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Yang D, Yuan L, Chen G, Chen S, Ma X, Xing Y, Song J. Expression and role of melatonin membrane receptors in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis of Tibetan sheep in a plateau pastoral area. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290775. [PMID: 37878614 PMCID: PMC10599587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MTNR1A and MTNR1B, two high-affinity MT membrane receptors found in mammals, mediate the activity of MT on the HPGA to regulate animal reproduction. Nevertheless, the expression patterns and function of the MTNR1A and MTNR1B genes in the HPTA of seasonal estrus sheep and perennial estrus sheep have not been elucidated. We studied the expression of MTNR1A and MTNR1B in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (HPTA) of Tibetan sheep at different reproductive stages using histochemistry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELSIA), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blot (WB), and analyzed the relationship between their expression and reproductive hormone receptors. We also compared relevant characteristics between seasonal Tibetan sheep and non-seasonal Small Tail Han sheep in the same pastoral area. The results showed that MTNR1A and MTNR1B were expressed in all tissues of the Tibetan sheep HPTA, and both were co-expressed in the cytoplasm of epididymis basal and halo cells located at common sites of the epididymis basement membrane, forming an immune barrier. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that not only MTNR1A but also N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), hydroxyindole-oxygen- methyltransferase (HIOMT), androgen receptor (AR), and estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in the testis and epididymis of Tibetan sheep during the breeding season, whereas no clear upregulation of these genes was observed in the tissues of Small Tail Han sheep. MTNR1A and MTNR1B are important regulators of the HPTA in sheep. MTNR1A mediates seasonal estrus regulation in Tibetan sheep. Both MTNR1A and MTNR1B may play important roles in formation of the blood-epididymal barrier. The results of this study should help advance research on the mechanism of reproductive regulation of the HPTA in male animals and provide reference data for improving the reproductive rate of seasonal breeding animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ligang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guojuan Chen
- Huangzhong District Animal Disease Control Center of Xining City, Xining City, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Shaoyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yindi Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Lu Z, Wu J, Wu J, Zhang T, Liu J, Mu Q, Terigele, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Su R, Liu Z, Wang Z, Wang R, Qi L, Zhao Y. Melatonin regulates the periodic growth of secondary hair follicles through the nuclear receptor RORα. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1203302. [PMID: 37520005 PMCID: PMC10374452 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1203302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cashmere is the fine bottom hair produced by the secondary hair follicles of the skin. This hair is economically important. Previous studies by our research group have shown that exogenous melatonin (MT) can regulate the periodic growth of secondary hair follicles, induce the secondary development of villi, and alter the expression of some genes related to hair follicle development. Few studies on the regulation of villus growth by MT binding receptors have been published. In this study, MT was implanted subcutaneously behind the ear of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and RNAi techniques were used to investigate the receptors and functions of MT in regulating the development of secondary hair follicles in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. The results showed that MT binds to the nuclear receptor RORα on dermal papilla stimulates hair follicle development and promotes villus growth. The RORα mRNA expression in the skin of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats was periodic and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The expression began to increase in February, peaked in April, and reached the lowest level in May. RORα significantly affected the mRNA expression of β-catenin gene, a key gene in hair follicle development, in the presence of MT. It will lay a solid molecular foundation for further research on the regulation mechanism between MT receptor and villus growth and development and to achieve artificial regulation of villus growth time and yield to improve the effect of villus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Shangdu County Vocational and Technical School, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tiejia Zhang
- Zhangbei Liang Mianjing People's Government, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qing Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Terigele
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zixian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ruijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lv Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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He X, Wang W, Sun W, Chu M. Photoperiod Induces DNA Methylation Changes in the Melatonin Receptor 1A Gene in Ewes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1917. [PMID: 37370427 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that MTNR1A plays an essential role in the estrus cycle and seasonal reproduction changes in sheep. However, few people have focused on the DNA methylation of MTNR1A by season or photoperiod. In this study, using qPCR and Western blotting, we measured the MTNR1A expression in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized and estradiol-treated (OVX + E2) sheep under different photoperiod treatment conditions. Subsequently, the core promoter of the MTNR1A gene was identified, and its methylation level in sheep exposed to different photoperiod treatments was measured by pyrosequencing. The results showed that MTNR1A gene expression significantly differed between the short 42-day photoperiod (SP42) and the LP42 or combined SP-LP42 treatment groups (p < 0.05). In addition, we determined that the core MTNR1A promoter region was within 540 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site (TSS) and that the DNA methylation levels at CpG sites in the SP42 vs. LP42 and SP42 vs. SP-LP42 groups significantly differed. Finally, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.001) between gene expression and DNA methylation levels was revealed, suggesting that photoperiod may induce DNA methylation of the MTNR1A gene and thus change its expression. The findings provide valuable bases for the further study of seasonal reproduction in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Tiwari J, Sur S, Naseem A, Rani S, Malik S. Photoperiodic modulation of melatonin receptor and immune genes in migratory redheaded bunting. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 279:111381. [PMID: 36724811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of innate immune function across annual life history states (LHS) remains obscure in avian migrants. We, therefore, investigated this in a migratory passerine songbird, redheaded bunting (Emberiza bruniceps), which exhibits long-distance vernal migration from India to Central Asia. We exposed the birds (N = 10) to differential photoperiodic conditions to induce a non-migratory (NM), pre-migratory (PM), migratory (MIG), and refractory (REF) state, and performed gene expression assays of melatonin receptors (MEL1A and MEL1B), and innate immunity-linked genes (IL1B, IL6, TLR4, and NFKB) in spleen and blood. We found a significant reduction in splenic mass and volume, and a parallel increase in fat accumulation, and testicular growth in birds under migratory state. The gene expression assay revealed an upregulation of MEL1A and MEL1B mRNA levels in both the tissues in MIG. Additionally, we found a nocturnal increase of splenic IL1B expression, and IL1B, IL6, and TLR4 expression in the blood. The mRNA expression of melatonin receptors and proinflammatory cytokine showed a positive correlation. These results suggest that melatonin relays the photoperiodic signal to peripheral immune organs, which shows LHS-dependent changes in mRNA expression of immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India. https://twitter.com/JyotiTiwari2711
| | - Sayantan Sur
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India. https://twitter.com/sayantansur008
| | - Asma Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Sangeeta Rani
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Shalie Malik
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India.
