1
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Kuchay S, Saeed M, Giorgi C, Li J, Hoffmann HH, Pinton P, Rice CM, Pagano M. NS5A Promotes Constitutive Degradation of IP3R3 to Counteract Apoptosis Induced by Hepatitis C Virus. Cell Rep 2019; 25:833-840.e3. [PMID: 30355490 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
FBXL2 targets IP3R3 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation to limit Ca2+ flux to mitochondria and, consequently, apoptosis. Efficient replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) requires geranylgeranylation of FBXL2. Here, we show that the viral protein NS5A forms a trimeric complex with IP3R3 and FBXL2, unmasking IP3R3's degron in the absence of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) stimulation. FBXL2 knockdown or expression of a stable IP3R3 mutant causes persistent Ca2+ flux and sensitizes cells to apoptosis, resulting in the inhibition of viral replication. Importantly, the effect of FBXL2 silencing is rescued by depleting IP3R3, but not p85β, another established FBXL2 substrate, indicating that the anti-HCV effect of FBXL2 knockdown is largely due to IP3R3 stabilization. Finally, disruption of the FBXL2-NS5A-IP3R3 complex using somatic cell genetics or pharmacologic inhibition results in IP3R3 stabilization and suppression of HCV replication. This study reveals an IP3-independent molecular mechanism through which HCV promotes IP3R3 degradation, thereby inhibiting virus-induced apoptosis and establishing chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Kuchay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, SRB 1107, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 522 First Avenue, SRB 1107, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, SRB 1107, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, SRB 1107, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, SRB 1107, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 522 First Avenue, SRB 1107, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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2
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Xue M, Wang K, Wang A, Li R, Wang Y, Sun S, Yan D, Song G, Xu H, Sun G, Li M. MicroRNA Sequencing Reveals the Effect of Different Levels of Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate/Neutral Detergent Fiber on Rumen Development in Calves. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E496. [PMID: 31357699 PMCID: PMC6720277 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumen development in calves is affected by many factors, including dietary composition. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to function in the development of the rumen in cattle, what is not known is how these miRNAs function in rumen development of calves fed with high and low ratios of non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC)/neutral detergent fiber (NDF). A total of six healthy Charolais hybrids bull calves of similar weight were divided into two groups; three calves were fed a mixed diet with NFC/NDF = 1.35 (H group), and three were fed a mixed diet with NFC/NDF = 0.80 (L group). After 105 days on the diet, calves were sacrificed and rumen tissues were collected. Tissues were subjected to histological observation and miRNA expression analysis. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted on the target genes of the miRNAs. Targeting and regulatory relationships were verified by luciferase reporter assay and quantitative PCR (qPCR). We found that the length of rumen papilla in the L group was significantly greater than that in the H group, while the width of rumen papilla in H group was significantly greater than that that in L group. We identified 896 miRNAs; 540 known miRNAs, and 356 novel predicted miRNAs. After statistical testing, we identified 24 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). miRNA-mRNA-cluster network analysis and literature reviews revealed that cell proliferation, differentiation, physical and nutrient stimuli processes participate in rumen development under different NFC/NDF levels. The regulatory relationships between three DEmiRNAs and five target genes were verified by examining the levels of expression. The binding sites on bta-miR-128 for the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and solute carrier family 16 member 1 (SLC16A1) genes were investigated using a dual luciferase assay. The results of this study provide insight into the role of miRNAs in rumen development in calves under different NFC/NDF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Xue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ansi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shuaijie Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Duo Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guohua Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huifen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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3
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Protective Effects of Euthyroidism Restoration on Mitochondria Function and Quality Control in Cardiac Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143377. [PMID: 31295805 PMCID: PMC6678270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are major contributors to heart disease onset and progression. Under ischemic injuries or cardiac overload, mitochondrial-derived oxidative stress, Ca2+ dis-homeostasis, and inflammation initiate cross-talking vicious cycles leading to defects of mitochondrial DNA, lipids, and proteins, concurrently resulting in fatal energy crisis and cell loss. Blunting such noxious stimuli and preserving mitochondrial homeostasis are essential to cell survival. In this context, mitochondrial quality control (MQC) represents an expanding research topic and therapeutic target in the field of cardiac physiology. MQC is a multi-tier surveillance system operating at the protein, organelle, and cell level to repair or eliminate damaged mitochondrial components and replace them by biogenesis. Novel evidence highlights the critical role of thyroid hormones (TH) in regulating multiple aspects of MQC, resulting in increased organelle turnover, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics, and the retention of cell function. In the present review, these emerging protective effects are discussed in the context of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and heart failure, focusing on MQC as a strategy to blunt the propagation of connected dangerous signaling cascades and limit adverse remodeling. A better understanding of such TH-dependent signaling could provide insights into the development of mitochondria-targeted treatments in patients with cardiac disease.
