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Park G, Park Y, Yang S, Cho Y, Serikov A, Jung D, Seo DC, Lee SE, Nam MH, Kim D, Kim J. Neurotensin-specific corticothalamic circuit regulates innate response conflict. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3473-3487.e6. [PMID: 39067450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Animals must simultaneously select and balance multiple action contingencies in ambiguous situations: for instance, evading danger during feeding. This has rarely been examined in the context of information selection; despite corticothalamic pathways that mediate sensory attention being relatively well characterized, neural mechanisms filtering conflicting actions remain unclear. Here, we develop a new loom/feed test to observe conflict between naturally induced fear and feeding and identify a novel anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) output to the ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamus (VA/VL) that adjusts selectivity between these innate actions. Using micro-endoscopy and fiber photometry, we reveal that activity in corticofugal outputs was lowered during unbalanced/singularly occupied periods, as were the resulting decreased thalamic initiation-related signals for less-favored actions, suggesting that the integration of ACC-thalamic firing may directly regulate the output of behavior choices. Accordingly, the optoinhibition of ACC-VA/VL circuits induced high bias toward feeding at the expense of defense. To identify upstream "commander" cortical cells gating this output, we established dual-order tracing (DOT)-translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP)-a scheme to label upstream neurons with transcriptome analysis-and found a novel population of neurotensin-positive interneurons (ACCNts). The photoexcitation of ACCNts cells indeed caused similarly hyper-selective behaviors. Collectively, this new "corticofugal action filter" scheme suggests that communication in multi-step cingulate circuits may critically influence the summation of motor signals in thalamic outputs, regulating bias between innate action types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunhong Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulkee Yang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Cho
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Almas Serikov
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajung Jung
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Seo
- Research Animal Resources Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Animal Resources Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Novello M, Bosman LWJ, De Zeeuw CI. A Systematic Review of Direct Outputs from the Cerebellum to the Brainstem and Diencephalon in Mammals. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:210-239. [PMID: 36575348 PMCID: PMC10864519 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in many motor, autonomic and cognitive functions, and new tasks that have a cerebellar contribution are discovered on a regular basis. Simultaneously, our insight into the functional compartmentalization of the cerebellum has markedly improved. Additionally, studies on cerebellar output pathways have seen a renaissance due to the development of viral tracing techniques. To create an overview of the current state of our understanding of cerebellar efferents, we undertook a systematic review of all studies on monosynaptic projections from the cerebellum to the brainstem and the diencephalon in mammals. This revealed that important projections from the cerebellum, to the motor nuclei, cerebral cortex, and basal ganglia, are predominantly di- or polysynaptic, rather than monosynaptic. Strikingly, most target areas receive cerebellar input from all three cerebellar nuclei, showing a convergence of cerebellar information at the output level. Overall, there appeared to be a large level of agreement between studies on different species as well as on the use of different types of neural tracers, making the emerging picture of the cerebellar output areas a solid one. Finally, we discuss how this cerebellar output network is affected by a range of diseases and syndromes, with also non-cerebellar diseases having impact on cerebellar output areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Novello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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3
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Dienst EGT, Kremer EJ. Adenovirus receptors on antigen-presenting cells of the skin. Biol Cell 2022; 114:297-308. [PMID: 35906865 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Skin, the largest human organ, is part of the first line of physical and immunological defense against many pathogens. Understanding how skin antigen-presenting cells (APCs) respond to viruses or virus-based vaccines is crucial to develop antiviral pharmaceutics, and efficient and safe vaccines. Here, we discuss the way resident and recruited skin APCs engage adenoviruses and the impact on innate immune responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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4
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Abstract
Neurons are highly interwoven to form intricate neural circuits that underlie the diverse functions of the brain. Dissecting the anatomical organization of neural circuits is key to deciphering how the brain processes information, produces thoughts, and instructs behaviors. Over the past decades, recombinant viral vectors have become the most commonly used tracing tools to define circuit architecture. In this review, we introduce the current categories of viral tools and their proper application in circuit tracing. We further discuss some advances in viral tracing strategy and prospective innovations of viral tools for future study.
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5
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Zingg B, Dong HW, Tao HW, Zhang LI. Application of AAV1 for Anterograde Transsynaptic Circuit Mapping and Input-Dependent Neuronal Cataloging. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e339. [PMID: 35044725 PMCID: PMC8852298 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Viruses that spread transsynaptically provide a powerful means to study interconnected circuits in the brain. Here we describe the use of adeno-associated virus, serotype 1 (AAV1), as a tool to achieve robust, anterograde transsynaptic spread in a variety of unidirectional pathways. A protocol for performing intracranial AAV1 injections in mice is presented, along with additional guidance for planning experiments, sourcing materials, and optimizing the approach to achieve the most successful outcomes. By following the methods presented here, researchers will be able to reveal postsynaptically connected neurons downstream of a given AAV1 injection site and access these input-defined cells for subsequent mapping, recording, and manipulation to characterize their anatomical and functional properties. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Stereotaxic injection of AAV1 for anterograde transsynaptic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Zingg
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Dong
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Huizhong Whit Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li I. Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Characterization of Canine Adenovirus Type 2 Virus Infection Pattern in Canine and Human Cell Lines. Adv Virol 2022; 2022:3658970. [PMID: 36591003 PMCID: PMC9800077 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3658970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2) is a nonhuman adenovirus with a known ability to infect human and canine cells. The cell surface receptors involved in CAV2 transduction are still unknown. Identification of these would provide valuable information to develop enhanced gene delivery tools and better understand CAV2 biology. CAV2 is erroneously grouped with Ad5 based on the knowledge that CAV2 may transduce using CAR. Therefore, we have evaluated CAV2 and Ad5 (CAV2GFP, Ad5G/L) infection patterns in various canine and human cell lines to determine their different tropisms. Our research demonstrates that CAV2 can successfully infect cells that Ad5 does not infect, and CAV2 infections do not correlate with CAR expression. CAV2 can infect cells that have a low or minimal expression of CAR. Our data suggest that CAV2 transduction is not dependent on the CAR receptor, and thus, it is crucial to find novel CAV2 receptors.
