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Wu Y, Deng X, Ye L, Zhang W, Xu H, Zhang B. A TCF-Based Carbon Monoxide NIR-Probe without the Interference of BSA and Its Application in Living Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134155. [PMID: 35807401 PMCID: PMC9268636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As toxic gaseous pollution, carbon monoxide (CO) plays an essential role in many pathological and physiological processes, well-known as the third gasotransmitter. Owning to the reducibility of CO, the Pd0-mediated Tsuji-Trost reaction has drawn much attention in CO detection in vitro and in vivo, using allyl ester and allyl ether caged fluorophores as probes and PdCl2 as co-probes. Because of its higher decaging reactivity than allyl ether in the Pd0-mediated Tsuji-Trost reaction, the allyl ester group is more popular in CO probe design. However, during the application of allyl ester caged probes, it was found that bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the fetal bovine serum (FBS), an irreplaceable nutrient in cell culture media, could hydrolyze the allyl ester bond, and thus give erroneous imaging results. In this work, dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran (TCF) and dicyanoisophorone (DCI) were selected as electron acceptors for constructing near-infrared-emission fluorophores with electron donor phenolic OH. An allyl ester and allyl ether group were installed onto TCF-OH and DCI-OH, constructing four potential CO fluorescent probes, TCF-ester, TCF-ether, DCI-ester, and DCI-ether. Our data revealed that ester bonds of TCF-ester and DCI-ester could completely hydrolyze in 20 min, but ether bonds in TCF-ether and DCI-ether tolerate the hydrolysis of BSA and no released fluorescence was observed even up to 2 h. Moreover, passing through the screen, it was concluded that TCF-ether is superior to DCI-ether due to its higher reactivity in a Pd0-mediated Tsuji-Trost reaction. Also, the large stokes shift of TCF-OH, absorption and emission at 408 nm and 618 nm respectively, make TCF-ether desirable for fluorescent imaging because of differentiating signals from the excitation light source. Lastly, TCF-ether has been successfully applied to the detection of CO in H9C2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxu Wu
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaojing Deng
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Lan Ye
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Hu Xu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China;
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (B.Z.)
| | - Boyu Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (Y.W.); (X.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (B.Z.)
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Fu S, Li G, Zang W, Zhou X, Shi K, Zhai Y. Pure drug nano-assemblies: A facile carrier-free nanoplatform for efficient cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:92-106. [PMID: 35127374 PMCID: PMC8799886 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) have emerged as possible solution to the obstacles of anticancer drug delivery. However, the clinical outcomes and translation are restricted by several drawbacks, such as low drug loading, premature drug leakage and carrier-related toxicity. Recently, pure drug nano-assemblies (PDNAs), fabricated by the self-assembly or co-assembly of pure drug molecules, have attracted considerable attention. Their facile and reproducible preparation technique helps to remove the bottleneck of nanomedicines including quality control, scale-up production and clinical translation. Acting as both carriers and cargos, the carrier-free PDNAs have an ultra-high or even 100% drug loading. In addition, combination therapies based on PDNAs could possibly address the most intractable problems in cancer treatment, such as tumor metastasis and drug resistance. In the present review, the latest development of PDNAs for cancer treatment is overviewed. First, PDNAs are classified according to the composition of drug molecules, and the assembly mechanisms are discussed. Furthermore, the co-delivery of PDNAs for combination therapies is summarized, with special focus on the improvement of therapeutic outcomes. Finally, future prospects and challenges of PDNAs for efficient cancer therapy are spotlighted.
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Key Words
- ABC, accelerated blood clearance
- ACT, adoptive cell transfer
- ATO, atovaquone
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BV, Biliverdin
- Ber, berberine
- CI, combination index
- CPT, camptothecin
- CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- Cancer treatment
- Carrier-free
- Ce6, chlorine e6
- Combination therapy
- DBNP, DOX-Ber nano-assemblies
- DBNP@CM, DBNP were cloaked with 4T1 cell membranes
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DOX, doxorubicin
- DPDNAs, dual pure drug nano-assemblies
- EGFR, epithelial growth factor receptor
- EPI, epirubicin
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FRET, Forster Resonance Energy Transfer
- GEF, gefitinib
- HCPT, hydroxycamptothecin
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ICB, immunologic checkpoint blockade
- ICD, immunogenic cell death
- ICG, indocyanine green
- ITM, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
- MDS, molecular dynamics simulations
- MPDNAs, multiple pure drug nano-assemblies
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MTX, methotrexate
- NIR, near-infrared
- NPs, nanoparticles
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Nano-DDSs, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems
- Nanomedicine
- Nanotechnology
- PAI, photoacoustic imaging
- PD-1, PD receptor 1
- PD-L1, PD receptor 1 ligand
- PDNAs, pure drug nano-assemblies
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PPa, pheophorbide A
- PTT, photothermal therapy
- PTX, paclitaxel
- Poly I:C, polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid
- Pure drug
- QSNAP, quantitative structure-nanoparticle assembly prediction
- RBC, red blood cell
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SPDNAs, single pure drug nano-assemblies
- Self-assembly
- TA, tannic acid
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- TNBC, triple negative breast
- TTZ, trastuzumab
- Top I & II, topoisomerase I & II
- UA, ursolic acid
- YSV, tripeptide tyroservatide
- ZHO, Z-Histidine-Obzl
- dsRNA, double-stranded RNA
- α-PD-L1, anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guanting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenli Zang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kexin Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yinglei Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Device, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Williams MM, Hafeez SA, Christenson JL, O’Neill KI, Hammond NG, Richer JK. Reversing an Oncogenic Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Breast Cancer Reveals Actionable Immune Suppressive Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111122. [PMID: 34832904 PMCID: PMC8622696 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Approval of checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) has opened the door for the use of immunotherapies against this disease. However, not all patients with mTNBC respond to current immunotherapy approaches such as checkpoint inhibitors. Recent evidence demonstrates that TNBC metastases are more immune suppressed than primary tumors, suggesting that combination or additional immunotherapy strategies may be required to activate an anti-tumor immune attack at metastatic sites. To identify other immune suppressive mechanisms utilized by mTNBC, our group and others manipulated oncogenic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs in TNBC models to reveal differences between this breast cancer subtype and its more epithelial counterpart. This review will discuss how EMT modulation revealed several mechanisms, including tumor cell metabolism, cytokine milieu and secretion of additional immune modulators, by which mTNBC cells may suppress both the innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. Many of these pathways/proteins are under preclinical or clinical investigation as therapeutic targets in mTNBC and other advanced cancers to enhance their response to chemotherapy and/or checkpoint inhibitors.
