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Asha S, Kattupalli D, Vijayanathan M, Soniya EV. Identification of nitric oxide mediated defense signaling and its microRNA mediated regulation during Phytophthora capsici infection in black pepper. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:33-47. [PMID: 38435849 PMCID: PMC10901764 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide plays a significant role in the defense signaling during pathogen interaction in plants. Quick wilt disease is a devastating disease of black pepper, and leads to sudden mortality of pepper vines in plantations. In this study, the role of nitric oxide was studied during Phytophthora capsici infection in black pepper variety Panniyur-1. Nitric oxide was detected from the different histological sections of P. capsici infected leaves. Furthermore, the genome-wide transcriptome analysis characterized typical domain architect and structural features of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide associated 1 (NOA1) gene that are involved in nitric oxide biosynthesis in black pepper. Despite the upregulation of nitrate reductase (Pn1_NR), a reduced expression of Pn1_NOA1 was detected in the P. capsici infected black pepper leaf. Subsequent sRNAome-assisted in silico analysis revealed possible microRNA mediated regulation of Pn1_NOA mRNAs. Furthermore, sRNA/miRNA mediated cleavage on Pn1_NOA1 mRNA was validated through modified 5' RLM RACE experiments. Several hormone-responsive cis-regulatory elements involved in stress response was detected from the promoter regions of Pn_NOA1, Pn_NR1 and Pn_NR2 genes. Our results revealed the role of nitric oxide during stress response of P. capsici infection in black pepper, and key genes involved in nitric oxide biosynthesis and their post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01414-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Asha
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Plant Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Divya Kattupalli
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Plant Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
| | - Mallika Vijayanathan
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Plant Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
- Present Address: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark
| | - E. V. Soniya
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Plant Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India
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Tiwari R, Garg K, Senthil-Kumar M, Bisht NC. XLG2 and CORI3 function additively to regulate plant defense against the necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:616-631. [PMID: 37910396 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-bound heterotrimeric G-proteins in plants play a crucial role in defending against a broad range of pathogens. This study emphasizes the significance of Extra-large Gα protein 2 (XLG2), a plant-specific G-protein, in mediating the plant response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which infects over 600 plant species worldwide. Our analysis of Arabidopsis G-protein mutants showed that loss of XLG2 function increased susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum, accompanied by compromised accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) during pathogen infection. Overexpression of the XLG2 gene in xlg2 mutant plants resulted in higher resistance and increased JA accumulation during S. sclerotiorum infection. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) analysis on S. sclerotiorum infected Col-0 samples, using two different approaches, identified 201 XLG2-interacting proteins. The identified JA-biosynthetic and JA-responsive proteins had compromised transcript expression in the xlg2 mutant during pathogen infection. XLG2 was found to interact physically with a JA-responsive protein, Coronatine induced 1 (CORI3) in Co-IP, and confirmed using split firefly luciferase complementation and bimolecular fluorescent complementation assays. Additionally, genetic analysis revealed an additive effect of XLG2 and CORI3 on resistance against S. sclerotiorum, JA accumulation, and expression of the defense marker genes. Overall, our study reveals two independent pathways involving XLG2 and CORI3 in contributing resistance against S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Tiwari
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kajal Garg
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Naveen C Bisht
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Regmi R, Newman TE, Khentry Y, Kamphuis LG, Derbyshire MC. Genome-wide identification of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum small RNAs and their endogenous targets. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:582. [PMID: 37784009 PMCID: PMC10544508 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several phytopathogens produce small non-coding RNAs of approximately 18-30 nucleotides (nt) which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Commonly called small RNAs (sRNAs), these small molecules were also reported to be present in the necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. S. sclerotiorum causes diseases in more than 400 plant species, including the important oilseed crop Brassica napus. sRNAs can further be classified as microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Certain miRNAs can activate loci that produce further sRNAs; these secondary sRNA-producing loci are called 'phased siRNA' (PHAS) loci and have only been described in plants. To date, very few studies have characterized sRNAs and their endogenous targets in S. sclerotiorum. RESULTS We used Illumina sequencing to characterize sRNAs from fungal mycelial mats of S. sclerotiorum spread over B. napus leaves. In total, eight sRNA libraries were prepared from in vitro, 12 h post-inoculation (HPI), and 24 HPI mycelial mat samples. Cluster analysis identified 354 abundant sRNA clusters with reads of more than 100 Reads Per Million (RPM). Differential expression analysis revealed upregulation of 34 and 57 loci at 12 and 24 HPI, respectively, in comparison to in vitro samples. Among these, 25 loci were commonly upregulated. Altogether, 343 endogenous targets were identified from the major RNAs of 25 loci. Almost 88% of these targets were annotated as repeat element genes, while the remaining targets were non-repeat element genes. Fungal degradome reads confirmed cleavage of two transposable elements by one upregulated sRNA. Altogether, 24 milRNA loci were predicted with both mature and milRNA* (star) sequences; these are both criteria associated previously with experimentally verified miRNAs. Degradome sequencing data confirmed the cleavage of 14 targets. These targets were related to repeat element genes, phosphate acetyltransferases, RNA-binding factor, and exchange factor. A PHAS gene prediction tool identified 26 possible phased interfering loci with 147 phasiRNAs from the S. sclerotiorum genome, suggesting this pathogen might produce sRNAs that function similarly to miRNAs in higher eukaryotes. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insights into sRNA populations and add a new resource for the study of sRNAs in S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Regmi
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
- Present address: Microbiome for One Systems Health, CSIRO, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Toby E Newman
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Yuphin Khentry
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Lars G Kamphuis
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
| | - Mark C Derbyshire
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
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Shirai M, Eulgem T. Molecular interactions between the soilborne pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina and its host plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1264569. [PMID: 37780504 PMCID: PMC10539690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1264569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Mentioned for the first time in an article 1971, the occurrence of the term "Macrophomina phaseolina" has experienced a steep increase in the scientific literature over the past 15 years. Concurrently, incidences of M. phaseolina-caused crop diseases have been getting more frequent. The high levels of diversity and plasticity observed for M. phasolina genomes along with a rich equipment of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, secondary metabolites and putative virulence effectors as well as the unusual longevity of microsclerotia, their asexual reproduction structures, make this pathogen very difficult to control and crop protection against it very challenging. During the past years several studies have emerged reporting on host defense measures against M. phaseolina, as well as mechanisms of pathogenicity employed by this fungal pathogen. While most of these studies have been performed in crop systems, such as soybean or sesame, recently interactions of M. phaseolina with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been described. Collectively, results from various studies are hinting at a complex infection cycle of M. phaseolina, which exhibits an early biotrophic phase and switches to necrotrophy at later time points during the infection process. Consequently, responses of the hosts are complex and seem coordinated by multiple defense-associated phytohormones. However, at this point no robust and strong host defense mechanism against M. phaseolina has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Eulgem
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Yop GDS, Gair LHV, da Silva VS, Machado ACZ, Santiago DC, Tomaz JP. Abscisic Acid Is Involved in the Resistance Response of Arabidopsis thaliana Against Meloidogyne paranaensis. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2778-2783. [PMID: 36774560 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-22-1726-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a classical hormone involved in the plant defense against abiotic stresses, especially drought. However, its role in the defense response against biotic stresses is controversial: it can induce resistance to some pathogens but can also increase the susceptibility to other pathogens. Information regarding the effect of ABA on the relationship between plants and sedentary phytonematodes, such as Meloidogyne paranaensis, is scarce. In this study, we found that ABA changed the susceptibility level of Arabidopsis thaliana against M. paranaensis. The population of M. paranaensis was reduced by 58.3% with the exogenous application of ABA 24 h before the nematode inoculation, which demonstrated that ABA plays an important role in the preinfectional defense of A. thaliana against M. paranaensis. The increase in the nematode population density in the ABA biosynthesis mutant, aba2-1, corroborated the results observed with the exogenous application of ABA. The phytohormone did not show nematicide or nematostatic effects on M. paranaensis juveniles in in vitro tests, indicating that the response is linked to intrinsic plant factors, which was corroborated by the decrease in the number of nematodes in the abi4-1 mutant. This reduction indicates that the gene expression regulation by transcript factors is possibly related to regulatory cascades mediated by ABA in the response of A. thaliana against M. paranaensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victoria Stern da Silva
