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Guo R, Li B, Zhao Y, Tang C, Klosterman SJ, Wang Y. Rhizobacterial Bacillus enrichment in soil enhances smoke tree resistance to Verticillium wilt. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38894696 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Verticillium dahliae, poses a serious threat to the health of more than 200 plant species worldwide. Although plant rhizosphere-associated microbiota can influence plant resistance to V. dahliae, empirical evidence underlying Verticillium wilt resistance of perennial trees is scarce. In this study, we systemically investigated the effect of the soil microbiota on the resistance of smoke trees (Cotinus coggygria) to Verticillium wilt using field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments. Comparative analysis of the soil microbiota in the two stands of smoke trees suggested that Bacillus represented the most abundant and key microbial genus related to potential disease suppression. Smoke tree seedlings were inoculated with isolated Bacillus strains, which exhibited disease suppressiveness and plant growth-promoting properties. Furthermore, repletion of Bacillus agents to disease conducive soil significantly resulted in reduced incidence of smoke tree wilt and increased resistance of the soil microbiota to V. dahliae. Finally, we explored a more effective combination of Bacillus agents with the fungicide propiconazole to combat Verticillium wilt. The results establish a foundation for the development of an effective control for this disease. Overall, this work provides a direct link between Bacillus enrichment and disease resistance of smoke trees, facilitating the development of green control strategies and measurements of soil-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Bimeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yize Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California, USA
| | - Yonglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Miller SA, Testen AL, Jacobs JM, Ivey MLL. Mitigating Emerging and Reemerging Diseases of Fruit and Vegetable Crops in a Changing Climate. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:917-929. [PMID: 38170665 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-23-0393-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable crops are important sources of nutrition and income globally. Producing these high-value crops requires significant investment of often scarce resources, and, therefore, the risks associated with climate change and accompanying disease pressures are especially important. Climate change influences the occurrence and pressure of plant diseases, enabling new pathogens to emerge and old enemies to reemerge. Specific environmental changes attributed to climate change, particularly temperature fluctuations and intense rainfall events, greatly alter fruit and vegetable disease incidence and severity. In turn, fruit and vegetable microbiomes, and subsequently overall plant health, are also affected by climate change. Changing disease pressures cause growers and researchers to reassess disease management and climate change adaptation strategies. Approaches such as climate smart integrated pest management, smart sprayer technology, protected culture cultivation, advanced diagnostics, and new soilborne disease management strategies are providing new tools for specialty crops growers. Researchers and educators need to work closely with growers to establish fruit and vegetable production systems that are resilient and responsive to changing climates. This review explores the effects of climate change on specialty food crops, pathogens, insect vectors, and pathosystems, as well as adaptations needed to ensure optimal plant health and environmental and economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Anna L Testen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Application Technology Research Unit, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Jonathan M Jacobs
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Poulaki EG, Karamichali I, Lianos O, Alexopoulos V, Dimitrakas V, Amourgis GG, Tjamos SE. Exploring the biocontrol potential of rocket (Eruca sativa) extracts and associated microorganisms against Verticillium wilt. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae070. [PMID: 38503565 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to assess the impact of rocket (Eruca sativa) extract on Verticillium wilt in eggplants, explore rhizospheric microorganisms for disease biocontrol, and evaluate selected strains' induced systemic resistance (ISR) potential while characterizing their genomic and biosynthetic profiles. METHODS AND RESULTS Rocket extract application led to a significant reduction in Verticillium wilt symptoms in eggplants compared to controls. Isolated microorganisms from treated soil, including Paraburkholderia oxyphila EP1, Pseudomonas citronellolis EP2, Paraburkholderia eburnea EP3, and P. oxyphila EP4 and EP5, displayed efficacy against Verticillium dahliae, decreasing disease severity and incidence in planta. Notably, strains EP3 and EP4 triggered ISR in eggplants against V. dahliae. Genomic analysis unveiled shared biosynthetic gene clusters, such as ranthipeptide and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-metallophore types, among the isolated strains. Additionally, metabolomic profiling of EP2 revealed the production of metabolites associated with amino acid metabolism, putative antibiotics, and phytohormones. CONCLUSIONS The application of rocket extract resulted in a significant reduction in Verticillium wilt symptoms in eggplants, while the isolated microorganisms displayed efficacy against V. dahliae, inducing systemic resistance and revealing shared biosynthetic gene clusters, with metabolomic profiling highlighting potential disease-suppressing metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini G Poulaki
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Karamichali
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Center for Research and Technology (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Orestis Lianos
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Alexopoulos
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Dimitrakas
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios G Amourgis
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios E Tjamos
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece
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4
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Yu T, Hou X, Fang X, Razavi B, Zang H, Zeng Z, Yang Y. Short-term continuous monocropping reduces peanut yield mainly via altering soil enzyme activity and fungal community. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117977. [PMID: 38141923 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Continuous monocropping can lead to soil sickness and increase of soil-borne disease, which finally reduces crop yield. Microorganisms benefit plants by increasing nutrient availability, participating in auxin synthesis, and defending against pathogens. However, little is known about the influence of short-term successive peanuts cropping on soil properties, enzyme activities, its yield, plant-associated microbes, and their potential correlations in peanut production. Here, we examined the community structure, composition, network structure and function of microbes in the rhizosphere and bulk soils under different monocropping years. Moreover, we assessed the impact of changes in the soil micro-environment and associated soil microbes on peanut yield. Our results showed that increase of monocropping year significantly decreased most soil properties, enzyme activities and peanut yield (p < 0.05). Principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) indicated that monocropping year significantly influenced the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere and bulk soils (p < 0.01), while had no effect on the bacterial community. With the increase of continuous monocropping year, peanut selectively decreased (e.g., Candidatus_Entotheonella, Bacillus and Bryobacter) or increased (e.g., Nitrospira, Nocardioides, Ensifer, Gaiella, and Novosphingobium) the abundance of some beneficial bacterial genera in the rhizosphere. Continuous monocropping significantly increased the abundance of plant pathogens (e.g., Plectosphaerella, Colletotrichum, Lectera, Gibberella, Metarhizium, and Microdochium) in the rhizosphere and negatively affected the balance of fungal community. Besides, these species were correlated negatively with L-leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity. Network co-occurrence analysis showed that continuous monocropping simplified the interaction network of bacteria and fungi. Random forest and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis further showed that fungal community, pathogen abundance, soil pH, and LAP activity negatively affected peanut yield. In conclusion, short-term continuous monocropping decreased LAP activity and increased potential fungal pathogens abundance, leading to reduction of peanut yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taobing Yu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiqing Hou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyang Fang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bahar Razavi
- Department of Soil-Plant-Microbiome, Institute of Phytopathology, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Huadong Zang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohai Zeng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Lartey I, Benucci GMN, Marsh TL, Bonito GM, Melakeberhan H. Characterizing microbial communities associated with northern root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne hapla) occurrence and soil health. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1267008. [PMID: 38029134 PMCID: PMC10667709 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1267008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) causes extensive damage to agricultural crops globally. In addition, M. hapla populations with no known genetic or morphological differences exhibit parasitic variability (PV) or reproductive potential based on soil type. However, why M. hapla populations from mineral soil with degraded soil health conditions have a higher PV than populations from muck soil is unknown. To improve our understanding of soil bio-physicochemical conditions in the environment where M. hapla populations exhibited PV, this study characterized the soil microbial community and core- and indicator-species structure associated with M. hapla occurrence and soil health conditions in 15 Michigan mineral and muck vegetable production fields. Bacterial and fungal communities in soils from where nematodes were isolated were characterized with high throughput sequencing of 16S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA. Our results showed that M. hapla-infested, as well as disturbed and degraded muck fields, had lower bacterial diversity (observed richness and Shannon) compared to corresponding mineral soil fields or non-infested mineral fields. Bacterial and fungal community abundance varied by soil group, soil health conditions, and/or M. hapla occurrence. A core microbial community was found to consist of 39 bacterial and 44 fungal sub-operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across all fields. In addition, 25 bacteria were resolved as indicator OTUs associated with M. hapla presence or absence, and 1,065 bacteria as indicator OTUs associated with soil health conditions. Out of the 1,065 bacterial OTUs, 73.9% indicated stable soil health, 8.4% disturbed, and 0.4% degraded condition; no indicators were common to the three categories. Collectively, these results provide a foundation for an in-depth understanding of the environment where M. hapla exists and conditions associated with parasitic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Lartey