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Adin CA. Bilirubin as a Therapeutic Molecule: Challenges and Opportunities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1536. [PMID: 34679671 PMCID: PMC8532879 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that serum free bilirubin concentration has significant effects on morbidity and mortality in the most significant health conditions of our times, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity/metabolic syndrome. Supplementation of bilirubin in animal and experimental models has reproduced these protective effects, but several factors have slowed the application bilirubin as a therapeutic agent in human patients. Bilirubin is poorly soluble in water, and is a complex molecule that is difficult to synthesize. Current sources of this molecule are animal-derived, creating concerns regarding the risk of virus or prion transmission. However, recent developments in nanoparticle drug delivery, biosynthetic strategies, and drug synthesis have opened new avenues for applying bilirubin as a pharmaceutical agent. This article reviews the chemistry and physiology of bilirubin, potential clinical applications and summarizes current strategies for safe and efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Adin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Li Y, Ma K, Han Z, Chi M, Sai X, Zhu P, Ding Z, Song L, Liu C. Immunomodulatory Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:708453. [PMID: 34504854 PMCID: PMC8421649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.708453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a general term for heterogeneous damage that affects the function and the structure of the kidneys. The rising incidence of kidney diseases represents a considerable burden on the healthcare system, so the development of new drugs and the identification of novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. The pathophysiology of kidney diseases is complex and involves multiple processes, including inflammation, autophagy, cell-cycle progression, and oxidative stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme involved in the process of heme degradation, has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its cytoprotective properties. As an enzyme with known anti-oxidative functions, HO-1 plays an indispensable role in the regulation of oxidative stress and is involved in the pathogenesis of several kidney diseases. Moreover, current studies have revealed that HO-1 can affect cell proliferation, cell maturation, and other metabolic processes, thereby altering the function of immune cells. Many strategies, such as the administration of HO-1-overexpressing macrophages, use of phytochemicals, and carbon monoxide-based therapies, have been developed to target HO-1 in a variety of nephropathological animal models, indicating that HO-1 is a promising protein for the treatment of kidney diseases. Here, we briefly review the effects of HO-1 induction on specific immune cell populations with the aim of exploring the potential therapeutic roles of HO-1 and designing HO-1-based therapeutic strategies for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuai Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyalatu Sai
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaolun Ding
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shannxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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6
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Campbell NK, Fitzgerald HK, Dunne A. Regulation of inflammation by the antioxidant haem oxygenase 1. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:411-425. [PMID: 33514947 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of haem, is primarily considered an antioxidant, and has long been overlooked by immunologists. However, research over the past two decades in particular has demonstrated that HO-1 also exhibits numerous anti-inflammatory properties. These emerging immunomodulatory functions have made HO-1 an appealing target for treatment of diseases characterized by high levels of chronic inflammation. In this Review, we present an introduction to HO-1 for immunologists, including an overview of its roles in iron metabolism and antioxidant defence, and the factors which regulate its expression. We discuss the impact of HO-1 induction in specific immune cell populations and provide new insights into the immunomodulation that accompanies haem catabolism, including its relationship to immunometabolism. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of HO-1 induction to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and the issues faced when trying to translate such therapies to the clinic. Finally, we examine a number of alternative, safer strategies that are under investigation to harness the therapeutic potential of HO-1, including the use of phytochemicals, novel HO-1 inducers and carbon monoxide-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Campbell
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hannah K Fitzgerald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Photo-Polymerization Damage Protection by Hydrogen Sulfide Donors for 3D-Cell Culture Systems Optimization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116095. [PMID: 34198821 PMCID: PMC8201135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photo-polymerized hydrogels are ideally suited for stem-cell based tissue regeneration and three dimensional (3D) bioprinting because they can be highly biocompatible, injectable, easy to use, and their mechanical and physical properties can be controlled. However, photo-polymerization involves the use of potentially toxic photo-initiators, exposure to ultraviolet light radiation, formation of free radicals that trigger the cross-linking reaction, and other events whose effects on cells are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in mitigating cellular toxicity of photo-polymerization caused to resident cells during the process of hydrogel formation. H2S, which is the latest discovered member of the gasotransmitter family of gaseous signalling molecules, has a number of established beneficial properties, including cell protection from oxidative damage both directly (by acting as a scavenger molecule) and indirectly (by inducing the expression of anti-oxidant proteins in the cell). Cells were exposed to slow release H2S treatment using pre-conditioning with glutathione-conjugated-garlic extract in order to mitigate toxicity during the photo-polymerization process of hydrogel formation. The protective effects of the H2S treatment were evaluated in both an enzymatic model and a 3D cell culture system using cell viability as a quantitative indicator. The protective effect of H2S treatment of cells is a promising approach to enhance cell survival in tissue engineering applications requiring photo-polymerized hydrogel scaffolds.
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Hauptmann J, Johann L, Marini F, Kitic M, Colombo E, Mufazalov IA, Krueger M, Karram K, Moos S, Wanke F, Kurschus FC, Klein M, Cardoso S, Strauß J, Bolisetty S, Lühder F, Schwaninger M, Binder H, Bechman I, Bopp T, Agarwal A, Soares MP, Regen T, Waisman A. Interleukin-1 promotes autoimmune neuroinflammation by suppressing endothelial heme oxygenase-1 at the blood-brain barrier. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:549-567. [PMID: 32651669 PMCID: PMC7498485 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) is crucially involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Herein, we studied the role of IL-1 signaling in blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells (ECs), astrocytes and microglia for EAE development, using mice with the conditional deletion of its signaling receptor IL-1R1. We found that IL-1 signaling in microglia and astrocytes is redundant for the development of EAE, whereas the IL-1R1 deletion in BBB-ECs markedly ameliorated disease severity. IL-1 signaling in BBB-ECs upregulated the expression of the adhesion molecules Vcam-1, Icam-1 and the chemokine receptor Darc, all of which have been previously shown to promote CNS-specific inflammation. In contrast, IL-1R1 signaling suppressed the expression of the stress-responsive heme catabolizing enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in BBB-ECs, promoting disease progression via a mechanism associated with deregulated expression of the IL-1-responsive genes Vcam1, Icam1 and Ackr1 (Darc). Mechanistically, our data emphasize a functional crosstalk of BBB-EC IL-1 signaling and HO-1, controlling the transcription of downstream proinflammatory genes promoting the pathogenesis of autoimmune neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hauptmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Johann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maja Kitic
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisa Colombo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ilgiz A Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Krueger
- Anatomical Institute, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Khalad Karram
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sonja Moos
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Wanke
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian C Kurschus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Judith Strauß
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Subhashini Bolisetty
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fred Lühder
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechman
- Anatomical Institute, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Hirao H, Dery KJ, Kageyama S, Nakamura K, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Heme Oxygenase-1 in liver transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury: From bench-to-bedside. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:75-82. [PMID: 32084514 PMCID: PMC7434658 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a major risk factor for early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and acute or chronic graft rejection, contributes to donor organ shortage for life-saving orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The graft injury caused by local ischemia (warm and/or cold) leads to parenchymal cell death and release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), followed by reperfusion-triggered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of inflammatory cells, hepatocellular damage and ultimate organ failure. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a heat shock protein-32 induced under IR-stress, is an essential component of the cytoprotective mechanism in stressed livers. HO-1 regulates anti-inflammatory responses and may be crucial in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and steatosis. An emerging area of study is macrophage-derived HO-1 and its pivotal intrahepatic homeostatic function played in IRI-OLT. Indeed, ectopic hepatic HO-1 overexpression activates intracellular SIRT1/autophagy axis to serve as a key cellular self-defense mechanism in both mouse and human OLT recipients. Recent translational studies in rodents and human liver transplant patients provide novel insights into HO-1 mediated cytoprotection against sterile hepatic inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current bench-to-bedside knowledge on HO-1 molecular signaling and discuss their future therapeutic potential to mitigate IRI in OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hirao
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kenneth J Dery
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shoichi Kageyama
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kojiro Nakamura
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Surgery, Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, 5-7-1 Koji-dai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2273, Japan
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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10
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Hansen TWR, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. Molecular Physiology and Pathophysiology of Bilirubin Handling by the Blood, Liver, Intestine, and Brain in the Newborn. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1291-1346. [PMID: 32401177 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin is the end product of heme catabolism formed during a process that involves oxidation-reduction reactions and conserves iron body stores. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is common in newborn infants, but rare later in life. The basic physiology of bilirubin metabolism, such as production, transport, and excretion, has been well described. However, in the neonate, numerous variables related to nutrition, ethnicity, and genetic variants at several metabolic steps may be superimposed on the normal physiological hyperbilirubinemia that occurs in the first week of life and results in bilirubin levels that may be toxic to the brain. Bilirubin exists in several isomeric forms that differ in their polarities and is considered a physiologically important antioxidant. Here we review the chemistry of the bilirubin molecule and its metabolism in the body with a particular focus on the processes that impact the newborn infant, and how differences relative to older children and adults contribute to the risk of developing both acute and long-term neurological sequelae in the newborn infant. The final section deals with the interplay between the brain and bilirubin and its entry, clearance, and accumulation. We conclude with a discussion of the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanism(s) of bilirubin neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor W R Hansen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David K Stevenson
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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11
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Funes SC, Rios M, Fernández-Fierro A, Covián C, Bueno SM, Riedel CA, Mackern-Oberti JP, Kalergis AM. Naturally Derived Heme-Oxygenase 1 Inducers and Their Therapeutic Application to Immune-Mediated Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1467. [PMID: 32849503 PMCID: PMC7396584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is the primary antioxidant enzyme involved in heme group degradation. A variety of stimuli triggers the expression of the inducible HO-1 isoform, which is modulated by its substrate and cellular stressors. A major anti-inflammatory role has been assigned to the HO-1 activity. Therefore, in recent years HO-1 induction has been employed as an approach to treating several disorders displaying some immune alterations components, such as exacerbated inflammation or self-reactivity. Many natural compounds have shown to be effective inductors of HO-1 without cytotoxic effects; among them, most are chemicals present in plants used as food, flavoring, and medicine. Here we discuss some naturally derived compounds involved in HO-1 induction, their impact in the immune response modulation, and the beneficial effect in diverse autoimmune disorders. We conclude that the use of some compounds from natural sources able to induce HO-1 is an attractive lifestyle toward promoting human health. This review opens a new outlook on the investigation of naturally derived HO-1 inducers, mainly concerning autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta C Funes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Rios
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ayleen Fernández-Fierro
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Covián
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millenium Institute on Immunolgy and Immunotherapy, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, IMBECU CCT Mendoza- CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Estrogen Receptors and Estrogen-Induced Uterine Vasodilation in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124349. [PMID: 32570961 PMCID: PMC7352873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is associated with dramatic increases in uterine blood flow to facilitate the bidirectional maternal–fetal exchanges of respiratory gases and to provide sole nutrient support for fetal growth and survival. The mechanism(s) underlying pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation remain incompletely understood, but this is associated with elevated estrogens, which stimulate specific estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent vasodilator production in the uterine artery (UA). The classical ERs (ERα and ERβ) and the plasma-bound G protein-coupled ER (GPR30/GPER) are expressed in UA endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, mediating the vasodilatory effects of estrogens through genomic and/or nongenomic pathways that are likely epigenetically modified. The activation of these three ERs by estrogens enhances the endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO), which has been shown to play a key role in uterine vasodilation during pregnancy. However, the local blockade of NO biosynthesis only partially attenuates estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation, suggesting that mechanisms other than NO exist to mediate uterine vasodilation. In this review, we summarize the literature on the role of NO in ER-mediated mechanisms controlling estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation and our recent work on a “new” UA vasodilator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that has dramatically changed our view of how estrogens regulate uterine vasodilation in pregnancy.