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7
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Yook JS, Kim J, Kim J. Convergence Circuit Mapping: Genetic Approaches From Structure to Function. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:688673. [PMID: 34234652 PMCID: PMC8255632 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.688673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complex neural circuits that underpin brain function and behavior has been a long-standing goal of neuroscience. Yet this is no small feat considering the interconnectedness of neurons and other cell types, both within and across brain regions. In this review, we describe recent advances in mouse molecular genetic engineering that can be used to integrate information on brain activity and structure at regional, cellular, and subcellular levels. The convergence of structural inputs can be mapped throughout the brain in a cell type-specific manner by antero- and retrograde viral systems expressing various fluorescent proteins and genetic switches. Furthermore, neural activity can be manipulated using opto- and chemo-genetic tools to interrogate the functional significance of this input convergence. Monitoring neuronal activity is obtained with precise spatiotemporal resolution using genetically encoded sensors for calcium changes and specific neurotransmitters. Combining these genetically engineered mapping tools is a compelling approach for unraveling the structural and functional brain architecture of complex behaviors and malfunctioned states of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Soo Yook
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Lin K, Zhong X, Li L, Ying M, Yang T, Zhang Z, He X, Xu F. AAV9-Retro mediates efficient transduction with axon terminal absorption and blood-brain barrier transportation. Mol Brain 2020; 13:138. [PMID: 33054827 PMCID: PMC7556953 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs), particularly those that permit efficient gene transfer to neurons from axonal terminals or across the blood-brain barrier, are useful vehicles for structural and functional studies of the neural circuit and for the treatment of many gene-deficient brain diseases that need to compensate for the correct genes in every cell in the whole brain. However, AAVs with these two advantages have not been reported. Here, we describe a new capsid engineering method, which exploits the combination of different capsids and aims to yield a capsid that can provide more alternative routes of administration that are more suitable for the wide-scale transduction of the central nervous system (CNS). A new AAV variant, AAV9-Retro, was developed by inserting the 10-mer peptide fragment from AAV2-Retro into the capsid of AAV9, and the biodistribution properties were evaluated in mice. By intracranial and intravenous injection in the mice, we found that AAV9-Retro can retrogradely infect projection neurons with an efficiency comparable to that of AAV2-Retro and retains the characteristic of AAV9, which can be transported across the nervous system. Our strategy provides a new tool for the manipulation of neural circuits and future preclinical and clinical treatment of some neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunzhang Lin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Min Ying
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Tian Yang
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaobin He
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Center for Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen, Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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9
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Rodrigues AF, Fernandes P, Laske T, Castro R, Alves PM, Genzel Y, Coroadinha AS. Cell Bank Origin of MDCK Parental Cells Shapes Adaptation to Serum-Free Suspension Culture and Canine Adenoviral Vector Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6111. [PMID: 32854295 PMCID: PMC7504089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variation in cultured mammalian cell lines is known to be induced by passaging and culture conditions. Yet, the effect these variations have on the production of viral vectors has been overlooked. In this work we evaluated the impact of using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) parental cells from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) or European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC) cell bank repositories in both adherent and suspension cultures for the production of canine adenoviral vectors type 2 (CAV-2). To further explore the differences between cells, we conducted whole-genome transcriptome analysis. ECACC's MDCK showed to be a less heterogeneous population, more difficult to adapt to suspension and serum-free culture conditions, but more permissive to CAV-2 replication progression, enabling higher yields. Transcriptome data indicated that this increased permissiveness is due to a general down-regulation of biological networks of innate immunity in ECACC cells, including apoptosis and death receptor signaling, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling, toll-like receptors signaling and the canonical pathway of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling. These results show the impact of MDCK source on the outcome of viral-based production processes further elucidating transcriptome signatures underlying enhanced adenoviral replication. Following functional validation, the genes and networks identified herein can be targeted in future engineering approaches aiming at improving the production of CAV-2 gene therapy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paulo Fernandes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tanja Laske
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Rute Castro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
| | - Paula Marques Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Ana Sofia Coroadinha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.F.R.); (P.F.); (T.L.); (R.C.); (P.M.A.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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10
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Functional interrogation of neural circuits with virally transmitted optogenetic tools. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 345:108905. [PMID: 32795553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate brain comprises a plethora of cell types connected by intertwined pathways. Optogenetics enriches the neuroscientific tool set for disentangling these neuronal circuits in a manner which exceeds the spatio-temporal precision of previously existing techniques. Technically, optogenetics can be divided in three types of optical and genetic combinations: (1) it is primarily understood as the manipulation of the activity of genetically modified cells (typically neurons) with light, i.e. optical actuators. (2) A second combination refers to visualizing the activity of genetically modified cells (again typically neurons), i.e. optical sensors. (3) A completely different interpretation of optogenetics refers to the light activated expression of a genetically induced construct. Here, we focus on the first two types of optogenetics, i.e. the optical actuators and sensors in an attempt to give an overview into the topic. We first cover methods to express opsins into neurons and introduce strategies of targeting specific neuronal populations in different animal species. We then summarize combinations of optogenetics with behavioral read out and neuronal imaging. Finally, we give an overview of the current state-of-the-art and an outlook on future perspectives.
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11
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Tosolini AP, Sleigh JN. Intramuscular Delivery of Gene Therapy for Targeting the Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:129. [PMID: 32765219 PMCID: PMC7379875 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. This is particularly enticing for neuronal conditions, as the nervous system is renowned for its intransigence to therapeutic targeting. Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. This route is minimally invasive and therefore clinically relevant for gene therapy targeting to peripheral nerve soma. For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. In this review article, we outline key characteristics of major gene therapy viruses—adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentivirus—and summarize the mechanisms regulating important steps in the virus journey from binding at peripheral nerve terminals to nuclear delivery. Additionally, we describe how neuropathology can negatively influence these pathways, and conclude by discussing opportunities to optimize the intramuscular administration route to maximize gene delivery and thus therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Tosolini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James N Sleigh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Wehbi A, Kremer EJ, Dopeso-Reyes IG. Location of the Cell Adhesion Molecule "Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor" in the Adult Mouse Brain. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:28. [PMID: 32581729 PMCID: PMC7287018 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a single-pass transmembrane cell adhesion molecule (CAM). CAR is expressed in numerous mammalian tissues including the brain, heart, lung, and testes. In epithelial cells, CAR functions are typical of the quintessential roles of numerous CAMs. However, in the brain the multiple roles of CAR are poorly understood. To better understand the physiological role of CAR in the adult brain, characterizing its location is a primordial step to advance our knowledge of its functions. In addition, CAR is responsible for the attachment, internalization, and retrograde transport of canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors, which have found a niche in the mapping of neuronal circuits and gene transfer to treat and model neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to document the global location of CAR in the healthy, young adult mouse brain. Globally, we found that CAR is expressed by maturing and mature neurons in the brain parenchyma and located on the soma and on projections. While CAR occasionally colocalizes with glial fibrillary acidic protein, this overlap was restricted to areas that are associated with adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Wehbi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Iria G Dopeso-Reyes
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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13
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di Caudo C, Martínez-Valbuena I, Mundiñano IC, Gennetier A, Hernandez M, Carmona-Abellan M, Marcilla Garcia I, Kremer EJ, Luquin R. CAV-2-Mediated GFP and LRRK2 G2019S Expression in the Macaca fascicularis Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:49. [PMID: 32269512 PMCID: PMC7109318 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms that gradually appear as a consequence of the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Currently, no treatment can slow Parkinson’s disease progression. Inasmuch, there is a need to develop animal models that can be used to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying dopaminergic neuron death. The initial goal of this study was to determine if canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors are effective gene transfer tools in the monkey brain. A second objective was to explore the possibility of developing a large nonhuman primate that expresses one of the most common genetic mutations causing Parkinson’s disease. Our studies demonstrate the neuronal tropism, retrograde transport, biodistribution, and efficacy of CAV-2 vectors expressing GFP and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2G2019S) in the Macaca fascicularis brain. Our data also suggest that following optimization CAV-2-mediated LRRK2G2019S expression could help us model the neurodegenerative processes of this genetic subtype of Parkinson’s disease in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla di Caudo
