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Wang J, Cao Y, Shi D, Zhang Z, Li X, Chen C. Crucial Involvement of Heme Biosynthesis in Vegetative Growth, Development, Stress Response, and Fungicide Sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5268. [PMID: 38791308 PMCID: PMC11120706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Heme biosynthesis is a highly conserved pathway from bacteria to higher animals. Heme, which serves as a prosthetic group for various enzymes involved in multiple biochemical processes, is essential in almost all species, making heme homeostasis vital for life. However, studies on the biological functions of heme in filamentous fungi are scarce. In this study, we investigated the role of heme in Fusarium graminearum. A mutant lacking the rate-limiting enzymes in heme synthesis, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (Cpo) or ferrochelatase (Fc), was constructed using a homologous recombination strategy. The results showed that the absence of these enzymes was lethal to F. graminearum, but the growth defect could be rescued by the addition of hemin, so we carried out further studies with the help of hemin. The results demonstrated that heme was required for the activity of FgCyp51, and its absence increased the sensitivity to tebuconazole and led to the upregulation of FgCYP51 in F. graminearum. Additionally, heme plays an indispensable role in the life cycle of F. graminearum, which is essential for vegetative growth, conidiation, external stress response (especially oxidative stress), lipid accumulation, fatty acid β-oxidation, autophagy, and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Changjun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.W.); (Y.C.); (D.S.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.)
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2
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Poudel B, Mullins J, Fiedler JD, Zhong S. Genome-Wide Association Study of Fungicide Sensitivity in a Fusarium graminearum Population Collected from North Dakota. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1088-1096. [PMID: 38079375 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-23-0180-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight is a destructive disease of small grains. The disease is predominantly caused by the haploid ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum in North America. To understand the genetics of quantitative traits for sensitivity to fungicides in this fungal pathogen, we conducted a genome-wide association study of sensitivity to two demethylation inhibition class fungicides, tebuconazole and prothioconazole, using an F. graminearum population of 183 isolates collected between 1981 and 2013 from North Dakota. Baseline sensitivity to tebuconazole and prothioconazole was established using 21 isolates collected between 1981 and 1994. Most fungal isolates were sensitive to both tebuconazole and prothioconazole; however, five isolates showed significantly reduced sensitivity to prothioconazole. The genome-wide association study identified one significant marker-trait association on chromosome 3 for tebuconazole resistance, whereas six significant marker-trait associations, one on chromosome 1, three on chromosome 2, and two on chromosome 4, were detected for prothioconazole resistance. Functional annotation of the marker-trait association for tebuconazole revealed a candidate gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix domain-containing protein that reinforces sterol in the fungal membrane. Putative genes for prothioconazole resistance were also identified, which are involved in RNA interference, the detoxification by ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and membrane integrity reinforcement. Considering the potential of the pathogen toward overcoming chemical control, continued monitoring of fungal sensitivities to commercially applied fungicides, especially those containing prothioconazole, is warranted to reduce risks of fungicide resistance in the pathogen populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Poudel
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Joseph Mullins
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Jason D Fiedler
- Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Shaobin Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
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3
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Yulfo-Soto G, McCormick S, Chen H, Bai G, Trick HN, Hao G. Reduction of Fusarium head blight and trichothecene contamination in transgenic wheat expressing Fusarium graminearum trichothecene 3- O-acetyltransferase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1389605. [PMID: 38650698 PMCID: PMC11033581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1389605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), produces various mycotoxins that contaminate wheat grains and cause profound health problems in humans and animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common trichothecene found in contaminated grains. Our previous study showed that Arabidopsis-expressing F. graminearum trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (FgTRI101) converted DON to 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and excreted it outside of Arabidopsis cells. To determine if wheat can convert and excrete 3-ADON and reduce FHB and DON contamination, FgTRI101 was cloned and introduced into wheat cv Bobwhite. Four independent transgenic lines containing FgTRI101 were identified. Gene expression studies showed that FgTRI101 was highly expressed in wheat leaf and spike tissues in the transgenic line FgTri101-1606. The seedlings of two FgTri101 transgenic wheat lines (FgTri101-1606 and 1651) grew significantly longer roots than the controls on media containing 5 µg/mL DON; however, the 3-ADON conversion and excretion was detected inconsistently in the seedlings of FgTri101-1606. Further analyses did not detect 3-ADON or other possible DON-related products in FgTri101-1606 seedlings after adding deuterium-labeled DON into the growth media. FgTri101-transgenic wheat plants showed significantly enhanced FHB resistance and lower DON content after they were infected with F. graminearum, but 3-ADON was not detected. Our study suggests that it is promising to utilize FgTRI101, a gene that the fungus uses for self-protection, for managing FHB and mycotoxin in wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabdiel Yulfo-Soto
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Susan McCormick
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Guihua Bai
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Harold N. Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Guixia Hao
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL, United States
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4
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Kim S, Lee R, Jeon H, Lee N, Park J, Moon H, Shin J, Min K, Kim JE, Yang JW, Son H. Identification of Essential Genes for the Establishment of Spray-Induced Gene Silencing-Based Disease Control in Fusarium graminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19302-19311. [PMID: 38018120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
As resistance to chemical fungicides continues to increase inFusarium graminearum, there is a growing need to develop novel disease control strategies. To discover essential genes that could serve as new disease control targets, we selected essential gene candidates that had failed to be deleted in previous studies. Thirteen genes were confirmed to be essential, either by constructing conditional promoter replacement mutants or by employing a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated editing strategy. We synthesized double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting these essential genes and analyzed their protective effects in plants using a spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) method. When dsRNAs targeting Fg10360, Fg13150, and Fg06123 were applied to detached barley leaves prior to fungal inoculation, disease lesions were greatly reduced. Our findings provide evidence of the potential of essential genes identified by a SIGS method to be effective targets for the control of fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Rowoon Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeji Moon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Shin
- Division of Bioresources Bank, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghun Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju 63240, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Yang
- Crop Cultivation and Environment Research Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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5
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Thompson MEH, Shrestha A, Rinne J, Limay-Rios V, Reid L, Raizada MN. The Cultured Microbiome of Pollinated Maize Silks Shifts after Infection with Fusarium graminearum and Varies by Distance from the Site of Pathogen Inoculation. Pathogens 2023; 12:1322. [PMID: 38003787 PMCID: PMC10675081 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Styles transmit pollen-derived sperm nuclei from pollen to ovules, but also transmit environmental pathogens. The microbiomes of styles are likely important for reproduction/disease, yet few studies exist. Whether style microbiome compositions are spatially responsive to pathogens is unknown. The maize pathogen Fusarium graminearum enters developing grain through the style (silk). We hypothesized that F. graminearum treatment shifts the cultured transmitting silk microbiome (TSM) compared to healthy silks in a distance-dependent manner. Another objective of the study was to culture microbes for future application. Bacteria were cultured from husk-covered silks of 14 F. graminearum-treated diverse maize genotypes, proximal (tip) and distal (base) to the F. graminearum inoculation site. Long-read 16S sequences from 398 isolates spanned 35 genera, 71 species, and 238 OTUs. More bacteria were cultured from F. graminearum-inoculated tips (271 isolates) versus base (127 isolates); healthy silks were balanced. F. graminearum caused a collapse in diversity of ~20-25% across multiple taxonomic levels. Some species were cultured exclusively or, more often, from F. graminearum-treated silks (e.g., Delftia acidovorans, Klebsiella aerogenes, K. grimontii, Pantoea ananatis, Stenotrophomonas pavanii). Overall, the results suggest that F. graminearum alters the TSM in a distance-dependent manner. Many isolates matched taxa that were previously identified using V4-MiSeq (core and F. graminearum-induced), but long-read sequencing clarified the taxonomy and uncovered greater diversity than was initially predicted (e.g., within Pantoea). These isolates represent the first comprehensive cultured collection from pathogen-treated maize silks to facilitate biocontrol efforts and microbial marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. H. Thompson
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.E.H.T.)
| | - Anuja Shrestha
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.E.H.T.)
| | - Jeffrey Rinne
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.E.H.T.)
| | - Victor Limay-Rios
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main Street E, Ridgetown, ON N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - Lana Reid
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Manish N. Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.E.H.T.)