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IDR-Paraná, 86047-902 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juarez Pires Tomaz
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná - IDR-Paraná, 86047-902 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Guo H, Xu C, Wang F, Jiang L, Lei X, Zhang M, Li R, Lan X, Xia Z, Wang Z, Wu Y. Transcriptome sequencing and functional verification revealed the roles of exogenous magnesium in tobacco anti-PVY infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1232279. [PMID: 37577430 PMCID: PMC10414187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) infection causes necrosis and curling of leaves, which seriously affect the yield and quality of Solanaceous crops. The roles of nutrient elements in the regulation of plant resistance to virus infection has been widely reported, while the mechanisms are poorly studied. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that foliar spraying of MgSO4 could induce Nicotiana tabacum resistance to PVY by increasing the activity of defense-related enzymes. Consistent with the results, we found that exogenous magnesium (Mg) had a certain effect on N. tabacum anti-PVY infection. Meanwhile, Illumina RNA sequencing revealed that Mg induced resistance to PVY infection was mainly by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and transportation, nitrogen metabolism, Ca2+ signal transduction and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, we used virus-induced gene silencing assays to verify the function of homologs of five N. tabacum genes involved in above pathways in N. benthamiana. The results showed that NbTPS and NbGBE were conducive to PVY infection, while NbPPases and NbNR were related to resistance to PVY infection. These results suggested a novel strategy for resistance to PVY infection and provided a theoretical basis for virus-resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuantao Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Lianqiang Jiang
- Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Xichang, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingjin Zhang
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Lan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Xiao K, Qiao K, Cui W, Xu X, Pan H, Wang F, Wang S, Yang F, Xuan Y, Li A, Han X, Song Z, Liu J. Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals the importance of GmSWEET15 in soybean susceptibility to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1119016. [PMID: 36778863 PMCID: PMC9909833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is a disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum that causes incalculable losses in soybean yield each year. Considering the lack of effective resistance resources and the elusive resistance mechanisms, we are urged to develop resistance genes and explore their molecular mechanisms. Here, we found that loss of GmSWEET15 enhanced the resistance to S. sclerotiorum, and we explored the molecular mechanisms by which gmsweet15 mutant exhibit enhanced resistance to S. sclerotiorum by comparing transcriptome. At the early stage of inoculation, the wild type (WT) showed moderate defense response, whereas gmsweet15 mutant exhibited more extensive and intense transcription reprogramming. The gmsweet15 mutant enriched more biological processes, including the secretory pathway and tetrapyrrole metabolism, and it showed stronger changes in defense response, protein ubiquitination, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. The more intense and abundant transcriptional reprogramming of gmsweet15 mutant may explain how it effectively delayed colonization by S. sclerotiorum. In addition, we identified common and specific differentially expressed genes between WT and gmsweet15 mutant after inoculation with S. sclerotiorum, and gene sets and genes related to gmsweet15_24 h were identified through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Moreover, we constructed the protein-protein interaction network and gene co-expression networks and identified several groups of regulatory networks of gmsweet15 mutant in response to S. sclerotiorum, which will be helpful for the discovery of candidate functional genes. Taken together, our results elucidate molecular mechanisms of delayed colonization by S. sclerotiorum after loss of GmSWEET15 in soybean, and we propose novel resources for improving resistance to SSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunqin Xiao
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kaibin Qiao
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xun Xu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengting Wang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shoudong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anmo Li
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuojian Song
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Jinliang Liu,
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Kumar D, Ohri P. Say "NO" to plant stresses: Unravelling the role of nitric oxide under abiotic and biotic stress. Nitric Oxide 2023; 130:36-57. [PMID: 36460229 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic gaseous molecule, which plays different roles in different strata of organisms. Discovered as a neurotransmitter in animals, NO has now gained a significant place in plant signaling cascade. NO regulates plant growth and several developmental processes including germination, root formation, stomatal movement, maturation and defense in plants. Due to its gaseous state, it is unchallenging for NO to reach different parts of cell and counterpoise antioxidant pool. Various abiotic and biotic stresses act on plants and affect their growth and development. NO plays a pivotal role in alleviating toxic effects caused by various stressors by modulating oxidative stress, antioxidant defense mechanism, metal transport and ion homeostasis. It also modulates the activity of some transcriptional factors during stress conditions in plants. Besides its role during stress conditions, interaction of NO with other signaling molecules such as other gasotransmitters (hydrogen sulfide), phytohormones (abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, gibberellin, ethylene, brassinosteroids, cytokinins and auxin), ions, polyamines, etc. has been demonstrated. These interactions play vital role in alleviating plant stress by modulating defense mechanisms in plants. Taking all these aspects into consideration, the current review focuses on the role of NO and its interaction with other signaling molecules in regulating plant growth and development, particularly under stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Guimaraes PM, Quintana AC, Mota APZ, Berbert PS, Ferreira DDS, de Aguiar MN, Pereira BM, de Araújo ACG, Brasileiro ACM. Engineering Resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Using a Truncated NLR (TNx) and a Defense-Priming Gene. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3483. [PMID: 36559595 PMCID: PMC9786959 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The association of both cell-surface PRRs (Pattern Recognition Receptors) and intracellular receptor NLRs (Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat) in engineered plants have the potential to activate strong defenses against a broad range of pathogens. Here, we describe the identification, characterization, and in planta functional analysis of a novel truncated NLR (TNx) gene from the wild species Arachis stenosperma (AsTIR19), with a protein structure lacking the C-terminal LRR (Leucine Rich Repeat) domain involved in pathogen perception. Overexpression of AsTIR19 in tobacco plants led to a significant reduction in infection caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with a further reduction in pyramid lines containing an expansin-like B gene (AdEXLB8) potentially involved in defense priming. Transcription analysis of tobacco transgenic lines revealed induction of hormone defense pathways (SA; JA-ET) and PRs (Pathogenesis-Related proteins) production. The strong upregulation of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RbohD) gene in the pyramid lines suggests its central role in mediating immune responses in plants co-expressing the two transgenes, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production enhanced by AdEXLB8 cues leading to stronger defense response. Here, we demonstrate that the association of potential priming elicitors and truncated NLRs can produce a synergistic effect on fungal resistance, constituting a promising strategy for improved, non-specific resistance to plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Messenberg Guimaraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Zotta Mota
- INRAE, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Cristina Miranda Brasileiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia 70770-917, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Plant Stress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, Brazil
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Determination of Reactive Oxygen or Nitrogen Species and Novel Volatile Organic Compounds in the Defense Responses of Tomato Plants against Botrytis cinerea Induced by Trichoderma virens TRS 106. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193051. [PMID: 36231012 PMCID: PMC9563596 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Trichoderma virens TRS 106 decreased grey mould disease caused by Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants (S. lycopersicum L.) by enhancing their defense responses. Generally, plants belonging to the ‘Remiz’ variety, which were infected more effectively by B. cinerea than ‘Perkoz’ plants, generated more reactive molecules such as superoxide (O2−) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), S-nitrosothiols (SNO), and green leaf volatiles (GLV). Among the new findings, histochemical analyses revealed that B. cinerea infection caused nitric oxide (NO) accumulation in chloroplasts, which was not detected in plants treated with TRS 106, while treatment of plants with TRS 106 caused systemic spreading of H2O2 and NO accumulation in apoplast and nuclei. SPME-GCxGC TOF-MS analysis revealed 24 volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plants treated with TRS 106. Some of the hexanol derivatives, e.g., 4-ethyl-2-hexynal and 1,5-hexadien-3-ol, and salicylic acid derivatives, e.g., 4-hepten-2-yl and isoamyl salicylates, are considered in the protection of tomato plants against B. cinerea for the first time. The results are valuable for further studies aiming to further determine the location and function of NO in plants treated with Trichoderma and check the contribution of detected VOC in plant protection against B. cinerea.
