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Martínez-Vilalta J, Poyatos R. Connecting the dots: concurrent assessment of water flows and pools to better understand plant responses to drought. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1285-1289. [PMID: 37341378 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
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Martín-Gómez P, Rodríguez-Robles U, Ogée J, Wingate L, Sancho-Knapik D, Peguero-Pina J, Dos Santos Silva JV, Gil-Pelegrín E, Pemán J, Ferrio JP. Contrasting stem water uptake and storage dynamics of water-saver and water-spender species during drought and recovery. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1290-1306. [PMID: 36930058 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is projected to occur more frequently and intensely in the coming decades, and the extent to which it will affect forest functioning will depend on species-specific responses to water stress. Aiming to understand the hydraulic traits and water dynamics behind water-saver and water-spender strategies in response to drought and recovery, we conducted a pot experiment with two species with contrasting physiological strategies, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea L.). We applied two cycles of soil drying and recovery and irrigated with isotopically different water to track fast changes in soil and stem water pools, while continuously measuring physiological status and xylem water content from twigs. Our results provide evidence for a tight link between the leaf-level response and the water uptake and storage patterns in the stem. The water-saver strategy of pines prevented stem dehydration by rapidly closing stomata which limited their water uptake during the early stages of drought and recovery. Conversely, oaks showed a less conservative strategy, maintaining transpiration and physiological activity under dry soil conditions, and consequently becoming more dehydrated at the stem level. We interpreted this dehydration as the release of water from elastic storage tissues as no major loss of hydraulic conductance occurred for this species. After soil rewetting, pines recovered pre-drought leaf water potential rapidly, but it took longer to replace the water from conductive tissues (slower labeling speed). In contrast, water-spender oaks were able to quickly replace xylem water during recovery (fast labeling speed), but it took longer to refill stem storage tissues, and hence to recover pre-drought leaf water potential. These different patterns in sap flow rates, speed and duration of the labeling reflected a combination of water-use and storage traits, linked to the leaf-level strategies in response to drought and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martín-Gómez
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO - CERCA, Ctra de Sant Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, E-25280 Solsona, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ulises Rodríguez-Robles
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Independencia Nacional 151, Autlán de Navarro, 48900 Jalisco, México
| | - Jérôme Ogée
- Atmosphere Plant Soil Interactions Research Unit (UMR ISPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), 71 Av. Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Lisa Wingate
- Atmosphere Plant Soil Interactions Research Unit (UMR ISPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), 71 Av. Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Peguero-Pina
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Victor Dos Santos Silva
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Pemán
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Camarero JJ, Valeriano C. Responses of ancient pollarded and pruned oaks to climate and drought: Chronicles from threatened cultural woodlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163680. [PMID: 37105474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Humans have shaped open oak forests for centuries through pollarding and grazing. Nowadays, these cultural landscapes face the abandonment of their traditional uses and new threats, including rising temperatures and increasing drought stress, especially in southern Europe. We need precise data on the long-term radial growth changes of these oak woodlands to better characterize and preserve them. To fill this research gap, we compared the growth patterns and responses to climate variables and a drought index of three traditionally pollarded deciduous oaks (Quercus subpyrenaica, Quercus faginea, Quercus pyrenaica) and one previously pruned, evergreen oak (Quercus ilex) in central and northeastern Spain. In the three deciduous oaks, we reconstructed radial growth suppressions which were mainly attributed to past pollarding events. Recent post-pollarding growth improvement was transitory but long-term growth enhancement could be maintained by periodic pollarding. Formerly pollarded oaks were old reaching maximum ages of 313 years in the case of Q. faginea. Formerly pruned Q. ilex trees were also old reaching ages of at least 384 years. Peaks in major growth suppressions of Q. faginea sites corresponded to periods of intense timber demand following abrupt socioeconomic changes (land tenure and land use changes, local population growth, wars) such as the 1820s, 1840s, 1910s and 1940s. However, other growth suppressions corresponded to dry periods such as the 1870s and 1950s. Oak growth was constrained by warm-dry conditions in spring and by short- to long-term summer droughts (4-18 months). Pollarding abandonment and increased aridification threaten the survival of such old pollarded oak stands that preserve unique cultural, ecological and biological values.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Cristina Valeriano
