1
|
Igarashi S, Yoshida S, Kenzo T, Sakai S, Nagamasu H, Hyodo F, Tayasu I, Mohamad M, Ichie T. No evidence of carbon storage usage for seed production in 18 dipterocarp masting species in a tropical rain forest. Oecologia 2024; 204:717-726. [PMID: 38483587 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Most canopy species in lowland tropical rain forests in Southeast Asia, represented by Dipterocarpaceae, undergo mast reproduction synchronously at community level during a general flowering event. Such events occur at irregular intervals of 2-10 years. Some species do not necessarily participate in every synchronous mast reproduction, however. This may be due to a lack of carbohydrate resources in the trees for masting. We tested the hypothesis that interspecific differences in the time required to store assimilates in trees for seed production are due to the frequency of masting and/or seed size in each species. We examined the relationship between reproductive frequency and the carbon accumulation period necessary for seed production, and between the seed size and the period, using radiocarbon analysis in 18 dipterocarp canopy species. The mean carbon accumulation period was 0.84 years before seed maturation in all species studied. The carbon accumulation period did not have any significant correlation with reproductive frequency or seed size, both of which varied widely across the species studied. Our results show that for seed production, dipterocarp masting species do not use carbon assimilates stored for a period between the masting years, but instead use recent photosynthates produced primarily in a masting year, regardless of the masting interval or seed size of each species. These findings suggest that storage of carbohydrate resources is not a limiting factor in the masting of dipterocarps, and that accumulation and allocation of other resources is important as a precondition for participation in general flowering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Igarashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, 783‑8502, Japan.
| | - Shohei Yoshida
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, 783‑8502, Japan
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Shoko Sakai
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, 15 Baptist University Rd, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, 603-8047, Japan
| | | | - Fujio Hyodo
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tayasu
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, 603-8047, Japan
| | - Mohizah Mohamad
- Forest Department Sarawak, 93050, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, 783‑8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Frei ER, Gossner MM, Vitasse Y, Queloz V, Dubach V, Gessler A, Ginzler C, Hagedorn F, Meusburger K, Moor M, Samblás Vives E, Rigling A, Uitentuis I, von Arx G, Wohlgemuth T. European beech dieback after premature leaf senescence during the 2018 drought in northern Switzerland. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1132-1145. [PMID: 36103113 PMCID: PMC10092601 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the particularly severe hot summer drought in 2018, widespread premature leaf senescence was observed in several broadleaved tree species in Central Europe, particularly in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). For beech, it is yet unknown whether the drought evoked a decline towards tree mortality or whether trees can recover in the longer term. In this study, we monitored crown dieback, tree mortality and secondary drought damage symptoms in 963 initially live beech trees that exhibited either premature or normal leaf senescence in 2018 in three regions in northern Switzerland from 2018 to 2021. We related the observed damage to multiple climate- and stand-related parameters. Cumulative tree mortality continuously increased up to 7.2% and 1.3% in 2021 for trees with premature and normal leaf senescence in 2018, respectively. Mean crown dieback in surviving trees peaked at 29.2% in 2020 and 8.1% in 2019 for trees with premature and normal leaf senescence, respectively. Thereafter, trees showed first signs of recovery. Crown damage was more pronounced and recovery was slower for trees that showed premature leaf senescence in 2018, for trees growing on drier sites, and for larger trees. The presence of bleeding cankers peaked at 24.6% in 2019 and 10.7% in 2020 for trees with premature and normal leaf senescence, respectively. The presence of bark beetle holes peaked at 22.8% and 14.8% in 2021 for trees with premature and normal leaf senescence, respectively. Both secondary damage symptoms occurred more frequently in trees that had higher proportions of crown dieback and/or showed premature senescence in 2018. Our findings demonstrate context-specific differences in beech mortality and recovery reflecting the importance of regional and local climate and soil conditions. Adapting management to increase forest resilience is gaining importance, given the expected further beech decline on dry sites in northern Switzerland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. R. Frei
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLFDavos DorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Climate Change and Extremes in Alpine Regions Research Centre CERCDavos DorfSwitzerland
| | - M. M. Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Y. Vitasse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - V. Queloz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - V. Dubach
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - A. Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - C. Ginzler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - F. Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - K. Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - M. Moor
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - E. Samblás Vives
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)Cerdanyola del VallesSpain
| | - A. Rigling
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - I. Uitentuis
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - G. von Arx
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - T. Wohlgemuth
