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Baukova A, Bogun A, Sushkova S, Minkina T, Mandzhieva S, Alliluev I, Jatav HS, Kalinitchenko V, Rajput VD, Delegan Y. New Insights into Pseudomonas spp.-Produced Antibiotics: Genetic Regulation of Biosynthesis and Implementation in Biotechnology. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:597. [PMID: 39061279 PMCID: PMC11273644 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas bacteria are renowned for their remarkable capacity to synthesize antibiotics, namely mupirocin, gluconic acid, pyrrolnitrin, and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). While these substances are extensively employed in agricultural biotechnology to safeguard plants against harmful bacteria and fungi, their potential for human medicine and healthcare remains highly promising for common science. However, the challenge of obtaining stable producers that yield higher quantities of these antibiotics continues to be a pertinent concern in modern biotechnology. Although the interest in antibiotics of Pseudomonas bacteria has persisted over the past century, many uncertainties still surround the regulation of the biosynthetic pathways of these compounds. Thus, the present review comprehensively studies the genetic organization and regulation of the biosynthesis of these antibiotics and provides a comprehensive summary of the genetic organization of antibiotic biosynthesis pathways in pseudomonas strains, appealing to both molecular biologists and biotechnologists. In addition, attention is also paid to the application of antibiotics in plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Baukova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC PSCBR RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (A.B.); (A.B.)
- Pushchino Branch of Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian Biotechnology University (ROSBIOTECH)”, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander Bogun
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC PSCBR RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (A.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology behalf D.I. Ivanovskyi, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (S.M.); (I.A.); (V.D.R.)
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology behalf D.I. Ivanovskyi, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (S.M.); (I.A.); (V.D.R.)
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology behalf D.I. Ivanovskyi, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (S.M.); (I.A.); (V.D.R.)
| | - Ilya Alliluev
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology behalf D.I. Ivanovskyi, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (S.M.); (I.A.); (V.D.R.)
| | - Hanuman Singh Jatav
- Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, S.K.N. Agriculture University-Jobner, Jaipur 303329, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Valery Kalinitchenko
- Institute of Fertility of Soils of South Russia, 346493 Persianovka, Rostov Region, Russia;
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute St., 5, 143050 Big Vyazyomy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology behalf D.I. Ivanovskyi, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (S.M.); (I.A.); (V.D.R.)
| | - Yanina Delegan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC PSCBR RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (A.B.); (A.B.)
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology behalf D.I. Ivanovskyi, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (S.S.); (T.M.); (S.M.); (I.A.); (V.D.R.)
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Gupta P, Dash PK, Sanjay TD, Pradhan SK, Sreevathsa R, Rai R. Cloning and Molecular Characterization of the phlD Gene Involved in the Biosynthesis of "Phloroglucinol", a Compound with Antibiotic Properties from Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Pseudomonas spp. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020260. [PMID: 36830171 PMCID: PMC9952525 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
phlD is a novel kind of polyketide synthase involved in the biosynthesis of non-volatile metabolite phloroglucinol by iteratively condensing and cyclizing three molecules of malonyl-CoA as substrate. Phloroglucinol or 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is an ecologically important rhizospheric antibiotic produced by pseudomonads; it exhibits broad spectrum anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties, leading to disease suppression in the rhizosphere. Additionally, DAPG triggers systemic resistance in plants, stimulates root exudation, as well as induces phyto-enhancing activities in other rhizobacteria. Here, we report the cloning and analysis of the phlD gene from soil-borne gram-negative bacteria-Pseudomonas. The full-length phlD gene (from 1078 nucleotides) was successfully cloned and the structural details of the PHLD protein were analyzed in-depth via a three-dimensional topology and a refined three-dimensional model for the PHLD protein was predicted. Additionally, the stereochemical properties of the PHLD protein were analyzed by the Ramachandran plot, based on which, 94.3% of residues fell in the favored region and 5.7% in the allowed region. The generated model was validated by secondary structure prediction using PDBsum. The present study aimed to clone and characterize the DAPG-producing phlD gene to be deployed in the development of broad-spectrum biopesticides for the biocontrol of rhizospheric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Gupta
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Prasanta K. Dash
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Correspondence: (P.K.D.); (R.R.); Tel.: +91-1125841787 (P.K.D.); Fax: +91-1125843984 (P.K.D.)
| | | | - Sharat Kumar Pradhan
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
- Indian Council of Agriculture Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rhitu Rai
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Correspondence: (P.K.D.); (R.R.); Tel.: +91-1125841787 (P.K.D.); Fax: +91-1125843984 (P.K.D.)
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Effective In Vitro Control of Two Phytopathogens of Agricultural Interest Using Cell-Free Extracts of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Chitosan. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216359. [PMID: 34770767 PMCID: PMC8588211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A biofungicide is a natural product that can be derived from various sources such as, among others, microorganisms, higher plants, animal products, phytochemicals, semiochemicals, and antagonist microorganisms. One of the most important approaches for the production of biofungicides is the combination of biocontrol agents. This study showed the inhibition growth of Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani treated with cell-free extracts of P. fluorescens. Using thin-layer chromatography and plate assays it was also demonstrated that the cell-free extracts of P. fluorescens contained siderophores and derivates of 4-diacetylphloroglucinol and phenazine. Moreover, the combination of cell-free extracts of P. fluorescens and chitosan [50–1.5% (v/v)] had a synergistic effect since they notably inhibited the mycelial growth of A. altenata and F. solani. Various morphological alterations to the mycelia and conidia of the treated fungi as a result of this combination were also observed. The present study could be a starting point to control other fungal phytopathogens using different cell-free extracts and chitosan as biocontrol agents.
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Biessy A, Filion M. Phloroglucinol Derivatives in Plant-Beneficial Pseudomonas spp.: Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Functions. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030182. [PMID: 33804595 PMCID: PMC8003664 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-beneficial Pseudomonas spp. aggressively colonize the rhizosphere and produce numerous secondary metabolites, such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). DAPG is a phloroglucinol derivative that contributes to disease suppression, thanks to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. A famous example of this biocontrol activity has been previously described in the context of wheat monoculture where a decline in take-all disease (caused by the ascomycete Gaeumannomyces tritici) has been shown to be associated with rhizosphere colonization by DAPG-producing Pseudomonas spp. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis and regulation of phloroglucinol derivatives in the genus Pseudomonas, as well as investigate the role played by DAPG-producing Pseudomonas spp. in natural soil suppressiveness. We also tackle the mode of action of phloroglucinol derivatives, which can act as antibiotics, signalling molecules and, in some cases, even as pathogenicity factors. Finally, we discuss the genetic and genomic diversity of DAPG-producing Pseudomonas spp. as well as its importance for improving the biocontrol of plant pathogens.
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Andreolli M, Zapparoli G, Lampis S, Santi C, Angelini E, Bertazzon N. In Vivo Endophytic, Rhizospheric and Epiphytic Colonization of Vitis vinifera by the Plant-Growth Promoting and Antifungal Strain Pseudomonas protegens MP12. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020234. [PMID: 33498710 PMCID: PMC7910868 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An evaluation was conducted of the colonization of Pseudomonas protegens MP12, a plant-growth promoting and antagonistic strain, inoculated in vine plants during a standard process of grapevine nursery propagation. Three in vivo inoculation protocols (endophytic, rhizospheric, and epiphytic) were implemented and monitored by means of both culture-dependent and independent techniques. Endophytic treatment resulted in the colonization of the bacterium inside the vine cuttings, which spread to young leaves during the forcing period. Microscopy analysis performed on transformed dsRed-tagged P. protegens MP12 cells confirmed the bacterium’s ability to penetrate the inner part of the roots. However, endophytic MP12 strain was no longer detected once the plant materials had been placed in the vine nursery field. The bacterium also displayed an ability to colonize the rhizosphere and, when the plants were uprooted at the end of the vegetative season, its persistence was confirmed. Epiphytic inoculation, performed by foliar spraying of cell suspension, was effective in controlling artificially-induced Botrytis cinerea infection in detached leaves. The success of rhizospheric and leaf colonization in vine plants suggests potential for the future exploitation of P. protegens MP12 as biofertilizer and biopesticide. Further investigation is required into the stability of the bacterium’s colonization of vine plants under real-world conditions in vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Andreolli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Giacomo Zapparoli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8027047
| | - Silvia Lampis
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Santi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (S.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Elisa Angelini
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, CREA, 31015 Conegliano, Italy; (E.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Nadia Bertazzon
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, CREA, 31015 Conegliano, Italy; (E.A.); (N.B.)