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Fonseka DL, Markell SG, Zaccaron ML, Ebert MK, Pasche JS. Ascochyta blight in North Dakota field pea: the pathogen complex and its fungicide sensitivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1165269. [PMID: 37600208 PMCID: PMC10434212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1165269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, Ascochyta blight is caused by a complex of host-specific fungal pathogens, including Ascochyta pisi, Didymella pinodes, and Didymella pinodella. The application of foliar fungicides is often necessary for disease management, but a better understanding of pathogen prevalence, aggressiveness, and fungicide sensitivity is needed to optimize control. Leaf and stem samples were obtained from 56 field pea production fields in 14 counties in North Dakota from 2017 to 2020 and isolates were collected from lesions characteristic of Ascochyta blight. Based on fungal characteristics and sequencing the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, 73% of isolates were confirmed to be D. pinodes (n = 177) and 27% were A. pisi (n = 65). Across pathogens, aggressiveness was similar among some isolates in greenhouse assays. The in vitro pyraclostrobin sensitivity of all D. pinodes isolates collected from 2017 to 2020 was lower than that of the three baseline isolates. Sensitivity of 91% of A. pisi isolates collected in 2019 and 2020 was lower than the sensitivity of two known sensitive isolates. Resistance factors (Rf) from mean EC50 values of pyraclostrobin baseline/known sensitive isolates to isolates collected from 2017 to 2020 ranged from 2 to 1,429 for D. pinodes and 1 to 209 for A. pisi. In vitro prothioconazole sensitivity of 91% of D. pinodes isolates collected from 2017 to 2020 was lower than the sensitivity of the baseline isolates and 98% of A. pisi isolates collected from 2019 to 2020 was lower than the sensitivity of the known sensitive isolates. Prothioconazole Rf ranged from 1 to 338 for D. pinodes and 1 to 127 for A. pisi. Based on in vitro results, 92% of D. pinodes and 98% of A. pisi isolates collected displayed reduced-sensitivity/resistance to both fungicides when compared to baseline/known sensitive isolates. Disease control under greenhouse conditions of both pathogens provided by both fungicides was significantly lower in isolates determined to be reduced-sensitive or resistant in in vitro assays when compared to sensitive. Results reported here reinforce growers desperate need of alternative fungicides and/or management tools to fight Ascochyta blight in North Dakota and neighboring regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julie S. Pasche
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Corallo AB, del Palacio A, Oliver M, Tiscornia S, Simoens M, Cea J, de Aurrecoechea I, Martínez I, Sanchez A, Stewart S, Pan D. Fusarium Species and Mycotoxins Associated with Sorghum Grains in Uruguay. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:484. [PMID: 37624241 PMCID: PMC10467058 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain mold and stalk rot are among the fungal diseases that cause significant losses in sorghum worldwide and are caused by different Fusarium spp. The presence of Fusarium species in sorghum grains causes yield losses and mycotoxin contamination, which represents a risk to consumers. In this study, Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) had a high incidence, followed by Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex. Within FFSC, F. proliferatum, F. andiyazi, F. fujikuroi, F. thapsinum, F. verticillioides and F. subglutinans were identified, and this was the first report of F. fujikuroi in sorghum. The most frequent toxins found in sorghum samples were deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). The presence of fumonisins and nivalenol (NIV) was detected at low levels. This study adds new knowledge about the occurrence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in sorghum grains. Furthermore, this is the first report in Uruguay on fungicide sensitivity for Fusarium isolates from sorghum, which constitutes an important starting point for defining management practices to minimize fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Corallo
- Sección Micología, Facultad de CienciasFacultad de Ingeniería, UdelaR, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay; (A.B.C.); (A.d.P.); (M.O.); (S.T.)
| | - Agustina del Palacio
- Sección Micología, Facultad de CienciasFacultad de Ingeniería, UdelaR, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay; (A.B.C.); (A.d.P.); (M.O.); (S.T.)
| | - María Oliver
- Sección Micología, Facultad de CienciasFacultad de Ingeniería, UdelaR, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay; (A.B.C.); (A.d.P.); (M.O.); (S.T.)
| | - Susana Tiscornia
- Sección Micología, Facultad de CienciasFacultad de Ingeniería, UdelaR, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay; (A.B.C.); (A.d.P.); (M.O.); (S.T.)
| | - Macarena Simoens
- Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Departamento de Análisis de Productos Agropecuarios, Avenida Italia 6201, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay; (M.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Jaqueline Cea
- Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Departamento de Análisis de Productos Agropecuarios, Avenida Italia 6201, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay; (M.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Inés de Aurrecoechea
- Departamento de Granos, Dirección General de Servicios Agrícolas, Ministerio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca, Avenida Millán 4703, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay;
| | - Inés Martínez
- Latitud, Fundación del Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Avenida Italia 6201, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay; (I.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Alicia Sanchez
- Latitud, Fundación del Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Avenida Italia 6201, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay; (I.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Silvina Stewart
- Programa Cultivos de Secano, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay;
| | - Dinorah Pan
- Sección Micología, Facultad de CienciasFacultad de Ingeniería, UdelaR, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay; (A.B.C.); (A.d.P.); (M.O.); (S.T.)
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Francesconi S, Ronchetti R, Camaioni E, Giovagnoli S, Sestili F, Palombieri S, Balestra GM. Boosting Immunity and Management against Wheat Fusarium Diseases by a Sustainable, Circular Nanostructured Delivery Platform. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1223. [PMID: 36986912 PMCID: PMC10054448 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR) are managed by the application of imidazole fungicides, which will be strictly limited by 2030, as stated by the European Green Deal. Here, a novel and eco-sustainable nanostructured particle formulation (NPF) is presented by following the principles of the circular economy. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and resistant starch were obtained from the bran of a high amylose (HA) bread wheat and employed as carrier and excipient, while chitosan and gallic acid were functionalized as antifungal and elicitor active principles. The NPF inhibited conidia germination and mycelium growth, and mechanically interacted with conidia. The NPF optimally reduced FHB and FCR symptoms in susceptible bread wheat genotypes while being biocompatible on plants. The expression level of 21 genes involved in the induction of innate immunity was investigated in Sumai3 (FHB resistant) Cadenza (susceptible) and Cadenza SBEIIa (a mutant characterized by high-amylose starch content) and most of them were up-regulated in Cadenza SBEIIa spikes treated with the NPF, indicating that this genotype may possess an interesting genomic background particularly responsive to elicitor-like molecules. Quantification of fungal biomass revealed that the NPF controlled FHB spread, while Cadenza SBEIIa was resistant to FCR fungal spread. The present research work highlights that the NPF is a powerful weapon for FHB sustainable management, while the genome of Cadenza SBEIIa should be investigated deeply as particularly responsive to elicitor-like molecules and resistant to FCR fungal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Francesconi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ronchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mariano Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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9
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Hou T, Zhao Y, Ma Z. The sphinganine C4-hydroxylase FgSur2 regulates sensitivity to azole antifungal agents and virulence of Fusarium graminearum. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127347. [PMID: 36907072 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts consisting of ergosterol and sphingolipids in the lipid membrane of cells play important roles in various cellular processes. However, the functions of sphingolipids and their synthetic genes in phytopathogenic fungi have not been well understood yet. In this study, we conducted genome-wide searches and carried out systematic gene deletion analysis of the sphingolipid synthesis pathway in Fusarium graminearum, a causal agent of Fusarium head blight of wheat and other cereal crops worldwide. Mycelial growth assays showed that deletion of FgBAR1, FgLAC1, FgSUR2 or FgSCS7 resulted in markedly reduced hyphal growth. Fungicide sensitivity tests showed that the sphinganine C4-hydroxylase gene FgSUR2 deletion mutant (ΔFgSUR2) exhibited significantly increased susceptibility to azole fungicides. In addition, this mutant displayed a remarkable increase in cell membrane permeability. Importantly, ΔFgSUR2 was defective in deoxynivalenol (DON) toxisome formation, leading to dramatically decreased DON biosynthesis. Moreover, the deletion of FgSUR2 resulted in dramatically decreased virulence of the pathogen on host plants. Taken together, these results indicate that FgSUR2 plays an important role in regulating the susceptibility to azoles and virulence of F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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10
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Wang H, Gai Y, Zhao Y, Wang M, Ma Z. The calcium-calcineurin and high-osmolarity glycerol pathways co-regulate tebuconazole sensitivity and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 190:105311. [PMID: 36740345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The calcium-calcineurin and high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathways play crucial roles in fungal development, pathogenicity, and in responses to various environmental stresses. However, interaction of these pathways in regulating fungicide sensitivity remains largely unknown in phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, we investigated the function of the calcium-calcineurin signalling pathway in Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. Inhibitors of Ca2+ and calcineurin enhanced antifungal activity of tebuconazole (an azole fungicide) against F. graminearum. Deletion of the putative downstream transcription factor FgCrz1 resulted in significantly increased sensitivity of F. graminearum to tebuconazole. FgCrz1-GFP was translocated to the nucleus upon tebuconazole treatment in a calcineurin-dependent manner. In addition, deletion of FgCrz1 increased the phosphorylation of FgHog1 in response to tebuconazole. Moreover, the calcium-calcineurin and HOG signalling pathways exhibited synergistic effect in regulating pathogenicity and sensitivity of F. graminearum to tebuconazole and multiple other stresses. RNA-seq data revealed that FgCrz1 regulated expression of a set of non-CYP51 genes that are associated with tebuconazole sensitivity, including multidrug transporters, membrane lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, and cell wall organization. Our findings demonstrate that the calcium-calcineurin and HOG pathways act coordinately to orchestrate tebuconazole sensitivity and pathogenicity in F. graminearum, which may provide novel insights in management of Fusarium disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunpeng Gai
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Minhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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11
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Yang Z, Sun X, Jin D, Qiu Y, Chen L, Sun L, Gu W. Novel Camphor Sulfonohydrazide and Sulfonamide Derivatives as Potential Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors against Phytopathogenic Fungi/Oomycetes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:174-185. [PMID: 36562624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To discover novel fungicidal agrochemicals for treating wheat scab, 39 novel camphor sulfonohydrazide/sulfonamide derivatives 4a-4t and 6a-6s were designed and synthesized. In the in vitro antifungal/antioomycete assay, compounds 4g, 4n, and 4o displayed significant inhibitory activities against Fusarium graminearum, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Phytophthora capsici. Among them, 4n exhibited the best antifungal activity against F. graminearum with an EC50 value of 0.41 mg/L, which was at the same level as that of pydiflumetofen. The in vivo experiment revealed that 4n presented excellent protective and curative efficacy toward F. graminearum. In the antifungal mechanism study, 4n could increase the cell membrane permeability and reduce the exopolysaccharide and ergosterol content of F. graminearum. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses revealed that 4n could significantly damage the surface morphology and the cell ultrastructure of mycelia to interfere with the growth of F. graminearum. Furthermore, 4n exhibited potent succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitory activity in vitro with an IC50 value of 3.94 μM, which was equipotent to pydiflumetofen (IC50 = 4.07 μM). The molecular dynamics simulation and docking study suggested that compound 4n could well occupy the active site and form strong interactions with the key residues of SDH. The above-mentioned results demonstrated that the title camphor sulfonohydrazide/sulfonamide derivatives could be promising lead compounds for further succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuebao Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Daojun Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yigui Qiu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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12
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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the biocontrol mechanism of Bacillus velezensis E68 against Fusarium graminearum DAOMC 180378, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277983. [PMID: 36701319 PMCID: PMC9879434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight, a serious disease affecting grain crops worldwide. Biological control involves the use of microorganisms to combat plant pathogens such as F. graminearum. Strains of Bacillus velezensis are common biological control candidates for use against F. graminearum and other plant pathogens, as they can secrete antifungal secondary metabolites. Here we study the interaction between B. velezensis E68 and F. graminearum DAOMC 180378 by employing a dual RNA-seq approach to assess the transcriptional changes in both organisms. In dual culture, B. velezensis up-regulated genes related to sporulation and phosphate stress and down-regulated genes related to secondary metabolism, biofilm formation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. F. graminearum up-regulated genes encoding for killer protein 4-like proteins and genes relating to heavy metal tolerance, and down-regulated genes relating to trichothecene biosynthesis and phenol metabolism. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between a biocontrol bacterium and a phytopathogenic fungus.