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Gao X, Dang X, Yan F, Li Y, Xu J, Tian S, Li Y, Huang K, Lin W, Lin D, Wang Z, Wang A. ANGUSTIFOLIA negatively regulates resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum via modulation of PTI and JA signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1091-1106. [PMID: 35426480 PMCID: PMC9276947 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating pathogen that infects a broad range of host plants. The mechanism underlying plant defence against fungal invasion is still not well characterized. Here, we report that ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN), a CtBP family member, plays a role in the defence against S. sclerotiorum attack. Arabidopsis an mutants exhibited stronger resistance to S. sclerotiorum at the early stage of infection than wild-type plants. Accordingly, an mutants exhibited stronger activation of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) responses, including mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, callose deposition, and the expression of PTI-responsive genes, upon treatment with PAMPs/microbe-associated molecular patterns. Moreover, Arabidopsis lines overexpressing AN were more susceptible to S. sclerotiorum and showed defective PTI responses. Our luminometry, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, coimmunoprecipitation, and in vitro pull-down assays indicate that AN interacts with allene oxide cyclases (AOC), essential enzymes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, negatively regulating JA biosynthesis in response to S. sclerotiorum infection. This work reveals AN is a negative regulator of the AOC-mediated JA signalling pathway and PTI activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xie Dang
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Fengting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yuhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Shifu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yaling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Deshu Lin
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology CenterInstitute of OceanographyMinjiang UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Airong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsCollege of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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12
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Derbyshire MC, Newman TE, Khentry Y, Owolabi Taiwo A. The evolutionary and molecular features of the broad-host-range plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1075-1090. [PMID: 35411696 PMCID: PMC9276942 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a pathogenic fungus that infects hundreds of plant species, including many of the world's most important crops. Key features of S. sclerotiorum include its extraordinary host range, preference for dicotyledonous plants, relatively slow evolution, and production of protein effectors that are active in multiple host species. Plant resistance to this pathogen is highly complex, typically involving numerous polymorphisms with infinitesimally small effects, which makes resistance breeding a major challenge. Due to its economic significance, S. sclerotiorum has been subjected to a large amount of molecular and evolutionary research. In this updated pathogen profile, we review the evolutionary and molecular features of S. sclerotiorum and discuss avenues for future research into this important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Derbyshire
- Centre for Crop and Disease ManagementSchool of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Toby E. Newman
- Centre for Crop and Disease ManagementSchool of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Yuphin Khentry
- Centre for Crop and Disease ManagementSchool of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Akeem Owolabi Taiwo
- Centre for Crop and Disease ManagementSchool of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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13
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Mwape VW, Khoo KHP, Chen K, Khentry Y, Newman TE, Derbyshire MC, Mather DE, Kamphuis LG. Identification of Sclerotinia stem rot resistance quantitative trait loci in a chickpea ( Cicer arietinum) recombinant inbred line population. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:634-646. [PMID: 35339205 DOI: 10.1071/fp21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , is one of the most economically devastating diseases in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). No complete resistance is available in chickpea to this disease, and the inheritance of partial resistance is not understood. Two hundred F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a partially resistant variety PBA HatTrick, and a highly susceptible variety Kyabra were characterised for their responses to SSR inoculation. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted for the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) after RIL infection with S. sclerotiorum . Four QTLs on chromosomes, Ca4 (qSSR4-1, qSSR4-2), Ca6 (qSSR6-1) and Ca7 (qSSR7-1), individually accounted for between 4.2 and 15.8% of the total estimated phenotypic variation for the response to SSR inoculation. Candidate genes located in these QTL regions are predicted to be involved in a wide range of processes, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction. This is the first study investigating the inheritance of resistance to S. sclerotiorum in chickpea. Markers associated with the identified QTLs could be employed for marker-assisted selection in chickpea breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia W Mwape
- Centre for Crop Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA 6913, Australia
| | - Kelvin H P Khoo
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Kefei Chen
- Statistics for the Australian Grains Industry - West, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Yuphin Khentry
- Centre for Crop Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Toby E Newman
- Centre for Crop Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Mark C Derbyshire
- Centre for Crop Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Diane E Mather
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Lars G Kamphuis
- Centre for Crop Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Floreat, WA 6913, Australia
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14
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Huang S, Tang Z, Zhao R, Hong Y, Zhu S, Fan R, Ding K, Cao M, Luo K, Geng M, Jiang L, Chen Y. Genome-wide identification of cassava MeRboh genes and functional analysis in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:296-308. [PMID: 34391202 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) gene family encodes NADPH oxidases, and plays important roles in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plant signaling, growth and stress responses. Cassava is an important starchy crops in tropical region. Environmental stresses, such as drought, pathogen, have caused great yield loss. The mechanisms of stress response are little known in MeRBOH family of cassava. Investigation of Rboh genes response to disease may provide a clue for clarification the disease resistance mechanisms. In this study, eight MeRboh genes were identified from the cassava genome. Comparisons of gene structure, protein motifs, and a phylogenetic tree showed conservation of Rboh gene families in cassava, Arabidopsis and rice. Transcript levels of most MeRboh genes increased following treatment with a pathogen, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, or with phytohormones salicylic acid or jasmonic acid. Analysis of cis-acting elements also indicated that MeRboh genes could response to light, hormone, abiotic and biotic stress. Prediction of miRNA target and post-translation modification sites of MeRboh suggested possible regulations of miRNA and protein phosphorylation; and transient expression of MeRboh in cassava protoplasts confirmed their localization on plasma membrane. Expression of MeRbohB, MeRbohF partially complemented PAMP responses in Arabidopsis rboh mutants, including the expression of PTI marker FRK1, ROS production, peroxide accumulation and callose deposition. It suggesting that MeRbohB and MeRbohF may participate in the PTI pathway and contributed to ROS production triggered by pathogens. Moreover, overexpression of MeRbohB and MeRbohF enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Together, these results suggest the evolutionary conservation of MeRboh gene family and their important role in the immune response and in regulating the plant disease resistance, providing a foundation for revealing molecular mechanisms of cassava disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Huang
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Zhijuan Tang
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Yuhui Hong
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Shousong Zhu
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Ruochen Fan
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Kaixuan Ding
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Min Cao
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Kai Luo
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Mengting Geng
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Yinhua Chen
- School of life science, Hainan University; Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
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15
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Mwape VW, Khentry Y, Newman TE, Denton-Giles M, Derbyshire MC, Chen K, Berger J, Kamphuis LG. Identification of Sources of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Resistance in a Collection of Wild Cicer Germplasm. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2314-2324. [PMID: 33851865 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-21-0367-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important fungal pathogen of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and it can cause yield losses up to 100%. The wild progenitors are much more diverse than domesticated chickpea, and this study describes how this relates to S. sclerotiorum resistance. Initially, the pathogenicity of nine Australian S. sclerotiorum isolates was examined on three Cicer lines to develop a robust phenotyping assay, and significant differences in isolate aggressiveness were identified with six isolates being classed as highly aggressive and three as moderately aggressive. We identified two S. sclerotiorum isolates, CU8.20 and CU10.12, to be highly aggressive and moderately aggressive, respectively. A subsequent phenotyping assay was conducted using the two isolates to evaluate 86 wild Cicer accessions (Cicer reticulatum and Cicer echinospermum) and two C. arietinum varieties for resistance to S. sclerotiorum. A subset of 12 genotypes was further evaluated, and subsequently, two wild Cicer accessions with consistently high levels of resistance to S. sclerotiorum were examined using the initially characterized nine isolates. Wild Cicer accessions Karab_084 and Deste_063 demonstrated consistent partial resistance to S. sclerotiorum. There were significant differences in responses to S. sclerotiorum across wild Cicer collection sites. The Cermik, Karabahce, and Destek sites' responses to the aggressive isolate CU8.20 ranged from resistant to susceptible, highlighting an interaction between isolate genotype and chickpea collection site for sclerotinia stem rot resistance. This is the first evidence of partial stem resistance identified in wild Cicer germplasm, which can be adopted in chickpea breeding programs to enhance S. sclerotiorum resistance in future chickpea varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia W Mwape
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Floreat, WA 6104, Australia
| | - Yuphin Khentry
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Toby E Newman
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Matthew Denton-Giles
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Mark C Derbyshire
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Kefei Chen
- Statistics for the Australian Grains Industry-West, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Jens Berger
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Floreat, WA 6104, Australia
| | - Lars G Kamphuis
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Floreat, WA 6104, Australia
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16
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Brasileiro ACM, Lacorte C, Pereira BM, Oliveira TN, Ferreira DS, Mota APZ, Saraiva MAP, Araujo ACG, Silva LP, Guimaraes PM. Ectopic expression of an expansin-like B gene from wild Arachis enhances tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1681-1696. [PMID: 34231270 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant expansins are structural cell wall-loosening proteins implicated in several developmental processes and responses to environmental constraints and pathogen infection. To date, there is limited information about the biological function of expansins-like B (EXLBs), one of the smallest and less-studied subfamilies of plant expansins. In the present study, we conducted a functional analysis of the wild Arachis AdEXLB8 gene in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants to clarify its putative role in mediating defense responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. First, its cell wall localization was confirmed in plants expressing an AdEXLB8:eGFP fusion protein, while nanomechanical assays indicated cell wall reorganization and reassembly due to AdEXLB8 overexpression without compromising the phenotype. We further demonstrated that AdEXLB8 increased tolerance not only to isolated abiotic (drought) and biotic (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Meloidogyne incognita) stresses but also to their combination. The jasmonate and abscisic acid signaling pathways were clearly favored in transgenic plants, showing an activated antioxidative defense system. In addition to modifications in the biomechanical properties of the cell wall, we propose that AdEXLB8 overexpression interferes with phytohormone dynamics leading to a defense primed state, which culminates in plant defense responses against isolated and combined abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna M Pereira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thais N Oliveira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Deziany S Ferreira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana P Z Mota
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Ana C G Araujo
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luciano P Silva
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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17
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Wang Y, Mostafa S, Zeng W, Jin B. Function and Mechanism of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8568. [PMID: 34445272 PMCID: PMC8395333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must tolerate various environmental stresses. Plant hormones play vital roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these hormones, jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors and derivatives (jasmonates, JAs) play important roles in the mediation of plant responses and defenses to biotic and abiotic stresses and have received extensive research attention. Although some reviews of JAs are available, this review focuses on JAs in the regulation of plant stress responses, as well as JA synthesis, metabolism, and signaling pathways. We summarize recent progress in clarifying the functions and mechanisms of JAs in plant responses to abiotic stresses (drought, cold, salt, heat, and heavy metal toxicity) and biotic stresses (pathogen, insect, and herbivore). Meanwhile, the crosstalk of JA with various other plant hormones regulates the balance between plant growth and defense. Therefore, we review the crosstalk of JAs with other phytohormones, including auxin, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Finally, we discuss current issues and future opportunities in research into JAs in plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (S.M.); (W.Z.)
