1
|
Bernava G, Iop L. Advances in the design, generation, and application of tissue-engineered myocardial equivalents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1247572. [PMID: 37811368 PMCID: PMC10559975 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1247572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited regenerative ability of cardiomyocytes, the disabling irreversible condition of myocardial failure can only be treated with conservative and temporary therapeutic approaches, not able to repair the damage directly, or with organ transplantation. Among the regenerative strategies, intramyocardial cell injection or intravascular cell infusion should attenuate damage to the myocardium and reduce the risk of heart failure. However, these cell delivery-based therapies suffer from significant drawbacks and have a low success rate. Indeed, cardiac tissue engineering efforts are directed to repair, replace, and regenerate native myocardial tissue function. In a regenerative strategy, biomaterials and biomimetic stimuli play a key role in promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and neo-tissue formation. Thus, appropriate biochemical and biophysical cues should be combined with scaffolds emulating extracellular matrix in order to support cell growth and prompt favorable cardiac microenvironment and tissue regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of recent developments that occurred in the biomimetic design and fabrication of cardiac scaffolds and patches. Furthermore, we sift in vitro and in situ strategies in several preclinical and clinical applications. Finally, we evaluate the possible use of bioengineered cardiac tissue equivalents as in vitro models for disease studies and drug tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua Medical School, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hendrickson T, Mancino C, Whitney L, Tsao C, Rahimi M, Taraballi F. Mimicking cardiac tissue complexity through physical cues: A review on cardiac tissue engineering approaches. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102367. [PMID: 33549819 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the number one killer in the world.1,2 Currently, there are no clinical treatments to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue, leaving patients to develop further life-threatening cardiac complications. Cardiac tissue has multiple functional demands including vascularization, contraction, and conduction that require many synergic components to properly work. Most of these functions are a direct result of the cardiac tissue structure and composition, and, for this reason, tissue engineering strongly proposed to develop substitute engineered heart tissues (EHTs). EHTs usually have combined pluripotent stem cells and supporting scaffolds with the final aim to repair or replace the damaged native tissue. However, as simple as this idea is, indeed, it resulted, after many attempts in the field, to be very challenging. Without design complexity, EHTs remain unable to mature fully and integrate into surrounding heart tissue resulting in minimal in vivo effects.3 Lately, there has been a growing body of evidence that a complex, multifunctional approach through implementing scaffold designs, cellularization, and molecular release appears to be essential in the development of a functional cardiac EHTs.4-6 This review covers the advancements in EHTs developments focusing on how to integrate contraction, conduction, and vascularization mimics and how combinations have resulted in improved designs thus warranting further investigation to develop a clinically applicable treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troy Hendrickson
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Texas A&M MD/PhD Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chiara Mancino
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, (MI), Italy
| | - Lauren Whitney
- Texas A&M Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chris Tsao
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maham Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tchobanian A, Ceyssens F, Cóndor Salgado M, Van Oosterwyck H, Fardim P. Patterned dextran ester films as a tailorable cell culture platform. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117183. [PMID: 33183630 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of cell-surface interactions and the development of model platforms to help uncover their underlying mechanisms remains vital to the design of effective biomaterials. To this end, dextran palmitates with varying degrees of substitution were synthesised with a multipurpose functionality: an ability to modulate surface energy through surface chemistry, and an ideal thermal behaviour for patterning. Herein, dextran palmitate films are produced by spin coating, and patterned by thermal nanoimprint lithography with nano-to-microscale topographies. These films of moderately hydrophobic polysaccharide esters with low nanoscale roughness performed as well as fibronectin coatings in the culture of bovine aortic endothelial cells. Upon patterning, they display distinct regions of roughness, restricting cell adhesion to the smoothest surfaces, while guiding multicellular arrangements in the patterned topographies. The development of biomaterial interfaces through topochemical fabrication such as this could prove useful in understanding protein and cell-surface interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Tchobanian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Ceyssens
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT-MICAS, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Mar Cóndor Salgado
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Hans Van Oosterwyck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - bus 813, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pedro Fardim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Royer C, Guay‐Bégin A, Chanseau C, Chevallier P, Bordenave L, Laroche G, Durrieu M. Bioactive micropatterning of biomaterials for induction of endothelial progenitor cell differentiation: Acceleration of in situ endothelialization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1479-1492. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Royer
- Univ. BordeauxChimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano‐Objets (UMR5248 CBMN) Pessac France
- CNRSCBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
- Bordeaux INPCBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de SurfaceCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Hôpital Saint‐François d'Assise Québec Quebec Canada
- Département de génie des minesde la métallurgie et des matériaux, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés Québec Quebec Canada
| | - Andrée‐Anne Guay‐Bégin
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de SurfaceCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Hôpital Saint‐François d'Assise Québec Quebec Canada
| | | | - Pascale Chevallier
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de SurfaceCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Hôpital Saint‐François d'Assise Québec Quebec Canada
- Département de génie des minesde la métallurgie et des matériaux, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés Québec Quebec Canada
| | | | - Gaétan Laroche
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de SurfaceCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Hôpital Saint‐François d'Assise Québec Quebec Canada
- Département de génie des minesde la métallurgie et des matériaux, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés Québec Quebec Canada
| | - Marie‐Christine Durrieu
- Univ. BordeauxChimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano‐Objets (UMR5248 CBMN) Pessac France
- CNRSCBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
- Bordeaux INPCBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jayasinghe HG, Madihally SV, Vasquez Y. Formation of Stem Cell Aggregates and Their Differentiation on Surface-Patterned Hydrogels Based on Poly(2-hydroxyethyl Methacrylate). ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4911-4921. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasani G. Jayasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences I, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Sundararajan V. Madihally
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, EN 420, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Yolanda Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences I, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Influence of Micropatterned Silk Fibroin Films on Human Umbilical Endothelial Cell Behaviors. J Med Biol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Shen HY, Hai X, Chen XW, Wang JH. Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Polymer-Caged Silver Nanoparticle as a Smart Colorimetric Probe for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide. Anal Chem 2016; 89:1346-1352. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical
Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Hui-Yan Shen
- Research Center for Analytical
Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Xin Hai
- Research Center for Analytical
Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Xu-Wei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical
Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical
Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liberski A, Ayad N, Wojciechowska D, Zielińska D, Struszczyk MH, Latif N, Yacoub M. Knitting for heart valve tissue engineering. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2016; 2016:e201631. [PMID: 29043276 PMCID: PMC5642840 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Knitting is a versatile technology which offers a large portfolio of products and solutions of interest in heart valve (HV) tissue engineering (TE). One of the main advantages of knitting is its ability to construct complex shapes and structures by precisely assembling the yarns in the desired position. With this in mind, knitting could be employed to construct a HV scaffold that closely resembles the authentic valve. This has the potential to reproduce the anisotropic structure that is characteristic of the heart valve with the yarns, in particular the 3-layered architecture of the leaflets. These yarns can provide oriented growth of cells lengthwise and consequently enable the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in an oriented manner. This technique, therefore, has a potential to provide a functional knitted scaffold, but to achieve that textile engineers need to gain a basic understanding of structural and mechanical aspects of the heart valve and in addition, tissue engineers must acquire the knowledge of tools and capacities that are essential in knitting technology. The aim of this review is to provide a platform to consolidate these two fields as well as to enable an efficient communication and cooperation among these two research areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Liberski
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nadia Ayad
- Mechanical Engineering and Material Science Department, Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dorota Wojciechowska
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, ul. Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Institute of Security Technologies "Moratex" 3 M, Skłodowskiej-Curie Street 90-505 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin H Struszczyk
- Institute of Security Technologies "Moratex" 3 M, Skłodowskiej-Curie Street 90-505 Lodz, Poland
| | - Najma Latif
- Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, UK
| | - Magdi Yacoub
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liberski AR, Raynaud CM, Ayad N, Wojciechowska D, Sathappan A. Valve Tissue Engineering with Living Absorbable Threads. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [PMID: 27615551 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) depends on the population of scaffolds with appropriate cells, arranged in a specific physiological direction using a variety of techniques. Here, a novel technique of creating "living threads" is described based on thin (poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers of different diameters (23-243 μm). The fibers readily attract human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are firmly adhered. These versatile fibers can be used to produce dimensional shapes identical in shape to the cup-like structure of a normal human valve, while preserving the specific orientation of both the cells and the fibers. The MSCs on leaflets and the cells cultured in flask shown similar epitopes expression when analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Together, these characteristics have important functional implications as living absorbable fibers can be a valuable resource in TE of living tissues, including heart valves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadia Ayad
- Mechanical Engineering and Material Science Department, Military Institute of Engineering (IME), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22291-270, Brazil
| | - Dorota Wojciechowska
- Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muñiz Maisonet M, Elineni KK, Toomey RG, Gallant ND. Combining Nonadhesive Materials into Microstructured Composite Surfaces Induces Cell Adhesion and Spreading. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:1163-1173. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Muñiz Maisonet
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Kranthi Kumar Elineni
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Ryan G. Toomey
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Nathan D. Gallant
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sarker M, Chen X, Schreyer D. Experimental approaches to vascularisation within tissue engineering constructs. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:683-734. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1059018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
12
|
Peterat G, Lladó Maldonado S, Edlich A, Rasch D, Dietzel A, Krull R. Bioreaktionstechnik in mikrofluidischen Reaktoren. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201400176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Gengec NA, Gulsuner HU, Erbil HY, Tekinay AB. Selective adsorption of L1210 leukemia cells/human leukocytes on micropatterned surfaces prepared from polystyrene/polypropylene-polyethylene blends. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 113:403-11. [PMID: 24135453 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to prepare polymeric surfaces which will adsorb L1210 leukemia cells selectively more than that of healthy human leukocytes in order to develop new treatment options for people with leukemia. Chemically heterogeneous and micropatterned surfaces were formed on round glass slides by dip coating with accompanying phase-separation process where only commercial polymers were used. Surface properties were determined by using optical microscopy, 3D profilometry, SEM and measuring contact angles. Polymer, solvent/nonsolvent types, blend composition and temperature were found to be effective in controlling the dimensions of surface microislands. MTT tests were applied for cell viability performance of these surfaces. Polystyrene/polyethylene-polypropylene blend surfaces were found to show considerable positive selectivity to L1210 leukemia cells where L1210/healthy leukocytes adsorption ratio approached to 9-fold in vitro. Effects of wettability, surface free energy, microisland size geometry on the adsorption performances of L1210/leukocytes pairs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Atalay Gengec
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hilal Unal Gulsuner
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Yildirim Erbil
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Begum Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Otsuka H, Sasaki K, Okimura S, Nagamura M, Nakasone Y. Micropatterned co-culture of hepatocyte spheroids layered on non-parenchymal cells to understand heterotypic cellular interactions. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2013; 14:065003. [PMID: 27877623 PMCID: PMC5090304 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/6/065003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Microfabrication and micropatterning techniques in tissue engineering offer great potential for creating and controlling cellular microenvironments including cell-matrix interactions, soluble stimuli and cell-cell interactions. Here, we present a novel approach to generate layered patterning of hepatocyte spheroids on micropatterned non-parenchymal feeder cells using microfabricated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. Micropatterned PEG-hydrogel-treated substrates with two-dimensional arrays of gelatin circular domains (ϕ = 100 μm) were prepared by photolithographic method. Only on the critical structure of PEG hydrogel with perfect protein rejection, hepatocytes were co-cultured with non-parenchymal cells to be led to enhanced hepatocyte functions. Then, we investigated the mechanism of the functional enhancement in co-culture with respect to the contributions of soluble factors and direct cell-cell interactions. In particular, to elucidate the influence of soluble factors on hepatocyte function, hepatocyte spheroids underlaid with fibroblasts (NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts) or endothelial cells (BAECs: bovine aortic endothelial cells) were compared with physically separated co-culture of hepatocyte monospheroids with NIH3T3 or BAEC using trans-well culture systems. Our results suggested that direct heterotypic cell-to-cell contact and soluble factors, both of these between hepatocytes and fibroblasts, significantly enhanced hepatocyte functions. In contrast, direct heterotypic cell-to-cell contact between hepatocytes and endothelial cells only contributed to enhance hepatocyte functions. This patterning technique can be a useful experimental tool for applications in basic science, drug screening and tissue engineering, as well as in the design of artificial liver devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Otsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Chemical Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kohei Sasaki
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Chemical Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Saya Okimura
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Chemical Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masako Nagamura
