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Syndecan-4 deficiency accelerates the transition from compensated hypertrophy to heart failure following pressure overload. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 28:74-79. [PMID: 28395201 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that a mismatch between angiogenesis and myocardial growth contributes to the transition from adaptive cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure following pressure overload. Syndecan-4 is a transmembrane proteoglycan that binds to growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins and is critical in focal adhesion formation. However, its effects on coronary angiogenesis during pressure overload-induced heart failure have not been studied. Here, we hypothesize that syndecan-4 modulates cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload through its ability to regulate adaptive angiogenesis. Syndecan-4 knockout (syndecan-4 KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Syndecan-4 KO mice exhibited reduced capillary density, attenuated cardiomyocyte size, and worsened left ventricular cardiac function after TAC surgery compared with WT mice. Moreover, syndecan-4 KO mice showed a significant decrease in protein kinase C alpha expression. Our data suggest that syndecan-4 is essential for the compensated hypertrophy and the maintenance of cardiac function during the process of heart failure following pressure overload.
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Warren HR, Evangelou E, Cabrera CP, Gao H, Ren M, Mifsud B, Ntalla I, Surendran P, Liu C, Cook JP, Kraja AT, Drenos F, Loh M, Verweij N, Marten J, Karaman I, Segura Lepe MP, O’Reilly PF, Knight J, Snieder H, Kato N, He J, Tai ES, Said MA, Porteous D, Alver M, Poulter N, Farrall M, Gansevoort RT, Padmanabhan S, Mägi R, Stanton A, Connell J, Bakker SJL, Metspalu A, Shields DC, Thom S, Brown M, Sever P, Esko T, Hayward C, van der Harst P, Saleheen D, Chowdhury R, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chakravarti A, Newton-Cheh C, Lindgren CM, Levy D, Kooner JS, Keavney B, Tomaszewski M, Samani NJ, Howson JMM, Tobin MD, Munroe PB, Ehret GB, Wain LV, Barnes MR, Tzoulaki I, Caulfield MJ, Elliott P. Genome-wide association analysis identifies novel blood pressure loci and offers biological insights into cardiovascular risk. Nat Genet 2017; 49:403-415. [PMID: 28135244 PMCID: PMC5972004 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure is the leading heritable risk factor for cardiovascular disease worldwide. We report genetic association of blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure) among UK Biobank participants of European ancestry with independent replication in other cohorts, and robust validation of 107 independent loci. We also identify new independent variants at 11 previously reported blood pressure loci. In combination with results from a range of in silico functional analyses and wet bench experiments, our findings highlight new biological pathways for blood pressure regulation enriched for genes expressed in vascular tissues and identify potential therapeutic targets for hypertension. Results from genetic risk score models raise the possibility of a precision medicine approach through early lifestyle intervention to offset the impact of blood pressure-raising genetic variants on future cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Claudia P Cabrera
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Meixia Ren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Borbala Mifsud
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Praveen Surendran
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Fotios Drenos
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Rayne Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ibrahim Karaman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Marcelo P Segura Lepe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul F O’Reilly
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Knight
- Data Science Institute, Lancester University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Abdullah Said
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maris Alver
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Neil Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Farrall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alice Stanton
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Connell
- Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Denis C Shields
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Thom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Morris Brown
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Ealing Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- The Big Data Institute at the Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Sciences, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Medicine, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Georg B Ehret
- Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael R Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Blaustein MP, Chen L, Hamlyn JM, Leenen FHH, Lingrel JB, Wier WG, Zhang J. Pivotal role of α2 Na + pumps and their high affinity ouabain binding site in cardiovascular health and disease. J Physiol 2016; 594:6079-6103. [PMID: 27350568 DOI: 10.1113/jp272419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced smooth muscle (SM)-specific α2 Na+ pump expression elevates basal blood pressure (BP) and increases BP sensitivity to angiotensin II (Ang II) and dietary NaCl, whilst SM-α2 overexpression lowers basal BP and decreases Ang II/salt sensitivity. Prolonged ouabain infusion induces hypertension in rodents, and ouabain-resistant mutation of the α2 ouabain binding site (α2R/R mice) confers resistance to several forms of hypertension. Pressure overload-induced heart hypertrophy and failure are attenuated in cardio-specific α2 knockout, cardio-specific α2 overexpression and α2R/R mice. We propose a unifying hypothesis that reconciles these apparently disparate findings: brain mechanisms, activated by Ang II and high NaCl, regulate sympathetic drive and a novel neurohumoral pathway mediated by both brain and circulating endogenous ouabain (EO). Circulating EO modulates ouabain-sensitive α2 Na+ pump activity and Ca2+ transporter expression and, via Na+ /Ca2+ exchange, Ca2+ homeostasis. This regulates sensitivity to sympathetic activity, Ca2+ signalling and arterial and cardiac contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordecai P Blaustein
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - John M Hamlyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Frans H H Leenen
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1Y 4W7
| | - Jerry B Lingrel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0524, USA
| | - W Gil Wier
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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4
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Ujihara Y, Iwasaki K, Takatsu S, Hashimoto K, Naruse K, Mohri S, Katanosaka Y. Induced NCX1 overexpression attenuates pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:348-61. [PMID: 27229460 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although increased Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger 1 (NCX1) expression is observed during heart failure (HF), the pathological role of NCX1 during the progression of HF remains unclear. We examined alterations of NCX1 expression and activity in hearts after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery and explored whether NCX1 influences pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated novel transgenic mice in which NCX1 expression is controlled by a cardiac-specific, doxycycline (DOX)-dependent promoter. In the absence of DOX, TAC surgery caused substantial chamber dilation with a gradual decrease in contractility by 16 weeks. Cardiomyocytes showed a decline in contractility with abnormal Ca(2+) handling during excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. Reduced NCX1 activity was observed 8 weeks after TAC and was still apparent at 17 weeks. Induced NCX1 overexpression by DOX treatment starting 8 weeks after TAC returned NCX1 activity to pre-TAC levels and prevented chamber dilation with cardiac dysfunction. DOX treatment not only upregulated NCX1 expression in TAC-operated hearts but also returned L-type Ca(2+) channel and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) ATPase expression levels to those in sham-operated hearts. In DOX-treated myocytes, contractility, T-tubule integrity, synchrony of Ca(2+) release from the SR, and Ca(2+) handling during E-C coupling was preserved 16 weeks after TAC surgery. In addition, DOX treatment attenuated the down-regulation of survival signalling and up-regulation of apoptosis signalling 16 weeks after TAC surgery. CONCLUSION Induced overexpression of NCX1 attenuated pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac remodelling. Thus, maintaining NCX1 activity may be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing the progression of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ujihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satomi Takatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Hashimoto
- Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Keiji Naruse
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mohri
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yuki Katanosaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Kaludercic N, Carpi A, Nagayama T, Sivakumaran V, Zhu G, Lai EW, Bedja D, De Mario A, Chen K, Gabrielson KL, Lindsey ML, Pacak K, Takimoto E, Shih JC, Kass DA, Di Lisa F, Paolocci N. Monoamine oxidase B prompts mitochondrial and cardiac dysfunction in pressure overloaded hearts. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:267-80. [PMID: 23581564 PMCID: PMC3887464 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are mitochondrial flavoenzymes responsible for neurotransmitter and biogenic amines catabolism. MAO-A contributes to heart failure progression via enhanced norepinephrine catabolism and oxidative stress. The potential pathogenetic role of the isoenzyme MAO-B in cardiac diseases is currently unknown. Moreover, it is has not been determined yet whether MAO activation can directly affect mitochondrial function. RESULTS In wild type mice, pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) resulted in enhanced dopamine catabolism, left ventricular (LV) remodeling, and dysfunction. Conversely, mice lacking MAO-B (MAO-B(-/-)) subjected to TAC maintained concentric hypertrophy accompanied by extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation, and preserved LV function, both at early (3 weeks) and late stages (9 weeks). Enhanced MAO activation triggered oxidative stress, and dropped mitochondrial membrane potential in the presence of ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin both in neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes. The MAO-B inhibitor pargyline completely offset this change, suggesting that MAO activation induces a latent mitochondrial dysfunction, causing these organelles to hydrolyze ATP. Moreover, MAO-dependent aldehyde formation due to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity also contributed to alter mitochondrial bioenergetics. INNOVATION Our study unravels a novel role for MAO-B in the pathogenesis of heart failure, showing that both MAO-driven reactive oxygen species production and impaired aldehyde metabolism affect mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION Under conditions of chronic hemodynamic stress, enhanced MAO-B activity is a major determinant of cardiac structural and functional disarrangement. Both increased oxidative stress and the accumulation of aldehyde intermediates are likely liable for these adverse morphological and mechanical changes by directly targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaludercic