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Siderophore production by Bacillus subtilis MF497446 and Pseudomonas koreensis MG209738 and their efficacy in controlling Cephalosporium maydis in maize plant. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:1195-1209. [PMID: 33231747 PMCID: PMC7683328 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Late wilt disease, caused by Cephalosporium maydis in maize plant, is one of the main economical diseases in Egypt. Therefore, to cope with this problem, we investigated the potentiality of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in controlling this disease. Six strains (Bacillus subtilis, B. circulance, B. coagulanse, B. licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluroscence and P. koreensis) were screened for siderophore production, and using dual plate culture method and greenhouse experiment, antagonistic activity against C. maydis was studied. Using two superior strains, single and dual inoculation treatments in maize were applied in field experiment during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. Results indicated that B. subtilis and P. koreensis strains had shown the most qualitative and quantitative assays for siderophore production and antagonistic activities. In greenhouse, the most effective treatments on the pre- and post-emergence damping off as well as growth promotion of maize were T3 treatment (inoculated with B. subtilis), and T8 treatment (inoculated with P. koreensis). In field experiment, T5 treatment (inoculated with a mixture of B. subtilis and P. koreensis) showed significant increases in catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, as well as total chlorophyll and carotenoids than control treatments during the two growing seasons. In the same way, the highest effect in reducing infection and increasing the thickness of the sclerenchymatous sheath layer surrounding the vascular bundles in maize stem was observed and these results were a reflection of the increase in yield and yield parameters.
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Schwanemann T, Otto M, Wierckx N, Wynands B. Pseudomonasas Versatile Aromatics Cell Factory. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900569. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schwanemann
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Maike Otto
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Benedikt Wynands
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich, GmbH 52425 Jülich Germany
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Yang M, Mavrodi DV, Mavrodi OV, Thomashow LS, Weller DM. Exploring the Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas brassicacearum Q8r1-96 and Other Strains of the Pseudomonas fluorescens Complex on Tomato. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1026-1031. [PMID: 31994984 PMCID: PMC7163159 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-19-1989-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas brassicacearum and related species of the P. fluorescens complex have long been studied as biocontrol and growth-promoting rhizobacteria involved in suppression of soilborne pathogens. We report here that P. brassicacearum Q8r1-96 and other 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producing fluorescent pseudomonads involved in take-all decline of wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the United States can also be pathogenic to other plant hosts. Strain Q8r1-96 caused necrosis when injected into tomato stems and immature tomato fruits, either attached or removed from the plant, but lesion development was dose dependent, with a minimum of 106 CFU ml-1 required to cause visible tissue damage. We explored the relative contribution of several known plant-microbe interaction traits to the pathogenicity of strain Q8r1-96. Type III secretion system (T3SS) mutants of Q8r1-96, injected at a concentration of 108 CFU ml-1, were significantly less virulent, but not consistently, as compared with the wild-type strain. However, a DAPG-deficient phlD mutant of Q8r1-96 was significantly and consistently less virulent as compared with the wild type. Strain Q8r1-96acc, engineered to over express ACC deaminase, caused a similar amount of necrosis as the wild type. Cell-free culture filtrates of strain Q8r1-96 and pure DAPG also cause necrosis in tomato fruits. Our results suggest that DAPG plays a significant role in the ability of Q8r1-96 to cause necrosis of tomato tissue, but other factors also contribute to the pathogenic properties of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yang
- Corresponding authors: Mingming Yang: ; David M. Weller:
| | - Dmitri V. Mavrodi
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Olga V. Mavrodi
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Linda S. Thomashow
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
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Sharma D, Gupta S, Gupta M, Summuna B. Exploration of Secondary Metabolites for Management of Chickpea Diseases. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35947-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Antimicrobial secondary metabolites from agriculturally important bacteria as next-generation pesticides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1013-1034. [PMID: 31858191 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The whole organisms can be packaged as biopesticides, but secondary metabolites secreted by microorganisms can also have a wide range of biological activities that either protect the plant against pests and pathogens or act as plant growth promotors which can be beneficial for the agricultural crops. In this review, we have compiled information about the most important secondary metabolites of three important bacterial genera currently used in agriculture pest and disease management.
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Chevrette MG, Gutiérrez-García K, Selem-Mojica N, Aguilar-Martínez C, Yañez-Olvera A, Ramos-Aboites HE, Hoskisson PA, Barona-Gómez F. Evolutionary dynamics of natural product biosynthesis in bacteria. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 37:566-599. [PMID: 31822877 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00048h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2008 up to 2019The forces of biochemical adaptive evolution operate at the level of genes, manifesting in complex phenotypes and the global biodiversity of proteins and metabolites. While evolutionary histories have been deciphered for some other complex traits, the origins of natural product biosynthesis largely remain a mystery. This fundamental knowledge gap is surprising given the many decades of research probing the genetic, chemical, and biophysical mechanisms of bacterial natural product biosynthesis. Recently, evolutionary thinking has begun to permeate this otherwise mechanistically dominated field. Natural products are now sometimes referred to as 'specialized' rather than 'secondary' metabolites, reinforcing the importance of their biological and ecological functions. Here, we review known evolutionary mechanisms underlying the overwhelming chemical diversity of bacterial secondary metabolism, focusing on enzyme promiscuity and the evolution of enzymatic domains that enable metabolic traits. We discuss the mechanisms that drive the assembly of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters and propose formal definitions for 'specialized' and 'secondary' metabolism. We further explore how biosynthetic gene clusters evolve to synthesize related molecular species, and in turn how the biological and ecological roles that emerge from metabolic diversity are acted on by selection. Finally, we reconcile chemical, functional, and genetic data into an evolutionary model, the dynamic chemical matrix evolutionary hypothesis, in which the relationships between chemical distance, biomolecular activity, and relative fitness shape adaptive landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc G Chevrette
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Yang M, Mavrodi DV, Thomashow LS, Weller DM. Differential Response of Wheat Cultivars to Pseudomonas brassicacearum and Take-All Decline Soil. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:1363-1372. [PMID: 29905506 PMCID: PMC6483097 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-18-0024-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producing Pseudomonas spp. in the P. fluorescens complex are primarily responsible for a natural suppression of take-all of wheat known as take-all decline (TAD) in many fields in the United States. P. brassicacearum, the most common DAPG producer found in TAD soils in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States, has biological control, growth promoting and phytotoxic activities. In this study, we explored how the wheat cultivar affects the level of take-all suppression when grown in a TAD soil, and how cultivars respond to colonization by P. brassicacearum. Three cultivars (Tara, Finley, and Buchanan) supported similar rhizosphere population sizes of P. brassicacearum when grown in a TAD soil, however they developed significantly different amounts of take-all. Cultivars Tara and Buchanan developed the least and most take-all, respectively, and Finley showed an intermediate amount of disease. However, when grown in TAD soil that was pasteurized to eliminate both DAPG producers and take-all suppression, all three cultivars were equally susceptible to take-all. The three cultivars also responded differently to the colonization and phytotoxicity of P. brassicacearum strains Q8r1-96 and L5.1-96, which are characteristic of DAPG producers in PNW TAD soils. Compared with cultivar Tara, cultivar Buchanan showed significantly reduced seedling emergence and root growth when colonized by P. brassicacearum, and the response of Finley was intermediate. However, all cultivars emerged equally when treated with a DAPG-deficient mutant of Q8r1-96. Our results indicate that wheat cultivars grown in a TAD soil modulate both the robustness of take-all suppression and the potential phytotoxicity of the antibiotic DAPG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitri V. Mavrodi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg 39406
| | - Linda S. Thomashow
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430
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Isolation and Molecular Characterization of a Model Antagonistic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Divulging In Vitro Plant Growth Promoting Characteristics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6147380. [PMID: 29568759 PMCID: PMC5820566 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6147380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of microbial technologies in agriculture is currently expanding quite rapidly with the identification of new bacterial strains, which are more effective in promoting plant growth. In the present study 18 strains of Pseudomonas were isolated from soil sample of Balochistan coastline. Among isolated Pseudomonas strains four designated as SP19, SP22, PS24, and SP25 exhibited biocontrol activities against phytopathogenic fungi, that is, Rhizopus microsporus, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, and Penicillium digitatum; PS24 identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16srRNA gene bank accession number EU081518 was selected on the basis of its antifungal activity to explore its potential as plant growth promotion. PS24 showed multiple plant growth promoting attributes such as phosphate solubilization activity, indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, and HCN production. In order to determine the basis for antifungal properties, antibiotics were extracted from King B broth of PS24 and analyzed by TLC. Pyrrolnitrin antibiotic was detected in the culture of strain PS24. PS24 exhibited antifungal activities found to be positive for hydrogen cyanide synthase Hcn BC gene. Sequencing of gene of Hcn BC gene of strain PS24 revealed 99% homology with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA01. The sequence of PS24 had been submitted in gene bank accession number KR605499. Ps. aeruginosa PS24 with its multifunctional biocontrol possessions can be used to bioprotect the crop plants from phytopathogens.
