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KURUSU S, TERASHIMA R, SUGIYAMA M, TANAKA M, KADOWAKI T, KIZAKI K, KAWAMINAMI M. Expression of lysophosphatidic acid receptors in the rat uterus: cellular distribution of protein and gestation-associated changes in gene expression. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1165-1171. [PMID: 37779089 PMCID: PMC10686777 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Though lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) shows a variety of regulatory roles in reproduction, its action mechanisms in the gestational organs are still largely unknown. We here characterized cellular distribution of its six kinds of specific receptors (LPA1-6) in rat uteri by immunohistochemistry and quantitatively analyzed changes in Lpar1-6 mRNAs expression throughout pregnancy. Among LPA1-6, evident expression of LPA3, LPA4, and LPA6 was immunologically detected and less expression of immunoreactive LPA1 and LPA2 was also found. Luminal and glandular epithelial cells, stromal cells, and myometrial cells are sites of positive immunoreactions, and they are all likely to express three or more subtypes. All of Lpar1-6 mRNAs were expressed, and their alterations were variable depending on subtypes and gestational age. The present information suggests that diverse actions of LPA in the uterus involve varied expression of LPA receptors dependent on tissue/cell types, receptor subtype(s), and organ reproductive states and helps to understand uterine biology of LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro KURUSU
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryota TERASHIMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Makoto SUGIYAMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Miho TANAKA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takuma KADOWAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Keiichiro KIZAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mitsumori KAWAMINAMI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
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Prakash E, Pavithra S, Kishor Kumar DG, Panigrahi M, Singh TU, Kumar D, Parida S. TXA2 mediates LPA1-stimulated uterine contraction in late pregnant mouse. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 167:106736. [PMID: 37062326 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is known to increase uterine contraction in the estrus cycle and early pregnancy, however, the effect of LPA in late pregnant uterus and its mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, we show the LPA receptor subtypes expressed and the mechanism of LPA-induced contractions in late pregnant mouse uterus. We determined the relative mRNA expression of LPA receptor genes by quantitative PCR and elicited log concentration-response curves to oleoyl-L-α-LPA by performing tension experiments in the presence and absence of nonselective and selective receptor antagonists and inhibitors of the TXA2 pathway. LPA1 was the most highly expressed receptor subtype in the late pregnant mouse uterus and LPA1/2/3 agonist (Oleoyl-L-α LPA) elicited increased contractions in this tissue that had lesser efficacy compared to oxytocin. LPA1/3 antagonist, Ki-16425, and a potent LPA1 antagonist (AM-095) significantly inhibited the LPA-induced contractions. Further, the nonselective COX inhibitor, indomethacin, and potent thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitor, furegrelate significantly impaired LPA-induced contractions. Moreover, selective thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist, SQ-29548, and Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632 almost eliminated LPA-induced uterine contractions. LPA1 stimulation elicits contractions in the late pregnant mouse uterus using the contractile prostanoid, TXA2 and may be targeted to induce labor in uterine dysfunctions/ dystocia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Prakash
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Pavithra
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D G Kishor Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Thakur Uttam Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Tsuji T, Inatani M, Tsuji C, Cheranov SM, Kadonosono K. Oxytocin induced epithelium-mesenchimal transition through Rho-ROCK pathway in ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigmental cell line. Tissue Cell 2020; 64:101328. [PMID: 32473703 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports suggest that oxytocin receptors (OXTRs) are expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium in primates. Oxytocinergic signaling activates the Rho-ROCK pathway, which reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton and alters other cellular biophysical characteristics. Such changes could be involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and development of proliferative vitreous retinopathy. Here, we investigated whether oxytocin (OXT) binding to OXTRs in the retinal pigment epithelium can induce Rho-ROCK-mediated cellular activity. We performed four different assays of Rho-ROCK signaling in a human retinal pigment epithelium cell line (ARPE-19) such as induction of actin fibers, wound healing, cell growth, and collagen gel contraction. The assays were performed with or without OXT (100 nM) exposure, as well as with exposure to ripasudil, a specific ROCK inhibitor. The actin stress fiber formation, a phenotype mediated by activated Rho GTPase, was induced by OXT. OXT also accelerated wound closure 19 h after administration, increased cell growth 24 h afterwards, and induced stronger collagen gel contractions. All four cellular responses were inhibited with the addition of 50 μM ripasudil. Taken together, OXT-mediated activation of Rho-ROCK signal transduction could play a role in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the retinal pigment epithelium, and increase the possibility of subsequent proliferative vitreous retinopathy after vitrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsuji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui University, 23-3 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Yoshida, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology & Micro-technology, Yokohama City University, Medical School, Yokohama City University, Medical School, 4-57 Urafune-cho Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Japan.