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Chemical Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakasone
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Chemical Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moers K, Steinberg T, Schlunck G, Reinhard T, Tomakidi P, Eberwein P. Substrate elasticity as biomechanical modulator of tissue homeostatic parameters in corneal keratinocytes. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1889-1901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
17
|
Ko YG, Co CC, Ho CC. Gradient-free directional cell migration in continuous microchannels. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:2467-2474. [PMID: 24533031 PMCID: PMC3921693 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm27567h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Directing cell movements within 3D channels is a key challenge in biomedical devices and tissue engineering. In two dimensions, closely spaced arrays of asymmetric teardrop islands can intermittently polarize cells and sustain their autonomous directional migration with no gradients. However, in 3D microchannels composed of linearly connected teardrop segments, negligibly low directional bias is observed. Rather than adopt teardrop shapes, cells evade morphological polarization by spreading across multiple teardrop segments, only partly filling each. We demonstrate here that cells can be forced to adopt the shape of individual segments by connecting the segments at an angle to minimize cell spreading across multiple segments. The resulting rhythmic polarization leads to significant directional bias for NIH3T3 fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and even cells whose intracellular signalling have been purposely altered to affect lamellipodia extension (Rac1) and cell polarity (Cdc42). This gradient-free approach to directing cell migration in 3D microchannels may find significant applications in tissue scaffolds and cell on a chip devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gwang Ko
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH45221, USA. Fax: 1 513 556 3473; Tel: 1 513 556 2438
| | - Carlos C. Co
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH45221, USA. Fax: 1 513 556 3473; Tel: 1 513 556 2438
| | - Chia-Chi Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH45221, USA. Fax: 1 513 556 3473; Tel: 1 513 556 2438
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ko YG, Co CC, Ho CC. Directing cell migration in continuous microchannels by topographical amplification of natural directional persistence. Biomaterials 2013; 34:353-60. [PMID: 23099064 PMCID: PMC3591109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Discrete micropatterns on biomaterial surfaces can be used to guide the direction of mammalian cell movement by orienting cell morphology. However, guiding cell assembly in three-dimensional scaffolds remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate that the random motions of motile cells can be rectified within continuous microchannels without chemotactic gradients or fluid flow. Our results show that uniform width microchannels with an overhanging zigzag design can induce polarization of NIH3T3 fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells by expanding the cell front at each turn. These continuous zigzag microchannels can guide the direction of cell movement even for cells with altered intracellular signals that promote random movement. This approach for directing cell migration within microchannels has important potential implications in the design of scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gwang Ko
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Carlos C. Co
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Chia-Chi Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chou CL, Rivera AL, Sakai T, Caplan AI, Goldberg VM, Welter JF, Baskaran H. Micrometer scale guidance of mesenchymal stem cells to form structurally oriented cartilage extracellular matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:1081-90. [PMID: 23157410 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a possible method for long-term repair of cartilage lesions, but current tissue-engineered cartilage constructs have inferior mechanical properties compared to native cartilage. This problem may be due to the lack of an oriented structure in the constructs at the microscale that is present in the native tissue. In this study, we utilize contact guidance to develop constructs with microscale architecture for improved chondrogenesis and function. Stable channels of varying microscale dimensions were formed in collagen-based and polydimethylsiloxane membranes via a combination of microfabrication and soft-lithography. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were selectively seeded in these channels. The chondrogenic potential of MSCs seeded in these channels was investigated by culturing them for 3 weeks under differentiating conditions, and then evaluating the subsequent synthesized tissue for mechanical function and by type II collagen immunohistochemistry. We demonstrate selective seeding of viable MSCs within the channels. MSC aligned and produced mature collagen fibrils along the length of the channel in smaller linear channels of widths 25-100 μm compared to larger linear channels of widths 500-1000 μm. Further, substrates with microchannels that led to cell alignment also led to superior mechanical properties compared to constructs with randomly seeded cells or selectively seeded cells in larger channels. The ultimate stress and modulus of elasticity of constructs with cells seeded in smaller channels increased by as much as fourfolds. We conclude that microscale guidance is useful to produce oriented cartilage structures with improved mechanical properties. These findings can be used to fabricate large clinically useful MSC-cartilage constructs with superior mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ling Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7217, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bryers JD, Giachelli CM, Ratner BD. Engineering biomaterials to integrate and heal: the biocompatibility paradigm shifts. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:1898-911. [PMID: 22592568 PMCID: PMC3490630 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on one of the major failure routes of implanted medical devices, the foreign body reaction (FBR)--that is, the phagocytic attack and encapsulation by the body of the so-called "biocompatible" biomaterials comprising the devices. We then review strategies currently under development that might lead to biomaterial constructs that will harmoniously heal and integrate into the body. We discuss in detail emerging strategies to inhibit the FBR by engineering biomaterials that elicit more biologically pertinent responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Bryers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5061, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tang X, Ali MY, Saif MTA. A Novel Technique for Micro-patterning Proteins and Cells on Polyacrylamide Gels. SOFT MATTER 2012; 8:7197-7206. [PMID: 23002394 PMCID: PMC3447741 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm25533b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterning of proteins (extracellular matrix, ECM) for living cells on polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels has been technically challenging due to the compliant nature of the hydrogels and their aqueous environment. Traditional micro-fabrication process is not applicable. Here we report a simple, novel and general method to pattern a variety of commonly used cell adhesion molecules, i.e. Fibronectin (FN), Laminin (LN) and Collagen I (CN), etc. on PA gels. The pattern is first printed on a hydrophilic glass using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp and micro-contact printing (μCP). Pre-polymerization solution is applied on the patterned glass and is then sandwiched by a functionalized glass slide, which covalently binds to the gel. The hydrophilic glass slide is then peeled off from the gel when the protein patterns detach from the glass, but remain intact with the gel. The pattern is thus transferred to the gel. The mechanism of pattern transfer is studied in light of interfacial mechanics. It is found that hydrophilic glass offers strong enough adhesion with ECM proteins such that a pattern can be printed, but weak enough adhesion such that they can be completely peeled off by the polymerized gel. This balance is essential for successful pattern transfer. As a demonstration, lines of FN, LN and CN with widths varying from 5-400 μm are patterned on PA gels. Normal fibroblasts (MKF) are cultured on the gel surfaces. The cell attachment and proliferation are confined within these patterns. The method avoids the use of any toxic chemistry often used to pattern different proteins on gel surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
| | - M. Yakut Ali
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
| | - M. Taher A. Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, 61801