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Gutiérrez-García K, Neira-González A, Pérez-Gutiérrez RM, Granados-Ramírez G, Zarraga R, Wrobel K, Barona-Gómez F, Flores-Cotera LB. Phylogenomics of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Pseudomonas and Novel Antiglycation Endophytes from Piper auritum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1955-1963. [PMID: 28704049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) (1) is a phenolic polyketide produced by some plant-associated Pseudomonas species, with many biological activities and ecological functions. Here, we aimed at reconstructing the natural history of DAPG using phylogenomics focused at its biosynthetic gene cluster or phl genes. In addition to around 1500 publically available genomes, we obtained and analyzed the sequences of nine novel Pseudomonas endophytes isolated from the antidiabetic medicinal plant Piper auritum. We found that 29 organisms belonging to six Pseudomonas species contain the phl genes at different frequencies depending on the species. The evolution of the phl genes was then reconstructed, leading to at least two clades postulated to correlate with the known chemical diversity surrounding DAPG biosynthesis. Moreover, two of the newly obtained Pseudomonas endophytes with high antiglycation activity were shown to exert their inhibitory activity against the formation of advanced glycation end-products via DAPG and related congeners. Its isomer, 5-hydroxyferulic acid (2), detected during bioactivity-guided fractionation, together with other DAPG congeners, were found to enhance the detected inhibitory activity. This report provides evidence of a link between the evolution and chemical diversity of DAPG and congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gutiérrez-García
- Evolution of Metabolic Diversity Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Cinvestav-IPN , Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Laboratory of Microbial Secondary Metabolism, Department of Biotechnology, Cinvestav-IPN Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Adriana Neira-González
- Laboratory of Microbial Secondary Metabolism, Department of Biotechnology, Cinvestav-IPN Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Rosa Martha Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Natural Products Research, ESIQUIE-IPN , Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07708, Mexico
| | | | - Ramon Zarraga
- Chemistry Department, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato , Guanajuato 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Kazimierz Wrobel
- Chemistry Department, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato , Guanajuato 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Francisco Barona-Gómez
- Evolution of Metabolic Diversity Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Cinvestav-IPN , Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Luis B Flores-Cotera
- Laboratory of Microbial Secondary Metabolism, Department of Biotechnology, Cinvestav-IPN Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Bajpai A, Singh B, Joshi S, Johri BN. Production and Characterization of an Antifungal Compound from Pseudomonas protegens Strain W45. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-017-0844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Guo J, Jing X, Peng WL, Nie Q, Zhai Y, Shao Z, Zheng L, Cai M, Li G, Zuo H, Zhang Z, Wang RR, Huang D, Cheng W, Yu Z, Chen LL, Zhang J. Comparative genomic and functional analyses: unearthing the diversity and specificity of nematicidal factors in Pseudomonas putida strain 1A00316. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29211. [PMID: 27384076 PMCID: PMC4935845 DOI: 10.1038/srep29211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We isolated Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) strain 1A00316 from Antarctica. This bacterium has a high efficiency against Meloidogyne incognita (M. incognita) in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. The complete genome of P. putida 1A00316 was sequenced using PacBio single molecule real-time (SMRT) technology. A comparative genomic analysis of 16 Pseudomonas strains revealed that although P. putida 1A00316 belonged to P. putida, it was phenotypically more similar to nematicidal Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) strains. We characterized the diversity and specificity of nematicidal factors in P. putida 1A00316 with comparative genomics and functional analysis, and found that P. putida 1A00316 has diverse nematicidal factors including protein alkaline metalloproteinase AprA and two secondary metabolites, hydrogen cyanide and cyclo-(l-isoleucyl-l-proline). We show for the first time that cyclo-(l-isoleucyl-l-proline) exhibit nematicidal activity in P. putida. Interestingly, our study had not detected common nematicidal factors such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) and pyrrolnitrin in P. putida 1A00316. The results of the present study reveal the diversity and specificity of nematicidal factors in P. putida strain 1A00316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xueping Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Lei Peng
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qiyu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yile Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Longyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Huaiyu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui-Ru Wang
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wanli Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbe Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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17
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Acebo-Guerrero Y, Hernández-Rodríguez A, Vandeputte O, Miguélez-Sierra Y, Heydrich-Pérez M, Ye L, Cornelis P, Bertin P, El Jaziri M. Characterization of Pseudomonas chlororaphis from Theobroma cacao L. rhizosphere with antagonistic activity against Phytophthora palmivora (Butler). J Appl Microbiol 2016. [PMID: 26218193 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To isolate and characterize rhizobacteria from Theobroma cacao with antagonistic activity against Phytophthora palmivora, the causal agent of the black pod rot, which is one of the most important diseases of T. cacao. METHODS AND RESULTS Among 127 rhizobacteria isolated from cacao rhizosphere, three isolates (CP07, CP24 and CP30) identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis, showed in vitro antagonistic activity against P. palmivora. Direct antagonism tested in cacao detached leaves revealed that the isolated rhizobacteria were able to reduce symptom severity upon infection with P. palmivora Mab1, with Ps. chlororaphis CP07 standing out as a potential biocontrol agent. Besides, reduced symptom severity on leaves was also observed in planta where cacao root system was pretreated with the isolated rhizobacteria followed by leaf infection with P. palmivora Mab1. The production of lytic enzymes, siderophores, biosurfactants and HCN, as well as the detection of genes encoding antibiotics, the formation of biofilm, and bacterial motility were also assessed for all three rhizobacterial strains. By using a mutant impaired in viscosin production, derived from CP07, it was found that this particular biosurfactant turned out to be crucial for both motility and biofilm formation, but not for the in vitro antagonism against Phytophthora, although it may contribute to the bioprotection of T. cacao. CONCLUSIONS In the rhizosphere of T. cacao, there are rhizobacteria, such as Ps. chlororaphis, able to protect plants against P. palmivora. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides a theoretical basis for the potential use of Ps. chlororaphis CP07 as a biocontrol agent for the protection of cacao plants from P. palmivora infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Acebo-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Plaza, Cuba
| | - A Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Plaza, Cuba
| | - O Vandeputte
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - M Heydrich-Pérez
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Plaza, Cuba
| | - L Ye
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Research group Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and VIB Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Cornelis
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Research group Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and VIB Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Bertin
- Earth and Life Institute - Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
| | - M El Jaziri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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18
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Morsy AA, Elshahawy IE. Anthracnose of lucky bamboo Dracaena sanderiana caused by the fungus Colletotrichum dracaenophilum in Egypt. J Adv Res 2016; 7:327-35. [PMID: 27222738 PMCID: PMC4856819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dracaena sanderiana, of the family Liliaceae, is among the ornamental plants most frequently imported into Egypt. Typical anthracnose symptoms were observed on the stems of imported D. sanderiana samples. The pathogen was isolated, demonstrated to be pathogenic based on Koch's rule and identified as Colletotrichum dracaenophilum. The optimum temperature for its growth ranges from 25 to 30 °C, maintained for 8 days. Kemazed 50% wettable powder (WP) was the most effective fungicide against the pathogen, as no fungal growth was observed over 100 ppm. The biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride followed by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus caused the highest reduction in fungal growth. To the best of our knowledge, this report describes the first time that this pathogen was observed on D. sanderiana in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim E. Elshahawy
- Plant Pathology Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Mikiciński A, Sobiczewski P, Puławska J, Malusa E. Antagonistic potential of Pseudomonas graminis 49M against Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:531-9. [PMID: 27002332 PMCID: PMC4930463 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study (Mikiciński et al. in Eur J Plant Pathol, doi:10.1007/s10658-015-0837-y, 2015), we described the characterization of novel strain 49M of Pseudomonasgraminis, isolated from the phyllosphere of apple trees in Poland showing a good protective activity against fire blight on different organs of host plants. We now report investigations to clarify the basis for this activity. Strain 49M was found to produce siderophores on a medium containing complex CAS-Fe3+ and HDTMA, but was not able to produce N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). Moreover, it formed a biofilm on polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surfaces. Strain 49M gave a positive reaction in PCR with primers complementary to gacA, the regulatory gene influencing the production of several secondary metabolites including antibiotics. The genes prnD (encoding pyrrolnitrin), pltC, pltB (pyoluteorin), phlD (2,4-diacetyl-phloroglucinol) and phzC as well as phzD (and their homologs phzF and phzA encoding phenazine), described for antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonads, however, were not detected. Research into the biotic relationship between strain 49M and Erwiniaamylovora strain Ea659 on five microbiological media showed that this strain clearly inhibited the growth of the pathogen on King’s B and nutrient agar with glycerol media, to a very small extent on nutrient agar with sucrose, and not at all on Luria–Bertani agar. On medium 925, strain 49M even stimulated E. amylovora growth. The addition of ferric chloride to King’s B resulted in the loss of its inhibitory ability. Testing the survival of 49M in vitro showed its resistance to drought, greater than that of E. amylovora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mikiciński
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobiczewski
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland.