- 1 Neuroscience Institute , National Research Council of Italy, Padova, Italy
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Janssen R, Zuidwijk MJ, Kuster DWD, Muller A, Simonides WS. Thyroid Hormone-Regulated Cardiac microRNAs are Predicted to Suppress Pathological Hypertrophic Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:171. [PMID: 25368602 PMCID: PMC4202793 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte size in the healthy heart is in part determined by the level of circulating thyroid hormone (TH). Higher levels of TH induce ventricular hypertrophy, primarily in response to an increase in hemodynamic load. Normal cardiac function is maintained in this form of hypertrophy, whereas progressive contractile dysfunction is a hallmark of pathological hypertrophy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators of signal-transduction pathways driving adverse remodeling. Because little is known about the involvement of miRNAs in cardiac TH action and hypertrophy, we examined the miRNA expression profile of the hypertrophied left ventricle (LV) using a mouse model of TH-induced cardiac hypertrophy. C57Bl/6J mice were rendered hypothyroid by treatment with propylthiouracil and were subsequently treated for 3 days with TH (T3) or saline. T3 treatment increased LV weight by 38% (p < 0.05). RNA was isolated from the LV and expression of 641 mouse miRNAs was determined using Taqman Megaplex arrays. Data were analyzed using RQ-manager and DataAssist. A total of 52 T3-regulated miRNAs showing a >2-fold change (p < 0.05) were included in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to predict target mRNAs involved in cardiac hypertrophy. The analysis was further restricted to proteins that have been validated as key factors in hypertrophic signal transduction in mouse models of ventricular remodeling. A total of 27 mRNAs were identified as bona fide targets. The predicted regulation of 19% of these targets indicates enhancement of physiological hypertrophy, while 56% indicates suppression of pathological remodeling. Our data suggest that cardiac TH action includes a novel level of regulation in which a unique set of TH-dependent miRNAs primarily suppresses pathological hypertrophic signaling. This may be relevant for our understanding of the progression of adverse remodeling, since cardiac TH levels are known to decrease substantially in various forms of pathological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Janssen
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marian J. Zuidwijk
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diederik W. D. Kuster
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alice Muller
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Warner S. Simonides
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Warner S. Simonides, Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, v.d. Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands e-mail:
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7
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Liu T, O'Rourke B. Regulation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger by pyridine nucleotide redox potential in ventricular myocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31984-92. [PMID: 24045952 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.496588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) is the major Ca(2+) efflux pathway on the sarcolemma, counterbalancing Ca(2+) influx via L-type Ca(2+) current during excitation-contraction coupling. Altered NCX activity modulates the sarcoplastic reticulum Ca(2+) load and can contribute to abnormal Ca(2+) handling and arrhythmias. NADH/NAD(+) is the main redox couple controlling mitochondrial energy production, glycolysis, and other redox reactions. Here, we tested whether cytosolic NADH/NAD(+) redox potential regulates NCX activity in adult cardiomyocytes. NCX current (INCX), measured with whole cell patch clamp, was inhibited in response to cytosolic NADH loaded directly via pipette or increased by extracellular lactate perfusion, whereas an increase of mitochondrial NADH had no effect. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was enhanced by increasing cytosolic NADH, and NADH-induced INCX inhibition was abolished by the H2O2 scavenger catalase. NADH-induced ROS accumulation was independent of mitochondrial respiration (rotenone-insensitive) but was inhibited by the flavoenzyme blocker diphenylene iodonium. NADPH oxidase was ruled out as the effector because INCX was insensitive to cytosolic NADPH, and NADH-induced ROS and INCX inhibition were not abrogated by the specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor gp91ds-tat. This study reveals a novel mechanism of NCX regulation by cytosolic NADH/NAD(+) redox potential through a ROS-generating NADH-driven flavoprotein oxidase. The mechanism is likely to play a key role in Ca(2+) homeostasis and the response to alterations in the cytosolic pyridine nucleotide redox state during ischemia-reperfusion or other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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8