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xi J, Kong L, Gao Y, Gong Y, Zhao N, Zhang X. Properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) films modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone and behavior of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts cultured on the blended films. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 16:1395-408. [PMID: 16370240 DOI: 10.1163/156856205774472344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of composite films of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was prepared by varying the ratio of constituents, and their properties and cytocompatibility were evaluated. The hydrophilicity of the blended materials surfaces increased and the amounts of fibronectin and laminin adsorbed on the materials surface increased remarkably compared with PHBHHx. FT-IR spectra of the blended films showed a new band, implying that a surface physical interpenetrating network structure had formed. Scanning electron microscopy showed that there were dense pits and holes on the blended films surface. For the films of PHBHHx with 20 wt% and 40 wt% PVP, MTT assay indicated that PVP enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation, but that the effects were impaired by excessive PVP. The results suggested that proper addition of PVP increased the cytocompatibility of PHBHHx because the material surface had increased hydrophilicity and presented an appropriate morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
One of the central challenges in cardiac tissue engineering is the control of the assembly and organization of functional cardiac tissue. Maintenance of a three-dimensional tissue architecture is key to myocardial function in vivo, and a variety of studies hint that provision of topological cues within scaffolds can facilitate the engineering of functional myocardial tissue by promoting this architecture. To explore this possibility in an isolated and well-defined fashion, we have designed scaffolds of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with microtopographic pillars ("micropegs") to provide cells with defined structures with which to interact in three dimensions. We show that these surfaces permit HL-1 cardiomyocytes to grow, form myofibrillar structures and cell-cell adhesions, and beat spontaneously. Additionally, the cells and their nuclei interact with the full length of the micropegs, indicating that the micropegs promote a three-dimensional cytoarchitecture in the context of a two-dimensional scaffold. We also show that the number of cells interacting with a micropeg can be controlled by manipulating incubation time, micropeg spatial arrangement, or micropeg diameter. Western blots reveal that the expression of the junctional markers N-cadherin and connexin 43 is upregulated in the presence of specific arrangements of micropegs, suggesting that micropegs can enhance cardiomyocyte function. Together, these data show that microtopography can be used to provide three-dimensional adhesion and control the assembly of functional cardiac tissue on a two-dimensional surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj A Patel
- The UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Endothelial cell micropatterning: methods, effects, and applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39:2329-45. [PMID: 21761242 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of flow on endothelial cells (ECs) have been widely examined for the ability of fluid shear stress to alter cell morphology and function; however, the effects of EC morphology without flow have only recently been observed. An increase in lithographic techniques in cell culture spurred a corresponding increase in research aiming to confine cell morphology. These studies lead to a better understanding of how morphology and cytoskeletal configuration affect the structure and function of the cells. This review examines EC micropatterning research by exploring both the many alternative methods used to alter EC morphology and the resulting changes in cellular shape and phenotype. Micropatterning induced changes in EC proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal organization, mechanical properties, and cell functionality. Finally, the ways these cellular manipulation techniques have been applied to biomedical engineering research, including angiogenesis, cell migration, and tissue engineering, are discussed.
Collapse
|
25
|
Polystyrene replicas of neuronal basal lamina act as excellent guides for regenerating neurites. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2910-8. [PMID: 21515424 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Various scaffolds, natural or artificial, have been used for neural repair, including basal lamina scaffolds obtained through extraction of nerves. Here we tested whether plastic casts of such preparations could be used for neurite guidance. To this end, longitudinal micron thick sections of rat sciatic nerve were extracted with detergents and treated with Dnase, yielding an acellular basal lamina master. From the basal lamina master a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold was made. Then a polystyrene replica was made using the PDMS mold as the master. The polystyrene replica showed high similarity to the master within nanometer resolution as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Organ cultured mouse dorsal root ganglia grown on the polystyrene replica and the master preparation exhibited guided outgrowth of neurites as assayed by two-dimensional fast Fourier transform analysis on preparations, where the neurites had been visualized by β-III-tubulin staining. The neurites aligned longitudally in the direction of the original basal lamina tubes. Thus, using inexpensive methods it is possible to make replicas of basal lamina which can be used for neurite guidance. This opens a new avenue for nerve reconstruction.
Collapse
|
26
|
Delgado-Rivera R, Griffin J, Ricupero CL, Grumet M, Meiners S, Uhrich KE. Microscale plasma-initiated patterning of electrospun polymer scaffolds. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 84:591-6. [PMID: 21345656 PMCID: PMC3062666 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microscale plasma-initiated patterning (μPIP) is a novel micropatterning technique used to create biomolecular micropatterns on polymer surfaces. The patterning method uses a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp to selectively protect regions of an underlying substrate from oxygen plasma treatment resulting in hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Preferential adsorption of the biomolecules onto either the plasma-exposed (hydrophilic) or plasma-protected (hydrophobic) regions leads to the biomolecular micropatterns. In the current work, laminin-1 was applied to an electrospun polyamide nanofibrillar matrix following plasma treatment. Radial glial clones (neural precursors) selectively adhered to these patterned matrices following the contours of proteins on the surface. This work demonstrates that textured surfaces, such as nanofibrillar scaffolds, can be micropatterned to provide external chemical cues for cellular organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Delgado-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Jeremy Griffin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Christopher L. Ricupero
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Martin Grumet
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Sally Meiners
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiang Y, Lu S, Zeng Y. Dermal fibroblast behaviour on micropatterned substrates with different pattern geometries. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:402-9. [DOI: 10.1002/term.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
28
|
Yang IH, Co CC, Ho CC. Controlling neurite outgrowth with patterned substrates. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 97:451-6. [PMID: 21484989 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In vivo, neurons form neurites, one of which develops into the axon while others become dendrites. While this neuritogenesis process is well programmed in vivo, there are limited methods to control the number and location of neurite extension in vitro. Here we report a method to control neuritogenesis by confining neurons in specific regions using cell resistant poly(oligoethyleneglycol methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid (OEGMA-co-MA)) or poly(ethyleneglycol-block-lactic acid) PEG-PLA. Line patterned substrates reduce multiple extension of neurites and stimulate bi-directional neurite budding for PC12 and cortical neurons. PC12 cells on 20 and 30 μm line patterns extended one neurite in each direction along the line pattern while cortical neuron on 20 and 30 μm line patterns extended one or two neurites in each direction along the line pattern. Statistical analysis of neurite lengths revealed that PC12 cells and cortical neurons on line patterns extend longer neurites. The ability to guide formation of neurites on patterned substrates is useful for generating neural networks and promoting neurite elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Hong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hong JK, Madihally SV. Next generation of electrosprayed fibers for tissue regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2011; 17:125-42. [PMID: 21210761 PMCID: PMC3062468 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a widely established