1
|
Sadras V, Guirao M, Moreno A, Fereres A. Inter-virus relationships in mixed infections and virus-drought relationships in plants: a quantitative review. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1786-1799. [PMID: 37902568 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Inter-virus relationships in mixed infections and virus-drought relationships are important in agriculture and natural vegetation. In this quantitative review, we sampled published factorial experiments to probe for relationships against the null hypothesis of additivity. Our sample captured antagonistic, additive and synergistic inter-virus relationships in double infections. Virus-drought relationships in our sample were additive or antagonistic, reinforcing the notion that viruses have neutral or positive effects on droughted plants, or that drought enhances plant tolerance to viruses. Both inter-virus and virus-drought relationships vary with virus species, host plant to the level of cultivar or accession, timing of infection, plant age and trait and growing conditions. The trait-dependence of these relationships has implications for resource allocation in plants. Owing to lagging theories, more experimental research in these fields is bound to return phenomenological outcomes. Theoretical work can advance in two complementary directions. First, the effective theory models the behaviour of the system without specifying all the underlying causes that lead to system state change. Second, mechanistic theory based on a nuanced view of the plant phenotype that explicitly considers downward causation; the influence of the plant phenotype on inter-virus relations and vice versa; the impact of timing, intensity and duration of drought interacting with viruses to modulate the plant phenotype; both the soil (moisture) and atmospheric (vapour pressure deficit) aspects of drought. Theories should scale in time, from short term to full growing season, and in levels of organisation up to the relevant traits: crop yield in agriculture and fitness in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sadras
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria Guirao
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Devendran R, Kavalappara SR, Simmons AM, Bag S. Whitefly-Transmitted Viruses of Cucurbits in the Southern United States. Viruses 2023; 15:2278. [PMID: 38005954 PMCID: PMC10675411 DOI: 10.3390/v15112278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbits are economically important crops that are widely cultivated in many parts of the world, including the southern US. In recent years, higher temperatures have favored the rapid build-up of whiteflies in the fall-grown cucurbits in this region. As a result, whitefly-transmitted viruses (WTVs) have severely impacted the marketable yield of cucurbits. In this review, we discuss three major groups of WTVs negatively impacting cucurbit cultivation in the southern US, including begomoviruses, criniviruses, and ipomoviruses. Here, we discuss the available information on the biology, epidemiology and advances made toward detecting and managing these viruses, including sources of resistance and cultural practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alvin M. Simmons
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414, USA
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang HH, Gustian D, Chang CJ, Jan FJ. Virus-virus interactions alter the mechanical transmissibility and host range of begomoviruses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1092998. [PMID: 37332697 PMCID: PMC10275492 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1092998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Begomoviruses are mainly transmitted by whiteflies. However, a few begomoviruses can be transmitted mechanically. Mechanical transmissibility affects begomoviral distribution in the field. Materials and methods In this study, two mechanically transmissible begomoviruses, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-oriental melon isolate (ToLCNDV-OM) and tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), and two nonmechanically transmissible begomoviruses, ToLCNDV-cucumber isolate (ToLCNDV-CB) and tomato leaf curl Taiwan virus (ToLCTV), were used to study the effects of virus-virus interactions on mechanical transmissibility. Results Nicotiana benthamiana and host plants were coinoculated through mechanical transmission with inoculants derived from plants that were mix-infected or inoculants derived from individually infected plants, and the inoculants were mixed immediately before inoculation. Our results showed that ToLCNDV-CB was mechanically transmitted with ToLCNDV-OM to N. benthamiana, cucumber, and oriental melon, whereas ToLCTV was mechanically transmitted with TYLCTHV to N. benthamiana and tomato. For crossing host range inoculation, ToLCNDV-CB was mechanically transmitted with TYLCTHV to N. benthamiana and its nonhost tomato, while ToLCTV with ToLCNDV-OM was transmitted to N. benthamiana and its nonhost oriental melon. For sequential inoculation, ToLCNDV-CB and ToLCTV were mechanically transmitted to N. benthamiana plants that were either preinfected with ToLCNDV-OM or TYLCTHV. The results of fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses showed that the nuclear shuttle protein of ToLCNDV-CB (CBNSP) and the coat protein of ToLCTV (TWCP) localized alone to the nucleus. When coexpressed with movement proteins of ToLCNDV-OM or TYLCTHV, CBNSP and TWCP relocalized to both the nucleus and the cellular periphery and interacted with movement proteins. Discussion Our findings indicated that virus-virus interactions in mixed infection circumstances could complement the mechanical transmissibility of nonmechanically transmissible begomoviruses and alter their host range. These findings provide new insight into complex virus-virus interactions and will help us to understand the begomoviral distribution and to reevaluate disease management strategies in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Hsiung Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Deri Gustian