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Wang J, Gao E, Chan TO, Zhang XQ, Song J, Shang X, Koch WJ, Feldman AM, Cheung JY. Induced overexpression of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger does not aggravate myocardial dysfunction induced by transverse aortic constriction. J Card Fail 2013; 19:60-70. [PMID: 23273595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in expression and activity of cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Using transgenic mice in which expression of rat NCX1 was induced at 5 weeks of age, we performed transverse aortic constriction (TAC) at 8 weeks and examined cardiac and myocyte function at 15-18 weeks after TAC (age 23-26 weeks). TAC induced left ventricular (LV) and myocyte hypertrophy and increased myocardial fibrosis in both wild-type (WT) and NCX1-overexpressed mice. NCX1 and phosphorylated ryanodine receptor expression was increased by TAC, whereas sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase levels were decreased by TAC. Action potential duration was prolonged by TAC, but to a greater extent in NCX1 myocytes. Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange current was similar between WT-TAC and WT-sham myocytes, but was higher in NCX1-TAC myocytes. Both myocyte contraction and [Ca(2+)](i) transient amplitudes were reduced in WT-TAC myocytes, but restored to WT-sham levels in NCX1-TAC myocytes. Despite improvement in single myocyte contractility and Ca(2+) dynamics, induced NCX1 overexpression in TAC animals did not ameliorate LV hypertrophy, increase ejection fraction, or enhance inotropic (maximal first derivative of LV pressure rise, +dP/dt) responses to isoproterenol. CONCLUSIONS In pressure-overload hypertrophy, induced overexpression of NCX1 corrected myocyte contractile and [Ca(2+)](i) transient abnormalities but did not aggravate or improve myocardial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufang Wang
- Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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9
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Zou Y, Liang Y, Gong H, Zhou N, Ma H, Guan A, Sun A, Wang P, Niu Y, Jiang H, Takano H, Toko H, Yao A, Takeshima H, Akazawa H, Shiojima I, Wang Y, Komuro I, Ge J. Ryanodine Receptor Type 2 Is Required for the Development of Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. Hypertension 2011; 58:1099-110. [PMID: 21986507 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.173500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR-2) mediates Ca
2+
release from sarcoplasmic reticulum and contributes to myocardial contractile function. However, the role of RyR-2 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy is not completely understood. Here, mice with or without reduction of
RyR-2
gene (
RyR-2
+/−
and wild-type, respectively) were analyzed. At baseline, there was no difference in morphology of cardiomyocyte and heart and cardiac contractility between
RyR-2
+/−
and wild-type mice, although Ca
2+
release from sarcoplasmic reticulum was impaired in isolated
RyR-2
+/−
cardiomyocytes. During a 3-week period of pressure overload, which was induced by constriction of transverse aorta, isolated
RyR-2
+/−
cardiomyocytes displayed more reduction of Ca
2+
transient amplitude, rate of an increase in intracellular Ca
2+
concentration during systole, and percentile of fractional shortening, and hearts of
RyR-2
+/−
mice displayed less compensated hypertrophy, fibrosis, and contractility; more apoptosis with less autophagy of cardiomyocytes; and similar decrease of angiogenesis as compared with wild-type ones. Moreover, constriction of transverse aorta-induced increases in the activation of calcineurin, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases, and protein kinase B/Akt but not that of Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and its downstream targets in the heart of wild-type mice were abolished in the
RyR-2
+/−
one, suggesting that RyR-2 is a regulator of calcineurin, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases, and Akt but not of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activation during pressure overload. Taken together, our data indicate that RyR-2 contributes to the development of cardiac hypertrophy and adaptation of cardiac function during pressure overload through regulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca
2+
release; activation of calcineurin, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases, and Akt; and cardiomyocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzeng Zou
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Yanyan Liang
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Hui Gong
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Ning Zhou
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Hong Ma
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Aili Guan
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Aijun Sun
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Ping Wang
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Yuhong Niu
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Hong Jiang
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Hiroyuki Takano
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Haruhiro Toko
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Atsushi Yao
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Ichiro Shiojima
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Yuqi Wang
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Issei Komuro
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
| | - Junbo Ge