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50192 Zaragoza, Spain
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Blumstein M, Gersony J, Martínez-Vilalta J, Sala A. Global variation in nonstructural carbohydrate stores in response to climate. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1854-1869. [PMID: 36583374 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Woody plant species store nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) for many functions. While known to buffer against fluctuations in photosynthetic supply, such as at night, NSC stores are also thought to buffer against environmental extremes, such as drought or freezing temperatures by serving as either back-up energy reserves or osmolytes. However, a clear picture of how NSCs are shaped by climate is still lacking. Here, we update and leverage a unique global database of seasonal NSC storage measurements to examine whether maximum total NSC stores and the amount of soluble sugars are associated with clinal patterns in low temperatures or aridity, indicating they may confer a benefit under freezing or drought conditions. We examine patterns using the average climate at each study site and the unique climatic conditions at the time and place in which the sample was taken. Altogether, our results support the idea that NSC stores act as critical osmolytes. Soluble Sugars increase with both colder and drier conditions in aboveground tissues, indicating they can plastically increase a plants' tolerance of cold or arid conditions. However, maximum total NSCs increased, rather than decreased, with average site temperature and had no relationship to average site aridity. This result suggests that the total amount of NSC a plant stores may be more strongly determined by its capacity to assimilate carbon than by environmental stress. Thus, NSCs are unlikely to serve as reservoir of energy. This study is the most comprehensive synthesis to date of global NSC variation in relation to climate and supports the idea that NSC stores likely serve as buffers against environmental stress. By clarifying their role in cold and drought tolerance, we improve our ability to predict plant response to environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Blumstein
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Gersony
- Department of Natural Resources, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Sala
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
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Xu GQ, Chen TQ, Liu SS, Ma J, Li Y. Within-crown plasticity of hydraulic properties influence branch dieback patterns of two woody plants under experimental drought conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158802. [PMID: 36115397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent year, widespread declines of Populus bolleana Lauche trees (P. bolleana, which dieback from the top down) and Haloxylon ammodendron shrubs (H. ammodendron, which dieback starting from their outer canopy) have occurred. To investigate how both intra-canopy hydraulic changes and plasticity in hydraulic properties create differences in vulnerability between these two species, we conducted a drought simulation field experiment. We analyzed branch hydraulic vulnerability, leaf water potential (Ψ), photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), non-structural carbohydrate (NSCs) contents and morphological traits of the plants as the plants underwent a partial canopy dieback. Our results showed that: (1) the hydraulic architecture was very different between the two life forms; (2) H. ammodendron exhibited a drought tolerance response with weak stomatal control, and thus a sharp decline in Ψ while P. bolleana showed a drought avoidance response with tighter stomatal control that maintained a relatively stable Ψ; (3) the Ψ of H. ammodendron showed relative consistent symptoms of drought stress with increasing plant stature, but the Ψ of P. bolleana showed greater drought stress in higher portions of the crown; (4) prolonged drought caused P. bolleana to consume and H. ammodendron to accumulate NSCs in the branches of their upper canopy. Thus, the prolonged drought caused the shoots of the upper canopy of P. bolleana to experience greater vulnerability leading to dieback of the upper branches first, while all the twigs of the outer canopy of H. ammodendron experienced nearly identical degrees of vulnerability, and thus dieback occurred uniformly. Our results indicate that intra-canopy hydraulic change and their plasticity under drought was the main cause of the observed canopy dieback patterns in both species. However, more work is needed to further establish that hydraulic limitation as a function of plant stature was