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Preuss JM, Burret U, Gröger M, Kress S, Scheuerle A, Möller P, Tuckermann JP, Wepler M, Vettorazzi S. Impaired Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling Aggravates Lung Injury after Hemorrhagic Shock. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010112. [PMID: 35011674 PMCID: PMC8750862 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that attenuated lung injury after hemorrhagic shock (HS) coincided with enhanced levels of the glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) in lung tissue of swine. Here, we investigated the effects of impaired GR signaling on the lung during resuscitated HS using a dysfunctional GR mouse model (GRdim/dim). In a mouse intensive care unit, HS led to impaired lung mechanics and aggravated lung inflammation in GRdim/dim mice compared to wildtype mice (GR+/+). After HS, high levels of the pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic transcription factor STAT1/pSTAT1 were found in lung samples from GRdim/dim mice. Lungs of GRdim/dim mice revealed apoptosis, most likely as consequence of reduced expression of the lung-protective Angpt1 compared to GR+/+ after HS. RNA-sequencing revealed increased expression of pro-apoptotic and cytokine-signaling associated genes in lung tissue of GRdim/dim mice. Furthermore, high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS were found in lungs of GRdim/dim mice. Our results indicate impaired repression of STAT1/pSTAT1 due to dysfunctional GR signaling in GRdim/dim mice, which leads to increased inflammation and apoptosis in the lungs. These data highlight the crucial role of functional GR signaling to attenuate HS-induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Preuss
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.M.P.); (U.B.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Ute Burret
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.M.P.); (U.B.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Michael Gröger
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.G.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Sandra Kress
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.G.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Angelika Scheuerle
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (A.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Jan P. Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.M.P.); (U.B.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Martin Wepler
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.G.); (S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (J.M.P.); (U.B.); (J.P.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Moreira DR, Uberti ACMG, Gomes ARQ, Ferreira MES, da Silva Barbosa A, Varela ELP, Dolabela MF, Percário S. Dexamethasone increased the survival rate in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2623. [PMID: 33514836 PMCID: PMC7846581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on the redox status, parasitemia evolution, and survival rate of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Two-hundred and twenty-five mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei and subjected to stimulation or inhibition of NO synthesis. The stimulation of NO synthesis was performed through the administration of L-arginine, while its inhibition was made by the administration of dexamethasone. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibition by dexamethasone promoted an increase in the survival rate of P. berghei-infected mice, and the data suggested the participation of oxidative stress in the brain as a result of plasmodial infection, as well as the inhibition of brain NO synthesis, which promoted the survival rate of almost 90% of the animals until the 15th day of infection, with possible direct interference of ischemia and reperfusion syndrome, as seen by increased levels of uric acid. Inhibition of brain iNOS by dexamethasone caused a decrease in parasitemia and increased the survival rate of infected animals, suggesting that NO synthesis may stimulate a series of compensatory redox effects that, if overstimulated, may be responsible for the onset of severe forms of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Reymão Moreira
- grid.271300.70000 0001 2171 5249Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA 66075-110 Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Musa Gonçalves Uberti
- grid.271300.70000 0001 2171 5249Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA 66075-110 Brazil
| | - Antonio Rafael Quadros Gomes
- grid.271300.70000 0001 2171 5249Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA 66075-110 Brazil
| | - Michelli Erica Souza Ferreira
- grid.411204.20000 0001 2165 7632Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Research, Centro de Ciências Sociais Saúde e Tecnologia – CCSST, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus Avançado - Bom Jesus, Prédio de Medicina, Av. da Universidade, S/N, Imperatriz, MA 65915-240 Brazil
| | - Aline da Silva Barbosa
- grid.271300.70000 0001 2171 5249Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA 66075-110 Brazil
| | - Everton Luiz Pompeu Varela
- grid.271300.70000 0001 2171 5249Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA 66075-110 Brazil
| | - Maria Fani Dolabela
- grid.271300.70000 0001 2171 5249Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA 66075-110 Brazil
| | - Sandro Percário
- grid.271300.70000 0001 2171 5249Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA 66075-110 Brazil
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Li W, Pauluhn J. Phosgene-induced acute lung injury (ALI): differences from chlorine-induced ALI and attempts to translate toxicology to clinical medicine. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:19. [PMID: 28577109 PMCID: PMC5457389 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosgene (carbonyl dichloride) gas is an indispensable chemical inter-mediate used in numerous industrial processes. There is no clear consensus as to its time- and inhaled-dose-dependent etiopathologies and associated preventive or therapeutic treatment strategies. METHODS Cardiopulmonary function was examined in rats exposed by inhalation to the alveolar irritant phosgene or to the airway irritant chlorine during and following exposure. Terminal measurements focused on hematology, protein extravasation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and increased lung weight. Noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic endpoints in exhaled breath (carbon dioxide and nitric oxide) were used to detect the clinically occult stage of pulmonary edema. RESULTS The first event observed in rats following high but sublethal acute exposure to phosgene was the stimulation of alveolar nociceptive vagal receptors. This afferent stimulation resulted in dramatic changes in cardiopulmonary functions, ventilation: perfusion imbalances, and progressive pulmonary edema and phospholipoproteinosis. Hematology revealed hemoconcentration to be an early marker of pulmonary edema and fibrin as a discriminating endpoint that was positive for the airway irritant chlorine and negative for the alveolar irritant phosgene. CONCLUSIONS The application of each gas produced typical ALI/ARDS (acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome) characteristics. Phosgene-induced ALI showed evidence of persistent apnea periods, bradycardia, and shifts of vascular fluid from the peripheral to the pulmonary circulation. Carbon dioxide in expired gas was suggestive of increased ventilation dead space and appeared to be a harbinger of progressively developing lung edema. Treatment with the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine aerosol by inhalation reduced the severity of phosgene-induced ALI when applied at low dose-rates. Symptomatic treatment regimens were considered inferior to causal modes of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- 4th Department of Toxicology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Juergen Pauluhn
- 4th Department of Toxicology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, 710032 Shaanxi Province China
- Covestro Deutschland AG, Global Phosgene Steering Group, K9, 565, 51365 Leverkusen, Germany
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Boudreault F, Pinilla-Vera M, Englert JA, Kho AT, Isabelle C, Arciniegas AJ, Barragan-Bradford D, Quintana C, Amador-Munoz D, Guan J, Choi KM, Sholl L, Hurwitz S, Tschumperlin DJ, Baron RM. Zinc deficiency primes the lung for ventilator-induced injury. JCI Insight 2017; 2:86507. [PMID: 28570269 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is necessary to support patients with acute lung injury, but also exacerbates injury through mechanical stress-activated signaling pathways. We show that stretch applied to cultured human cells, and to mouse lungs in vivo, induces robust expression of metallothionein, a potent antioxidant and cytoprotective molecule critical for cellular zinc homeostasis. Furthermore, genetic deficiency of murine metallothionein genes exacerbated lung injury caused by high tidal volume mechanical ventilation, identifying an adaptive role for these genes in limiting lung injury. Stretch induction of metallothionein required zinc and the zinc-binding transcription factor MTF1. We further show that mouse dietary zinc deficiency potentiates ventilator-induced lung injury, and that plasma zinc levels are significantly reduced in human patients who go on to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared with healthy and non-ARDS intensive care unit (ICU) controls, as well as with other ICU patients without ARDS. Taken together, our findings identify a potentially novel adaptive response of the lung to stretch and a critical role for zinc in defining the lung's tolerance for mechanical ventilation. These results demonstrate that failure of stretch-adaptive responses play an important role in exacerbating mechanical ventilator-induced lung injury, and identify zinc and metallothionein as targets for lung-protective interventions in patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Boudreault
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miguel Pinilla-Vera
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua A Englert
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alvin T Kho
- Boston Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colleen Isabelle
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonio J Arciniegas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Barragan-Bradford
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolina Quintana
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Amador-Munoz
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiazhen Guan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyoung Moo Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Shelley Hurwitz
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca M Baron
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kuethe DO, Filipczak PT, Hix JM, Gigliotti AP, Estépar RSJ, Washko GR, Baron RM, Fredenburgh LE. Magnetic resonance imaging provides sensitive in vivo assessment of experimental ventilator-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L208-18. [PMID: 27288491 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00459.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models play a critical role in the study of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). One limitation has been the lack of a suitable method for serial assessment of acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess ALI in real time in rat models of VILI. Sprague-Dawley rats were untreated or treated with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide or PBS. After 48 h, animals were mechanically ventilated for up to 15 h to induce VILI. Free induction decay (FID)-projection images were made hourly. Image data were collected continuously for 30 min and divided into 13 phases of the ventilatory cycle to make cinematic images. Interleaved measurements of respiratory mechanics were performed using a flexiVent ventilator. The degree of lung infiltration was quantified in serial images throughout the progression or resolution of VILI. MRI detected VILI significantly earlier (3.8 ± 1.6 h) than it was detected by altered lung mechanics (9.5 ± 3.9 h, P = 0.0156). Animals with VILI had a significant increase in the Index of Infiltration (P = 0.0027), and early regional lung infiltrates detected by MRI correlated with edema and inflammatory lung injury on histopathology. We were also able to visualize and quantify regression of VILI in real time upon institution of protective mechanical ventilation. Magnetic resonance lung imaging can be utilized to investigate mechanisms underlying the development and propagation of ALI, and to test the therapeutic effects of new treatments and ventilator strategies on the resolution of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean O Kuethe
- ABQMR Inc., Albuquerque, New Mexico; Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and