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13
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Morris G, Puri BK, Walker AJ, Berk M, Walder K, Bortolasci CC, Marx W, Carvalho AF, Maes M. The compensatory antioxidant response system with a focus on neuroprogressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109708. [PMID: 31351160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major antioxidant responses to increased levels of inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (ONS) are detailed. In response to increasing levels of nitric oxide, S-nitrosylation of cysteine thiol groups leads to post-transcriptional modification of many cellular proteins and thereby regulates their activity and allows cellular adaptation to increased levels of ONS. S-nitrosylation inhibits the function of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, toll-like receptor-mediated signalling and the activity of several mitogen-activated protein kinases, while activating nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2); in turn, the redox-regulated activation of Nrf2 leads to increased levels and/or activity of key enzymes and transporter systems involved in the glutathione system. The Nrf2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 axis is associated with upregulation of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, which in turn has anti-inflammatory effects. Increased Nrf2 transcriptional activity also leads to activation of haem oxygenase-1, which is associated with upregulation of bilirubin, biliverdin and biliverdin reductase as well as increased carbon monoxide signalling, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Associated transcriptional responses, which may be mediated by retrograde signalling owing to elevated hydrogen peroxide, include the unfolded protein response (UPR), mitohormesis and the mitochondrial UPR; the UPR also results from increasing levels of mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species leading to nitrosylation, glutathionylation, oxidation and nitration of crucial cysteine and tyrosine causing protein misfolding and the development of endoplasmic reticulum stress. It is shown how these mechanisms co-operate in forming a co-ordinated rapid and prolonged compensatory antioxidant response system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Walker
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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14
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Cronin SJF, Woolf CJ, Weiss G, Penninger JM. The Role of Iron Regulation in Immunometabolism and Immune-Related Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:116. [PMID: 31824960 PMCID: PMC6883604 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism explores how the intracellular metabolic pathways in immune cells can regulate their function under different micro-environmental and (patho-)-physiological conditions (Pearce, 2010; Buck et al., 2015; O'Neill and Pearce, 2016). In the last decade great advances have been made in studying and manipulating metabolic programs in immune cells. Immunometabolism has primarily focused on glycolysis, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as well as free fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. These pathways are important for providing the energy needs of cell growth, membrane rigidity, cytokine production and proliferation. In this review, we will however, highlight the specific role of iron metabolism at the cellular and organismal level, as well as how the bioavailability of this metal orchestrates complex metabolic programs in immune cell homeostasis and inflammation. We will also discuss how dysregulation of iron metabolism contributes to alterations in the immune system and how these novel insights into iron regulation can be targeted to metabolically manipulate immune cell function under pathophysiological conditions, providing new therapeutic opportunities for autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane J F Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Eleuteri S, Fierabracci A. Insights into the Secretome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Potential Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184597. [PMID: 31533317 PMCID: PMC6770239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have regenerative, immunoregulatory properties and can be easily isolated and expanded in vitro. Despite being a powerful tool for clinical applications, they present limitations in terms of delivery, safety, and variability of therapeutic response. Interestingly, the MSC secretome composed by cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteins, and extracellular vesicles, could represent a valid alternative to their use. It is noteworthy that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have the same effect and could be advantageous compared to the parental cells because of their specific miRNAs load. MiRNAs could be useful both in diagnostic procedures such as “liquid biopsy” to identify early pathologies and in the therapeutic field. Not only are MSC-EVs’ preservation, transfer, and production easier, but their administration is also safer, hence some clinical trials are ongoing. However, much effort is required to improve the characterization of EVs to avoid artifacts and guarantee reproducibility of the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Eleuteri
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Area, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Area, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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16
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Lee GR, Shaefi S, Otterbein LE. HO-1 and CD39: It Takes Two to Protect the Realm. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1765. [PMID: 31402920 PMCID: PMC6676250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protective mechanisms exist to ensure survival of the cells and are a fundamental feature of all cells that is necessary for adapting to changes in the environment. Indeed, evolution has ensured that each cell is equipped with multiple overlapping families of genes that safeguard against pathogens, injury, stress, and dysfunctional metabolic processes. Two of the better-known enzymatic systems, conserved through all species, include the heme oxygenases (HO-1/HO-2), and the ectonucleotidases (CD39/73). Each of these systems generates critical bioactive products that regulate the cellular response to a stressor. Absence of these molecules results in the cell being extremely predisposed to collapse and, in most cases, results in the death of the cell. Recent reports have begun to link these two metabolic pathways, and what were once exclusively stand-alone are now being found to be intimately interrelated and do so through their innate ability to generate bioactive products including adenosine, carbon monoxide, and bilirubin. These simple small molecules elicit profound cellular physiologic responses that impact a number of innate immune responses, and participate in the regulation of inflammation and tissue repair. Collectively these enzymes are linked not only because of the mitochondria being the source of their substrates, but perhaps more importantly, because of the impact of their products on specific cellular responses. This review will provide a synopsis of the current state of the field regarding how these systems are linked and how they are now being leveraged as therapeutic modalities in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghee Rye Lee
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shahzad Shaefi
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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17
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Bisht K, Canesin G, Cheytan T, Li M, Nemeth Z, Csizmadia E, Woodruff TM, Stec DE, Bulmer AC, Otterbein LE, Wegiel B. Deletion of Biliverdin Reductase A in Myeloid Cells Promotes Chemokine Expression and Chemotaxis in Part via a Complement C5a--C5aR1 Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2982-2990. [PMID: 30952817 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase (BVR)-A is a pleotropic enzyme converting biliverdin to bilirubin and a signaling molecule that has cytoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. We recently showed that biliverdin inhibits the expression of complement activation fragment 5a receptor one (C5aR1) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In this study, we investigated the role of BVR-A in determining macrophage inflammatory phenotype and function via regulation of C5aR1. We assessed expression of C5aR1, M1-like macrophage markers, including chemokines (RANTES, IP-10), as well as chemotaxis in response to LPS and C5a in bone marrow-derived macrophages from BVR fl/fl and LysM-Cre:BVR fl / fl mice (conditional deletion of BVR-A in myeloid cells). In response to LPS, macrophages isolated from LysM-Cre:BVR fl/fl showed significantly elevated levels of C5aR1 as well as chemokines (RANTES, IP10) but not proinflammatory markers, such as iNOS and TNF. An increase in C5aR1 expression was also observed in peritoneal macrophages and several tissues from LysM-Cre:BVR fl/fl mice in a model of endotoxemia. In addition, knockdown of BVR-A resulted in enhanced macrophage chemotaxis toward C5a. Part of the effects of BVR-A deletion on chemotaxis and RANTES expression were blocked in the presence of a C5aR1 neutralizing Ab, confirming the role of C5a-C5aR1 signaling in mediating the effects of BVR. In summary, BVR-A plays an important role in regulating macrophage chemotaxis in response to C5a via modulation of C5aR1 expression. In addition, macrophages lacking BVR-A are characterized by the expression of M1 polarization-associated chemokines, the levels of which depend in part on C5aR1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bisht
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.,Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Giacomo Canesin
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Tasneem Cheytan
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Mailin Li
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Zsuzsanna Nemeth
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216; and
| | - Andrew C Bulmer
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Barbara Wegiel
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215;
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18
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Xing R, Zou Q, Yuan C, Zhao L, Chang R, Yan X. Self-Assembling Endogenous Biliverdin as a Versatile Near-Infrared Photothermal Nanoagent for Cancer Theranostics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900822. [PMID: 30828877 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal nanomaterials that integrate multimodal imaging and therapeutic functions provide promising opportunities for noninvasive and targeted diagnosis and treatment in precision medicine. However, the clinical translation of existing photothermal nanoagents is severely hindered by their unclear physiological metabolism, which makes them a strong concern for biosafety. Here, the utilization of biliverdin (BV), an endogenic near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing pigment with well-studied metabolic pathways, to develop photothermal nanoagents with the aim of providing efficient and metabolizable candidates for tumor diagnosis and therapy, is demonstrated. It is shown that BV nanoagents with intense NIR absorption, long-term photostability and colloidal stability, and high photothermal conversion efficiency can be readily constructed by the supramolecular multicomponent self-assembly of BV, metal-binding short peptides, and metal ions through the reciprocity and synergy of coordination and multiple noncovalent interactions. In vivo data reveal that the BV nanoagents selectively accumulate in tumors, locally elevate tumor temperature under mild NIR irradiation, and consequently induce efficient photothermal tumor ablation with promising biocompatibility. Furthermore, the BV nanoagents can serve as a multimodal contrast for tumor visualization through both photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging. BV has no biosafety concerns, and thereby offers a great potential in precision medicine by integrating multiple theranostic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qianli Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chengqian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Luyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Rui Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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19