the sole mechanism for causing the divergent canopy dieback patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tu-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shen-Si Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Lab of Subtropical Siviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666Wusu Street, Lin-An, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Zhang Y, Xu Q, Zhang B, Gao D, Wang T, Xu W, Ren R, Wang S. Contrasting water-use patterns of Chinese fir among different plantation types in a subtropical region of China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:946508. [PMID: 36186060 PMCID: PMC9520624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.946508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plantation cultivation plays an important role in improving terrestrial ecosystem functions and services. Understanding the water-use patterns of major afforestation species is vital for formulating ecological restoration strategies and predicting the response of plantation to climate change. However, the impacts and drivers of forest types on water-use patterns of key tree species are poorly understood. Here, the combined methods of dual stable isotope of δD and δ 18O and Bayesian mixed framework (MixSIAR) were employed to investigate the water-use patterns of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir) in a monoculture, mixed forest with Cinnamomum camphora, and mixed forest with Alnus cremastogyne under different rainfall events in subtropical China. Furthermore, the relative contribution of different soil and plant factors to the water-use patterns of Chinese fir was quantified using a random forest model. Our results showed that Chinese fir in the mixed forests (with C. camphora or with A. cremastogyne) utilized less water from shallow soil compared to that in a monoculture but significantly improved the proportion of water absorbed from deep soil with the increase of 55.57%-64.90% and 68.99%-108.83% following moderate and heavy rainfall events, respectively. The most important factors contributing to the differences in water-use patterns of Chinese fir among monoculture and mixed forests were tree attributes (i.e., leaf biomass, eco-physiological regulation, and fine root biomass). These findings reveal that Chinese fir in mixed forests could optimize water-use patterns by adjusting plant properties for interspecific niche complementarity, improving the utilization of deep soil water. Overall, this study suggests that mixed-species plantations could improve water-use efficiency and reduce the sensitivity of tree species to precipitation change, indicating they are better able to cope with expected climate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Ren
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Silong Wang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Gea‐Izquierdo G, Sánchez‐González M. Forest disturbances and climate constrain carbon allocation dynamics in trees. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4342-4358. [PMID: 35322511 PMCID: PMC9541293 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forest disturbances such as drought, fire, and logging affect the forest carbon dynamics and the terrestrial carbon sink. Forest mortality after disturbances creates uncertainties that need to be accounted for to understand forest dynamics and their associated C-sink. We combined data from permanent resampling plots and biomass oriented dendroecological plots to estimate time series of annual woody biomass growth (ABI) in several forests. ABI time series were used to benchmark a vegetation model to analyze dynamics in forest productivity and carbon allocation forced by environmental variability. The model implements source and sink limitations explicitly by dynamically constraining carbon allocation of assimilated photosynthates as a function of temperature and moisture. Bias in tree-ring reconstructed ABI increased back in time from data collection and with increasing disturbance intensity. ABI bias ranged from zero, in open stands without recorded mortality, to over 100% in stands with major disturbances such as thinning or snowstorms. Stand leaf area was still lower than in control plots decades after heavy thinning. Disturbances, species life-history strategy and climatic variability affected carbon-partitioning patterns in trees. Resprouting broadleaves reached maximum biomass growth at earlier ages than nonresprouting conifers. Environmental variability and leaf area explained much variability in woody biomass allocation. Effects of stand competition on C-allocation were mediated by changes in stand leaf area except after major disturbances. Divergence between tree-ring estimated and simulated ABI were caused by unaccounted changes in allocation or misrepresentation of some functional process independently of the model calibration approach. Higher disturbance intensity produced greater modifications of the C-allocation pattern, increasing error in reconstructed biomass dynamics. Legacy effects from disturbances decreased model performance and reduce the potential use of ABI as a proxy to net primary productivity. Trait-based dynamics of C-allocation in response to environmental variability need to be refined in vegetation models.