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (Y.Z., Y.L., N.Z., A.G., A.S., Y.N., H.J., J.G.) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (H.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.W.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology (H.M.), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine (P.W., H.Taka., H.To.), Chiba
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10
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Prévilon M, Pezet M, Dachez C, Mercadier JJ, Rouet-Benzineb P. Sequential alterations in Akt, GSK3β, and calcineurin signalling in the mouse left ventricle after thoracic aortic constriction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 88:1093-101. [PMID: 21076497 DOI: 10.1139/y10-087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an adaptive response to chronic biomechanical stress that generally progresses to maladaptive hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). We studied the activation of protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), and calcineurin (Cn) at 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in 4-week-old mice. Following TAC, GSK3β inactivation at day 3 was associated with Akt activation, whereas at days 15 and 30, it appeared to be controlled by other kinases. Moderate nonsignificant Cn activation occurred at the early stages, and peak activation at day 30, concomitant with GSK3β inactivation and overt LVH and HF. At the latest stage (day 60), despite further progression of LVH and HF, Cn activation appeared attenuated. Early stages of LVH were associated with Ca2+-handling protein upregulation, whereas major Cn activation, associated with GSK3β inactivation, appeared to engage maladaptive hypertrophy and progression to HF associated with Ca2+-handling protein downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miresta Prévilon
- Inserm and Université Paris Diderot, UMR 698, 46 rue Henri Huchard, Paris, France
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11
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Jordan MC, Henderson SA, Han T, Fishbein MC, Philipson KD, Roos KP. Myocardial function with reduced expression of the sodium-calcium exchanger. J Card Fail 2010; 16:786-96. [PMID: 20797603 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complete removal of the cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX1) is associated with embryonic lethality, whereas its overexpression is linked to heart failure. To determine whether or not a reduced expression of NCX1 is compatible with normal heart structure and function, we studied 2 knockout (KO) mouse models with reduced levels of NCX1: a heterozygous global KO (HG-KO) with a 50% level of NCX1 expression in all myocytes, and a ventricular-specific KO (V-KO) with NCX1 expression in only 10% to 20% of the myocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Both groups of mice were evaluated at baseline, after transaortic constriction (TAC), and after acute or chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation. At baseline, the HG-KO mice had smaller hearts and the V-KO mice had larger hearts than their wild-type (WT) controls (P < .05). The HG-KO and their control WT mice had normal responses to TAC and beta-adrenergic stimulation. However, the V-KO group was intolerant to TAC and had a significantly (P < .05) blunted response to beta-adrenergic stimulation as compared with the HG-KO mice and WT controls. Unlike the HG-KO mice, the V-KO mice did not tolerate chronic isoproterenol infusion. Telemetric analysis of the electrocardiogram, body temperature, and activity revealed a normal diurnal rhythm in all groups of mice, but confirmed shorter QT intervals along with increased arrhythmias and reduced R wave to P wave amplitude ratios in the V-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Though NCX1 can be reduced by half in all myocytes without significant functional alterations, it must be expressed in more than 20% of the myocytes to prevent severe remodeling and heart failure in mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Jordan
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Fliegel L. Molecular biology of the myocardial Na+/H+ exchanger. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 44:228-37. [PMID: 18191941 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian Na(+)/H(+) exchanger is a pH regulatory membrane protein that uses the sodium gradient to translocate one intracellular proton in exchange for one extracellular sodium. There are nine isoforms of the protein with varying tissue and cellular distribution, some isoforms are predominantly intracellular. In the myocardium, the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger type 1 isoform (NHE1) is the only plasma membrane isoform present in significant quantities. It plays an important role during ischemia/reperfusion damage to the myocardium and has recently been implicated in myocardial hypertrophy. The NHE1 gene is made from 12 exons and a differentially spliced version mediates Na(+)/Li(+) exchange. The NHE1 promoter is regulated by several transcription factors. In the myocardium, transcription factors both proximal and distal to the start site affect expression, including AP-2 and a thyroid responsive element. Recently, reactive oxygen species have also been shown to be important regulators of the NHE1 promoter. Structural and functional analysis of the NHE1 protein has shown that transmembrane segments IV, VII and IX are important in ion transport and susceptibility to pharmacological inhibition. NHE1 protein and mRNA levels are elevated by cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, hypertrophy and acidosis. Understanding the mechanism by which NHE1 mediates transport and its regulation of expression will give novel insights into its contributions in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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13
