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Bloodworth N, Chen W, Hunter K, Patrick D, Palubinsky A, Phillips E, Roeth D, Kalkum M, Mallal S, Davies S, Ao M, Moretti R, Meiler J, Harrison DG. Posttranslationally modified self-peptides promote hypertension in mouse models. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e174374. [PMID: 39145457 DOI: 10.1172/jci174374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications can enhance immunogenicity of self-proteins. In several conditions, including hypertension, systemic lupus erythematosus, and heart failure, isolevuglandins (IsoLGs) are formed by lipid peroxidation and covalently bond with protein lysine residues. Here, we show that the murine class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) variant H-2Db uniquely presents isoLG-modified peptides and developed a computational pipeline that identifies structural features for MHC-I accommodation of such peptides. We identified isoLG-adducted peptides from renal proteins, including sodium glucose transporter 2, cadherin 16, Kelch domain-containing protein 7A, and solute carrier family 23, that are recognized by CD8+ T cells in tissues of hypertensive mice, induce T cell proliferation in vitro, and prime hypertension after adoptive transfer. Finally, we find patterns of isoLG-adducted antigen restriction in class I human leukocyte antigens that are similar to those in murine analogs. Thus, we have used a combined computational and experimental approach to define likely antigenic peptides in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine
| | - Kuniko Hunter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine
| | - David Patrick
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Center for Drug Safety and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel Roeth
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Simon Mallal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Sean Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine
| | - Mingfang Ao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, and
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Universität Leipzig Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Kimber MC, Lee DS. The Kornblum DeLaMare rearrangement in natural product synthesis: 25 years of innovation. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:813-833. [PMID: 38294038 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1998 up to the end of 2023Since its initial disclosure in 1951, the Kornblum DeLaMare rearrangement has proved an important synthetic transformation and has been widely adopted as a biomimetic step in natural product synthesis. Utilising the base catalysed decomposition of alkyl peroxides to yield a ketone and alcohol has found use in many syntheses as well as a key strategic step, including the unmasking of furans, as a biomimetic synthetic tool, and the use of the rearrangement to install oxygen enantioselectively. Since ca. 1998, its impact as a synthetic transformation has grown significantly, especially given the frequency of use in natural product syntheses, therefore this 25 year time period will be the focus of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc C Kimber
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Darren S Lee
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering at Yale, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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3
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Pitchford LM, Driver PM, Fuller JC, Akers WS, Abumrad NN, Amarnath V, Milne GL, Chen SC, Ye F, Roberts LJ, Shoemaker MB, Oates JA, Rathmacher JA, Boutaud O. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of repeated oral doses of 2-hydroxybenzylamine acetate in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:3. [PMID: 31907026 PMCID: PMC6945443 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-0382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-Hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) is a selective dicarbonyl electrophile scavenger being developed as a nutritional supplement to help protect against the development of conditions associated with dicarbonyl electrophile formation, such as the cognitive decline observed with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Alzheimer's disease. METHODS This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of repeated oral doses of 2-HOBA acetate (500 or 750 mg) administered to healthy volunteers every eight hours for two weeks. The effects of 2-HOBA on cyclooxygenase function and cerebrospinal fluid penetrance of 2-HOBA were also investigated. RESULTS Repeated oral administration of 2-HOBA was found to be safe and well-tolerated up to 750 mg TID for 15 days. 2-HOBA was absorbed within 2 h of administration, had a half-life of 2.10-3.27 h, and an accumulation ratio of 1.38-1.52. 2-HOBA did not interfere with cyclooxygenase function and was found to be present in cerebrospinal fluid 90 min after dosing. CONCLUSIONS Repeated oral administration of 2-HOBA was found to be safe and well-tolerated. These results support continued development of 2-HOBA as a nutritional supplement. TRIAL REGISTRATION Studies are registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03555682 Registered 13 June 2018, NCT03554096 Registered 12 June 18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Pitchford
- MTI BioTech, Inc., Ames, IA 50010 USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010 USA
| | - Patricia M. Driver
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | | | - Wendell S. Akers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN 37204 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Naji N. Abumrad
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - L. Jackson Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - M. Benjamin Shoemaker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - John A. Oates
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - John A. Rathmacher
- MTI BioTech, Inc., Ames, IA 50010 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010 USA
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
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4