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jan Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, United States
| | - Fuh-Jyh Jan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammed D, Adhab M, Al-Kuwaiti N. Molecular characterization of viruses associated to leaf curl disease complex on zucchini squash in Iraq reveals Deng primer set could distinguish between New and Old World Begomoviruses. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210050. [PMID: 34730743 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of begomoviruses has led to significant losses in vegetable production in the recent years. Squash leaf curl disease (SqLCD) is caused by begomoviruses, and the infected plants show leaf curl symptoms on zucchini squash. In this study, we characterized the begomoviruses responsible for SqLCD symptoms and economic losses in zucchini major growing area near Baghdad and Babylon provinces. PCR amplification was performed to screen for begomovirus infection using Deng (a begomovirus specific) primer set. Sequence comparison confirmed the detection of two begomoviruses; Tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPMV) and Squash leaf curl virus (SLCuV), in symptomatic zucchini samples when shared 99.14 and 99.50% maximum nucleotide (nt) identities with coat protein CP gene, respectively. All samples collected from Baghdad/Al-Jadriya were ToLCPMV infected while those collected from Babylon/Jibela were SLCuV infected. Moreover, mixed infection of the two viruses was detected in all zucchini squash samples collected from Baghdad/Yusufiyah. Evidence is provided here of the relevance of the wild species Malva neglecta and Datura stramonium as reservoir of begomoviruses that cause epedemics of leaf curl disease in zucchini squash in Iraq. Neighbor joining (NJ) Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the relatedness when diverged virus sequences in separated groups based on CP gene. The high nt identity suggests the two begomoviruses may recently be introduced to Iraq and could be a serious threatening to squash cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Mohammed
- University of Baghdad, Plant Protection Department, Al-Jadriya, 10071, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mustafa Adhab
- University of Baghdad, Plant Protection Department, Al-Jadriya, 10071, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nawres Al-Kuwaiti
- University of Baghdad, Plant Protection Department, Al-Jadriya, 10071, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Identification of the Begomoviruses Squash Leaf Curl Virus and Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus in Various Plant Samples in North America. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050810. [PMID: 33946382 PMCID: PMC8147125 DOI: 10.3390/v13050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Geminiviruses are a group of plant-infecting viruses with single-stranded DNA genomes. Within this family, viruses in the genus Begomovirus are known to have a worldwide distribution causing a range of severe diseases in a multitude of dicotyledonous plant species. Begomoviruses are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, and their ssDNA genomes can be either monopartite or bipartite. As part of a viral survey, various plants including those in the families Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cactaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Oleaceae and Solanaceae were sampled and screened for begomoviruses using both a high-throughput sequencing and a begomovirus-specific primer pair approach. Based on the sequences derived using these approaches, the full-length genome of various begomoviruses were amplified from plants using abutting primers. Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) and watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WCSV) were identified in Cactaceae (n = 25), Solanaceae (n = 7), Cucurbitaceae (n = 2) and Lamiaceae (n = 1) samples. WCSV is an Old World bipartite begomovirus that has only recently been discovered infecting watermelons in the Americas. Our discovery of WCSV in the USA is the first indication that it has reached this country and indicates that this virus might be widespread throughout North America. Phylogenetic analysis suggests WCSV was introduced to the New World twice. The detection of begomoviruses in cactus plants suggests possible spillover events from agricultural areas into native vegetation. Since WCSV and SLCV have previously been found in mixed infections, pseudo-recombination infection experiments were conducted. We demonstrate that WCSV DNA-B is successfully trans-replicated by SLCV DNA-A despite very low degree of similarity between the replication-associated iterative sequences present in their common region, an essential feature for binding of the replication associated protein. This study highlights the importance of viral surveys for the detection of spillover events into native vegetation, but also suggests the need for more surveillance of WCSV in the USA, as this virus is a serious threat to watermelon cultivation in the Middle East.