- Agricultural Nematology Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Gian M. N. Benucci
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Terence L. Marsh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Gregory M. Bonito
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Haddish Melakeberhan
- Agricultural Nematology Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Jiang H, Xu X, Fang Y, Ogunyemi SO, Ahmed T, Li X, Yang Y, Yan C, Chen J, Li B. Metabarcoding reveals response of rice rhizosphere bacterial community to rice bacterial leaf blight. Microbiol Res 2023; 270:127344. [PMID: 36878090 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a major disease affecting cultivated rice and caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). It is well established that rhizosphere microorganisms could help improve the adaptability of plants to biotic stresses. However, it is still unclear about the response mechanism of rice rhizosphere microbial community to BLB infection. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to explore the effect of BLB on the rice rhizosphere microbial community. The results show that the alpha diversity index of the rice rhizosphere microbial community decreased significantly at the onset of BLB and then gradually recovered to normal levels. Beta diversity analysis indicated that BLB significantly affected community composition. In addition, there were significant differences in the taxonomic composition between healthy and diseased groups. For example, ceretain genera were more abundant in diseased rhizospheres, namely Streptomyces, Sphingomonas, and Flavobacterium, among others. In addition, the size and complexity of the rhizosphere co-occurrence network increased after disease onset compared to healthy groups. Also, hub microbe Rhizobiaceae and Gemmatimonadaceae were identified in the diseased rhizosphere co-occurrence network, and these hub microbes played an important role in maintaining network stability. In conclusion, our results provide important insights into the rhizosphere microbial community response to BLB and also provide important data and ideas in using rhizosphere microbes to control BLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Solabomi Olaitan Ogunyemi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuqing Li
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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7
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LeBlanc N. Green Manures Alter Taxonomic and Functional Characteristics of Soil Bacterial Communities. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:684-697. [PMID: 35112152 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of plant biomass into soil as green manures can reduce soilborne diseases and improve crop and soil health in agricultural ecosystems. Soil microbial communities can mediate beneficial effects of these amendments, but their response to different types of green manures is poorly understood. This study tested the effect of green manures from broccoli, marigold, and sudangrass on taxonomic and functional characteristics of soil bacterial communities. Green manures were amended to field soil and maintained in microcosms artificially infested with the soilborne plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Lettuce seedlings were transplanted into green manure amended and fallow soil and maintained under growth chamber conditions for 12 weeks. Bacterial communities in bulk and rhizosphere soils were characterized using nanopore sequencing of 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenome libraries. Under microcosm conditions, all green manures reduced the abundance of the soilborne plant pathogen V. dahliae and altered the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities. Twelve weeks following amendment, green manures had differential effects on lettuce yield as well as the taxonomic diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities. In addition, multiple green manures increased the abundance of bacterial functional traits in rhizosphere soil related to iron and polysaccharide acquisition and decreased the abundance of functional traits related to bacterial protein secretion systems. This study demonstrates green manures alter the taxonomic composition and functional traits in soil bacterial communities suggesting these changes may impact beneficial effects of green manures on plant and soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas LeBlanc
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA, 93905, USA.
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Chen W, Wu Z, Liu C, Zhang Z, Liu X. Biochar combined with Bacillus subtilis SL-44 as an eco-friendly strategy to improve soil fertility, reduce Fusarium wilt, and promote radish growth. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114509. [PMID: 36621032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis as microbial fertilizers contribute to avoiding the harmful effects of traditional agricultural fertilizers and pesticides. However, there are many restrictions on the practical application of fertilizers. In this study, microbial biochar formulations (BCMs) were prepared by loading biochar with B. subtilis SL-44. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the BCMs on soil fertility, Fusarium wilt control, and radish plant growth. The application of BCMs dramatically improved soil properties and favored plant growth. Compared with SL-44 and biochar treatments, the BCMs treatments increased radish plant physical-chemical properties and activities of several enzymes in the soil. What's more, Fusarium wilt incidence had decreased by 59.88%. In addition, the BCMs treatments exhibited a significant increase in the abundance of bacterial genera in the rhizosphere soil of radish. Therefore, this study demonstrated that BCMs may be an eco-friendly strategy for improving soil fertility, reducing Fusarium wilt, and promoting radish plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wumei Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Zhansheng Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
| | - Changhao Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
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9
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Zhao W, Wang P, Dong L, Li S, Lu X, Zhang X, Su Z, Guo Q, Ma P. Effect of incorporation of broccoli residues into soil on occurrence of verticillium wilt of spring-sowing-cotton and on rhizosphere microbial communities structure and function. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1115656. [PMID: 36761302 PMCID: PMC9902944 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton verticillium wilt (CVW) represented a typical plant soil-borne disease and resulted in widespread economic losses in cotton production. However, the effect of broccoli residues (BR) on verticillium wilt of spring-sowing-cotton was not clear. We investigated the effects of BR on CVW, microbial communities structure and function in rhizosphere of two cotton cultivars with different CVW resistance using amplicon sequencing methods. Results showed that control effects of BR on CVW of susceptible cultivar (cv. EJ-1) and resistant cultivar (cv. J863) were 58.49% and 85.96%, and the populations of V. dahliae decreased by 14.31% and 34.19%, respectively. The bacterial diversity indices significantly increased in BR treatment, while fungal diversity indices significantly decreased. In terms of microbial community composition, the abilities to recruit bacteria and fungi were enhanced in BR treatment, including RB41, Gemmatimonas, Pontibacter, Streptomyces, Blastococcus, Massilia, Bacillus, and Gibberella, Plectosphaerella, Neocosmospora, Aspergillus and Preussia. However, the relative abundances of Sphingomonas, Nocardioides, Haliangium, Lysobacter, Penicillium, Mortierella and Chaetomidium were opposite tendency between cultivars in BR treatment. According to PICRUSt analysis, functional profiles prediction showed that significant shifts in metabolic functions impacting KEGG pathways of BR treatment were related to metabolism and biosynthesis. FUNGuild analysis indicated that BR treatment altered the relative abundances of fungal trophic modes. The results of this study demonstrated that BR treatment decreased the populations of V. dahliae in soil, increased bacterial diversity, decreased fungal diversity, changed the microbial community structure and function, and increased the abundances of beneficial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Ma
- *Correspondence: Qinggang Guo, ; Ping Ma,
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10