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18
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Yan Y, Wang P, Wei Y, Bai Y, Lu Y, Zeng H, Liu G, Reiter RJ, He C, Shi H. The dual interplay of RAV5 in activating nitrate reductases and repressing catalase activity to improve disease resistance in cassava. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:785-800. [PMID: 33128298 PMCID: PMC8051611 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) seriously affects cassava yield. Nitrate reductase (NR) plays an important role in plant nitrogen metabolism in plants. However, the in vivo role of NR and the corresponding signalling pathway remain unclear in cassava. In this study, we isolated MeNR1/2 and revealed their novel upstream transcription factor MeRAV5. We also identified MeCatalase1 (MeCAT1) as the interacting protein of MeRAV5. In addition, we investigated the role of MeCatalase1 and MeRAV5-MeNR1/2 module in cassava defence response. MeNRs positively regulates cassava disease resistance against CBB through modulation of nitric oxide (NO) and extensive transcriptional reprogramming especially in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. Notably, MeRAV5 positively regulates cassava disease resistance through the coordination of NO and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) level. On the one hand, MeRAV5 directly activates the transcripts of MeNRs and NO level by binding to CAACA motif in the promoters of MeNRs. On the other hand, MeRAV5 interacts with MeCAT1 to inhibit its activity, so as to negatively regulate endogenous H2 O2 level. This study highlights the precise coordination of NR activity and CAT activity by MeRAV5 through directly activating MeNRs and interacting with MeCAT1 in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Peng Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yujing Bai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yi Lu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Hongqiu Zeng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Guoyin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Anatomy and Cell SystemUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
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19
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Pande A, Mun BG, Lee DS, Khan M, Lee GM, Hussain A, Yun BW. NO Network for Plant-Microbe Communication Underground: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:658679. [PMID: 33815456 PMCID: PMC8010196 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.658679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms governing plant-microbe interaction in the rhizosphere attracted a lot of investigative attention in the last decade. The rhizosphere is not simply a source of nutrients and support for the plants; it is rather an ecosystem teeming with diverse flora and fauna including different groups of microbes that are useful as well as harmful for the plants. Plant-microbe interaction occurs via a highly complex communication network that involves sophisticated machinery for the recognition of friend and foe at both sides. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) is a key, signaling molecule involved in plant development and defense. Studies on legume-rhizobia symbiosis suggest the involvement of NO during recognition, root hair curling, development of infection threads, nodule development, and nodule senescence. A similar role of NO is also suggested in the case of plant interaction with the mycorrhizal fungi. Another, insight into the plant-microbe interaction in the rhizosphere comes from the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)/microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by the host plant and thereby NO-mediated activation of the defense signaling cascade. Thus, NO plays a major role in mediating the communication between plants and microbes in the rhizosphere. Interestingly, reports suggesting the role of silicon in increasing the number of nodules, enhancing nitrogen fixation, and also the combined effect of silicon and NO may indicate a possibility of their interaction in mediating microbial communication underground. However, the exact role of NO in mediating plant-microbe interaction remains elusive. Therefore, understanding the role of NO in underground plant physiology is very important, especially in relation to the plant's interaction with the rhizospheric microbiome. This will help devise new strategies for protection against phytopathogens and enhancing plant productivity by promoting symbiotic interaction. This review focuses on the role of NO in plant-microbe communication underground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pande
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Murtaza Khan
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Geun-Mo Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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20
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Chen J, Ullah C, Giddings Vassão D, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Hammerbacher A. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Infection Triggers Changes in Primary and Secondary Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:559-569. [PMID: 32876531 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-20-0146-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating plant pathogen that causes substantial losses in various agricultural crops. Although plants have developed some well-known defense mechanisms against invasive fungi, much remains to be learned about plant responses to fungal pathogens. In this study, we investigated how S. sclerotiorum infection affects plant primary and secondary metabolism in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results showed that soluble sugar and amino acid content changed significantly in A. thaliana leaves upon fungal colonization, with a decrease in sucrose and an increase in mannitol, attributed to fungal biosynthesis. Furthermore, the jasmonate signaling pathway was rapidly activated by S. sclerotiorum infection, and there was a striking accumulation of antifungal metabolites such as camalexin, p-coumaroyl agmatine, feruloyl agmatine, and Nδ-acetylornithine. On the other hand, the characteristic defense compounds of the Brassicaceae, the glucosinolates, were not induced in A. thaliana infected by S. sclerotiorum. Our study provides a better understanding of how A. thaliana primary and secondary metabolism is modified during infection by a fungal pathogen like S. sclerotiorum that has both hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - C Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - D Giddings Vassão
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - J Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - A Hammerbacher
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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21
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Jedelská T, Luhová L, Petřivalský M. Nitric oxide signalling in plant interactions with pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:848-863. [PMID: 33367760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species have emerged as crucial signalling and regulatory molecules across all organisms. In plants, fungi, and fungi-like oomycetes, NO is involved in the regulation of multiple processes during their growth, development, reproduction, responses to the external environment, and biotic interactions. It has become evident that NO is produced and used as a signalling and defence cue by both partners in multiple forms of plant interactions with their microbial counterparts, ranging from symbiotic to pathogenic modes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of NO in plant-pathogen interactions, focused on biotrophic, necrotrophic, and hemibiotrophic fungi and oomycetes. Actual advances and gaps in the identification of NO sources and fate in plant and pathogen cells are discussed. We review the decisive role of time- and site-specific NO production in germination, oriented growth, and active penetration by filamentous pathogens of the host tissues, as well in pathogen recognition, and defence activation in plants. Distinct functions of NO in diverse interactions of host plants with fungal and oomycete pathogens of different lifestyles are highlighted, where NO in interplay with reactive oxygen species governs successful plant colonization, cell death, and establishment of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Jedelská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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22
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Differential Alternative Splicing Genes and Isoform Regulation Networks of Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) Infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070784. [PMID: 32668742 PMCID: PMC7397149 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a post-transcriptional level of gene expression regulation that increases transcriptome and proteome diversity. How the AS landscape of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) changes in response to the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is unknown. Here, we analyzed 18 RNA-seq libraries of mock-inoculated and S. sclerotiorum-inoculated susceptible and tolerant B. napus plants. We found that infection increased AS, with intron retention being the main AS event. To determine the key genes functioning in the AS response, we performed a differential AS (DAS) analysis. We identified 79 DAS genes, including those encoding splicing factors, defense response proteins, crucial transcription factors and enzymes. We generated coexpression networks based on the splicing isoforms, rather than the genes, to explore the genes’ diverse functions. Using this weighted gene coexpression network analysis alongside a gene ontology enrichment analysis, we identified 11 modules putatively involved in the pathogen defense response. Within these regulatory modules, six DAS genes (ascorbate peroxidase 1, ser/arg-rich protein 34a, unknown function 1138, nitrilase 2, v-atpase f, and amino acid transporter 1) were considered to encode key isoforms involved in the defense response. This study provides insight into the post-transcriptional response of B. napus to S. sclerotiorum infection.
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Barbacci A, Navaud O, Mbengue M, Barascud M, Godiard L, Khafif M, Lacaze A, Raffaele S. Rapid identification of an Arabidopsis NLR gene as a candidate conferring susceptibility to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using time-resolved automated phenotyping. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:903-917. [PMID: 32170798 PMCID: PMC7497225 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The broad host range necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating pathogen of many oil and vegetable crops. Plant genes conferring complete resistance against S. sclerotiorum have not been reported. Instead, plant populations challenged by S. sclerotiorum exhibit a continuum of partial resistance designated as quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Because of their complex interplay and their small phenotypic effect, the functional characterization of QDR genes remains limited. How broad host range necrotrophic fungi manipulate plant programmed cell death is for instance largely unknown. Here, we designed a time-resolved automated disease phenotyping pipeline enabling high-throughput disease lesion measurement with high resolution, low footprint at low cost. We could accurately recover contrasted disease responses in several pathosystems using this system. We used our phenotyping pipeline to assess the kinetics of disease symptoms caused by seven S. sclerotiorum isolates on six A. thaliana natural accessions with unprecedented resolution. Large effect polymorphisms common to the most resistant A. thaliana accessions identified highly divergent alleles of the nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat gene LAZ5 in the resistant accessions Rubezhnoe and Lip-0. We show that impaired LAZ5 expression in laz5.1 mutant lines and in A. thaliana Rub natural accession correlate with enhanced QDR to S. sclerotiorum. These findings illustrate the value of time-resolved image-based phenotyping for unravelling the genetic bases of complex traits such as QDR. Our results suggest that S. sclerotiorum manipulates plant sphingolipid pathways guarded by LAZ5 to trigger programmed cell death and cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelin Barbacci
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Olivier Navaud
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Malick Mbengue
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Marielle Barascud
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Laurence Godiard
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Mehdi Khafif
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Aline Lacaze
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
| | - Sylvain Raffaele
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM)Université de ToulouseINRAECNRS24 chemin de Borde Rouge - Auzeville CS 52627 F31326Castanet TolosanCedexFrance
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24
