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Guo J, Qu L, Wang L, Lu W, Lu D. Effects of post-silking drought stress degree on grain yield and quality of waxy maize. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1530-1540. [PMID: 36194545 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress (DS) induced by post-silking have a major impact on the yield and quality of maize. In this study, the effects of different degrees of DS after pollination on grain filling, starch and protein metabolism, and functional properties were investigated using two waxy maize cultivars as materials. The levels of DS that were investigated were 'mild water stress' (WS1), 'moderate water stressed' (WS2), and 'severe waterstressed' (WS3). RESULTS Drought stress decreased grain fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture content in both cultivars during grain filling, and reduced kernel number, kernel weight, and grain yield at maturity. The effect on grain development and yield formation gradually increased with drought aggravation. The water stress (WS) treatment downregulated the enzymatic activities related to starch biosynthesis during grain-filling process, accompanied by a decrease in soluble sugar and starch deposition. The WS treatment increased the enzymatic activities involved in protein synthesis during grain-filling process, thereby increasing the protein content of grains. On average, WS2 and WS3 treatments reduced the pasting viscosities and increased the gelatinization temperatures of grains, with WS3 having the greatest effect. However, the changes of setback viscosity, gelatinization enthalpy, retrogradation enthalpy, and retrogradation percentage under WS treatment were inconsistent in both cultivars. Pearson correlation analysis showed that starch content was negatively correlated with gelatinization temperatures and positively correlated with pasting viscosities in both cultivars. However, grain pasting and gelatinization properties have opposite correlations with protein content and starch content. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that post-silking DS regulated the grain-filling process and starch and protein biosynthesis, which influenced grain yield and quality. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology|Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China
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Guo J, Qu L, Wei Q, Lu D. Effects of post-silking low temperature on the starch and protein metabolism, endogenous hormone contents, and quality of grains in waxy maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:988172. [PMID: 36407592 PMCID: PMC9673756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waxy maize has many excellent characteristics in food and nonfood industries. However, post-silking low temperature (LT) has severe limitations on its grain yield and quality. In this study, field and pot trials were conducted to investigate the effects of post-silking LT on the physiological, biochemical, and functional characteristics of two waxy maize grains. The field and pot trials were performed with sowing date and artificial climate chamber, respectively, for LT treatment from silking stage to maturity. Results in pot trial were used to explain and validate the findings in field trial. Compared with the ambient treatment, the LT treatment significantly reduced kernel weight during the grain filling stage (P < 0.05). LT treatment in both environments resulted in an average decrease in dry weight of SYN5 and YN7 at maturity by 36.6% and 42.8%, respectively. Enzymatic activities related to starch and protein biosynthesis decreased under the LT treatment during the filling stage, accompanied by a decrease in the accumulation amounts and contents of soluble sugar and starch, and a decrease in protein accumulation amount. Meanwhile, the contents of abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and gibberellin 3 in grains decreased under the LT treatment during the filling stage. Peak, trough, breakdown, final, and setback viscosities of grains decreased by LT. LT treatment decreased the gelatinization enthalpy of grains and increased the retrogradation percentage. In conclusion, post-silking LT stress altered the content of grain components by inhibiting the production of phytohormones and down-regulating the enzymatic activities involved in starch and protein metabolism, which resulted in the deterioration of grain pasting and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Guo J, Gu X, Lu W, Lu D. Multiomics analysis of kernel development in response to short-term heat stress at the grain formation stage in waxy maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6291-6304. [PMID: 34128533 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the adaptive changes in maize kernels under high-temperature stress during grain formation stage is critical for developing strategies to alleviate the negative effects on yield and quality. In this study, we subjected waxy maize (Zea mays L. sinensis Kulesh) to four different temperature regimes from 1-15 d after pollination (DAP), namely normal day/normal night (control), hot day/normal night, normal day/hot night, and hot day/hot night. Compared to the control, the three high-temperature treatments inhibited kernel development and starch deposition. To understand how the kernels responded to high-temperature stress, their transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes were studied at 10 DAP and 25 DAP. This showed that genes and proteins related to kernel development and starch deposition were up- and down-regulated, respectively, at 10 DAP, but this pattern was reversed at 25 DAP. Metabolome profiling under high-temperature stress showed that the accumulation patterns of metabolites at 10 DAP and 25 DAP were inversely related. Our multiomics analyses indicated that the response to high-temperature stress of signaling pathways mediated by auxin, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid was more active at 10 DAP than at 25 DAP. These results confirmed that high-temperature stress during early kernel development has a carry-over effect on later development. Taken together, our multiomics profiles of developing kernels under high-temperature stress provide insights into the processes that underlie maize yield and quality under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