Collapse
|
6
|
Basu S, Singh AK, Singh D, Sahu SK, Chakraborty S. Role of viral suppressors governing asymmetric synergism between tomato-infecting begomoviruses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1107-1121. [PMID: 33417040 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mixed viral infections are common in fields and frequently exacerbate disease severity via synergistic interactions among individual viral genomic components leading to major crop loss. Two predominant species of tomato-infecting begomoviruses, Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus (ToLCGuV), are known to cause severe leaf curl disease of tomato in India. Previously, we have demonstrated asymmetric synergism between these two distinct begomovirus species during mixed infection in solanaceous hosts. In the present study, we have identified the underlying proteins that positively regulate asymmetric synergism and their effect on plant defense machinery. During co-infection, the AC2 and AV2 of ToLCGuV enhanced ToLCNDV DNA accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana as well as in their natural host, tomato. Furthermore, we found that AC2 and AV2 of ToLCNDV and AV2 of ToLCGuV play a critical role in suppression of post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) machinery. Taken together, AC2 and AV2 encoded proteins of ToLCGuV are the crucial viral factors promoting asymmetric synergism with ToLCNDV. KEY POINTS: • Begomoviral suppressors play vital roles in viral synergism. • AC2 and AV2 of ToLCGuV asymmetrically enhance ToLCNDV accumulation. • AC2 and AV2 of ToLCNDV and ToLCGuV AV2 are major PTGS suppressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumik Basu
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Sanjeeb Kumar Sahu
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Orfanidou C, Katsiani A, Papayiannis L, Katis NI, Maliogka VI. Interplay of Cucurbit Yellow Stunting Disorder Virus With Cucurbit Chlorotic Yellows Virus and Transmission Dynamics by Bemisia tabaci MED. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:416-424. [PMID: 32706325 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-20-0621-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) and cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) are two closely related criniviruses that often coinfect cucurbits and are associated with cucurbit yellows disease. Both viruses are distributed worldwide and are transmitted in a semipersistent manner by the whitefly vectors Bemisia tabaci MED or MEAM1. The major goal of this study was to provide insight into the interaction of CCYV and CYSDV in cucumber and to study the effect on transmission by B. tabaci MED. The titers of both viruses were estimated in single- and dually infected cucumber plants via reverse transcription PCR assays. In mixed infections, the accumulation of both viruses was significantly decreased. When B. tabaci MED adults were placed on cucumber infected with both viruses, their simultaneous transmission efficiency was significantly higher, whereas transmission efficiency of each individual virus was low. Moreover, nonviruliferous whiteflies preferentially settled on crinivirus-infected cucumber plants, whereas viruliferous whiteflies were attracted by healthy cucumber plants. Finally, the titer of both viruses was calculated in five commercial cucumber hybrids, followed by subsequent transmission experiments. Our results show that although the titers of CYSDV and CCYV were significantly lower in mixed infections in cucumbers, their simultaneous transmission increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Orfanidou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asimina Katsiani
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos I Katis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Varvara I Maliogka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Domingo-Calap ML, Moreno AB, Díaz Pendón JA, Moreno A, Fereres A, López-Moya JJ. Assessing the Impact on Virus Transmission and Insect Vector Behavior of a Viral Mixed Infection in Melon. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:174-186. [PMID: 31502517 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-19-0126-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mixed viral infections in plants are common, and can result in synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Except in complex diseases with severe symptoms, mixed infections frequently remain unnoticed, and their impact on insect vector transmission is largely unknown. In this study, we considered mixed infections of two unrelated viruses commonly found in melon plants, the crinivirus cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) and the potyvirus watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and evaluated their vector transmission by whiteflies and aphids, respectively. Their dynamics of accumulation was analyzed until 60 days postinoculation (dpi) in mixed-infected plants, documenting reduced titers of WMV and much higher titers of CYSDV compared with single infections. At 24 dpi, corresponding to the peak of CYSDV accumulation, similar whitefly transmission rates were obtained when comparing either individual or mixed-infected plants as CYSDV sources, although its secondary dissemination was slightly biased toward plants previously infected with WMV, regardless of the source plant. However, at later time points, mixed-infected plants partially recovered from the initially severe symptoms, and CYSDV transmission became significantly higher. Interestingly, aphid transmission rates both at early and late time points were unaltered when WMV was acquired from mixed-infected plants despite its reduced accumulation. This lack of correlation between WMV accumulation and transmission could result from compensatory effects observed in the analysis of the aphid feeding behavior by electrical penetration graphs. Thus, our results showed that mixed-infected plants could provide advantages for both viruses, directly favoring CYSDV dissemination while maintaining WMV transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Domingo-Calap
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Beatriz Moreno
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Díaz Pendón
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Moreno