- Division of Neuroscience, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ivan Martínez-Valbuena
- Division of Neuroscience, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki-Carril Mundiñano
- Division of Neuroscience, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aurelie Gennetier
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Division of Neuroscience, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mar Carmona-Abellan
- Division of Neuroscience, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Marcilla Garcia
- Division of Neuroscience, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Rosario Luquin
- Division of Neuroscience, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
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14
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Lavoie A, Liu BH. Canine Adenovirus 2: A Natural Choice for Brain Circuit Dissection. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:9. [PMID: 32174812 PMCID: PMC7056889 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus-2 (CAV) is a canine pathogen that has been used in a variety of applications, from vaccines against more infectious strains of CAV to treatments for neurological disorders. With recent engineering, CAV has become a natural choice for neuroscientists dissecting the connectivity and function of brain circuits. Specifically, as a reliable genetic vector with minimal immunogenic and cytotoxic reactivity, CAV has been used for the retrograde transduction of various types of projection neurons. Consequently, CAV is particularly useful when studying the anatomy and functions of long-range projections. Moreover, combining CAV with conditional expression and transsynaptic tracing results in the ability to study circuits with cell- and/or projection-type specificity. Lastly, with the well-documented knowledge of viral transduction, new innovations have been developed to increase the transduction efficiency of CAV and circumvent its tropism, expanding the potential of CAV for circuit analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Lavoie
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bao-Hua Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Lee S, Dondzillo A, Gubbels SP, Raphael Y. Practical aspects of inner ear gene delivery for research and clinical applications. Hear Res 2020; 394:107934. [PMID: 32204962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The application of gene therapy is widely expanding in research and continuously improving in preparation for clinical applications. The inner ear is an attractive target for gene therapy for treating environmental and genetic diseases in both the auditory and vestibular systems. With the lack of spontaneous cochlear hair cell replacement, hair cell regeneration in adult mammals is among the most important goals of gene therapy. In addition, correcting gene defects can open up a new era for treating inner ear diseases. The relative isolation and small size of the inner ear dictate local administration routes and carefully calculated small volumes of reagents. In the current review, we will cover effective timing, injection routes and types of vectors for successful gene delivery to specific target cells within the inner ear. Differences between research purposes and clinical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsu Lee
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna Dondzillo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Samuel P Gubbels
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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16
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Bohlen MO, El-Nahal HG, Sommer MA. Transduction of Craniofacial Motoneurons Following Intramuscular Injections of Canine Adenovirus Type-2 (CAV-2) in Rhesus Macaques. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:84. [PMID: 31619971 PMCID: PMC6759538 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable viral vector-mediated transgene expression in primate motoneurons would improve our ability to anatomically and physiologically interrogate motor systems. We therefore investigated the efficacy of replication defective, early region 1-deleted canine adenovirus type-2 (CAV-2) vectors for mediating transgene expression of fluorescent proteins into brainstem motoneurons following craniofacial intramuscular injections in four rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Vector injections were placed into surgically identified and isolated craniofacial muscles. After a 1- to 2-month survival time, animals were sacrificed and transgene expression was assessed with immunohistochemistry in the corresponding motoneuronal populations. We found that injections of CAV-2 into individual craniofacial muscles at doses in the range of ∼1010 to 1011 physical particles/muscle resulted in robust motoneuronal transduction and expression of immunohistochemically identified fluorescent proteins across multiple animals. By using different titers in separate muscles, with the resulting transduction patterns tracked via fluorophore expression and labeled motoneuron location, we established qualitative dose-response relationships in two animals. In one animal that received an atypically high titer (5.7 × 1011 total CAV-2 physical particles) distributed across numerous injection sites, no transduction was detected, likely due to a retaliatory immune response. We conclude that CAV-2 vectors show promise for genetic modification of primate motoneurons following craniofacial intramuscular injections. Our findings warrant focused attention toward the use of CAV-2 vectors to deliver opsins, DREADDs, and other molecular probes to improve genetics-based methods for primate research. Further work is required to optimize CAV-2 transduction parameters. CAV-2 vectors encoding proteins could provide a new, reliable route for modifying activity in targeted neuronal populations of the primate central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin O Bohlen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hala G El-Nahal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Marc A Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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17
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Li SJ, Vaughan A, Sturgill JF, Kepecs A. A Viral Receptor Complementation Strategy to Overcome CAV-2 Tropism for Efficient Retrograde Targeting of Neurons. Neuron 2019; 98:905-917.e5. [PMID: 29879392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Retrogradely transported neurotropic viruses enable genetic access to neurons based on their long-range projections and have become indispensable tools for linking neural connectivity with function. A major limitation of viral techniques is that they rely on cell-type-specific molecules for uptake and transport. Consequently, viruses fail to infect variable subsets of neurons depending on the complement of surface receptors expressed (viral tropism). We report a receptor complementation strategy to overcome this by potentiating neurons for the infection of the virus of interest-in this case, canine adenovirus type-2 (CAV-2). We designed AAV vectors for expressing the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) throughout candidate projection neurons. CAR expression greatly increased retrograde-labeling rates, which we demonstrate for several long-range projections, including some resistant to other retrograde-labeling techniques. Our results demonstrate a receptor complementation strategy to abrogate endogenous viral tropism and thereby facilitate efficient retrograde targeting for functional analysis of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Li
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Kepecs
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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18
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del Rio D, Beucher B, Lavigne M, Wehbi A, Gonzalez Dopeso-Reyes I, Saggio I, Kremer EJ. CAV-2 Vector Development and Gene Transfer in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:71. [PMID: 30983967 PMCID: PMC6449469 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The options available for genetic modification of cells of the central nervous system (CNS) have greatly increased in the last decade. The current panoply of viral and nonviral vectors provides multifunctional platforms to deliver expression cassettes to many structures and nuclei. These cassettes can replace defective genes, modify a given pathway perturbed by diseases, or express proteins that can be selectively activated by drugs or light to extinguish or excite neurons. This review focuses on the use of canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors for gene transfer to neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. We discuss (1) recent advances in vector production, (2) why CAV-2 vectors preferentially transduce neurons, (3) the mechanism underlying their widespread distribution via retrograde axonal transport, (4) how CAV-2 vectors have been used to address structure/function, and (5) their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila del Rio
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Bertrand Beucher
- PVM, BioCampus, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Lavigne
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Amani Wehbi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric J. Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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19
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Sun L, Tang Y, Yan K, Yu J, Zou Y, Xu W, Xiao K, Zhang Z, Li W, Wu B, Hu Z, Chen K, Fu ZF, Dai J, Cao G. Differences in neurotropism and neurotoxicity among retrograde viral tracers. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:8. [PMID: 30736827 PMCID: PMC6368820 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotropic virus-based tracers have been extensively applied in mapping and manipulation of neural circuits. However, their neurotropic and neurotoxic properties remain to be fully characterized. Methods Through neural circuit tracing, we systematically compared the neurotropism discrepancy among different multi-trans-synaptic and mono-synaptic retrograde viral tracers including pseudorabies virus (PRV), rabies virus (RV), and the newly engineered retro adeno-associated virus (rAAV2-retro) tracers. The (single-cell) RNA sequencing analysis was utilized for seeking possible attribution to neurotropism discrepancy and comparing cell toxicity caused by viral infection between glycoprotein-deleted RV (RV-∆G) and rAAV2-retro. Viral toxicity induced microglia activation and neuronal protein change were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Multi-trans-synaptic retrograde viral tracers, PRV and RV, exhibit differential neurotropism when they were used for central neural circuit tracing from popliteal lymph nodes. Mono-synaptic retrograde tracers, including RV-∆G and rAAV2-retro, displayed discrepant neurotropic property, when they were applied to trace the inputs of lateral hypothalamic area and medial preoptic nucleus. rAAV2-retro demonstrated preference in cerebral cortex, whereas RV-∆G prefers to label basal ganglia and hypothalamus. Remarkably, we detected a distinct preference for specific cortical layer of rAAV2-retro in layer 5 and RV-∆G in layer 6 when they were injected into dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to label corticothalamic neurons in primary visual cortex. Complementation of TVA receptor gene in RV-resistant neurons enabled EnvA-pseudotyped RV infection, supporting receptors attribution to viral neurotropism. Furthermore, both RV-∆G and rAAV2-retro exerted neurotoxic influence at the injection sites and retrogradely labeled sites, while the changes were more profound for RV-∆G infection. Finally, we demonstrated a proof-of-concept strategy for more comprehensive high-order circuit tracing of a specific target nucleus by combining rAAV2-retro, RV, and rAAV tracers. Conclusions Different multi-trans-synaptic and mono-synaptic retrograde viral tracers exhibited discrepant neurotropism within certain brain regions, even cortical layer preference. More neurotoxicity was observed under RV-∆G infection as compared with rAAV2-retro. By combining rAAV2-retro, RV, and rAAV tracers, high-order circuit tracing can be achieved. Our findings provide important reference for appropriate application of viral tracers to delineate the landscape and dissect the function of neural network. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-019-0308-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yajie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Keji Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinsong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanyan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weize Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Beili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kening Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Departments of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jinxia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Bio-Medical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Bio-Medical Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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20
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Mestre-Francés N, Serratrice N, Gennetier A, Devau G, Cobo S, Trouche SG, Fontès P, Zussy C, De Deurwaerdere P, Salinas S, Mennechet FJ, Dusonchet J, Schneider BL, Saggio I, Kalatzis V, Luquin-Piudo MR, Verdier JM, Kremer EJ. Exogenous LRRK2G2019S induces parkinsonian-like pathology in a nonhuman primate. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98202. [PMID: 30046008 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among the elderly. To understand its pathogenesis and to test therapies, animal models that faithfully reproduce key pathological PD hallmarks are needed. As a prelude to developing a model of PD, we tested the tropism, efficacy, biodistribution, and transcriptional effect of canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors in the brain of Microcebus murinus, a nonhuman primate that naturally develops neurodegenerative lesions. We show that introducing helper-dependent (HD) CAV-2 vectors results in long-term, neuron-specific expression at the injection site and in afferent nuclei. Although HD CAV-2 vector injection induced a modest transcriptional response, no significant adaptive immune response was generated. We then generated and tested HD CAV-2 vectors expressing leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and LRRK2 carrying a G2019S mutation (LRRK2G2019S), which is linked to sporadic and familial autosomal dominant forms of PD. We show that HD-LRRK2G2019S expression induced parkinsonian-like motor symptoms and histological features in less than 4 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Mestre-Francés
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, INSERM, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Serratrice
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Gennetier
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Gina Devau
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, INSERM, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandra Cobo
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, INSERM, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie G Trouche
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, INSERM, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascaline Fontès
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, INSERM, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | - Charleine Zussy
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sara Salinas
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Jd Mennechet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Dusonchet
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard L Schneider
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Vasiliki Kalatzis
- Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M Rosario Luquin-Piudo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neuroscience Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, INSERM, PSL University, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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21
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Falcicchia C, Simonato M, Verlengia G. New Tools for Epilepsy Therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:147. [PMID: 29896092 PMCID: PMC5986878 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One third of the epilepsies are refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and, therefore, identification of new therapies is highly needed. Here, we briefly describe two approaches, direct cell grafting and gene therapy, that may represent alternatives to conventional drugs for the treatment of focal epilepsies. In addition, we discuss more in detail some new tools, cell based-biodelivery systems (encapsulated cell biodelivery (ECB) devices) and new generation gene therapy vectors, which may help in the progress toward clinical translation. The field is advancing rapidly, and there is optimism that cell and/or gene therapy strategies will soon be ready for testing in drug-resistant epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Falcicchia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara and National Institute of Neuroscience, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara and National Institute of Neuroscience, Ferrara, Italy.,School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Verlengia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara and National Institute of Neuroscience, Ferrara, Italy.,School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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22
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O'Shea DJ, Kalanithi P, Ferenczi EA, Hsueh B, Chandrasekaran C, Goo W, Diester I, Ramakrishnan C, Kaufman MT, Ryu SI, Yeom KW, Deisseroth K, Shenoy KV. Development of an optogenetic toolkit for neural circuit dissection in squirrel monkeys. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6775. [PMID: 29712920 PMCID: PMC5928036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic tools have opened a rich experimental landscape for understanding neural function and disease. Here, we present the first validation of eight optogenetic constructs driven by recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and a WGA-Cre based dual injection strategy for projection targeting in a widely-used New World primate model, the common squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus. We observed opsin expression around the local injection site and in axonal projections to downstream regions, as well as transduction to thalamic neurons, resembling expression patterns observed in macaques. Optical stimulation drove strong, reliable excitatory responses in local neural populations for two depolarizing opsins in anesthetized monkeys. Finally, we observed continued, healthy opsin expression for at least one year. These data suggest that optogenetic tools can be readily applied in squirrel monkeys, an important first step in enabling precise, targeted manipulation of neural circuits in these highly trainable, cognitively sophisticated animals. In conjunction with similar approaches in macaques and marmosets, optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits in squirrel monkeys will provide functional, comparative insights into neural circuits which subserve dextrous motor control as well as other adaptive behaviors across the primate lineage. Additionally, development of these tools in squirrel monkeys, a well-established model system for several human neurological diseases, can aid in identifying novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J O'Shea
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Paul Kalanithi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Werapong Goo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ilka Diester
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Otophysiologie, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Matthew T Kaufman
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Stephen I Ryu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kristen W Yeom
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Krishna V Shenoy
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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23
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Abstract
Electrophysiological and cell imaging techniques are powerful tools for understanding alterations in neuronal activity in Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal neurological disorder caused by an expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT gene. Changes in neuronal activity often precede the behavioral manifestations of HD, therefore, understanding the electrophysiology of HD is critical for identifying potential prodromal markers and therapeutic targets. This chapter outlines the basic methodology behind four major electrophysiological and imaging techniques used in HD mouse models: patch clamp recordings, optogenetics, in vivo electrophysiology, and Ca2+ imaging, as well as some of the advancements in HD research using each of these techniques.
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Abstract
Researchers in behavioral neuroscience have long sought imaging techniques that can identify and distinguish neural ensembles that are activated by sequentially applied stimuli at single-cell resolution across the whole brain. Taking advantage of the different kinetics of immediate-early genes' mRNA and protein expression, we addressed this problem by developing tyramide-amplified immunohistochemistry-fluorescence in situ hybridization (TAI-FISH), a dual-epoch neural-activity-dependent labeling protocol. Here we describe the step-by-step procedures for TAI-FISH on brain sections from mice that were sequentially stimulated by morphine (appetitive first stimulus) and foot shock (aversive second stimulus). We exemplify our approach by FISH-labeling the neural ensembles that were activated by the second stimulus for the mRNA expression of c-fos, a well-established marker of neural activation. We labeled neuronal ensembles activated by the first stimulus using fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the c-fos protein. To further improve the temporal separation of the c-fos mRNA and protein signals, we provide instructions on how to enhance the protein signals using tyramide signal amplification (TSA). Compared with other dual-epoch labeling techniques, TAI-FISH provides better temporal separation of the activated neural ensembles and is better suited to investigation of whole-brain responses. TAI-FISH has been used to investigate neural activation patterns in response to appetitive and aversive stimuli, and we expect it to be more broadly utilized for visualizing brain responses to other types of stimuli, such as sensory stimuli or psychiatric drugs. From first stimulation to image analysis, TAI-FISH takes ∼9 d to complete.