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Kasap EY, Parfenova ОK, Kurkin RV, Grishin DV. Bioinformatic analysis of the coding region of the melatonin receptor 1b gene as a reliable DNA marker to resolve interspecific mammal phylogenetic relationships. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:5430-5447. [PMID: 36896552 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research looks into the main DNA markers and the limits of their application in molecular phylogenetic analysis. Melatonin 1B (MTNR1B) receptor genes were analyzed from various biological sources. Based on the coding sequences of this gene, using the class Mammalia as example, phylogenetic reconstructions were made to study the potential of mtnr1b as a DNA marker for phylogenetic relationships investigating. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using NJ, ME and ML methods that establish the evolutionary relationships between different groups of mammals. The resulting topologies were generally in good agreement with topologies established on the basis of morphological and archaeological data as well as with other molecular markers. The present divergences provided a unique opportunity for evolutionary analysis. These results suggest that the coding sequence of the MTNR1B gene can be used as a marker to study the relationships of lower evolutionary levels (order, species) as well as to resolve deeper branches of the phylogenetic tree at the infraclass level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Y Kasap
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya St, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Оlga K Parfenova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya St, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Roman V Kurkin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya St, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Grishin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya St, Moscow, 119121, Russia
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Rawash RAA, Sharaby MA, Hassan GEDA, Elkomy AE, Hafez EE, Hafsa SHA, Salem MMI. Expression profiling of HSP 70 and interleukins 2, 6 and 12 genes of Barki sheep during summer and winter seasons in two different locations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2047-2053. [PMID: 35882644 PMCID: PMC9534818 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to contrast the expression values of heat shock protein (HSP70) and interleukins 2, 6 and 12 (IL 2, IL 6 and IL 12) genes in summer and winter in two different locations in Egypt (Alexandria zone and Matrouh zone) to deduce changes in thermo-physiological traits and biochemical blood metabolites of Barki sheep. A total of 50 ewes (20 in Alexandria and 30 in Matrouh) were individually blood sampled to determine plasma total protein (TP), Albumin, Globulin and Glucose constituents and T3, T4 and cortisol hormones. The thermo-physiological parameters of rectal temperature (RT, °C), skin temperature (ST, °C), Wool temperature (WT, °C), respiration rate (RR, breaths/min) and pulse rate (PR, beats/min) were measured for each ewe. Expressions of IL 2, IL 6, IL 12 and HSP 70 in summer and winter were analyzed along with thermo-physiological parameters and blood biochemical metabolites. In both locations, THI had significant effects on ST, WT, PR and RR, but not significant on RT. However, it had no significant effects on blood plasma metabolites and hormonal concentrations in the two locations in summer and winter. In Alexandria location, THI had negative significant effect on the expressions of IL-2 and IL-6 but positively affected on HSP70 genes in winter, while the expression of IL-12 gene was not affected by seasons, whereas in Matrouh zone, the effects of THI on the expressions of all tolerance genes were not significant. The results of the current study suggest that IL-2, IL-6 and HSP70 genes could be used as molecular markers for heat/cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed A Abu Rawash
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
- Department of Livestock Research, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Sharaby
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Hassan
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Elkomy
- Department of Livestock Research, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
- Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Salma H Abu Hafsa
- Department of Livestock Research, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M I Salem
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt.
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7
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Expression and distribution of MTNR1A in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis of Tibetan sheep during the estrous cycle. Gene 2022; 839:146731. [PMID: 35835405 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The melatonin 1A receptor (MTNR1A) is a membrane receptor distributed across the mammalian gonadal axis-associated membrane. Melatonin (MT) can specifically bind with MTNR1A on the cell membrane and regulates mammalian reproductive activities. However, the role of MTNR1A in regulating the reproductive physiological activities of sheep in the Tibetan Plateau remains unclear. In this study, the MT content in Tibetan sheep blood during the estrous cycle was detected by ELISA. The distribution of MTNR1A in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect dynamic changes of MTNR1A mRNA and protein expression, and the protein distributions in the HPGA. The results showed that the average secretion level of MT in Tibetan sheep blood was highest occurred during diestrus and the lowest during proestrus. Additionally, the secretion of MT at night was significantly higher than during the day. The immunopositive products of MTNR1A were primarily distributed around the glial cells in the dorsal hypothalamic nucleus region, chromophobe cells, and eosinophilic cytoplasm in the pituitary gland, follicular granular layer, follicular adventitia, tubal mucosa, cilia, endometrium, interstices, and glands in the uterus. The expression trends of MTNR1A mRNA and proteins in the HPGA during the estrous cycle were the same. The relative expression levels of MTNR1A mRNA and proteins in the hypothalamus and ovaries were the highest during proestrus and the lowest during metestrus; the highest during diestrus in the pituitary and oviducts; the highest during metestrus in the uterus. Collectively, the differences in the secretion of MT in Tibetan sheep blood and the expression of MTNR1A in HPGA suggest that they may be affected by steroid hormone secretion during the estrous cycle of Tibetan sheep, which has a potential impact on the regulation of animal estrous cycle.