| | - Piotr T Filipczak
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeremy M Hix
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and
| | | | - Raúl San José Estépar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George R Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca M Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Isoflurane Ameliorates Acute Lung Injury by Preserving Epithelial Tight Junction Integrity. Anesthesiology 2015; 123:377-88. [PMID: 26068207 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane may be protective in preclinical models of lung injury, but its use in patients with lung injury remains controversial and the mechanism of its protective effects remains unclear. The authors hypothesized that this protection is mediated at the level of alveolar tight junctions and investigated the possibility in a two-hit model of lung injury that mirrors human acute respiratory distress syndrome. METHODS Wild-type mice were treated with isoflurane 1 h after exposure to nebulized endotoxin (n = 8) or saline control (n = 9) and then allowed to recover for 24 h before mechanical ventilation (MV; tidal volume, 15 ml/kg, 2 h) producing ventilator-induced lung injury. Mouse lung epithelial cells were similarly treated with isoflurane 1 h after exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Cells were cyclically stretched the following day to mirror the MV protocol used in vivo. RESULTS Mice treated with isoflurane following exposure to inhaled endotoxin and before MV exhibited significantly less physiologic lung dysfunction. These effects appeared to be mediated by decreased vascular leak, but not altered inflammatory indices. Mouse lung epithelial cells treated with lipopolysaccharide and cyclic stretch and lungs harvested from mice after treatment with lipopolysaccharide and MV had decreased levels of a key tight junction protein (i.e., zona occludens 1) that was rescued by isoflurane treatment. CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane rescued lung injury induced by a two-hit model of endotoxin exposure followed by MV by maintaining the integrity of the alveolar-capillary barrier possibly by modulating the expression of a key tight junction protein.
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7
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Filipczak PT, Senft AP, Seagrave J, Weber W, Kuehl PJ, Fredenburgh LE, McDonald JD, Baron RM. NOS-2 Inhibition in Phosgene-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Toxicol Sci 2015; 146:89-100. [PMID: 25870319 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosgene exposure via an industrial or warfare release produces severe acute lung injury (ALI) with high mortality, characterized by massive pulmonary edema, disruption of epithelial tight junctions, surfactant dysfunction, and oxidative stress. There are no targeted treatments for phosgene-induced ALI. Previous studies demonstrated that nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) is upregulated in the lungs after phosgene exposure; however, the role of NOS-2 in the pathogenesis of phosgene-induced ALI remains unknown. We previously demonstrated that NOS-2 expression in lung epithelium exacerbates inhaled endotoxin-induced ALI in mice, mediated partially through downregulation of surfactant protein B (SP-B) expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that a selective NOS-2 inhibitor delivered to the lung epithelium by inhalation would mitigate phosgene-induced ALI. Inhaled phosgene produced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, histologic lung injury, and lung NOS-2 expression at 24 h. Administration of the selective NOS-2 inhibitor 1400 W via inhalation, but not via systemic delivery, significantly attenuated phosgene-induced ALI and preserved epithelial barrier integrity. Furthermore, aerosolized 1400 W augmented expression of SP-B and prevented downregulation of tight junction protein zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), both critical for maintenance of normal lung physiology and barrier integrity. We also demonstrate for the first time that NOS-2-derived nitric oxide downregulates the ZO-1 expression at the transcriptional level in human lung epithelial cells, providing a novel target for ameliorating vascular leak in ALI. Our data demonstrate that lung NOS-2 plays a critical role in the development of phosgene-induced ALI and suggest that aerosolized NOS-2 inhibitors offer a novel therapeutic strategy for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr T Filipczak
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Albert P Senft
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - JeanClare Seagrave
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Waylon Weber
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Philip J Kuehl
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Laura E Fredenburgh
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jacob D McDonald
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Rebecca M Baron
- *Environmental Respiratory Health and Chemistry and Inhalation Exposure Programs, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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8
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Boncoeur É, Bouvet GF, Migneault F, Tardif V, Ferraro P, Radzioch D, de Sanctis JB, Eidelman D, Govindaraju K, Dagenais A, Berthiaume Y. Induction of nitric oxide synthase expression by lipopolysaccharide is mediated by calcium-dependent PKCα-β1 in alveolar epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L175-84. [PMID: 23686852 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00295.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in innate host defense and inflammation. In response to infection, NO is generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a gene product whose expression is highly modulated by different stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria. We reported recently that LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa altered Na⁺ transport in alveolar epithelial cells via a suramin-dependent process, indicating that LPS activated a purinergic response in these cells. To further study this question, in the present work, we tested whether iNOS mRNA and protein expression were modulated in response to LPS in alveolar epithelial cells. We found that LPS induced a 12-fold increase in iNOS mRNA expression via a transcription-dependent process in these cells. iNOS protein, NO, and nitrotyrosine were also significantly elevated in LPS-treated cells. Ca²⁺ chelation and protein kinase C (PKCα-β1) inhibition suppressed iNOS mRNA induction by LPS, implicating Ca²⁺-dependent PKC signaling in this process. LPS evoked a significant increase of extracellular ATP. Because PKC activation is one of the signaling pathways known to mediate purinergic signaling, we evaluated the hypothesis that iNOS induction was ATP dependent. Although high suramin concentration inhibited iNOS mRNA induction, the process was not ATP dependent, since specific purinergic receptor antagonists could not inhibit the process. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that iNOS expression is highly modulated in alveolar epithelial cells by LPS via a Ca²⁺/PKCα-β1 pathway independent of ATP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Boncoeur