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25
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Ecker JR, Geschwind DH, Kriegstein AR, Ngai J, Osten P, Polioudakis D, Regev A, Sestan N, Wickersham IR, Zeng H. The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Consortium: Lessons Learned toward Generating a Comprehensive Brain Cell Atlas. Neuron 2017; 96:542-557. [PMID: 29096072 PMCID: PMC5689454 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive characterization of neuronal cell types, their distributions, and patterns of connectivity is critical for understanding the properties of neural circuits and how they generate behaviors. Here we review the experiences of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Consortium, ten pilot projects funded by the U.S. BRAIN Initiative, in developing, validating, and scaling up emerging genomic and anatomical mapping technologies for creating a complete inventory of neuronal cell types and their connections in multiple species and during development. These projects lay the foundation for a larger and longer-term effort to generate whole-brain cell atlases in species including mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John Ngai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, QB3 Functional Genomics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Damon Polioudakis
- Program in Neurogenetics, Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Department of Biology, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genetics, Psychiatry and Comparative Medicine, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale Child Study Center, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ian R Wickersham
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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26
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Sharon D, Kamen A. Advancements in the design and scalable production of viral gene transfer vectors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:25-40. [PMID: 28941274 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The last 10 years have seen a rapid expansion in the use of viral gene transfer vectors, with approved therapies and late stage clinical trials underway for the treatment of genetic disorders, and multiple forms of cancer, as well as prevention of infectious diseases through vaccination. With this increased interest and widespread adoption of viral vectors by clinicians and biopharmaceutical industries, there is an imperative to engineer safer and more efficacious vectors, and develop robust, scalable and cost-effective production platforms for industrialization. This review will focus on major innovations in viral vector design and production systems for three of the most widely used viral vectors: Adenovirus, Adeno-Associated Virus, and Lentivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sharon
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Receptor Loss Impairs Adult Neurogenesis, Synapse Content, and Hippocampus Plasticity. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9558-71. [PMID: 27629708 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0132-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although we are beginning to understand the late stage of neurodegenerative diseases, the molecular defects associated with the initiation of impaired cognition are poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that in the adult brain, the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is located on neuron projections, at the presynapse in mature neurons, and on the soma of immature neurons in the hippocampus. In a proinflammatory or diseased environment, CAR is lost from immature neurons in the hippocampus. Strikingly, in hippocampi of patients at early stages of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), CAR levels are significantly reduced. Similarly, in triple-transgenic AD mice, CAR levels in hippocampi are low and further reduced after systemic inflammation. Genetic deletion of CAR from the mouse brain triggers deficits in adult neurogenesis and synapse homeostasis that lead to impaired hippocampal plasticity and cognitive deficits. We propose that post-translational CAR loss of function contributes to cognitive defects in healthy and diseased-primed brains. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study addressed the role of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), a single-pass cell adhesion molecule, in the adult brain. Our results demonstrate that CAR is expressed by mature neurons throughout the brain. In addition, we propose divergent roles for CAR in immature neurons, during neurogenesis, and at the mature synapse. Notably, CAR loss of function also affects hippocampal plasticity.
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28
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Kim CK, Ye L, Jennings JH, Pichamoorthy N, Tang DD, Yoo ACW, Ramakrishnan C, Deisseroth K. Molecular and Circuit-Dynamical Identification of Top-Down Neural Mechanisms for Restraint of Reward Seeking. Cell 2017; 170:1013-1027.e14. [PMID: 28823561 PMCID: PMC5729206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reward-seeking behavior is fundamental to survival, but suppression of this behavior can be essential as well, even for rewards of high value. In humans and rodents, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in suppressing reward seeking; however, despite vital significance in health and disease, the neural circuitry through which mPFC regulates reward seeking remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that a specific subset of superficial mPFC projections to a subfield of nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons naturally encodes the decision to initiate or suppress reward seeking when faced with risk of punishment. A highly resolved subpopulation of these top-down projecting neurons, identified by 2-photon Ca2+ imaging and activity-dependent labeling to recruit the relevant neurons, was found capable of suppressing reward seeking. This natural activity-resolved mPFC-to-NAc projection displayed unique molecular-genetic and microcircuit-level features concordant with a conserved role in the regulation of reward-seeking behavior, providing cellular and anatomical identifiers of behavioral and possible therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina K Kim
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Li Ye
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joshua H Jennings
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Daniel D Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ai-Chi W Yoo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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29
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Pseudo-typed Semliki Forest virus delivers EGFP into neurons. J Neurovirol 2016; 23:205-215. [PMID: 27739033 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Semliki Forest virus (SFV), a neurotropic virus, has been used to deliver heterologous genes into cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we constructed a reporter SFV4-FL-EGFP and found that it can deliver EGFP into neurons located at the injection site without disseminating throughout the brain. Lacking of the capsid gene of SFV4-FL-EGFP does not block its life cycle, while forming replication-competent virus-like particles (VLPs). These VLPs hold subviral genome by using the packaging sequence (PS) located within the nsP2 gene, and can transfer their genome into cells. In addition, we found that the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVG) can package SFV subviral genome, which is consistent with the previous reports. The G protein of rabies virus (RVG) could also package SFV subviral genome. These pseudo-typed SFV can deliver EGFP gene into neurons. Taken together, these findings may be used to construct various SFV-based delivery systems for virological studies, gene therapy, and neural circuit labeling.
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Abstract
Viral vectors have frequently been applied in gene therapy with the final goal of treating various diseases in the areas of neurology, neurodegeneration, metabolic disease, and cancer. Vectors have been engineered based on AAV, adenoviruses, alphaviruses, herpes simplex viruses, lentiviruses, and retroviruses. Some vectors are suitable for short-term episomal transgene expression, whereas others are integrated into the host cell genome to provide long-term expression. Additionally, hybrid vectors with favorable features from different viruses have been developed. Therapeutic genes of choice have typically been toxic genes such as thymidine kinase, pro-apoptotic genes like Bax, and immunostimulatory genes (for instance, interleukin-12). A large number of animal studies have demonstrated proof of concept of viral gene therapy. Many types of viral vectors have been employed in more than 700 clinical trials that have been carried out or are currently in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lundstrom
- Regulon Inc., Chemin des Croisettes 22, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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31
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Jia F, Zhu X, Xu F. A single adaptive point mutation in Japanese encephalitis virus capsid is sufficient to render the virus as a stable vector for gene delivery. Virology 2016; 490:109-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Manfredsson FP. Introduction to Viral Vectors and Other Delivery Methods for Gene Therapy of the Nervous System. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1382:3-18. [PMID: 26611575 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3271-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of gene therapy in neuroscience research has become common place in many laboratories across the world. However, contrary to common belief, the practical application of viral or non-viral gene therapy is not as straightforward as it may seem. All too often investigators see their experiments fail due to low-quality third-party vectors or due to a lack of knowledge regarding the proper use of these tools. For example, researchers often find themselves performing experiments using the wrong methodology (e.g., using the wrong type of vector or mishandling the vector to the point where the efficacy is significantly reduced) resulting in experiments that potentially fail to accurately answer a hypothesis, or the generation of irreproducible data. Thus, it is important for investigators that seek to utilize gene therapy approaches to gain a basic understanding of how to apply this technology. This includes understanding how to appropriately design and execute an experiment, understanding various delivery vehicles (e.g., what virus to use), delivery methods (e.g., systemic versus intracranial injections), what expression system to use, and the time course involved with a particular expression system. This chapter is intended to present an overview of this fundamental knowledge, providing the researcher with a decision tree upon which to build their gene therapy experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric P Manfredsson
- Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, 333 Bostwick Avenue NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503-2532, USA.