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The Stimulation of Indigenous Bacterial Antagonists by γ-Glutamyl- S-Allyl-l-Cysteine Increases Soil Suppressiveness to Fusarium Wilt. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0155422. [PMID: 36445356 PMCID: PMC9765066 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01554-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of suppressive soil is an ideal strategy to sustainably combat soilborne diseases. Previously, the cultivation of Allium plants increased antagonistic bacteria populations in soil, alleviating Fusarium wilt of different crops. This study aimed to identify a compound produced by Allium plants that can induce bacteria-mediated soil suppressiveness toward Fusarium wilt. The amendment of soils with γ-glutamyl-S-allyl-l-cysteine (GSAC), a unique dipeptide abundantly detected in the root extract of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum), significantly suppressed Fusarium wilt diseases, whereas three other commercial dipeptides had no such effects. GSAC application did not suppress the disease in sterilized soil. Furthermore, the suppressiveness of soil amended with GSAC could be transferred to sterilized soil via soil microflora transplantation. This suppressiveness was eliminated by pretreating GSAC-amended soil microflora with antibacterial antibiotics, indicating that the suppressiveness of GSAC-amended soil is generated by the activity of antagonistic bacteria. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that GSAC application significantly increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas (OTU224), Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia (OTU387), and Bdellovibrio (OTU1259) in soils. Surprisingly, the relative abundance of OTU224 was significantly greater in Welsh onion rhizospheres than in noncultivated soil. Pseudomonas strains corresponding to OTU224, isolated from Welsh onion rhizospheres, displayed a remarkable suppressive effect against cucumber Fusarium wilt, implying that OTU224 was involved in GSAC-mediated suppressiveness. This is the first study on the potential of GSAC as a soil microflora-manipulating agent that can enhance soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt. IMPORTANCE Methods for increasing soil suppressiveness via soil microflora manipulation have long been explored as an ideal strategy to protect plants from soilborne pathogens. However, viable methods offering consistent disease control effects have not yet been developed. Previously, the cultivation of Allium plants was demonstrated to induce bacteria-mediated soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt of different crop plants. This study discovered that the application of γ-glutamyl-S-allyl-l-cysteine, a unique dipeptide synthesized by Welsh onion, to soil enhances Fusarium wilt suppressiveness by increasing the relative abundance of indigenous antagonistic bacteria irrespective of the soil type. This finding will facilitate research supporting the development of environmentally friendly control measures for soilborne diseases.
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11
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Fan Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Hu X, Yu Z, Li Y, Chen X, Li L, Jin J, Wang G. Chitin amendments eliminate the negative impacts of continuous cropping obstacles on soil properties and microbial assemblage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1067618. [PMID: 36507440 PMCID: PMC9730418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1067618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cropping of soybean leads to soil environment deterioration and soil-borne disease exacerbation, which in turn limits the sustainability of agricultural production. Chitin amendments are considered promising methods for alleviating soybean continuous cropping obstacles; however, the underlying mechanisms of soil sickness reduction remain unclear. In this study, soil amendments with pure and crude chitin at different addition dosages were employed to treat diseased soil induced by continuous cropping of soybean for five years. Chitin amendments, especially crude chitin, remarkably increased soil pH, available phosphorus (AP), potassium (AK) and nitrate nitrogen ( NO 3 - -N) contents, and improved soybean plant growth and soil microbial activities (FDA). Additionally, chitin application significantly enriched the relative abundances of the potential biocontrol bacteria Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Bacillus and the fungi Mortierella, Purpureocillium, and Metarhizium while depleted those of the potential plant pathogens Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon and Paraphoma. Moreover, chitin amendments induced looser pathogenic subnetwork structures and less pathogenic cooperation with other connected microbial taxa in the rhizosphere soils. The structural equation model (SEM) revealed that pure and crude chitin amendments promoted soybean plant growth by indirectly regulating soil pH-mediated soil microbial activities and potentially beneficial microbes, respectively. Therefore, the reduction strategies for continuous cropping obstacles by adding pure and crude chitin were distinct; pure chitin amendments showed general disease suppression, while crude chitin exhibited specific disease suppression. Overall, chitin amendments could suppress potential plant pathogens and improve soil health, thereby promoting soybean growth, which provides new prospects for cultivation practices to control soybean continuous cropping obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Fan
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
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12
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Ke M, Xu N, Zhang Z, Qiu D, Kang J, Lu T, Wang T, Peijnenburg WJGM, Sun L, Hu B, Qian H. Development of a machine‐learning model to identify the impacts of pesticides characteristics on soil microbial communities from high‐throughput sequencing data. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:5561-5573. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. of China
| | - Nuohan Xu
- College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. of China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. of China
| | - Danyan Qiu
- College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. of China
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. of China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. of China
| | - Tingzhang Wang
- Key laboratory of microbial technology and bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou P.R. of China
| | - W. J. G. M. Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) Leiden University RA Leiden the Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1 Bilthoven the Netherlands
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. of China
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. of China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou P.R. of China
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13
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Characterization of the Soil Bacterial Community from Selected Boxwood Gardens across the United States. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081514. [PMID: 35893572 PMCID: PMC9330173 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, we observed a rapid decline of the boxwood blight pathogen Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Cps) soil population in all surveyed gardens across the United States, and we speculated that these garden soils might be suppressive to Cps. This study aimed to characterize the soil bacterial community in these boxwood gardens. Soil samples were taken from one garden in California, Illinois, South Carolina, and Virginia and two in New York in early summer and late fall of 2017 and 2018. Soil DNA was extracted and its 16S rRNA amplicons were sequenced using the Nanopore MinION® platform. These garden soils were consistently dominated by Rhizobiales and Burkholderiales, regardless of garden location and sampling time. These two orders contain many species or strains capable of pathogen suppression and plant fitness improvement. Overall, 66 bacterial taxa were identified in this study that are known to have strains with biological control activity (BCA) against plant pathogens. Among the most abundant were Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp., which may have contributed to the Cps decline in these garden soils. This study highlights the importance of soil microorganisms in plant health and provides a new perspective on garden disease management using the soil microbiome.
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14
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Farooq QUA, Hardy GESJ, McComb JA, Thomson PC, Burgess TI. Changes to the Bacterial Microbiome in the Rhizosphere and Root Endosphere of Persea americana (Avocado) Treated With Organic Mulch and a Silicate-Based Mulch or Phosphite, and Infested With Phytophthora cinnamomi. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:870900. [PMID: 35572652 PMCID: PMC9097018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.870900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and responses of the microbial profile of the rhizosphere soil and root endosphere were investigated for avocado plants infested or not infested with Phytophthora cinnamomi and the changes were compared in plants grown with various soil additives or by spraying plants with phosphite. Soil treatments were organic mulches or silica-based mineral mulch. Reduction of root growth and visible root damage was least in the infested plants treated with phosphite or mineral mulch applied to the soil. Rhizosphere soils and root endospheres were analyzed for bacterial communities using metabarcoding. Bacterial abundance and diversity were reduced in infested rhizospheres and root endospheres. The presence or absence of mineral mulch resulted in greater diversity and larger differences in rhizosphere community composition between infested and non-infested pots than any other treatment. Some rhizosphere bacterial groups, especially Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, had significantly higher relative abundance in the presence of Phytophthora. The bacterial communities of root endospheres were lower in abundance than rhizosphere communities and not affected by soil treatments or phosphite but increased in abundance after infection with P. cinnamomi. These findings suggested that the addition of silicate-based mineral mulch protects against Phytophthora root rot, which may be partly mediated through changes in rhizosphere bacterial community composition. However, the changes to the microbiome induced by spraying plants with phosphite are different from those resulting from the application of mineral mulch to the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurrat Ul Ain Farooq
- Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Giles Edward St. John Hardy
- Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- ArborCarbon, ROTA Compound Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Jen A. McComb
- Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Treena Isobel Burgess
- Phytophthora Science and Management, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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15
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El-Baky NA, Amara AAAF. Recent Approaches towards Control of Fungal Diseases in Plants: An Updated Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110900. [PMID: 34829188 PMCID: PMC8621679 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research demonstrates that the number of virulent phytopathogenic fungi continually grows, which leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Various procedures are currently available for the rapid detection and control of phytopathogenic fungi. Since 1940, chemical and synthetic fungicides were typically used to control phytopathogenic fungi. However, the substantial increase in development of fungal resistance to these fungicides in addition to negative effects caused by synthetic fungicides on the health of animals, human beings, and the environment results in the exploration of various new approaches and green strategies of fungal control by scientists from all over the world. In this review, the development of new approaches for controlling fungal diseases in plants is discussed. We argue that an effort should be made to bring these recent technologies to the farmer level.