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Pulinas L, Starič J, Cosso G, Curone G, Mura MC, Carcangiu V, Luridiana S. MTNR1A gene polymorphisms and reproductive recovery after seasonal anoestrus in different Mediterranean sheep breeds. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 236:106905. [PMID: 34922186 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were 1) to investigate the effect of MTNR1A gene polymorphisms on reproductive performance in ewes of one Italian and two Slovenian dairy sheep breeds (Sarda, Istrian Premenka and Boska, respectively) which were located at different latitudes, and 2) to highlight if the different season of the male placement with females that was utilized in the different breeding systems in Sardinia (Italy) and Slovenia resulted in different effects of these polymorphisms on reproductive functions. Reproductively mature ewes (n = 100) from each breed were utilized to conduct the study. To evaluate the reproductive efficiency, lambing dates and number of lambs born were recorded per ewe; additionally, the duration in days from ram placement with ewes to lambing (DRPEL), litter size and the fertility rate were determined based on lambing dates. In each breed, there were eight nucleotide variations within the MTNR1A gene exon II, two of which (g.17355358 and g.17355171), respectively, resulted in a valine to isoleucine, and alanine to aspartic acid substitution, in amino acid sequence. The SNPs at position g.17355452 and g.17355458 were determined to have effects on reproductive performance. Genotypes C/C and C/T at g.17355452 in Bovska and Sarda and genotype A/A at g.17355458 in Istrian Pramenka were associated with a greater fertility and a lesser duration in days from ram placement with ewes to lambing. These findings confirmed that the nucleotide sequences of the MTNR1A gene could affect reproductive functions of Mediterranean sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pulinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - J Starič
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Cosso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - G Curone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - M C Mura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - V Carcangiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - S Luridiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Shabajee-Alibay P, Bonnaud A, Malpaux B, Delagrange P, Audinot V, Yous S, Boutin JA, Stephan JP, Leprince J, Legros C. A putative new melatonin binding site in sheep brain, MTx: preliminary observations and characteristics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 380:JPET-AR-2021-000785. [PMID: 34706966 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors are high affinity G protein-coupled receptors and are thought to be involved in the integration of the melatonin signaling throughout the brain and periphery. In the present study, we describe a new melatonin binding site, named MTx, with a peculiar pharmacological profile. This site had a low affinity for 2-[125I]-melatonin in saturation assays in hypothalamus and retina (pKD = 9.13 {plus minus} 0.05, Bmax = 1.12 {plus minus} 0.11 fmol/mg protein and pKD = 8.81 {plus minus} 0.50, Bmax = 7.65 {plus minus} 2.64 fmol/mg protein, respectively) and a very high affinity, in competition assays, for melatonin (pKi = 13.08 {plus minus} 0.18), and other endogenous compounds. Using autoradiography, we showed a preferential localization of the MTx in periventricular areas of the sheep brain, with a density 3 to 8 times higher than those observed for ovine MT1 In addition, using a set of well-characterized ligands, we showed that this site did not correspond to any of the following receptors: MT1, MT2, MT3 , D1, D2, noradrenergic, nor 5-HT2 Based on its affinity for melatonin, MTx did not seem to be implicated in the integration of cerebral melatonin concentration variations since they were saturating for MTx. Nevertheless, it remained of prime importance because of its periventricular distribution, in close contact with the CSF, and its peculiar pharmacological profile responding to both melatoninergic and serotoninergic compounds. Significance Statement Herein a putative new melatonin binding site is described in sheep brain parts in close contact with the 3rd ventricle. The characteristics of the pharmacological profile of this site is different from anything previously reported in the literature. The present work forms the basis of future full pharmacological characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Shabajee-Alibay
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM 1239, France
| | | | - Benoit Malpaux
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA Val de Loire, France
| | | | | | - Said Yous
- UMR-S 1172-LiNC-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, France
| | | | - Jérôme Leprince
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM 1239, France
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Lépinay J, Taragnat C, Dubois JP, Chesneau D, Jockers R, Delagrange P, Bozon V. Negative regulation of melatonin secretion by melatonin receptors in ovine pinealocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255249. [PMID: 34324562 PMCID: PMC8320996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a biological modulator of circadian and seasonal rhythms and reproduction. The photoperiodic information is detected by retinal photoreceptors and transmitted through nerve transmissions to the pineal gland, where MLT is synthesized and secreted at night into the blood. MLT interacts with two G protein-coupled receptors, MT1 and MT2. The aim of our work was to provide evidence for the presence of MLT receptors in the ovine pineal gland and define their involvement on melatonin secretion. For the first time, we identified the expression of MLT receptors with the specific 2-[125I]-MLT agonistic radioligand in ovin pinealocytes. The values of Kd and Bmax are 2.24 ± 1.1 nM and 20 ± 6.8 fmol/mg. MLT receptors are functional and inhibit cAMP production and activate ERK1/2 through pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o proteins. The MLT receptor antagonist/ inverse agonist luzindole increased cAMP production (189 ± 30%) and MLT secretion (866 ± 13%). The effect of luzindole on MLT secretion was additive with the effect of well-described activators of this pathway such as the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine. Co-incubation of all three compounds increased MLT secretion by 1236 ± 199%. These results suggest that MLT receptors are involved in the negative regulation of the synthesis of its own ligand in pinealocytes. While adrenergic receptors promote MLT secretion, MLT receptors mitigate this effect to limit the quantity of MLT secreted by the pineal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lépinay
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Catherine Taragnat
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Dubois
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Chesneau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Véronique Bozon
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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Pool KR, Rickard JP, de Graaf SP. Overcoming neuroendocrine and metabolic barriers to puberty: the role of melatonin in advancing puberty in ewe lambs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106457. [PMID: 32361422 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pubertal onset in the ewe is subject to a multitude of physiological and environmental constraints. As seasonal breeders, sheep rely on decreasing photoperiod to enter puberty and the subsequent breeding periods, hindering production. The initiation of puberty defines the reproductive yield of the ewe, and as such is a critical factor influencing production outcomes. Currently, the misconception that ovine puberty is reliant on age results in ewes being bred at over a year old, leading to a substantial unproductive period between birth and first conception. As such, transcending pubertal barriers to allow for earlier initiation of reproductive competency has significant commercial merit. The primary candidate to achieve this is the neurohormone melatonin, a key factor that naturally signals photoperiodic change that facilitates seasonal remodeling of the ovine hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis. Despite being known to modulate reproductive seasonality in both the mature ewe and ram, the ability of melatonin to advance ewe puberty remains underutilized in industry. To optimize melatonin application and shape perceptions of breeding ewe lambs, a greater understanding of pubertal impediments and the natural role of melatonin is warranted. This review examines the physiological role and applications of melatonin to advance ewe puberty, and how this may act in conjunction with other physiological and metabolic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Pool