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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33
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Abstract
Many nonhuman adenoviruses (AdVs) of simian, bovine, porcine, canine, ovine, murine, and fowl origin are being developed as gene delivery systems for recombinant vaccines and gene therapy applications. In addition to circumventing preexisting human AdV (HAdV) immunity, nonhuman AdV vectors utilize coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor or other receptors for vector internalization, thereby expanding the range of cell types that can be targeted. Nonhuman AdV vectors also provide excellent platforms for veterinary vaccines. A specific nonhuman AdV vector when used in its species of origin could provide an excellent animal model for evaluating the vector efficacy and pathogenesis. These vectors are useful in prime–boost approaches with other AdV vectors or with other gene delivery systems including DNA immunization and viral or bacterial vectors. When multiple vector inoculations are required, nonhuman AdV vectors could supplement HAdV or other viral vectors.
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34
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Loustalot F, Kremer EJ, Salinas S. Membrane Dynamics and Signaling of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 322:331-62. [PMID: 26940522 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and acts as a receptor for some adenovirus types and group B coxsackieviruses. Its role is best described in epithelia where CAR participates to tight junction integrity and maintenance. Recently, several studies aimed to characterize its potential interaction with intracellular signaling pathways and highlighted several features linking CAR to gene expression. In addition, the molecular mechanisms leading to CAR-specific membrane targeting via the secretory pathway in polarized cells and its internalization are starting to be unraveled. This chapter discusses the interaction between membrane dynamics, intracellular trafficking, and signaling of CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Loustalot
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Sara Salinas
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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35
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Development of Novel Adenoviral Vectors to Overcome Challenges Observed With HAdV-5-based Constructs. Mol Ther 2015; 24:6-16. [PMID: 26478249 PMCID: PMC4754553 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant vectors based on human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-5) have been extensively studied in preclinical models and clinical trials over the past two decades. However, the thorough understanding of the HAdV-5 interaction with human subjects has uncovered major concerns about its product applicability. High vector-associated toxicity and widespread preexisting immunity have been shown to significantly impede the effectiveness of HAdV-5–mediated gene transfer. It is therefore that the in-depth knowledge attained working on HAdV-5 is currently being used to develop alternative vectors. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of data obtained in recent years disqualifying the HAdV-5 vector for systemic gene delivery as well as novel strategies being pursued to overcome the limitations observed with particular emphasis on the ongoing vectorization efforts to obtain vectors based on alternative serotypes.
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36
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Junyent F, Kremer EJ. CAV-2--why a canine virus is a neurobiologist's best friend. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 24:86-93. [PMID: 26298516 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors are powerful tools for fundamental and applied neurobiology due to their negligible immunogenicity, preferential transduction of neurons, widespread distribution via axonal transport, and duration of expression in the mammalian brain. CAV-2 vectors are internalized in neurons by the selective use of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), which is located at the presynapse in neurons. Neuronal internalization and axonal transport is mediated by CAR, which potentiates vector biodistribution. The above characteristics, together with the ∼30kb cloning capacity of helper-dependent (HD) CAV-2 vectors, optimized CAV-2 vector creation, production and purification, is expanding the therapeutic and fundamental options for CNS gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Junyent
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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37
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Simão D, Pinto C, Fernandes P, Peddie CJ, Piersanti S, Collinson LM, Salinas S, Saggio I, Schiavo G, Kremer EJ, Brito C, Alves PM. Evaluation of helper-dependent canine adenovirus vectors in a 3D human CNS model. Gene Ther 2015; 23:86-94. [PMID: 26181626 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising approach with enormous potential for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Viral vectors derived from canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) present attractive features for gene delivery strategies in the human brain, by preferentially transducing neurons, are capable of efficient axonal transport to afferent brain structures, have a 30-kb cloning capacity and have low innate and induced immunogenicity in preclinical tests. For clinical translation, in-depth preclinical evaluation of efficacy and safety in a human setting is primordial. Stem cell-derived human neural cells have a great potential as complementary tools by bridging the gap between animal models, which often diverge considerably from human phenotype, and clinical trials. Herein, we explore helper-dependent CAV-2 (hd-CAV-2) efficacy and safety for gene delivery in a human stem cell-derived 3D neural in vitro model. Assessment of hd-CAV-2 vector efficacy was performed at different multiplicities of infection, by evaluating transgene expression and impact on cell viability, ultrastructural cellular organization and neuronal gene expression. Under optimized conditions, hd-CAV-2 transduction led to stable long-term transgene expression with minimal toxicity. hd-CAV-2 preferentially transduced neurons, whereas human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5) showed increased tropism toward glial cells. This work demonstrates, in a physiologically relevant 3D model, that hd-CAV-2 vectors are efficient tools for gene delivery to human neurons, with stable long-term transgene expression and minimal cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Simão
- iBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C Pinto
- iBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - P Fernandes
- iBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C J Peddie
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, UK
| | - S Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - L M Collinson
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London, UK
| | - S Salinas
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Saggio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - G Schiavo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - E J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Brito
- iBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - P M Alves
- iBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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38
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Piersanti S, Burla R, Licursi V, Brito C, La Torre M, Alves PM, Simao D, Mottini C, Salinas S, Negri R, Tagliafico E, Kremer EJ, Saggio I. Transcriptional Response of Human Neurospheres to Helper-Dependent CAV-2 Vectors Involves the Modulation of DNA Damage Response, Microtubule and Centromere Gene Groups. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26207738 PMCID: PMC4514711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain gene transfer using viral vectors will likely become a therapeutic option for several disorders. Helper-dependent (HD) canine adenovirus type 2 vectors (CAV-2) are well suited for this goal. These vectors are poorly immunogenic, efficiently transduce neurons, are retrogradely transported to afferent structures in the brain and lead to long-term transgene expression. CAV-2 vectors are being exploited to unravel behavior, cognition, neural networks, axonal transport and therapy for orphan diseases. With the goal of better understanding and characterizing HD-CAV-2 for brain therapy, we analyzed the transcriptomic modulation induced by HD-CAV-2 in human differentiated neurospheres derived from midbrain progenitors. This 3D model system mimics several aspects of the dynamic nature of human brain. We found that differentiated neurospheres are readily transduced by HD-CAV-2 and that transduction generates two main transcriptional responses: a DNA damage response and alteration of centromeric and microtubule probes. Future investigations on the biochemistry of processes highlighted by probe modulations will help defining the implication of HD-CAV-2 and CAR receptor binding in enchaining these functional pathways. We suggest here that the modulation of DNA damage genes is related to viral DNA, while the alteration of centromeric and microtubule probes is possibly enchained by the interaction of the HD-CAV-2 fibre with CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Piersanti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Burla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780–901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780–157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mattia La Torre
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paula M. Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780–901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780–157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniel Simao
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780–901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780–157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carla Mottini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Salinas
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eric J. Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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40
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Canine helper-dependent vectors production: implications of Cre activity and co-infection on adenovirus propagation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9135. [PMID: 25774853 PMCID: PMC4360735 DOI: 10.1038/srep09135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Cre recombinase to minimize helper vector (HV) contamination during helper-dependent adenovirus vectors (HDVs) production is well documented. However, Cre recombinase, by inducing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), can cause a reduced proliferation and genotoxic effects in cultured cells. In this work, Cre-expressing cell stability, co-infection and their relation to adenovirus amplification/HV contamination were evaluated to develop a production protocol for HD canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors. Long-term Cre expression reduced the capacity of MDCK-E1-Cre cells to produce CAV-2 by 7-fold, although cell growth was maintained. High HDV/HV MOI ratio (5:0.1) led to low HV contamination without compromising HDV yields. Indeed, such MOI ratio was sufficient to reduce HV levels, as these were similar either in MDCK-E1 or MDCK-E1-Cre cells. This raises the possibility of producing HDVs without Cre-expressing cells, which would circumvent the negative effects that this recombinase holds to the production system. Here, we show how Cre and MOI ratio impact adenovirus vectors yields and infectivity, providing key-information to design an improved manufacturing of HDV. Potential mechanisms to explain how Cre is specifically impacting cell productivity without critically compromising its growth are presented.