| | - Masaru Inatani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui University, 23-3 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Yoshida, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tsuji
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Stanislav M Cheranov
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kadonosono
- Department of Ophthalmology & Micro-technology, Yokohama City University, Medical School, Yokohama City University, Medical School, 4-57 Urafune-cho Minami-ku, Yokohama City, 232-0024, Japan
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Boruszewska D, Sinderewicz E, Kowalczyk-Zieba I, Grycmacher K, Woclawek-Potocka I. Studies on lysophosphatidic acid action during in vitro preimplantation embryo development. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 54:15-29. [PMID: 26379100 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro embryo production (IVP), have been successfully used in animal reproduction to optimize breeding strategies for improved production and health in animal husbandry. Despite the progress in IVP techniques over the years, further improvements in in vitro embryo culture systems are required for the enhancement of oocyte and embryo developmental competence. One of the most important issues associated with IVP procedures is the optimization of the in vitro culture of oocytes and embryos. Studies in different species of animals and in humans have identified important roles for receptor-mediated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in multiple aspects of human and animal reproductive tract function. The data on LPA signaling in the ovary and uterus suggest that LPA can directly contribute to embryo-maternal interactions via its influence on early embryo development beginning from the influence of the ovarian environment on the oocyte to the influence of the uterine environment on the preimplantation embryo. This review discusses the current status of LPA as a potential supplement in oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo culture media and current views on the potential involvement of the LPA signaling pathway in early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Boruszewska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland
| | - E Sinderewicz
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland
| | - I Kowalczyk-Zieba
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland
| | - K Grycmacher
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland
| | - I Woclawek-Potocka
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
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Nagamatsu T, Iwasawa-Kawai Y, Ichikawa M, Kawana K, Yamashita T, Osuga Y, Fujii T, Schust DJ. Emerging roles for lysophospholipid mediators in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:182-91. [PMID: 24689547 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in lipid research has unveiled new biologic roles for lysophospholipids as mediators of intercellular signaling. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are representative lysophospholipids. Accumulating evidence suggests that, acting as intercellular mediators, these and other lysophospholipids may play important roles in physiological and pathological situations. This review discusses the possible involvement of LPA and S1P in reproductive processes, with a focus on the regulatory mechanisms of pregnancy maintenance. As LPA promotes prostaglandin synthesis, mediators in the LPA pathway may also play a significant role in implantation and parturition. S1P signaling is thought to be essential in vascular formation within the uteroplacental unit and in fetomaternal immunologic interactions. Derangements in either one of these lysophospholipid signaling pathways could result in pregnancy complications that may include implantation failure, preeclampsia, and preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in human and ruminant reproductive tract. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:649702. [PMID: 24744506 PMCID: PMC3973013 DOI: 10.1155/2014/649702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) through activating its G protein-coupled receptors (LPAR 1–6) exerts diverse cellular effects that in turn influence several physiological processes including reproductive function of the female. Studies in various species of animals and also in humans have identified important roles for the receptor-mediated LPA signaling in multiple aspects of human and animal reproductive tract function. These aspects range from ovarian and uterine function, estrous cycle regulation, early embryo development, embryo implantation, decidualization to pregnancy maintenance and parturition. LPA signaling can also have pathological consequences, influencing aspects of endometriosis and reproductive tissue associated tumors. The review describes recent progress in LPA signaling research relevant to human and ruminant reproduction, pointing at the cow as a relevant model to study LPA influence on the human reproductive performance.