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Q, Veen GF(C, Wagenaar R, Manrubia M, ten Hooven FC, van der Putten WH. Temporal dynamics of range expander and congeneric native plant responses during and after extreme drought events. ECOL MONOGR 2022; 92:e1529. [PMID: 36590329 PMCID: PMC9787952 DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing range shifts of many species to higher latitudes and altitudes and increasing their exposure to extreme weather events. It has been shown that range-shifting plant species may perform differently in new soil than related natives; however, little is known about how extreme weather events affect range-expanding plants compared to related natives. In this study we used outdoor mesocosms to study how range-expanding plant species responded to extreme drought in live soil from a habitat in a new range with and without live soil from a habitat in the original range (Hungary). During summer drought, the shoot biomass of the range-expanding plant community declined. In spite of this, in the mixed community, range expanders produced more shoot biomass than congeneric natives. In mesocosms with a history of range expanders in the previous year, native plants produced less biomass. Plant legacy or soil origin effects did not change the response of natives or range expanders to summer drought. During rewetting, range expanders had less biomass than congeneric natives but higher drought resilience (survival) in soils from the new range where in the previous year native plant species had grown. The biomass patterns of the mixed plant communities were dominated by Centaurea spp.; however, not all plant species within the groups of natives and of range expanders showed the general pattern. Drought reduced the litter decomposition, microbial biomass, and abundances of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and carnivorous nematodes. Their abundances recovered during rewetting. There was less microbial and fungal biomass, and there were fewer fungivorous nematodes in soils from the original range where range expanders had grown in the previous year. We concluded that in mixed plant communities of range expanders and congeneric natives, range expanders performed better, under both ambient and drought conditions, than congeneric natives. However, when considering the responses of individual species, we observed variations among pairs of congenerics, so that under the present mixed-community conditions there was no uniformity in responses to drought of range expanders versus congeneric natives. Range-expanding plant species reduced soil fungal biomass and the numbers of soil fungivorous nematodes, suggesting that the effects of range-expanding plant species can trickle up in the soil food web.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystems, School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - G. F. (Ciska) Veen
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Roel Wagenaar
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marta Manrubia
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Freddy C. ten Hooven
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands,Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University (WUR)WageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Plavcová L, Mészáros M, Šilhán K, Jupa R. Relationships between trunk radial growth and fruit yield in apple and pear trees on size-controlling rootstocks. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:477-489. [PMID: 35788818 PMCID: PMC9510948 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understanding the mutual co-ordination of vegetative and reproductive growth is important in both agricultural and ecological settings. A competitive relationship between vegetative growth and fruiting is often highlighted, resulting in an apparent trade-off between structural growth and fruit production. However, our understanding of factors driving this relationship is limited. METHODS We used four scions grafted onto a series of size-controlling rootstocks to evaluate the relationships between the annual fruit yield and radial growth of trunks, branches and roots. To assess tree radial growth, we measured ring widths on extracted tree cores, which is an approach not frequently used in a horticultural setting. KEY RESULTS We found that the yield and radial growth were negatively related when plotted in absolute terms or as detrended and normalized indices. The relationship was stronger in low vigour trees, but only after the age-related trend was removed. In contrast, when trunk radial growth was expressed as basal area increment, the negative relationship disappeared, suggesting that the relationship between trunk radial growth and fruit yield might not be a true trade-off related to the competition between the two sinks. The effect of low yield was associated with increased secondary growth not only in trunks but also in branches and roots. In trunks, we observed that overcropping was associated with reduced secondary growth in a subsequent year, possibly due to the depletion of reserves. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that variation in annual fruit yield due to tree ageing, weather cueing and inherent alternate bearing behaviour is reflected in the magnitude of secondary growth of fruit trees. We found little support for the competition/architecture theory of rootstock-induced growth vigour control. More broadly, our study aimed at bridging the gap between forest ecology and horticulture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Mészáros
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy, Hořice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šilhán
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jupa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stangler DF, Miller TW, Honer H, Larysch E, Puhlmann H, Seifert T, Kahle HP. Multivariate drought stress response of Norway spruce, silver fir and Douglas fir along elevational gradients in Southwestern Germany. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.907492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The conifer tree species Norway spruce (Picea abies), silver fir (Abies alba) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) are important elements in tree species composition and forest management of Central European forests, but their potential to thrive under anticipated climatic changes is still debated controversially. This study contributes a multivariate analysis of resilience components based on increment cores sampled at breast height of Norway spruce, silver fir and Douglas fir trees growing along elevational gradients in Southwestern Germany. We aimed to gain novel insights into the species-specific and elevational response of tree growth and wood density variables during the extreme drought events of the years 2003 and 2018. Our results for Norway spruce corroborate projections of its ongoing decline during climate change as the reductions of wood density and biomass production indicated high drought sensitivity at all elevations. Moreover, resilience indices of mean tree-ring density, maximum latewood density, tree-ring width and biomass production were even lower after the drought of 2018 compared to the previous drought of 2003. Silver fir, a potential substitute tree species for Norway spruce, showed unexpected results with resistance and resilience indices being significantly lower in 2018 compared to 2003 indicating that silver fir might be more vulnerable to drought than previously expected, especially at low elevations. In contrast, the superior growth rates and higher levels of drought tolerance of Douglas fir were especially pronounced during the drought of 2018 and visible across the entire elevational gradient, even though high coning intensity was present for all investigated tree species as a possible confounding factor to exacerbate the drought stress effects in the study region.