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Yang H, Lu D, Shen X, Cai X, Lu W. Heat Stress at Different Grain Filling Stages Affects Fresh Waxy Maize Grain Yield and Quality. Cereal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-07-14-0146-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuemei Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Lu D, Cai X, Zhao J, Shen X, Lu W. Effects of drought after pollination on grain yield and quality of fresh waxy maize. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:210-215. [PMID: 24771545 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waxy maize is consumed as a vegetable when harvested at fresh stage (23-26 days after pollination) in China. Fresh waxy maize is normally grown under rain-fed conditions and suffers drought frequently during plant growth. The effect of drought on grain development of fresh waxy maize is not known. RESULTS Two years of pot trials showed that drought decreased fresh grain number and weight, which consequently reduced fresh ear and grain yields, especially in Yunuo7. Moisture and starch contents in grains were not affected but protein content was increased under drought treatment in both varieties. Grain soluble sugar content response to drought was not affected in Suyunuo5 but was decreased in Yunuo7. Pasting and gelatinization temperatures, trough viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, gelatinization enthalpy and springiness of grain were little affected by drought. Drought decreased peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity and adhesiveness (absolute value), whereas it increased hardness. The retrogradation percentage was increased in both varieties in both years. CONCLUSION Drought after pollination decreased the fresh waxy maize yield. Grain quality was reduced through decreased peak viscosity and adhesiveness (absolute value), while its hardness and retrogradation percentage were increased, which might be due to the increased protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Lu D, Cai X, Yan F, Sun X, Wang X, Lu W. Effects of high temperature after pollination on physicochemical properties of waxy maize flour during grain development. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1416-1421. [PMID: 24122670 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waxy maize is grown in South China, where high temperatures frequently prevail. The effect of high-temperature stress on grain development of waxy maize is not known. RESULTS High temperature decreased the grain fresh weight and volume, and lowered the grain dry weight and water content after 22 days after pollination (DAP). Plants exposed to high temperature had low starch content, and high protein and soluble sugar contents at maturity. Starch iodine binding capacity and granule size were increased by heat stress at all grain-filling stages. The former parameter decreased, while the latter parameter increased gradually with grain development. High temperature increased the peak and breakdown viscosity before 30 DAP, but the value decreased at maturity. Pasting and gelatinization temperatures at different stages were increased by heat stress and gradually decreased with grain development under both high-temperature and control conditions. Gelatinization enthalpy increased initially but decreased after peaking at 22 DAP under both control and heat stress conditions. High temperature decreased gelatinization enthalpy after 10 DAP. Retrogradation percentage value increased with high temperature throughout grain development. CONCLUSION High temperature after pollination changes the dynamics of grain filling of waxy maize, which may underlie the observed changes in its pasting and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Lu D, Sun X, Yan F, Wang X, Xu R, Lu W. Effects of Heat Stress at Different Grain-Filling Phases on the Grain Yield and Quality of Waxy Maize. Cereal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-05-13-0083-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fabao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Renchao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Corresponding author. Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China. Phone: +86 514 87979377. E-mail:
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Beckles DM, Thitisaksakul M. How environmental stress affects starch composition and functionality in cereal endosperm. STARCH-STARKE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201300212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane M. Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of California; Davis CA USA
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Lu D, Sun X, Yan F, Wang X, Xu R, Lu W. Effects of high temperature during grain filling under control conditions on the physicochemical properties of waxy maize flour. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:302-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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