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Bakos J, Strbak V, Paulikova H, Krajnakova L, Lestanova Z, Bacova Z. Oxytocin receptor ligands induce changes in cytoskeleton in neuroblastoma cells. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50:462-8. [PMID: 23335033 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-9960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of ligands of oxytocin receptors on gene expression of neurofilament proteins (nestin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)) associated with neuronal differentiation and growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF)) related to neuronal growth. Fluorescent staining of F-actin was used to observe morphology of cells. Co-treatment with oxytocin and oxytocin receptor antagonist--atosiban--resulted in significant increase of MAP2 gene expression in SK-N-SH cells. There was no effect of oxytocin on gene expression of growth factors BDNF and NGF. Surprisingly, oxytocin with atosiban significantly increased mRNA levels for both BDNF and NGF. Gene expression of vasopressin receptor (V1aR) significantly decreased in response to vasopressin. Atosiban decreased mRNA levels for oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and V1aR. Oxytocin significantly decreased OXTR and nestin mRNA levels and increased mRNA levels for BDNF and NGF in U-87 MG cells. The densest recruitment of F-actin filaments was observed in apical parts of filopodia in SK-N-SH cells incubated in oxytocin presence. Present data demonstrate complex role of ligands of oxytocin receptors in regulation of gene expression of intermediate filaments and thus, oxytocin might be considered as a growth factor in neuronal type of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 3, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Hudson CA, Heesom KJ, López Bernal A. Phasic contractions of isolated human myometrium are associated with Rho-kinase (ROCK)-dependent phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit (MYPT1). Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 18:265-79. [PMID: 22155728 PMCID: PMC3339637 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Force generation in smooth muscle is driven by phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MYL), which is regulated by the equilibrium between the activities of myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and myosin phosphatase (MYLP). MYLK is activated by Ca2+-calmodulin whereas MYLP is inhibited by phosphorylation of its myosin-binding subunit (MYPT1) by Ca2+-independent mechanisms, leading to generation of increased MYL phosphorylation and force for a given intracellular Ca2+ concentration, a phenomenon known as ‘calcium-sensitization’. The regulation of MYPT1 phosphorylation in human myometrium, which shows increasing phasic contractility at the onset of labour, has yet to be fully investigated. Here, we explore phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr696 and Thr853, alongside phosphorylation of MYL, in fresh human myometrial tissue and cultured myometrial cells. We report that pMYPT1 (Thr853) levels are dependent on the activity of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), determined using the ROCK inhibitor g-H-1152 and siRNA-mediated knockdown of ROCK1/2, and are highly correlated to ppMYL (Thr18/Ser19) levels. Pharmacological inhibition of ROCK was associated with a decrease in oxytocin (OXT)-stimulated contractility of myometrial strips in vitro. Moreover, we have measured pMYPT1 and pMYL levels between and during spontaneous and OXT-stimulated phasic contractions by rapidly freezing contracting muscle, and demonstrate for the first time functional coupling between increases in pMYPT1 (Thr853), ppMYL (Thr18/Ser19) and phasic contractility that is ROCK-dependent. The combined approach of measuring contractility and phosphorylation has demonstrated that the phosphorylation of MYPT1 (Thr853) changes dynamically with each contraction and has elucidated a defined role for ROCK in regulating myometrial contractility through MYLP, providing new insights into uterine physiology which will stimulate further research into treatments for preterm labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Hudson
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (Obstetrics and Gynaecology), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
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Shimada H, Staten NR, Rajagopalan LE. TGF-β1 mediated activation of Rho kinase induces TGF-β2 and endothelin-1 expression in human hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol 2011; 54:521-8. [PMID: 21087804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS TGF-β1 a key pro-fibrotic factor activates signaling via the canonical ALK/SMAD as well as the Rho GTPase pathways. Rho kinase is a major downstream effector of Rho GTPase signaling. To understand the contribution of Rho kinase activation towards the synthesis of fibrotic mediators by hepatic stellate cells (HSC), we first profiled activated HSC and fibrotic liver tissues to identify common transcripts that were most significantly up-regulated across all samples. We then applied a pharmacologic as well as a genomics approach in a TGF-β1 activated human HSC line (LX-2) to study the involvement of Rho kinase signaling in the expression of a subset of these up-regulated fibrotic genes. METHODS Total RNA was profiled using microarray chips. Data analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. LX-2 cells were activated with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1 for 24 h. Activation of downstream pathways was assessed by Western blotting with phospho-specific target biomarker antibodies. Targeted knockdown of Rho kinase isoforms 1 and 2 was achieved with RNAi. Secreted levels of endothelin-1, TGF-β2, and thrombospondin-1 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS TGF-β1 activated Rho kinase and Smad pathways in LX-2 cells. The syntheses of endothelin-1 and TGF-β2 were significantly inhibited in TGF-β1 treated LX-2 cells, by isoform non-selective Rho kinase inhibitors. siRNA knockdown of each isoform suggested that endothelin-1 synthesis was largely mediated by the Rho kinase-1 isoform, while both isoforms contributed to the synthesis of TGF-β2. CONCLUSIONS The TGF-β1 mediated secretion of endothelin-1 and TGF-β2 is mediated by Rho kinase activation in human HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shimada
- Inflammation Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
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Role of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 in Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin-mediated cellular injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:13473-8. [PMID: 20624979 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1001815107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin (Hla), a potent cytotoxin, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal diseases, including those caused by methicillin-resistant epidemic strains. Hla is secreted as a water-soluble monomer that undergoes a series of conformational changes to generate a heptameric, beta-barrel structure in host membranes. Structural maturation of Hla depends on its interaction with a previously unknown proteinaceous receptor in the context of the cell membrane. It is reported here that a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) interacts with Hla and is required to initiate the sequence of events whereby the toxin is transformed into a cytolytic pore. Hla binding to the eukaryotic cell requires ADAM10 expression. Further, ADAM10 is required for Hla-mediated cytotoxicity, most notably when the toxin is present at low concentrations. These data thus implicate ADAM10 as the probable high-affinity toxin receptor. Upon Hla binding, ADAM10 relocalizes to caveolin 1-enriched lipid rafts that serve as a platform for the clustering of signaling molecules. It is demonstrated that the Hla-ADAM10 complex initiates intracellular signaling events that culminate in the disruption of focal adhesions.