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Modulation of the monocyte/macrophage system in heart failure by targeting heme oxygenase-1. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:79-90. [PMID: 30213580 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Upon myocardial infarction (MI) immune system becomes activated by extensive necrosis of cardiomyocytes releasing intracellular molecules called damage-associated molecular patterns. Overactive and prolonged immune responses are likely to be responsible for heart failure development and progression in patients surviving the ischemic episode. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a crucial role in heme degradation and in this way releases carbon monoxide, free iron, and biliverdin. This stress-inducible enzyme is induced by various oxidative and inflammatory signals. Consequently, biological actions of HO-1 are not limited to degradation of a toxic heme released from hemoproteins, but also provide an adaptive cellular response against chronic inflammation and oxidative injury. Indeed, the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of HO-1 were demonstrated in several experimental studies, as well as in human cases of genetic HO-1 deficiency. HO-1 was shown to suppress the production, myocardial infiltration and inflammatory properties of monocytes and macrophages what resulted in limitation of post-MI cardiac damage. This review specifically addresses the role of HO-1, heme and its degradation products in macrophage biology and post-ischemic cardiac repair. A more complete understanding of these mechanisms is essential to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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20
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Immune challenges decrease biliverdin concentration in the spleen of northern Bobwhite quail, Colinus virginianus. J Comp Physiol B 2018; 188:505-515. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-018-1146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Trujillo-Ochoa JL, Corral-Jara KF, Charles-Niño CL, Panduro A, Fierro NA. Conjugated Bilirubin Upregulates TIM-3 Expression on CD4 +CD25 + T Cells: Anti-Inflammatory Implications for Hepatitis A Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2017; 31:223-232. [PMID: 29099687 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR), a metabolite with increased concentrations in plasma during viral hepatitis, has been recognized as a potential immune-modulator. We recently reported that conjugated BR (CB) augments regulatory T cell (Treg) suppressor activity during acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. However, the mechanisms related to the effects of CB on Treg function in the course of hepatotropic viral diseases have not been elucidated. T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), via its interactions with galectin-9 (GAL-9), is a receptor associated with enhanced Treg function. Thus, TIM-3 expression may be related to the crosstalk between CB and Tregs during HAV infection. Herein, in vitro treatment with high concentrations of CB upregulated TIM-3 expression on Tregs from healthy donors. CB treatment in vitro did not induce de novo Treg generation, and in vitro stimulation with TGF-β, which shows increased secretion during HAV infection, resulted in a trend toward increased TIM-3 expression on Tregs and CD4+ T lymphocytes (TLs) from healthy donors. Interestingly, an upregulation of TIM-3 expression on CD4+CD25+ T cells and an increase in the proportion of CD4+ TLs expressing GAL-9 were found in HAV-infected patients with abnormal CB values relative to healthy controls. In addition, a statistically significantly reduction in IL-17F production was observed after treatment of CD4+ TLs from healthy donors with high doses of CB in vitro. In summary, our results suggest that CB might regulate Treg activity via a TIM-3-mediated mechanism, ultimately leading to an anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Trujillo-Ochoa
- 1 Unidad de Inmunovirología, Servicio de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Guadalajara, México .,2 Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, México
| | - Karla F Corral-Jara
- 1 Unidad de Inmunovirología, Servicio de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Guadalajara, México .,3 Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, México
| | - Claudia L Charles-Niño
- 4 Departamento de Microbiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, México
| | - Arturo Panduro
- 3 Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, México .,5 Servicio de Biología Molecular, Hospital Civil of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Guadalajara, México
| | - Nora A Fierro
- 1 Unidad de Inmunovirología, Servicio de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde," Guadalajara, México .,2 Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, México
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22
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Protective effect of zerumbone reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via antioxidative enzymes and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Otterbein LE, Foresti R, Motterlini R. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide in the Heart: The Balancing Act Between Danger Signaling and Pro-Survival. Circ Res 2017; 118:1940-1959. [PMID: 27283533 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes governing the ability of the heart to repair and regenerate after injury is crucial for developing translational medical solutions. New avenues of exploration include cardiac cell therapy and cellular reprogramming targeting cell death and regeneration. An attractive possibility is the exploitation of cytoprotective genes that exist solely for self-preservation processes and serve to promote and support cell survival. Although the antioxidant and heat-shock proteins are included in this category, one enzyme that has received a great deal of attention as a master protective sentinel is heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting step in the catabolism of heme into the bioactive signaling molecules carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and iron. The remarkable cardioprotective effects ascribed to heme oxygenase-1 are best evidenced by its ability to regulate inflammatory processes, cellular signaling, and mitochondrial function ultimately mitigating myocardial tissue injury and the progression of vascular-proliferative disease. We discuss here new insights into the role of heme oxygenase-1 and heme on cardiovascular health, and importantly, how they might be leveraged to promote heart repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 12, Créteil, 94000, France.,University Paris Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 12, Créteil, 94000, France.,University Paris Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, 94000, France
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Chu WT, Nesbitt NM, Gnatenko DV, Li Z, Zhang B, Seeliger MA, Browne S, Mantle TJ, Bahou WF, Wang J. Enzymatic Activity and Thermodynamic Stability of Biliverdin IXβ Reductase Are Maintained by an Active Site Serine. Chemistry 2017; 23:1891-1900. [PMID: 27897348 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase IXβ (BLVRB) is a crucial enzyme in heme metabolism. Recent studies in humans have identified a loss-of-function mutation (Ser111Leu) that unmasks a fundamentally important role in hematopoiesis. We have undertaken experimental and thermodynamic modeling studies to provide further insight into the role of the cofactor in substrate accessibility and protein folding properties regulating BLVRB catalytic mechanisms. Site-directed mutagenesis with molecular dynamic (MD) simulations establish the critical role of NAD(P)H-dependent conformational changes on substrate accessibility by forming the "hydrophobic pocket", along with identification of a single key residue (Arg35) modulating NADPH/NADH selectivity. Loop80 and Loop120 block the hydrophobic substrate binding pocket in apo BLVRB (open), whereas movement of these structures after cofactor binding results in the "closed" (catalytically active) conformation. Both enzymatic activity and thermodynamic stability are affected by mutation(s) involving Ser111, which is located in the core of the BLVRB active site. This work 1) elucidates the crucial role of Ser111 in enzymatic catalysis and thermodynamic stability by active site hydrogen bond network; 2) defines a dynamic model for apo BLVRB extending beyond the crystal structure of the binary BLVRB/NADP+ complex; 3) provides a structural basis for the "encounter" and "equilibrium" states of the binary complex, which are regulated by NAD(P)H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Natasha M Nesbitt
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Dmitri V Gnatenko
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Zongdong Li
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Markus A Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Seamus Browne
- Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Wadie F Bahou
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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25
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Basdeo SA, Campbell NK, Sullivan LM, Flood B, Creagh EM, Mantle TJ, Fletcher JM, Dunne A. Suppression of human alloreactive T cells by linear tetrapyrroles; relevance for transplantation. Transl Res 2016; 178:81-94.e2. [PMID: 27497182 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The main limitation to successful transplantation is the antigraft response developed by the recipient immune system, and the adverse side effects of immunosuppressive agents which are associated with significant toxicity and counter indications such as infection and cancer. Furthermore, immunosuppressants do little to prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury during the transplantation procedure itself hence there is a growing need to develop novel immunosuppressive drugs specifically aimed at prolonging graft survival. Linear tetrapyrroles derived from the breakdown of mammalian heme have been shown in numerous studies to play a protective role in allograft transplantation and ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, commercial sources of these products have not been approved for use in humans. Plants and algae produce equivalent linear tetrapyrroles called bilins that serve as chromophores in light-sensing. One such marine-derived tetrapyrrole, phycocyanobilin (PCB), shows significant structural similarity to mammalian biliverdin (BV) and may prove to be a safer alternative for use in the clinic if it can exert direct effects on human immune cells. Using a mixed lymphocyte reaction, we quantified the allogeneic responses of recipient cells to donor cells and found that PCB, like BV, effectively suppressed proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production. In addition, we found that BV and PCB can directly downregulate the proinflammatory responses of both innate dendritic cells and adaptive T cells. We therefore propose that PCB may be an effective therapeutic drug in the clinical setting of transplantation and may also have wider applications in regulating inappropriate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharee A Basdeo