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Human coagulation factor X-adenovirus type 5 complexes poorly stimulate an innate immune response in human mononuclear phagocytes. J Virol 2014; 89:2884-91. [PMID: 25540380 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03576-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED One of the first lines of host defense against many viruses in vertebrates is the innate immune system, which detects pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) using pathogen recognition receptors (PRR). The dynamic interactions between pathogens and hosts create, in some cases, species-specific relationships. Recently, it was shown that murine factor X (mFX)-armored human adenovirus (HAd) stimulated a mFX-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-associated response in mouse macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Given the importance of studies using animals to better understand host-pathogen interactions, we asked if human FX (hFX)-armored HAd type 5 (HAd5) was capable of activating innate immune sensors in primary human mononuclear phagocytes. To this end, we assayed human mononuclear phagocytes for their ability to be stimulated by hFX-armored HAd5 via a TLR/NF-κB pathway, in particular, a TLR4 pathway. In our hands, we found no significant interaction, activation, or maturation of human mononuclear phagocytes caused by the presence of hFX-armored HAd5. IMPORTANCE Animals, and mice in particular, are often used as informative and powerful surrogates for how pathogens interact with natural host systems. When possible, extended and targeted studies in the natural host can then be performed. Our data will help us understand the differences in preclinical testing in mice and clinical use in humans in order to improve treatment for HAd diseases and Ad vector effectiveness.
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Fernandes P, Simão D, Guerreiro MR, Kremer EJ, Coroadinha AS, Alves PM. Impact of adenovirus life cycle progression on the generation of canine helper-dependent vectors. Gene Ther 2014; 22:40-9. [PMID: 25338917 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Helper-dependent adenovirus vectors (HDVs) are safe and efficient tools for gene transfer with high cloning capacity. However, the multiple amplification steps needed to produce HDVs hamper a robust production process and in turn the availability of high-quality vectors. To understand the factors behind the low productivity, we analyzed the progression of HDV life cycle. Canine adenovirus (Ad) type 2 vectors, holding attractive features to overcome immunogenic concerns and treat neurobiological disorders, were the focus of this work. When compared with E1-deleted (ΔE1) vectors, we found a faster helper genome replication during HDV production. This was consistent with an upregulation of the Ad polymerase and pre-terminal protein and led to higher and earlier expression of structural proteins. Although genome packaging occurred similarly to ΔE1 vectors, more immature capsids were obtained during HDV production, which led to a ~4-fold increase in physical-to-infectious particles ratio. The higher viral protein content in HDV-producing cells was also consistent with an increased activation of autophagy and cell death, in which earlier cell death compromised volumetric productivity. The increased empty capsids and earlier cell death found in HDV production may partially contribute to the lower vector infectivity. However, an HDV-specific factor responsible for a defective maturation process should be also involved to fully explain the low infectious titers. This study showed how a deregulated Ad cycle progression affected cell line homeostasis and HDV propagation, highlighting the impact of vector genome design on virus-cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fernandes
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - D Simão
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M R Guerreiro
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - E J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS-Universities of Montpellier I and II, Montpellier, France
| | - A S Coroadinha
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - P M Alves
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Oyibo HK, Znamenskiy P, Oviedo HV, Enquist LW, Zador AM. Long-term Cre-mediated retrograde tagging of neurons using a novel recombinant pseudorabies virus. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:86. [PMID: 25232307 PMCID: PMC4153299 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain regions contain diverse populations of neurons that project to different long-range targets. The study of these subpopulations in circuit function and behavior requires a toolkit to characterize and manipulate their activity in vivo. We have developed a novel set of reagents based on Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) for efficient and long-term genetic tagging of neurons based on their projection targets. By deleting IE180, the master transcriptional regulator in the PRV genome, we have produced a mutant virus capable of infection and transgene expression in neurons but unable to replicate in or spread from those neurons. IE180-null mutants showed no cytotoxicity, and infected neurons exhibited normal physiological function more than 45 days after infection, indicating the utility of these engineered viruses for chronic experiments. To enable rapid and convenient construction of novel IE180-null recombinants, we engineered a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) shuttle-vector system for moving new constructs into the PRV IE180-null genome. Using this system we generated an IE180-null recombinant virus expressing the site-specific recombinase Cre. This Cre-expressing virus (PRV-hSyn-Cre) efficiently and robustly infects neurons in vivo and activates transgene expression from Cre-dependent vectors in local and retrograde projecting populations of neurons in the mouse. We also generated an assortment of recombinant viruses expressing fluorescent proteins (mCherry, EGFP, ECFP). These viruses exhibit long-term labeling of neurons in vitro but transient labeling in vivo. Together these novel IE180-null PRV reagents expand the toolkit for targeted gene expression in the brain, facilitating functional dissection of neuronal circuits in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassana K Oyibo
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA ; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Znamenskiy
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA ; Biozentrum, University of Basel Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hysell V Oviedo
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA ; Department of Biology, City College of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynn W Enquist
- Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Anthony M Zador
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA
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Lewis TB, Glasgow JN, Harms AS, Standaert DG, Curiel DT. Fiber-modified adenovirus for central nervous system Parkinson's disease gene therapy. Viruses 2014; 6:3293-310. [PMID: 25196484 PMCID: PMC4147696 DOI: 10.3390/v6083293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-based therapies for neurological diseases continue to develop briskly. As disease mechanisms are elucidated, flexible gene delivery platforms incorporating transcriptional regulatory elements, therapeutic genes and targeted delivery are required for the safety and efficacy of these approaches. Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-based vectors can carry large genetic payloads to provide this flexibility, but do not transduce neuronal cells efficiently. To address this, we have developed a tropism-modified Ad5 vector with neuron-selective targeting properties for evaluation in models of Parkinson disease therapy. A panel of tropism-modified Ad5 vectors was screened for enhanced gene delivery in a neuroblastoma cell line model system. We used these observations to design and construct an unbiased Ad vector platform, consisting of an unmodified Ad5 and a tropism-modified Ad5 vector containing the fiber knob domain from canine Ad serotype 2 (Ad5-CGW-CK2). Delivery to the substantia nigra or striatum showed that this vector produced a neuronally-restricted pattern of gene expression. Many of the transduced neurons were from regions with afferent projections to the injection site, implicating that the vector binds the presynaptic terminal resulting in presynaptic transduction. We show that Ad5-CGW-CK2 can selectively transduce neurons in the brain and hypothesize that this modular platform is potentially adaptable to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B Lewis
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Joel N Glasgow
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Ashley S Harms
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - David G Standaert
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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Serratrice N, Cubizolle A, Ibanes S, Mestre-Francés N, Bayo-Puxan N, Creyssels S, Gennetier A, Bernex F, Verdier JM, Haskins ME, Couderc G, Malecaze F, Kalatzis V, Kremer EJ. Corrective GUSB transfer to the canine mucopolysaccharidosis VII cornea using a helper-dependent canine adenovirus vector. J Control Release 2014; 181:22-31. [PMID: 24607662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Corneal transparency is maintained, in part, by specialized fibroblasts called keratocytes, which reside in the fibrous lamellae of the stroma. Corneal clouding, a condition that impairs visual acuity, is associated with numerous diseases, including mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type VII. MPS VII is due to deficiency in β-glucuronidase (β-glu) enzymatic activity, which leads to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and secondary accumulation of gangliosides. Here, we tested the efficacy of canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors to transduce keratocyte in vivo in mice and nonhuman primates, and ex vivo in dog and human corneal explants. Following efficacy studies, we asked if we could treat corneal clouding by the injection a helper-dependent (HD) CAV-2 vector (HD-RIGIE) harboring the human cDNA coding for β-glu (GUSB) in the canine MPS VII cornea. β-Glu activity, GAG content, and lysosome morphology and physiopathology were analyzed. We found that HD-RIGIE injections efficiently transduced coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor-expressing keratocytes in the four species and, compared to mock-injected controls, improved the pathology in the canine MPS VII cornea. The key criterion to corrective therapy was the steady controlled release of β-glu and its diffusion throughout the collagen-dense stroma. These data support the continued evaluation of HD CAV-2 vectors to treat diseases affecting corneal keratocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Serratrice
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier I, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurelie Cubizolle
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier I, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandy Ibanes
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier I, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadine Mestre-Francés
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France; Inserm U710, Montpellier, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Neus Bayo-Puxan
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier I, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Creyssels
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier I, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurelie Gennetier
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier I, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Bernex
- Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Inserm U896, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France; Inserm U710, Montpellier, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Mark E Haskins
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guilhem Couderc
- Tissue Bank, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francois Malecaze
- Inserm U563, Toulouse, France; Departement d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Vasiliki Kalatzis
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier I, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier I, Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France.