Collapse
|
6
|
Oddou-Muratorio S, Petit-Cailleux C, Journé V, Lingrand M, Magdalou JA, Hurson C, Garrigue J, Davi H, Magnanou E. Crown defoliation decreases reproduction and wood growth in a marginal European beech population. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:193-204. [PMID: 33928352 PMCID: PMC8324029 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abiotic and biotic stresses related to climate change have been associated with increased crown defoliation, decreased growth and a higher risk of mortality in many forest tree species, but the impact of stresses on tree reproduction and forest regeneration remains understudied. At the dry, warm margin of species distributions, flowering, pollination and seed maturation are expected to be affected by drought, late frost and other stresses, eventually resulting in reproduction failure. Moreover, inter-individual variation in reproductive performance versus other performance traits (growth, survival) could have important consequences for population dynamics. This study investigated the relationships among individual crown defoliation, growth and reproduction in a drought-prone population of European beech, Fagus sylvatica. METHODS We used a spatially explicit mating model and marker-based parentage analyses to estimate effective female and male fecundities of 432 reproductive trees, which were also monitored for basal area increment and crown defoliation over 9 years. KEY RESULTS Female and male fecundities varied markedly between individuals, more than did growth. Both female fecundity and growth decreased with increasing crown defoliation and competition, and increased with size. Moreover, the negative effect of defoliation on female fecundity was size-dependent, with a slower decline in female fecundity with increasing defoliation for the large individuals. Finally, a trade-off between growth and female fecundity was observed in response to defoliation: some large trees maintained significant female fecundity at the expense of reduced growth in response to defoliation, while some other defoliated trees maintained high growth at the expense of reduced female fecundity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, while decreasing their growth, some large defoliated trees still contribute to reproduction through seed production and pollination. This non-coordinated decline of growth and fecundity at individual level in response to stress may compromise the evolution of stress-resistance traits at population level, and increase forest tree vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthieu Lingrand
- URFM, INRAE, Avignon, France
- ECOBIOP, INRAE, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | | | - Joseph Garrigue
- Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la forêt de la Massane, France
| | | | - Elodie Magnanou
- Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la forêt de la Massane, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls/Mer, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marqués L, Peltier DMP, Camarero JJ, Zavala MA, Madrigal-González J, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Ogle K. Disentangling the Legacies of Climate and Management on Tree Growth. Ecosystems 2021; 25:215-235. [PMID: 35210936 PMCID: PMC8827397 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLegacies of past climate conditions and historical management govern forest productivity and tree growth. Understanding how these processes interact and the timescales over which they influence tree growth is critical to assess forest vulnerability to climate change. Yet, few studies address this issue, likely because integrated long-term records of both growth and forest management are uncommon. We applied the stochastic antecedent modelling (SAM) framework to annual tree-ring widths from mixed forests to recover the ecological memory of tree growth. We quantified the effects of antecedent temperature and precipitation up to 4 years preceding the year of ring formation and integrated management effects with records of harvesting intensity from historical forest management archives. The SAM approach uncovered important time periods most influential to growth, typically the warmer and drier months or seasons, but variation among species and sites emerged. Silver fir responded primarily to past climate conditions (25–50 months prior to the year of ring formation), while European beech and Scots pine responded mostly to climate conditions during the year of ring formation and the previous year, although these responses varied among sites. Past management and climate interacted in such a way that harvesting promoted growth in young silver fir under wet and warm conditions and in old European beech under drier and cooler conditions. Our study shows that the ecological memory associated with climate legacies and historical forest management is species-specific and context-dependent, suggesting that both aspects are needed to properly evaluate forest functioning under climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marqués
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Edificio Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Drew M. P. Peltier
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA
| | - J. Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, (IPE–CSIC), Avda. Montañana, 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Zavala
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Edificio Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Madrigal-González
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene, University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl Vogt, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Ecología, Edafología, Parasitología, Química agrícola, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Kiona Ogle