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Breuiller-Fouché M, Dubois O, Sediki M, Garcia-Verdugo I, Palaniyar N, Tanfin Z, Chissey A, Cabrol D, Charpigny G, Mehats C. Secreted surfactant protein A from fetal membranes induces stress fibers in cultured human myometrial cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 298:E1188-97. [PMID: 20233942 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00746.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the ability of human fetal membranes (amnion and choriodecidua) to regulate human maternal uterine cell functions through the secretion of surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D at the end of pregnancy. We detected the expression of both SP-A (SP-A1 and SP-A2) and SP-D by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry revealed that human fetal membranes expressed both SP-A and SP-D. By Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that SP-A protein expression was predominant in choriodecidua, whereas the amnion predominantly expressed SP-D. Only the secretion of SP-A was evidenced in the culture supernatants of amnion and choriodecidua explants by immunodot blot and confirmed by Western blot. Exogenous human purified SP-A induced stress fiber formation in cultured human myometrial cells via a pathway involving Rho-kinase. Conditioned medium from choriodecidua and amnion explants mimicked the SP-A effect. Treatment of myometrial cells with SP-A-depleted conditioned medium from choriodecidua or amnion explants failed to change the actin dynamic. These data indicate that SP-A released by human fetal membranes is able to exert a paracrine regulation of F-actin filament organization in myometrial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Breuiller-Fouché
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U767, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris V, Paris, France.
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Ye X, Chun J. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in vertebrate reproduction. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:17-24. [PMID: 19836970 PMCID: PMC2818173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a cell membrane phospholipid metabolite that can act as an extracellular signal. Its effects are mediated through at least five G protein-coupled receptors, LPA(1-5), and probably others as well. Studies in multiple species including LPAR-deficient mice and humans have identified or implicated important roles for receptor-mediated LPA signaling in multiple aspects of vertebrate reproduction. These include ovarian function, spermatogenesis, fertilization, early embryo development, embryo implantation, embryo spacing, decidualization, pregnancy maintenance and parturition. LPA signaling can also have pathological consequences, influencing aspects of endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Here we review recent progress in LPA signaling research relevant to female and male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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de Wit NCJ, Heck AJR, Thornton S. The effect of oxytocin and an oxytocin antagonist on the human myometrial proteome. Reprod Sci 2009; 17:40-6. [PMID: 19767541 DOI: 10.1177/1933719109345287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immediate effects of oxytocin on myometrial signal transduction have been described. However, the longer term effects (up to an hour) on the myometrial proteome have not. We combined in vitro contractility with proteomic analysis to determine the protein changes associated with oxytocin-induced myometrial activity. STUDY DESIGN Human myometrial biopsies were taken at elective caesarean section prior to administration of oxytocics. Strips were mounted in an organ bath and exposed to oxytocin (10(-8) mol/L), the oxytocin antagonist L372,662 (10(-7) mol/L), or vehicle (n = 5 for each) for 60 minutes. Contractility was determined and expressed as a percentage of pretreatment for each strip. At the end of the contractility experiment, proteins were extracted and separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. Two-dimensional gels were analyzed by PDQuest and proteins of interest identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Identified proteins that demonstrated differences as a result of treatment with oxytocin or the oxytocin receptor antagonist L372,662 were Annexin-A3, Osteoglycin, HSP70-protein 2, 2 isoforms of Cytokeratin 19, Desmin, EHD2, Protein disulfide isomerase A3, BIGH3, transgelin, thioredoxin reductase, triose phosphate isomerase, pyruvate kinase, elongation factor 1gamma, and alpha-Actin-3. These proteins can be grouped into 5 classes of protein, those associated with cytoskeletal function, contractile/oxidative stress, protein synthesis, extracellular matrix proteins, and energy metabolism. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that oxytocin has longer term (1 hour) effects on the myometrial proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert C J de Wit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Ye X. Lysophospholipid signaling in the function and pathology of the reproductive system. Hum Reprod Update 2008; 14:519-36. [PMID: 18562325 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmn023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are two prominent signaling lysophospholipids (LPs) exerting their functions through a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This review covers current knowledge of the LP signaling in the function and pathology of the reproductive system. METHODS PubMed was searched up to May 2008 for papers on lysophospholipids/LPA/S1P/LPC/SPC in combination with each part of the reproductive system, such as testis/ovary/uterus. RESULTS LPA and SIP are found in significant amounts in serum and other biological fluids. To date, 10 LP receptors have been identified, including LPA(1-5) and S1P(1-5). In vitro and in vivo studies from the past three decades have demonstrated or suggested the physiological functions of LP signaling in reproduction, such as spermatogenesis, male sexual function, ovarian function, fertilization, early embryo development, embryo spacing, implantation, decidualization, pregnancy maintenance and parturition, as well as pathological roles in ovary, cervix, mammary gland and prostate cancers. CONCLUSIONS Receptor knock-out and other studies indicate tissue-specific and receptor-specific functions of LP signaling in reproduction. More comprehensive studies are required to define mechanisms of LP signaling and explore the potential use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Garcia-Verdugo I, Tanfin Z, Dallot E, Leroy MJ, Breuiller-Fouché M. Surfactant protein A signaling pathways in human uterine smooth muscle cells. Biol Reprod 2008; 79:348-55. [PMID: 18463356 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.068338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the ability of surfactant associated protein A1 (SFTPA1), a major component of lung surfactant, to bind and serve as a signal in human cultured myometrial cells. By using ligand blot analysis with 125I-SFTPA1, we consistently identified two myometrial SFTPA1 interacting proteins (55 and 200 kDa). We found that the SFTPA1 immunoreactive protein was present in myometrial cells. We also showed by indirect immunofluorescence the nuclear translocation of RELA (also known as NFkappaB p65 subunit) after activation of myometrial cells by SFTPA1. Neutralization of TLR4 did not reverse this effect. Moreover, SFTPA1 rapidly activated mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3 (MAPK1/3) and protein kinase C zeta (PRKCZ). The prolonged treatment of myometrial cells with SFTPA1 upregulated PTGS2 (COX2) protein levels. We next evaluated whether SFTPA1 affected the actin dynamic. Stimulation of myometrial cells with SFTPA1 markedly enhanced the intensity of the filamentous-actin pool stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-phalloidin. Inhibition of PRKC or Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK) reduced the SFTPA1-mediated stress fiber formation. Our data support the hypothesis that human myometrial cells express functional SFTPA1 binding sites and respond to SFTPA1 to initiate activation of signaling events related to human parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo
- Equipe Signalisation et Régulations Cellulaires, Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR-8619, Université Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
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G(q)-dependent signalling by the lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA(3) in gastric smooth muscle: reciprocal regulation of MYPT1 phosphorylation by Rho kinase and cAMP-independent PKA. Biochem J 2008; 411:543-51. [PMID: 18237278 DOI: 10.1042/bj20071299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study characterized the signalling pathways initiated by the bioactive lipid, LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) in smooth muscle. Expression of LPA(3) receptors, but not LPA(1) and LPA(2), receptors was demonstrated by Western blot analysis. LPA stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, PKC (protein kinase C) and Rho kinase (Rho-associated kinase) activities: stimulation of all three enzymes was inhibited by expression of the G(alphaq), but not the G(alphai), minigene. Initial contraction and MLC(20) (20 kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II) phosphorylation induced by LPA were abolished by inhibitors of PLC (phospholipase C)-beta (U73122) or MLCK (myosin light-chain kinase; ML-9), but were not affected by inhibitors of PKC (bisindolylmaleimide) or Rho kinase (Y27632). In contrast, sustained contraction, and phosphorylation of MLC(20) and CPI-17 (PKC-potentiated inhibitor 17 kDa protein) induced by LPA were abolished selectively by bisindolylmaleimide. LPA-induced activation of IKK2 {IkappaB [inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB)] kinase 2} and PKA (protein kinase A; cAMP-dependent protein kinase), and degradation of IkappaBalpha were blocked by the RhoA inhibitor (C3 exoenzyme) and in cells expressing dominant-negative mutants of IKK2(K44A) or RhoA(N19RhoA). Phosphorylation by Rho kinase of MYPT1 (myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1) at Thr(696) was masked by phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Ser(695) by PKA derived from IkappaB degradation via RhoA, but unmasked in the presence of PKI (PKA inhibitor) or C3 exoenzyme and in cells expressing IKK2(K44A). We conclude that LPA induces initial contraction which involves activation of PLC-beta and MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC(20), and sustained contraction which involves activation of PKC and phosphorylation of CPI-17 and MLC(20). Although Rho kinase was activated, phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr(696) by Rho kinase was masked by phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Ser(695) via cAMP-independent PKA derived from the NF-kappaB pathway.