| | - Joanna Puławska
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Eligio Malusa
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland
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20
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Mousa WK, Raizada MN. Biodiversity of genes encoding anti-microbial traits within plant associated microbes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:231. [PMID: 25914708 PMCID: PMC4392301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant is an attractive versatile home for diverse associated microbes. A subset of these microbes produces a diversity of anti-microbial natural products including polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenoids, heterocylic nitrogenous compounds, volatile compounds, bacteriocins, and lytic enzymes. In recent years, detailed molecular analysis has led to a better understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms. New genomic and bioinformatic tools have permitted comparisons of orthologous genes between species, leading to predictions of the associated evolutionary mechanisms responsible for diversification at the genetic and corresponding biochemical levels. The purpose of this review is to describe the biodiversity of biosynthetic genes of plant-associated bacteria and fungi that encode selected examples of antimicrobial natural products. For each compound, the target pathogen and biochemical mode of action are described, in order to draw attention to the complexity of these phenomena. We review recent information of the underlying molecular diversity and draw lessons through comparative genomic analysis of the orthologous coding sequences (CDS). We conclude by discussing emerging themes and gaps, discuss the metabolic pathways in the context of the phylogeny and ecology of their microbial hosts, and discuss potential evolutionary mechanisms that led to the diversification of biosynthetic gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa K. Mousa
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of GuelphGuelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura UniversityMansoura, Egypt
| | - Manish N. Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of GuelphGuelph, ON, Canada
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21
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Agrawal T, Kotasthane AS, Kushwah R. Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producing Pseudomonas putida isolates of Chhattisgarh region and assessment of its phosphate solubilizing ability. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:45-60. [PMID: 28324359 PMCID: PMC4327755 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse and versatile spectrum of metabolic activities among isolates of fluorescent Pseudomonas putida indicates their adaptability to various niches. These polyhydroxybutyrate producing and phosphate solubilizing isolates showed a high level of functional and genetic versatility among themselves. One of the potential P. putida isolate P132 can contribute as a candidate agent for both biocontrol and PGPR applications. Identified as one of the most efficient PHB producer and phosphate solubilizer, in vitro detection of P132 showed the presence of genes for phenazine, pyrrolnitrin, pyoluteorin and 2,4 diacetylphloroglucinol along with polyhydroxyalkanoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshy Agrawal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur, 492006, Chattisgarh, India.
| | - Anil S Kotasthane
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur, 492006, Chattisgarh, India
- Department of Plant Pathology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur, 492006, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Renu Kushwah
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur, 492006, Chattisgarh, India
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22
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AKHDIYA ALINA, WAHYUDI ARISTRI, MUNIF ABDUL, DARUSMAN LATIFAHKOSIM. Characterization of an Endophytic Bacterium G062 Isolate with Beneficial Traits. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.21.4.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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23
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Matthijs S, Vander Wauven C, Cornu B, Ye L, Cornelis P, Thomas CM, Ongena M. Antimicrobial properties of Pseudomonas strains producing the antibiotic mupirocin. Res Microbiol 2014; 165:695-704. [PMID: 25303834 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mupirocin is a polyketide antibiotic with broad antibacterial activity. It was isolated and characterized about 40 years ago from Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 10586. To study the phylogenetic distribution of mupirocin producing strains in the genus Pseudomonas a large collection of Pseudomonas strains of worldwide origin, consisting of 117 Pseudomonas type strains and 461 strains isolated from different biological origins, was screened by PCR for the mmpD gene of the mupirocin gene cluster. Five mmpD(+) strains from different geographic and biological origin were identified. They all produced mupirocin and were strongly antagonistic against Staphylococcus aureus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that mupirocin production is limited to a single species. Inactivation of mupirocin production leads to complete loss of in vitro antagonism against S. aureus, except on certain iron-reduced media where the siderophore pyoverdine is responsible for the in vitro antagonism of a mupirocin-negative mutant. In addition to mupirocin some of the strains produced lipopeptides of the massetolide group. These lipopeptides do not play a role in the observed in vitro antagonism of the mupirocin producing strains against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Matthijs
- Institut de Recherches Microbiologiques - Wiame, Campus du CERIA, 1 avenue Emile Gryson, bât 4B, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Corinne Vander Wauven
- Institut de Recherches Microbiologiques - Wiame, Campus du CERIA, 1 avenue Emile Gryson, bât 4B, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Bertrand Cornu
- Institut de Recherches Microbiologiques - Wiame, Campus du CERIA, 1 avenue Emile Gryson, bât 4B, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Lumeng Ye
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Research Group of Microbiology and Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Research Group of Microbiology and Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Christopher M Thomas
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Marc Ongena
- Walloon Center for Industrial Biology, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium.
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24
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Sarma RK, Gogoi A, Dehury B, Debnath R, Bora TC, Saikia R. Community profiling of culturable fluorescent pseudomonads in the rhizosphere of green gram (Vigna radiata L.). PLoS One 2014; 9:e108378. [PMID: 25279790 PMCID: PMC4184808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Study on microbial diversity in the unexplored rhizosphere is important to understand their community structure, biology and ecological interaction with the host plant. This research assessed the genetic and functional diversity of fluorescent pseudomonads [FP] in the green gram rhizophere. One hundred and twenty types of morphologically distinct fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated during vegetative as well as reproductive growth phase of green gram. Rep PCR, ARDRA and RISA revealed two distinct clusters in each case at 75, 61 and 70% similarity coefficient index respectively. 16S rRNA partial sequencing analysis of 85 distantly related fluorescent pseudomonads depicted Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the dominant group. Out of 120 isolates, 23 (19%) showed antagonistic activity towards phytopathogenic fungi. These bacterial isolates showed varied production of salicylic acid, HCN and chitinase, 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and pyoluteorin (PLT). Production efficiency of inherent level of plant growth promoting (PGP) traits among the 120 isolates demonstrated that 10 (8%) solubilised inorganic phosphates, 25 (20%) produced indoles and 5 (4%) retained ACC deaminase activity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa GGRJ21 showed the highest production of all antagonistic and plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. In a greenhouse experiment, GGRJ21 suppressed root rot disease of green gram by 28-93% (p = 0.05). Consistent up regulation of three important stress responsive genes, i.e., acdS, KatA and gbsA and elevated production efficiency of different PGP traits could promote GGRJ21 as a potent plant growth regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak K Sarma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Animesh Gogoi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Rajal Debnath
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Tarun C Bora
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Ratul Saikia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
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25