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Pitchford LM, Rathmacher JA, Fuller JC, Daniels JS, Morrison RD, Akers WS, Abumrad NN, Amarnath V, Currey PM, Roberts LJ, Oates JA, Boutaud O. First-in-human study assessing safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of 2-hydroxybenzylamine acetate, a selective dicarbonyl electrophile scavenger, in healthy volunteers. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:1. [PMID: 30611293 PMCID: PMC6321651 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 2-Hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) is a selective scavenger of dicarbonyl electrophiles that protects proteins and lipids from being modified by these electrophiles. It is currently being developed for use as a nutritional supplement to help maintain good health and protect against the development of conditions associated with dicarbonyl electrophile formation, such as the cognitive decline associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Methods In this first-in-human study, the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of six ascending single oral doses of 2-HOBA acetate were tested in eighteen healthy human volunteers. Results Reported adverse events were mild and considered unlikely to be related to 2-HOBA. There were no clinically significant changes in vital signs, ECG recordings, or clinical laboratory parameters. 2-HOBA was fairly rapidly absorbed, with a tmax of 1–2 h, and eliminated, with a t1/2 of approximately 2 h. Both tmax and t1/2 were independent of dose level, while Cmax and AUC increased proportionally with dose level. Conclusions 2-HOBA acetate was safe and well-tolerated at doses up to 825 mg in healthy human volunteers, positioning it as a good candidate for continued development as a nutritional supplement. Trial registration This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03176940). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40360-018-0281-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A Rathmacher
- Metabolic Technologies, Inc., Ames, IA, 50010, USA.,Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | | | | | | | - Wendall S Akers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Naji N Abumrad
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Patricia M Currey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - L Jackson Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - John A Oates
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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5
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Xiao L, Patrick DM, Aden LA, Kirabo A. Mechanisms of isolevuglandin-protein adduct formation in inflammation and hypertension. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 139:48-53. [PMID: 30278231 PMCID: PMC6299826 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and recent evidence suggests that isolevuglandin (IsoLG)-protein adducts play a role. Several hypertensive stimuli contribute to formation of IsoLG-protein adducts including excess dietary salt and catecholamines. The precise intracellular mechanisms by which these hypertensive stimuli lead to IsoLG-protein adduct formation are still not well understood; however, there is now evidence implicating NADPH-oxidase derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. ROS oxidize arachidonic acid leading to formation of IsoLGs, which non-covalently adduct to lysine residues and alter protein structure and function. Recent studies suggest that these altered proteins act as neo-antigens leading to an autoimmune state that results in hypertension. The goal of this mini-review is to highlight some of the hypertensive stimuli and the mechanisms contributing to IsoLG-protein adduct formation leading to inflammation and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David M Patrick
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Luul A Aden
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology & Inflammation (VI4), Nashville, TN, United States.
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6
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Woodling NS, Colas D, Wang Q, Minhas P, Panchal M, Liang X, Mhatre SD, Brown H, Ko N, Zagol-Ikapitte I, van der Hart M, Khroyan TV, Chuluun B, Priyam PG, Milne GL, Rassoulpour A, Boutaud O, Manning-Boğ AB, Heller HC, Andreasson KI. Cyclooxygenase inhibition targets neurons to prevent early behavioural decline in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Brain 2016; 139:2063-81. [PMID: 27190010 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying preventive targets for Alzheimer's disease is a central challenge of modern medicine. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in normal ageing populations. This preventive effect coincides with an extended preclinical phase that spans years to decades before onset of cognitive decline. In the brain, COX-2 is induced in neurons in response to excitatory synaptic activity and in glial cells in response to inflammation. To identify mechanisms underlying prevention of cognitive decline by anti-inflammatory drugs, we first identified an early object memory deficit in APPSwe-PS1ΔE9 mice that preceded previously identified spatial memory deficits in this model. We modelled prevention of this memory deficit with ibuprofen, and found that ibuprofen prevented memory impairment without producing any measurable changes in amyloid-β accumulation or glial inflammation. Instead, ibuprofen modulated hippocampal gene expression in pathways involved in neuronal plasticity and increased levels of norepinephrine and dopamine. The gene most highly downregulated by ibuprofen was neuronal tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (Tdo2), which encodes an enzyme that metabolizes tryptophan to kynurenine. TDO2 expression was increased by neuronal COX-2 activity, and overexpression of hippocampal TDO2 produced behavioural deficits. Moreover, pharmacological TDO2 inhibition prevented behavioural deficits in APPSwe-PS1ΔE9 mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate broad effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition on multiple neuronal pathways that counteract the neurotoxic effects of early accumulating amyloid-β oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S Woodling
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 2 Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Damien Colas
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paras Minhas
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maharshi Panchal