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - J P Rickard
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S P de Graaf
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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12
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Starič J, Farci F, Luridiana S, Mura MC, Pulinas L, Cosso G, Carcangiu V. Reproductive performance in three Slovenian sheep breeds with different alleles for the MTNR1A gene. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 216:106352. [PMID: 32414462 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to describe the polymorphisms of the MTNR1A gene in three Slovenian sheep breeds, and determine whether these polymorphisms affect reproductive performance. A total of 100 Bovška, 110 Istrian Pramenka, and 108 Jezersko-Solčavska ewes, were used. The rams were placed with the ewes on 10 October (Bovška), and 20 September (Istrian Pramenka). At each farm, the lambing date and number of newborn lambs were recorded to evaluate the fertility rate, number of days from ram placement with ewes to lambing (DRIL), and litter size. The Jezersko-Solčavska rams were maintained with the ewes of the flock throughout the year and data related to lambing during the entire year were recorded. The DNA sequences indicated there were eight nucleotide variations and that in the position g.17355358 was always associated with that in the position g.17355452. For the Bovška breed, there was an association between the G/G genotype in the position g.17355452, and relatively greater fertility (P < 0.05) and a shorter DIRL (P < 0.05). For the Istrian Pramenka breed, the T/T genotype in the position g.17355458 was positively associated with a greater fertility (P < 0.05) and shorter DRIL (P < 0.05). For the Jezersko-Solčavska breed, ewes with the G/G genotype in the position g.17355452 lambed more when there was a decreasing photoperiod whereas the ewes with the A/A genotype lambed more (P < 0.05) during the period when there were increasing photoperiods. The different polymorphisms studied were associated with reproductive performance in the three Slovenian breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Starič
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals - Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - F Farci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - S Luridiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - M C Mura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - L Pulinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Cosso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - V Carcangiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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He X, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Chu M. Polymorphisms of the melatonin receptor 1A gene that affects the reproductive seasonality and litter size in Small Tail Han sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1400-1410. [PMID: 31355975 PMCID: PMC6852127 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous researches have shown that MTNR1A plays an essential role in sheep reproduction. However, most researches focused more on the reproductive seasonality of sheep, and few scientists had studied the association of polymorphisms of the MTNR1A gene with ovine litter size and reproductive seasonality. Therefore, we chose MTNR1A gene to detect its novel sequence polymorphisms and population genetics and analyse their association with seasonal reproduction and litter size in ewes. The mRNA expression level in hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary was also detected. In this study, five polymorphisms (g.15118664G > T, g.15118683C > T, g.15118756C > T, g.15118774C > T and g.15118951G > A) were identified in exon 2. Most importantly, the g.15118683C > T and g.15118951G > A were significant difference between year‐round oestrous sheep and seasonal oestrous sheep (p < .01), and g.15118756C > T had a great effect on litter size of Small Tail Han sheep (p < .05). In addition, the mRNA expression level of MTNR1A in the hypothalamus of polytocous Small Tail Han sheep was significantly higher than that in monotocous Small Tail Han sheep (p < .01) and the expression of MTNR1A in the hypothalamus of year‐round oestrous sheep was significantly higher than that in seasonal oestrous sheep (p < .01). Polymorphisms in exon 2 may regulate the reproductive seasonality and litter size of ewes by influencing gene expression to regulate the reproductive seasonality and litter size of ewes. Our studies provided useful guidance in marker‐assisted selection of the litter size in Small Tail Han sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangbiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mura MC, Luridiana S, Pulinas L, Bizzarri D, Cosso G, Carcangiu V. Melatonin treatment and male replacement every week on the reproductive performance in Sarda sheep breed. Theriogenology 2019; 135:80-84. [PMID: 31203091 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to highlight whether the combination of melatonin treatment and weekly male replacement could influence reproductive performances in Sarda sheep breed. In a preselected farm, on 5th March 2016, 400 lactating ewes were identified, aged 3-5 years, with body condition score (BCS) 2.5-4.0, who lambed between 20th October and 1st December 2015. The 400 chosen animals were subsequently divided into 4 groups with 100 animals in each group (M, MR, C and CR). On 20th March 2016 the animals of Group M and MR (consisting of 100 ewes each) were treated with melatonin implants and on 24th April 2016 five entire rams were introduced into each group. In groups MR and CR, males were replaced each week with other males whereas in groups M and C the introduced males were not replaced. The MR group showed the highest fertility (number of lambed ewes) compared to the other three groups (P < 0.01). Both the melatonin treated groups (M and MR) exhibited an increase in fertility greater than the controls groups C and CR (P < 0.01). However, when the two groups treated with melatonin were compared, the MR group showed a higher fertility than the M group (P < 0.01). The same can be said for the two control groups, of which the CR group showed a greater increase in fertility than the C group (P < 0.01). The mean interval of days from male introduction to lambing was lower in the treated than in the control groups (P < 0.05). The MR group presented the lowest mean interval of days from male introduction to lambing amongst all of the groups (P < 0.05). A similar trend was recorded for group CR when compared to group C (P < 0.05). In the MR and M groups the lambing peak was recorded close to 170 days after the males introduction, whereas the CR group and the C group were reported to be around 180 days and 190 days, respectively. At the 170th day from the male introduction the number of ewes lambed in the MR group was greater than that of the M group (P < 0.05) (60 vs. 42), and more than double of that of the C and CR groups (P < 0.01). In conclusion, weekly male replacement improved the reproductive activity and strengthened the effect of the pineal hormone on reproductive efficiency. Therefore male replacement either in untreated animals or in association with the melatonin implants, can be straightforwardly applied to guarantee a more efficient reproduction in sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Mura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - S Luridiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - L Pulinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - D Bizzarri
- Ceva Sanità Animale, Via Colleoni, Agrate Brianza, Milano, Italy
| | - G Cosso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - V Carcangiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sassari University, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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15