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Wu X, Shen H, Yu L, Peng M, Lai WS, Ding YL. Corticotropin-releasing hormone activates connexin 43 via activator protein-1 transcription factor in human myometrial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293:E1789-94. [PMID: 17895291 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00249.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and connexin 43 (Cx43) play crucial roles in uterine contraction and the onset of labor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory effects of CRH on Cx43 expression in human myometrial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and, potentially, its activation of the c-Fos/activator protein (AP)-1 signaling pathway. Human myometrial SMCs collected from nonpregnant women were treated with different concentrations of CRH. Transient transfection of AP-1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was used to block AP-1 sites of Cx43. The transcriptional activity of AP-1 was detected by luciferase assay. Cx43 protein expression was visualized by immunofluorescence staining. mRNA and protein expression of c-Fos and Cx43 were demonstrated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. CRH facilitated Cx43 expression and enhanced AP-1 promoter activity in human uterine SMCs. After CRH treatment, Cx43 expression in the cytoplasm increased significantly. CRH significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of c-Fos and Cx43 in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). A transient transfection of AP-1 decoy ODN did not affect CRH regulation of c-Fos (P > 0.05) but almost completely abolished CRH-induced enhancement of Cx43 expression (P < 0.01). In human primary myometrial SMCs, CRH enhances Cx43 mRNA and protein expression through upregulation of c-Fos expression. Blockade of AP-1 sites to the Cx43 promoter can neutralize the CRH-induced upregulation of Cx43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Dept. of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Univ., Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Billon-Denis E, Tanfin Z, Robin P. Role of lysophosphatidic acid in the regulation of uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation by phospholipase D and autotaxin. J Lipid Res 2007; 49:295-307. [PMID: 18024704 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700171-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine into phosphatidic acid (PA), a lipidic mediator that may act directly on cellular proteins or may be metabolized into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). We previously showed that PLD contributed to the mitogenic effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in a leiomyoma cell line (ELT3 cells). In this work, we tested the ability of exogenous PA and PLD from Streptomyces chromofuscus (scPLD) to reproduce the effect of endogenous PLD in ELT3 cells and the possibility that these agents acted through LPA formation. We found that PA, scPLD, and LPA stimulated thymidine incorporation. LPA and scPLD induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK(1/2)) mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Using Ki16425, an LPA(1)/LPA(3) receptor antagonist and small interfering RNA targeting LPA(1) receptor, we demonstrated that scPLD acted through LPA production and LPA(1) receptor activation. We found that scPLD induced LPA production by hydrolyzing lysophosphatidylcholine through its lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity. Autotaxin (ATX), a naturally occurring lysoPLD, reproduced the effects of scPLD. By contrast, endogenous PLD stimulated by ET-1 failed to produce LPA. These results demonstrate that scPLD stimulated ELT3 cell proliferation by an LPA-dependent mechanism, different from that triggered by endogenous PLD. These data suggest that in vivo, an extracellular lysoPLD such as ATX may participate in leiomyoma growth through local LPA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Billon-Denis
- University Paris Sud, Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8619, Equipe Signalisation et Régulations Cellulaires, Orsay, France
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Abstract
One of the most important stages of pregnancy is the activation of uterine contractions that result in the expulsion of the fetus. The timely onset of labour is clearly important for a healthy start to life but incomplete understanding of the precise mechanisms regulating labour onset have prohibited the development of effective and safe treatments for preterm labour. This review explores the activation of the myometrium at labour onset, focussing on mechanisms of uterine contractility, including those proteins that play an important role in smooth muscle contractility. The review primarily focuses on human work but in the absence of human data describes animal studies. A broad overview of myometrial contraction mechanisms is provided before discussing more detailed aspects and identifying areas where uncertainty remains. Also discussed is the recent application of ‘omics’ based approaches to parturition research, which has facilitated an increase in the understanding of myometrial activation.