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13
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Wang X, Chai J, Gu Y, Zhang D, Meng F, Si X, Yang C, Xue W. Expedient Discovery for Novel Antifungal Leads Inhibiting Fusarium graminearum: 3-(Phenylamino)quinazolin-4(3 H)-ones Deriving from Systematic Optimizations on a Tryptanthrin Structure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13165-13175. [PMID: 36194787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing resistance of Fusarium graminearum has emerged as a pressing agricultural issue that could be settled by developing novel fungicides owning inimitable action mechanisms. With the aim of discovering novel antifungal leads inhibiting F. graminearum, a tryptanthrin structure was dexterously optimized to generate 30 novel quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives. The aforementioned optimization generated the molecule C17 that owned exhilarating in vitro anti-F. graminearum effect (EC50 value = 0.76 μg/mL). Whereafter, the in vivo anti-F. graminearum preventative efficacy of the molecule C17 was measured to be 59.5% at 200 μg/mL, which was approximately comparable with that of carbendazim (64.9%). Furthermore, morphological observations indicated that the molecule C17 could cause the hypha to become slender and dense, distort the outline of cell walls, induce an increase in liposome numbers, and cause the reduction of mitochondria numbers. The above results have emerged as an obbligato complement for developing novel antifungal leads that could effectively control Fusarium head blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jianqi Chai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yifei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinxin Si
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Chunlong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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14
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Chai X, Liu Y, Ma H, Wang S, Niyitanga E, He C. Effects of Macroautophagy and Mitophagy on the Pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1928-1935. [PMID: 35341313 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-21-0447-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the main pathogen of Fusarium head blight (FHB), which causes huge economic losses every year. In this study, an attempt was made to control FHB from the point of view of the physiological behavior of the pathogen itself. Autophagic inhibitors and activators were used, and the pathogenicity-related indices of F. graminearum were measured. The results showed that under nitrogen-rich conditions, macroautophagy inhibition and activation greatly reduced the mycelium weight to 0.28 and 0.25 g/ml at 24 h, which were 17.82 and 24.77% lower than that of the control treatment, respectively. Mitophagy inhibition also significantly decreased the mycelium weight (P < 0.05). Conidial yield was found to be affected by factors related to autophagy occurrence. It was found that both autophagy inhibition and activation could reduce the conidiation of F. graminearum. The toxin contents in wheat medium of macroautophagy activation treatments were 0.678, 0.190, 0.402, and 0.195 μg/g when cultured for 8 and 24 h under 0% N and 100% N conditions, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control treatments (P < 0.05). The infection length was measured to characterize the infectivity of F. graminearum, and we found that the length was short under macroautophagy activation conditions. However, mitophagy did not seem to affect the infectivity of F. graminearum. In summary, the above results indicate that macroautophagy and mitophagy inhibition could reduce the pathogenicity of F. graminearum, which may provide a new perspective for management of plant fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicun Chai
- College of Engineering/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Yutao Liu
- College of Engineering/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Haixia Ma
- College of Engineering/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Shipeng Wang
- College of Engineering/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Evode Niyitanga
- College of Engineering/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Chunxia He
- College of Engineering/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
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15
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Duffeck MR, Bandara AY, Weerasooriya DK, Collins AA, Jensen PJ, Kuldau GA, Del Ponte EM, Esker PD. Fusarium Head Blight of Small Grains in Pennsylvania: Unravelling Species Diversity, Toxin Types, Growth, and Triazole Sensitivity. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:794-802. [PMID: 34491794 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-21-0070-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the main causal species of Fusarium head blight (FHB) globally. Recent changes in the trichothecene (toxin) types in the North American FHB pathogens support the need for continued surveillance. In this study, 461 isolates were obtained from symptomatic spikes of wheat, spelt, barley, and rye crops during 2018 and 2019. These were all identified to species and toxin types using molecular-based approaches. An additional set of 77 F. graminearum isolates obtained from overwintering crop residues during winter 2012 were molecularly identified to toxin types. A subset of 31 F. graminearum isolates (15 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol [15ADON] and 16 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol [3ADON]) were assessed for mycelial growth, macroconidia, perithecia, and ascospore production, and sensitivity to two triazoles. Ninety percent of isolates obtained from the symptomatic spikes (n = 418) belonged to F. graminearum, with four other species found at a lower frequency (n = 39). The F. graminearum isolates from symptomatic spikes were mainly of the 15ADON (95%), followed by 3ADON (4%), nivalenol (0.7%), and NX-2 (0.3%) toxin types. All F. graminearum isolates obtained from overwintering residue were of the 15ADON type. The toxin types could not be differentiated based on the multivariate analysis of growth and reproduction traits. All isolates were sensitive to tebuconazole and metconazole fungicides in vitro. This study confirms the dominance of F. graminearum and suggests ecological and environmental factors, to be further identified, that lead to similar composition of toxin types in the northern United States. Our results may be useful to assess the sustainability of FHB management practices and provide a baseline for future FHB surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra R Duffeck
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ananda Y Bandara
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
| | - Dilooshi K Weerasooriya
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
| | - Alyssa A Collins
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
- Southeast Agricultural Research and Extension Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Manheim 17545, U.S.A
| | - Philip J Jensen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
| | - Gretchen A Kuldau
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Paul D Esker
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, U.S.A
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16
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de Chaves MA, Reginatto P, da Costa BS, de Paschoal RI, Teixeira ML, Fuentefria AM. Fungicide Resistance in Fusarium graminearum Species Complex. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:62. [PMID: 34994875 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fusariosis affects cereal grain crops worldwide and is responsible for devastating crops, reducing grain quality and yield, and producing strong mycotoxins. Benzimidazoles and triazoles were recommended to combat fusariosis; however, there were reports of resistance, making it necessary to reflect on the reasons for this occurrence. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the fusariosis resistance to the main agricultural fungicides, to observe whether this resistance can cause changes in the production of mycotoxins, and to verify the influence of resistance on the cereal grain production chain. Scientific articles were selected from the ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Pubmed databases, published at maximum 10 years ago and covering the main fungicide classes that combat phytopathogenesis and mycotoxin production. A high occurrence of resistance to carbendazim was found, while few reports of resistance to triazoles are available. The effectiveness of strobilurins is doubtful, due to an increase of mycotoxins linked to it. It is possible to conclude that the large-scale use of fungicides can select resistant strains that will contribute to an increase in the production of mycotoxins and harm sectors of the world economy, not only the agriculture, but also sanitation and foreign trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Antunes de Chaves
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Pharmacy, Annex II, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, São Luís, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Paula Reginatto
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Souza da Costa
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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17
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Hao G, McCormick S, Vaughan MM. Effects of Double-Stranded RNAs Targeting Fusarium graminearum TRI6 on Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxins. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:2080-2087. [PMID: 33823648 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-20-0468-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), which reduces crop yield and contaminates grains with poisonous trichothecene mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON). DON functions as an important virulence factor that promotes FHB spread in wheat; therefore, reducing DON production will decrease yield losses to FHB and increase food safety. Recent progress in the topical application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to reduce F. graminearum infection has provided encouraging results. In this study, we designed and synthesized dsRNA targeting the transcription factor TRI6 (TRI6-dsRNA), which is a key regulator of DON biosynthesis. The expression of F. graminearum TRI6 was significantly lower in detached wheat heads treated with TRI6-dsRNA solution compared with the controls. Furthermore, TRI6-dsRNA treatments reduced disease and DON accumulation in inoculated detached wheat heads. Therefore, topical applications of TRI6-dsRNA on wheat heads of intact plants were assessed for their ability to reduce FHB and DON under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. When wheat heads were treated with TRI6-dsRNA solution in growth chamber conditions, TRI6-dsRNA treatments failed to prevent FHB spread. However, when wheat heads were treated with TRI6-dsRNA solution under greenhouse conditions, FHB and DON were significantly reduced, and infection was restricted to the inoculated floret. In addition, addition of TRI6-dsRNA to toxin induction liquid media had no effect on F. graminearum 15-ADON production. Our study demonstrates that the efficacy of dsRNA applications is strongly dependent on application methods and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Hao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Peoria, IL 61604
| | - Susan McCormick
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Peoria, IL 61604
| | - Martha M Vaughan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Peoria, IL 61604
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18
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Eli K, Schaafsma A, Limay-Rios V, Hooker D. Effect of pydiflumetofen on Gibberella ear rot and Fusarium mycotoxin accumulation in maize grain. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In Ontario, Canada, Fusarium graminearum Schwabe causes Gibberella ear rot (GER) in maize, resulting in the accumulation of mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol (DON), DON-3-glucoside (DON-3G) and zearalenone (ZEN) in infected kernels. Fungicides can be an important tool for managing GER and DON and other Fusarium mycotoxins in maize. Until recently, all fungicides available to growers were triazoles, thus no resistance management strategy through fungicide use was possible. In this study, a novel carboxamide fungicide active ingredient (pydiflumetofen) was evaluated against conventional triazole fungicides and mixtures for: (1) effectiveness on mycotoxins (2) optimal application timing; and (3) efficacy of application, with and without an insecticide, under natural and inoculated-misted conditions. The best timing for fungicide application was at full silk, resulting in the highest reduction of GER symptoms and lowest accumulation of F. graminearum mycotoxins in harvested grain. DON and DON-3G concentrations were reduced by at least 50% with a fungicide application at full silk. Fungicide treatments did not affect fumonisin concentrations in grain. Pydiflumetofen (94 g active ingredients (AI)/ha) and fungicides containing pydiflumetofen (75-94 g AI/ha) were similar to standard triazole fungicides (prothioconazole at 200 g AI/ha and metconazole at 90 g AI/ha) for reducing GER and F. graminearum mycotoxins under misted-inoculated plots and commercial field conditions; as a result, we expect pydiflumetofen to be competitive with triazole-only chemistries in the marketplace, which should delay the onset of fungicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Eli
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - A.W. Schaafsma
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - V. Limay-Rios
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - D.C. Hooker
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
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19
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Evolution of Fusarium Head Blight Management in Wheat: Scientific Perspectives on Biological Control Agents and Crop Genotypes Protocooperation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past century, the economically devastating Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease has persistently ravished small grain cereal crops worldwide. Annually, losses globally are in the billions of United States dollars (USD), with common bread wheat and durum wheat accounting for a major portion of these losses. Since the unforgettable FHB epidemics of the 1990s and early 2000s in North America, different management strategies have been employed to treat this disease. However, even with some of the best practices including chemical fungicides and innovative breeding technological advances that have given rise to a spectrum of moderately resistant cultivars, FHB still remains an obstinate problem in cereal farms globally. This is in part due to several constraints such as the Fusarium complex of species and the struggle to develop and employ methods that can effectively combat more than one pathogenic line or species simultaneously. This review highlights the last 100 years of major FHB epidemics in the US and Canada, as well as the evolution of different management strategies, and recent progress in resistance and cultivar development. It also takes a look at protocooperation between specific biocontrol agents and cereal genotypes as a promising tool for combatting FHB.