polymer-processing technology that allows generation of fibers (in nanometer to micrometer size) that can be collected to form nonwoven structures. By choosing suitable process parameters and appropriate solvent systems, fiber size can be controlled. Since the technology allows the possibility of tailoring the mechanical properties and biological properties, there has been a significant effort to adapt the technology in tissue regeneration and drug delivery. This review focuses on recent developments in adapting this technology for tissue regeneration applications. In particular, different configurations of nozzles and collector plates are summarized from the view of cell seeding and distribution. Further developments in obtaining thick layers of tissues and thin layered membranes are discussed. Recent advances in porous structure spatial architecture parameters such as pore size, fiber size, fiber stiffness, and matrix turnover are summarized. In addition, possibility of developing simple three-dimensional models using electrosprayed fibers that can be utilized in routine cell culture studies is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kyu Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Curtis MW, Sharma S, Desai TA, Russell B. Hypertrophy, gene expression, and beating of neonatal cardiac myocytes are affected by microdomain heterogeneity in 3D. Biomed Microdevices 2011; 12:1073-85. [PMID: 20668947 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-010-9461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myocytes are known to be influenced by the rigidity and topography of their physical microenvironment. It was hypothesized that 3D heterogeneity introduced by purely physical microdomains regulates cardiac myocyte size and contraction. This was tested in vitro using polymeric microstructures (G' = 1.66 GPa) suspended with random orientation in 3D by a soft Matrigel matrix (G' = 22.9 Pa). After 10 days of culture, the presence of 100 μm-long microstructures in 3D gels induced fold increases in neonatal rat ventricular myocyte size (1.61 ± 0.06, p < 0.01) and total protein/cell ratios (1.43 ± 0.08, p < 0.05) that were comparable to those induced chemically by 50 μM phenylephrine treatment. Upon attachment to microstructures, individual myocytes also had larger cross-sectional areas (1.57 ± 0.05, p < 0.01) and higher average rates of spontaneous contraction (2.01 ± 0.08, p < 0.01) than unattached myocytes. Furthermore, the inclusion of microstructures in myocyte-seeded gels caused significant increases in the expression of beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β1-AR, 1.19 ± 0.01), cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP, 1.26 ± 0.02), and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA2, 1.59 ± 0.12, p < 0.05), genes implicated in hypertrophy and contractile activity. Together, the results demonstrate that cardiac myocyte behavior can be controlled through local 3D microdomains alone. This approach of defining physical cues as independent features may help to advance the elemental design considerations for scaffolds in cardiac tissue engineering and therapeutic microdevices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Curtis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pelaez-Vargas A, Gallego-Perez D, Ferrell N, Fernandes MH, Hansford D, Monteiro FJ. Early spreading and propagation of human bone marrow stem cells on isotropic and anisotropic topographies of silica thin films produced via microstamping. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2010; 16:670-676. [PMID: 20964878 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927610094158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
While there has been rapid development of microfabrication techniques to produce high-resolution surface modifications on a variety of materials in the last decade, there is still a strong need to produce novel alternatives to induce guided tissue regeneration on dental implants. High-resolution microscopy provides qualitative and quantitative techniques to study cellular guidance in the first stages of cell-material interactions. The purposes of this work were (1) to produce and characterize the surface topography of isotropic and anisotropic microfabricated silica thin films obtained by sol-gel processing, and (2) to compare the in vitro biological behavior of human bone marrow stem cells on these surfaces at early stages of adhesion and propagation. The results confirmed that a microstamping technique can be used to produce isotropic and anisotropic micropatterned silica coatings. Atomic force microscopy analysis was an adequate methodology to study in the same specimen the sintering derived contraction of the microfabricated coatings, using images obtained before and after thermal cycle. Hard micropatterned coatings induced a modulation in the early and late adhesion stages of cell-material and cell-cell interactions in a geometry-dependent manner (i.e., isotropic versus anisotropic), as it was clearly determined, using scanning electron and fluorescence microscopies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pelaez-Vargas
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica and Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hong JK, Madihally SV. Three-dimensional scaffold of electrosprayed fibers with large pore size for tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:4734-42. [PMID: 20620245 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of tissues using biodegradable porous scaffolds has been intensely investigated. Since electrospinning can produce scaffolds mimicking nanofibrous architecture found in the body, it has recently gained widespread attention. However, a major problem is the lack of pore size necessary for infiltration of cells into the layers below the surface, restricting cell colonization to the surfaces only. This study describes a novel twist to the traditional electrospinning technology: specifically, collector plates are designed which allow the formation of very thin layers with pore sizes suitable for cell infiltration. The thin samples could be handled without mechanically damaging the structure and could be transferred into cell culture. These thin layers were stacked layer-by-layer to develop thick structures. Thirty day cultures of fibroblasts show attachment and spreading of cells in every layer. This concept is useful in regenerating thick tissues with uniformly distributed cells and others in in vitro cell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kyu Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fu RH, Liu SP, Ou CW, Huang CM, Wang YC. Spatial control of cells, peptide delivery and dynamic monitoring of cellular physiology with chitosan-assisted dual color quantum dot FRET peptides. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3621-9. [PMID: 20215055 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based assays have become important tools in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. However, observing and monitoring molecules in cells that mimic the physiological environment is often difficult. Dynamic processes not only increase the accuracy of simulations, but also improve our understanding of the function and regulation of molecules within cells. In this study we used chitosan as a multifunctional biomaterial for selective micropatterning of cells, peptide delivery and covalent bonding with quantum dots (QD) to decrease the cytotoxicity of QD. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of chitosan-QD-peptide-Alexa Fluor 488 in controlling the spread and spatial organization of cells. Cationic chitosan also provided an efficient delivery mechanism to live cells. We used the shift from green to red fluorescence of the chitosan dual color QD peptide to detect biological activity. This methodology has potential applications in high throughput screening of inhibitors and activators of biological mechanisms and pathways and for use in the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
|
34
|
Layered patterning of hepatocytes in co-culture systems using microfabricated stencils. Biotechniques 2010; 48:47-52. [PMID: 20078427 DOI: 10.2144/000113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfabrication and micropatterning techniques in tissue engineering offer great potential for creating and controlling microenvironments in which cell behavior can be observed. Here we present a novel approach to generate layered patterning of hepatocytes on micropatterned fibroblast feeder layers using microfabricated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stencils. We fabricated PDMS stencils to pattern circular holes with diameters of 500 microm. Hepatocytes were co-cultured with 3T3-J2 fibroblasts in two types of patterns to evaluate and characterize the cellular interactions in the co-culture systems. Results of this study demonstrated uniform intracellular albumin staining and E-cadherin expression, increased liver-specific functions, and active glycogen synthesis in the hepatocytes when the heterotypic interface between hepatocytes and fibroblasts was increased by the layered patterning technique. This patterning technique can be a useful experimental tool for applications in basic science, drug screening, and tissue engineering, as well as in the design of bioartificial liver devices.