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Reproductive response to male joining with ewes with different allelic variants of the MTNR1A gene. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 200:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Mayo JC, Sainz RM, González-Menéndez P, Hevia D, Cernuda-Cernuda R. Melatonin transport into mitochondria. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3927-3940. [PMID: 28828619 PMCID: PMC11107582 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-known, nighttime-produced indole found in bacteria, eukaryotic unicellulars, animals or vascular plants. In vertebrates, melatonin is the major product of the pineal gland, which accounts for its increase in serum during the dark phase, but it is also produced by many other organs and cell types. Such a wide distribution is consistent with its multiple and well-described functions which include from the circadian regulation and adaptation to seasonal variations to immunomodulatory and oncostatic actions in different types of tumors. The discovery of its antioxidant properties in the early 1990s opened a new field of potential protective functions in multiple tissues. A special mention should be made regarding the nervous system, where the indole is considered a major neuroprotector. Furthermore, mitochondria appear as one of the most important targets for the indole's protective actions. Melatonin's mechanisms of action vary from the direct molecular interaction with free radicals (free radical scavenger) to the binding to membrane (MLT1A and MLT1B) or nuclear receptors (RZR/RORα). Receptor binding has been associated with some, but not all of the indole functions reported to date. Recently, two new mechanisms of cellular uptake involving the facilitative glucose transporters GLUT/SLC2A and the proton-driven oligopeptide transporter PEPT1/2 have been reported. Here we discuss the potential importance that these newly discovered transport systems could have in determining the actions of melatonin, particularly in the mitochondria. We also argue the relative importance of passive diffusion vs active transport in different parts of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Menéndez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Cernuda-Cernuda
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería, 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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17
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Nagayach R, Gupta U, Prakash A. Expression profiling of hsp70 gene during different seasons in goats (Capra hircus) under sub-tropical humid climatic conditions. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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18
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Luridiana S, Mura M, Daga C, Diaz M, Bini P, Cosso G, Carcangiu V. The relationship between melatonin receptor 1A gene (MTNR1A) polymorphism and reproductive performance in Sarda breed sheep. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Polymorphisms in the MTRN1A gene and their effects on the productive and reproductive traits in buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2013; 46:337-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Casey TM, Plaut K. Lactation Biology Symposium: circadian clocks as mediators of the homeorhetic response to lactation. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:744-54. [PMID: 22345106 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from pregnancy to lactation is the most stressful period in the life of a cow. During this transition, homeorhetic adaptations are coordinated across almost every organ and are marked by changes in hormones and metabolism to accommodate the increased energetic demands of lactation. Recent data from our laboratory showed that changes in circadian clocks occur in multiple tissues during the transition period in rats and indicate that the circadian system coordinates changes in the physiology of the dam needed to support lactation. Circadian rhythms coordinate the timing of physiological processes and synchronize these processes with the environment of the animal. Circadian rhythms are generated by molecular circadian clocks located in the hypothalamus (the master clock) and peripherally in every organ of the body. The master clock receives environmental and physiological cues and, in turn, synchronizes internal physiology by coordinating endocrine rhythms and metabolism through peripheral clocks. The effect of the circadian clock on lactation may be inferred by the photoperiod effect on milk production, which is accompanied by coordinated changes in the endocrine system and metabolic capacity of the dam to respond to changes in day length. We have shown that bovine mammary epithelial cells possess a functional clock that can be synchronized by external stimuli, and the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like gene, a positive limb of the core clock, is responsive to prolactin in bovine mammary explants. Others showed that 7% of genes expressed in breasts of lactating women had circadian patterns of expression, and we report that the diurnal variation of composition of bovine milk is associated with changes in expression of mammary core clock genes. Together these studies indicate that the circadian system coordinates the metabolic and hormonal changes needed to initiate and sustain lactation, and we believe that the capacity of the dam to produce milk and cope with metabolic stresses in early lactation is related to her ability to set circadian rhythms during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Casey
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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21
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Batailler M, Mullier A, Sidibe A, Delagrange P, Prévot V, Jockers R, Migaud M. Neuroanatomical distribution of the orphan GPR50 receptor in adult sheep and rodent brains. J Neuroendocrinol 2012; 24:798-808. [PMID: 22512326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
GPR50, formerly known as melatonin-related receptor, is one of three subtypes of the melatonin receptor subfamily, together with the MT(1) and MT(2) receptors. By contrast to these two high-affinity receptor subtypes and despite its high identity with the melatonin receptor family, GPR50 does not bind melatonin or any other known ligand. Specific and reliable immunological tools are therefore needed to be able to elucidate the physiological functions of this orphan receptor that are still largely unknown. We have generated and validated a new specific GPR50 antibody against the ovine GPR50 and used it to analyse the neuroanatomical distribution of the GPR50 in sheep, rat and mouse whole brain. We demonstrated that GPR50-positive cells are widely distributed in various regions, including the hypothalamus and the pars tuberalis of the pituitary, in all the three species studied. GPR50 expressing cells are abundant in the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, the periventricular nucleus and the median eminence. In rodents, immunohistochemical studies revealed a broader distribution pattern for the GPR50 protein. GPR50 immunoreactivity is found in the medial preoptic area (MPA), the lateral septum, the lateral hypothalamic area, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the vascular organ of the laminae terminalis and several regions of the amygdala, including the medial nuclei of amygdala. Additionally, in the rat brain, GPR50 protein was localised in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of the dorsal hippocampus. In mice, moderate to high numbers of GPR50-positive cells were also found in the subfornical organ. Taken together, these results provide an enlarged distribution of GPR50 protein, give further insight into the organisation of the melatoninergic system, and may lay the framework for future studies on the role of the GPR50 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Batailler
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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22
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Dardente H. Melatonin-dependent timing of seasonal reproduction by the pars tuberalis: pivotal roles for long daylengths and thyroid hormones. J Neuroendocrinol 2012; 24:249-66. [PMID: 22070540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most mammals living at temperate latitudes exhibit marked seasonal variations in reproduction. In long-lived species, it is assumed that timely physiological alternations between a breeding season and a period of sexual rest depend upon the ability of day length (photoperiod) to synchronise an endogenous timing mechanism called the circannual clock. The sheep has been extensively used to characterise the time-measurement mechanisms of seasonal reproduction. Melatonin, secreted only during the night, acts as the endocrine transducer of the photoperiodic message. The present review is concerned with the endocrine mechanisms of seasonal reproduction in sheep and the evidence that long day length and thyroid hormones are mandatory to their proper timing. Recent evidence for a circadian-based molecular mechanism within the pars tuberalis of the pituitary, which ties the short duration melatonin signal reflecting long day length to the hypothalamic increase of triiodothyronine (T3) through a thyroid-stimulating hormone/deiodinase2 paracrine mechanism is presented and evaluated in this context. A parallel is also drawn with the golden hamster, a long-day breeder, aiming to demonstrate that features of seasonality appear to be phylogenetically conserved. Finally, potential mechanisms of T3 action within the hypothalamus/median eminence in relationship to seasonal timing are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR85, CNRS UMR6175, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, Haras Nationaux France.