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ICA, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ICA, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José López-Moya
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Medina-Hernández D, Caamal-Chan MG, Vargas-Salinas M, Loera-Muro A, Barraza A, Holguín-Peña RJ. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a Squash leaf curl virus isolate from Baja California Sur, Mexico. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6774. [PMID: 31024774 PMCID: PMC6475161 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The begomovirus, squash leaf curl virus (SLCuV) is one of the causal agents of squash leaf curl (SLC) disease, which is among the most destructive diseases of cucurbit crops in tropical, subtropical, and semiarid regions worldwide. This disease was originally reported in the American continent with subsequent spread to the Mediterranean basin. Up to now, SLCuV has only been detected by PCR in Mexico. This study provides the first complete sequence of a Mexican SLCuV isolate from Baja California Sur (BCS). In addition, the genome of the virus was characterized, establishing its phylogenetic relationship with other SLCuV isolates. Methods The full genome (DNA-A and DNA-B) was amplified by rolling circle amplification, cloned and sequenced and the open reading frames (ORF) were annotated. Virus identification was performed according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) criteria for begomovirus species demarcation. To infer evolutionary relationship with other SLCuV isolates, phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed. Results The SLCuV-[MX-BCS-La Paz-16] genome (DNA-A and DNA-B) had 99% identity with SLCuV reference genomes. The phylogenetic analysis showed that SLCuV-[MX-BCS-La Paz-16] is closely related to SLCuV isolates from the Middle East (Egypt, Israel, Palestine and Lebanon). No evidence of interspecific recombination was determined and iterons were 100% identical in all isolates in the SLCuV clade. Conclusions SLCuV-[MX-BCS-La Paz-16] showed low genetic variability in its genome, which could be due to a local adaptation process (isolate environment), suggesting that SLCuV isolates from the Middle East could have derived from the southwestern United States of America (USA) and northwestern Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Medina-Hernández
- Programa de Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - M Goretty Caamal-Chan
- Programa de Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, CONACYT-CIBNOR, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Mayela Vargas-Salinas
- Programa de Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Abraham Loera-Muro
- Programa de Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, CONACYT-CIBNOR, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Aarón Barraza
- Programa de Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, CONACYT-CIBNOR, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Ramón Jaime Holguín-Peña
- Programa de Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rojas MR, Macedo MA, Maliano MR, Soto-Aguilar M, Souza JO, Briddon RW, Kenyon L, Rivera Bustamante RF, Zerbini FM, Adkins S, Legg JP, Kvarnheden A, Wintermantel WM, Sudarshana MR, Peterschmitt M, Lapidot M, Martin DP, Moriones E, Inoue-Nagata AK, Gilbertson RL. World Management of Geminiviruses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:637-677. [PMID: 30149794 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Management of geminiviruses is a worldwide challenge because of the widespread distribution of economically important diseases caused by these viruses. Regardless of the type of agriculture, management is most effective with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach that involves measures before, during, and after the growing season. This includes starting with resistant cultivars and virus- and vector-free transplants and propagative plants. For high value vegetables, protected culture (e.g., greenhouses and screenhouses) allows for effective management but is limited owing to high cost. Protection of young plants in open fields is provided by row covers, but other measures are typically required. Measures that are used for crops in open fields include roguing infected plants and insect vector management. Application of insecticide to manage vectors (whiteflies and leafhoppers) is the most widely used measure but can cause undesirable environmental and human health issues. For annual crops, these measures can be more effective when combined with host-free periods of two to three months. Finally, given the great diversity of the viruses, their insect vectors, and the crops affected, IPM approaches need to be based on the biology and ecology of the virus and vector and the crop production system. Here, we present the general measures that can be used in an IPM program for geminivirus diseases, specific case studies, and future challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Rojas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Monica A Macedo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Minor R Maliano
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Maria Soto-Aguilar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Juliana O Souza
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| | - Rob W Briddon
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rafael F Rivera Bustamante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico 36821
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia/Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Scott Adkins
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA
| | - James P Legg
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anders Kvarnheden
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter and Linnean Center for Plant Biology in Uppsala, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William M Wintermantel
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California 93905, USA
| | - Mysore R Sudarshana
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Michel Peterschmitt
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Moshe Lapidot
- Department of Vegetable Research, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Darren P Martin
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Enrique Moriones