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Wang Z, Ma LY, Li X, Zhao FY, Sarwar R, Cao J, Li YL, Ding LN, Zhu KM, Yang YH, Tan XL. Genome-wide identification of the NPR1-like gene family in Brassica napus and functional characterization of BnaNPR1 in resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:709-722. [PMID: 32140767 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The BnaNPR1-like gene family was identified in B. napus, and it was revealed that repression of BnaNPR1 significantly reduces resistance toS. sclerotiorum, intensifies ROS accumulation, and changes the expression of genes associated with SA and JA/ET signaling in response to this pathogen. The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) and related NPR1-like genes play an important role in regulating plant defense. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important oilseed crop; however, little is known about the B. napus (Bna) NPR1-like gene family. Here, a total of 19 BnaNPR1-like genes were identified in the B. napus genome, and then named according to their respective best match in Arabidopsis thaliana (At), which led to the determination of B. napus homologs of every AtNPR1-like gene. Analysis of important protein domains and functional motifs indicated the conservation and variation among these homologs. Phylogenetic analysis of these BnaNPR1-like proteins and their Arabidopsis homologs revealed six distinct sub-clades, consequently indicating that their name classification totally conformed to their phylogenetic relationships. Further, B. napus transcriptomic data showed that the expression of three BnaNPR1s was significantly down-regulated in response to infection with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the most important pathogen of this crop, whereas BnaNPR2/3/4/5/6s did not show the expression differences in general. Further, we generated B. napus BnaNPR1-RNAi lines to interpret the effect of the down-regulated expression of BnaNPR1s on resistance to S. sclerotiorum. The results showed that BnaNPR1-RNAi significantly decreased this resistance. Further experiments revealed that BnaNPR1-RNAi intensified ROS production and changed defense responses in the interaction of plants with this pathogen. These results indicated that S. sclerotiorum might use BnaNPR1 to regulate specific physiological processes of B. napus, such as ROS production and SA defense response, for the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yue Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yun Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Rehman Sarwar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Ding
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Ming Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Sucher J, Mbengue M, Dresen A, Barascud M, Didelon M, Barbacci A, Raffaele S. Phylotranscriptomics of the Pentapetalae Reveals Frequent Regulatory Variation in Plant Local Responses to the Fungal Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1820-1844. [PMID: 32265317 PMCID: PMC7268813 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a conserved form of plant immunity that limits infections caused by a broad range of pathogens. QDR has a complex genetic determinism. The extent to which molecular components of the QDR response vary across plant species remains elusive. The fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of white mold diseases on hundreds of plant species, triggers QDR in host populations. To document the diversity of local responses to S. sclerotiorum at the molecular level, we analyzed the complete transcriptomes of six species spanning the Pentapetalae (Phaseolus vulgaris, Ricinus communis, Arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana], Helianthus annuus, Solanum lycopersicum, and Beta vulgaris) inoculated with the same strain of S. sclerotiorum About one-third of plant transcriptomes responded locally to S. sclerotiorum, including a high proportion of broadly conserved genes showing frequent regulatory divergence at the interspecific level. Evolutionary inferences suggested a trend toward the acquisition of gene induction relatively recently in several lineages. Focusing on a group of ABCG transporters, we propose that exaptation by regulatory divergence contributed to the evolution of QDR. This evolutionary scenario has implications for understanding the QDR spectrum and durability. Our work provides resources for functional studies of gene regulation and QDR molecular mechanisms across the Pentapetalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Sucher
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environement (INRAE) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Malick Mbengue
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environement (INRAE) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Axel Dresen
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environement (INRAE) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Marielle Barascud
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environement (INRAE) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Marie Didelon
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environement (INRAE) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Adelin Barbacci
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environement (INRAE) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Sylvain Raffaele
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'alimentation et l'Environement (INRAE) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
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Didelon M, Khafif M, Godiard L, Barbacci A, Raffaele S. Patterns of Sequence and Expression Diversification Associate Members of the PADRE Gene Family With Response to Fungal Pathogens. Front Genet 2020; 11:491. [PMID: 32547597 PMCID: PMC7272662 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen infection triggers extensive reprogramming of the plant transcriptome, including numerous genes the function of which is unknown. Due to their wide taxonomic distribution, genes encoding proteins with Domains of Unknown Function (DUFs) activated upon pathogen challenge likely play important roles in disease. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified thirteen genes harboring a DUF4228 domain in the top 10% most induced genes after infection by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Based on functional information collected through homology and contextual searches, we propose to refer to this domain as the pathogen and abiotic stress response, cadmium tolerance, disordered region-containing (PADRE) domain. Genome-wide and phylogenetic analyses indicated that PADRE is specific to plants and diversified into 10 subfamilies early in the evolution of Angiosperms. PADRE typically occurs in small single-domain proteins with a bipartite architecture. PADRE N-terminus harbors conserved sequence motifs, while its C-terminus includes an intrinsically disordered region with multiple phosphorylation sites. A pangenomic survey of PADRE genes expression upon S. sclerotiorum inoculation in Arabidopsis, castor bean, and tomato indicated consistent expression across species within phylogenetic groups. Multi-stress expression profiling and co-expression network analyses associated AtPADRE genes with the induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis and responses to chitin and to hypoxia. Our analyses reveal patterns of sequence and expression diversification consistent with the evolution of a role in disease resistance for an uncharacterized family of plant genes. These findings highlight PADRE genes as prime candidates for the functional dissection of mechanisms underlying plant disease resistance to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sylvain Raffaele
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Castanet-Tolosan, France
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27
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The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Plant Susceptibility to Pests: A Mini Opinion Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050632. [PMID: 32423165 PMCID: PMC7285366 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants are subject to multiple pest attacks during their growing cycle. In order to address consumers' desire to buy healthy vegetables and fruits, i.e., without chemical residues, and to develop environment-friendly agriculture, major research efforts are being made to find alternative methods to reduce or suppress the use of chemicals. Many methods are currently being tested. Among these methods, some are being tested in order to modify plant physiology to render it less susceptible to pathogen and pest attacks by developing plant immunity. An emerging potentially interesting method that is being studied at this time is mechanical stimuli (MS). Although the number of articles on the effect of MS on plant immunity is still not large, it has been reported that several types of mechanical stimuli induce a reduction of plant susceptibility to pests for different plant species in the case of wounding and non-wounding stimuli. This mini review aims to summarize the knowledge available at this time by raising questions that should be addressed before considering MS as an operable alternative method to increase plant immunity for crop protection.
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Cao JY, Xu YP, Cai XZ. Integrated miRNAome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Argonaute 2-Mediated Defense Responses Against the Devastating Phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:500. [PMID: 32411168 PMCID: PMC7201365 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Argonaute 2 (AGO2)-mediated role in plant defense against fungal pathogens remains largely unknown. In this study, integrated miRNAome and transcriptome analysis employing ago2 mutant was performed to reveal AGO2-associated miRNAs and defense responses against the devastating necrotrophic phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Both miRNAome and transcriptomes of S. sclerotiorum-inoculated ago2-1 mutant (ago2-Ss) and wild-type (WT-Ss) as well as mock-inoculated ago2-1 mutant (ago2) and wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis plants, were analyzed by sRNA and mRNA deep sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) of the comparisons WT-Ss/WT, ago2/WT, ago2-Ss/WT-Ss, and ago2-Ss/ago2 were identified. Furthermore, integration analysis for the DEMs and DEGs identified over 40 potential AGO2-dependent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-responsive (ATSR) DEM-DEG pairs involving modulation of immune recognition, calcium flux, redox homeostasis, hormone accumulation and signaling, cell wall modification and metal ion homeostasis. Data-mining result indicated that most of the DEMs were bound with AGO2. Moreover, Arabidopsis mutant analysis demonstrated that three ROS and redox homeostatasis related DEGs of identified DEM-DEG pairs, GSTU2, GSTU5, and RBOHF contributed to the AGO2-mediated defense against S. sclerotiorum. This work provides genome-wide prediction of miRNA-target gene pairs that are potentially associated with the AGO2-dependent resistance against S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Pathogen and Insect Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education of China, Ningbo, China
| | - You-Ping Xu
- Centre of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Pathogen and Insect Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Lu R, Liu Z, Shao Y, Su J, Li X, Sun F, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Cui J, Zhou Y, Shen W, Zhou T. Nitric Oxide Enhances Rice Resistance to Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus Infection. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:24. [PMID: 32291541 PMCID: PMC7156532 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) causes one of the most important rice virus diseases of plants in East Asia. However, molecular mechanism(s)controlling rice resistance to infection is largely unknown. RESULTS In this paper, we showed that RBSDV infection in rice significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) production. This finding was further validated through a genetic approach using a RBSDV susceptible (Nipponbare) and a RBSDV resistant (15HPO187) cultivar. The production of endogenous NO was muchhigher in the 15HPO187 plants, leading to a much lower RBSDV disease incidence. Pharmacological studies showed that the applications of NO-releasingcompounds (i.e., sodium nitroprusside [SNP] and nitrosoglutathione [GSNO]) to rice plants reduced RBSDV disease incidence. After RBSDV infection, the levels of OsICS1, OsPR1b and OsWRKY 45 transcripts were significantly up-regulated by NO in Nipponbare. The increased salicylic acid contents were also observed. After the SNP treatment, protein S-nitrosylation in rice plants was also increased, suggesting that the NO-triggered resistance to RBSDV infection was partially mediated at the post-translational level. Although Osnia2 mutant rice produced less endogenous NO after RBSDV inoculation and showed a higher RBSDV disease incidence, its RBSDV susceptibility could be reduced by SNP treatment. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our genetic and molecular evidence revealed that endogenous NO was a vital signal responsible for rice resistance to RBSDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yudong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiuchang Su
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuejuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China.