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16
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Tagele SB, Kim RH, Shin JH. Interactions between Brassica Biofumigants and Soil Microbiota: Causes and Impacts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11538-11553. [PMID: 34551253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofumigation is used to control soil-borne plant diseases, and it has paramount importance to reduce the cost of chemical fumigants. Information about the field control efficacies and impacts of Brassica-based biofumigation (BBF) on soil bacterial and fungal microbiota is scattered in the literature. Therefore, this review summarizes and discusses the nature and the underlying causes of soil bacterial and fungal community dynamics in response to BBF. In addition, the major factors influencing the interaction between a biofumigant and soil microbiota are discussed. The pros and cons of BBF to soil microbiota and the subsequent impacts on sustainable farming practices are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setu Bazie Tagele
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeong-Hui Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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17
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Samaddar S, Karp DS, Schmidt R, Devarajan N, McGarvey JA, Pires AFA, Scow K. Role of soil in the regulation of human and plant pathogens: soils' contributions to people. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200179. [PMID: 34365819 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil and soil biodiversity play critical roles in Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) # 10, defined as Nature's ability to regulate direct detrimental effects on humans, and on human-important plants and animals, through the control or regulation of particular organisms considered to be harmful. We provide an overview of pathogens in soil, focusing on human and crop pathogens, and discuss general strategies, and examples, of how soils' extraordinarily diverse microbial communities regulate soil-borne pathogens. We review the ecological principles underpinning the regulation of soil pathogens, as well as relationships between pathogen suppression and soil health. Mechanisms and specific examples are presented of how soil and soil biota are involved in regulating pathogens of humans and plants. We evaluate how specific agricultural management practices can either promote or interfere with soil's ability to regulate pathogens. Finally, we conclude with how integrating soil, plant, animal and human health through a 'One Health' framework could lead to more integrated, efficient and multifunctional strategies for regulating detrimental organisms and processes. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Samaddar
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Karp
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Radomir Schmidt
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Naresh Devarajan
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery A McGarvey
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Alda F A Pires
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kate Scow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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18
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Batista BD, Singh BK. Realities and hopes in the application of microbial tools in agriculture. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1258-1268. [PMID: 34156754 PMCID: PMC8313292 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of microbial tools to sustainably increase agricultural production has received significant attention from researchers, industries and policymakers. Over the past decade, the market access and development of microbial products have been accelerated by (i) the recent advances in plant-associated microbiome science, (ii) the pressure from consumers and policymakers for increasing crop productivity and reducing the use of agrochemicals, (iii) the rising threats of biotic and abiotic stresses, (iv) the loss of efficacy of some agrochemicals and plant breeding programs and (v) the calls for agriculture to contribute towards mitigating climate change. Although the sector is still in its infancy, the path towards effective microbial products is taking shape and the global market of these products has increased faster than that of agrochemicals. Promising results from using microbes either as biofertilizers or biopesticides have been continually reported, fuelling optimism and high expectations for the sector. However, some limitations, often related to low efficacy and inconsistent performance in field conditions, urgently need to be addressed to promote a wider use of microbial tools. We propose that advances in in situ microbiome manipulation approaches, such as the use of products containing synthetic microbial communities and novel prebiotics, have great potential to overcome some of these current constraints. Much more progress is expected in the development of microbial inoculants as areas such as synthetic biology and nano-biotechnology advance. If key technical, translational and regulatory issues are addressed, microbial tools will not only play an important role in sustainably boosting agricultural production over the next few decades but also contribute towards other sustainable development goals, including job creation and mitigation of the impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna D. Batista
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNSWAustralia
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNSWAustralia
- Global Centre for Land‐Based InnovationWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNSWAustralia
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19
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Shahrajabian MH, Chaski C, Polyzos N, Tzortzakis N, Petropoulos SA. Sustainable Agriculture Systems in Vegetable Production Using Chitin and Chitosan as Plant Biostimulants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060819. [PMID: 34072781 PMCID: PMC8226918 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are natural compounds that are biodegradable and nontoxic and have gained noticeable attention due to their effective contribution to increased yield and agro-environmental sustainability. Several effects have been reported for chitosan application in plants. Particularly, it can be used in plant defense systems against biological and environmental stress conditions and as a plant growth promoter—it can increase stomatal conductance and reduce transpiration or be applied as a coating material in seeds. Moreover, it can be effective in promoting chitinolytic microorganisms and prolonging storage life through post-harvest treatments, or benefit nutrient delivery to plants since it may prevent leaching and improve slow release of nutrients in fertilizers. Finally, it can remediate polluted soils through the removal of cationic and anionic heavy metals and the improvement of soil properties. On the other hand, chitin also has many beneficial effects such as plant growth promotion, improved plant nutrition and ability to modulate and improve plants’ resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors. The present review presents a literature overview regarding the effects of chitin, chitosan and derivatives on horticultural crops, highlighting their important role in modern sustainable crop production; the main limitations as well as the future prospects of applications of this particular biostimulant category are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece; (C.C.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.S.); (S.A.P.); Tel.: +30-24210-93196 (S.A.P.)
| | - Christina Chaski
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece; (C.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Polyzos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece; (C.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus;
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece; (C.C.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.S.); (S.A.P.); Tel.: +30-24210-93196 (S.A.P.)