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Li Q, Rao A, Pereira A, Clarke IJ, Smith JT. Kisspeptin cells in the ovine arcuate nucleus express prolactin receptor but not melatonin receptor. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:871-82. [PMID: 21793946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is secreted at night by the pineal gland and governs the reproductive system in seasonal breeders, such as sheep. The mechanism by which melatonin regulates reproduction is not known. The circannual rhythmicity of other factors, including prolactin, is also regulated by photoperiod via changes in melatonin secretion. In sheep, plasma prolactin levels are higher in the nonbreeding season than the breeding season. Kisspeptin, synthesised by neurones in the ovine arcuate nucleus (ARC) and preoptic area, is a key regulator of reproduction through stimulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion and its expression in the ARC is reduced during the nonbreeding season. We hypothesised that kisspeptin expression is directly, or indirectly, regulated by melatonin and/or prolactin. We first examined the expression of melatonin receptor (MTNR1A) in kisspeptin (Kiss1 mRNA) neurones in the ARC of ovariectomised (OVX) sheep using double-label in situ hybridisation. MTNR1A mRNA was not expressed by kisspeptin neurones, whereas strong expression was detected in the pars tuberalis. We then examined the expression of the long-form prolactin receptor (PRLR-L) in ARC kisspeptin neurones. In OVX ewes, approximately 60% of kisspeptin neurones expressed PRLR-L mRNA at similar levels in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. We then aimed to determine whether prolactin treatment during the breeding season regulates kisspeptin expression in the ARC. Continuous central infusion of prolactin (20 μg/h for 7 days) in oestradiol-treated OVX sheep did not alter Kiss1 mRNA expression or luteinising hormone secretion, although it induced substantial phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5-immunoreactive nuclei staining in the mediobasal hypothalamus. We conclude that the seasonal change in kisspeptin neurones cannot be regulated directly by melatonin, although it may be a result of changes in prolactin levels. Despite this, kisspeptin expression was unchanged after exogenous prolactin treatment in breeding season ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Research progress in molecular mechanism of animal seasonal reproduction. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2011; 33:695-706. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Carcangiu V, Mura M, Pazzola M, Vacca G, Paludo M, Marchi B, Daga C, Bua S, Luridiana S. Characterization of the Mediterranean Italian buffaloes melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene and its association with reproductive seasonality. Theriogenology 2011; 76:419-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Association of Polymorphism in the Promoter of the Melatonin Receptor 1A Gene with Schizophrenia and with Insomnia Symptoms in Schizophrenia Patients. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 45:304-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Migaud M, Batailler M, Segura S, Duittoz A, Franceschini I, Pillon D. Emerging new sites for adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain: a comparative study between the hypothalamus and the classical neurogenic zones. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 32:2042-52. [PMID: 21143659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammalian brain, two main germinative regions located in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and in the subgranular cell layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus have been considerably documented and are still under intense scrutiny. However, new neuron formation has recently been reported in various other brain areas including the hypothalamus. This central structure, responsible for the control of many major neuroendocrine functions such as reproduction, expresses high levels of PSA-NCAM and nestin, both proteins being involved in structural and morphological plasticity mechanisms. Cell proliferation and new neuron production have been demonstrated in the adult hypothalamus of numerous species, although not hitherto described in non-human primates and humans. Similarly to the subventricular zone and in the subgranular cell layer, the adult hypothalamic neurogenesis process is subject to dynamic regulation by various physiological and pharmacological signals. Several pieces of evidence support the hypothesis that a stem cell niche-like architecture exist in the hypothalamus region lining the third ventricle thereby enabling adult neural stem cells to continuously generate neurons in vivo throughout life. Furthermore, recent data indicating that new hypothalamic neurons may become functionally implicated in sensory information processing endorse the assumption that the hypothalamus might be a neurogenic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Migaud
- INRA, UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Mura MC, Luridiana S, Vacca GM, Bini PP, Carcangiu V. Effect of genotype at the MTNR1A locus and melatonin treatment on first conception in Sarda ewe lambs. Theriogenology 2010; 74:1579-86. [PMID: 20708235 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A sample of 423 Sarda ewe lambs from three different farms was used to evaluate the effect of one or two melatonin implants on the time of first conception. On each farm, 141 animals were divided into three groups. On June 30 these animals received either no treatment (Group C), 18 mg melatonin (Group M1, one implant), or 18 + 18 mg melatonin (Group M2, two implants). Thirty-five days after treatment, rams were introduced in the ewe lambs flock and subsequently removed after 40 days. Lambing dates were recorded between 150 and 190 days from the first day of male introduction. Genotyping and sequencing of the MT1 exon 2 were carried out to analyze the structure and the possible influence of the MT1 receptor gene on reproductive response to melatonin treatment. Melatonin-treated animals had a higher rate of pregnancy (P < 0.05) and lambed earlier (P < 0.05) compared with untreated animals. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in exon II of MT1 gene at positions C606T and G612A leading to genotypes C/C, C/T or T/T and +/+, +/- and -/-, respectively. Melatonin-treated animals of +/+ genotype showed a higher number of pregnancies (P < 0.05) and lambed earlier (P < 0.05) compared to untreated animals of the same genotype. Melatonin treatment did not affect reproductive activity in any other genotype analyzed. No correlation between genotype and the time of first conception was found in untreated animals. Concluding data revealed the positive effect of melatonin treatment on the time of first conception in ewe lambs and highlighted that +/+ genotype is able to influence reproductive response to melatonin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Mura
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italia
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Chemineau P, Bodin L, Migaud M, Thiéry JC, Malpaux B. Neuroendocrine and Genetic Control of Seasonal Reproduction in Sheep and Goats. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45 Suppl 3:42-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Prendergast BJ. MT1 melatonin receptors mediate somatic, behavioral, and reproductive neuroendocrine responses to photoperiod and melatonin in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Endocrinology 2010; 151:714-21. [PMID: 19966183 PMCID: PMC2817621 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Environmental day length drives nocturnal pineal melatonin secretion, which in turn generates or entrains seasonal cycles of physiology, reproduction, and behavior. In mammals, melatonin (MEL) binds to a number of receptor subtypes including high-affinity (MT1 and MT2) and low-affinity (MT3, nuclear orphan receptors) binding sites, which are distributed throughout the central nervous system and periphery. The MEL receptors that mediate photoperiodic reproductive and behavioral responses to MEL have not been identified in a reproductively photoperiodic species. Here I tested the hypothesis that MT1 receptors are necessary and sufficient to engage photoperiodic responses by challenging male Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), a species that does not express functional MT2 receptors, with ramelteon (RAM), a specific MT1/MT2 receptor agonist. In hamsters housed in a long-day photoperiod, late-afternoon RAM treatment inhibited gonadotropin secretion, induced gonadal regression, and suppressed food intake and body mass, mimicking effects of MEL. In addition, chronic (24 h/d) RAM infusions were sufficient to obscure endogenous MEL signaling, and these treatments attenuated gonadal regression in short days. Together, the outcomes indicate that signaling at the MT1 receptor is sufficient and necessary to mediate the effects of photoperiod-driven changes in MEL on behavior and reproductive function in a reproductively photoperiodic mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Prendergast