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20
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Liu N, Wang J, Yun Y, Wang J, Xu C, Wu S, Xu L, Li B, Kolodkin-Gal I, Dawood DH, Zhao Y, Ma Z, Chen Y. The NDR kinase-MOB complex FgCot1-Mob2 regulates polarity and lipid metabolism in Fusarium graminearum. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5505-5524. [PMID: 34347361 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Members of the NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) protein-kinase family are essential for cell differentiation and polarized morphogenesis. However, their functions in plant pathogenic fungi are not well understood. Here, we characterized the NDR kinase FgCot1 and its activator FgMob2 in Fusarium graminearum, a major pathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. FgCot1 and FgMob2 formed a NDR kinase-MOB protein complex. Localization assays using FgCot1-GFP or FgMob2-RFP constructs showed diverse subcellular localizations, including cytoplasm, septum, nucleus and hyphal tip. ΔFgcot1 and ΔFgmob2 exhibited serious defects in hyphal growth, polarity, fungal development and cell wall integrity as well as reduced virulence in planta. In contrast, lipid droplet accumulation was significantly increased in these two mutants. Phosphorylation of FgCot1 at two highly conserved residues (S462 and T630) as well as five new sites synergistically contributed its role in various cellular processes. In addition, non-synonymous mutations in two MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) proteins, FgSte11 and FgGpmk1, partially rescued the growth defect of ΔFgmob2, indicating a functional link between the FgCot1-Mob2 complex and the FgGpmk1 signalling pathway in regulating filamentous fungal growth. These results indicated that the FgCot1-Mob2 complex is critical for polarity, fungal development, cell wall organization, lipid metabolism and virulence in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingzi Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chaoyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Luona Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baohua Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dawood H Dawood
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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21
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Bian C, Duan Y, Xiu Q, Wang J, Tao X, Zhou M. Mechanism of validamycin A inhibiting DON biosynthesis and synergizing with DMI fungicides against Fusarium graminearum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:769-785. [PMID: 33934484 PMCID: PMC8232029 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a vital virulence factor of Fusarium graminearum, which causes Fusarium head blight (FHB). We recently found that validamycin A (VMA), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, can be used to control FHB and inhibit DON contamination, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that both neutral and acid trehalase (FgNTH and FgATH) are the targets of VMA in F. graminearum, and the deficiency of FgNTH and FgATH reduces the sensitivity to VMA by 2.12- and 1.79-fold, respectively, indicating that FgNTH is the main target of VMA. We found FgNTH is responsible for vegetative growth, FgATH is critical to sexual reproduction, and both of them play an important role in conidiation and virulence in F. graminearum. We found that FgNTH resided in the cytoplasm, affected the localization of FgATH, and positively regulated DON biosynthesis; however, FgATH resided in vacuole and negatively regulated DON biosynthesis. FgNTH interacted with FgPK (pyruvate kinase), a key enzyme in glycolysis, and the interaction was reduced by VMA; the deficiency of FgNTH affected the localization of FgPK under DON induction condition. Strains with a deficiency of FgNTH were more sensitive to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. FgNTH regulated the expression level of FgCYP51A and FgCYP51B by interacting with FgCYP51B. Taken together, VMA inhibits DON biosynthesis by targeting FgNTH and reducing the interaction between FgNTH and FgPK, and synergizes with DMI fungicides against F. graminearum by decreasing FgCYP51A and FgCYP51B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhong Bian
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qian Xiu
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jueyu Wang
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xian Tao
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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22
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Cao S, Li W, Li C, Wang G, Jiang W, Sun H, Deng Y, Chen H. The CHY-Type Zinc Finger Protein FgChy1 Regulates Polarized Growth, Pathogenicity, and Microtubule Assembly in Fusarium graminearum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:362-375. [PMID: 33369502 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0206-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), as transport tracks, play important roles in hyphal-tip growth in filamentous fungi, but MT-associated proteins involved in polarized growth remain unknown. Here, we found that one novel zinc finger protein, FgChy1, is required for MT morphology and polarized growth in Fusarium graminearum. The Fgchy1 mutant presented curved and directionless growth of hyphae. Importantly, the conidia and germ tubes of the Fgchy1 mutant exhibited badly damaged and less-organized beta-tubulin cytoskeletons. Compared with the wild type, the Fgchy1 mutant lost the ability to maintain polarity and was also more sensitive to the anti-MT drugs carbendazim and nocodazole, likely due to the impaired MT cytoskeleton. Indeed, the hyphae of the wild type treated with nocodazole exhibited a morphology consistent with that of the Fgchy1 mutant. Interestingly, the disruption of FgChy1 resulted in the off-center localization of actin patches and the polarity-related polarisome protein FgSpa2 from the hyphal-tip axis. A similar defect in FgSpa2 localization was also observed in the nocodazole-treated wild-type strain. In addition, FgChy1 is also required for conidiogenesis, septation, sexual reproduction, pathogenicity, and deoxynivalenol production. Overall, this study provides the first demonstrations of the functions of the novel zinc finger protein FgChy1 in polarized growth, development, and virulence in filamentous fungi.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaohui Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqiang Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyu Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaigu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Fu W, Wu N, Ke D, Chen Y, Xu T, Tang G. Discovery of a species-specific novel antifungal compound against Fusarium graminearum through an integrated molecular modeling strategy. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3990-3999. [PMID: 32506565 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyanoacrylate fungicide phenamacril targeting fungal myosin I has been widely used for controlling Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum worldwide. Therefore, there is great interest in the discovery and development of novel FgMyo1 inhibitors through structure-based drug design for the treatment of FHB. RESULTS In this study, the binding mechanism of phenamacril with FgMyo1 was predicted by an integrated molecular modeling strategy. The predicted key phenamacril-binding residues of FgMyo1 were further experimentally validated by point mutagenesis and phenamacril sensitivity assessment. Four novel key residues responsible for phenamacril binding were identified, highlighting the reliability of the theoretical predictions. The subsequent optimization of phenamacril derivatives led to the discovery of a novel compound (10) which shows better activity than phenamacril against conidial germination of F. graminearum, but not against other fungal species. Moreover, 10 also inhibits conidial germination of phenamacril-resistant strains effectively. Further experiments illustrated that application of 10 could dramatically inhibit deoxynivalenol biosynthesis. CONCLUSION Overall, our results further optimize and develop the binding model of phenamacril-myosin I. Furthermore, 10 was found and has the potential to be developed as a species-specific fungicide for management of FHB. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ningjie Wu
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Ke
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianming Xu
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangfei Tang
- Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Maximino SC, Dutra JAP, Rodrigues RP, Gonçalves RCR, Morais PAB, Ventura JA, Schuenck RP, Júnior VL, Kitagawa RR, S Borges W. Synthesis of Eugenol Derivatives and Evaluation of their Antifungal Activity Against Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1532-1542. [PMID: 32242782 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200403120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis is a phytopathogen that causes one of the most destructive diseases in black pepper crops, resulting in significant economic and crop production losses. Consequently, the control of this fungal disease is a matter of current and relevant interest in agriculture. OBJECTIVE The objective was to synthesize eugenol derivatives with antifungal activity. METHODS In this study, using bimolecular nucleophilic substitution and click chemistry approaches, four new and three known eugenol derivatives were obtained. The eugenol derivatives were characterized and their antifungal and cytotoxic effects were evaluated. RESULTS Eugenol derivative 4 (2-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)-3-chloronaphthalene-1,4-dione) was the most active against F. solani f. sp. piperis and showed acceptable cytotoxicity. Compound 4 was two-fold more effective than tebuconazole in an antifungal assay and presented similar cytotoxicity in macrophages. The in silico study of β-glucosidase suggests a potential interaction of 4 with amino acid residues by a cation-π interaction with residue Arg177 followed by a hydrogen bond with Glu596, indicating an important role in the interactions with 4, justifying the antifungal action of this compound. In addition, the cytotoxicity after metabolism was evaluated as a mimic assay with the S9 fraction in HepG2 cells. Compound 4 demonstrated maintenance of cytotoxicity, showing IC50 values of 11.18 ± 0.5 and 9.04 ± 0.2 μg mL-1 without and with the S9 fraction, respectively. In contrast, eugenol (257.9 ± 0.4 and 133.5 ± 0.8 μg mL-1), tebuconazole (34.94 ± 0.2 and 26.76 ± 0.17 μg mL-1) and especially carbendazim (251.0 ± 0.30 and 34.7 ± 0.10 μg mL-1) showed greater cytotoxicity after hepatic biotransformation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that 4 is a potential candidate for use in the design of new and effective compounds that could control this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Maximino
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29047-105,Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Jessyca A P Dutra
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29047-105,Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Rodrigues
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29047-105,Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Rita C R Gonçalves
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29047-105,Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Pedro A B Morais
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Exact, Natural and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - José A Ventura
- Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, Rua Afonso Sarlo 160, Bento Ferreira, 29052-010, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Schuenck
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29047-105,Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Kitagawa
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29047-105,Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Warley S Borges
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29047-105,Vitória, ES, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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25