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Ariza L, Giménez-Llort L, Cubizolle A, Pagès G, García-Lareu B, Serratrice N, Cots D, Thwaite R, Chillón M, Kremer EJ, Bosch A. Central nervous system delivery of helper-dependent canine adenovirus corrects neuropathology and behavior in mucopolysaccharidosis type VII mice. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:199-211. [PMID: 24299455 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 2 vectors (CAV-2) are promising tools to treat global central nervous system (CNS) disorders because of their preferential transduction of neurons and efficient retrograde axonal transport. Here we tested the potential of a helper-dependent CAV-2 vector expressing β-glucuronidase (HD-RIGIE) in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII), a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency in β-glucuronidase activity. MPS VII leads to glycosaminoglycan accumulation into enlarged vesicles in peripheral tissues and the CNS, resulting in peripheral and neuronal dysfunction. After intracranial administration of HD-RIGIE, we show long-term expression of β-glucuronidase that led to correction of neuropathology around the injection site and in distal areas. This phenotypic correction correlated with a decrease in secondary-elevated lysosomal enzyme activity and glycosaminoglycan levels, consistent with global biochemical correction. Moreover, HD-RIGIE-treated mice show significant cognitive improvement. Thus, injections of HD-CAV-2 vectors in the brain allow a global and sustained expression and may have implications for brain therapy in patients with lysosomal storage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ariza
- 1 Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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47
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Corrective GUSB transfer to the canine mucopolysaccharidosis VII brain. Mol Ther 2013; 22:762-73. [PMID: 24343103 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe deficiency in lysosomal β-glucuronidase (β-glu) enzymatic activity results in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII, an orphan disease with symptoms often appearing in early childhood. Symptoms are variable, but many patients have multiple organ disorders including neurological defects. At the cellular level, deficiency in β-glu activity leads to abnormal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and secondary accumulation of GM2 and GM3 gangliosides, which have been linked to neuroinflammation. There have been encouraging gene transfer studies in the MPS VII mouse brain, but this is the first study attempting the correction of the >200-fold larger and challenging canine MPS VII brain. Here, the efficacy of a helper-dependent (HD) canine adenovirus (CAV-2) vector harboring a human GUSB expression cassette (HD-RIGIE) in the MPS VII dog brain was tested. Vector genomes, β-glu activity, GAG content, lysosome morphology and neuropathology were analyzed and quantified. Our data demonstrated that CAV-2 vectors preferentially transduced neurons and axonal retrograde transport from the injection site to efferent regions was efficient. HD-RIGIE injections, associated with mild and transient immunosuppression, corrected neuropathology in injected and noninjected structures throughout the cerebrum. These data support the clinical evaluation of HD CAV-2 vectors to treat the neurological defects associated with MPS VII and possibly other neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases.
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48
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Szelechowski M, Bergeron C, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Klonjkowski B. Production and purification of non replicative canine adenovirus type 2 derived vectors. J Vis Exp 2013:50833. [PMID: 24326926 DOI: 10.3791/50833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) derived vectors have been widely used for short or long-term gene transfer, both for gene therapy and vaccine applications. Because of the frequent pre-existing immunity against the classically used human adenovirus type 5, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2) has been proposed as an alternative vector for human gene transfer. The well-characterized biology of CAV2, together with its ease of genetic manipulation, offer major advantages, notably for gene transfer into the central nervous system, or for inducing a wide range of protective immune responses, from humoral to cellular immunity. Nowadays, CAV2 represents one of the most appealing nonhuman adenovirus for use as a vaccine vector. This protocol describes a simple method to construct, produce and titer recombinant CAV2 vectors. After cloning the expression cassette of the gene of interest into a shuttle plasmid, the recombinant genomic plasmid is obtained by homologous recombination in the E. coli BJ5183 bacterial strain. The resulting genomic plasmid is then transfected into canine kidney cells expressing the complementing CAV2-E1 genes (DK-E1). A viral amplification enables the production of a large viral stock, which is purified by ultracentrifugation through cesium chloride gradients and desalted by dialysis. The resulting viral suspension routinely has a titer of over 10(10) infectious particles per ml and can be directly administrated in vivo.
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49
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Piersanti S, Tagliafico E, Saggio I. DNA microarray to analyze adenovirus-host interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1089:89-104. [PMID: 24132480 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-679-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Defining the molecular toxicity of viral vectors that are or will be in use for clinical trials is a prerequisite for their safe application in humans. DNA chips allow high-throughput evaluation of the profile of transduced cells and have contributed to underlining specific aspects of vector toxicity both in in vitro and in vivo assets. With gene chips we have been able to identify vector-specific properties, such as the cell cycle alteration induced by vector genomic DNA, along with the activation of specific innate immune pathways that can be ascribed to viral particles. We herein describe a detailed protocol for the use of gene chips to dissect the toxicogenomic signature of human and canine helper-dependent adenoviral vectors. We suggest specific procedures suited for the study of these viral vectors, but we also give indications that can be applied to different experimental contexts. In addition, we discuss the in silico elaboration of gene chip raw data which is a crucial step to extrapolate biological information from gene chip studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
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50
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Soden ME, Gore BB, Zweifel LS. Defining functional gene-circuit interfaces in the mouse nervous system. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 13:2-12. [PMID: 24007626 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexity in the nervous system is established by developmental genetic programs, maintained by differential genetic profiles and sculpted by experiential and environmental influence over gene expression. Determining how specific genes define neuronal phenotypes, shape circuit connectivity and regulate circuit function is essential for understanding how the brain processes information, directs behavior and adapts to changing environments. Mouse genetics has contributed greatly to current percepts of gene-circuit interfaces in behavior, but considerable work remains. Large-scale initiatives to map gene expression and connectivity in the brain, together with advanced techniques in molecular genetics, now allow detailed exploration of the genetic basis of nervous system function at the level of specific circuit connections. In this review, we highlight several key advances for defining the function of specific genes within a neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Soden
- Department of Pharmacology; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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