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicole K Campbell
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Louise M Sullivan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brian Flood
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Emma M Creagh
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Timothy J Mantle
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jean M Fletcher
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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26
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Hussain MS, Qureshi AI, Kirmani JF, Divani AA, Hopkins LN. Development of Vascular Biology over the past 10 Years: Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cardiovascular Homeostasis. J Endovasc Ther 2016; 11 Suppl 2:II32-42. [PMID: 15760262 DOI: 10.1177/15266028040110s616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study of vascular biology has provided strong evidence for the role that free radical attack plays in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction that results from exposure to oxidative stresses, such as oxidized LDL, influences vascular cell gene expression, promoting smooth muscle cell (SMC) mitogenesis and apoptosis. These factors also play an important role in atherogenesis, which is attenuated by antioxidants. Thus, antioxidants are important to understanding the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and to constructing an effective treatment strategy for these patients. Over the last decade, there has been a tremendous interest in the biology of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which exhibits antioxidant effects in various forms of tissue injury. Moreover, the reaction is also the major source of carbon dioxide (CO) in the body, which is a physiologically important gaseous vasodilator that inhibits SMC proliferation. Thus, HO-1–derived products provide various mechanisms to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. We review recent work on the cellular and molecular biological aspects of the HO/CO system in vascular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shazam Hussain
- Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
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Conjugated Bilirubin Differentially Regulates CD4+ T Effector Cells and T Regulatory Cell Function through Outside-In and Inside-Out Mechanisms: The Effects of HAV Cell Surface Receptor and Intracellular Signaling. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1759027. [PMID: 27578921 PMCID: PMC4989079 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1759027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported an immune-modulatory role of conjugated bilirubin (CB) in hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. During this infection the immune response relies on CD4+ T lymphocytes (TLs) and it may be affected by the interaction of HAV with its cellular receptor (HAVCR1/TIM-1) on T cell surface. How CB might affect T cell function during HAV infection remains to be elucidated. Herein, in vitro stimulation of CD4+ TLs from healthy donors with CB resulted in a decrease in the degree of intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation and an increase in the activity of T regulatory cells (Tregs) expressing HAVCR1/TIM-1. A comparison between CD4+ TLs from healthy donors and HAV-infected patients revealed changes in the TCR signaling pathway relative to changes in CB levels. The proportion of CD4+CD25+ TLs increased in patients with low CB serum levels and an increase in the percentage of Tregs expressing HAVCR1/TIM-1 was found in HAV-infected patients relative to controls. A low frequency of 157insMTTTVP insertion in the viral receptor gene HAVCR1/TIM-1 was found in patients and controls. Our data revealed that, during HAV infection, CB differentially regulates CD4+ TLs and Tregs functions by modulating intracellular pathways and by inducing changes in the proportion of Tregs expressing HAVCR1/TIM-1.
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Ahmed FH, Mohamed AE, Carr PD, Lee BM, Condic-Jurkic K, O'Mara ML, Jackson CJ. Rv2074 is a novel F420 H2 -dependent biliverdin reductase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Protein Sci 2016; 25:1692-709. [PMID: 27364382 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant that is produced from the reduction of the heme degradation product biliverdin. In mammalian cells and Cyanobacteria, NADH/NADPH-dependent biliverdin reductases (BVRs) of the Rossmann-fold have been shown to catalyze this reaction. Here, we describe the characterization of Rv2074 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which belongs to a structurally and mechanistically distinct family of F420 H2 -dependent BVRs (F-BVRs) that are exclusively found in Actinobacteria. We have solved the crystal structure of Rv2074 bound to its cofactor, F420 , and used this alongside molecular dynamics simulations, site-directed mutagenesis and NMR spectroscopy to elucidate its catalytic mechanism. The production of bilirubin by Rv2074 could exploit the anti-oxidative properties of bilirubin and contribute to the range of immuno-evasive mechanisms that have evolved in M. tuberculosis to allow persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hafna Ahmed
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - A Elaaf Mohamed
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Paul D Carr
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Brendon M Lee
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Karmen Condic-Jurkic
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Megan L O'Mara
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Ryter SW, Choi AMK. Targeting heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide for therapeutic modulation of inflammation. Transl Res 2016; 167:7-34. [PMID: 26166253 PMCID: PMC4857893 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme system remains an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. HO-1, a cellular stress protein, serves a vital metabolic function as the rate-limiting step in the degradation of heme to generate carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), the latter which is converted to bilirubin-IXα (BR). HO-1 may function as a pleiotropic regulator of inflammatory signaling programs through the generation of its biologically active end products, namely CO, BV and BR. CO, when applied exogenously, can affect apoptotic, proliferative, and inflammatory cellular programs. Specifically, CO can modulate the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. HO-1 and CO may also have immunomodulatory effects with respect to regulating the functions of antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells. Therapeutic strategies to modulate HO-1 in disease include the application of natural-inducing compounds and gene therapy approaches for the targeted genetic overexpression or knockdown of HO-1. Several compounds have been used therapeutically to inhibit HO activity, including competitive inhibitors of the metalloporphyrin series or noncompetitive isoform-selective derivatives of imidazole-dioxolanes. The end products of HO activity, CO, BV and BR may be used therapeutically as pharmacologic treatments. CO may be applied by inhalation or through the use of CO-releasing molecules. This review will discuss HO-1 as a therapeutic target in diseases involving inflammation, including lung and vascular injury, sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Ryter
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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30
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Corral-Jara KF, Trujillo-Ochoa JL, Realpe M, Panduro A, Roman S, Fierro NA. Rethinking the immune properties of bilirubin in viral hepatitis: from bench to bedside. Clin Transl Immunology 2015; 4:e54. [PMID: 26719800 PMCID: PMC4685441 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between the immune system and metabolic components can be exemplified by the process of heme catabolism. The immunomodulatory functions of the enzymes, substrates and active products related to catabolism of the heme group have been extensively studied. Bilirubin (BR), the final breakdown product of heme, is primarily considered to be a toxic waste product but has recently been considered to be an immunomodulatory metabolite. Through mechanisms that include intracellular signaling and transcriptional control, BR affects those immune cell functions that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. During the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis, the heme degradation pathway is disrupted, resulting in changes to normal BR concentrations. These alterations have been previously studied mainly as a consequence of the infection. However, little is known about the potential immunomodulatory role played by BR in the development of infectious hepatocellular diseases. Differences in BR levels in the context of viral hepatitis are likely to provide important insights into the metabolite-mediated mechanisms controlling the immune responses underlying both the long-term persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the resolution of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection during the acute phase. In this review, the cross-talk between heme catabolism and immune function is described in detail. Special emphasis is given to discoveries that hold promise for identifying immunologic features of metabolic products in the resolution of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla F Corral-Jara
- Unidad de Inmunovirología, Servicio de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara 'Fray Antonio Alcalde' , Guadalajara, Mexico ; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge L Trujillo-Ochoa
- Unidad de Inmunovirología, Servicio de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara 'Fray Antonio Alcalde' , Guadalajara, Mexico ; Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Realpe
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Arturo Panduro
- Servicio de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Hospital Civil of Guadalajara 'Fray Antonio Alcalde' , Guadalajara, Mexico ; Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Sonia Roman
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, Mexico ; Servicio de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Hospital Civil of Guadalajara 'Fray Antonio Alcalde' , Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Nora A Fierro
- Unidad de Inmunovirología, Servicio de Biología Molecular en Medicina, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara 'Fray Antonio Alcalde' , Guadalajara, Mexico ; Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara, Mexico