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental "La Mayora," Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga 29750, Spain
| | | | - Robert L Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; , ,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Leibman D, Kravchik M, Wolf D, Haviv S, Weissberg M, Ophir R, Paris HS, Palukaitis P, Ding S, Gaba V, Gal‐On A. Differential expression of cucumber RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 genes during antiviral defence and resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:300-312. [PMID: 27879040 PMCID: PMC6637986 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (RDR1) plays a crucial role in plant defence against viruses. In this study, it was observed that cucumber, Cucumis sativus, uniquely encodes a small gene family of four RDR1 genes. The cucumber RDR1 genes (CsRDR1a, CsRDR1b and duplicated CsRDR1c1/c2) shared 55%-60% homology in their encoded amino acid sequences. In healthy cucumber plants, RDR1a and RDR1b transcripts were expressed at higher levels than transcripts of RDR1c1/c2, which were barely detectable. The expression of all four CsRDR1 genes was induced by virus infection, after which the expression level of CsRDR1b increased 10-20-fold in several virus-resistant cucumber cultivars and in a broad virus-resistant transgenic cucumber line expressing a high level of transgene small RNAs, all without alteration in salicylic acid (SA) levels. By comparison, CsRDR1c1/c2 genes were highly induced (25-1300-fold) in susceptible cucumber cultivars infected with RNA or DNA viruses. Inhibition of RDR1c1/c2 expression led to increased virus accumulation. Ectopic application of SA induced the expression of cucumber RDR1a, RDR1b and RDRc1/c2 genes. A constitutive high level of RDR1b gene expression independent of SA was found to be associated with broad virus resistance. These findings show that multiple RDR1 genes are involved in virus resistance in cucumber and are regulated in a coordinated fashion with different expression profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Leibman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| | - Michael Kravchik
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| | - Dalia Wolf
- Department of Vegetable and Field CropsAgricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| | - Sabrina Haviv
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| | - Mira Weissberg
- Department of Fruit Tree SciencesAgricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| | - Ron Ophir
- Department of Fruit Tree SciencesAgricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| | - Harry S. Paris
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Plant GeneticsAgricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, PO Box 1021RamatYishay30‐095Israel
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticultural SciencesSeoul Women's UniversityNowon‐guSeoul01797South Korea
| | - Shou‐Wei Ding
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology & Institute for Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiverside, CA92521USA
| | - Victor Gaba
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| | - Amit Gal‐On
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research Organization, Volcani CenterBet Dagan50250Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdel-Sala AM, Mujaddad-U M, El-Saghir SM. Genetic Diversity, Natural Host Range and Molecular Pathogenesis of Begomovirus-associated Betasatellites in Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijv.2017.29.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
13
|
Reingold V, Lachman O, Sela N, Luria N, Dombrovsky A. Watermelon Fruit Rot Disease in Israel is Caused by a Distinct Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) Strain. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:1176-1183. [PMID: 30682283 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-15-1040-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In spring 2014, unfamiliar watermelon disease symptoms were observed on 1,000 ha of watermelon plants (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) growing in open fields in Jordan and Beit-She'an Valleys, Israel. These represented systemic wilt and yellowing of leaves with necrosis on leaves and stems, in some cases leading to plant dieback, fruit exocarp deterioration, and rotting of the fleshy mesocarp, leading to unmarketable fruit. Virus purification was carried out from watermelon exocarp and necrotic leaves, and transmission electron microscopy revealed viral particles with flexible filamentous morphology. The disease was transmitted by mechanical inoculation from symptomatic fruit and by the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci from symptomatic to healthy cucurbits. A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was conducted on purified virus preparation of Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) using specific primers targeting the capsid protein gene revealing the expected amplicon size. The complete viral genome was sequenced and assembled by next-generation sequencing (NGS) Illumina MiSeq of small interfering RNA purified from symptomatic watermelon fruit, producing 92% genome coverage, and RT-PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing to close the genome gaps, validating the NGS sequence. The complete SqVYV-IL genome sequence shared 84% nucleotide sequence identity with the two complete genomes of SqVYV isolates from Florida, and 91% identity with the deduced amino acid sequence of the viral polyprotein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Reingold
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Oded Lachman
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Noa Sela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Neta Luria
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gilbertson RL, Batuman O, Webster CG, Adkins S. Role of the Insect SupervectorsBemisia tabaciandFrankliniella occidentalisin the Emergence and Global Spread of Plant Viruses. Annu Rev Virol 2015; 2:67-93. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616; ,
| | - Ozgur Batuman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616; ,
| | - Craig G. Webster
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945; ,
| | - Scott Adkins