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Sekar J, Prabavathy VR. Novel Phl-producing genotypes of finger millet rhizosphere associated pseudomonads and assessment of their functional and genetic diversity. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 89:32-46. [PMID: 24819774 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity of phlD gene, an essential gene in the biosynthesis of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, was studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in 20 Phl-producing pseudomonads isolated from finger millet rhizosphere. RFLP analysis of phlD gene displayed three patterns with HaeIII and TaqI enzymes. phlD gene sequence closely correlated with RFLP results and revealed the existence of three new genotypes G, H and I. Further, the phylogenetic and concatenated sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, gyrB, rpoD genes supported the hypothesis that these genotypes G, H and I were different from reported genotypes A-F. In all phylogenetic studies, the genotype G formed a distant clade from the groups of Pseudomonas putida and P. aeruginosa (sensu strictu), but the groups H and I were closely related to P. aeruginosa/P. stutzeri group. The Phl-producing pseudomonads exhibited antagonistic activity against Pyricularia grisea (TN508), Gaeumannomyces graminis (DSM1463), Fusarium oxysporum (DSM62297), Xanthomonas campestris (DSM3586) and Erwinia persicina (HMGU155). In addition, these strains exhibited various plant growth-promoting traits. In conclusion, this study displays the existence of novel Phl-producing pseudomonads genotypes G, H and I from finger millet rhizosphere, which formed taxonomically outward phylogenetic lineage from the groups of P. putida and P. aeruginosa (sensu strictu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegan Sekar
- Microbiology Department, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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26
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Takeuchi K, Noda N, Someya N. Complete genome sequence of the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas protegens Cab57 discovered in Japan reveals strain-specific diversity of this species. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93683. [PMID: 24695768 PMCID: PMC3973561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biocontrol strain Pseudomonas sp. Cab57 was isolated from the rhizosphere of shepherd's purse growing in a field in Hokkaido by screening the antibiotic producers. The whole genome sequence of this strain was obtained by paired-end and whole-genome shotgun sequencing, and the gaps between the contigs were closed using gap-spanning PCR products. The P. sp. Cab57 genome is organized into a single circular chromosome with 6,827,892 bp, 63.3% G+C content, and 6,186 predicted protein-coding sequences. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis and whole genome analysis, strain Cab57 was identified as P. protegens. As reported in P. protegens CHA0 and Pf-5, four gene clusters (phl, prn, plt, and hcn) encoding the typical antibiotic metabolites and the reported genes associated with Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway of these strains are fully conserved in the Cab57 genome. Actually strain Cab57 exhibited typical Gac/Rsm activities and antibiotic production, and these activities were enhanced by knocking out the retS gene (for a sensor kinase acting as an antagonist of GacS). Two large segments (79 and 115 kb) lacking in the Cab57 genome, as compared with the Pf-5 genome, accounted for the majority of the difference (247 kb) between these genomes. One of these segments was the complete rhizoxin analog biosynthesis gene cluster (ca. 79 kb) and another one was the 115-kb mobile genomic island. A whole genome comparison of those relative strains revealed that each strain has unique gene clusters involved in metabolism such as nitrite/nitrate assimilation, which was identified in the Cab57 genome. These findings suggest that P. protegens is a ubiquitous bacterium that controls its biocontrol traits while building up strain-specific genomic repertoires for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and niche adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Takeuchi
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naomi Noda
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Someya
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Memuro-cho, Kasai-gun, Hokkaido, Japan
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Yang MM, Wen SS, Mavrodi DV, Mavrodi OV, von Wettstein D, Thomashow LS, Guo JH, Weller DM. Biological control of wheat root diseases by the CLP-producing strain Pseudomonas fluorescens HC1-07. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 104:248-56. [PMID: 24512115 PMCID: PMC5523110 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-13-0142-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens HC1-07, previously isolated from the phyllosphere of wheat grown in Hebei province, China, suppresses the soilborne disease of wheat take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. We report here that strain HC1-07 also suppresses Rhizoctonia root rot of wheat caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-8. Strain HC1-07 produced a cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) with a molecular weight of 1,126.42 based on analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Extracted CLP inhibited the growth of G. graminis var. tritici and R. solani in vitro. To determine the role of this CLP in biological control, plasposon mutagenesis was used to generate two nonproducing mutants, HC1-07viscB and HC1-07prtR2. Analysis of regions flanking plasposon insertions in HC1-07prtR2 and HC1-07viscB revealed that the inactivated genes were similar to prtR and viscB, respectively, of the well-described biocontrol strain P. fluorescens SBW25 that produces the CLP viscosin. Both genes in HC1-07 were required for the production of the viscosin-like CLP. The two mutants were less inhibitory to G. graminis var. tritici and R. solani in vitro and reduced in ability to suppress take-all. HC1-07viscB but not HC-07prtR2 was reduced in ability to suppress Rhizoctonia root rot. In addition to CLP production, prtR also played a role in protease production.
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Naushad HS, Gupta RS. Phylogenomics and molecular signatures for species from the plant pathogen-containing order xanthomonadales. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55216. [PMID: 23408961 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The species from the order Xanthomonadales, which harbors many important plant pathogens and some human pathogens, are currently distinguished primarily on the basis of their branching in the 16S rRNA tree. No molecular or biochemical characteristic is known that is specific for these bacteria. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses were conducted on 26 sequenced Xanthomonadales genomes to delineate their branching order and to identify molecular signatures consisting of conserved signature indels (CSIs) in protein sequences that are specific for these bacteria. In a phylogenetic tree based upon sequences for 28 proteins, Xanthomonadales species formed a strongly supported clade with Rhodanobacter sp. 2APBS1 as its deepest branch. Comparative analyses of protein sequences have identified 13 CSIs in widely distributed proteins such as GlnRS, TypA, MscL, LysRS, LipA, Tgt, LpxA, TolQ, ParE, PolA and TyrB that are unique to all species/strains from this order, but not found in any other bacteria. Fifteen additional CSIs in proteins (viz. CoxD, DnaE, PolA, SucA, AsnB, RecA, PyrG, LigA, MutS and TrmD) are uniquely shared by different Xanthomonadales except Rhodanobacter and in a few cases by Pseudoxanthomonas species, providing further support for the deep branching of these two genera. Five other CSIs are commonly shared by Xanthomonadales and 1-3 species from the orders Chromatiales, Methylococcales and Cardiobacteriales suggesting that these deep branching orders of Gammaproteobacteria might be specifically related. Lastly, 7 CSIs in ValRS, CarB, PyrE, GlyS, RnhB, MinD and X001065 are commonly shared by Xanthomonadales and a limited number of Beta- or Gamma-proteobacteria. Our analysis indicates that these CSIs have likely originated independently and they are not due to lateral gene transfers. The Xanthomonadales-specific CSIs reported here provide novel molecular markers for the identification of these important plant and human pathogens and also as potential targets for development of drugs/agents that specifically target these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Sohail Naushad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Promotion of plant growth, biological control and induced systemic resistance in maize by Pseudomonas aurantiaca JD37. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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30
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Thongsri Y, Aromdee C, Yenjai C, Kanokmedhakul S, Chaiprasert A, Hamal P, Prariyachatigul C. Detection of diketopiperazine and pyrrolnitrin, compounds with anti-Pythium insidiosum activity, in a Pseudomonas stutzeri environmental strain. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 158:378-83. [PMID: 23149469 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Screening of bacterial flora for strains producing metabolites with inhibitory effects on the human pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. Separation and characterization of extracts from Pseudomonas stutzeri with anti-Pythium inhibitory activity. Search for genes with anti-Pythium effect within the genome of P. stutzeri. METHODS A total of 88 bacterial strains were isolated from water resources in northeastern Thailand. Two screening methods were used to establish their inhibitory effects on P. insidiosum. One strain, P. stutzeri ST1302 was randomly chosen, and the extract with anti-P. insidiosum activity was fractionated and subfractionated using liquid column chromatography and purified by thin layer chromatography. The chemical structure of purified fractions was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Further, search for genes involved in the anti-Pythium activity (phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, pyoluteorin and pyrrolnitrin) was undertaken in this P. stutzeri strain using primers described in the literature. RESULTS Anti-P. insidiosum activity was detected in 16 isolates (18.2%). In P. stutzeri ST1302, a subfraction labeled PYK7 exhibited strong activity against this oomycete. It was assigned to the diketopiperazines as cyclo(D-Pro-L-Val). In the search for genes, one gene region was successfully amplified. This corresponded to pyrrolnitrin. The results suggest the possibility of using the related metabolites against P. insidiosum. This is the first report on the inhibitory effects of P. stutzeri against this oomycete. The results may contribute to the development of antimicrobial drugs/probiotics against pythiosis.