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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30
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Li R, Sheng J, Shen L. Nitric Oxide Plays an Important Role in β-Aminobutyric Acid-Induced Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Plants. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:121-132. [PMID: 32296292 PMCID: PMC7143515 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.11.2019.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) has consistently been reported to enhance plant immunity. However, the specific mechanisms and downstream components that mediate this resistance are not yet agreed upon. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signal molecule involved in a diverse range of physiological processes, and whether NO is involved in BABA-induced resistance is interesting. In this study, treatment with BABA significantly increased NO accumulation and reduced the sensitivity to Botrytis cinerea in tomato plants. BABA treatment reduced physical signs of infection and increased both the transcription of key defense marker genes and the activity of defensive enzymes. Interestingly, compared to treatment with BABA alone, treatment with BABA plus cPTIO (NO specific scavenger) not only significantly reduced NO accumulation, but also increased disease incidence and lesion area. These results suggest that NO accumulation plays an important role in BABA-induced resistance against B. cinerea in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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31
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Zhao Y, Lim J, Xu J, Yu J, Zheng W. Nitric oxide as a developmental and metabolic signal in filamentous fungi. Mol Microbiol 2020; 113:872-882. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
| | - Jieyin Lim
- Departments of Bacteriology and Genetics Food Research Institute University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Jianyang Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine General Hospital of Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
| | - Jae‐Hyuk Yu
- Departments of Bacteriology and Genetics Food Research Institute University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
- Department of Systems Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Weifa Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
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32
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Wang Z, Zhao FY, Tang MQ, Chen T, Bao LL, Cao J, Li YL, Yang YH, Zhu KM, Liu S, Tan XL. BnaMPK6 is a determinant of quantitative disease resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in oilseed rape. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110362. [PMID: 31928657 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes a devastating disease in oilseed rape (Brassica napus), resulting in major economic losses. Resistance response of B. napus against S. sclerotiorum exhibits a typical quantitative disease resistance (QDR) characteristic, but the molecular determinants of this QDR are largely unknown. In this study, we isolated a B. napus mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, BnaMPK6, and found that BnaMPK6 expression is highly responsive to infection by S. sclerotiorum and treatment with salicylic acid (SA) or jasmonic acid (JA). Moreover, overexpression (OE) of BnaMPK6 significantly enhances resistance to S. sclerotiorum, whereas RNAi in BnaMPK6 significantly reduces this resistance. These results showed that BnaMPK6 plays an important role in defense to S. sclerotiorum. Furthermore, expression of defense genes associated with SA-, JA- and ethylene (ET)-mediated signaling was investigated in BnaMPK6-RNAi, WT and BnaMPK6-OE plants after S. sclerotiorum infection, and consequently, it was indicated that the activation of ET signaling by BnaMPK6 may play a role in the defense. Further, four BnaMPK6-encoding homologous loci were mapped in the B. napus genome. Using the allele analysis and expression analysis on the four loci, we demonstrated that the locus BnaA03.MPK6 makes an important contribution to QDR against S. sclerotiorum. Our data indicated that BnaMPK6 is a previously unknown determinant of QDR against S. sclerotiorum in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301#Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Feng-Yun Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301#Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Min-Qiang Tang
- The Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301#Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Ling-Li Bao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301#Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Jun Cao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301#Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301#Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yan-Hua Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301#Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Ke-Ming Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301#Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- The Oil Crops Research Institute (OCRI) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301#Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
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Lu R, Liu Z, Shao Y, Sun F, Zhang Y, Cui J, Zhou Y, Shen W, Zhou T. Melatonin is responsible for rice resistance to rice stripe virus infection through a nitric oxide-dependent pathway. Virol J 2019; 16:141. [PMID: 31752902 PMCID: PMC6869260 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes one of the most important rice virus diseases of plants in East Asia. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling rice resistance to RSV infection are largely unknown. Recently, several studies presented a novel model that melatonin (MT) and nitric oxide (NO) participate in the plant-pathogen interaction in a synergetic manner. In this study, there was a difference in MT content between two rice varieties that correlated with one being susceptible and one being resistant to RSV, which suggested that MT is related to RSV resistance. In addition, a test with two NO biosynthesis inhibitors revealed that NO inhibitor were able to increase the disease incidence of RSV. A pharmacological experiment with exogenous MT and NO showed that increased MT and NO in the MT-pretreated plants led to lower disease incidences; however, only NO increased in a NO-releasing reagent [sodium nitroprusside (SNP)] pretreated plants. The expressions level of OsPR1b and OsWRKY 45 were significantly induced by MT and NO. These results suggest that rice resistance to RSV can be improved by increased MT through a NO-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yudong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China. .,School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China. .,International Rice Research Institute and Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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34
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Camejo D, Guzmán-Cedeño A, Vera-Macias L, Jiménez A. Oxidative post-translational modifications controlling plant-pathogen interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:110-117. [PMID: 31563091 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen recognition is linked to the perception of microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggering a specific and transient accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the pathogen attack site. The apoplastic oxidative "burst" generated at the pathogen attack site depends on the ROS-generator systems including enzymes such as plasma membrane NADP (H) oxidases, cell wall peroxidases and lipoxygenase. ROS are cytotoxic molecules that inhibit invading pathogens or signalling molecules that control the local and systemic induction of defence genes. Post-translational modifications induced by ROS are considered as a potential signalling mechanism that can modify protein structure and/or function, localisation and cellular stability. Thus, this review focuses on how ROS are essential molecules regulating the function of proteins involved in the plant response to a pathogen attack through post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain; Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - A Guzmán-Cedeño
- Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador; University, School of Agriculture and Livestock, ULEAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - L Vera-Macias
- Department of Research and Agronomy Faculty, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, ESPAM-MES, Ecuador.
| | - A Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain.
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35
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Martínez-Medina A, Pescador L, Terrón-Camero LC, Pozo MJ, Romero-Puertas MC. Nitric oxide in plant-fungal interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4489-4503. [PMID: 31197351 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Whilst many interactions with fungi are detrimental for plants, others are beneficial and result in improved growth and stress tolerance. Thus, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to restrict pathogenic interactions while promoting mutualistic relationships. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of plant defence against fungal pathogens. NO triggers a reprograming of defence-related gene expression, the production of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties, and the hypersensitive response. More recent studies have shown a regulatory role of NO during the establishment of plant-fungal mutualistic associations from the early stages of the interaction. Indeed, NO has been recently shown to be produced by the plant after the recognition of root fungal symbionts, and to be required for the optimal control of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Although studies dealing with the function of NO in plant-fungal mutualistic associations are still scarce, experimental data indicate that different regulation patterns and functions for NO exist between plant interactions with pathogenic and mutualistic fungi. Here, we review recent progress in determining the functions of NO in plant-fungal interactions, and try to identify common and differential patterns related to pathogenic and mutualistic associations, and their impacts on plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leyre Pescador
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Laura C Terrón-Camero
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Plant Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Izbiańska K, Floryszak-Wieczorek J, Gajewska J, Gzyl J, Jelonek T, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M. Switchable Nitroproteome States of Phytophthora infestans Biology and Pathobiology. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1516. [PMID: 31379758 PMCID: PMC6647872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study demonstrates protein tyrosine nitration as a functional post-translational modification (PTM) in biology and pathobiology of the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the most harmful pathogen of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Using two P. infestans isolates differing in their virulence toward potato cv. Sarpo Mira we found that the pathogen generates reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in hyphae and mature sporangia growing under in vitro and in planta conditions. However, acceleration of peroxynitrite formation and elevation of the nitrated protein pool within pathogen structures were observed mainly during the avr P. infestans MP 946-potato interaction. Importantly, the nitroproteome profiles varied for the pathogen virulence pattern and comparative analysis revealed that vr MP 977 P. infestans represented a much more diverse quality spectrum of nitrated proteins. Abundance profiles of nitrated proteins that were up- or downregulated were substantially different also between the analyzed growth phases. Briefly, in planta growth of avr and vr P. infestans was accompanied by exclusive nitration of proteins involved in energy metabolism, signal transduction and pathogenesis. Importantly, the P. infestans-potato interaction indicated cytosolic RXLRs and Crinklers effectors as potential sensors of RNS. Taken together, we explored the first plant pathogen nitroproteome. The results present new insights into RNS metabolism in P. infestans indicating protein nitration as an integral part of pathogen biology, dynamically modified during its offensive strategy. Thus, the nitroproteome should be considered as a flexible element of the oomycete developmental and adaptive mechanism to different micro-environments, including host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Izbiańska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jarosław Gzyl
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jelonek