Collapse
|
35
|
Thakar RG, Chown MG, Patel A, Peng L, Kumar S, Desai TA. Contractility-dependent modulation of cell proliferation and adhesion by microscale topographical cues. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:1416-1424. [PMID: 18711756 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200701302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Engineering of cellular assembly on biomaterial scaffolds by utilizing microscale topographical cues has emerged as a powerful strategy in cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the mechanisms through which these cues are processed to yield changes in canonical cell behaviors remain unclear. Previously, we showed that when mixtures of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were cultured on polydimethylsiloxane surfaces studded with microscale pillars (micropegs), fibroblast proliferation was dramatically suppressed, which suggests that the micropegs could be exploited to minimize fibrosis and scar formation. Here, we demonstrate that this effect relies on altered adhesive and micromechanical interactions between individual cells and micropegs. First, we show that the proliferation of a cell physically attached to a micropeg is significantly lower than that of a cell cultured on a featureless region of the substrate. Micropeg adhesion is accompanied by a marked elongation in cell and nuclear shape. When fibroblast contractility is pharmacologically attenuated through low-dose inhibition of either Rho-associated kinase or myosin light chain kinase, the potency with which micropeg adhesion suppresses cell proliferation is significantly reduced. Together, our results support a model in which cell fate decisions may be directly manipulated within tissue engineering scaffolds by the inclusion of microtopographical structures that alter cellular mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul G Thakar
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco 203C Byers Hall Box 2520, 1700 4th Street San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhu A, Zhao F, Fang N. Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells on poly(ethylene terephthalate) film byO‐carboxymethylchitosan surface immobilization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 86:467-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
37
|
Fernandez JG, Mills CA, Martinez E, Lopez-Bosque MJ, Sisquella X, Errachid A, Samitier J. Micro- and nanostructuring of freestanding, biodegradable, thin sheets of chitosan via soft lithography. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 85:242-7. [PMID: 17688270 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A technique for imparting micro- and nanostructured topography into the surface of freestanding thin sheets of chitosan is described. Both micro- and nanometric surface structures have been produced using soft lithography. The soft lithography method, based on solvent evaporation, has allowed structures approximately 60 nm tall and approximately 500 x 500 nm(2) to be produced on freestanding approximately 0.5 mm thick sheets of the polymer when cured at 293 K, and structures approximately 400 nm tall and 5 x 5 microm(2) to be produced when cured at 283 K. Nonstructured chitosan thin sheets (approximately 200 microm thick) show excellent optical transmission properties in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The structured sheets can be used for applications where optical microscopic analysis is required, such as cell interaction experiments and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier G Fernandez
- Laboratory of Nanobioengineering (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Josep Samitier 1-5, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Cell colonization is an important in a wide variety of biological processes and applications including vascularization, wound healing, tissue engineering, stem cell differentiation and biosensors. During colonization porous 3D structures are used to support and guide the ingrowth of cells into the matrix. In this review, we summarize our understanding of various factors affecting cell colonization in three-dimensional environment. The structural, biological and degradation properties of the matrix all play key roles during colonization. Further, specific scaffold properties such as porosity, pore size, fiber thickness, topography and scaffold stiffness as well as important cell material interactions such as cell adhesion and mechanotransduction also influence colonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Lawrence
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
NAKANISHI J, TAKARADA T, YAMAGUCHI K, MAEDA M. Recent Advances in Cell Micropatterning Techniques for Bioanalytical and Biomedical Sciences. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:67-72. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun NAKANISHI
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
| | - Tohru TAKARADA
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Discovery Research Institute, RIKEN
| | - Kazuo YAMAGUCHI
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University
| | - Mizuo MAEDA
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Discovery Research Institute, RIKEN
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Janakiraman V, Kienitz BL, Baskaran H. Lithography Technique for Topographical Micropatterning of Collagen-Glycosaminoglycan Membranes for Tissue Engineering Applications. J Med Device 2007; 1:233-237. [PMID: 19823602 DOI: 10.1115/1.2775937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: An adaptable technique for micropatterning biomaterial scaffolds has enormous implications in controlling cell function and in the development of tissue-engineered (TE) microvasculature. In this paper, we report a technique to embed microscale patterns onto a collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) membrane as a first step towards the creation of TE constructs with built-in microvasculature. METHOD OF APPROACH: The CG membranes were fabricated by homogenizing a solution of Type I bovine collagen and chondroitin 6-sulfate in acetic acid and vacuum filtering the solution subsequently. The micropatterning technique consisted of three steps: surface dissolution of base matrix using acetic acid solution, feature resolution by application of uniform pressure and feature stability by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. RESULTS: Application of the new technique yielded patterns in CG membranes with a spatial resolution in the order of 2-3 microns. We show that such a patterned matrix is conducive to the attachment of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC's). CONCLUSIONS: The patterned membranes can be used for the development of complex three-dimensional TE products with built-in flow channels, as templates for topographically directed cell growth, or as a model system to study various microvascular disorders where feature scales are important. The new technique is versatile; topographical patterns can be custom-made for any predetermined design with high spatial resolution and the technique itself can be adapted for use with other scaffold materials.