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8
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Vitali V, Martínez-Sancho E, Treydte K, Andreu-Hayles L, Dorado-Liñán I, Gutierrez E, Helle G, Leuenberger M, Loader NJ, Rinne-Garmston KT, Schleser GH, Allen S, Waterhouse JS, Saurer M, Lehmann MM. The unknown third - Hydrogen isotopes in tree-ring cellulose across Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152281. [PMID: 34942249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This is the first Europe-wide comprehensive assessment of the climatological and physiological information recorded by hydrogen isotope ratios in tree-ring cellulose (δ2Hc) based on a unique collection of annually resolved 100-year tree-ring records of two genera (Pinus and Quercus) from 17 sites (36°N to 68°N). We observed that the high-frequency climate signals in the δ2Hc chronologies were weaker than those recorded in carbon (δ13Cc) and oxygen isotope signals (δ18Oc) but similar to the tree-ring width ones (TRW). The δ2Hc climate signal strength varied across the continent and was stronger and more consistent for Pinus than for Quercus. For both genera, years with extremely dry summer conditions caused a significant 2H-enrichment in tree-ring cellulose. The δ2Hc inter-annual variability was strongly site-specific, as a result of the imprinting of climate and hydrology, but also physiological mechanisms and tree growth. To differentiate between environmental and physiological signals in δ2Hc, we investigated its relationships with δ18Oc and TRW. We found significant negative relationships between δ2Hc and TRW (7 sites), and positive ones between δ2Hc and δ18Oc (10 sites). The strength of these relationships was nonlinearly related to temperature and precipitation. Mechanistic δ2Hc models performed well for both genera at continental scale simulating average values, but they failed on capturing year-to-year δ2Hc variations. Our results suggest that the information recorded by δ2Hc is significantly different from that of δ18Oc, and has a stronger physiological component independent from climate, possibly related to the use of carbohydrate reserves for growth. Advancements in the understanding of 2H-fractionations and their relationships with climate, physiology, and species-specific traits are needed to improve the modelling and interpretation accuracy of δ2Hc. Such advancements could lead to new insights into trees' carbon allocation mechanisms, and responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vitali
- Stable Isotope Research Center (SIRC), Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Dynamics, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - E Martínez-Sancho
- Dendrosciences, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Dynamics, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - K Treydte
- Dendrosciences, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Dynamics, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - L Andreu-Hayles
- Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA; CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall.s), Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Llu.s Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Dorado-Liñán
- Department of Systems and Natural Resources, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Gutierrez
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Helle
- German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 4.3 Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Leuenberger
- Climate and Environmental Physics Division and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - N J Loader
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - G H Schleser
- FZJ Research Center Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Allen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - J S Waterhouse
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Saurer
- Stable Isotope Research Center (SIRC), Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Dynamics, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - M M Lehmann
- Stable Isotope Research Center (SIRC), Ecosystem Ecology, Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Dynamics, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Fajardo A, Piper FI. How to cope with drought and not die trying: Drought acclimation across tree species with contrasting niche breadth. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinario (I3)Universidad de Talca Talca Chile
| | - Frida I. Piper
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinario (I3)Universidad de Talca Talca Chile
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10
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Alonso-Forn D, Peguero-Pina JJ, Ferrio JP, Mencuccini M, Mendoza-Herrer Ó, Sancho-Knapik D, Gil-Pelegrín E. Contrasting functional strategies following severe drought in two Mediterranean oaks with different leaf habit: Quercus faginea and Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:371-387. [PMID: 33079165 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, evergreen sclerophyllous and winter-deciduous malacophyllous oaks with different paleogeographical origins coexist under Mediterranean-type climates, such as the mixed forests of the evergreen Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia Lam. and the winter-deciduous Quercus faginea Lam. Both Mediterranean oaks constitute two examples of contrasting leaf habit, so it could be expected that they would have different functional strategies to cope with summer drought. In this study, we analysed photosynthetic, photochemical and hydraulic traits of different organs for Q. faginea and Q. ilex subsp. rotundifolia under well-watered conditions and subjected to very severe drought. The coordinated response between photosynthetic and hydraulic traits explained the higher photosynthetic capacity of Q. faginea under well-watered conditions, which compensated its shorter leaf life span at the expense of higher water consumption. The progressive imposition of water stress evidenced that both types