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MESH Headings
- Amiloride/pharmacology
- Amiloride/therapeutic use
- Angiotensin II/physiology
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling
- Carbonic Anhydrase II/physiology
- Cardiomegaly/physiopathology
- Cardiomegaly/prevention & control
- Cation Transport Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cation Transport Proteins/chemistry
- Cation Transport Proteins/physiology
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Endothelins/physiology
- Heart Failure/drug therapy
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Hormones/physiology
- Humans
- Hydrogen/metabolism
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Mice
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Models, Cardiovascular
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Reactive Oxygen Species
- Signal Transduction
- Sodium/metabolism
- Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1
- Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/chemistry
- Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/physiology
- Stress, Mechanical
- Swine
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio E Cingolani
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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14
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Sano M, Minamino T, Toko H, Miyauchi H, Orimo M, Qin Y, Akazawa H, Tateno K, Kayama Y, Harada M, Shimizu I, Asahara T, Hamada H, Tomita S, Molkentin JD, Zou Y, Komuro I. p53-induced inhibition of Hif-1 causes cardiac dysfunction during pressure overload. Nature 2007; 446:444-8. [PMID: 17334357 DOI: 10.1038/nature05602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 718] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy occurs as an adaptive response to increased workload to maintain cardiac function. However, prolonged cardiac hypertrophy causes heart failure, and its mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we show that cardiac angiogenesis is crucially involved in the adaptive mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy and that p53 accumulation is essential for the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. Pressure overload initially promoted vascular growth in the heart by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (Hif-1)-dependent induction of angiogenic factors, and inhibition of angiogenesis prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy and induced systolic dysfunction. Sustained pressure overload induced an accumulation of p53 that inhibited Hif-1 activity and thereby impaired cardiac angiogenesis and systolic function. Conversely, promoting cardiac angiogenesis by introducing angiogenic factors or by inhibiting p53 accumulation developed hypertrophy further and restored cardiac dysfunction under chronic pressure overload. These results indicate that the anti-angiogenic property of p53 may have a crucial function in the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sano
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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15
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Chakraborti S, Das S, Kar P, Ghosh B, Samanta K, Kolley S, Ghosh S, Roy S, Chakraborti T. Calcium signaling phenomena in heart diseases: a perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 298:1-40. [PMID: 17119849 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) is a major intracellular messenger and nature has evolved multiple mechanisms to regulate free intracellular (Ca(2+))(i) level in situ. The Ca(2+) signal inducing contraction in cardiac muscle originates from two sources. Ca(2+) enters the cell through voltage dependent Ca(2+) channels. This Ca(2+) binds to and activates Ca(2+) release channels (ryanodine receptors) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through a Ca(2+) induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) process. Entry of Ca(2+) with each contraction requires an equal amount of Ca(2+) extrusion within a single heartbeat to maintain Ca(2+) homeostasis and to ensure relaxation. Cardiac Ca(2+) extrusion mechanisms are mainly contributed by Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger and ATP dependent Ca(2+) pump (Ca(2+)-ATPase). These transport systems are important determinants of (Ca(2+))(i) level and cardiac contractility. Altered intracellular Ca(2+) handling importantly contributes to impaired contractility in heart failure. Chronic hyperactivity of the beta-adrenergic signaling pathway results in PKA-hyperphosphorylation of the cardiac RyR/intracellular Ca(2+) release channels. Numerous signaling molecules have been implicated in the development of hypertrophy and failure, including the beta-adrenergic receptor, protein kinase C, Gq, and the down stream effectors such as mitogen activated protein kinases pathways, and the Ca(2+) regulated phosphatase calcineurin. A number of signaling pathways have now been identified that may be key regulators of changes in myocardial structure and function in response to mutations in structural components of the cardiomyocytes. Myocardial structure and signal transduction are now merging into a common field of research that will lead to a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie heart diseases. Recent progress in molecular cardiology makes it possible to envision a new therapeutic approach to heart failure (HF), targeting key molecules involved in intracellular Ca(2+) handling such as RyR, SERCA2a, and PLN. Controlling these molecular functions by different agents have been found to be beneficial in some experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India.