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Pathophysiological consequences of isoform-specific IP 3 receptor mutations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1707-1717. [PMID: 29906486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling governs a diverse range of cellular processes and, as such, is subject to tight regulation. A main component of the complex intracellular Ca2+-signaling network is the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R), a tetrameric channel that mediates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to IP3. IP3R function is controlled by a myriad of factors, such as Ca2+, ATP, kinases and phosphatases and a plethora of accessory and regulatory proteins. Further complexity in IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling is the result of the existence of three main isoforms (IP3R1, IP3R2 and IP3R3) that display distinct functional characteristics and properties. Despite their abundant and overlapping expression profiles, IP3R1 is highly expressed in neurons, IP3R2 in cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes and IP3R3 in rapidly proliferating cells as e.g. epithelial cells. As a consequence, dysfunction and/or dysregulation of IP3R isoforms will have distinct pathophysiological outcomes, ranging from neurological disorders for IP3R1 to dysfunctional exocrine tissues and autoimmune diseases for IP3R2 and -3. Over the past years, several IP3R mutations have surfaced in the sequence analysis of patient-derived samples. Here, we aimed to provide an integrative overview of the clinically most relevant mutations for each IP3R isoform and the subsequent molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of the disease.
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5
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Marchi S, Patergnani S, Missiroli S, Morciano G, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis and cell death. Cell Calcium 2017; 69:62-72. [PMID: 28515000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria cannot be considered as static structures, as they intimately communicate, forming very dynamic platforms termed mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). In particular, the ER transmits proper Ca2+ signals to mitochondria, which decode them into specific inputs to regulate essential functions, including metabolism, energy production and apoptosis. Here, we will describe the different molecular players involved in the transfer of Ca2+ ions from the ER lumen to the mitochondrial matrix and how modifications in both ER-mitochondria contact sites and Ca2+ signaling can alter the cell death execution program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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6
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A chemical chaperone improves muscle function in mice with a RyR1 mutation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14659. [PMID: 28337975 PMCID: PMC5376670 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the RYR1 gene cause severe myopathies. Mice with an I4895T mutation in the type 1 ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel (RyR1) display muscle weakness and atrophy, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that the I4895T mutation in RyR1 decreases the amplitude of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ transient, resting cytosolic Ca2+ levels, muscle triadin content and calsequestrin (CSQ) localization to the junctional SR, and increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) and mitochondrial ROS production. Treatment of mice carrying the I4895T mutation with a chemical chaperone, sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA), reduces ER stress/UPR and improves muscle function, but does not restore SR Ca2+ transients in I4895T fibres to wild type levels, suggesting that decreased SR Ca2+ release is not the major driver of the myopathy. These findings suggest that 4PBA, an FDA-approved drug, has potential as a therapeutic intervention for RyR1 myopathies that are associated with ER stress. Mutations in the RyR1 channel cause core myopathies. Here the authors show that ER stress and the unfolded protein response underlie the pathology caused by a common RyR1 channel mutation, and show that treatment with a chemical chaperone restores muscle function in mice.