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945; ,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Esmaeili M, Heydarnejad J, Massumi H, Varsani A. Analysis of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus and tomato leaf curl Palampur virus mixed and pseudo-recombination infections. Virus Genes 2015; 51:408-16. [PMID: 26433951 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) and tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPMV) are limiting factors for cucurbit production in south and southeastern Iran. ToLCPMV infects all cucurbit crops (except watermelons) whereas WmCSV is somewhat limited to watermelon, causing detrimental effects on fruit production. In a survey, we detected WmCSV in all watermelon growing farms in Fars province (southern Iran). Given that WmCSV and ToLCPMV are present in the same geographical location in Iran, we studied the interaction of two viruses. Co-infection using agroinfectious clones of WmCSV and ToLCPMV caused severe symptoms in watermelon and zucchini in comparison to symptoms observed from individual infections. Interestingly, inoculation of zucchini with WmCSV DNA-A and ToLCPMV DNA-B agroinfectious clones or vice versa produced a viable pseudo-recombinant and induced systemic symptoms. This demonstrates that replication-associated protein of DNA-A of each virus is able to bind to cis elements of the DNA-B molecules of another virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Esmaeili
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jahangir Heydarnejad
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hossain Massumi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arvind Varsani
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.,Department of Plant Pathology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, and Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Turechek WW, Roberts PD, Stansly PA, Webster CG, Kousik CS, Adkins S. Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Squash vein yellowing virus Infections in Watermelon. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:1671-1680. [PMID: 30703883 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-13-1094-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) is a whitefly-transmitted ipomovirus infecting watermelon and other cucurbits that was recently introduced to Florida. Effects on watermelon are devastating, with total vine collapse, often near harvest, and fruit rendered unmarketable by brown, discolored flesh. The epidemiology of SqVYV was studied in a 1-ha field of 'Fiesta' watermelon over six growing seasons (I to VI) to characterize the spatial patterning of disease and temporal rate of disease progress, as well as its association with Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), two additional whitefly-transmitted viruses that often occur with SqVYV. The field was scouted at regular intervals for the length of the season for incidence of virus and number of whiteflies. Incidence of SqVYV reached 100% during seasons I, II, and V and 20% during season III. SqVYV did not occur during seasons IV and VI. SqVYV progressed in a characteristic logistic fashion in seasons I, II, and V but less so in season III. The rate of disease progress was similar for the three seasons with high disease incidence, with an average value of 0.18. A positive correlation between the area under the disease progress curve and whitefly-days was found, where both progress curves were calculated as a function of thermal time (degree days, base 0°C). SqVYV displayed significant but variable levels of aggregation, as indicated by its fit to the β-binomial distribution, the binary power law, and ordinary runs analysis. Association analysis indicated that the viruses were largely transmitted independently. Results of this study provide epidemiological information that will be useful in the development of management strategies for SqVYV-induced vine decline, and provide new information for CuLCrV and CYSDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William W Turechek
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945
| | - Pamela D Roberts
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee 34142
| | - Philip A Stansly
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee 34142
| | | | | | - Scott Adkins
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kollenberg M, Winter S, Götz M. Quantification and localization of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Geminiviridae) in populations of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) with differential virus transmission characteristics. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111968. [PMID: 25365330 PMCID: PMC4218829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is one of the economically most damaging insects to crops in tropical and subtropical regions. Severe damage is caused by feeding and more seriously by transmitting viruses. Those of the genus begomovirus (Geminiviridae) cause the most significant crop diseases and are transmitted by B. tabaci in a persistent circulative mode, a process which is largely unknown. To analyze the translocation and to identify critical determinants for transmission, two populations of B. tabaci MEAM1 were compared for transmitting Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Insect populations were chosen because of their high and respectively low virus transmission efficiency to compare uptake and translocation of virus through insects. Both populations harbored Rickettsia, Hamiltonella and Wolbachia in comparable ratios indicating that endosymbionts might not contribute to the different transmission rates. Quantification by qPCR revealed that WmCSV uptake and virus concentrations in midguts and primary salivary glands were generally higher than TYLCV due to higher virus contents of the source plants. Both viruses accumulated higher in insects from the efficiently compared to the poorly transmitting population. In the latter, virus translocation into the hemolymph was delayed and virus passage was impeded with limited numbers of viruses translocated. FISH analysis confirmed these results with similar virus distribution found in excised organs of both populations. No virus accumulation was found in the midgut lumen of the poor transmitter because of a restrained virus translocation. Results suggest that the poorly transmitting population comprised insects that lacked transmission competence. Those were selected to develop a population that lacks virus transmission. Investigations with insects lacking transmission showed that virus concentrations in midguts were reduced and only negligible virus amounts were found at the primary salivary glands indicating for a missing or modified receptor responsible for virus attachment or translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kollenberg