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Gibbs PEM, Miralem T, Maines MD. Biliverdin reductase: a target for cancer therapy? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:119. [PMID: 26089799 PMCID: PMC4452799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase (BVR) is a multifunctional protein that is the primary source of the potent antioxidant, bilirubin. BVR regulates activities/functions in the insulin/IGF-1/IRK/PI3K/MAPK pathways. Activation of certain kinases in these pathways is/are hallmark(s) of cancerous cells. The protein is a scaffold/bridge and intracellular transporter of kinases that regulate growth and proliferation of cells, including PKCs, ERK and Akt, and their targets including NF-κB, Elk1, HO-1, and iNOS. The scaffold and transport functions enable activated BVR to relocate from the cytosol to the nucleus or to the plasma membrane, depending on the activating stimulus. This enables the reductase to function in diverse signaling pathways. And, its expression at the transcript and protein levels are increased in human tumors and the infiltrating T-cells, monocytes and circulating lymphocytes, as well as the circulating and infiltrating macrophages. These functions suggest that the cytoprotective role of BVR may be permissive for cancer/tumor growth. In this review, we summarize the recent developments that define the pro-growth activities of BVR, particularly with respect to its input into the MAPK signaling pathway and present evidence that BVR-based peptides inhibit activation of protein kinases, including MEK, PKCδ, and ERK as well as downstream targets including Elk1 and iNOS, and thus offers a credible novel approach to reduce cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E M Gibbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tihomir Miralem
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mahin D Maines
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, NY, USA
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Ryu HS, Lee HK, Kim JS, Kim YG, Pyo M, Yun J, Hwang BY, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Saucerneol D inhibits dendritic cell activation by inducing heme oxygenase-1, but not by directly inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:92-101. [PMID: 25792017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saururus chinensis is a medicinal plant used to treat jaundice, pneumonia, edema, fever, and several inflammatory diseases. Saucerneol D (SD), a lignan constituent of this plant, has antioxidant, anti-asthmatic, and anti-inflammatory activities. SD has been previously reported to inhibit the pro-inflammatory responses of RAW264.7 cells and primary mast cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of SD on the functions of dendritic cells (DCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS SD was isolated from methanol extract of the roots of S. chinensis. Bone marrow-derived DCs were used as target cells. The effects of SD on the following DC functions were examined: surface molecule expression, cytokine expression, migration, allogenic T cell activation, heme oxygenase-1 expression, and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. RESULTS In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated DCs, SD inhibited the expression of cell surface molecules (MHC I/II, CD40, CD80, and CD86), the production of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, IL-12, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and allogenic T cell activation capacity. SD also inhibited DC migration toward MIP-3β by down-regulating CCR7 expression. SD attenuated LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling in DCs, but did not directly inhibit kinase activities of IRAK1, IRAK4, TAK1, or IKKβ in enzymatic assays. SD did not inhibit LPS binding to myeloid differentiation protein-2, co-receptor of TLR4. SD increased the production of reactive oxygen species, Nrf-2, and heme oxygenase (HO)-1, which degrades the heme to immunosuppressive carbon monoxide and biliverdin, which may underlie the anti-inflammatory effects in SD-treated DCs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that SD suppresses LPS-induced activation of DCs through the induction of HO-1, but not by directly affecting Toll-like receptor 4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Sun Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Hong Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Ji Sung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Yong Guk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Minji Pyo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 362-763, South Korea.
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Gray DW, Welsh MD, Doherty S, Mansoor F, Chevallier OP, Elliott CT, Mooney MH. Identification of systemic immune response markers through metabolomic profiling of plasma from calves given an intra-nasally delivered respiratory vaccine. Vet Res 2015; 46:7. [PMID: 25828073 PMCID: PMC4327799 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination procedures within the cattle industry are important disease control tools to minimize economic and welfare burdens associated with respiratory pathogens. However, new vaccine, antigen and carrier technologies are required to combat emerging viral strains and enhance the efficacy of respiratory vaccines, particularly at the point of pathogen entry. New technologies, specifically metabolomic profiling, could be applied to identify metabolite immune-correlates representative of immune protection following vaccination aiding in the design and screening of vaccine candidates. This study for the first time demonstrates the ability of untargeted UPLC-MS metabolomic profiling to identify metabolite immune correlates characteristic of immune responses following mucosal vaccination in calves. Male Holstein Friesian calves were vaccinated with Pfizer Rispoval® PI3 + RSV intranasal vaccine and metabolomic profiling of post-vaccination plasma revealed 12 metabolites whose peak intensities differed significantly from controls. Plasma levels of glycocholic acid, N-[(3α,5β,12α)-3,12-Dihydroxy-7,24-dioxocholan-24-yl]glycine, uric acid and biliverdin were found to be significantly elevated in vaccinated animals following secondary vaccine administration, whereas hippuric acid significantly decreased. In contrast, significant upregulation of taurodeoxycholic acid and propionylcarnitine levels were confined to primary vaccine administration. Assessment of such metabolite markers may provide greater information on the immune pathways stimulated from vaccine formulations and benchmarking early metabolomic responses to highly immunogenic vaccine formulations could provide a means for rapidly assessing new vaccine formulations. Furthermore, the identification of metabolic systemic immune response markers which relate to specific cell signaling pathways of the immune system could allow for targeted vaccine design to stimulate key pathways which can be assessed at the metabolic level.
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Bai B, Liu Y, You Y, Li Y, Ma L. Intraperitoneally administered biliverdin protects against UVB-induced skin photo-damage in hairless mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 144:35-41. [PMID: 25689514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is shown to be responsible for ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced skin cancer and premature aging. Biliverdin (BVD), a product of heme oxygenase-1, has strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BVD on UVB-induced skin photo-damage in hairless mice. Mice were divided into three groups: control group, UVB group (only UVB irradiation) and BVD+UVB group (mice were intraperitoneally injected with BVD before each UVB irradiation). Intraperitoneal BVD injection resulted in a significant photoprotective effect by reducing morphological and histopathological changes to the skin. BVD also exhibited a significant antioxidant effect by increasing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and decreasing the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level compared with the control group. In addition, BVD activated biliverdin reductase (BVR) expression and inhibited the UVB-induced increase of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation (p-p38MAPK), MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-1 and MMP-3 expression (p<0.05). It also significantly decreased the interleukin (IL)-6 level compared with the UVB group (p<0.05). In conclusion, these data suggest that the intraperitoneally administered BVD can prevent UVB irradiation-induced skin photo-damage in hairless mice and that this is likely mediated by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms and cell signal regulatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Bai
- The Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
| | - Yingdi Liu
- The Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
| | - Yan You
- The Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150040, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- The Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China
| | - Liangjuan Ma
- The Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province 150081, China.
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Zhang J, Vandevenne P, Hamdi H, Van Puyvelde M, Zucchi A, Bettonville M, Weatherly K, Braun MY. Micro-RNA-155-mediated control of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is required for restoring adaptively tolerant CD4+ T-cell function in rodents. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:829-42. [PMID: 25641586 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
T cells chronically stimulated by a persistent antigen often become dysfunctional and lose effector functions and proliferative capacity. To identify the importance of micro-RNA-155 (miR-155) in this phenomenon, we analyzed mouse miR-155-deficient CD4(+) T cells in a model where the chronic exposure to a systemic antigen led to T-cell functional unresponsiveness. We found that miR-155 was required for restoring function of T cells after programmed death receptor 1 blockade. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) was identified as a specific target of miR-155 and inhibition of HO-1 activity restored the expansion and tissue migration capacity of miR-155(-/-) CD4(+) T cells. Moreover, miR-155-mediated control of HO-1 expression in CD4(+) T cells was shown to sustain in vivo antigen-specific expansion and IL-2 production. Thus, our data identify HO-1 regulation as a mechanism by which miR-155 promotes T-cell-driven inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zahir F, Rabbani G, Khan RH, Rizvi SJ, Jamal MS, Abuzenadah AM. The pharmacological features of bilirubin: the question of the century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/cmble-2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis review looks at the toxicity and metabolism of bilirubin in terms of its pharmacological potential. Its role has gained importance as more research has revealed the functional significance and interrelationship between the gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. The biological actions of bilirubin have mostly been characterized in the high micromolar range where toxic effects occur. However, it could also prove to be an important cytoprotector for brain tissue, which is inherently less equipped for antioxidant defense. Plasma bilirubin levels negatively correlate to a number of disease states. Higher levels of bilirubin that are still within the normal range provide a protective effect to the body. The effects on various disorders could be tested using controlled pharmacological upregulation of the molecule with animal models. At nanomolar concentrations, considerable benefits have been obtained when the molecule was delivered pharmacologically under in vitro or in vivo test conditions, particularly in neurodegenerative disorders and after tissue or organ transplantation. The induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor or the use of bile pigments in the harvesting of diseased tissue are novel applications, and like every new therapy, should be used with caution. HMOX-1 is tissue specific, and in exceptional states, such as schizophrenia and specific types of renal disorder, the same therapy may have disastrous effects.