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20
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Fu R, Cheng R, Wang S, Li J, Zhang J. Succinoglycan Riclin reshaped the soil microbiota by accumulating plant probiotic species to improve the soil suppressiveness on Fusarium wilt of cucumber seedlings. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1883-1892. [PMID: 34062161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biocontrol of soil-borne pathogens by recruiting soil microbiota brings forth benefits to soil quality and plant production while lowers environmental impact. Succinoglycan possesses various biological activities, but its role in soil amendment is still elusive. The succinoglycan Riclin was investigated in this study as a polysaccharide-type biocontrol agent for improving the soil suppressiveness on a typical fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC). Results demonstrated that addition of Riclin increased the soil microbial carbon and lowered the species richness of soil fungal communities. After addition of 2.5 mg/g Riclin for 90 days, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were increased by 76.6% and 193.4%, compared with the control. Meanwhile, Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were decreased by 25.9% and 30.4%. The relative abundance of beneficial genera, namely Nocardioides, Kribbella, Streptomyces, Gaiella, Marmoricola, Bacillus, and Rhizobium, became 1.13, 5.17, 0.87, 0.45, 3.57, 4.53, and 6.30 folds higher than the control, respectively. Antagonism towards soil-borne pathogens was probably enhanced as both hydrolase activity and biosynthesis of bioactive secondary compounds were improved. Importantly, Riclin-treated soil significantly reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt of cucumber seedlings by suppression of FOC. In conclusion, addition of Riclin was conducive to the improvement of soil suppressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Fu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
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21
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Chitin- and Keratin-Rich Soil Amendments Suppress Rhizoctonia solani Disease via Changes to the Soil Microbial Community. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.00318-21. [PMID: 33771785 PMCID: PMC8208141 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00318-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our results highlight the importance of soil microorganisms in plant disease suppression and the possibility to steer soil microbial community composition by applying organic amendments to the soil. Enhancing soil suppressiveness against plant pathogens or pests is a promising alternative strategy to chemical pesticides. Organic amendments have been shown to reduce crop diseases and pests, with chitin products the most efficient against fungal pathogens. To study which characteristics of organic products are correlated with disease suppression, an experiment was designed in which 10 types of organic amendments with different physicochemical properties were tested against the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in sugar beet seedlings. Organic amendments rich in keratin or chitin reduced Rhizoctonia solani disease symptoms in sugar beet plants. The bacterial and fungal microbial communities in amended soils were distinct from the microbial communities in nonamended soil, as well as those in soils that received other nonsuppressive treatments. The Rhizoctonia-suppressive amended soils were rich in saprophytic bacteria and fungi that are known for their keratinolytic and chitinolytic properties (i.e., Oxalobacteraceae and Mortierellaceae). The microbial community in keratin- and chitin-amended soils was associated with higher zinc, copper, and selenium, respectively. IMPORTANCE Our results highlight the importance of soil microorganisms in plant disease suppression and the possibility to steer soil microbial community composition by applying organic amendments to the soil.
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22
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Delitte M, Caulier S, Bragard C, Desoignies N. Plant Microbiota Beyond Farming Practices: A Review. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.624203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have always grown and evolved surrounded by numerous microorganisms that inhabit their environment, later termed microbiota. To enhance food production, humankind has relied on various farming practices such as irrigation, tilling, fertilization, and pest and disease management. Over the past few years, studies have highlighted the impacts of such practices, not only in terms of plant health or yields but also on the microbial communities associated with plants, which have been investigated through microbiome studies. Because some microorganisms exert beneficial traits that improve plant growth and health, understanding how to modulate microbial communities will help in developing smart farming and favor plant growth-promoting (PGP) microorganisms. With tremendous cost cuts in NGS technologies, metagenomic approaches are now affordable and have been widely used to investigate crop-associated microbiomes. Being able to engineer microbial communities in ways that benefit crop health and growth will help decrease the number of chemical inputs required. Against this background, this review explores the impacts of agricultural practices on soil- and plant-associated microbiomes, focusing on plant growth-promoting microorganisms from a metagenomic perspective.
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23
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De Tender C, Vandecasteele B, Verstraeten B, Ommeslag S, De Meyer T, De Visscher J, Dawyndt P, Clement L, Kyndt T, Debode J. Chitin in Strawberry Cultivation: Foliar Growth and Defense Response Promotion, but Reduced Fruit Yield and Disease Resistance by Nutrient Imbalances. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:227-239. [PMID: 33135964 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-20-0223-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry cultivation is associated with high mineral fertilizer doses and extensive use of chemical plant protection products. Based on previous research, we expected that chitin application to peat substrate would increase the nutrient availability and activate the plant systemic defense response, resulting in higher strawberry yields and fewer disease symptoms. We set up two experiments in which the temporal variability and differences in initial nutrient concentrations of the growing media were taken into account. Chitin treatment resulted in the attraction of plant growth-promoting fungi toward the plant root, such as species from genera Mortierella and Umbelopsis. In addition, by the end of the experiments 87 mg of mineral nitrogen (N) per liter of substrate was mineralized, which can be related to the observed increase in plant shoot biomass. This, however, led to nutrient imbalances in plant shoots and fruit; N concentration in the leaves increased over 30%, exceeding the optimal range, while phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) deficiencies occurred, with concentrations lower than 50% of the optimal range. This may explain the decreased fruit yield and disease resistance of the fruit toward Botrytis cinerea. In contrast, chitin caused a clear defense priming effect in the strawberry leaves, with a strong induction of the jasmonic acid response, resulting in fewer foliar disease symptoms. Chitin causes positive effects on shoot growth and foliar disease resistance, but caution needs to be taken for nutrient imbalances leading to negative influences on root growth, fruit production, and disease susceptibility toward B. cinerea.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Tender
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Vandecasteele
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Verstraeten
- Epigenetics & Defence Research Group, Department Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Ommeslag
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - T De Meyer
- Department of Data Analysis & Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent From Nucleotides to Networks, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J De Visscher
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Epigenetics & Defence Research Group, Department Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Dawyndt
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Clement
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent From Nucleotides to Networks, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Kyndt
- Epigenetics & Defence Research Group, Department Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Debode
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 92, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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24
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Genome-Wide Analysis of Ribosomal Protein GhRPS6 and Its Role in Cotton Verticillium Wilt Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041795. [PMID: 33670294 PMCID: PMC7918698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is threatening the world’s cotton production. The pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae can survive in the soil in the form of microsclerotia for a long time, colonize through the root of cotton, and invade into vascular bundles, causing yellowing and wilting of cotton leaves, and in serious cases, leading to plant death. Breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective method to control Verticillium wilt. In previous studies, proteomic analysis was carried out on different cotton varieties inoculated with V. dahliae strain Vd080. It was found that GhRPS6 was phosphorylated after inoculation, and the phosphorylation level in resistant cultivars was 1.5 times than that in susceptible cultivars. In this study, knockdown of GhRPS6 expression results in the reduction of SA and JA content, and suppresses a series of defensive response, enhancing cotton plants susceptibility to V. dahliae. Overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic plants was found to be more resistant to V. dahliae. Further, serines at 237 and 240 were mutated to phenylalanine, respectively and jointly. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants demonstrated that seri-237 compromised the plant resistance to V. dahliae. Subcellular localization in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that GhRPS6 was localized in the nucleus. Additionally, the pathogen inoculation and phosphorylation site mutation did not change its localization. These results indicate that GhRPS6 is a potential molecular target for improving resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton. This lays a foundation for breeding disease-resistant varieties.
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The rhizosphere microbiome plays a role in the resistance to soil-borne pathogens and nutrient uptake of strawberry cultivars under field conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3188. [PMID: 33542451 PMCID: PMC7862632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82768-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial-root associations are important to help plants cope with abiotic and biotic stressors. Managing these interactions offers an opportunity for improving the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production. By characterizing the bacterial and archaeal community (via 16S rRNA sequencing) associated with bulk and rhizosphere soil of sixteen strawberry cultivars in two controlled field studies, we explored the relationships between the soil microbiome and plant resistance to two soil-borne fungal pathogens (Verticillium dahliae and Macrophomina phaseolina). Overall, the plants had a distinctive and genotype-dependent rhizosphere microbiome with higher abundances of known beneficial bacteria such as Pseudomonads and Rhizobium. The rhizosphere microbiome played a significant role in the resistance to the two soil-borne pathogens as shown by the differences in microbiome between high and low resistance cultivars. Resistant cultivars were characterized by higher abundances of known biocontrol microorganisms including actinobacteria (Arthrobacter, Nocardioides and Gaiella) and unclassified acidobacteria (Gp6, Gp16 and Gp4), in both pathogen trials. Additionally, cultivars that were resistant to V. dahliae had higher rhizosphere abundances of Burkholderia and cultivars resistant to M. phaseolina had higher abundances of Pseudomonas. The mechanisms involved in these beneficial plant-microbial interactions and their plasticity in different environments should be studied further for the design of low-input disease management strategies.