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Tini F, Beccari G, Onofri A, Ciavatta E, Gardiner DM, Covarelli L. Fungicides may have differential efficacies towards the main causal agents of Fusarium head blight of wheat. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3738-3748. [PMID: 32430980 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a complex disease of wheat and barley caused by several Fusarium species. In recent years, a variation in the composition of the FHB community has been observed in several wheat cultivation areas across the world. In detail, F. avenaceum and F. poae increased their frequencies, while, a lower F. graminearum and F. culmorum incidence was simultaneously observed. These shifts within the FHB complex might have been caused by different factors, including the selective pressure caused by fungicides used to control the disease in the field. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate, both in in vitro experiments and in field trials, the activity of commonly used fungicides of wheat (tebuconazole, metconazole, prothioconazole and prochloraz) towards the above mentioned four Fusarium species. RESULTS A preliminary in vitro assay revealed that low concentrations of all tested fungicides caused the incomplete reduction of fungal development. Furthermore, F. poae and F. avenaceum showed, at the same time, a lower sensitivity to all tested fungicides. In field trials, all fungicides showed an activity against the four Fusarium species. However, F. avenaceum exhibited a reduced sensitivity to metconazole. The lower efficacy of metconazole towards F. avenaceum was also confirmed by an additional in vitro experiment on several F. avenaceum and F. graminearum different strains. CONCLUSION The selective pressure exerted by the extensive use of certain fungicides may influence population dynamics of Fusarium species due to their different sensitivity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Onofri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emiliano Ciavatta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Donald M Gardiner
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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26
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Francesconi S, Steiner B, Buerstmayr H, Lemmens M, Sulyok M, Balestra GM. Chitosan Hydrochloride Decreases Fusarium graminearum Growth and Virulence and Boosts Growth, Development and Systemic Acquired Resistance in Two Durum Wheat Genotypes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4752. [PMID: 33081211 PMCID: PMC7587526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease for cereals. FHB is managed by fungicides at anthesis, but their efficacy is variable. Conventional fungicides accumulate in the soil and are dangerous for animal and human health. This study assayed the antifungal ability of chitosan hydrochloride against Fusarium graminearum. Chitosan reduced F. graminearum growth and downregulated the transcript of the major genes involved in the cell growth, respiration, virulence, and trichothecenes biosynthesis. Chitosan promoted the germination rate, the root and coleoptile development, and the nitrogen balance index in two durum wheat genotypes, Marco Aurelio (FHB-susceptible) and DBC480 (FHB-resistant). Chitosan reduced FHB severity when applied on spikes or on the flag leaves. FHB severity in DBC480 was of 6% at 21 dpi after chitosan treatments compared to F. graminearum inoculated control (20%). The elicitor-like property of chitosan was confirmed by the up-regulation of TaPAL, TaPR1 and TaPR2 (around 3-fold). Chitosan decreased the fungal spread and mycotoxins accumulation. This study demonstrated that the non-toxic chitosan is a powerful molecule with the potential to replace the conventional fungicides. The combination of a moderately resistant genotype (DBC480) with a sustainable compound (chitosan) will open new frontiers for the reduction of conventional compounds in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Francesconi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marc Lemmens
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Giorgio Mariano Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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27
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Batista BG, de Chaves MA, Reginatto P, Saraiva OJ, Fuentefria AM. Human fusariosis: An emerging infection that is difficult to treat. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20200013. [PMID: 32491099 PMCID: PMC7269539 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0013-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium spp. has been associated with a broad spectrum of emerging infections collectively termed fusariosis. This review includes articles published between 2005 and 2018 that describe the characteristics, clinical management, incidence, and emergence of these fungal infections. Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum are globally distributed and represent the most common complexes. Few therapeutic options exist due to intrinsic resistance, especially for the treatment of invasive fusariosis. Therefore, the use of drug combinations could be an important alternative for systemic antifungal resistance. Increase in the number of case reports on invasive fusariosis between 2005 and 2018 is evidence of the emergence of this fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Gerardon Batista
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Magda Antunes de Chaves
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Paula Reginatto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Otávio Jaconi Saraiva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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28
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Werner BT, Gaffar FY, Schuemann J, Biedenkopf D, Koch AM. RNA-Spray-Mediated Silencing of Fusarium graminearum AGO and DCL Genes Improve Barley Disease Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:476. [PMID: 32411160 DOI: 10.1101/821868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, several studies have revealed the enormous potential of RNA-silencing strategies as a potential alternative to conventional pesticides for plant protection. We have previously shown that targeted gene silencing mediated by an in planta expression of non-coding inhibitory double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) can protect host plants against various diseases with unprecedented efficiency. In addition to the generation of RNA-silencing (RNAi) signals in planta, plants can be protected from pathogens, and pests by spray-applied RNA-based biopesticides. Despite the striking efficiency of RNA-silencing-based technologies holds for agriculture, the molecular mechanisms underlying spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) strategies are virtually unresolved, a requirement for successful future application in the field. Based on our previous work, we predict that the molecular mechanism of SIGS is controlled by the fungal-silencing machinery. In this study, we used SIGS to compare the silencing efficiencies of computationally-designed vs. manually-designed dsRNA constructs targeting ARGONAUTE and DICER genes of Fusarium graminearum (Fg). We found that targeting key components of the fungal RNAi machinery via SIGS could protect barley leaves from Fg infection and that the manual design of dsRNAs resulted in higher gene-silencing efficiencies than the tool-based design. Moreover, our results indicate the possibility of cross-kingdom RNA silencing in the Fg-barley interaction, a phenomenon in which sRNAs operate as effector molecules to induce gene silencing between species from different kingdoms, such as a plant host and their interacting pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Timo Werner
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Schuemann
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Biedenkopf
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aline Michaela Koch
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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29
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Höfle L, Biedenkopf D, Werner BT, Shrestha A, Jelonek L, Koch A. Study on the efficiency of dsRNAs with increasing length in RNA-based silencing of the Fusarium CYP51 genes. RNA Biol 2020. [PMID: 31814508 DOI: 10.1101/824953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that transgenic Arabidopsis and barley plants, expressing a 791 nucleotide (nt) dsRNA (CYP3RNA) that targets all three CYP51 genes (FgCYP51A, FgCYP51B, FgCYP51C) in Fusarium graminearum (Fg), inhibited fungal infection via a process designated as host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). More recently, we have shown that spray applications of CYP3RNA also protect barley from fungal infection via a process termed spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). Thus, RNAi technology may have the potential to revolutionize plant protection in agriculture. Therefore, successful field application will require optimization of RNAi design necessary to maximize the efficacy of the RNA silencing construct for making RNAi-based strategies a realistic and sustainable approach in agriculture. Previous studies indicate that silencing is correlated with the number of siRNAs generated from a dsRNA precursor. To prove the hypothesis that silencing efficiency is correlated with the number of siRNAs processed out of the dsRNA precursor, we tested in a HIGS and SIGS approach dsRNA precursors of increasing length ranging from 400 nt to 1500 nt to assess gene silencing efficiency of individual FgCYP51 genes. Concerning HIGS-mediated disease control, we found that there is no significant correlation between the length of the dsRNA precursor and the reduction of Fg infection on CYP51-dsRNA-expressing Arabidopsis plants. Importantly and in clear contrast to HIGS, we measured a decrease in SIGS-mediated Fg disease resistance that significantly correlates with the length of the dsRNA construct that was sprayed, indicating that the size of the dsRNA interferes with a sufficient uptake of dsRNAs by the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Höfle
- Institute of Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - D Biedenkopf
- Institute of Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - B T Werner
- Institute of Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Shrestha
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L Jelonek
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Koch
- Institute of Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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30
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Shi W, Xiang L, Yu D, Gong S, Yang L. Impact of the biofungicide tetramycin on the development of Fusarium head blight, grain yield and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that leads to extensive yield and quality loss in wheat and barley production. Integrated pest management (IPM) is required to control this disease and biofungicides, such as tetramycin, could be a novel addition to IPM strategies. The current study investigated in vitro tetramycin toxicity in Fusarium graminearum and evaluated its effectiveness for the control of Fusarium head blight FHB. Tetramycin was shown to affect three key aspects of Fusarium pathogenicity: spore germination, mycelium growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The in vitro results indicated that tetramycin had strong inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth and spore germination. Field trials indicated that tetramycin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in both the FHB disease index and the level of DON accumulation. The reduced DON content in harvested grain was correlated with the amount of Tri5 mRNA determined by qRT-PCR. Synergistic effects between tetramycin and metconazole, in both the in vitro and field experiments were found. Tetramycin could provide an alternative option to control FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.Q. Shi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, 6 Nanhu Road, Wuhan 430064, China P.R
| | - L.B. Xiang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, 6 Nanhu Road, Wuhan 430064, China P.R
| | - D.Z. Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, 6 Nanhu Road, Wuhan 430064, China P.R
| | - S.J. Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, 6 Nanhu Road, Wuhan 430064, China P.R
| | - L.J. Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, 6 Nanhu Road, Wuhan 430064, China P.R
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Pasquali M, Pallez-Barthel M, Beyer M. Searching molecular determinants of sensitivity differences towards four demethylase inhibitors in Fusarium graminearum field strains. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 164:209-220. [PMID: 32284129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Demethylase inhibitors (DMIs) also referred to as azoles or triazoles are currently the main fungicides used for controlling Fusarium diseases and associated toxins in cereals. DMIs also represent an important class of fungicides used in the medical domain. The level of sensitivity of a set of F. graminearum strains (n = 23), collected over the period 1994-2010 in Luxembourg, Germany, Canada, USA, Italy and Belgium against three DMIs (cyproconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole) used in agriculture and one DMI used in medicine (tioconazole) was assessed using a microplate test. Median molar EC50 values varied 113-fold among DMIs and on average 11-fold within DMIs with cyproconazole and tebuconazole being the least and the most effective ones, respectively. The EC50 values of the two DMIs registered for use against Fusarium species on cereals (propiconazole and tebuconazole) were significantly correlated (r = 0.597**), while no evidence for cross-resistance was obtained for other fungicide combinations. Haplotypes for CYP51A and CYP51C were defined based on snps determining amino acid variations in the two genes. EC50 values of strains with the CYP51A haplotype A0 and the CYP51C haplotype D1 varied greatly for the agricultural DMIs tebuconazole, propiconazole and cyproconazole, but not for the medical DMI tioconazole. None of the mutations and snps that were previously reported to be associated with resistance towards propiconazole was unambiguously related with resistance to tioconazole, because the mutations and snps were found in strains with low as well as with high EC50 values. Our results show that (1) DMI sensitivity of F. graminearum mycelium has been largely stable between 1994 and 2010, (2) effects of snps on sensitivity towards one DMI detected in one set of strains cannot be extrapolated to other DMIs and sets of strains and (3) F. graminearum strains responded differently to DMIs used in agriculture and to a representative of a medical DMI with no evidence for cross-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Pasquali