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16
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Takimoto E, Champion HC, Li M, Ren S, Rodriguez ER, Tavazzi B, Lazzarino G, Paolocci N, Gabrielson KL, Wang Y, Kass DA. Oxidant stress from nitric oxide synthase-3 uncoupling stimulates cardiac pathologic remodeling from chronic pressure load. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:1221-31. [PMID: 15841206 PMCID: PMC1077169 DOI: 10.1172/jci21968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pressure load stimulates hypertrophy, often leading to chamber dilation and dysfunction. ROS contribute to this process. Here we show that uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3) plays a major role in pressure load-induced myocardial ROS and consequent chamber remodeling/hypertrophy. Chronic transverse aortic constriction (TAC; for 3 and 9 weeks) in control mice induced marked cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and dysfunction. Mice lacking NOS3 displayed modest and concentric hypertrophy to TAC with preserved function. NOS3(-/-) TAC hearts developed less fibrosis, myocyte hypertrophy, and fetal gene re-expression (B-natriuretic peptide and alpha-skeletal actin). ROS, nitrotyrosine, and gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) zymogen activity markedly increased in control TAC, but not in NOS3(-/-) TAC, hearts. TAC induced NOS3 uncoupling in the heart, reflected by reduced NOS3 dimer and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), increased NOS3-dependent generation of ROS, and lowered Ca(2+)-dependent NOS activity. Cotreatment with BH4 prevented NOS3 uncoupling and inhibited ROS, resulting in concentric nondilated hypertrophy. Mice given the antioxidant tetrahydroneopterin as a control did not display changes in TAC response. Thus, pressure overload triggers NOS3 uncoupling as a prominent source of myocardial ROS that contribute to dilatory remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Reversal of this process by BH4 suggests a potential treatment to ameliorate the pathophysiology of chronic pressure-induced hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Takimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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17
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Ohtsuka M, Takano H, Suzuki M, Zou Y, Akazawa H, Tamagawa M, Wakimoto K, Nakaya H, Komuro I. Role of Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: evaluation using a heterozygous Na+-Ca2+ exchanger knockout mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 314:849-53. [PMID: 14741714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We used Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) knockout mice to evaluate the effects of NCX in cardiac function and the infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion injury. The contractile function in NCX KO mice hearts was significantly better than that in wild type (WT) mice hearts after ischemia/reperfusion and the infarct size was significantly small in NCX KO mice hearts compared with that in WT mice hearts. NCX is critically involved in the development of ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury and therefore the inhibition of NCX function may contribute to cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ohtsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
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18
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Ohtsuka M, Takano H, Zou Y, Toko H, Akazawa H, Qin Y, Suzuki M, Hasegawa H, Nakaya H, Komuro I. Cytokine therapy prevents left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction after myocardial infarction through neovascularization. FASEB J 2004; 18:851-3. [PMID: 15001565 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0637fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pretreatment with a combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF) has been reported to attenuate left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (MI). We here examined whether the cytokine treatment started after MI has also beneficial effects. Anterior MI was created in the recipient mice whose bone marrow had been replaced with that of transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). We categorized mice into five groups according to the following treatment: 1) saline; 2) administration of G-CSF and SCF from 5 days before MI through 3 days after; 3) administration of G-CSF and SCF for 5 days after MI; 4) administration of G-CSF alone for 5 days after MI; 5) administration of SCF alone for 5 days after MI. All the three treatment groups with G-CSF showed less LV remodeling and improved cardiac function and survival rate after MI. The number of capillaries, which express GFP, was increased and the number of apoptotic cells was decreased in the border area of all the treatment groups with G-CSF. Even if the cytokine treatment is started after MI, it could prevent LV remodeling and dysfunction after MI--at least in part--through an increase in neovascularization and a decrease in apoptosis in the border area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ohtsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Komuro I, Ohtsuka M. Forefront of Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger Studies: Role of Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger – Lessons From Knockout Mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2004; 96:23-6. [PMID: 15359083 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fmj04002x5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We used Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) knockout mice to evaluate the effects of NCX in cardiac function and the infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion injury. The contractile function in NCX KO mice hearts was significantly better than that in wild type (WT) mouse hearts after ischemia/reperfusion and the infracted size was significantly smaller in NCX KO mice hearts compared with that in WT mice hearts. NCX is critically involved in the development of ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury, and therefore the inhibition of NCX function may contribute to cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Japan.