- Department of Forest Utilization, Faculty of Forestry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Lv SF, Jia MZ, Zhang SS, Han S, Jiang J. The dependence of leaf senescence on the balance between 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate acid synthase 1 (ACS1)-catalysed ACC generation and nitric oxide-associated 1 (NOS1)-dependent NO accumulation in Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:595-603. [PMID: 30734982 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene and nitric oxide (NO) act as endogenous regulators during leaf senescence. Levels of ethylene or its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate acid (ACC) depend on the activity of ACC synthases (ACS), and NO production is controlled by NO-associated 1 (NOA1). However, the integration mechanisms of ACS and NOA1 activity still need to be explored during leaf senescence. Here, using experimental techniques, such as physiological and molecular detection, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence measurement, we investigated the relevant mechanisms. Our observations showed that the loss-of-function acs1-1 mutant ameliorated age- or dark-induced leaf senescence syndrome, such as yellowing and loss of chlorophyll, that acs1-1 reduced ACC accumulation mainly in mature leaves and that acs1-1-promoted NOA1 expression and NO accumulation mainly in juvenile leaves, when compared with the wild type (WT). But the leaf senescence promoted by the NO-deficient noa1 mutant was not involved in ACS1 expression. There was a similar sharp reduction of ACS1 and NOA1 expression with the increase in WT leaf age, and this inflection point appeared in mature leaves and coincided with the onset of leaf senescence. These findings suggest that NOA1-dependent NO accumulation blocked the ACS1-induced onset of leaf senescence, and that ACS1 activity corresponds to the onset of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-F Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - M-Z Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - S-S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - S Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - J Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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38
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Marcec MJ, Gilroy S, Poovaiah BW, Tanaka K. Mutual interplay of Ca 2+ and ROS signaling in plant immune response. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:343-354. [PMID: 31128705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Second messengers are cellular chemicals that act as "language codes", allowing cells to pass outside information to the cell interior. The cells then respond through triggering downstream reactions, including transcriptional reprograming to affect appropriate adaptive responses. The spatiotemporal patterning of these stimuli-induced signal changes has been referred to as a "signature", which is detected, decoded, and transmitted to elicit these downstream cellular responses. Recent studies have suggested that dynamic changes in second messengers, such as calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO), serve as signatures for both intracellular signaling and cell-to-cell communications. These second messenger signatures work in concert with physical signal signatures (such as electrical and hydraulic waves) to create a "lock and key" mechanism that triggers appropriate response to highly varied stresses. In plants, detailed information of how these signatures deploy their downstream signaling networks remains to be elucidated. Recent evidence suggests a mutual interplay between Ca2+ and ROS signaling has important implications for fine-tuning cellular signaling networks in plant immunity. These two signaling mechanisms amplify each other and this interaction may be a critical element of their roles in information processing for plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Marcec
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - B W Poovaiah
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Kiwamu Tanaka
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA; Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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39
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Badet T, Léger O, Barascud M, Voisin D, Sadon P, Vincent R, Le Ru A, Balagué C, Roby D, Raffaele S. Expression polymorphism at the ARPC4 locus links the actin cytoskeleton with quantitative disease resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:480-496. [PMID: 30393937 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a form of plant immunity widespread in nature, and the only one active against broad host range fungal pathogens. The genetic determinants of QDR are complex and largely unknown, and are thought to rely partly on genes controlling plant morphology and development. We used genome-wide association mapping in Arabidopsis thaliana to identify ARPC4 as associated with QDR against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Mutants impaired in ARPC4 showed enhanced susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum, defects in the structure of the actin filaments and in their responsiveness to S. sclerotiorum. Disruption of ARPC4 also alters callose deposition and the expression of defense-related genes upon S. sclerotiorum infection. Analysis of ARPC4 diversity in A. thaliana identified one haplotype (ARPC4R ) showing a c. 1 kbp insertion in ARPC4 regulatory region and associated with higher level of QDR. Accessions from the ARPC4R haplotype showed enhanced ARPC4 expression upon S. sclerotiorum challenge, indicating that polymorphisms in ARPC4 regulatory region are associated with enhanced QDR. This work identifies a novel actor of plant QDR against a fungal pathogen and provides a prime example of genetic mechanisms leading to the recruitment of cell morphology processes in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Badet
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ophélie Léger
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marielle Barascud
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Derry Voisin
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre Sadon
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Remy Vincent
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Aurélie Le Ru
- Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Fédération de Recherche 3450, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Claudine Balagué
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Dominique Roby
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sylvain Raffaele
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Wang Z, Bao LL, Zhao FY, Tang MQ, Chen T, Li Y, Wang BX, Fu B, Fang H, Li GY, Cao J, Ding LN, Zhu KM, Liu SY, Tan XL. BnaMPK3 Is a Key Regulator of Defense Responses to the Devastating Plant Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Oilseed Rape. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:91. [PMID: 30800136 PMCID: PMC6376111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has traditionally been difficult to control, resulting in tremendous economic losses in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Identification of important genes in the defense responses is critical for molecular breeding, an important strategy for controlling the disease. Here, we report that a B. napus mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, BnaMPK3, plays an important role in the defense against S. sclerotiorum in oilseed rape. BnaMPK3 is highly expressed in the stems, flowers and leaves, and its product is localized in the nucleus. Furthermore, BnaMPK3 is highly responsive to infection by S. sclerotiorum and treatment with jasmonic acid (JA) or the biosynthesis precursor of ethylene (ET), but not to treatment with salicylic acid (SA) or abscisic acid. Moreover, overexpression (OE) of BnaMPK3 in B. napus and Nicotiana benthamiana results in significantly enhanced resistance to S. sclerotiorum, whereas resistance is diminished in RNAi transgenic plants. After S. sclerotiorum infection, defense responses associated with ET, JA, and SA signaling are intensified in the BnaMPK3-OE plants but weakened in the BnaMPK3-RNAi plants when compared to those in the wild type plants; by contrast the level of both H2O2 accumulation and cell death exhibits a reverse pattern. The candidate gene association analyses show that the BnaMPK3-encoding BnaA06g18440D locus is a cause of variation in the resistance to S. sclerotiorum in natural B. napus population. These results suggest that BnaMPK3 is a key regulator of multiple defense responses to S. sclerotiorum, which may guide the resistance improvement of oilseed rape and related economic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ling-Li Bao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng-Yun Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min-Qiang Tang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bing-Xu Wang
- Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Benzhong Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - Hedi Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guan-Ying Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li-Na Ding
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke-Ming Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sheng-Yi Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Li Tan,
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Singh BN, Dwivedi P, Sarma BK, Singh HB. Trichoderma asperellum T42 induces local defense against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae under nitrate and ammonium nutrients in tobacco. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39793-39810. [PMID: 35541384 PMCID: PMC9076103 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06802c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma has been explored and found to play a vital role in the defense mechanism of plants. However, its effects on host disease management in the presence of N nutrients remains elusive. The present study aimed to assess the latent effects of Trichoderma asperellum T42 on oxidative burst-mediated defense mechanisms against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in tobacco plants fed 10 mM NO3− and 3 mM NH4+ nutrients. The nitrate-fed tobacco plants displayed an increased HR when Xoo infected, which was enhanced in the Trichoderma-treated plants. This mechanism was enhanced by the involvement of Trichoderma, which elicited NO production and enhanced the expression pattern of NO-modulating genes (NR, NOA and ARC). The real-time NO fluorescence intensity was alleviated in the NH4+-fed tobacco plants compared to that fed NO3− nutrient, suggesting the significant role of Trichoderma-elicited NO. The nitrite content and NR activity demonstration further confirmed that nitrate metabolism led to NO generation. The production of ROS (H2O2) in the plant leaves well-corroborated that the disease resistance was mediated through the oxidative burst mechanism. Nitrate application resulted in greater ROS production compared to NH4+ nutrient after Xoo infection at 12 h post-infection (hpi). Additionally, the mechanism of enhanced plant defense under NO3− and NH4+ nutrients mediated by Trichoderma involved NO, ROS production and induction of PR1a MEK3 and antioxidant enzyme transcription level. Moreover, the use of sodium nitroprusside (100 μM) with Xoo suspension in the leaves matched the disease resistance mediated via NO burst. Altogether, this study provides novel insights into the fundamental mechanism behind the role of Trichoderma in the activation of plant defense against non-host pathogens under N nutrients. A hypothetical proposed defense pathway activated during interactions between bacterial pathogen (Xoo) with tobacco plant leaves among treatments.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bansh Narayan Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
- Department of Plant Physiology
| | - Padmanabh Dwivedi
- Department of Plant Physiology
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Birinchi Kumar Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Harikesh Bahadur Singh
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
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Wang Z, Ma LY, Cao J, Li YL, Ding LN, Zhu KM, Yang YH, Tan XL. Recent Advances in Mechanisms of Plant Defense to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1314. [PMID: 31681392 PMCID: PMC6813280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is an unusual pathogen which has the broad host range, diverse infection modes, and potential double feeding lifestyles of both biotroph and necrotroph. It is capable of infecting over 400 plant species found worldwide and more than 60 names have agriculturally been used to refer to diseases caused by this pathogen. Plant defense to S. sclerotiorum is a complex biological process and exhibits a typical quantitative disease resistance (QDR) response. Recent studies using Arabidopsis thaliana and crop plants have obtained new advances in mechanisms used by plants to cope with S. sclerotiorum infection. In this review, we focused on our current understanding on plant defense mechanisms against this pathogen, and set up a model for the defense process including three stages: recognition of this pathogen, signal transduction and defense response. We also have a particular interest in defense signaling mediated by diverse signaling molecules. We highlight the current challenges and unanswered questions in both the defense process and defense signaling. Essentially, we discussed candidate resistance genes newly mapped by using high-throughput experiments in important crops, and classified these potential gene targets into different stages of the defense process, which will broaden our understanding of the genetic architecture underlying quantitative resistance to S. sclerotiorum. We proposed that more powerful mapping population(s) will be required for accurate and reliable QDR gene identification.