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20900 Milano, Italy
| | - Marine Pallez-Barthel
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Agro-Environmental Systems, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, LIST, 5 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Beyer
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Agro-Environmental Systems, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, LIST, 5 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Wei LL, Chen WC, Zhao WC, Wang J, Wang BR, Li FJ, Wei MD, Guo J, Chen CJ, Zheng JQ, Wang K. Mutations and Overexpression of CYP51 Associated with DMI-Resistance in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Chili. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:668-676. [PMID: 31951509 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-19-1628-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chili anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is an annual production concern for growers in China. Sterol C14-demethylation inhibitors (DMIs, such as tebuconazole) have been widely used to control this disease for more than three decades. In the current study, of 48 isolates collected from commercial chili farms in Jiangsu Province of China during 2018 and 2019, 8 single-spore isolates were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the rest were identified as C. acutatum. To determine whether the DMI resistance of isolates develops in the field, mycelial growth of the 48 isolates was measured in culture medium with and without tebuconazole. In all, 6 of the 8 C. gloeosporioides isolates were resistant to tebuconazole, but all 40 of the C. acutatum isolates were sensitive to tebuconazole. The fitness cost of resistance was low based on a comparison of fitness parameters between the sensitive and resistant isolates of C. gloeosporioides. Positive cross-resistance was observed between tebuconazole and difenconazole or propiconazole, but not prochloraz. Alignment results of the CgCYP51 amino acid sequences from the sensitive and resistant isolates indicated that mutations can be divided into three genotypes. Genotype I possessed four substitutions (V18F, L58V, S175P, and P341A) at the CgCYP51A gene but no substitutions at CgCYP51B, while genotype II had five substitutions (L58V, S175P, A340S, T379A, and N476T) at CgCYP51A, concomitant with three substitutions (D121N, T132A, and F391Y) at CgCYP51B. In addition, genotype III contained two substitutions (L58V and S175P) at CgCYP51A, concomitant with one substitution (T262A) at CgCYP51B. Molecular docking models illustrated that the affinity of tebuconazole to the binding site of the CgCYP51 protein from the resistant isolates was decreased when compared with binding site affinity of the sensitive isolates. Our findings provide not only novel insights into understanding the resistance mechanism to DMIs, but also some important references for resistance management of C. gloeosporioides on chili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen-Chan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing-Ran Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng-Jie Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meng-di Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Agricultural Science Institute of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Chang-Jun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia-Qiu Zheng
- Agricultural Science Institute of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Agricultural Science Institute of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, Yancheng 224000, China
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Duffeck MR, Dos Santos Alves K, Machado FJ, Esker PD, Del Ponte EM. Modeling Yield Losses and Fungicide Profitability for Managing Fusarium Head Blight in Brazilian Spring Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:370-378. [PMID: 31713459 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-19-0122-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and wheat yield data were gathered from fungicide trials to explore their relationship. Thirty-seven studies over 9 years and 11 locations met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis: FHB index in the untreated check ≥ 5% and the range of index in a trial ≥ 4 percentage points. These studies were grouped into two baseline yields, low (Yl ≤ 3,631 kg ha-1) or high (Yh > 3,631 kg ha-1), defined based on the median of maximum yields across trials. Attainable (disease-free) yields and FHB index were predicted using a wheat crop and a disease model, respectively, in 280 simulated trials (10 planting dates in a 28-year period, 1980 to 2007) for the Passo Fundo location. The damage coefficient was then used to calculate FHB-induced yield loss (penalizing attainable yield) for each experiment. Losses were compared between periods defined as before and after FHB resurge during the early 1990s. Disease reduction from the use of one or two sprays of a triazole fungicide (tebuconazole) was also simulated, based on previous meta-analytic estimates, and the response in yield was used in a profitability analysis. Population-average intercepts but not the slopes differed significantly between Yl (2,883.6 kg ha-1) and Yh (4,419.5 kg ha-1) baseline yields and the damage coefficients were 1.60%-1 and 1.05%-1, respectively. The magnitudes and trends of simulated yield losses were in general agreement with literature reports. The risk of not offsetting the costs of one or two fungicide sprays was generally higher (>0.75) prior to FHB resurgence but fungicide profitability tended to increase in recent years, depending on the year. Our simulations allowed us to reproduce trends in historical losses, and may be further adjusted to test the effect and profitability of different control measures (host resistance, other fungicides, etc.) on quality parameters such as test weight and mycotoxin contamination, should the information become available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul David Esker
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
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Höfle L, Biedenkopf D, Werner BT, Shrestha A, Jelonek L, Koch A. Study on the efficiency of dsRNAs with increasing length in RNA-based silencing of the Fusarium CYP51 genes. RNA Biol 2020; 17:463-473. [PMID: 31814508 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1700033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that transgenic Arabidopsis and barley plants, expressing a 791 nucleotide (nt) dsRNA (CYP3RNA) that targets all three CYP51 genes (FgCYP51A, FgCYP51B, FgCYP51C) in Fusarium graminearum (Fg), inhibited fungal infection via a process designated as host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). More recently, we have shown that spray applications of CYP3RNA also protect barley from fungal infection via a process termed spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). Thus, RNAi technology may have the potential to revolutionize plant protection in agriculture. Therefore, successful field application will require optimization of RNAi design necessary to maximize the efficacy of the RNA silencing construct for making RNAi-based strategies a realistic and sustainable approach in agriculture. Previous studies indicate that silencing is correlated with the number of siRNAs generated from a dsRNA precursor. To prove the hypothesis that silencing efficiency is correlated with the number of siRNAs processed out of the dsRNA precursor, we tested in a HIGS and SIGS approach dsRNA precursors of increasing length ranging from 400 nt to 1500 nt to assess gene silencing efficiency of individual FgCYP51 genes. Concerning HIGS-mediated disease control, we found that there is no significant correlation between the length of the dsRNA precursor and the reduction of Fg infection on CYP51-dsRNA-expressing Arabidopsis plants. Importantly and in clear contrast to HIGS, we measured a decrease in SIGS-mediated Fg disease resistance that significantly correlates with the length of the dsRNA construct that was sprayed, indicating that the size of the dsRNA interferes with a sufficient uptake of dsRNAs by the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Höfle
- Institute of Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - D Biedenkopf
- Institute of Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - B T Werner
- Institute of Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Shrestha
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L Jelonek
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Koch
- Institute of Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Werner BT, Gaffar FY, Schuemann J, Biedenkopf D, Koch AM. RNA-Spray-Mediated Silencing of Fusarium graminearum AGO and DCL Genes Improve Barley Disease Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:476. [PMID: 32411160 PMCID: PMC7202221 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, several studies have revealed the enormous potential of RNA-silencing strategies as a potential alternative to conventional pesticides for plant protection. We have previously shown that targeted gene silencing mediated by an in planta expression of non-coding inhibitory double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) can protect host plants against various diseases with unprecedented efficiency. In addition to the generation of RNA-silencing (RNAi) signals in planta, plants can be protected from pathogens, and pests by spray-applied RNA-based biopesticides. Despite the striking efficiency of RNA-silencing-based technologies holds for agriculture, the molecular mechanisms underlying spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) strategies are virtually unresolved, a requirement for successful future application in the field. Based on our previous work, we predict that the molecular mechanism of SIGS is controlled by the fungal-silencing machinery. In this study, we used SIGS to compare the silencing efficiencies of computationally-designed vs. manually-designed dsRNA constructs targeting ARGONAUTE and DICER genes of Fusarium graminearum (Fg). We found that targeting key components of the fungal RNAi machinery via SIGS could protect barley leaves from Fg infection and that the manual design of dsRNAs resulted in higher gene-silencing efficiencies than the tool-based design. Moreover, our results indicate the possibility of cross-kingdom RNA silencing in the Fg-barley interaction, a phenomenon in which sRNAs operate as effector molecules to induce gene silencing between species from different kingdoms, such as a plant host and their interacting pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Timo Werner
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Schuemann
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Biedenkopf
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aline Michaela Koch
- Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Aline Michaela Koch,
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Mohamed MA, Abd-Elsalam KA. Nanoparticles and gene silencing for suppression of mycotoxins. NANOMYCOTOXICOLOGY 2020:423-448. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-817998-7.00018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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37
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Torres A, Palacios S, Yerkovich N, Palazzini J, Battilani P, Leslie J, Logrieco A, Chulze S. Fusarium head blight and mycotoxins in wheat: prevention and control strategies across the food chain. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With 744 million metric tons produced in 2017/2018, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum durum) are the second most widely produced cereal on a global basis. Prevention or control of wheat diseases may have an enormous impact on global food security and safety. Fusarium head blight is an economically debilitating disease of wheat that reduces the quantity and quality of grain harvested, and may lead to contamination with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, which affects the health of humans and domesticated animals. Current climate change scenarios predict an increase in the number of epidemics caused by this disease. Multiple strategies are available for managing the disease including cultural practices, planting less-susceptible cultivars, crop rotation, and chemical and biological controls. None of these strategies, however, is completely effective by itself, and an integrated approach incorporating multiple controls simultaneously is the only effective strategy to limit the disease and reduce deoxynivalenol contamination in human food and animal feed chains. This review identifies the available tools and strategies for mitigating the damage that can result from Fusarium head blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Torres