of Mediterranean oaks displayed different functional strategies to cope with water limitations. Specifically, the decrease in mesophyll conductance associated with edaphic drought seems to be the main factor explaining the differences found in the dynamics of net CO2 assimilation throughout the drought period. The sharp decline in photosynthetic traits of Q. faginea was coupled with a strong decrease in shoot hydraulic conductance in response to drought. This fact probably avoided extensive xylem embolism in the stems (i.e., 'vulnerability segmentation'), which enabled new leaf development after drought period in Q. faginea. By contrast, leaves of Q. ilex subsp. rotundifolia showed effective photoprotective mechanisms and high resistance to drought-induced cavitation, which would be related with the longer leaf life span of the evergreen Mediterranean oaks. The co-occurrence of both types of Mediterranean oaks could be related to edaphic conditions that ensure the maintenance of soil water potential above critical values for Q. faginea, which can be severely affected by soil degradation and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alonso-Forn
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2-(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Óscar Mendoza-Herrer
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2-(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Refsland T, Knapp B, Stephan K, Fraterrigo J. Sixty‐five years of fire manipulation reveals climate and fire interact to determine growth rates ofQuercusspp. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Refsland
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign 505 S. Goodwin Avenue Urbana Illinois61801USA
| | - Benjamin Knapp
- School of Natural Resources University of Missouri 1111 W. Rollins Road Columbia Missouri65211USA
| | - Kirsten Stephan
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University 1145 Evansdale Dr Morgantown West Virginia26506USA
| | - Jennifer Fraterrigo
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign 505 S. Goodwin Avenue Urbana Illinois61801USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue Urbana Illinois61801USA
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12
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Ripullone F, Camarero JJ, Colangelo M, Voltas J. Variation in the access to deep soil water pools explains tree-to-tree differences in drought-triggered dieback of Mediterranean oaks. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:591-604. [PMID: 32159804 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in the access to deep soil water pools may explain the differential damage among coexisting, conspecific trees as a consequence of drought-induced dieback. We addressed this issue by comparing the responses to a severe drought of three Mediterranean oak species with different drought tolerance, Quercus pubescens L. and Quercus frainetto Ten., mainly thriving at xeric and mesic sites, respectively, and Quercus cerris L., which dominates at intermediate sites. For each species, we compared coexisting declining (D) and non-declining (ND) trees. The stable isotope composition (δ2H, δ18O) of xylem and soil water was used to infer a differential use of soil water sources. We also measured tree size and radial growth to quantify the long-term divergence of wood production between D and ND trees and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in sapwood to evaluate if D trees presented lower NSC values. The ND trees had access to deeper soil water than D trees except in Q. frainetto, as indicated by significantly more depleted xylem water values. However, a strong δ2H offset between soil and xylem water isotopes observed in peak summer could suggest that both tree types were not physiologically active under extreme drought conditions. Alternative processes causing deuterium fractionation, however, could not be ruled out. Tree height and recent (last 15-25 years) growth rates in all species studied were lower in D than in ND trees by 22 and 44%, respectively. Lastly, there was not a consistent pattern of NSC sapwood concentration; in Q. pubescens, it was higher in ND trees while in Q. frainetto, the D trees were the ones exhibiting the higher NSC concentration. We conclude that the vulnerability to drought among conspecific Mediterranean oaks depends on the differential access to deep soil water pools, which may be related to differences in rooting depth, tree size and growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ripullone
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza I-85100, Italy
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza E-50059, Spain
| | - Michele Colangelo
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza I-85100, Italy
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza E-50059, Spain
| | - Jordi Voltas
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, Spain
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, Spain
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13
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Forner A, Valladares F, Bonal D, Granier A, Grossiord C, Aranda I. Extreme droughts affecting Mediterranean tree species' growth and water-use efficiency: the importance of timing. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1127-1137. [PMID: 29554342 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for a long time that drought intensity is a critical variable in determining water stress of Mediterranean tree species. However, not as much attention has been paid to other drought characteristics, for example the timing of the dry periods. We investigated the impact of the timing and intensity of extreme droughts on growing season length, growth and water-use efficiency of three tree species, Pinus nigra ssp. Salzmannii J.F. Arnold, Quercus ilex ssp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. and Quercus faginea Lam. coexisting in a continental Mediterranean ecosystem. Over the study period (2009-13), intense droughts were observed at annual and seasonal scales, particularly during 2011 and 2012. In 2012, an atypically dry winter and spring was followed by an intense summer drought. Quercus faginea growth was affected more by drought timing than by drought intensity, probably because of its winter-deciduous leaf habit. Pinus nigra showed a lower decrease in secondary growth than observed in the two Quercus species in extremely dry years. Resilience to extreme droughts was different among species, with Q. faginea showing poorer recovery of growth after very dry years. The highest intra- and inter-annual plasticity in water-use efficiency was observed in P. nigra, which maintained a more water-saving strategy. Our results revealed that the timing of extreme drought events can affect tree function to a larger extent than drought intensity, especially in deciduous species. Legacy effects of drought over months and years significantly strengthened the impact of drought timing and intensity on tree function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Forner
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINCGlobal), Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN, CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINCGlobal), Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN, CSIC, Serrano 115 dpdo, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnológicas, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/ Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Champenoux, France
| | - André Granier
- INRA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Champenoux, France
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, INIA, Forest Research Centre, Avda. A Coruña km 7.5, Madrid, Spain
- INAGEA, Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
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14
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Fernández-de-Uña L, Aranda I, Rossi S, Fonti P, Cañellas I, Gea-Izquierdo G. Divergent phenological and leaf gas exchange strategies of two competing tree species drive contrasting responses to drought at their altitudinal boundary. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1152-1165. [PMID: 29718459 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In Mediterranean mountains, Pinus sylvestris L. is expected to be displaced under a warming climate by more drought-tolerant species such as the sub-Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica Willd. Understanding how environmental factors drive tree physiology and phenology is, therefore, essential to assess the effect of changing climatic conditions on the performance of these species and, ultimately, their distribution. We compared the cambial and leaf phenology and leaf gas exchange of Q. pyrenaica and P. sylvestris at their altitudinal boundary in Central Spain and assessed the environmental variables involved. Results indicate that P. sylvestris cambial phenology was more sensitive to weather conditions (temperature at the onset and water deficit at the end of the growing season) than Q. pyrenaica. On the other hand, Q. pyrenaica cambial and leaf phenology were synchronized and driven by photoperiod and temperatures. Pinus sylvestris showed lower photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency and higher intrinsic water-use efficiency than Q. pyrenaica as a result of a tighter stomatal control in response to summer dry conditions, despite its less negative midday leaf water potentials. These phenological and leaf gas exchange responses evidence a stronger sensitivity to drought of P. sylvestris than that of Q. pyrenaica, which may therefore hold a competitive advantage over P. sylvestris under the predicted increase in recurrence and intensity of drought events. On the other hand, both species could benefit from warmer springs through an advanced phenology, although this effect could be limited in Q. pyrenaica if it maintains a photoperiod control over the onset of xylogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández-de-Uña
- INIA-CIFOR, Ctra. La Coruña, km 7.5, Madrid, Spain
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, INRA Grand Est-Nancy, Rue d'Amance, Champenoux, France
| | | | - Sergio Rossi
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi (QC), Canada
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 111 Zürcherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Hydraulic Constraints to Whole-Tree Water Use and Respiration in Young Cryptomeria Trees under Competition. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9080449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive studies have focused on carbon and water balance from aboveground measurements, the link between the belowground and aboveground processes deserves greater attention. In this context, the aim of this work was to assess the bi-directional feedback between whole-plant respiration and transpiration. The study was performed on 25 saplings of Sugi (Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), including dominant and suppressed individuals (total fresh weight ranging between 0.2 and 8.0 kg). During one week, the integrated water use (WU) was determined using the Deuterium dilution method. After this, the trees were uprooted and the root, stem, and leaf respiration were measured using incubation chambers and CO2 infrared sensors. The stem and root respiration followed a power response to mass (power exponent b < 1), implying a decline in mass-specific respiration with size. Conversely, the leaf respiration followed a near-linear increase with size (power exponent b ≈ 1), but was negatively affected by the stem density, indicating the hydraulic limitations of the leaf metabolism. The water use followed a power response with the tree size (b < 1), showing a decline in the transpiration per leaf mass with the tree size, but was also negatively correlated with the stem density. Our results indicate that dominant trees are more efficient in the use of water, and highlight the role of hydraulic limitations to leaf metabolism in suppressed trees.
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