Collapse
|
41
|
Khademhosseini A, Bettinger C, Karp JM, Yeh J, Ling Y, Borenstein J, Fukuda J, Langer R. Interplay of biomaterials and micro-scale technologies for advancing biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2007; 17:1221-40. [PMID: 17176747 DOI: 10.1163/156856206778667488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Micro-scale technologies have already dramatically changed our society through their use in the microelectronics and telecommunications industries. Today these engineering tools are also useful for many biological applications ranging from drug delivery to DNA sequencing, since they can be used to fabricate small features at a low cost and in a reproducible manner. The discovery and development of new biomaterials aid in the advancement of these micro-scale technologies, which in turn contribute to the engineering and generation of new, custom-designed biomaterials with desired properties. This review aims to present an overview of the merger of micro-scale technologies and biomaterials in two-dimensional (2D) surface patterning, device fabrication and three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khademhosseini
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chang CC, Hoying JB. Directed three-dimensional growth of microvascular cells and isolated microvessel fragments. Cell Transplant 2007; 15:533-40. [PMID: 17121164 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has promise as a means for repairing diseased and damaged tissues. A significant challenge in tissue construction relates to the constraints placed on tissue geometries resulting from diffusion limitations. An ability to incorporate a premade vasculature would overcome these difficulties and promote construct viability once implanted. Most in vitro microvascular fabrication strategies rely on surface-associated cell growth, manipulated cell monolayers, or random arrangement of cells within matrix materials. In contrast, we successfully suspended microvascular cells and isolated microvessel fragments within collagen and then microfluidically drove the mixtures into microfabricated network topologies. Developing within the 3D collagen matrix, patterned cells progressed into cord-like morphologies. These geometries were directed by the surrounding elastomer mold. With similar techniques, suspended fragments formed endothelial sprouts. By avoiding the addition of exogenous growth factors, we allowed constituent cells and fragments to autonomously develop within the constructs, providing a more physiologically relevant system for in vitro microvascular development. In addition, we present the first examples of directed endothelial cell sprouting from parent microvessel fragments. We believe this system may serve as a foundation for future in vivo fabrication of microvascular networks for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos C Chang
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Moshfeghian A, Tillman J, Madihally SV. Characterization of emulsified chitosan–PLGA matrices formed using controlled-rate freezing and lyophilization technique. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:418-30. [PMID: 16906526 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the formation of chitosan-50:50 poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) blend matrices using controlled-rate freezing and lyophilization technique (CRFLT). An emulsion system was used in the presence of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), a cellular component, as a stabilizer. Blended scaffolds showed an open pore morphology and homogenous interdispersion of PLGA and chitosan. Forming emulsions after dissolving PLGA in chloroform, benzene, or methylene chloride indicated better emulsion stability with benzene and chloroform. Scaffolds formed by freezing at -20, -78, and -196 degrees C from these emulsions showed significant influence of the solvent and freezing temperature on the microarchitecture of the scaffold. By controlling the concentration of chitosan, scaffolds with greater than 90% porosity were attained. Since the two polymers degrade by different mechanisms, formed scaffolds were analyzed for degradation characteristics for 4 weeks in presence of 10 mg/L lysozyme. These results showed no significant difference in the weight loss and dimension changes, as all scaffolds showed significant (a) weight loss and (b) nearly 60% reduction in volume. Further, pH of the incubation media decreased in all the samples. When cellular activity of green fluorescence protein-transfected smooth muscle cells was analyzed, no apparent cytotoxicity was observed. However, the cell spreading area decreased. In summary, these results show promising potential in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Moshfeghian
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 74078, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tillman J, Ullm A, Madihally SV. Three-dimensional cell colonization in a sulfate rich environment. Biomaterials 2006; 27:5618-26. [PMID: 16884767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been explored for regenerating various tissues due to their involvement in diverse bioregulatory activity. However, understanding their influence on cell colonization in three-dimension (3-D) has been difficult due to variation in their molecular weight, degree of sulfation, and lack of in vitro models. This research focused on developing an in vitro model and evaluating the influence of MW (5, 10, and 500 kDa) of negatively charged dextran sulfate (DS), a semisynthetic GAG analog, on cell colonization. DS was combined with chitosan, a positively charged polymer in solution and porous 3-D matrices were formed inside 24-well plates using controlled rate freezing and lyophilization technique by two schemes: (i) chitosan structures were formed and then allowed to react with DS; (ii) DS was reacted with chitosan in solution and then matrices were formed. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that forming matrices after reacting DS with chitosan was more suitable for tissue regeneration. Analysis for the quantity and stability of DS by toluidine blue assay indicated significant presence of DS in the 3-D matrices even after seven days of incubation in phosphate buffered saline solution. Matrices formed by reacting 4% 5 kDa, 2% 10 kDa and 1% 500 kDa DS solution with chitosan had optimum porosity and mechanical stability. Next, 25,000 fibroblasts per matrix were seeded onto 3-D matrices and analyzed for proliferation by MTT-formazan assay, cytoskeletal organization by actin staining, and histological analysis by H/E staining. These results showed that cell growth was better on low MW containing 2-D membranes but high MW DS containing 3-D matrix supported cell growth similar to chitosan. Also, cells showed peripheral actin distribution in 3-D matrices. Analysis of fibronectin binding by ELISA showed negligible binding to all the DS-containing matrices, unlike chitosan. In summary, results show cell colonization on negatively charged matrices, similar to chitosan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Tillman
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 423 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shen JY, Chan-Park MB, He B, Zhu AP, Zhu X, Beuerman RW, Yang EB, Chen W, Chan V. Three-Dimensional Microchannels in Biodegradable Polymeric Films for Control Orientation and Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:2229-40. [PMID: 16968163 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The poor mechanical strength and vasoactivity of current small-diameter tissue engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) remain unsolved problems. Given the plasticity of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), 1 of the main limitations of current scaffolding techniques is the difficulty in controlling SMC phenotype shifts in vitro. A synthetic phenotype allows the cells to rapidly proliferate and produce extracellular matrix (ECM), whereas a shift to contractile phenotype with organized ECM ultimately provides a functional blood vessel. In this study, 3D deep (65 microm) and wide microchannels separated by high-aspect ratio (8) microwalls were successfully ultraviolet (UV) microembossed using a liquid UV polymerizable biodegradable macromer (poly(epsilon-caprolactone-r-L-lactide-r-glycolide) diacrylate) and the in vitro guidance effects of varying channel width (40-160 microm) on SMCs were verified. The results show that SMCs cultured in the wider microchannels (80-160 microm wide) switch from fibroblast morphology and random orientation to spindle-shaped morphology, and align along the direction of the microchannel nearing confluence achieved with similar cell density to unpatterned film. Further, an enhanced expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin of SMCs grown on micropatterns was found nearing confluence, which demonstrates a phenotype shift to a more contractile phenotype. These films are flexible and can be folded into tubular and lamellar structures for tissue engineering of small-diameter TEBVs as well as other organs such as esophagus or intestine. These results suggest that these micropatterned synthetic biodegradable scaffolds may be useful for guiding SMCs to grow into functional, small-diameter vascular grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ye Shen