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Jeng YJ, Suarez VR, Izban MG, Wang HQ, Soloff MS. Progesterone-induced sphingosine kinase-1 expression in the rat uterus during pregnancy and signaling consequences. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E1110-21. [PMID: 17164439 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00373.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1-P), a product of sphingomyelin metabolism, can act via a family of cognate G protein-coupled receptors or as an intracellular second messenger for agonists acting through their membrane receptors. In view of the general growth promoting and developmental effects of Sph-1-P on target cells, we hypothesized that it plays a role in adaptation of the uterus to pregnancy. We analyzed its potential role and that of the related lysophospholipid lysophosphatidic acid in the pregnant rat uterus by examining changes in mRNA levels of cognate receptors and enzymes involved in their turnover. Of these, only sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) was markedly changed ( approximately 30-fold increase), being localized in the glandular epithelium, vasculature, and the myometrium. Uterine SphK1 mRNA and protein levels paralleled those of serum progesterone, and treatment with progesterone or an antagonist elevated or reduced SphK1 mRNA expression, respectively. Progesterone also increased SphK1 mRNA steady-state levels in a rat myometrial/leiomyoma cell line (ELT3). Overexpressing human SphK1 in these cells resulted in increased levels of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 and increased myosin light-chain phosphorylation. Ectopic expression of SphK1 also resulted in increased proliferation rates, possibly in conjunction with increased cyclin D1 expression. These studies suggest that the uterine expression of SphK1 mediates processes involved in growth and differentiation of uterine tissues during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yow-Jiun Jeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1062, USA
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Wang YF, Hatton GI. Mechanisms Underlying Oxytocin-Induced Excitation of Supraoptic Neurons: Prostaglandin Mediation of Actin Polymerization. J Neurophysiol 2006; 95:3933-47. [PMID: 16554501 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01267.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In nonneuronal tissues, activation of oxytocin receptors (OTRs), like other Gαq/11 type G-protein-coupled receptors (Gαq/11/GPCRs), increase prostaglandin (PG) expression. This is not known for the OTRs expressed by central OT neurons. We examined mechanisms underlying OT's effects on supraoptic nucleus (SON) OT and vasopressin (VP) neurons in hypothalamic slices from lactating rats. OT application (10 pM, 10 min) significantly increased firing rates of OT and VP neurons, both of which expressed OTRs. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of PG synthetases, blocked these increases. OTR (but not a V1 receptor) antagonist blocked OT effects without blocking the excitatory effect of PGE2. Tetanus toxin blocked OT effects on fast synaptic inputs and firing activity of SON neurons but not OT-evoked depolarization, suggesting involvement of both pre- and postsynaptic neurons. Indomethacin also blocked the excitatory effects of phenylephrine, another Gαq/11/GPCR activating agent but not those of PGE2, a non-Gαq/11/GPCR activating agent in the SON. OT or phenylephrine, but not glutamate or KCl, enhanced cyclooxygenase 2 expression at cytosolic loci in SON neurons and nearby astrocytes, as revealed by immunocytochemistry. This OT effect was not blocked by TTX. Western blot analyses showed that OT significantly increased cyclooxygenase 2 but not actin expression. OT promoted the formation of filamentous actin (F-actin) networks at membrane subcortical areas of both OT and VP neurons. Indomethacin blocked enhancement of F-actin networks by OT but not by PGE2. These results indicate that PGs serve as a common mediator of Gαq/11/GPCR-activating agents in neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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Breuiller-Fouche M, Germain G. Gene and protein expression in the myometrium in pregnancy and labor. Reproduction 2006; 131:837-50. [PMID: 16672349 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microarray technologies widen our comprehension of the major structural and metabolic transformations which affect the myometrium from the very beginning of pregnancy until parturition. The results are coherent with the mass of information which was accumulated previously, primarily on the basis of studies of selected critical factors. They highlight the activation of precise signaling pathways, some of which may have been previously under evaluated. The remodelling and maturation processes that the myometrium undergoes in pregnancy appear clearly as phenomena which last during the full course of gestation. Comparatively, the onset of labor is perhaps the phenomenon which remains the least well described by these methods of analysis. Nevertheless, genomic studies constitute a necessary first step of orientation and help establishing new links between the generic signaling pathways that are activated during the normal or pathological gestation. These studies also represent an indicative step that will have to be paralleled, in the future, with the results of the systematic proteomic analysis of the myometrium.
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Gardell SE, Dubin AE, Chun J. Emerging medicinal roles for lysophospholipid signaling. Trends Mol Med 2006; 12:65-75. [PMID: 16406843 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The two lysophospholipids (LPs) lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) regulate diverse biological processes. Over the past decade, it has become clear that medically relevant LP activities are mediated by specific G protein-coupled receptors, implicating them in the etiology of a growing number of disorders. A new class of LP agonists shows promise for drug therapy: the experimental drug FTY720 is phosphorylated in vivo to produce a potent S1P receptor agonist (FTY720-P) and is currently in Phase III clinical trials for kidney transplantation and Phase II for multiple sclerosis. Recent genetic and pharmacological studies on LP signaling in animal disease models have identified new areas in which interventions in LP signaling might provide novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Gardell