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7
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The role of PML in the control of apoptotic cell fate: a new key player at ER-mitochondria sites. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:1450-6. [PMID: 21475307 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of malignant tumors results from deregulated proliferation or an inability of cells to undergo apoptotic cell death. Experimental works of the past decade have highlighted the importance of calcium (Ca(2+)) in the regulation of apoptosis. Several studies indicate that the Ca(2+) content of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) determines the cell's sensitivity to apoptotic stress and perturbation of ER Ca(2+) homeostasis appears to be a key component in the development of several pathological situations. Sensitivity to apoptosis depends on the ability of cells to transfer Ca(2+) from the ER to the mitochondria. The physical platform for the interplay between the ER and mitochondria is a domain of the ER called the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). The disruption of these contact sites has profound consequences for cellular function, such as imbalances of intracellular Ca(2+) signaling, cellular stress, and disrupted apoptosis progression. The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein has been previously recognized as a critical and essential regulator of multiple apoptotic response. Nevertheless, how PML would exert such broad and fundamental role in apoptosis remained for long time a mystery. In this review, we will discuss how recent results demonstrate that the elusive mechanism whereby the PML tumor suppressor exerts its essential role in apoptosis triggered by Ca(2+)-dependent stimuli can be attributed to its unexpected and fundamental role at MAMs in the control of the functional cross-talk between ER and mitochondria.
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8
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Type 3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor negatively regulates apoptosis during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1141-54. [DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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9
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Joseph SK, Hajnóczky G. IP3 receptors in cell survival and apoptosis: Ca2+ release and beyond. Apoptosis 2008; 12:951-68. [PMID: 17294082 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)Rs) serve to discharge Ca(2+) from ER stores in response to agonist stimulation. The present review summarizes the role of these receptors in models of Ca(2+)-dependent apoptosis. In particular we focus on the regulation of IP(3)Rs by caspase-3 cleavage, cytochrome c, anti-apoptotic proteins and Akt kinase. We also address the evidence that some of the effects of IP(3)Rs in apoptosis may be independent of their ion-channel function. The role of IP(3)Rs in delivering Ca(2+) to the mitochondria is discussed from the perspective of the factors determining inter-organellar dynamics and the spatial proximity of mitochondria and ER membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Joseph
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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10
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Lam D, Kosta A, Luciani MF, Golstein P. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor is required to signal autophagic cell death. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 19:691-700. [PMID: 18077554 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-08-0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways governing pathophysiologically important autophagic (ACD) and necrotic (NCD) cell death are not entirely known. In the Dictyostelium eukaryote model, which benefits from both unique analytical and genetic advantages and absence of potentially interfering apoptotic machinery, the differentiation factor DIF leads from starvation-induced autophagy to ACD, or, if atg1 is inactivated, to NCD. Here, through random insertional mutagenesis, we found that inactivation of the iplA gene, the only gene encoding an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) in this organism, prevented ACD. The IP3R is a ligand-gated channel governing Ca(2+) efflux from endoplasmic reticulum stores to the cytosol. Accordingly, Ca(2+)-related drugs also affected DIF signaling leading to ACD. Thus, in this system, a main pathway signaling ACD requires IP3R and further Ca(2+)-dependent steps. This is one of the first insights in the molecular understanding of a signaling pathway leading to autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lam
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U631, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6102, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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11
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Li C, Wang X, Vais H, Thompson CB, Foskett JK, White C. Apoptosis regulation by Bcl-x(L) modulation of mammalian inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor channel isoform gating. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:12565-70. [PMID: 17636122 PMCID: PMC1941509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702489104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins regulate apoptosis, with some of their physiological effects mediated by their modulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) homeostasis. Antiapoptotic Bcl-x(L) binds to the inositol trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R) Ca(2+) release channel to enhance Ca(2+)- and InsP(3)-dependent regulation of channel gating, resulting in reduced ER [Ca(2+)], increased oscillations of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), and apoptosis resistance. However, it is controversial which InsP(3)R isoforms mediate these effects and whether reduced ER [Ca(2+)] or enhanced [Ca(2+)](i) signaling is most relevant for apoptosis protection. DT40 cell lines engineered to express each of the three mammalian InsP(3)R isoforms individually displayed enhanced apoptosis sensitivity compared with cells lacking InsP(3)R. In contrast, coexpression of each isoform with Bcl-x(L) conferred enhanced apoptosis resistance. In single-channel recordings of channel gating in native ER membranes, Bcl-x(L) increased the apparent sensitivity of all three InsP(3)R isoforms to subsaturating levels of InsP(3). Expression of Bcl-x(L) reduced ER [Ca(2+)] in type 3 but not type 1 or 2 InsP(3)R-expressing cells. In contrast, Bcl-x(L) enhanced spontaneous [Ca(2+)](i) signaling in all three InsP(3)R isoform-expressing cell lines. These results demonstrate a redundancy among InsP(3)R isoforms in their ability to sensitize cells to apoptotic insults and to interact with Bcl-x(L) to modulate their activities that result in enhanced apoptosis resistance. Furthermore, these data suggest that modulation of ER [Ca(2+)] is not a specific requirement for ER-dependent antiapoptotic effects of Bcl-x(L). Rather, apoptosis protection is conferred by enhanced spontaneous [Ca(2+)](i) signaling by Bcl-x(L) interaction with all isoforms of the InsP(3)R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Li
- *Molecular Targets Group, J. G. Brown Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- *Molecular Targets Group, J. G. Brown Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | | | | | - J. Kevin Foskett
- Departments of Physiology and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Department of Physiology, B39 Anatomy-Chemistry Building, 414 Guardian Drive, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6085. E-mail:
| | - Carl White
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064
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12
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Boehning D, Patterson RL, Sedaghat L, Glebova NO, Kurosaki T, Snyder SH. Cytochrome c binds to inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate receptors, amplifying calcium-dependent apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol 2003; 5:1051-61. [PMID: 14608362 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2003] [Accepted: 10/20/2003] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytochrome c release and inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R)-mediated calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum mediate apoptosis in response to specific stimuli. Here we show that cytochrome c binds to the InsP(3)R during apoptosis. Addition of 1 nM cytochrome c blocks calcium-dependent inhibition of InsP(3)R function. Early in apoptosis, cytochrome c translocates to the endoplasmic reticulum where it selectively binds InsP(3)R, resulting in sustained, oscillatory cytosolic calcium increases. These calcium events are linked to the coordinate release of cytochrome c from all mitochondria. Our findings identify a feed-forward mechanism whereby early cytochrome c release increases InsP(3)R function, resulting in augmented cytochrome c release that amplifies the apoptotic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Boehning
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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13
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Rozovskaia T, Ravid-Amir O, Tillib S, Getz G, Feinstein E, Agrawal H, Nagler A, Rappaport EF, Issaeva I, Matsuo Y, Kees UR, Lapidot T, Lo Coco F, Foa R, Mazo A, Nakamura T, Croce CM, Cimino G, Domany E, Canaani E. Expression profiles of acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemias with ALL-1 rearrangements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:7853-8. [PMID: 12782787 PMCID: PMC164677 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1132115100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ALL-1 gene is directly involved in 5-10% of acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) and acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) by fusion to other genes or through internal rearrangements. DNA microarrays were used to determine expression profiles of ALLs and AMLs with ALL-1 rearrangements. These profiles distinguish those tumors from other ALLs and AMLs. The expression patterns of ALL-1-associated tumors, in particular ALLs, involve oncogenes, tumor suppressors, antiapoptotic genes, drug-resistance genes, etc., and correlate with the aggressive nature of the tumors. The genes whose expression differentiates between ALLs with and without ALL-1 rearrangement were further divided into several groups, enabling separation of ALL-1-associated ALLs into two subclasses. One of the groups included 43 genes that exhibited expression profiles closely linked to ALLs with ALL-1 rearrangements. Further, there were evident differences between the expression profiles of AMLs in which ALL-1 had undergone fusion to other genes and AMLs with partial duplication of ALL-1. The extensive analysis described here pinpointed genes that might have a direct role in pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Down-Regulation
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Transcription Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rozovskaia
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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14