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bogdziewicz M, Fernández‐Martínez M, Espelta JM, Ogaya R, Penuelas J. Is forest fecundity resistant to drought? Results from an 18-yr rainfall-reduction experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1073-1080. [PMID: 32329082 PMCID: PMC7496795 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment is a primary determinant of the long-term dynamics of plant populations in changing environments. However, little information is known about the effects of anthropogenic environmental changes on reproductive ecology of trees. We evaluated the impact of experimentally induced 18 yr of drought on reproduction of three contrasting forest trees: Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia and Arbutus unedo. Rainfall reduction did not decrease tree fecundity. Drought, however, affected the allocation of resources in Q. ilex and A. unedo but not the more drought tolerant P. latifolia. Larger crop production by Q. ilex and A. unedo was associated with a stronger decrease in growth in the rainfall-reduction plots compared with the control plots, suggesting that these species were able to maintain their fecundity by shifting their allocation of resources away from growth. Our results indicated resistance to change in tree fecundity in Mediterranean-type forest subjected to an average 15% decrease in the amount of soil moisture, suggesting that these ecosystems may adapt to a progressive increase in arid conditions. However, the species-specific reductions in growth may indirectly affect future fecundity and ultimately shift community composition, even without immediate direct effects of drought on tree fecundity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic ZoologyFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz University61‐614PoznańPoland
- CREAFCerdanyola delVallès08193CataloniaSpain
| | | | | | - Romà Ogaya
- CREAFCerdanyola delVallès08193CataloniaSpain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAFCerdanyola delVallès08193CataloniaSpain
- Global Ecology UnitCSICCerdanyola del Vallès 08193CataloniaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mund M, Herbst M, Knohl A, Matthäus B, Schumacher J, Schall P, Siebicke L, Tamrakar R, Ammer C. It is not just a 'trade-off': indications for sink- and source-limitation to vegetative and regenerative growth in an old-growth beech forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:111-125. [PMID: 31901219 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controls on tree growth are key issues in plant physiology. The hypothesis of our study was that the interannual variability of wood and fruit production are primarily controlled directly by weather conditions (sink limitation), while carbon assimilation (source limitation) plays a secondary role. We analyzed the interannual variability of weather conditions, gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) of wood and fruits of an old-growth, unmanaged Fagus sylvatica forest over 14 yr, including six mast years. In a multiple linear regression model, c. 71% of the annual variation in wood-NPP could be explained by mean air temperature in May, precipitation from April to May (positive influence) and fruit-NPP (negative influence). GPP of June to July solely explained c. 42% of the variation in wood-NPP. Fruit-NPP was positively related to summer precipitation 2 yr before (R2 = 0.85), and negatively to precipitation in May (R2 = 0.83) in the fruit years. GPP had no influence on fruit-NPP. Our results suggest a complex system of sink and source limitations to tree growth driven by weather conditions and going beyond a simple carbon-mediated 'trade-off' between regenerative and vegetative growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mund
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Herbst
- German Meteorological Service, Centre for Agrometeorological Research, Bundesallee 33, D-38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertrand Matthäus
- Max Rubner-Institute, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Schützenberg 12, D-32756, Detmold, Germany
| | - Jens Schumacher
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Siebicke
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rijan Tamrakar
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lauder JD, Moran EV, Hart SC. Fight or flight? Potential tradeoffs between drought defense and reproduction in conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1071-1085. [PMID: 30924877 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants frequently exhibit tradeoffs between reproduction and growth when resources are limited, and often change these allocation patterns in response to stress. Shorter-lived plants such as annuals tend to allocate relatively more resources toward reproduction when stressed, while longer-lived plants tend to invest more heavily in survival and stress defense. However, severe stress may affect the fitness implications of allocating relatively more resources to reproduction versus stress defense. Increased drought intensity and duration have led to widespread mortality events in coniferous forests. In this review, we ask how potential tradeoffs between reproduction and survival influence the likelihood of drought-induced mortality and species persistence. We propose that trees may exhibit what we call 'fight or flight' behaviors under stress. 'Fight' behaviors involve greater resource allocation toward survival (e.g., growth, drought-resistant xylem and pest defense). 'Flight' consists of higher relative allocation of resources to reproduction, potentially increasing both offspring production and mortality risk for the adult. We hypothesize that flight behaviors increase as drought stress escalates the likelihood of mortality in a given location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Lauder
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Emily V Moran
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Stephen C Hart
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Using Annual Resolution Pollen Analysis to Synchronize Varve and Tree-Ring Records. QUATERNARY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/quat2030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fossil wood and varved lake sediments allow proxy analysis with exceptionally high, (sub-)annual resolution. Both archives provide dating through ring and layer counting, yet with different accuracy. In wood, counting errors are small and can be eliminated through cross-dating because tree-rings show regionally synchronous patterns. In varved sediments, counting errors are larger and cross-dating is hampered by missing regional patterns in varve parameters. Here, we test whether annual pollen analysis is suited to synchronize varve records. To that end, annual pollen deposition was estimated in three short cores from two lakes in north-eastern Germany for the period 1980–2017 CE. Analysis has focused on Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, which show the strongest annual variations in flowering (mast). For both tree taxa, annual flowering variations recorded by forest and pollen monitoring are well represented in varved lake sediments, hence indeed allow us to synchronize the records. Some pollen mast events were not recognized, which may relate to sampling uncertainties, redeposition or regional variations in flowering. In Fagus sylvatica, intense flowering limits wood growth in the same year. Peaks in pollen deposition hence correlate with minima in tree-ring width, which provides a link between varved lake sediments and fossil wood.