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Dung JKS. Verticillium Wilt of Mint in the United States of America. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111602. [PMID: 33218083 PMCID: PMC7698963 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae, is the most important and destructive disease of mint (Mentha spp.) in the United States (U.S.). The disease was first observed in commercial mint fields in the Midwestern U.S. in the 1920s and, by the 1950s, was present in mint producing regions of the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Verticillium wilt continues to be a major limiting factor in commercial peppermint (Mentha x piperita) and Scotch spearmint (Mentha x gracilis) production, two of the most important sources of mint oil in the U.S. The perennial aspect of U.S. mint production, coupled with the soilborne, polyetic nature of V. dahliae, makes controlling Verticillium wilt in mint a challenge. Studies investigating the biology and genetics of the fungus, the molecular mechanisms of virulence and resistance, and the role of soil microbiota in modulating host-pathogen interactions are needed to improve our understanding of Verticillium wilt epidemiology and inform novel disease management strategies. This review will discuss the history and importance of Verticillium wilt in commercial U.S. mint production, as well as provide a format to highlight past and recent research advances in an effort to better understand and manage the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah K S Dung
- Central Oregon Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Madras, OR 97741, USA
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Qiu W, Su H, Yan L, Ji K, Liu Q, Jian H. Organic Fertilization Assembles Fungal Communities of Wheat Rhizosphere Soil and Suppresses the Population Growth of Heterodera avenae in the Field. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1225. [PMID: 32849758 PMCID: PMC7429443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterodera avenae (cereal cyst nematode, CCN) infects wheat and other cereal crops and causes severe losses in their yield. Research has shown that CCN infestations can be mitigated by organic fertilization in wheat fields, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still largely unknown. In this study, the relationships among CCN, soil properties, and soil fungal communities with organic fertilizer (OF) or chemical fertilizer (CF) and without fertilizer (CK), were investigated for two years in a wheat field in Henan province, China. Our results showed that the concentrations of soil total N, total P, available P, available K, and organic matter were all promoted by the OF treatment at the jointing stage of wheat, coinciding with the peak in egg hatching and penetration of wheat root by CCNs. Soil total N correlated positively (R2 = 0.759, p < 0.05) with wheat yields but negatively (R2 = 0.663, p < 0.01) with Pf/Pi (index of cyst nematode reproduction), implying the regulated soil property contributes to suppressing CCN in the OF treatment. Furthermore, fungal community α-diversity (Shannon and Simpson) and β-diversity (PCoA) of rhizosphere soil was improved under the organic fertilizer treatment. The fungal genera negatively associated with the Pf/Pi of CCN were highly enriched, which included Mortierella and Chaetomium, two taxa already reported as being nematophagous fungi in many other studies. These two genera were heavily surrounded by much more related fungal genera in the constructs co-occurrence network. These results suggested that the OF treatment shifted soil fungal community functioning towards the suppression of CCN. Taken together, the suppressed cyst nematode reproduction with the assembly of fungal communities in the rhizosphere led to greater wheat yields under organic fertilization. These findings provide an in-depth understanding of the benefits provided by organic fertilization for developing sustainable agriculture.
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Rybakova D, Wikström M, Birch-Jensen F, Postma J, Ehlers RU, Schmuck M, Kollmann R, Köhl J, Berg G. Verticillium Wilt in Oilseed Rape-the Microbiome is Crucial for Disease Outbreaks as Well as for Efficient Suppression. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070866. [PMID: 32650549 PMCID: PMC7412322 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbiome management is a promising way to suppress verticillium wilt, a severe disease in Brassica caused by Verticillium longisporum. In order to improve current biocontrol strategies, we compared bacterial Verticillium antagonists in different assays using a hierarchical selection and evaluation scheme, and we integrated outcomes of our previous studies. The result was strongly dependent on the assessment method chosen (in vitro, in vivo, in situ), on the growth conditions of the plants and their genotype. The most promising biocontrol candidate identified was a Brassica endophyte Serratia plymuthica F20. Positive results were confirmed in field trials and by microscopically visualizing the three-way interaction. Applying antagonists in seed treatment contributes to an exceptionally low ecological footprint, supporting efficient economic and ecological solutions to controlling verticillium wilt. Indigenous microbiome, especially soil and seed microbiome, has been identified as key to understanding disease outbreaks and suppression. We suggest that verticillium wilt is a microbiome-driven disease caused by a reduction in microbial diversity within seeds and in the soil surrounding them. We strongly recommend integrating microbiome data in the development of new biocontrol and breeding strategies and combining both strategies with the aim of designing healthy microbiomes, thus making plants more resilient toward soil-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Rybakova
- Graz University of Technology, Environmental Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria; (D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariann Wikström
- Agro Plantarum AB, Kärrarpsvägen 410, S-265 90 Åstorp, Sweden; (M.W.); (F.B.-J.)
| | - Fia Birch-Jensen
- Agro Plantarum AB, Kärrarpsvägen 410, S-265 90 Åstorp, Sweden; (M.W.); (F.B.-J.)