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), UNRC-CONICET, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S.A. Palacios
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), UNRC-CONICET, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N. Yerkovich
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), UNRC-CONICET, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J.M. Palazzini
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), UNRC-CONICET, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P. Battilani
- Institute of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - J.F. Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA
| | - A.F. Logrieco
- National Council of Research (CNR), Institute of the Science of Food Production (ISPA), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S.N. Chulze
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), UNRC-CONICET, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
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Liu N, Wu S, Dawood DH, Tang G, Zhang C, Liang J, Chen Y, Ma Z. The b-ZIP transcription factor FgTfmI is required for the fungicide phenamacril tolerance and pathogenecity in Fusarium graminearum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3312-3322. [PMID: 31025482 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cereal crops worldwide mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum. Due to the unavailability of FHB-resistant wheat cultivars, chemical fungicide application is currently the most effective approach for controlling FHB now. In the last few years, a novel cyanoacrylate fungicide, phenamacril, has been widely used in China for FHB disease management. In previous studies, we identified that myosin I (FgMyo1) is the target of phenamacril and is essential for mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis and fungal growth. However, the regulation of FgMYO1 gene expression is still largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, we identified a b-ZIP transcription factor, FgTfmI, which regulates the mRNA expression of FgMYO1 upon phenamacril treatment. The FgTfmI directly binds to the promoter region of FgMYO1, and is required for the upregulation of FgMYO1 in response to phenamacril treatment. The deletion mutant of FgTFMI (ΔFgTfmI) displayed a slight growth defect, while it showed hypersensitivity to phenamacril, but not to other tested fungicides. FgTfmI also contributed to DON biosynthesis and the infection process in planta. CONCLUSIONS The transcription factor FgTfmI plays an important role in regulating transcription of the genes involved in phenamacril tolerance, DON biosynthesis and virulence in F. graminearum. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dawood H Dawood
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Guangfei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Koch A, Höfle L, Werner BT, Imani J, Schmidt A, Jelonek L, Kogel K. SIGS vs HIGS: a study on the efficacy of two dsRNA delivery strategies to silence Fusarium FgCYP51 genes in infected host and non-host plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1636-1644. [PMID: 31603277 PMCID: PMC6859480 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CYP3RNA, a double-stranded (ds)RNA designed to concomitantly target the two sterol 14α-demethylase genes FgCYP51A and FgCYP51B and the fungal virulence factor FgCYP51C, inhibits the growth of the ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum (Fg) in vitro and in planta. Here we compare two different methods (setups) of dsRNA delivery, viz. transgene expression (host-induced gene silencing, HIGS) and spray application (spray-induced gene silencing, SIGS), to assess the activity of CYP3RNA and novel dsRNA species designed to target one or two FgCYP51 genes. Using Arabidopsis and barley, we found that dsRNA designed to target two FgCYP51 genes inhibited fungal growth more efficiently than dsRNA targeting a single gene, although both dsRNA species reduced fungal infection. Either dsRNA delivery method reduced fungal growth stronger than anticipated from previous mutational knock-out (KO) strategies, where single gene KO had no significant effect on fungal viability. Consistent with the strong inhibitory effects of the dsRNAs on fungal development in both setups, we detected to a large extent dsRNA-mediated co-silencing of respective non-target FgCYP51 genes. Together, our data further support the valuation that dsRNA applications have an interesting potential for pesticide target validation and gene function studies, apart from their potential for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Koch
- Institute of PhytopathologyCentre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26D‐35392GiessenGermany
| | - Lisa Höfle
- Institute of PhytopathologyCentre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26D‐35392GiessenGermany
| | - Bernhard Timo Werner
- Institute of PhytopathologyCentre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26D‐35392GiessenGermany
| | - Jafargholi Imani
- Institute of PhytopathologyCentre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26D‐35392GiessenGermany
| | - Alexandra Schmidt
- Institute of PhytopathologyCentre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26D‐35392GiessenGermany
| | - Lukas Jelonek
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 58D‐35392GiessenGermany
| | - Karl‐Heinz Kogel
- Institute of PhytopathologyCentre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26D‐35392GiessenGermany
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Chen Y, Kistler HC, Ma Z. Fusarium graminearum Trichothecene Mycotoxins: Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:15-39. [PMID: 30893009 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of small grain cereals caused by Fusarium graminearum and other Fusarium species is an economically important plant disease worldwide. Fusarium infections not only result in severe yield losses but also contaminate grain with various mycotoxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON). With the complete genome sequencing of F. graminearum, tremendous progress has been made during the past two decades toward understanding the basis for DON biosynthesis and its regulation. Here, we summarize the current understanding of DON biosynthesis and the effect of regulators, signal transduction pathways, and epigenetic modifications on DON production and the expression of biosynthetic TRI genes. In addition, strategies for controlling FHB and DON contamination are reviewed. Further studies on these biosynthetic and regulatory systems will provide useful knowledge for developing novel management strategies to prevent FHB incidence and mycotoxin accumulation in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - H Corby Kistler
- Cereal Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhao Y, Cheng C, Jiang T, Xu H, Chen Y, Ma Z, Qian G, Liu F. Control of Wheat Fusarium Head Blight by Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor (HSAF) from Lysobacter enzymogenes. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1286-1292. [PMID: 30995421 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-18-1517-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF), which belongs to the polycyclic tetramate macrolactam family, was isolated from Lysobacter enzymogenes fermentations and exhibited inhibitory activities against a wide range of fungal pathogens. In this study, the antifungal activity of HSAF against Fusarium graminearum in vitro and in vivo was investigated. A total of 50% of mycelial growth of F. graminearum was suppressed with 4.1 μg/ml of HSAF (EC50 value). HSAF treatment resulted in abnormal morphology of the hyphae, such as curling, apical swelling, and depolarized growth. Furthermore, HSAF adequately inhibited conidial germination and conidiation of F. graminearum with an inhibition rate of 100% when 1 and 6 μg/ml of HSAF were applied, respectively. HSAF caused ultrastructural changes of F. graminearum, including cell wall thickening and plasmolysis. Moreover, the application of HSAF significantly controlled Fusarium head blight in wheat caused by F. graminearum in the field. Overall, these results indicate that HSAF has potential for development as a fungicide against F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhao
- 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China
| | - Chao Cheng
- 2 College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Tianping Jiang
- 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China
- 4 College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Huiyong Xu
- 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- 5 State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China; and
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- 5 State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China; and
| | - Guoliang Qian
- 2 College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- 3 Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, P.R. China
- 6 Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
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Sylvester PN, Lana FD, Mehl HL, Collins AA, Paul PA, Kleczewski NM. Evaluating the Profitability of Foliar Fungicide Programs in Mid-Atlantic Soft-Red Winter Wheat Production. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1627-1637. [PMID: 30673415 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-17-1466-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In mid-Atlantic soft-red winter wheat (SRWW) production, the standard timing for a fungicide application is between flag leaf emergence (Feekes growth stage [FGS] 8) and heading (FGS 10.5). However, two-pass and anthesis (FGS 10.5.1) applications are becoming common, although these programs have not been thoroughly evaluated for disease control, yield, and profitability. Experiments were conducted in the mid-Atlantic in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate fungicide programs with applications at FGS 8, FGS 10.5.1, and two-pass programs with an early application at green-up (FGS 5) followed by (FB) applications at either FGS 8 or FGS 10.5.1. Fungicide programs that included an application at FGS 10.5.1 resulted in the highest probability of no disease on the flag leaf (0.29 to 0.40). The estimated mean yield increases ( D¯ ) relative to the nontreated check ranged from 253.65 to 634.16 kg ha-1. Using a grain price of $0.18 kg-1 ($5 bushel-1), probabilities were similar between applications at FGS 8 (0.49 to 0.56) and FGS 10.5.1 (0.53). The probability of profitability ranged from 0.48 to 0.57 for FGS 5 FB FGS 8 applications and 0.52 to 0.59 for FGS 5 FB FGS 10.5.1 applications, indicating limited benefit to two-pass programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Dalla Lana
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691
| | - Hillary L Mehl
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk 23437
| | - Alyssa A Collins
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, Southeast Agricultural Research & Extension Center, Manheim 17545
| | - Pierce A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
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Nicolli CP, Machado FJ, Spolti P, Del Ponte EM. Fitness Traits of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol-Producing Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Strains from Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1341-1347. [PMID: 30673560 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-17-1943-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum of the 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) chemotype is the main cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat in southern Brazil. However, 3-ADON and nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes have been found in other members of the species complex causing FHB in wheat. To improve our understanding of the pathogen biology and ecology, we assessed a range of fitness-related traits in a sample of 30 strains representatives of 15-ADON (F. graminearum), 3-ADON (F. cortaderiae and F. austroamericanum), and NIV (F. meridionale and F. cortaderiae). These included perithecia formation on three cereal-based substrates, mycelial growth at two suboptimal temperatures, sporulation and germination, pathogenicity toward a susceptible and a moderately resistant cultivar, and sensitivity to tebuconazole. The most important trait favoring F. graminearum was a two times higher sexual fertility (>40% perithecial production index [PPI]) than the other species (<30% PPI); PPI varied among substrates (maize > rice > wheat). In addition, sensitivity to tebuconazole appeared lower in F. graminearum, which had the only strain with effective fungicide concentration to reduce 50% of mycelial growth >1 ppm. In the pathogenicity assays, the deoxynivalenol producers were generally more aggressive (1.5 to 2× higher final severity) toward the two cultivars, with 3-ADON or 15-ADON leading to higher area under the severity curve than the NIV strains in the susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, respectively. There was significant variation among strains of the same species with regards asexual fertility (mycelial growth, macroconidia production, and germination), which suggested a strain- rather than a species-specific difference. These results contribute new knowledge to improve our understanding of the pathogen-related traits that may explain the dominance of certain members of the species complex in specific wheat agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Primieri Nicolli