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Li C, Fox CJ, Master SR, Bindokas VP, Chodosh LA, Thompson CB. Bcl-X(L) affects Ca(2+) homeostasis by altering expression of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:9830-5. [PMID: 12118121 PMCID: PMC125032 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.152571899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An oligonucleotide-based microarray analysis of 9,500 genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) demonstrated that the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) was significantly down-regulated in Bcl-X(L)-expressing as compared with control cells. This result was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels by Northern and Western blot analyses of two independent hematopoietic cell lines and murine primary T cells. Bcl-X(L) expression resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in IP(3)R protein. IP(3)R expression is regulated as part of a mitochondrion-to-nucleus stress-responsive pathway. The uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation resulted in induction of binding of the transcription factor NFATc2 to the IP(3)R promoter and transcriptional activation of IP(3)R. Expression of Bcl-X(L) led to a decreased induction of both NFATc2 DNA binding to the IP(3)R promoter and IP(3)R expression in response to the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The Bcl-X(L)-dependent decrease in IP(3)R expression also correlated with a reduced T cell antigen receptor ligation-induced Ca(2+) flux in Bcl-X(L) transgenic murine T cells, and microsomal vesicles prepared from Bcl-X(L)-overexpressing cells exhibited lower IP(3)-mediated Ca(2+) release capacity. Furthermore, reintroducing IP(3)R into Bcl-X(L)-transfected cells partially reversed Bcl-X(L)-dependent anti-apoptotic activity. These results suggest that even under non-apoptotic conditions, expression of Bcl-2-family proteins influences a signaling network that links changes in mitochondrial metabolism to alterations in nuclear gene expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Binding Sites
- Biological Transport
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/genetics
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Reporter
- Homeostasis
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors
- Kinetics
- Mice
- Microsomes/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- bcl-X Protein
- beta-Galactosidase/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Abstract
Nuclear DNA damage and ligation of plasma-membrane death receptors have long been recognized as initial triggers of apoptosis that induce mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) and/or the direct activation of caspases. Accumulating evidence suggests that other organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus, are also major points of integration of pro-apoptotic signalling or damage sensing. Each organelle possesses sensors that detect specific alterations, locally activates signal transduction pathways and emits signals that ensure inter-organellar cross-talk. The ER senses local stress through chaperones, Ca2+-binding proteins and Ca2+ release channels, which might transmit ER Ca2+ responses to mitochondria. The ER also contains several Bcl-2-binding proteins, and Bcl-2 has been reported to exert part of its cytoprotective effect within the ER. Upon membrane destabilization, lysosomes release cathepsins that are endowed with the capacity of triggering MMP. The Golgi apparatus constitutes a privileged site for the generation of the pro-apoptotic mediator ganglioside GD3, facilitates local caspase-2 activation and might serve as a storage organelle for latent death receptors. Intriguingly, most organelle-specific death responses finally lead to either MMP or caspase activation, both of which might function as central integrators of the death pathway, thereby streamlining lysosome-, Golgi- or ER-elicited responses into a common pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Ferri
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 1599, Institut Gustave Roussy, Pavillon de Recherche 1, 39 rue Camille-Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif, France
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16
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Geraci MW, Moore M, Gesell T, Yeager ME, Alger L, Golpon H, Gao B, Loyd JE, Tuder RM, Voelkel NF. Gene expression patterns in the lungs of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: a gene microarray analysis. Circ Res 2001; 88:555-62. [PMID: 11282888 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.88.6.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by lumen-obliterating endothelial cell proliferation and vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy of the small precapillary pulmonary arteries. Because the vascular lesions are homogeneously distributed throughout the entire lung, we propose that a tissue fragment of the lung is representative of the whole lung. RNA extracted from the fragments is likely to provide meaningful information regarding the changes in gene expression pattern in PPH when compared with structurally normal lung tissue. We hypothesize that the lung tissue gene expression pattern of patients with PPH has a characteristic profile when compared with the gene expression pattern of structurally normal lungs and that this characteristic gene expression profile provides new insights into the pathobiology of PPH. Using oligonucleotide microarray technology, we characterized the expression pattern in the lung tissue obtained from 6 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH)-including 2 patients with the familial form of PPH (FPPH)-and from 6 patients with histologically normal lungs. For the data analysis, gene clusters were generated and the gene expression pattern differences between PPH and normal lung tissue and between PPH and FPPH lung tissue were compared. All PPH lung tissue samples showed a decreased expression of genes encoding several kinases and phosphatases, whereas several oncogenes and genes coding for ion channel proteins were upregulated in their expression. Importantly, we could distinguish by pattern comparison between sporadic PPH and FPPH, because alterations in the expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptor III, bone morphogenic protein 2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5, RACK 1, apolipoprotein C-III, and the gene encoding the laminin receptor 1 were only found in the samples from patients with sporadic PPH, but not in FPPH samples. We conclude that the microarray gene expression technique is a new and useful molecular tool that provides novel information pertinent to a better characterization and understanding of the pathobiology of the distinct clinical phenotypes of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Geraci
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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