- Department of Molecular Biology, Helen L. Dorris Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Disorder Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Reversi A, Cassoni P, Chini B. Oxytocin receptor signaling in myoepithelial and cancer cells. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2005; 10:221-9. [PMID: 16807802 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-005-9583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) plays a crucial role as a mediator of breast myoepithelial cell contraction, the process responsible for the ejection of milk during lactation, and is also involved in myoepithelial cell proliferation and postpartum mammary gland proliferation. Furthermore, although a number of breast cancer cells have oxytocin receptors (OTRs), it has been reported that OT stimulates, inhibits, or has no effect on cell proliferation. As these different effects seem to be mediated by different signaling pathways elicited by OTR stimulation, we here review the regulation of OTR signaling in different cell systems and discuss how understanding the molecular basis of receptor coupling specificity has become extremely important for understanding the role played by OTRs in regulating cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Reversi
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Section, Milan, Italy
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Hashimoto T, Ohata H, Momose K, Honda K. Lysophosphatidic acid induces histamine release from mast cells and skin fragments. Pharmacology 2005; 75:13-20. [PMID: 15897679 DOI: 10.1159/000085784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induces histamine release and the role of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) in histamine release utilizing Y-27632, an inhibitor of ROCK. Rat peritoneal mast cells and mouse skin fragments were challenged with LPA; subsequently, histamine contents were measured by spectrofluorometric assay. LPA-induced histamine release from mast cells and skin fragments occurred in a time- and dose-dependent manner Pretreatment with Y-27632 inhibited LPA-induced histamine release in a dose-dependent fashion. LPA-induced histamine release was not influenced by calcium-free conditions; however, A23187-induced histamine release decreased significantly. TMB-8, an intracellular calcium antagonist, dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release under these conditions. Additionally, Y-27632 scarcely affected A23187-induced histamine release. These findings suggest that LPA-induced histamine release may be attributable to calcium release from intracellular stores. Moreover, ROCK participates in the extracellular calcium-independent process of LPA-induced histamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Dallot E, Pouchelet M, Gouhier N, Cabrol D, Ferré F, Breuiller-Fouché M. Contraction of cultured human uterine smooth muscle cells after stimulation with endothelin-1. Biol Reprod 2003; 68:937-42. [PMID: 12604645 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.008367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, the problem of how to maintain isolated smooth cells in a "contractile" phenotypic state without deviation after subculturing has yet to be resolved. The present study characterized the in vitro contractile response of human uterine smooth muscle cell to endothelin-1, which induces contractions in isolated uterine strips. Contractile effects were qualitatively investigated using silicone rubber substrata. Endothelin-1 was able to distort and reduce the wrinkles in the silicone surface. Contractions were also quantified by measuring the resulting change in the collagen lattice area. Endothelin-1 significantly increased the contractile response in a dose-dependent manner by selectively activating endothelin A receptors. When myometrial cells were cultured within collagen lattices, a microfilament-disrupting agent, cytochalasin B, abolished contractions, and no change was observed in smooth muscle alpha-actin immunostaining. Taken together, these observations show that the uterine smooth muscle cells are contractile and respond appropriately to a potent uterotonic agent. Based on these findings, a cultured uterine smooth muscle cell model, which could be used to elucidate the mechanisms controlling uterine activity, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Dallot
- INSERM U 361, Université René Descartes, Pavillon Baudelocque, 75014 Paris, France
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Gogarten W, Lindeman KS, Hirshman CA, Emala CW. Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity in human myometrial cells. Biol Reprod 2003; 68:751-7. [PMID: 12604622 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.004168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) have been implicated in amniotic fluid infections and preterm and term labor. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In some smooth muscle cells, TNFalpha affects function of the beta-adrenergic/adenylyl cyclase pathway. The present study was performed to examine the effects of chronic TNFalpha exposure on adenylyl cyclase activity in cell cultures of human myometrium. Chronic TNFalpha exposure led to a dose- and time-dependent increase in basal-, GTP-, NaF-, and forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity. The increase in AC activity was not mediated by changes in the expression of the heterotrimeric G proteins G(s)alpha or G(i)alpha as determined by immunoblotting. In addition, increases in AC activity occurred in the presence of indomethacin, indicating that these changes were not provoked by TNFalpha-induced changes in prostaglandin production. The present results suggest that TNFalpha-induced increases in AC activity in human myometrial cells obtained from the lower uterine segment occur at the level of G-protein/AC interaction or at the level of the AC enzyme itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Gogarten
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) belongs to a new family of lipid mediators that are endogenous growth factors and that elicit diverse biological effects, usually via the activation of G protein-coupled receptors. LPA can be generated after cell activation through the hydrolysis of preexisting phospholipids in the membranes of stimulated cells. A dramatic elevation of LPA levels was found in serum of patients suffering from ovarian carcinoma. Because these high LPA amounts can be detected as early as stage I of the disease, LPA has been introduced as a new marker for ovarian cancer. Progression of the malignancy is correlated with a differential expression of various LPA receptor subtypes. The presence of LPA in the follicular fluid of healthy individuals implicates that this biological mediator may be relevant to normal ovarian physiology. LPA induces proliferation and mitogenic signaling of prostate cancer cells, and a novel LPA receptor isoform has been recognized in healthy prostate tissues. This evidence indicates multiple roles for LPA in both male and female reproductive physiology and pathology. In this review, we summarize the literature on LPA generation, the way it is degraded, and the mechanisms by which signals are transduced by various LPA receptors in reproductive tissues, and we discuss possible future research directions in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia T Budnik
- Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research, University of Hamburg, Grandweg 64, D-22529 Hamburg, Germany.
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