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xibin Liang
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Siddhita D Mhatre
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Holden Brown
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 4 Brains On-line LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Novie Ko
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irene Zagol-Ikapitte
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marieke van der Hart
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taline V Khroyan
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bayarsaikhan Chuluun
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prachi G Priyam
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arash Rassoulpour
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amy B Manning-Boğ
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H Craig Heller
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- 1 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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7
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Miriyala S, Thippakorn C, Chaiswing L, Xu Y, Noel T, Tovmasyan A, Batinic-Haberle I, Vander Kooi CW, Chi W, Latif AA, Panchatcharam M, Prachayasittikul V, Butterfield DA, Vore M, Moscow J, St Clair DK. Novel role of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in AIFm2-mediated mitochondrial stress signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:68-80. [PMID: 26689472 PMCID: PMC4761499 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are major side effects of many anticancer drugs. Accumulated evidence indicates that oxidative stress in mitochondria plays an important role in cardiac injury, but how mitochondrial redox mechanisms are involved in cardiac dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) activates the translocation of the mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor (AIFm2) and facilitates apoptosis in heart tissue of mice and humans. Doxorubicin treatments significantly enhance cardiac levels of HNE and AIFm2. HNE adduction of AIFm2 inactivates the NADH oxidoreductase activity of AIFm2 and facilitates its translocation from mitochondria. His 174 on AIFm2 is the critical target of HNE adduction that triggers this functional switch. HNE adduction and translocation of AIFm2 from mitochondria upon Doxorubicin treatment are attenuated by superoxide dismutase mimetics. These results identify a previously unrecognized role of HNE with important consequences for mitochondrial stress signaling, heart failure, and the side effects of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Miriyala
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - Luksana Chaiswing
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Teresa Noel
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Wang Chi
- Biostatistics Core, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel Latif
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Manikandan Panchatcharam
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mary Vore
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Moscow
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Spickett CM, Pitt AR. Oxidative lipidomics coming of age: advances in analysis of oxidized phospholipids in physiology and pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1646-66. [PMID: 25694038 PMCID: PMC4486145 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidized phospholipids are now well recognized as markers of biological oxidative stress and bioactive molecules with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. While analytical methods continue to be developed for studies of generic lipid oxidation, mass spectrometry (MS) has underpinned the advances in knowledge of specific oxidized phospholipids by allowing their identification and characterization, and it is responsible for the expansion of oxidative lipidomics. RECENT ADVANCES Studies of oxidized phospholipids in biological samples, from both animal models and clinical samples, have been facilitated by the recent improvements in MS, especially targeted routines that depend on the fragmentation pattern of the parent molecular ion and improved resolution and mass accuracy. MS can be used to identify selectively individual compounds or groups of compounds with common features, which greatly improves the sensitivity and specificity of detection. Application of these methods has enabled important advances in understanding the mechanisms of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, steatohepatitis, leprosy, and cystic fibrosis, and it offers potential for developing biomarkers of molecular aspects of the diseases. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS The future in this field will depend on development of improved MS technologies, such as ion mobility, novel enrichment methods and databases, and software for data analysis, owing to the very large amount of data generated in these experiments. Imaging of oxidized phospholipids in tissue MS is an additional exciting direction emerging that can be expected to advance understanding of physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne M. Spickett
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Pitt
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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9
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Zhang M, Li W, Li T. Generation and detection of levuglandins and isolevuglandins in vitro and in vivo. Molecules 2011; 16:5333-48. [PMID: 21705973 PMCID: PMC6264246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16075333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Levuglandins (LGs) and isolevuglandins (isoLGs), formed by rearrangement of endoperoxide intermediates generated through the cyclooxygenase and free radical induced oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are extraordinarily reactive, forming covalent adducts incorporating protein lysyl ε-amino groups. Because they accumulate, these adducts provide a dosimeter of oxidative injury. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the generation of LG/isoLG in vitro and in vivo and the detection methods for the adducts of LG/isoLG and biological molecules in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mail: (M.Z.)
| | - Wei Li
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA; E-Mail: (W.L.)