- Plant Virus Department, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Winter
- Plant Virus Department, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Monika Götz
- Plant Virus Department, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lapidot M, Gelbart D, Gal-On A, Sela N, Anfoka G, Haj Ahmed F, Abou-Jawada Y, Sobh H, Mazyad H, Aboul-Ata AAE, Kamal El-Attar A, Ali-Shtayeh MS, Jamous RM, Polston JE, Duffy S. Frequent migration of introduced cucurbit-infecting begomoviruses among Middle Eastern countries. Virol J 2014; 11:181. [PMID: 25300752 PMCID: PMC4201715 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the early 2000s, two cucurbit-infecting begomoviruses were introduced into the eastern Mediterranean basin: the Old World Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) and the New World Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV). These viruses have been emerging in parallel over the last decade in Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine. METHODS We explored this unique situation by assessing the diversity and biogeography of the DNA-A component of SLCV and WmCSV in these five countries. RESULTS There was fairly low sequence variation in both begomovirus species (SLCV π = 0.0077; WmCSV π = 0.0066). Both viruses may have been introduced only once into the eastern Mediterranean basin, but once established, these viruses readily moved across country boundaries. SLCV has been introduced at least twice into each of all five countries based on the absence of monophyletic clades. Similarly, WmCSV has been introduced multiple times into Jordan, Israel and Palestine. CONCLUSIONS We predict that uncontrolled movement of whiteflies among countries in this region will continue to cause SLCV and WmCSV migration, preventing strong genetic differentiation of these viruses among these countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Lapidot
- />Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250 Israel
| | - Dana Gelbart
- />Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250 Israel
| | - Amit Gal-On
- />Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250 Israel
| | - Noa Sela
- />Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan, 50250 Israel
| | - Ghandi Anfoka
- />Department of Biotechnology, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117 Jordan
| | - Fatima Haj Ahmed
- />Department of Biotechnology, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117 Jordan
| | - Yusuf Abou-Jawada
- />Department of Biotechnology, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117 Jordan
| | - Hana Sobh
- />Department of Biotechnology, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117 Jordan
| | - Hamed Mazyad
- />Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohammed S Ali-Shtayeh
- />Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Unit, Biodiversity & Environmental Research Center (BERC), P.O.B. 696, Til-Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rana M Jamous
- />Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Unit, Biodiversity & Environmental Research Center (BERC), P.O.B. 696, Til-Nablus, Palestine
| | - Jane E Polston
- />Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Siobain Duffy
- />Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abrahamian PE, Seblani R, Sobh H, Abou-Jawdah Y. Detection and quantitation of two cucurbit criniviruses in mixed infection by real-time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:320-6. [PMID: 23810855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) are whitefly-transmitted criniviruses infecting cucurbit crops inducing similar symptoms. Single and multiplex RT-PCR protocols were developed and evaluated on cucurbit samples collected from commercial greenhouses. Primers and probes were designed from the highly conserved heat shock protein 70 homolog (Hsp70h) gene. Conventional RT-PCR and multiplex RT-PCR assays showed high specificity and suitability for routine screening. TaqMan-based quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) protocols were also developed for the detection and quantitation of both viruses occurring in single or mixed infection. The assays proved to be highly specific with no cross amplification. RT-qPCR assays showed a 100-1000 times improved sensitivity over conventional RT-PCR. Virus titers in mixed infections were compared to singly infected plants by RT-qPCR. CYSDV and CCYV titers decreased in double infected plants. This paper reports highly specific conventional RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR assays for detection, quantitation and differentiation between two closely related cucurbit-infecting criniviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Abrahamian
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Detection and quantitation of the new world Squash leaf curl virus by TaqMan real-time PCR. J Virol Methods 2013; 191:76-81. [PMID: 23583490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Squash leaf curl diseases are caused by distinct virus species that are separated into two major phylogenetic groups, western and eastern hemisphere groups. The western group includes the new world Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) which causes major losses to cucurbit production and induces severe stunting and leaf curl in squash plants. A TaqMan-based real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay has been developed for detection and quantitation of SLCV. Designed primers and probe targeted the AV1 (coat protein) gene and in silico analysis showed that they detect a large number of SLCV isolates. The developed assay could detect the virus in 18fg of total nucleic acid and 30 genomic units. The qPCR assay was about 1000 times more sensitive than PCR and amplified successfully SLCV from a wide range of cucurbit hosts and from viruliferous whiteflies. The developed qPCR assay should be suitable for detection and quantitation purposes for all reported SLCV isolates of the western hemisphere.