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Chen J. Heme oxygenase in neuroprotection: from mechanisms to therapeutic implications. Rev Neurosci 2014; 25:269-80. [PMID: 24501157 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2013-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) was regarded as an enzyme to degrade heme in aging red blood cells; recent studies suggested HO might have other functions such as neuroprotection. HO degrades heme to produce carbon monoxide (CO), iron (Fe²⁺) and biliverdin, which is rapidly converted to bilirubin (BR). Three isoforms of HO were identified in the brain: inducible form (HO-1) and constitutive forms (HO-2 and HO-3). HO-1 and HO-2 may have different mechanisms to protect neurons from oxidative stress. HO-1 is normally barely detectable in the brain. HO-1 can be induced mainly in microglia and astrocytes by oxidative stimulus rapidly. HO-1 might function as an emerging molecule to protect neurons against acute insults mediated by facilitating iron efflux from cells under stress conditions. Up-regulation of HO-1 was also found in brain glial cells in the aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This may lead to iron deposition and oxidative mitochondrial injury. HO-1 may confer neuroprotection or neurotoxic effect because of the balance between beneficial and toxic effects of heme and heme products. Pharmacological modulation of HO-1 induction represents a therapeutic strategy for several nervous system disorders. HO-2 predominantly expressed in neurons. Bilirubin has been demonstrated to protect neurons from oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Bilirubin can be oxidized to biliverdin by scavenging peroxyl radicals. HO-2 could protect neurons through bilirubin pathway. HO-2 might also promote neuronal survival through the CO-cGMP-MAPK pathway. Biliverdin/bilirubin may be possible therapeutic candidates to treat nervous system disease related with oxidative damage.
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Boon AC, Bulmer AC, Coombes JS, Fassett RG. Circulating bilirubin and defense against kidney disease and cardiovascular mortality: mechanisms contributing to protection in clinical investigations. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F123-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00039.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconjugated bilirubin is an endogenous circulating antioxidant, bound to albumin, and therefore is retained in the vascular compartment. Bilirubin has well-documented neurotoxic effects in infants; however, current evidence indicates mildly elevated bilirubin is associated with protection from cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in adults. Recent clinical studies show mildly elevated bilirubin is associated with protection from kidney damage and dysfunction, in addition to cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This is the first review to examine the clinical evidence and summarize the potential mechanisms of action that link bilirubin to protection from kidney damage, subsequent kidney failure, and dialysis-related mortality. With this understanding, it is hoped that new therapies will be developed to prevent renal dysfunction and mortality from cardiovascular disease in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ching Boon
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; and
| | - Andrew C. Bulmer
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; and
| | - Jeff S. Coombes
- School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Robert G. Fassett
- School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Ahanger AA, Leo MD, Gopal A, Kant V, Tandan SK, Kumar D. Pro-healing effects of bilirubin in open excision wound model in rats. Int Wound J 2014; 13:398-402. [PMID: 24947136 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin, a by-product of heme degradation, has an important role in cellular protection. Therefore, we speculated that bilirubin could be of potential therapeutic value in wound healing. To validate the hypothesis, we used a full-thickness cutaneous wound model in rats. Bilirubin (30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally every day for 9 days. The surface area of the wound was measured on days 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10 after the creation of the wound. The granulation tissue was collected on day 10 post-wounding for analysing various parameters of wound healing. Bilirubin treatment accelerated wound contraction and increased hydroxyproline and glucosamine contents. mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were down-regulated and that of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) was up-regulated. The findings suggest that bilirubin could be a new agent for enhancing cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad A Ahanger
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Marie D Leo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anu Gopal
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Vinay Kant
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Surendra K Tandan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Bisht K, Wegiel B, Tampe J, Neubauer O, Wagner KH, Otterbein LE, Bulmer AC. Biliverdin modulates the expression of C5aR in response to endotoxin in part via mTOR signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:94-9. [PMID: 24814708 PMCID: PMC4051991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Biliverdin mitigates LPS-dependent C5aR expression in macrophages in part via mTOR. Biliverdin promotes phosphorylation of Akt and PS6. Biliverdin decreases LPS-mediated induction of C5aR-associated cytokines.
Macrophages play a crucial role in the maintenance and resolution of inflammation and express a number of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules in response to stressors. Among them, the complement receptor 5a (C5aR) plays an integral role in the development of inflammatory disorders. Biliverdin and bilirubin, products of heme catabolism, exert anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit complement activation. Here, we define the effects of biliverdin on C5aR expression in macrophages and the roles of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in these responses. Biliverdin administration inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced C5aR expression (without altering basal expression), an effect partially blocked by rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR signaling. Biliverdin also reduced LPS-dependent expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Collectively, these data indicate that biliverdin regulates LPS-mediated expression of C5aR via the mTOR pathway, revealing an additional mechanism underlying biliverdin’s anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bisht
- Heart Foundation Research Center, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Barbara Wegiel
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jens Tampe
- Griffith Enterprise, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Oliver Neubauer
- Emerging Field Oxidative Stress and DNA Stability and Research Platform Active Aging, Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Emerging Field Oxidative Stress and DNA Stability and Research Platform Active Aging, Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Andrew C Bulmer
- Heart Foundation Research Center, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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Calay D, Mason JC. The multifunctional role and therapeutic potential of HO-1 in the vascular endothelium. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1789-809. [PMID: 24131232 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heme oxygenases (HO-1 and HO-2) catalyze the degradation of the pro-oxidant heme into carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. In the vasculature, particular interest has focused on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the inducible HO-1 isoform in the vascular endothelium. This review will present evidence that illustrates the potential therapeutic significance of HO-1 and its products, with special emphasis placed on their beneficial effects on the endothelium in vascular diseases. RECENT ADVANCES The understanding of the molecular basis for the regulation and functions of HO-1 has led to the identification of a variety of drugs that increase HO-1 activity in the vascular endothelium. Moreover, therapeutic delivery of HO-1 products CO, biliverdin, and bilirubin has been shown to have favorable effects, notably on endothelial cells and in animal models of vascular disease. CRITICAL ISSUES To date, mechanistic data identifying the downstream target genes utilized by HO-1 and its products to exert their actions remain relatively sparse. Likewise, studies in man to investigate the efficacy of therapeutics known to induce HO-1 or the consequences of the tissue-specific delivery of CO or biliverdin/bilirubin are rarely performed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on the promising in vivo data from animal models, clinical trials to explore the safety and efficacy of the therapeutic induction of HO-1 and the delivery of its products should now be pursued further, targeting, for example, patients with severe atherosclerotic disease, ischemic limbs, restenosis injury, or at high risk of organ rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Calay
- Vascular Sciences Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Hull TD, Agarwal A, George JF. The mononuclear phagocyte system in homeostasis and disease: a role for heme oxygenase-1. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1770-88. [PMID: 24147608 PMCID: PMC3961794 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a potential therapeutic target in many diseases, especially those mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation. HO-1 expression appears to regulate the homeostatic activity and distribution of mononuclear phagocytes (MP) in lymphoid tissue under physiological conditions. It also regulates the ability of MP to modulate the inflammatory response to tissue injury. RECENT ADVANCES The induction of HO-1 within MP-particularly macrophages and dendritic cells-modulates the effector functions that they acquire after activation. These effector functions include cytokine production, surface receptor expression, maturation state, and polarization toward a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype. The importance of HO-1 in MP is emphasized by their expression of specific receptors that primarily function to ingest heme-containing substrate and deliver it to HO-1. CRITICAL ISSUES MP are the first immunological responders to tissue damage. They critically affect the outcome of injury to many organ systems, yet few therapies are currently available to specifically target MP during disease pathogenesis. Elucidation of the role of HO-1 expression in MP may help to direct broadly applicable therapies to clinical use that are based on the immunomodulatory capabilities of HO-1. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Unraveling the complexities of HO-1 expression specifically within MP will more completely define how HO-1 provides cytoprotection in vivo. The use of models in which HO-1 expression is specifically modulated in bone marrow-derived cells will allow for a more complete characterization of its immunoregulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D. Hull
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James F. George