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel: +86-278-374-6960
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10
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Mosoni L, Balage M, Vazeille E, Combaret L, Morand C, Zagol-Ikapitte I, Boutaud O, Marzani B, Papet I, Dardevet D. Antioxidant supplementation had positive effects in old rat muscle, but through better oxidative status in other organs. Nutrition 2010; 26:1157-62. [PMID: 20080031 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aged muscle is characterized by a defect in the ability of leucine to stimulate protein synthesis. We showed previously that antioxidant supplementation improved the anabolic response to leucine of old muscle and reduced inflammation. The aim of the present study was to determine if the positive effects observed in muscle could be related to an improvement of local muscle oxidative status. METHODS Two groups of 20-mo-old male Wistar rats were supplemented or not with rutin, vitamin E, vitamin A, zinc, and selenium during 7 wk. We measured body weight, food intake, oxidative status in muscle and other tissues, gastrocnemius muscle proteolytic activities, and liver glutathione metabolism. RESULTS Antioxidant supplementation had no effect on muscle antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activities, and myofibrillar protein carbonyl content and induced an increase in muscle cathepsin activities. In other tissues, antioxidant supplementation increased liver glutathione (reduced plus oxidized glutathione) content, reduced oxidative damage in the liver and spleen (as measured by γ-keto-aldehyde content), and reduced heart thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the positive effects of antioxidant supplementation observed previously on the anabolic response to leucine of old muscle were not directly related to an improvement of in situ muscle oxidative status. It could result from reduced systemic inflammation/oxidative stress. The dialog between muscle and other organs should be studied more thoroughly, especially during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Mosoni
- INRA, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint Genès Champanelle, France.
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11
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Li W, Laird JM, Lu L, Roychowdhury S, Nagy LE, Zhou R, Crabb JW, Salomon RG. Isolevuglandins covalently modify phosphatidylethanolamines in vivo: detection and quantitative analysis of hydroxylactam adducts. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1539-52. [PMID: 19751823 PMCID: PMC2783230 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Levuglandins (LGs) and isolevuglandins (isoLGs, also called "isoketals" or "isoKs") are extraordinarily reactive products of cyclooxygenase- and free radical-induced oxidation of arachidonates. We now report the detection in vivo and quantitative analysis of LG/isoLG adducts that incorporate the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) into LG/isoLG-hydroxylactams. Notably, LC-MS/MS detection of these hydroxylactams is achieved with samples that are an order of magnitude smaller and sample processing is much simpler and less time consuming than required for measuring protein-derived LG/isoLG-lysyl lactams. A key feature of our protocol is treatment of biological phospholipid extracts with phospholipase A(2) to generate mainly 1-palmitoyl-2-lysoPE-hydroxylactams from heterogeneous mixtures of phospholipids with a variety of acyl groups on the 2 position. Over 160% higher mean levels of LG/isoLG-PE-hydroxylactam (P<0.001) were detected in liver from chronic ethanol-fed mice (32.4+/-6.3 ng/g, n=6) compared to controls (12.1+/-1.5 ng/g, n=4), and mean levels in plasma from patients with age-related macular degeneration (5.2+/-0.4 ng/ml, n=15) were elevated approximately 53% (P<0.0001) compared to those of healthy volunteers (3.4+/-0.1 ng/ml, n=15). Just as LG/isoLG-protein adducts provide a dosimeter of oxidative injury, this study suggests that LG/isoLG-PE-hydroxylactams are potential biomarkers for assessing risk for oxidative stress-stimulated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James M. Laird
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John W. Crabb
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert G. Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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12
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Codreanu SG, Zhang B, Sobecki SM, Billheimer DD, Liebler DC. Global analysis of protein damage by the lipid electrophile 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 8:670-80. [PMID: 19054759 PMCID: PMC2667350 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800070-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation yields a variety of electrophiles, which are thought to contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of diseases involving oxidative stress, yet little is known of the scope of protein damage caused by lipid electrophiles. We identified protein targets of the prototypical lipid electrophile 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) in RKO cells treated with 50 or 100 μm HNE. HNE Michael adducts were biotinylated by reaction with biotinamidohexanoic acid hydrazide, captured with streptavidin, and the captured proteins were resolved by one dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, digested with trypsin, and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Of the 1500+ proteins identified, 417 displayed a statistically significant increase in adduction with increasing HNE exposure concentration. We further identified 18 biotin hydrazide-modified, HNE-adducted peptides by specific capture using anti-biotin antibody and analysis by high resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A subset of the identified HNE targets were validated with a streptavidin capture and immunoblotting approach, which enabled detection of adducts at HNE exposures as low as 1 μm. Protein interaction network analysis indicated several subsystems impacted by endogenous electrophiles in oxidative stress, including the 26 S proteasomal and chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) systems involved in protein-folding and degradation, as well as the COP9 signalosome, translation initiation complex, and a large network of ribonucleoproteins. Global analyses of protein lipid electrophile adducts provide a systems-level perspective on the mechanisms of diseases involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona G Codreanu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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13
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Szapacs ME, Kim HYH, Porter NA, Liebler DC. Identification of proteins adducted by lipid peroxidation products in plasma and modifications of apolipoprotein A1 with a novel biotinylated phospholipid probe. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:4237-46. [PMID: 18778096 PMCID: PMC2664612 DOI: 10.1021/pr8001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive electrophiles generated by lipid peroxidation are thought to contribute to cardiovascular disease and other oxidative stress-related pathologies by covalently modifying proteins and affecting critical protein functions. The difficulty of capturing and analyzing the relatively small fraction of modified proteins complicates identification of the protein targets of lipid electrophiles. We recently synthesized a biotin-modified linoleoylglycerylphosphatidylcholine probe called PLPBSO ( Tallman et al. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2007, 20, 227-234 ), which forms typical linoleate oxidation products and covalent adducts with model peptides and proteins. Supplementation of human plasma with PLPBSO followed by free radical oxidation resulted in covalent adduction of PLPBSO to plasma proteins, which were isolated with streptavidin and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Among the most highly modified proteins was apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), which is the core component of high density lipoprotein (HDL). ApoA1 phospholipid adduct sites were mapped by LC-MS-MS of tryptic peptides following mild base hydrolysis to release esterified phospholipid adducts. Several carboxylated adducts formed from phospholipid-esterified 9,12-dioxo-10( E)-dodecenoic acid (KODA), 9-hydroxy, 12-oxo-10( E)-dodecenoic acid (HODA), 7-oxoheptanoic acid, 8-oxooctanoic acid, and 9-oxononanoic acid were identified. Free radical oxidations of isolated HDL also generated adducts with 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and other noncarboxylated electrophiles, but these were only sporadically identified in the PLPBSO-adducted ApoA1, suggesting a low stoichiometry of modification in the phospholipid-adducted protein. Both phospholipid electrophiles and HNE adducted His162, which resides in an ApoA1 domain involved in the activation of Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and maturation of the HDL particle. ApoA1 lipid electrophile adducts may affect protein functions and provide useful biomarkers for oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Szapacs
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA
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14
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Long EK, Murphy TC, Leiphon LJ, Watt J, Morrow JD, Milne GL, Howard JRH, Picklo MJ. Trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal is a neurotoxic product of docosahexaenoic (22:6; n-3) acid oxidation. J Neurochem 2008; 105:714-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Atkinson J, Epand RF, Epand RM. Tocopherols and tocotrienols in membranes: a critical review. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:739-64. [PMID: 18160049 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The familiar role of tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) as lipid-soluble chain-terminating inhibitors of lipid peroxidation is currently in the midst of a reinterpretation. New biological activities have been described for tocols that apparently are not dependent on their well-established antioxidant behaviour. These activities could well be real, but there remain large gaps in our understanding of the behaviour of tocols in membranes, especially when it comes to the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-chroman methylation patterns and the seemingly special nature of tocotrienols. It is inappropriate to make conclusions and develop models based on in vivo (or cell culture) results with reference to in vitro measurements of antioxidant activity. When present in biological membranes, tocols will experience a large variation in the local composition of phospholipids and the presence of neutral lipids such as cholesterol, both of which would be expected to change the efficiency of antioxidant action. It is likely that tocols are not homogeneously dispersed in a membrane, but it is still not known whether any specific combination of lipid head group and acyl chains are conferred special protection from peroxidation, nor do we currently appreciate the structural role that tocols play in membranes. Tocols may enhance curvature stress or counteract similar stresses generated by other lipids such as lysolipids. This review will outline what is known about the location and behaviour of tocols in phospholipid bilayers. We will draw mainly from the biophysical literature, but will attempt to extend the discussion to