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Song JH, Jung SY, Hong SB, Kim MJ, Suh CK. Effect of high glucose on basal intracellular calcium regulation in rat mesangial cell. Am J Nephrol 2003; 23:343-52. [PMID: 12920325 DOI: 10.1159/000072916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2003] [Accepted: 06/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of cellular mechanisms are critically dependent on intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. A sustained increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) is capable of activating a number of potentially harmful processes including phenotype change to secretory type, dysregulated cell proliferation, and cell injury and death. Mesangial cells (MCs) play an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS We evaluated the effect of high glucose on basal [Ca(2+)](i) in the unstimulated state and identified its contributing pathways. MCs were isolated and cultured from Sprague-Dawley rats. [Ca(2+)](i) was measured by fluorometric technique with fura-2AM. RESULTS In a dose-dependent manner, superfusion of MCs with Tyrode's solution containing high glucose (30 and 50 mM) induced a delayed spontaneous increase in [Ca(2+)](i), which was not found in those with normal (5.5 mM) glucose or mannitol. The high glucose-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i)()occurred through transmembrane influx of extracellular Ca(2+) and was blocked by SKF96365, an inhibitor of store-operated Ca(2+) influx. Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) activity, a major channel regulating basal [Ca(2+)](i), and the clearing ability of intracellular Ca(2+) were depressed after MCs were cultured in high-glucose medium. Western blot analysis revealed the decreased expression of a 70-kD NCX protein in MCs cultured in high-glucose medium. CONCLUSIONS A high-glucose concentration induced a spontaneous increase in basal [Ca(2+)](i) of MCs without stimulation. There was a decrease in the activity of NCX in the high-glucose condition, which seems to occur at the level of protein expression. The present results provide a novel insight into the mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy in that intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis is an important secondary messenger and a mediator in hormonal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Song
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inha University College of Medicine, Inchon City, South Korea
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Abstract
Electrical conductance is greatly altered in end-stage heart failure, but little is known about the underlying events. We therefore investigated the expression of genes coding for major inward and outward ion channels, calcium binding proteins, ion receptors, ion exchangers, calcium ATPases, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in explanted hearts (n=13) of patients diagnosed with end-stage heart failure. With the exception of Kv11.1 and Kir3.1 and when compared with healthy controls, major sodium, potassium, and calcium ion channels, ion transporters, and exchangers were significantly repressed, but expression of Kv7.1, HCN4, troponin C and I, SERCA1, and phospholamban was elevated. Hierarchical gene cluster analysis provided novel insight into regulated gene networks. Significant induction of the transcriptional repressor m-Bop and the translational repressor NAT1 coincided with repressed cardiac gene expression. The statistically significant negative correlation between repressors and ion channels points to a mechanism of disease. We observed coregulation of ion channels and the androgen receptor and propose a role for this receptor in ion channel regulation. Overall, the reversal of repressed ion channel gene expression in patients with implanted assist devices exemplifies the complex interactions between pressure load/stretch force and heart-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Borlak
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Center for Drug Research and Medical Biotechnology, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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