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Ramette A, Moënne-Loccoz Y, Défago G. Prevalence of fluorescent pseudomonads producing antifungal phloroglucinols and/or hydrogen cyanide in soils naturally suppressive or conducive to tobacco black root rot. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 44:35-43. [PMID: 19719649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2003.tb01088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Certain soils from Morens, Switzerland, are naturally suppressive to Thielaviopsis basicola-mediated black root rot of tobacco, and fluorescent pseudomonads are involved in this suppressiveness. Here, we compared two conducive, one moderately suppressive and one suppressive soil from Morens. Disease levels on tobacco after heavy T. basicola inoculation varied from 29% to 85% for the two conducive soils, 10% to 78% for the moderately suppressive soil and 11% to 42% for the suppressive soil, depending on time of the year. In the absence of T. basicola inoculation, disease levels were between 0% and 40% and varied also in time. Fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from the rhizosphere and roots of tobacco subjected to T. basicola inoculation and characterized for production of the biocontrol metabolites 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) and HCN. No difference in population size was found between the suppressive and the conducive soils for total, Phl(+) and HCN(+) fluorescent pseudomonads colonizing the rhizosphere or roots of tobacco. Yet, the percentage of Phl(+) isolates was significantly higher (30-32% vs. 6-11%) in the rhizosphere and roots for plants grown in the suppressive soil compared with the moderately suppressive and conducive soils. Different restriction profiles for phlD, one of the Phl biosynthetic genes, were often found when analyzing Phl(+) isolates colonizing the same plant. Most phlD alleles were recovered from both suppressive and conducive soils, except one allele found only in root isolates from the suppressive soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Ramette
- Phytopathology Group, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Parejko JA, Mavrodi DV, Mavrodi OV, Weller DM, Thomashow LS. Population structure and diversity of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. from dryland cereal fields of central Washington State (USA). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 64:226-241. [PMID: 22383119 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Certain strains of the rhizosphere bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens contain the phenazine biosynthesis operon (phzABCDEFG) and produce redox-active phenazine antibiotics that suppress a wide variety of soilborne plant pathogens. In 2007 and 2008, we isolated 412 phenazine-producing (Phz(+)) fluorescent Pseudomonas strains from roots of dryland wheat and barley grown in the low-precipitation region (<350 mm annual precipitation) of central Washington State. Based on results of BOX-PCR genomic fingerprinting analysis, these isolates, as well as the model biocontrol Phz(+) strain P. fluorescens 2-79, were assigned to 31 distinct genotypes separated into four clusters. All of the isolates exhibited high 16S rDNA sequence similarity to members of the P. fluorescens species complex including Pseudomonas orientalis, Pseudomonas gessardii, Pseudomonas libanensis, and Pseudomonas synxantha. Further recA-based sequence analyses revealed that the majority of new Phz(+) isolates (386 of 413) form a clade distinctly separated from P. fluorescens 2-79. Analysis of phzF alleles, however, revealed that the majority of those isolates (280 of 386) carried phenazine biosynthesis genes similar to those of P. fluorescens 2-79. phzF-based analyses also revealed that phenazine genes were under purifying selection and showed evidence of intracluster recombination. Phenotypic analyses using Biolog substrate utilization and observations of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid production showed considerable variability amongst members of all four clusters. Biodiversity indices indicated significant differences in diversity and evenness between the sampled sites. In summary, this study revealed a genotypically and phenotypically diverse group of phenazine producers with a population structure not seen before in indigenous rhizosphere-inhabiting Phz(+) Pseudomonas spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Parejko
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4234, USA
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Zhou T, Chen D, Li C, Sun Q, Li L, Liu F, Shen Q, Shen B. Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas brassicacearum J12 as an antagonist against Ralstonia solanacearum and identification of its antimicrobial components. Microbiol Res 2012; 167:388-94. [PMID: 22361469 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A bacterial strain, J12, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants strongly inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum. Strain J12 was identified as Pseudomonas brassicacearum based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence. J12 could produce 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), siderophore(s) and protease. The maximum growth and antagonistic activity were recorded at 30°C and pH 8. Glucose and tryptone were used as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Strain J12 significantly suppressed tomato bacteria wilt by 45.5% in the greenhouse experiment. The main antimicrobial compound of J12 was identified as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis. The gene cluster phlACBD, which is responsible for 2,4-DAPG production, was identified and expressed in the bacterial strain Escherichia coli DH5α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Ramadasappa S, Rai AK, Jaat RS, Singh A, Rai R. Isolation and screening of phlD + plant growth promoting rhizobacteria antagonistic to Ralstonia solanacearum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:1681-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang MM, Mavrodi DV, Mavrodi OV, Bonsall RF, Parejko JA, Paulitz TC, Thomashow LS, Yang HT, Weller DM, Guo JH. Biological control of take-all by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. from Chinese wheat fields. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2011; 101:1481-1491. [PMID: 22070279 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-11-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Take-all disease of wheat caused by the soilborne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is one of the most important root diseases of wheat worldwide. Bacteria were isolated from winter wheat from irrigated and rainfed fields in Hebei and Jiangsu provinces in China, respectively. Samples from rhizosphere soil, roots, stems, and leaves were plated onto King's medium B agar and 553 isolates were selected. On the basis of in vitro tests, 105 isolates (19% of the total) inhibited G. graminis var. tritici and all were identified as Pseudomonas spp. by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. Based on biocontrol assays, 13 strains were selected for further analysis. All of them aggressively colonized the rhizosphere of wheat and suppressed take-all. Of the 13 strains, 3 (HC9-07, HC13-07, and JC14-07, all stem endophytes) had genes for the biosynthesis of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) but none had genes for the production of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, pyoluteorin, or pyrrolnitrin. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of 2-day-old cultures confirmed that HC9-07, HC13-07, and JC14-07 produced PCA but no other phenazines were detected. HPLC quantitative time-of-flight 2 mass-spectrometry analysis of extracts from roots of spring wheat colonized by HC9-07, HC13-07, or Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 demonstrated that all three strains produced PCA in the rhizosphere. Loss of PCA production by strain HC9-07 resulted in a loss of biocontrol activity. Analysis of DNA sequences within the key phenazine biosynthesis gene phzF and of 16S rDNA indicated that strains HC9-07, HC13-07, and JC14-07 were similar to the well-described PCA producer P. fluorescens 2-79. This is the first report of 2-79-like bacteria being isolated from Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China
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Cao Y, Jiang X, Zhang R, Xian M. Improved phloroglucinol production by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:1545-52. [PMID: 21643705 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol is a valuable chemical which has been successfully produced by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. However, the low productivity remains a bottleneck for large-scale application and cost-effective production. In the present work, we cloned the key biosynthetic gene, phlD (a type III polyketide synthase), into a bacterial expression vector to produce phloroglucinol in E. coli and developed different strategies to re-engineer the recombinant strain for robust synthesis of phloroglucinol. Overexpression of E. coli marA (multiple antibiotic resistance) gene enhanced phloroglucinol resistance and elevated phloroglucinol production to 0.27 g/g dry cell weight. Augmentation of the intracellular malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) level through coordinated expression of four acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) subunits increased phloroglucinol production to around 0.27 g/g dry cell weight. Furthermore, the coexpression of ACCase and marA caused another marked improvement in phloroglucinol production 0.45 g/g dry cell weight, that is, 3.3-fold to the original strain. Under fed-batch conditions, this finally engineered strain accumulated phloroglucinol up to 3.8 g/L in the culture 12 h after induction, corresponding to a volumetric productivity of 0.32 g/L/h. This result was the highest phloroglucinol production to date and showed promising to make the bioprocess economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Cao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
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Kidarsa TA, Goebel NC, Zabriskie TM, Loper JE. Phloroglucinol mediates cross-talk between the pyoluteorin and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthetic pathways in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Mol Microbiol 2011; 81:395-414. [PMID: 21564338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotics pyoluteorin and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) contribute to the biological control of soilborne plant diseases by some strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, including Pf-5. These secondary metabolites also have signalling functions with each compound reported to induce its own production and repress the other's production. The first step in DAPG biosynthesis is production of phloroglucinol (PG) by PhlD. In this study, we show that PG is required at nanomolar concentrations for pyoluteorin production in Pf-5. At higher concentrations, PG is responsible for the inhibition of pyoluteorin production previously attributed to DAPG. DAPG had no effect on pyoluteorin production, and monoacetylphloroglucinol showed both stimulatory and inhibitory activities but at concentrations 100-fold greater than the levels of PG required for similar effects. We also demonstrate that PG regulates pyoluteorin production in P. aeruginosa and that a phlD gene adjacent to the pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene cluster in P. aeruginosa strain LESB58 can restore pyoluteorin biosynthesis to a ΔphlD mutant of Pf-5. Bioinformatic analyses show that the dual role of PhlD in the biosynthesis of DAPG and the regulation of pyoluteorin production could have arisen within the pseudomonads during the assembly of these biosynthetic gene clusters from genes and gene subclusters of diverse origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Kidarsa
- USDA-ARS-Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
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von Felten A, Meyer JB, Défago G, Maurhofer M. Novel T-RFLP method to investigate six main groups of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing pseudomonads in environmental samples. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 84:379-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Structural and functional analysis of the type III secretion system from Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96. J Bacteriol 2010; 193:177-89. [PMID: 20971913 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00895-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 represents a group of rhizosphere strains responsible for the suppressiveness of agricultural soils to take-all disease of wheat. It produces the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and aggressively colonizes the roots of cereal crops. In this study, we analyzed the genome of Q8r1-96 and identified a type III protein secretion system (T3SS) gene cluster that has overall organization similar to that of the T3SS gene cluster of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. We also screened a collection of 30 closely related P. fluorescens strains and detected the T3SS genes in all but one of them. The Q8r1-96 genome contained ropAA and ropM type III effector genes, which are orthologs of the P. syringae effector genes hopAA1-1 and hopM1, as well as a novel type III effector gene designated ropB. These type III effector genes encoded proteins that were secreted in culture and injected into plant cells by both P. syringae and Q8r1-96 T3SSs. The Q8r1-96 T3SS was expressed in the rhizosphere, but mutants lacking a functional T3SS were not altered in their rhizosphere competence. The Q8r1-96 type III effectors RopAA, RopB, and RopM were capable of suppressing the hypersensitive response and production of reactive oxygen species, two plant immune responses.