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Chiabrando D, Vinchi F, Fiorito V, Mercurio S, Tolosano E. Heme in pathophysiology: a matter of scavenging, metabolism and trafficking across cell membranes. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:61. [PMID: 24782769 PMCID: PMC3986552 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX) is an essential co-factor involved in multiple biological processes: oxygen transport and storage, electron transfer, drug and steroid metabolism, signal transduction, and micro RNA processing. However, excess free-heme is highly toxic due to its ability to promote oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, thus leading to membrane injury and, ultimately, apoptosis. Thus, heme metabolism needs to be finely regulated. Intracellular heme amount is controlled at multiple levels: synthesis, utilization by hemoproteins, degradation and both intracellular and intercellular trafficking. This review focuses on recent findings highlighting the importance of controlling intracellular heme levels to counteract heme-induced oxidative stress. The contributions of heme scavenging from the extracellular environment, heme synthesis and incorporation into hemoproteins, heme catabolism and heme transport in maintaining adequate intracellular heme content are discussed. Particular attention is put on the recently described mechanisms of heme trafficking through the plasma membrane mediated by specific heme importers and exporters. Finally, the involvement of genes orchestrating heme metabolism in several pathological conditions is illustrated and new therapeutic approaches aimed at controlling heme metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Vinchi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Fiorito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | - Sonia Mercurio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin Turin, Italy
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Bösch F, Thomas M, Kogler P, Oberhuber R, Sucher R, Aigner F, Semsroth S, Wiedemann D, Yamashita K, Troppmair J, Kotsch K, Pratschke J, Öllinger R. Bilirubin rinse of the graft ameliorates ischemia reperfusion injury in heart transplantation. Transpl Int 2014; 27:504-13. [PMID: 24471451 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion contribute to substantial organ damage in transplantation. Clinically feasible measures for the prevention thereof are scarce. We tested whether rinsing rodent hearts with the antioxidant bilirubin ameliorates ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDevP), rate per pressure product (RPP), coronary flow, maximum (+dP/dt) and minimum (-dP/dt) rate of contraction were analyzed in Lewis rat hearts rinsed with bilirubin prior to reperfusion on a Langendorff apparatus after 12 h of cold ischemia. In vivo, isogenic C57Bl/6 mouse hearts rinsed with bilirubin were transplanted after 12 h of cold ischemia. Cardiac function and apoptosis were assessed 24 h after reperfusion. Heart lysates recovered 15 min after reperfusion were probed for the total and the phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-related protein kinases (ERK), JNK, p38-MAPK, and Akt. In isolated perfused hearts, bilirubin rinse resulted in significantly lower LVEDP and improved LVDevP, RPP, coronary flow, +dP/dt and -dP/dt. In vivo, after reperfusion, all mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were suppressed significantly by bilirubin pretreatment. Bilirubin rinse improved cardiac scores (3.4 ± 0.5 vs. 2.0 ± 1.0 in controls, P < 0.05) and significantly suppressed apoptosis. Ex vivo administration of bilirubin to heart grafts prior reperfusion ameliorates IRI and provides a simple and effective tool to ameliorate outcome in heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bösch
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Zheng J, Nagda DA, Lajud SA, Kumar S, Mouchli A, Bezpalko O, O'Malley BW, Li D. Biliverdin's regulation of reactive oxygen species signalling leads to potent inhibition of proliferative and angiogenic pathways in head and neck cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2116-22. [PMID: 24569474 PMCID: PMC3992514 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluate whether the use of biliverdin (BV), a natural non-toxic antioxidant product of haeme catabolism, can suppress head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell proliferation and improve the tumour survival both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we investigate whether this therapeutic outcome relies on BV's potent antioxidant effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signalling. METHODS Two well-characterised HNSCC cell lines and a mouse model with human HNSCC were used for this study. In vitro, the effect of BV on ROS was assayed. Subsequently, critical regulatory proteins involved in growth, antiapoptotic, and angiogenic pathways were investigated by western blot analysis. In addition, the antiproliferative effect of BV was also evaluated using the clonogenic assay. Moreover, tumour growth inhibition was assessed using a mouse model with HNSCC. RESULTS Biliverdin treatment resulted in decreased ROS, leading to suppression of proliferation and angiogenesis pathways of HNSCC, significantly decreasing the expression and phosphorylation of oncogenic factors such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylation of Akt, and expression of angiogenic marker and transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor1-α (HIF1-α). Furthermore, this downregulation of ROS by BV led to a significant suppression of tumour growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the efficacy of a novel therapeutic approach using BV as an antitumour agent against HNSCC through its effect on EGFR/Akt and HIF1-α/angiogenesis signal transduction pathways. Our findings indicate that BV's inhibitory effect on these tumorigenic pathways relies on its antioxidant effect, and may extend its therapeutic potential to other solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zheng
- 1] Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA [2] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - D A Nagda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S A Lajud
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Mouchli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - O Bezpalko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B W O'Malley
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, Clinical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bisht K, Tampe J, Shing C, Bakrania B, Winearls J, Fraser J, Wagner KH, Bulmer AC. Endogenous Tetrapyrroles Influence Leukocyte Responses to Lipopolysaccharide in Human Blood: Pre-Clinical Evidence Demonstrating the Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Biliverdin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5:1000218. [PMID: 25177524 PMCID: PMC4145741 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with abnormal host immune function in response to pathogen exposure, including endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS). Cytokines play crucial roles in the induction and resolution of inflammation in sepsis. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endogenous tetrapyrroles, including biliverdin (BV) and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) on LPS-induced cytokines in human blood. Biliverdin and UCB are by products of haem catabolism and have strong cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, whole human blood supplemented with BV and without was incubated in the presence or absence of LPS for 4 and 8 hours. Thereafter, whole blood was analysed for gene and protein expression of cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-1Ra and IL-8. Biliverdin (50 μM) significantly decreased the LPS-mediated gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-1Ra and IL-8 (P<0.05). Furthermore, BV significantly decreased LPS-induced secretion of IL-1β and IL-8 (P<0.05). Serum samples from human subjects and, wild type and hyperbilirubinaemic Gunn rats were also used to assess the relationship between circulating bilirubin and cytokine expression/production. Significant positive correlations between baseline UCB concentrations in human blood and LPS-mediated gene expression of IL-1β (R=0.929), IFN-γ (R=0.809), IL-1Ra (R=0.786) and IL-8 (R=0.857) were observed in blood samples (all P<0.05). These data were supported by increased baseline IL-1β concentrations in hyperbilirubinaemic Gunn rats (P<0.05). Blood samples were also investigated for complement receptor-5 (C5aR) expression. Stimulation of blood with LPS decreased gene expression of C5aR (P<0.05). Treatment of blood with BV alone and in the presence of LPS tended to decrease C5aR expression (P=0.08). These data indicate that supplemented BV inhibits the ex vivo response of human blood to LPS. Surprisingly, however, baseline UCB was associated with heighted inflammatory response to LPS. This is the first study to explore the effects of BV in a preclinical human model of inflammation and suggests that BV could represent an anti-inflammatory target for the prevention of LPS mediated inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bisht
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jens Tampe
- Griffith Enterprise, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Cecilia Shing
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Bhavisha Bakrania
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - James Winearls
- Gold Coast University Hospital Intensive Care Unit and Gold Coast University Hospital Critical Care Research Group, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - John Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Emerging Field Oxidative Stress and DNA Stability and Research Platform Active Aging, Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew C Bulmer
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia ; Gold Coast University Hospital Intensive Care Unit and Gold Coast University Hospital Critical Care Research Group, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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The Janus face of the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase system in Alzheimer disease: it's time for reconciliation. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 62:144-59. [PMID: 24095978 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among the elderly and is characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognition. These clinical features are due in part to the increase of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that mediate neurotoxic effects. The up-regulation of the heme oxygenase-1/biliverdin reductase-A (HO-1/BVR-A) system is one of the earlier events in the adaptive response to stress. HO-1/BVR-A reduces the intracellular levels of pro-oxidant heme and generates equimolar amounts of the free radical scavengers biliverdin-IX alpha (BV)/bilirubin-IX alpha (BR) as well as the pleiotropic gaseous neuromodulator carbon monoxide (CO) and ferrous iron. Two main and opposite hypotheses for a role of the HO-1/BVR-A system in AD propose that this system mediates neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects, respectively. This apparent controversy was mainly due to the fact that for over about 20years HO-1 was the only player on which all the analyses were focused, excluding the other important and essential component of the entire system, BVR. Following studies from the Butterfield laboratory that reported alterations in BVR activity along with decreased phosphorylation and increased oxidative/nitrosative post-translational modifications in the brain of subjects with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, a debate was opened on the real pathophysiological and clinical significance of BVR-A. In this paper we provide a review of the main discoveries about the HO/BVR system in AD and MCI, and propose a mechanism that reconciles these two hypotheses noted above of neurotoxic and the neuroprotective aspects of this important stress responsive system.
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Chandramohan Y, Parameswari CS. Therapeutic efficacy of naringin on cyclosporine (A) induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Involvement of hemeoxygenase-1. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:1336-44. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lee S, Yamada T, Osako T, Stolz DB, Abe M, McCurry KR, Murase N, Kotani J, Nakao A. Recipient hyperbilirubinaemia protects cardiac graft in rat heterotopic heart transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 45:481-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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