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Georgescu E, Oancea A, Georgescu F, Nicolescu A, Oprita EI, Vladulescu L, Vladulescu MC, Oancea F, Shova S, Deleanu C. Schiff bases containing a furoxan moiety as potential nitric oxide donors in plant tissues. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198121. [PMID: 29990316 PMCID: PMC6038987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable Schiff bases containing a furoxan moiety are synthesized as single regioisomers by the reaction of 3-methyl-2-oxy-furazan-4-carbaldehydewith various amino compounds at room temperature. The structures of synthesized compounds were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The effect of synthesized Schiff bases containing a furoxan moiety on biological generation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in plant tissues was investigated for the first time by fluorescence microscopy and the released NO identified as nitrite with Griess reagent. There is a good correlation between the biological generation of NO determined by fluorescence microscopy and with Griess reagent. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited both nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation abilities and represent potential NO donors in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anca Oancea
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Alina Nicolescu
- “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, Iasi, Romania
- “C. D. Nenitescu” Centre of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Iulia Oprita
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Florin Oancea
- National Research & Development Institute for Chemistry & Petrochemistry – ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sergiu Shova
- “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Calin Deleanu
- “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, Iasi, Romania
- “C. D. Nenitescu” Centre of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- * E-mail:
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Rajarammohan S, Pradhan AK, Pental D, Kaur J. Genome-wide association mapping in Arabidopsis identifies novel genes underlying quantitative disease resistance to Alternaria brassicae. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1719-1732. [PMID: 29271603 PMCID: PMC6638106 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is the predominant form of resistance against necrotrophic pathogens. The genes and mechanisms underlying QDR are not well known. In the current study, the Arabidopsis-Alternaria brassicae pathosystem was used to uncover the genetic architecture underlying resistance to A. brassicae in a set of geographically diverse Arabidopsis accessions. Arabidopsis accessions revealed a rich variation in the host responses to the pathogen, varying from complete resistance to high susceptibility. Genome-wide association (GWA) mapping revealed multiple regions to be associated with disease resistance. A subset of genes prioritized on the basis of gene annotations and evidence of transcriptional regulation in other biotic stresses was analysed using a reverse genetics approach employing T-DNA insertion mutants. The mutants of three genes, namely At1g06990 (GDSL-motif lipase), At3g25180 (CYP82G1) and At5g37500 (GORK), displayed an enhanced susceptibility relative to the wild-type. These genes are involved in the development of morphological phenotypes (stomatal aperture) and secondary metabolite synthesis, thus defining some of the diverse facets of quantitative resistance against A. brassicae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akshay Kumar Pradhan
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi110021India
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop PlantsUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi110021India
| | - Deepak Pental
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop PlantsUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi110021India
| | - Jagreet Kaur
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi110021India
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Nitric Oxide as a Signaling Molecule in Plant-Bacterial Interactions. PLANT MICROBIOME: STRESS RESPONSE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5514-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Arfaoui A, El Hadrami A, Daayf F. Pre-treatment of soybean plants with calcium stimulates ROS responses and mitigates infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 122:121-128. [PMID: 29223021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering the high incidence of white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a variety of field crops and vegetables, different control strategies are needed to keep the disease under economical threshold. This study assessed the effect of foliar application of a calcium formulation on disease symptoms, oxalic acid production, and on the oxidative stress metabolism in soybean plants inoculated with each of two isolates of the pathogen that have contrasting aggressiveness (HA, highly-aggressive versus WA, weakly-aggressive). Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in soybean plants inoculated with S. sclerotiorum isolates were assessed at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post inoculation (hpi). Generation of ROS including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), anion superoxide (O2-) and hydroxyl radical (OH) was evaluated. Inoculation with the WA isolate resulted in more ROS accumulation compared to the HA isolate. Pre-treatment with the calcium formulation restored ROS production in plants inoculated with the HA isolate. We also noted a marked decrease in oxalic acid content in the leaves inoculated with the HA isolate in presence of calcium, which coincided with an increase in plant ROS production. The expression patterns of genes involved in ROS detoxification in response to the calcium treatments and/or inoculation with S. Sclerotiorum isolates were monitored by RT-qPCR. All of the tested genes showed a higher expression in response to inoculation with the WA isolate. The expression of most genes tested peaked at 6 hpi, which preceded ROS accumulation in the soybean leaves. Overall, these data suggest that foliar application of calcium contributes to a decrease in oxalic acid production and disease, arguably via modulation of the ROS metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbia Arfaoui
- Department of Plant Science, 222, Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; OMEX Agriculture Inc., 290 Agri Park Road, Oak Bluff, Manitoba, R4G 0A5, Canada.
| | | | - Fouad Daayf
- Department of Plant Science, 222, Agriculture Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Yang G, Tang L, Gong Y, Xie J, Fu Y, Jiang D, Li G, Collinge DB, Chen W, Cheng J. A cerato-platanin protein SsCP1 targets plant PR1 and contributes to virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:739-755. [PMID: 29076546 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cerato-platanin proteins (CPs), which are secreted by filamentous fungi, are phytotoxic to host plants, but their functions have not been well defined to date. Here we characterized a CP (SsCP1) from the necrotrophic phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Sscp1 transcripts accumulated during plant infection, and deletion of Sscp1 significantly reduced virulence. SsCP1 could induce significant cell death when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Using yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular florescence complementation, we found that SsCP1 interacts with PR1 in the apoplast to facilitate infection by S. sclerotiorum. Overexpressing PR1 enhanced resistance to the wild-type strain, but not to the Sscp1 knockout strain of S. sclerotiorum. Sscp1-expressing transgenic plants showed increased concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) and higher levels of resistance to several plant pathogens (namely Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria brassicicola and Golovinomyces orontii). Our results suggest that SsCP1 is important for virulence of S. sclerotiorum and that it can be recognized by plants to trigger plant defense responses. Our results also suggest that the SA signaling pathway is involved in CP-mediated plant defense .
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liguang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yingdi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - David B Collinge
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Weidong Chen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
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Badet T, Voisin D, Mbengue M, Barascud M, Sucher J, Sadon P, Balagué C, Roby D, Raffaele S. Parallel evolution of the POQR prolyl oligo peptidase gene conferring plant quantitative disease resistance. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007143. [PMID: 29272270 PMCID: PMC5757927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens with a broad host range are able to infect plant lineages that diverged over 100 million years ago. They exert similar and recurring constraints on the evolution of unrelated plant populations. Plants generally respond with quantitative disease resistance (QDR), a form of immunity relying on complex genetic determinants. In most cases, the molecular determinants of QDR and how they evolve is unknown. Here we identify in Arabidopsis thaliana a gene mediating QDR against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, agent of the white mold disease, and provide evidence of its convergent evolution in multiple plant species. Using genome wide association mapping in A. thaliana, we associated the gene encoding the POQR prolyl-oligopeptidase with QDR against S. sclerotiorum. Loss of this gene compromised QDR against S. sclerotiorum but not against a bacterial pathogen. Natural diversity analysis associated POQR sequence with QDR. Remarkably, the same amino acid changes occurred after independent duplications of POQR in ancestors of multiple plant species, including A. thaliana and tomato. Genome-scale expression analyses revealed that parallel divergence in gene expression upon S. sclerotiorum infection is a frequent pattern in genes, such as POQR, that duplicated both in A. thaliana and tomato. Our study identifies a previously uncharacterized gene mediating QDR against S. sclerotiorum. It shows that some QDR determinants are conserved in distantly related plants and have emerged through the repeated use of similar genetic polymorphisms at different evolutionary time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Badet
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Derry Voisin
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Malick Mbengue
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Justine Sucher
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre Sadon
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Claudine Balagué
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Dominique Roby
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sylvain Raffaele
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Torres DP, Proels RK, Schempp H, Hückelhoven R. Silencing of RBOHF2 Causes Leaf Age-Dependent Accelerated Senescence, Salicylic Acid Accumulation, and Powdery Mildew Resistance in Barley. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:906-918. [PMID: 28795634 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-17-0088-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant RBOH (RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGS)-type NADPH oxidases produce superoxide radical anions and have a function in developmental processes and in response to environmental challenges. Barley RBOHF2 has diverse reported functions in interaction with the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Here, we analyzed, in detail, plant leaf level- and age-specific susceptibility of stably RBOHF2-silenced barley plants. This revealed enhanced susceptibility to fungal penetration of young RBOHF2-silenced leaf tissue but strongly reduced susceptibility of older leaves when compared with controls. Loss of susceptibility in old RBOHF2-silenced leaves was associated with spontaneous leaf-tip necrosis and constitutively elevated levels of free and conjugated salicylic acid. Additionally, these leaves more strongly expressed pathogenesis-related genes, both constitutively and during interaction with B. graminis f. sp. hordei. Together, this supports the idea that barley RBOHF2 contributes to basal resistance to powdery mildew infection in young leaf tissue but is required to control leaf cell death, salicylic acid accumulation, and defense gene expression in older leaves, explaining leaf age-specific resistance of RBOHF2-silenced barley plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Pereira Torres
- Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, Technische Universität München Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Reinhard K Proels
- Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, Technische Universität München Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Harald Schempp
- Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, Technische Universität München Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, Technische Universität München Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Chandra S, Chakraborty N, Panda K, Acharya K. Chitosan-induced immunity in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze against blister blight disease is mediated by nitric-oxide. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:298-307. [PMID: 28412634 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Blister blight disease, caused by an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen, Exobasidium vexans Massee is posing a serious threat for tea cultivation in Asia. As the use of chemical pesticides on tea leaves substantially increases the toxic risks of tea consumption, serious attempts are being made to control such pathogens by boosting the intrinsic natural defense responses against invading pathogens in tea plants. In this study, the nature and durability of resistance offered by chitosan and the possible mechanism of chitosan-induced defense induction in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze plants against blister blight disease were investigated. Foliar application of 0.01% chitosan solution at 15 days interval not only reduced the blister blight incidence for two seasons, but also maintained the induced expressions of different defense related enzymes and total phenol content compared to the control. Defense responses induced by chitosan were found to be down regulated under nitric oxide (NO) deficient conditions in vivo, indicating that the observed chitosan-induced resistance is probably activated via NO signaling. Such role of NO in host defense response was further established by application of the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which produced similar defense responses accomplished through chitosan treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that increased production of NO in chitosan-treated tea plants may play a critical role in triggering the innate defense responses effective against plant pathogens, including that causing the blister blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Chandra
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Nilanjan Chakraborty
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Koustubh Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
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