Collapse
|
21
|
Syller J. Facilitative and antagonistic interactions between plant viruses in mixed infections. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2012; 13:204-16. [PMID: 21726401 PMCID: PMC6638836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mixed infections of plant viruses are common in nature, and a number of important virus diseases of plants are the outcomes of interactions between causative agents. Multiple infections lead to a variety of intrahost virus-virus interactions, many of which may result in the generation of variants showing novel genetic features, and thus change the genetic structure of the viral population. Hence, virus-virus interactions in plants may be of crucial significance for the understanding of viral pathogenesis and evolution, and consequently for the development of efficient and stable control strategies. The interactions between plant viruses in mixed infections are generally categorized as synergistic or antagonistic. Moreover, mixtures of synergistic and antagonistic interactions, creating usually unpredictable biological and epidemiological consequences, are likely to occur in plants. The mechanisms of some of these are still unknown. This review aims to bring together the current knowledge on the most commonly occurring facilitative and antagonistic interactions between related or unrelated viruses infecting the same host plant. The best characterized implications of these interactions for virus-vector-host relationships are included. The terms 'synergism' and 'helper dependence' for facilitative virus-virus interactions, and 'cross-protection' and 'mutual exclusion' for antagonistic interactions, are applied in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Syller
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Centre Młochów, 05-831 Młochów, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Al-Musa A, Anfoka G, Al-Abdulat A, Misbeh S, Haj Ahmed F, Otri I. Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV): a serious disease threatening watermelon production in Jordan. Virus Genes 2011; 43:79-89. [PMID: 21399920 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-011-0594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of watermelon chlorotic stunt disease and the molecular characterization of the Jordanian isolate of Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV-[JO]) are described in this study. Symptomatic leaf samples obtained from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.), melon (Cucumis melo L.), squash (Cucurbita pepo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) plants were tested for WmCSV-[JO] infection by PCR. The virus could be detected in 8 melon and 87 watermelon samples obtained from Ghor Assafi (southern part of Jordan Valley). Three samples collected from Mafraq (eastern part of Jordan) were found mixed infected with WmCSV-[JO] and Squash leaf curl virus. The full-length DNA-A and DNA-B genomes of WmCSV-[JO] were amplified, and sequences were deposited in the GenBank under accession numbers EU561237 and EU561236, respectively. Sequence analysis reveals that WmCSV-[JO] is closely related to other virus isolates from Israel (WmCSV-[IL]), Yemen (WmCSV-[YE]), Iran (WmCSV-[IR]), Lebanon (WmCSV-[LB]), and Sudan (WmCSV-[SD]). DNA-A of WmCSV-[JO] showed highest nucleotide identity (99.42%) with WmCSV-[IL], while DNA-B had highest nucleotide identity (95.52%) with WmCSV-[YE]. Data of this study demonstrate that digestion of DNA-B genome of WmCSV isolates with ApaI enzyme can discriminate between these isolates at the molecular level. Infectious clones of WmCSV-[JO] were constructed and agroinoculated to Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Inoculated plants developed mild disease symptoms 4 weeks post inoculation, while watermelon plants biolistically inoculated with WmCSV-[JO] developed characteristic mottling, yellowing and severe leaf curling symptoms 3 weeks post inoculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Musa
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|