biologically relevant phenomena when appropriate. We hope that it will assist researchers when designing new experiments and when critically assessing the results, in turn providing a more thorough understanding of the biochemistry of tocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Szapacs ME, Riggins JN, Zimmerman LJ, Liebler DC. Covalent adduction of human serum albumin by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: kinetic analysis of competing alkylation reactions. Biochemistry 2006; 45:10521-8. [PMID: 16939204 DOI: 10.1021/bi060535q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electrophilic lipid oxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) reacts with proteins to form covalent adducts, and this damage has been implicated in pathologies associated with oxidative stress. HNE adduction of blood proteins, such as human serum albumin (HSA), yields adducts that may serve as markers of oxidative stress in vivo. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and the P-Mod algorithm to map the sites of 10 adducts formed by reaction of HNE with HSA in vitro. The detected adducts included Michael adducts formed at histidine and lysine residues. The selectivity of HNE in competing adduction reactions was evaluated by analysis of kinetics for HNE Michael adduction at six targeted HSA histidine residues. Reaction kinetics were analyzed by selected reaction monitoring in LC-MS-MS using stable isotope tagging with phenyl isocyanate. Rate constants ranged over 4 orders of magnitude, with the order of reactivity being H242 > H510 > H67 > H367 > H247 approximately K233. The most reactive target, H242, is located in a fatty acid- and drug binding cavity in subdomain IIa of HSA and appears to be a hot-spot for HNE modification. Analysis of adduction kinetics together with HSA structure and target residue pK(a) values suggest that location in the hydrophobic binding cavity and low predicted pK(a) of H242 account for its high reactivity toward HNE. H242 adducts may be preferred products of adduction by lipophilic electrophiles and may comprise a family of biomarkers for oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Szapacs
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA
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17
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Afanas'ev IB. Free Radical Mechanisms of Aging Processes Under Physiological Conditions. Biogerontology 2005; 6:283-90. [PMID: 16333762 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-005-2626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Free radical theory of aging predicts crucial role for free radicals produced by external factors (environmental contamination, irradiation, etc.) or pathological disorders (hereditary diseases or infections) in the initiation of aging. Does it mean that under hypothetical completely physiological conditions aging processes could be fully suppressed? To answer this question, we will consider the possible mechanisms of free radical formation in such hypothetical state. There are two major mechanisms, which are responsible for free radical-mediated damage in a living organism: superoxide overproduction by mitochondria and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation. Superoxide overproduction causes the inhibition of nitric oxide formation and bioavailability, one of principal characteristics of aging, while nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation, which is already demonstrated at physiological conditions, produces toxic isoprostanes. We suggest that major initiators of free radical-mediated damaging processes leading to aging at physiological state are oxidizable components of diet. The possibility of inhibition of aging processes by supplementation of nontoxic antioxidants and calorie restriction is discussed. Scheme demonstrating the potential mechanisms of starting the free radical-mediated aging processes is presented, which are discussed on the grounds of known literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Afanas'ev
- Vitamin Research Institute, Nauchny pr. 14A, 117820, Moscow, Russia.
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18
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Abstract
Inspired by a reaction discovered through basic research on the chemistry of the bicyclic peroxide nucleus of the prostaglandin endoperoxide PGH2, we postulated that levulinaldehyde derivatives with prostaglandin side chains, levuglandins (LGs), and structurally isomeric analogues, isolevuglandins (iso[n]LGs), would be generated by nonenzymatic rearrangements of prostanoid and isoprostanoid endoperoxides. Two decades of subsequent studies culminated in our discoveries of the LG and isoLG pathways, branches of the cyclooxygenase and isoprostane pathways, respectively. In cells, PGH2 rearranges nonenzymatically to LGs even in the presence of enzymes that use PGH2 as a substrate. IsoLGs, also known as isoketals or neuroketals, are generated in vivo through free radical-induced autoxidation of polyunsaturated phospholipid esters. Hydrolysis occurs after rapid adduction of isoLG phospholipids to proteins. The proclivity of these reactive species to avidly bind covalently with and cross-link proteins and nucleic acids complicated the hunt for LGs and isoLGs in vivo. The extraordinary reactivity of these "stealthy toxins" underlies much, if not all, of the biological consequences of LG and isoLG generation. They interfere with protein function and are among the most potent neurotoxic products of lipid oxidation known. Because they can accumulate over the lifetimes of proteins, iso[n]LG-protein adducts represent a convenient dosimeter of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Salomon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7078, USA.