- Department of Psychology and Committee on Neurobiology, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 940 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Cogé F, Guenin SP, Fery I, Migaud M, Devavry S, Slugocki C, Legros C, Ouvry C, Cohen W, Renault N, Nosjean O, Malpaux B, Delagrange P, Boutin JA. The end of a myth: cloning and characterization of the ovine melatonin MT(2) receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:1248-62. [PMID: 19814723 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE For many years, it was suspected that sheep expressed only one melatonin receptor (closely resembling MT(1) from other mammal species). Here we report the cloning of another melatonin receptor, MT(2), from sheep. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using a thermo-resistant reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction primer set homologous to the bovine MT(2) mRNA sequence, we have cloned and characterized MT(2) receptors from sheep retina. KEY RESULTS The ovine MT(2) receptor presents 96%, 72% and 67% identity with cattle, human and rat respectively. This MT(2) receptor stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells showed high-affinity 2[(125)I]-iodomelatonin binding (K(D)= 0.04 nM). The rank order of inhibition of 2[(125)I]-iodomelatonin binding by melatonin, 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin and luzindole was similar to that exhibited by MT(2) receptors of other species (melatonin > 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin > luzindole). However, its pharmacological profile was closer to that of rat, rather than human MT(2) receptors. Functionally, the ovine MT(2) receptors were coupled to G(i) proteins leading to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, as the other melatonin receptors. In sheep brain, MT(2) mRNA was expressed in pars tuberalis, choroid plexus and retina, and moderately in mammillary bodies. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that in sheep pars tuberalis, premammillary hypothalamus and mammillary bodies, the temporal pattern of expression of MT(1) and MT(2) mRNA was not parallel in the three tissues. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Co-expression of MT(1) and MT(2) receptors in all analysed sheep brain tissues suggests that MT(2) receptors may participate in melatonin regulation of seasonal anovulatory activity in ewes by modulating MT(1) receptor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cogé
- Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Suresnes, France
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Chemineau P, Guillaume D, Migaud M, Thiéry JC, Pellicer-Rubio MT, Malpaux B. Seasonality of reproduction in mammals: intimate regulatory mechanisms and practical implications. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43 Suppl 2:40-7. [PMID: 18638103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Farm mammals generally express seasonal variations in their production traits, thus inducing changing availability of fresh derived animal products (meat, milk and cheese) or performances (horses). This is due to a more or less marked seasonal birth distribution in sheep and goats, in horses but not cattle. Birth peak occurs at the end of winter-early spring, the most favourable period for the progeny to survive. Most species show seasonal variations in their ovulation frequency (presence or absence of ovulation), spermatogenic activity (from moderate decrease to complete absence of sperm production), gamete quality (variations in fertilization rates and embryo survival), and also sexual behaviour. The intimate mechanism involved is a complex combination of endogenous circannual rhythm driven and synchronized by light and melatonin. Profound and long-term neuroendocrine changes involving different neuromediator systems were described to play a role in these processes. In most species artificial photoperiodic treatments consisting of extra-light during natural short days (in sheep and goats and mares) or melatonin during long days (in sheep and goats) are extensively used to either adjust the breeding season to animal producer needs and/or to completely overcome seasonal variations of sperm production in artificial insemination centres. Pure light treatments (without melatonin), especially when applied in open barns, could be considered as non-invasive ones which fully respect animal welfare. Genetic selection could be one of the future ways to decrease seasonality in sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chemineau
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, CNRS, Université F. Rabelais, Haras Nationaux, Nouzilly, France.
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Torres-Farfan C, Valenzuela FJ, Mondaca M, Valenzuela GJ, Krause B, Herrera EA, Riquelme R, Llanos AJ, Seron-Ferre M. Evidence of a role for melatonin in fetal sheep physiology: direct actions of melatonin on fetal cerebral artery, brown adipose tissue and adrenal gland. J Physiol 2008; 586:4017-27. [PMID: 18599539 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.154351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the fetal pineal gland does not secrete melatonin, the fetus is exposed to melatonin of maternal origin. In the non-human primate fetus, melatonin acts as a trophic hormone for the adrenal gland, stimulating growth while restraining cortisol production. This latter physiological activity led us to hypothesize that melatonin may influence some fetal functions critical for neonatal adaptation to extrauterine life. To test this hypothesis we explored (i) the presence of G-protein-coupled melatonin binding sites and (ii) the direct modulatory effects of melatonin on noradrenaline (norepinephrine)-induced middle cerebral artery (MCA) contraction, brown adipose tissue (BAT) lypolysis and ACTH-induced adrenal cortisol production in fetal sheep. We found that melatonin directly inhibits the response to noradrenaline in the MCA and BAT, and also inhibits the response to ACTH in the adrenal gland. Melatonin inhibition was reversed by the melatonin antagonist luzindole only in the fetal adrenal. MCA, BAT and adrenal tissue displayed specific high-affinity melatonin binding sites coupled to G-protein (K(d) values: MCA 64 +/- 1 pm, BAT 98.44 +/- 2.12 pm and adrenal 4.123 +/- 3.22 pm). Melatonin binding was displaced by luzindole only in the adrenal gland, supporting the idea that action in the MCA and BAT is mediated by different melatonin receptors. These direct inhibitory responses to melatonin support a role for melatonin in fetal physiology, which we propose prevents major contraction of cerebral vessels, restrains cortisol release and restricts BAT lypolysis during fetal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Carcangiu V, Vacca GM, Mura MC, Dettori ML, Pazzola M, Luridiana S, Bini PP. Relationship between MTNR1A melatonin receptor gene polymorphism and seasonal reproduction in different goat breeds. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 110:71-8. [PMID: 18243602 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive activity of goats bred in temperate latitude follows a seasonal pattern, influenced by annual variation in day length. Daily variation in pineal melatonin secretion is the neuroendocrine signal recognized by animals through the link between this hormone and melatonin receptor 1a (MTNR1A). A total of 345 goats of different breeds (225 Sarda, 30 Saanen, 30 Chamois Coloured, 30 Maltese and 30 Nubian) with a kidding period in October-December or January-March were analysed to verify if a link exists between the structure of the receptor gene and reproductive activity. The main part of exon II of MTNR1A gene was amplified by PCR and then digested with MnlI and RsaI to prove the presence of restriction sites. Sequencing of 20 cloned samples and 20 purified samples permitted comparison with previously published sequences. No polymorphism was found using MnlI enzyme, as all 345 samples showed the cleavage site in position 605 and all the goats were MM genotype. However, using RsaI enzyme, some Sarda goats, showed a polymorphic site in position 53. Nine Sarda goats were R/r genotype, lacking this cleavage site only in one allele, while the other animals, both Sarda and the other breeds, presented the cleavage site in both the alleles and were thus R/R genotype. No r/r genotype was found in any of the breeds. In Sarda goats the allelic frequency was 0.98 for R allele and 0.02 for r allele; genotypic frequency was 96.00% for R/R genotype and 4.00% for R/r genotype. A strong link emerged from statistical analysis (P<0.001) between R/r genotype and reproductive activity, which was strongly influenced by photoperiod. Sequencing indicated six nucleotide changes that did not induce any amino acid change. Data showed that polymorphism was present and that it influences reproductive activity only in the Sarda breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Carcangiu