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Wu M, Li X, Zhang H, Cai Y, Zhang C. Effects of methamidophos on the community structure, antagonism towards Rhizoctonia solani, and phlD diversity of soil Pseudomonas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2010; 45:222-228. [PMID: 20390954 DOI: 10.1080/03601231003613609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A microcosm incubation study using an aquic brown soil from northeast China (a Cambisol in the UN Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Soil Taxonomy) was conducted to examine the effects of different concentrations (0, 50, 150, and 250 mg kg(-1)) of methamidophos (O,S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioato) on Pseudomonas, one of the most important gram-negative bacteria in soil. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) was performed to study the Pseudomonas community structure, an in vitro assay was made to test the antagonistic activity of isolated Pseudomonas strains against soil-borne Rhizoctonia solani, a major member of the pathogens highly related to soil-borne plant diseases, and special primer amplification and sequencing were performed to investigate the diversity of phlD, an essential gene in the biosynthesis of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2, 4-DAPG), which has biocontrol activity in phlD(+)isolates. With exposure to increasing methamidophos concentrations, the total number of soil Pseudomonas ARDRA patterns decreased significantly, but with less change in the same treatments over 1, 3, and 5 weeks of incubation. The number of isolated Pseudomonas strains with antagonistic activity against R. solani as well as the diversity and appearance frequency of the strains' phlD gene also decreased with increasing concentrations of methamidophos, especially at high methamidophos concentrations. Applying methamidophos could increase the risk of soil-borne plant diseases by decreasing the diversity of the soil Pseudomonas community and the amount of R. solani antagonists, particularly those with the phlD gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Wu
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China
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León M, Yaryura PM, Montecchia MS, Hernández AI, Correa OS, Pucheu NL, Kerber NL, García AF. Antifungal activity of selected indigenous pseudomonas and bacillus from the soybean rhizosphere. Int J Microbiol 2009; 2009:572049. [PMID: 20016811 PMCID: PMC2789335 DOI: 10.1155/2009/572049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to isolate and select indigenous soil Pseudomonas and Bacillus bacteria capable of developing multiple mechanisms of action related to the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi affecting soybean crops. The screening procedure consisted of antagonism tests against a panel of phytopathogenic fungi, taxonomic identification, detection by PCR of several genes related to antifungal activity, in vitro detection of the antifungal products, and root colonization assays. Two isolates, identified and designated as Pseudomonas fluorescens BNM296 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BNM340, were selected for further studies. These isolates protected plants against the damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum and were able to increase the seedling emergence rate after inoculation of soybean seeds with each bacterium. Also, the shoot nitrogen content was higher in plants when seeds were inoculated with BNM296. The polyphasic approach of this work allowed us to select two indigenous bacterial strains that promoted the early development of soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. León
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P. M. Yaryura
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. S. Montecchia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. I. Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O. S. Correa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N. L. Pucheu
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N. L. Kerber
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. F. García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA-CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mazurier S, Corberand T, Lemanceau P, Raaijmakers JM. Phenazine antibiotics produced by fluorescent pseudomonads contribute to natural soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt. ISME JOURNAL 2009; 3:977-91. [PMID: 19369971 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2009.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Natural disease-suppressive soils provide an untapped resource for the discovery of novel beneficial microorganisms and traits. For most suppressive soils, however, the consortia of microorganisms and mechanisms involved in pathogen control are unknown. To date, soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt disease has been ascribed to carbon and iron competition between pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and resident non-pathogenic F. oxysporum and fluorescent pseudomonads. In this study, the role of bacterial antibiosis in Fusarium wilt suppressiveness was assessed by comparing the densities, diversity and activity of fluorescent Pseudomonas species producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) (phlD+) or phenazine (phzC+) antibiotics. The frequencies of phlD+ populations were similar in the suppressive and conducive soils but their genotypic diversity differed significantly. However, phlD genotypes from the two soils were equally effective in suppressing Fusarium wilt, either alone or in combination with non-pathogenic F. oxysporum strain Fo47. A mutant deficient in DAPG production provided a similar level of control as its parental strain, suggesting that this antibiotic does not play a major role. In contrast, phzC+ pseudomonads were only detected in the suppressive soil. Representative phzC+ isolates of five distinct genotypes did not suppress Fusarium wilt on their own, but acted synergistically in combination with strain Fo47. This increased level of disease suppression was ascribed to phenazine production as the phenazine-deficient mutant was not effective. These results suggest, for the first time, that redox-active phenazines produced by fluorescent pseudomonads contribute to the natural soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt disease and may act in synergy with carbon competition by resident non-pathogenic F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Mazurier
- INRA, Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1229 Microbiologie des Sols et de l'Environnement, Dijon cedex, France
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Svercel M, Christen D, Moënne-Loccoz Y, Duffy B, Défago G. Effect of long-term vineyard monoculture on rhizosphere populations of pseudomonads carrying the antimicrobial biosynthetic genes phlD and/or hcnAB. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 68:25-36. [PMID: 19210678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of repeated culture of perennial plants (i.e. in long-term monoculture) on the ecology of plant-beneficial bacteria is unknown. Here, the influence of extremely long-term monocultures of grapevine (up to 1603 years) on rhizosphere populations of fluorescent pseudomonads carrying the biosynthetic genes phlD for 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and/or hcnAB for hydrogen cyanide was determined. Soils from long-term and adjacent short-term monoculture vineyards (or brushland) in four regions of Switzerland were baited with grapevine or tobacco plantlets, and rhizosphere pseudomonads were studied by most probable number (MPN)-PCR. Higher numbers and percentages of phlD(+) and of hcnAB(+) rhizosphere pseudomonads were detected on using soil from long-term vineyards. On focusing on phlD, restriction fragment length polymorphism profiling of the last phlD-positive MPN wells revealed seven phlD alleles (three exclusively on tobacco, thereof two new ones). Higher numbers of phlD alleles coincided with a lower prevalence of the allele displayed by the well-studied biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens F113. The prevalence of this allele was 35% for tobacco in long-term monoculture soils vs. >60% in the other three cases. We conclude that soils from long-term grapevine monocultures represent an untapped resource for isolating novel biocontrol Pseudomonas strains when tobacco is used as bait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Svercel
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
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Evolutionary history of the phl gene cluster in the plant-associated bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2122-31. [PMID: 19181839 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02052-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens is of agricultural and economic importance as a biological control agent largely because of its plant association and production of secondary metabolites, in particular 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG). This polyketide, which is encoded by the eight-gene phl cluster, has antimicrobial effects on phytopathogens, promotes amino acid exudation from plant roots, and induces systemic resistance in plants. Despite its importance, 2,4-DAPG production is limited to a subset of P. fluorescens strains. Determination of the evolution of the phl cluster and understanding the selective pressures promoting its retention or loss in lineages of P. fluorescens will help in the development of P. fluorescens as a viable and effective inoculant for application in agriculture. In this study, genomic and sequence-based approaches were integrated to reconstruct the phylogeny of P. fluorescens and the phl cluster. It was determined that 2,4-DAPG production is an ancestral trait in the species P. fluorescens but that most lineages have lost this capacity through evolution. Furthermore, intragenomic recombination has relocated the phl cluster within the P. fluorescens genome at least three times, but the integrity of the cluster has always been maintained. The possible evolutionary and functional implications for retention of the phl cluster and 2,4-DAPG production in some lineages of P. fluorescens are discussed.