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19
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Murphy TC, Poppe C, Porter JE, Montine TJ, Picklo MJ. 4‐Hydroxy‐trans‐2‐nonenoic acid is a γ‐hydroxybutyrate receptor ligand in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. J Neurochem 2004; 89:1462-70. [PMID: 15189349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Elevated production of 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) occurs in numerous neurological disorders involving oxidative damage. HNE is metabolized to the non-toxic 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenoic acid (HNEAcid) by aldehyde dehydrogenases in the rat cerebral cortex. Based upon the structural similarity of HNEAcid to ligands of the gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) receptor, we hypothesized that HNEAcid is an endogenous ligand for the GHB receptor. HNEAcid displaced the specific binding of the GHB receptor ligand (3)H-NCS382 (30 nm) in membrane preparations of human frontal cerebral cortex and whole rat cerebral cortex with IC(50s) of 3.9 +/- 1.1 and 5.6 +/- 1.2 micro m, respectively. Inhibition was attenuated when the carboxyl group of HNEAcid was replaced with an aldehyde or an alcohol. HNEAcid (300 micro m) did not displace the binding of beta-adrenergic receptor and GABA(B) receptor antagonists, demonstrating the selectivity of HNEAcid for the GHB receptor. HNEAcid is formed in homogenates of human frontal cortical gray matter in an NAD(+)-dependent (V(Max), 0.71 nmol/min/mg) and NADP(+)-dependent (V(Max), 0.12 nmol/min/mg) manner. Lastly, (3)H-NCS382 binding is elevated 2.7-fold with age in the cerebral cortex of rats. Our data demonstrate that an HNE metabolite, formed in rat and human brain, is a signaling molecule analogous to other bioactive lipid peroxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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20
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Poliakov E, Brennan ML, Macpherson J, Zhang R, Sha W, Narine L, Salomon RG, Hazen SL. Isolevuglandins, a novel class of isoprostenoid derivatives, function as integrated sensors of oxidant stress and are generated by myeloperoxidase in vivo. FASEB J 2003; 17:2209-20. [PMID: 14656983 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0086com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Isolevuglandins (isoLGs) are a family of reactive gamma-ketoaldehydes generated by free radical oxidation of arachidonate-containing lipids through the isoprostane pathway. Elevated plasma levels of isoLG protein adducts are observed in subjects with atherosclerosis compared with age/gender-matched controls. However, mechanisms for the generation of isoLGs in vivo are not established. Here we show that free radical-induced peroxidation promoted by the myeloperoxidase (MPO)/H2O2 system of leukocytes serves as one mechanism for the generation of isoLGs in vivo. Using a Candida sepsis model of inflammation, we demonstrate 3.5- and 2.7-fold increases in iso[4]LGE2 and isoLGE2 adducts of plasma proteins after pathogen exposure in wild-type mice. Plasma levels of F2 isoprostanes were not significantly increased after pathogen challenge in this model. MPO knockout mice demonstrated significant reductions (34%, P=0.003) in plasma levels of iso[4]LGE2 protein adducts after pathogen challenge compared with wild-type mice. Mass spectrometry and immunochemical methods demonstrate MPO-dependent formation of iso[4]LGE2 and isoLGE2 phospholipids and their corresponding isoLG protein adducts in model systems. The present studies thus identify MPO as one pathway for generation of isoLGs in vivo. They also suggest that long-lived protein isoLG adducts may serve as an alternative integrated sensor of oxidant stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Poliakov
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio, USA
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21
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Overview: Membrane lipid peroxidation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-3124(03)12002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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22
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Kelly DR, Bansal H, Morgan J. The mechanism of the tertiary amine catalysed isomerisation of endoperoxides to hydroxyketones: synthesis and chemistry of the intermediate postulated in the peroxide attack mechanism. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Matsura T, Serinkan BF, Jiang J, Kagan VE. Phosphatidylserine peroxidation/externalization during staurosporine-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. FEBS Lett 2002; 524:25-30. [PMID: 12135736 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)02990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although oxidative stress is commonly associated with apoptosis, its specific role in the execution of the apoptotic program has yet to be described. We hypothesized that catalytic redox interactions between negatively charged phosphatidylserine (PS) and positively charged cytochrome c released into the cytosol, along with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), results in pronounced oxidation and externalization of PS, and subsequent recognition of apoptotic cells by macrophages. By using staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor that does not act as a prooxidant, we were able to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells without triggering the confounding effects of non-specific oxidation reactions. Through this approach, we demonstrated for the first time that PS underwent a statistically significant and pronounced oxidation at an early stage (2 h) of non-oxidant-induced apoptosis while the most abundant phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, did not. Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant cytosolic thiol, also remained unoxidized at this time point. Furthermore, PS oxidation and the appearance of cytochrome c in the cytosol were concurrent; PS externalization was followed by phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. These findings are compatible with our proposed roles for oxidative PS-dependent signaling during apoptosis and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Matsura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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24