- The Biological and Chemical Processing Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Peterbauer T, Heitz J, Olbrich M, Hering S. Simple and versatile methods for the fabrication of arrays of live mammalian cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2006; 6:857-63. [PMID: 16804589 DOI: 10.1039/b601803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-step methods for the generation of patterned surfaces on hydrogels are presented. Poly(vinyl alcohol) films covalently bonded on glass cover slips and commercially available hydrogel-coated polystyrene plates were used as cell-repellent surfaces. Cell-adhesive domains were created by spotting dilute solutions of sodium hypochlorite onto the surfaces. Alternatively, domains supporting cell attachment were created by exposure to UV light from a xenon excimer lamp, employing a contact mask. Rat skeletal myoblast cells, HEK 293 human embryonic kidney cells and Caco-2 colon carcinoma cells adhered and spread exclusively on modified areas. The surfaces are durable for weeks under cell culture conditions and re-usable after removal of the cells by trypsin treatment. Arrays of adhesive spots seeded with cells at a low density permitted dynamic monitoring of cell proliferation. Selected colonies can be harvested from the surfaces by means of local trypsination. Thus, these techniques may provide useful tools for the isolation of clonal cell populations. Additionally, we demonstrate the possibility of surface-mediated gene delivery from the micro patterns. We show that DNA, complexed with a lipid reagent, can be adsorbed on modified poly(vinyl alcohol) coatings, resulting in spatially controlled adhesion and reverse transfection of HEK 293 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Peterbauer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Huang Y, Siewe M, Madihally SV. Effect of spatial architecture on cellular colonization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:64-75. [PMID: 16142800 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The spatial cell-material interaction remains vital issue in forming biodegradable scaffolds in Tissue Engineering. In this study, to understand the influence of spatial architecture on cellular behavior, 2D and 3D chitosan scaffolds of 50-190 kD and >310 kD MW were synthesized through air drying and controlled rate freezing/lypohilization technique, respectively. In addition, chitosan was emulsified with 19, 76, and 160 kD 50:50 poly lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) using 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (DMPC) as stabilizer. 2D and 3D scaffolds were formed by air drying and lyophilization as before. Tensile and compressive properties of films and scaffolds were analyzed in wet conditions at 37 degrees C. Alterations in the cell spreading, proliferation, and cytoskeletal organization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were studied. These results showed that the formed 3D chitosan scaffolds had interconnected open pore architecture (50-200 microm size). HUVECs and MEFs had reduced spreading areas and circular morphology on 2D chitosan membranes compared with 3D chitosan scaffolds. The fluorescence photomicrographs for actin (using Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin) and cytoplasm staining (using carboxyfluorescein diacetate-succinimidyl ester) demonstrated that the cells spread within 3D chitosan matrix. 2D and 3D emulsified chitosan and chitosan/PLGA scaffolds reduced the spreading of HUVECs and MEFs even further. Proliferation results, analyzed via MTT-Formazan assay and BrdU uptake assay, correlated with the spreading characteristics. The reductions in cell spreading area on emulsified surfaces were not detrimental to the viability and endocytic activity but to proliferation. The observed alterations in cellular colonization are in part due to the substrate stiffness and surface topography. In summary, these results suggest a significant influence of spatial architecture on cellular colonization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 74078, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Falconnet D, Csucs G, Grandin HM, Textor M. Surface engineering approaches to micropattern surfaces for cell-based assays. Biomaterials 2006; 27:3044-63. [PMID: 16458351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 12/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to produce patterns of single or multiple cells through precise surface engineering of cell culture substrates has promoted the development of cellular bioassays that provide entirely new insights into the factors that control cell adhesion to material surfaces, cell proliferation, differentiation and molecular signaling pathways. The ability to control shape and spreading of attached cells and cell-cell contacts through the form and dimension of the cell-adhesive patches with high precision is important. Commitment of stem cells to different specific lineages depends strongly on cell shape, implying that controlled microenvironments through engineered surfaces may not only be a valuable approach towards fundamental cell-biological studies, but also of great importance for the design of cell culture substrates for tissue engineering. Furthermore, cell patterning is an important tool for organizing cells on transducers for cell-based sensing and cell-based drug discovery concepts. From a material engineering standpoint, patterning approaches have greatly profited by combining microfabrication technologies, such as photolithography, with biochemical functionalization to present to the cells biological cues in spatially controlled regions where the background is rendered non-adhesive ("non-fouling") by suitable chemical modification. The focus of this review is on the surface engineering aspects of biologically motivated micropatterning of two-dimensional (flat) surfaces with the aim to provide an introductory overview and critical assessment of the many techniques described in the literature. In particular, the importance of non-fouling surface chemistries, the combination of hard and soft lithography with molecular assembly techniques as well as a number of less well known, but useful patterning approaches, including direct cell writing, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Falconnet
- BioInterfaceGroup, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhu A, Chen R, Chan-Park MB. Patterning of a Random Copolymer of Poly[lactide-co-glycotide-co-(ɛ-caprolactone)] by UV Embossing for Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2006; 6:51-7. [PMID: 16374770 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200500168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The random copolymer, poly[lactide-co-glycotide-co-(epsilon-caprolactone)] (PLGACL) diacrylate was prepared by ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide, glycolide, and epsilon-caprolactone initiated with tetra(ethylene glycol). The diacrylated polymers were extensively characterized. With a UV embossing method, these copolymers were successfully fabricated into microchannels separated by microwalls with a high aspect (height/width) ratio. The PLGACL network films showed good cytocompatibility. Varieties of microstructures were fabricated, such as 10 x 40 x 60, 10 x 80 x 60, 25 x 40 x 60, or 25 x 80 x 60 microm(3) structures (microwall width x microchannel width x microwall height). The results demonstrated that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) can grow not only on the microchannel surfaces but also on the surfaces of the microwall and sidewall. The SMCs aligned along the 25 microm wide microwall with an elongated morphology and proliferated very slowly in comparison to those on the smooth surface with a longer cell-culture term. Few cells could attach and spread on the surface of the 40 microm wide microchannel, while the cells flourished on the 80 microm, or more than 80 microm, wide microchannel with a spindle morphology. The biophysical mechanism mediated by the micropattern geometry is discussed. Overall, the present micropattern, consisting of biodegradable and cytocompatible PLGACL, provides a promising scaffold for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Brey EM, Uriel S, Greisler HP, McIntire LV. Therapeutic neovascularization: contributions from bioengineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:567-84. [PMID: 15869435 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of pathological entities and surgical interventions could benefit from therapeutic stimulation of new blood vessel formation. Although strategies designed for promoting neovascularization have shown promise in preclinical models, translation to human application has met with limited success when angiogenesis is used as the single therapeutic mechanism. While clinical protocols continue to be optimized, a number of exciting new approaches are being developed. Bioengineering has played an important role in the progress of many of these innovative new strategies. In this review, we present a general outline of therapeutic neovascularization, with an emphasis on investigations using engineering principles to address this vexing clinical problem. In addition, we identify some limitations and suggest areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Brey
- Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 60616, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|