| | - Joeke Postma
- Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; (J.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Ralf Udo Ehlers
- E-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28–36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany;
| | - Maria Schmuck
- Graz University of Technology, Environmental Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria; (D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - René Kollmann
- Strateco OG, Ruckerlberggasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Sekem Energy GmbH, Steinberg 132, 8151 Hitzendorf, Austria
| | - Jürgen Köhl
- Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; (J.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Graz University of Technology, Environmental Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria; (D.R.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-873-8819
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Holmes GJ, Mansouripour SM, Hewavitharana SS. Strawberries at the Crossroads: Management of Soilborne Diseases in California Without Methyl Bromide. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:956-968. [PMID: 32075499 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-19-0406-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry production has historically been affected by soilborne diseases such as Verticillium wilt. This disease was a major limiting factor in strawberry production in California in the 1950s and was the main reason that preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) was developed in the late 1950s. MB fumigation was so successful that over 90% of the commercial strawberry fruit production in California utilized this technique. However, MB was subsequently linked to ozone depletion, and its use was phased out in 2005. The California strawberry industry was awarded exemption to the full phase-out until 2016, when all MB use in strawberry fruit production was prohibited. MB use continues in strawberry nurseries under an exemption to prevent spread of nematodes and diseases on planting stock. This review examines the impact of the MB phase-out on the California strawberry industry and evaluates the outlook for the industry in the absence of one of the most effective tools for managing soilborne diseases. New soilborne diseases have emerged, and historically important soilborne diseases have reemerged. Registration of new fumigants has been difficult and replacement of MB with a new and effective alternative is unlikely in the foreseeable future. Thus, crop losses due to soilborne diseases are likely to increase. Host plant resistance to soilborne diseases has become a top priority for strawberry breeding programs, and cultivars are increasingly selected for their resistance to soilborne diseases. The intelligent integration of a variety of management tactics is necessary to sustain strawberry production in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Holmes
- Strawberry Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
| | | | - Shashika S Hewavitharana
- Strawberry Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
- Horticulture and Crop Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
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Bonanomi G, Zotti M, Idbella M, Di Silverio N, Carrino L, Cesarano G, Assaeed AM, Abd-ElGawad AM. Decomposition and organic amendments chemistry explain contrasting effects on plant growth promotion and suppression of Rhizoctonia solani damping off. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230925. [PMID: 32271811 PMCID: PMC7144968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic Amendments (OAs) has been used in agroecosystems to promote plant growth and control diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. However, the role of OAs chemistry and decomposition time on plant growth promotion and disease suppression is still poorly explored. In this work, we studied the effect of 14 OAs at four decomposition ages (3, 30, 100, and 300 days) on the plant-pathogen system Lactuca sativa-Rhizoctonia solani. OAs chemistry was characterized via 13C-CPMAS NMR spectroscopy as well as for standard chemical (i.e. N content, pH, EC) and biological parameters (i.e. phytotoxicity and R. solani proliferation bioassay). OAs have shown variable effects, ranging from inhibition to stimulation of Lactuca sativa and Lepidium sativum growth. We recorded that N rich OAs with high decomposability were conducive in the short-term, while converting suppressive in the long term (300 days). On the other hand, cellulose-rich OAs with high C/N ratio impaired L. sativa growth but were more consistent in providing protection from damping-off, although this property has significantly shifted during decomposition time. These results, for the first time, highlight a consistent trade-off between plant growth promotion and disease control capability of OAs. Finally, we found that OAs effects on growth promotion and disease protection can be hardly predictable based on the chemical characteristic, although N content and some 13C CPMAS NMR regions (alkyl C, methoxyl C, and carbonyl C) showed some significant correlations. Therefore, further investigations are needed to identify the mechanism(s) behind the observed suppressive and conducive effects and to identify OAs types and application timing that optimize plant productivity and disease suppression in different agro-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Mohamed Idbella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Nice Di Silverio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Carrino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cesarano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Abdulaziz M. Assaeed
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Hui C, Jiang H, Liu B, Wei R, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Liang Y, Zhao Y. Chitin degradation and the temporary response of bacterial chitinolytic communities to chitin amendment in soil under different fertilization regimes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:136003. [PMID: 31846813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitin amendment is a promising agricultural management strategy to control fungal and nematodal plant diseases and to improve crop yield. Chitin degradation in the soil contributes significantly to carbon and nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about chitin degradation and bacterial chitinolytic communities in agricultural soil under different fertilization regimes. Thus, in the present study, a 42-day soil incubation experiment was conducted, in which soil under four fertilization regimes (i.e., no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), pig manure plus 50% chemical fertilizer (PMCF), and rice straw plus 100% chemical fertilizer (SRCF)) were amended or not with chitin or its monomer, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). Different nitrogen forms and CO2 and N2O emission were measured to evaluate chitin degradation and its environmental implications. SRCF soil had the highest CO2 emission, chitin N mineralization, and fungal abundance. NAG and chitin were enriched to exploit the chitin degraders. High-throughput sequencing analyses reveled that Streptomycetaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, Gemmatimonadaceae, and Acidobacteria were generally increased upon chitin amendment in CK, CF, and PMCF soil, whereas Streptomycetaceae dominated chitin-amended SRCF soil. Herpetosiphonaceae was enriched only in chitin-amended CK soil. LEfSe and network analysis were used to predict chitinolytic and opportunistic species, and revealed that most previously reported chitinolytic bacteria were detected in the present study and new potential chitin degraders, including unidentified_Solibacterales, Gemmatimonadaceae, and Herpetosiphonaceae, were identified. Some members of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, including Bacillus, and Kitasatospora, were speculated to be opportunistic species. The findings improve our understanding of the effects of chitin degradation on carbon and nitrogen cycling in agricultural soil under different fertilization regimes and help to identify chitinolytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Hui
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Fernández-González AJ, Cardoni M, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Valverde-Corredor A, Villadas PJ, Fernández-López M, Mercado-Blanco J. Linking belowground microbial network changes to different tolerance level towards Verticillium wilt of olive. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32007096 PMCID: PMC6995654 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-0787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) is caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. One of the best VWO management measures is the use of tolerant/resistant olive cultivars. Knowledge on the olive-associated microbiome and its potential relationship with tolerance to biotic constraints is almost null. The aims of this work are (1) to describe the structure, functionality, and co-occurrence interactions of the belowground (root endosphere and rhizosphere) microbial communities of two olive cultivars qualified as tolerant (Frantoio) and susceptible (Picual) to VWO, and (2) to assess whether these communities contribute to their differential disease susceptibility level. RESULTS Minor differences in alpha and beta diversities of root-associated microbiota were detected between olive cultivars regardless of whether they were inoculated or not with the defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae. Nevertheless, significant differences were found in taxonomic composition of non-inoculated plants' communities, "Frantoio" showing a higher abundance of beneficial genera in contrast to "Picual" that exhibited major abundance of potential deleterious genera. Upon inoculation with V. dahliae, significant changes at taxonomic level were found mostly in Picual plants. Relevant topological alterations were observed in microbial communities' co-occurrence interactions after inoculation, both at structural and functional level, and in the positive/negative edges ratio. In the root endosphere, Frantoio communities switched to highly connected and low modularized networks, while Picual communities showed a sharply different behavior. In the rhizosphere, V. dahliae only irrupted in the microbial networks of Picual plants. CONCLUSIONS The belowground microbial communities of the two olive cultivars are very similar and pathogen introduction did not provoke significant alterations in their structure and functionality. However, notable differences were found in their networks in response to the inoculation. This phenomenon was more evident in the root endosphere communities. Thus, a correlation between modifications in the microbial networks of this microhabitat and susceptibility/tolerance to a soilborne pathogen was found. Moreover, V. dahliae irruption in the Picual microbial networks suggests a stronger impact on the belowground microbial communities of this cultivar upon inoculation. Our results suggest that changes in the co-occurrence interactions may explain, at least partially, the differential VWO susceptibility of the tested olive cultivars. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Fernández-González
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Martina Cardoni
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Valverde-Corredor
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Villadas