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hacket-Pain AJ, Ascoli D, Vacchiano G, Biondi F, Cavin L, Conedera M, Drobyshev I, Liñán ID, Friend AD, Grabner M, Hartl C, Kreyling J, Lebourgeois F, Levanič T, Menzel A, van der Maaten E, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, Muffler L, Motta R, Roibu CC, Popa I, Scharnweber T, Weigel R, Wilmking M, Zang CS. Climatically controlled reproduction drives interannual growth variability in a temperate tree species. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1833-1844. [PMID: 30230201 PMCID: PMC6446945 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Climatically controlled allocation to reproduction is a key mechanism by which climate influences tree growth and may explain lagged correlations between climate and growth. We used continent-wide datasets of tree-ring chronologies and annual reproductive effort in Fagus sylvatica from 1901 to 2015 to characterise relationships between climate, reproduction and growth. Results highlight that variable allocation to reproduction is a key factor for growth in this species, and that high reproductive effort ('mast years') is associated with stem growth reduction. Additionally, high reproductive effort is associated with previous summer temperature, creating lagged climate effects on growth. Consequently, understanding growth variability in forest ecosystems requires the incorporation of reproduction, which can be highly variable. Our results suggest that future response of growth dynamics to climate change in this species will be strongly influenced by the response of reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Giorgio Vacchiano
- DISAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Biondi
- DendroLab, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89509, USA
| | - Liam Cavin
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Marco Conedera
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, a Ramél 18, CH-6953, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Igor Drobyshev
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.,Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boulevard de l' Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Isabel Dorado Liñán
- Forest Research Centre, (INIA-CIFOR), Ctra. La Coruñna km. 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew D Friend
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Grabner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Science - BOKU, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hartl
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - François Lebourgeois
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, 14 rue Girardet, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Tom Levanič
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Professorship of Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ernst van der Maaten
- Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Pienner Str. 8, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | | | - Lena Muffler
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Renzo Motta
- DISAFA, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | | | - Ionel Popa
- National Research and Development Institute in Forestry, Marin Drăcea, Calea Bucovinei 73bis, Campulung Moldovenesc, Romania
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Weigel
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian S Zang
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Villellas J, García MB. Life-history trade-offs vary with resource availability across the geographic range of a widespread plant. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:483-489. [PMID: 29247581 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trade-offs between reproduction, growth and survival arise from limited resource availability in plants. Environmental stress is expected to exacerbate these negative correlations, but no studies have evaluated variation in life-history trade-offs throughout species geographic ranges. Here we analyse the costs of growth and reproduction across the latitudinal range of the widespread herb Plantago coronopus in Europe. We monitored the performance of thousands of individuals in 11 populations of P. coronopus, and tested whether the effects of growth and reproduction on a set of vital rates (growth, probability of survival, probability of reproduction and fecundity) varied with local precipitation and soil fertility. To account for variation in internal resources among individuals, we analysed trade-offs correcting for differences in size. Growth was negatively affected by previous growth and reproduction. We also found costs of growth and reproduction on survival, reproduction probability and fecundity, but only in populations with low soil fertility. Costs also increased with precipitation, possibly due to flooding-related stress. In contrast, growth was positively correlated with subsequent survival, and there was a positive covariation in reproduction between consecutive years under certain environments, a potential strategy to exploit temporary benign conditions. Overall, we found both negative and positive correlations among vital rates across P. coronopus geographic range. Trade-offs predominated under stressful conditions, and positive correlations arose particularly between related traits like reproduction investment across years. By analysing multiple and diverse fitness components along stress gradients, we can better understand life-history evolution across species' ranges, and their responses to environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Villellas
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M B García
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|