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Wright DH, Abran D, Bhattacharya M, Hou X, Bernier SG, Bouayad A, Fouron JC, Vazquez-Tello A, Beauchamp MH, Clyman RI, Peri K, Varma DR, Chemtob S. Prostanoid receptors: ontogeny and implications in vascular physiology. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 281:R1343-60. [PMID: 11641101 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.5.r1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostanoids exert significant effects on circulatory beds. They play a role in the response of the vasculature to adjustments in perfusion pressure and oxygen and carbon dioxide tension, and they mediate the actions of numerous factors. The role of prostanoids in governing circulation of the perinate is suggested to surpass that in the adult. Prostanoids are abundantly generated in the perinate. They have been implicated in autoregulation of blood flow as studied in brain and eyes. Prostaglandins are also dominant regulators of ductus arteriosus tone. The effects of these autacoids are mediated through specific G protein-coupled receptors. In addition to the pharmacological characterization of the prostanoid receptors, important advances in understanding the biology of these receptors have been made in the last decade. Their cloning and the development of animals with disrupted genes of these receptors have been very informative. The involvement of prostanoid receptors in the developing subject, especially on brain and ocular vasculature and on ductus arteriosus, has also begun to be investigated; the expression of these receptors changes with development. Some but not all of the ontogenic changes in these receptors are attributed to homologous regulation. Interestingly, in the process of elucidating their effects, functional perinuclear prostaglandin E2 receptors have been uncovered. This article reviews prostanoid receptors and addresses implications on the developing subject with attention to vascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G-1Y6, Canada
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25
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Abstract
Oxidation products of lipids and proteins are found in atherosclerotic plaque and in macrophage foam cells. Macrophages avidly endocytose in-vitro oxidized LDL and accumulate sterols. What is the evidence that such a process is involved in in-vivo foam cell formation? The present review surveys current knowledge on the metabolism of oxidized LDL by macrophages, and the types, amounts and location of oxidation products that accumulate in these cells. Comparable studies of lesion lipoproteins and foam cells indicate that limited extracellular lipoprotein oxidation, perhaps followed by more extensive intracellular oxidation subsequent to uptake by macrophages, is a more likely scenario in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jessup
- Cell Biology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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26
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Brunton JA, Ball RO, Pencharz PB. Current total parenteral nutrition solutions for the neonate are inadequate. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2000; 3:299-304. [PMID: 10929677 DOI: 10.1097/00075197-200007000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid requirements of the parenterally fed neonate are poorly defined. Newborn infants are at risk for amino acid deficiency and toxicity, due to lack of small intestinal metabolism and metabolic immaturity. We discuss recent evidence that identifies inadequacies of commercial amino acid solutions with respect to the balance and quantity of aromatic amino acids, and sulphur amino acids. We present data demonstrating that impaired small intestinal metabolism (or lack of first pass metabolism) alters the whole body requirement for methionine, threonine, and arginine, and discuss the potential adverse effects of excess or inadequate parenteral amino acid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Brunton
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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27
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Abstract
Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) regulate hydrolysis of fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, from the sn-2 position of phospholipid membranes. PLA2 activity has been implicated in neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative processes secondary to ischemia and reperfusion and other oxidative stresses. The PLA2s constitute a superfamily whose members have diverse functions and patterns of expression. A large number of PLA2s have been identified within the central nervous systems of rodents and humans. We postulated that group IV large molecular weight, cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) has a unique role in neurotoxicity associated with ischemic or toxin stress. We created mice deficient in cPLA2 and tested this hypothesis in two injury models, ischemia/reperfusion and MPTP neurotoxicity. In each model cPLA2 deficient mice are protected against neuronal injury when compared to their wild type littermate controls. These experiments support the hypothesis that cPLA2 is an important mediator of ischemic and oxidative injuries in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sapirstein
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA.
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