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Mavrodi DV, Loper JE, Paulsen IT, Thomashow LS. Mobile genetic elements in the genome of the beneficial rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:8. [PMID: 19144133 PMCID: PMC2647930 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 is a plant-associated bacterium that inhabits the rhizosphere of a wide variety of plant species and and produces secondary metabolites suppressive of fungal and oomycete plant pathogens. The Pf-5 genome is rich in features consistent with its commensal lifestyle, and its sequence has revealed attributes associated with the strain's ability to compete and survive in the dynamic and microbiologically complex rhizosphere habitat. In this study, we analyzed mobile genetic elements of the Pf-5 genome in an effort to identify determinants that might contribute to Pf-5's ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions and/or colonize new ecological niches. RESULTS Sequence analyses revealed that the genome of Pf-5 is devoid of transposons and IS elements and that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are represented by prophages and genomic islands that collectively span over 260 kb. The prophages include an F-pyocin-like prophage 01, a chimeric prophage 03, a lambdoid prophage 06, and decaying prophages 02, 04 and 05 with reduced size and/or complexity. The genomic islands are represented by a 115-kb integrative conjugative element (ICE) PFGI-1, which shares plasmid replication, recombination, and conjugative transfer genes with those from ICEs found in other Pseudomonas spp., and PFGI-2, which resembles a portion of pathogenicity islands in the genomes of the plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae and P. viridiflava. Almost all of the MGEs in the Pf-5 genome are associated with phage-like integrase genes and are integrated into tRNA genes. CONCLUSION Comparative analyses reveal that MGEs found in Pf-5 are subject to extensive recombination and have evolved in part via exchange of genetic material with other Pseudomonas spp. having commensal or pathogenic relationships with plants and animals. Although prophages and genomic islands from Pf-5 exhibit similarity to MGEs found in other Pseudomonas spp., they also carry a number of putative niche-specific genes that could affect the survival of P. fluorescens Pf-5 in natural habitats. Most notable are an approximately 35-kb segment of "cargo" genes in genomic island PFGI-1 and bacteriocin genes associated with prophages 1 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V Mavrodi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
| | - Joyce E Loper
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 N. W. Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Linda S Thomashow
- USDA-ARS Root Disease and Biocontrol Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, USA
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Naik PR, Raman G, Narayanan KB, Sakthivel N. Assessment of genetic and functional diversity of phosphate solubilizing fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from rhizospheric soil. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8:230. [PMID: 19099598 PMCID: PMC2625360 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for the growth of plants. However, in most soils a large portion of phosphorus becomes insoluble and therefore, unavailable to plants. Knowledge on biodiversity of phosphate-solubilizing fluorescent pseudomonads is essential to understand their ecological role and their utilization in sustainable agriculture. RESULTS Of 443 fluorescent pseudomonad strains tested, 80 strains (18%) showed positive for the solubilization of tri-calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) by the formation of visible dissolution halos on Pikovskaya's agar. These phosphate solubilizing strains showed high variability in utilizing various carbon sources. Numerical taxonomy of the phosphate solubilizing strains based on their carbon source utilization profiles resulted into three major phenons at a 0.76 similarity coefficient level. Genotypic analyses of strains by BOX (bacterial repetitive BOX element)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) resulted into three distinct genomic clusters and 26 distinct BOX profiles at a 80% similarity level. On the basis of phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses strains were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. mosselii, P. monteilii, P. plecoglossicida, P. putida, P. fulva and P. fluorescens. These phosphate solubilizing strains also showed the production of plant growth promoting enzymes, hormones and exhibited antagonism against phytopathogenic fungi that attack on various crops. Gene specific primers have identified the putative antibiotic producing strains. These putative strains were grown in fermentation media and production of antibiotics was confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CONCLUSION Present study revealed a high degree of functional and genetic diversity among the phosphate solubilizing fluorescent pseudomonad bacteria. Due to their innate potential of producing an array of plant growth promoting enzymes, hormones and antifungal metabolites these phosphate solubilizing strains are considered to play a vital role in plant growth promotion, disease suppression and subsequent enhancement of yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gurusamy Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | | | - Natarajan Sakthivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
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Fritz E, Fekete A, Lintelmann J, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Meckenstock RU. Isolation of two Pseudomonas strains producing pseudomonic acid A. Syst Appl Microbiol 2008; 32:56-64. [PMID: 19070447 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two novel Pseudomonas strains were isolated from groundwater sediment samples. The strains showed resistance against the antibiotics tetracycline, cephalothin, nisin, vancomycin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, lincomycin, and penicillin and grew at temperatures between 15 and 37 degrees C and pH values from 4 to 10 with a maximum at pH 7 to 10. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences and the substrate spectrum of the isolates revealed that the two strains belonged to the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. The supernatants of both strains had an antibiotic effect against Gram-positive bacteria and one Gram-negative strain. The effective substance was produced under standard cultivation conditions without special inducer molecules or special medium composition. The antibiotically active compound was identified as pseudomonic acid A by off-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). The measurement on ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC, UV-vis detection) confirmed the determination of pseudomonic acid A which was produced by both strains at 1.7-3.5mg/l. Our findings indicate that the ability to produce the antibiotic pseudomonic acid A (Mupirocin) is more spread among the pseudomonads then anticipated from the only producer known so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fritz
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Simultaneous phosphate solubilization potential and antifungal activity of new fluorescent pseudomonad strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. plecoglossicida and P. mosselii. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Naik PR, Sahoo N, Goswami D, Ayyadurai N, Sakthivel N. Genetic and functional diversity among fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from the rhizosphere of banana. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2008; 56:492-504. [PMID: 18347847 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-008-9368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent pseudomonads from banana rhizospheric soil were isolated and screened for the production of enzymes and hormones such as phosphatase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, protease, and antifungal metabolites. Of 95 isolates, 50 (52%) isolates solubilized tri-calcium phosphate (TCP), 63 (66%) isolates produced plant growth hormone IAA, 10 (11%) isolates exhibited ACC deaminase, and 23 (24%) isolates produced protease. Isolates were screened for antifungal activity toward phytopathogenic fungi. Gene-specific primers have identified the putative antibiotic producing isolates. These putative isolates were grown in the production media and production of antibiotics was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Genotypic analysis by BOX (bacterial repetitive BOX element)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) resulted into three distinct genomic clusters at a 50% similarity level and 62 distinct BOX profiles. Based on the sequence similarity of 16S rRNA and construction of subsequent phylogenetic tree analysis, isolates were designated as Pseudomonas monteilii, P. plecoglossicida, P. fluorescens, P. fulva, P. mosselii, P. aeruginosa, P. alcaligenes, and P. pseudoalcaligenes. Present study revealed the genetic and functional diversity among isolates of fluorescent pseudomonads associated with rhizospheric soil of banana and also identified P. monteilii as dominant species. The knowledge on genetic and functional diversity of fluorescent pseudomonads associated with banana rhizosphere is useful to understand their ecological role and for their utilization in sustainable agriculture.
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Upadhyay A, Srivastava S. Characterization of a new isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Psd as a potential biocontrol agent. Lett Appl Microbiol 2008; 47:98-105. [PMID: 18565138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Evaluation of a new isolate of Pseudomonas fluorescens for its biocontrol properties. METHODS AND RESULTS Strain Psd identified as Ps. fluorescens, produces secondary metabolites that are toxic to some plant-pathogenic fungi. Inhibition of fungal growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae in the presence of bacterial culture filtrate provided the first clue to its biocontrol properties. In order to determine the basis for antifungal properties, antibiotics were extracted and analysed by TLC. Both pyrrolnitrin and phenazines could be detected in the culture of Psd. Presence of response regulator gene gacA of the two component regulatory system (GacS/GacA) was established by PCR amplification and sequencing. Sequence comparison of gacA justified the taxonomic position of this strain among the known members of Pseudomonadaceae. Synthesis of other compounds like toxic lipodepsipeptide, siderophores, and HCN was also confirmed by appropriate biochemical tests. CONCLUSION Characterization of strain Psd by various biochemical/plate tests followed by chromatographic identification of antibiotics, demonstrates its multifunctional biocontrol property. Response regulator gene gacA provides an additional genetic marker for the phylogenetic studies. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Ps. fluorescens strain Psd with its multifunctional biocontrol property can be used to bioprotect the crop plants from phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Upadhyay
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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