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Yasuo S, Yoshimura T, Ebihara S, Korf HW. Temporal dynamics of type 2 deiodinase expression after melatonin injections in Syrian hamsters. Endocrinology 2007; 148:4385-92. [PMID: 17540726 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In many species living in temperate zones, reproduction is controlled by the photoperiod. Recent findings have clarified that type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2) plays a significant role in the photoperiodic response of gonads in the mediobasal hypothalamus, converting the prohormone T(4) into bioactive T(3). In mammals, Dio2 expression is suppressed by long-term melatonin injections, although the signal transduction pathways that link the melatonin signal to Dio2 expression are unknown. As a first step to approach the problem, we have here investigated the temporal dynamics of the melatonin effect on Dio2 expression using male Syrian hamsters. Dio2 mRNA levels were found to show diurnal rhythms under long-day conditions in an area adjacent to the tuberoinfundibular sulcus and in the ependymal cell layer lining the ventrobasal walls of the third ventricle. Daily sc melatonin injections given in the late afternoon under long-day condition suppressed the Dio2 mRNA levels already at the first day after the onset of the treatment in the ependymal cell layer lining the ventrobasal walls of the third ventricle, and 1 d later in an area adjacent to the tuberoinfundibular sulcus. These suppressive effects were sustained for at least 2 d after a single injection. Furthermore, we examined the temporal changes of the Dio2 expression after the onset of the treatment, showing that the suppression did not occur until midday of the next day. These data suggest that melatonin is involved in the signal transduction mechanisms controlling the photoperiodic response of gonads by acting on Dio2 expression rather rapidly through indirect pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Yasuo
- Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Institute of Anatomy II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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36
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Xiao CT, Chu MX, Fu Y, Fang L, Ye SC. Analysis of polymorphism, structure and function of exon 2 of ovine melatonin receptor 1b gene: a clue as to why it lacks expression in sheep. J Pineal Res 2007; 42:97-104. [PMID: 17198544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00393.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the structure and function of the melatonin 1b receptor (MT2) in sheep, single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in exon 2 of sheep MT2 gene using genomic DNA from five sheep breeds by five primers. Polymorphisms were found, and 33 nucleotide mutations were revealed by comparing the mutant types with the wild types. Among them, 14 give rise to deduced amino acid changes. However, none is likely to be associated with nonseasonal or seasonal estrus in sheep breeds tested. Sequence of exon 2 of MT2 of Small Tail Han sheep shows much closer phylogenetic relationship with predicted bovine and porcine MT2 than with human and mouse. The deduced amino acid sequence shows higher identity with the MT2 of cattle (95%) and pig (79%) than with human (76%) and mouse (71%). A rather high identity (61-63%) with the MT1 of sheep, human and mouse was also found. Compared with the other known MT2, 35 unique altered amino acids were revealed. Albeit it also contains a NAXXY motif in transmembrane 7, both a DRY motif and a CYVCR motif were detected just downstream from its third transmembrane domain rather than NRY and CYICH found in other melatonin receptor groups. We presumed that it is possible that the structural changes make its binding function to the ligands attenuated or disrupted, and other genes (most probably MT1) were substituted in the progress of evolution, which ultimately resulted in no detectable expression in current breeds of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ting Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Sharman EH, Bondy SC, Sharman KG, Lahiri D, Cotman CW, Perreau VM. Effects of melatonin and age on gene expression in mouse CNS using microarray analysis. Neurochem Int 2006; 50:336-44. [PMID: 17118492 PMCID: PMC1868445 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression levels of a number of genes associated with inflammation and immune function change with advancing age. Melatonin modulates gene expression levels of several of these genes. Therefore the declining levels of melatonin associated with age may play a role in the physiological effects of aging. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to measure age-related changes in mRNA expression in the murine CNS, and to study the effect of prolonged administration of dietary melatonin upon these changes. CB6F1 male mice were fed 40 ppm melatonin for 2.1 months prior to sacrifice at age 26.5 months, and compared with both age-matched controls and young, 4.5-month-old untreated controls. Total RNA was extracted from whole brain (excluding cerebellum and brain stem) and individual samples were hybridized to Affymetrix Mouse 430-2.0 arrays. The expression of a substantial number of genes was modulated by melatonin treatment and changes in selected genes were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A subset of these genes did not change with age. Conversely, some genes modulated by age were also modulated by melatonin treatment. In general, melatonin treatment drove the expression levels of these genes closer to the expression levels detected in the younger animals. Notably, the abundance of lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) mRNA increased with age and was decreased in old animals treated with melatonin. Lcn2 is a member of the acute phase response family of proteins and its mRNA levels in the brain increase in response to inflammation. Many of the genes with expression reduced by melatonin are involved in inflammation and the immune system. This suggests that melatonin treatment may influence the inflammatory responses of old animals, driving them to resemble more closely those occurring in young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Sharman
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Community and Environmental Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1825, USA.
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Yasuo S, Nakao N, Ohkura S, Iigo M, Hagiwara S, Goto A, Ando H, Yamamura T, Watanabe M, Watanabe T, Oda SI, Maeda KI, Lincoln GA, Okamura H, Ebihara S, Yoshimura T. Long-day suppressed expression of type 2 deiodinase gene in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the Saanen goat, a short-day breeder: implication for seasonal window of thyroid hormone action on reproductive neuroendocrine axis. Endocrinology 2006; 147:432-40. [PMID: 16195409 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In most animals that live in temperate regions, reproduction is under photoperiodic control. In long-day breeders such as Japanese quail and Djungarian hamsters, type 2 deiodinase (Dio2) plays an important role in the mediobasal hypothalamus, catalyzing the conversion of prohormone T4 to bioactive T3 to regulate the photoperiodic response of the gonads. However, the molecular basis for seasonal reproduction in short-day breeders remains unclear. Because thyroid hormones are also known to be involved in short-day breeders, we examined the effect of an artificial long-day stimulus on Dio2 expression in the male Saanen goat (Capra hircus), a short-day breeder. Dio2 expression was observed in the caudal continuation of the arcuate nucleus, known as the target site for both melatonin and T4 action. In addition, expression of Dio2 and T3 content in the mediobasal hypothalamus was suppressed by artificial long-day conditions, which is the opposite of the results of long-day breeders. Thyroid hormone action on the development of neuroendocrine anestrus is known to be limited to a specific seasonal window. This long-day suppression of Dio2 may provide a mechanism that accounts for the lack of responsiveness to thyroxine during the mid to late anestrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Yasuo
- Division of Biomodeling, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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