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Piérri Spolti
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Hellin P, King R, Urban M, Hammond-Kosack KE, Legrève A. The adaptation of Fusarium culmorum to DMI Fungicides Is Mediated by Major Transcriptome Modifications in Response to Azole Fungicide, Including the Overexpression of a PDR Transporter (FcABC1). Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1385. [PMID: 29997598 PMCID: PMC6028722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium culmorum is a fungal pathogen causing economically important diseases on a variety of crops. Fungicides can be applied to control this species with triazoles being the most efficient molecules. F. culmorum strains resistant to these molecules have been reported, but the underlying resistance mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, a tebuconazole-adapted F. culmorum strain was developed with a level of fitness similar to its parental strain. The adapted strain showed cross-resistance to all demethylation inhibitors (DMIs), but not to other classes of fungicides tested. RNA-Seq analysis revealed high transcriptomic differences between the resistant strain and its parental strain after tebuconazole treatment. Among these changes, FcABC1 (FCUL_06717), a pleiotropic drug resistance transporter, had a 30-fold higher expression level upon tebuconazole treatment in the adapted strains as compared to the wild-type strain. The implication of this transporter in triazole resistance was subsequently confirmed in field strains harboring distinct levels of sensitivity to triazoles. FcABC1 is present in other species/genera, including F. graminearum in which it is known to be necessary for azole resistance. No difference in FcABC1 sequences, including the surrounding regions, were found when comparing the resistant strain to the wild-type strain. Fusarium culmorum is therefore capable to adapt to triazole pressure by overexpressing a drug resistance transporter when submitted to triazoles and the same mechanism is anticipated to occur in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hellin
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Robert King
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Urban
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Kim E. Hammond-Kosack
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Legrève
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Takemoto JY, Wegulo SN, Yuen GY, Stevens JA, Jochum CC, Chang CWT, Kawasaki Y, Miller GW. Suppression of wheat Fusarium head blight by novel amphiphilic aminoglycoside fungicide K20. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:465-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Machado AK, Brown NA, Urban M, Kanyuka K, Hammond‐Kosack KE. RNAi as an emerging approach to control Fusarium head blight disease and mycotoxin contamination in cereals. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:790-799. [PMID: 28967180 PMCID: PMC5873435 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a major fungal pathogen of cereals worldwide, causing seedling, stem base and floral diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB). In addition to yield and quality losses, FHB contaminates cereal grain with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol, which are harmful to human, animal and ecosystem health. Currently, FHB control is only partially effective due to several intractable problems. RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism that regulates gene expression. RNAi has been exploited in the development of new genomic tools that allow the targeted silencing of genes of interest in many eukaryotes. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is a transgenic technology used to silence fungal genes in planta during attempted infection and thereby reduces disease levels. HIGS relies on the host plant's ability to produce mobile small interfering RNA molecules, generated from long double-stranded RNA, which are complementary to targeted fungal genes. These molecules are transferred from the plant to invading fungi via an uncharacterised mechanism, to cause gene silencing. Here, we describe recent advances in RNAi-mediated control of plant pathogenic fungi, highlighting the key advantages and disadvantages. We then discuss the developments and implications of combining HIGS with other methods of disease control. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karla Machado
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Neil A Brown
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
- Department of Biology & BiochemistryUniversity of Bath, Claverton DownBathUK
| | - Martin Urban
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Kostya Kanyuka
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
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Machado FJ, Santana FM, Lau D, Del Ponte EM. Quantitative Review of the Effects of Triazole and Benzimidazole Fungicides on Fusarium Head Blight and Wheat Yield in Brazil. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:1633-1641. [PMID: 30677329 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-17-0340-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triazole and benzimidazole fungicides have been used for controlling Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat for over two decades. In Brazil, it was only during the last five years that uniform fungicide trials for FHB control have been established yearly, thus contributing to a new large body of fungicide efficacy data for this country. A systematic review of both peer- and non-peer-reviewed studies on chemical control conducted since 2000 in Brazil was performed. Fungicides of interest were the triazoles tebuconazole (TEBU1x and TEBU2x) and propiconazole (PROP2x), and the benzimidazole carbendazim (CARB2x). Most fungicides were applied twice, the first at early to mid-flowering and the second 7 to 10 days later. Only TEBU was tested as one or two applications, and thus four treatments were evaluated. For these fungicides, there were 35 trials reporting FHB index and 48 reporting mean yield. Network meta-analytic models were fitted to the data of the log of the means of FHB index for each fungicide and for the nontreated check. The meta-analytic estimates were used to obtain control efficacy ( C¯ ), or percent disease reduction relative to the nontreated check. The absolute mean difference ( D¯ ) in yield (kg/ha) between the fungicide-treated and the nontreated check plots was also estimated. Yield response relative to the nontreated check ( Y¯ ) was also calculated based on the difference in the logs of the means of yield between fungicide-treated and nontreated check. The TEBU1x, TEBU2x, and CARB2x treatments performed similarly with regards to control efficacy (= 59%, 53% and 55%, respectively), and although better than PROP2x (47%), the difference was marginally significant. Yield response ( D¯ ) was highest for TEBU2x, ( D¯ = 558 kg/ha, Y¯ = 19.2%) followed by PROP2x (497 kg/ha, 16.0%), TEBU1x (457 kg/ha, 17.3%), and CARB2x (456 kg/ha, 12.8%). For an average 2016 scenario of fungicide plus application costs (FC = $18 U.S./ha) and average wheat price (WP = $215 U.S./MT), the probability of breaking even on the financial investment in the four treatments ranged from 59 to 63%. For 140 scenarios (four fungicides) created based on the combination of five WP ($133 to 266 U.S./MT) and seven FC ($5 to 35 U.S./ha), the probability of breaking even was >50% for all but two scenarios. The information may serve as a guide for planning future trials and provides a baseline and first step toward optimizing FHB management in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas Lau
- Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, 70770-901 RS, Brazil
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48
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Hellin P, Scauflaire J, Van Hese V, Munaut F, Legrève A. Sensitivity of Fusarium culmorum to triazoles: impact of trichothecene chemotypes, oxidative stress response and genetic diversity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1244-1252. [PMID: 27696645 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium culmorum is a fungal pathogen occurring worldwide on various weeds and important crops. Triazoles have been shown to be the most effective fungicide for managing Fusarium spp., but little is known about their specific activity on F. culmorum. RESULTS The sensitivity of 107 F. culmorum strains to triazoles was assessed using microtitre plate assays. The EC50 values ranged from 0.14 to 1.53 mg L-1 for tebuconazole and from 0.25 to 2.47 mg L-1 for epoxiconazole. Cross-resistance to both azoles was found (r = 0.61). F. culmorum appeared to be significantly more sensitive than F. graminearum or F. cerealis. No increase in the mean EC50 was observed over time, which might be related to an unfavourable fitness cost, measured here as fungal growth. On average, nivalenol-producing strains of F. culmorum were significantly more resistant than deoxynivalenol-producing strains. The relationship between resistance and chemotype-dependent adaptation to oxidative stress was investigated, but remained unclear. No link between inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) genetic diversity and triazole resistance could be established. CONCLUSION Fungicide use might not be a driving force in the evolution of F. culmorum, and the benefit of a resistance trait probably does not outweigh its costs. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hellin
- Université Catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Scauflaire
- Université Catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Viviane Van Hese
- Université Catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Françoise Munaut
- Université Catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Anne Legrève
- Université Catholique de Louvain - Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Phytopathology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Dweba C, Figlan S, Shimelis H, Motaung T, Sydenham S, Mwadzingeni L, Tsilo T. Fusarium head blight of wheat: Pathogenesis and control strategies. CROP PROTECTION 2017. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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50
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Wollenberg RD, Donau SS, Nielsen TT, Sørensen JL, Giese H, Wimmer R, Søndergaard TE. Real-time imaging of the growth-inhibitory effect of JS399-19 on Fusarium. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 134:24-30. [PMID: 27914536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Real-time imaging was used to study the effects of a novel Fusarium-specific cyanoacrylate fungicide (JS399-19) on growth and morphology of four Fusarium sp. This fungicide targets the motor domain of type I myosin. Fusarium graminearum PH-1, Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi 77-13-4, Fusarium avenaceum IBT8464, and Fusarium avenaceum 05001, which has a K216Q amino-acid substitution at the resistance-implicated site in its myosin type I motor domain, were analyzed. Real-time imaging shows that JS399-19 inhibits fungal growth but not to the extent previously reported. The fungicide causes the hypha to become entangled and unable to extend vertically. This implies that type I myosin in Fusarium is essential for hyphal and mycelia propagation. The K216Q substitution correlates with reduced susceptibility in F. avenaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus D Wollenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Søren S Donau
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn T Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens L Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henriette Giese
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Teis E Søndergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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