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Protección de Cultivos, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC, Campus ‘Alameda del Obispo’ s/n, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Newitt JT, Prudence SMM, Hutchings MI, Worsley SF. Biocontrol of Cereal Crop Diseases Using Streptomycetes. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020078. [PMID: 31200493 PMCID: PMC6630304 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing world population and an increasing demand for greater food production requires that crop losses caused by pests and diseases are dramatically reduced. Concurrently, sustainability targets mean that alternatives to chemical pesticides are becoming increasingly desirable. Bacteria in the plant root microbiome can protect their plant host against pests and pathogenic infection. In particular, Streptomyces species are well-known to produce a range of secondary metabolites that can inhibit the growth of phytopathogens. Streptomyces are abundant in soils and are also enriched in the root microbiomes of many different plant species, including those grown as economically and nutritionally valuable cereal crops. In this review we discuss the potential of Streptomyces to protect against some of the most damaging cereal crop diseases, particularly those caused by fungal pathogens. We also explore factors that may improve the efficacy of these strains as biocontrol agents in situ, as well as the possibility of exploiting plant mechanisms, such as root exudation, that enable the recruitment of microbial species from the soil to the root microbiome. We argue that a greater understanding of these mechanisms may enable the development of protective plant root microbiomes with a greater abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Streptomyces species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake T Newitt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Samuel M M Prudence
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Matthew I Hutchings
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Sarah F Worsley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Li H, Wang Z, Hu X, Shang W, Shen R, Guo C, Guo Q, Subbarao KV. Assessment of Resistance in Potato Cultivars to Verticillium Wilt Caused by Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium nonalfalfae. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1357-1362. [PMID: 31009364 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-18-1815-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium spp., also called potato early dying disease, is one of the most serious soilborne diseases affecting potato production in China. The disease has been expanding into most potato production areas over the past few years. Information on host resistance against Verticillium wilt among the potato cultivars in China is scarce, but it is critical for sustainable management of the disease. This study, therefore, evaluated 30 commercially popular potato cultivars against Verticillium dahliae strain Vdp83 and Verticillium nonalfalfae strain Vnp24, two well-characterized strains causing Verticillium wilt of potato in China. Both strains were isolated from diseased potato plants, and they were previously proven to be highly virulent. Ten plants of each cultivar were inoculated with the V. dahliae strain and incubated on greenhouse benches. Symptoms were rated at weekly intervals, and the relative area under the disease progress curve was calculated. The experiment was repeated once, and nonparametric analysis was used to calculate the relative marginal effects and the corresponding confidence intervals. Five resistant cultivars and four susceptible cultivars identified from the analyses were then challenged with the V. nonalfalfae strain. Cultivar responses to V. nonalfalfae were like those exhibited against V. dahliae, except for one cultivar. This study showed that resistance among potato cultivars exists in China against Verticillium spp. and that the resistance to V. dahliae identified in potato is also effective against the other Verticillium species that cause Verticillium wilt with a few exceptions. Cultivars identified as resistant to Verticillium wilt can be deployed to manage the disease until the breeding programs develop new cultivars with resistance from the sources identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjing Shang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruiqing Shen
- 2 Plant Protection Institute, Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Academy, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China
| | - Chengjin Guo
- 2 Plant Protection Institute, Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Academy, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China
| | - Qingyun Guo
- 3 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management in Qinghai Province, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China; and
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- 4 Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA 93905, U.S.A
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Rotations with Indian Mustard and Wild Rocket Suppressed Cucumber Fusarium Wilt Disease and Changed Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020057. [PMID: 30795626 PMCID: PMC6407113 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop monocropping usually results in an enrichment of soil-borne pathogens in soil. Crop rotation is an environmentally friendly method for controlling soil-borne diseases. Plant rhizosphere microorganisms, especially plant-beneficial microorganisms, play a major role in protecting plants from pathogens, but responses of these microorganisms to crop rotation remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of rotations with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) on cucumber Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum (FOC). Cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community composition was analyzed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (an antifungal secondary metabolite) producer and FOC abundances were estimated by real-time PCR. Rotations with Indian mustard and wild rocket suppressed cucumber Fusarium wilt disease and cucumber rhizosphere FOC abundance. Crop rotations increased cucumber rhizosphere bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producer abundances. Moreover, crop rotations changed cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community composition and increased bacterial community diversity. However, crop rotations decreased soil inorganic nitrogen content and inhibited cucumber seedling growth. Overall, rotations with Indian mustard and wild rocket suppressed cucumber Fusarium wilt disease, which might be linked to the increased rhizosphere bacterial diversity and abundances of potential plant-beneficial microorganisms (such as Pseudomonas spp. and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producer).
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Brugman S, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Braber S, Folkerts G, Pieterse CMJ, Bakker PAHM. A Comparative Review on Microbiota Manipulation: Lessons From Fish, Plants, Livestock, and Human Research. Front Nutr 2018; 5:80. [PMID: 30234124 PMCID: PMC6134018 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent years the impact of microbial communities on the health of their host (being plants, fish, and terrestrial animals including humans) has received increasing attention. The microbiota provides the host with nutrients, induces host immune development and metabolism, and protects the host against invading pathogens (1-6). Through millions of years of co-evolution bacteria and hosts have developed intimate relationships. Microbial colonization shapes the host immune system that in turn can shape the microbial composition (7-9). However, with the large scale use of antibiotics in agriculture and human medicine over the last decades an increase of diseases associated with so-called dysbiosis has emerged. Dysbiosis refers to either a disturbed microbial composition (outgrowth of possible pathogenic species) or a disturbed interaction between bacteria and the host (10). Instead of using more antibiotics to treat dysbiosis there is a need to develop alternative strategies to combat disturbed microbial control. To this end, we can learn from nature itself. For example, the plant root (or "rhizosphere") microbiome of sugar beet contains several bacterial species that suppress the fungal root pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, an economically important fungal pathogen of this crop (11). Likewise, commensal bacteria present on healthy human skin produce antimicrobial molecules that selectively kill skin pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, patients with atopic dermatitis (inflammation of the skin) lacked antimicrobial peptide secreting commensal skin bacteria (12). In this review, we will give an overview of microbial manipulation in fish, plants, and terrestrial animals including humans to uncover conserved mechanisms and learn how we might restore microbial balance increasing the resilience of the host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Brugman
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Corné M. J. Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter A. H. M. Bakker
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Bonanomi G, Lorito M, Vinale F, Woo SL. Organic Amendments, Beneficial Microbes, and Soil Microbiota: Toward a Unified Framework for Disease Suppression. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:1-20. [PMID: 29768137 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic amendments (OAs) and soilborne biocontrol agents or beneficial microbes (BMs) have been extensively studied and applied worldwide in most agriculturally important plant species. However, poor integration of research and technical approaches has limited the development of effective disease management practices based on the combination of these two bio-based strategies. Insights into the importance of the plant-associated microbiome for crop productivity, which can be modified or modulated by introducing OAs and/or BMs, are providing novel opportunities to achieve the goal of long-term disease control. This review discusses novel ways of functionally characterizing OAs and how they may be used to promote the effect of added biocontrol agents and/or beneficial soil microbiota to support natural suppressiveness of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy;
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli (NA), Italy
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy;
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli (NA), Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy;
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Sheridan L Woo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli (NA), Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli (NA), Italy
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TUBP1 protein lead to mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death in Verticillium dahliae. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 103:35-44. [PMID: 30081099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a cancer of cotton which affects cotton quality and yield in China. In our previous study, a novel anti-Verticillium dahliae protein TUBP1 was obtained from Bacillus axarquiensis. Then, we have systematically studied the anti-V. dahliae activity and the pore formation action of TUBP1 protein on V. dahliae membrane. In present study, we provide detailed whether TUBP1 protein induced mitochondrial damaged and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death in V. dahliae. In V. dahliae cells exposed to the TUBP1 protein, the mitochondrial dehydrogenases, F0F1-ATPase, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were reduced and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is a major cause of apoptosis, were increased. The results demonstrated that mitochondria dysfunction and ROS-induced oxidative stress caused the release of apoptotic factors. The following cellular changes, which are characteristic of apoptosis, were measured including mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Cytochrome c (Cyt C) release, metacaspase activation, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, and DNA condensation and fragmentation. The results showed that an important feature of apoptosis, MMP, was caused by ROS. Significantly, cyt c was released, which is a factor in metacaspase activity after treatment with the TUBP1 protein. Number of stained cells with activated intracellular metacaspases exposed to TUBP1 protein was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. We also showed that in the early and late stages of apoptosis, the effects of the TUBP1 protein were mediated by PS and DNA fragmentation and condensation in the plasma membrane, respectively. There turned out that the TUBP1 protein led to mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death in V.dahliae. The results of this investigation indicated that TUBP1 stain or protein is a potent candidate against V.dahliae infections in crop species.
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