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM)-Hôtel-Dieu, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Olszak T, An D, Zeissig S, Vera MP, Richter J, Franke A, Glickman JN, Siebert R, Baron RM, Kasper DL, Blumberg RS. Microbial exposure during early life has persistent effects on natural killer T cell function. Science 2012; 336:489-93. [PMID: 22442383 PMCID: PMC3437652 DOI: 10.1126/science.1219328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1177] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to microbes during early childhood is associated with protection from immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Here, we show that in germ-free (GF) mice, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells accumulate in the colonic lamina propria and lung, resulting in increased morbidity in models of IBD and allergic asthma as compared with that of specific pathogen-free mice. This was associated with increased intestinal and pulmonary expression of the chemokine ligand CXCL16, which was associated with increased mucosal iNKT cells. Colonization of neonatal-but not adult-GF mice with a conventional microbiota protected the animals from mucosal iNKT accumulation and related pathology. These results indicate that age-sensitive contact with commensal microbes is critical for establishing mucosal iNKT cell tolerance to later environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Olszak
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dingding An
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Miguel Pinilla Vera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia Richter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | | | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Rebecca M. Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dennis L. Kasper
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Lai PS, Fresco JM, Pinilla MA, Macias AA, Brown RD, Englert JA, Hofmann O, Lederer JA, Hide W, Christiani DC, Cernadas M, Baron RM. Chronic endotoxin exposure produces airflow obstruction and lung dendritic cell expansion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:209-17. [PMID: 22517795 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0447oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms of persistent airflow obstruction that result from chronic occupational endotoxin exposure. We sought to analyze the inflammatory response underlying persistent airflow obstruction as a result of chronic occupational endotoxin exposure. We developed a murine model of daily inhaled endotoxin for periods of 5 days to 8 weeks. We analyzed physiologic lung dysfunction, lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and total lung homogenate inflammatory cell and cytokine profiles, and pulmonary gene expression profiles. We observed an increase in airway hyperresponsiveness as a result of chronic endotoxin exposure. After 8 weeks, the mice exhibited an increase in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung neutrophils that correlated with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines. Detailed analyses of inflammatory cell subsets revealed an expansion of dendritic cells (DCs), and in particular, proinflammatory DCs, with a reduced percentage of macrophages. Gene expression profiling revealed the up-regulation of a panel of genes that was consistent with DC recruitment, and lung histology revealed an accumulation of DCs in inflammatory aggregates around the airways in 8-week-exposed animals. Repeated, low-dose LPS inhalation, which mirrors occupational exposure, resulted in airway hyperresponsiveness, associated with a failure to resolve the proinflammatory response, an inverted macrophage to DC ratio, and a significant rise in the inflammatory DC population. These findings point to a novel underlying mechanism of airflow obstruction as a result of occupational LPS exposure, and suggest molecular and cellular targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy S Lai
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Li H, Qian Z, Li J, Han X, Liu M. Effects of early administration of a novel anticholinergic drug on acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by sepsis. Med Sci Monit 2012; 17:BR319-325. [PMID: 22037734 PMCID: PMC3539499 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the inflammatory disorder of the lung most commonly caused by sepsis. It was hypothesized that treating the lung with penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC), a new type of hyoscyamus drug, early in the development of sepsis could diminish the lung dysfunction. Material/Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) a control group; 2) a sham-operated group; 3) a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group; 4) a PHC-treated group. One hour after CLP surgery, rats were either untreated or treated with PHC via intraperitoneal injection. Lung wet/dry weight ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), total nitrite/nitrate (NOx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissues, and pulmonary functions were examined 24 hour after surgery. Another 60 rats were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups to observe survival status 96 hours after surgery. Results Treatment of PHC markedly decreased TNF-α, IL-6, NOx, SOD, MDA content, protein concentration in BALF, and lung wet/dry weight ratio and enhanced SOD activity (p<0.05), which are indicative of PHC-induced suppression in the pathogenesis of ARDS caused by sepsis. In comparison to group CLP/saline, plasma IL-10 level markedly increased in group CLP/PHC. In PHC-treated groups, the administered PHC had a significant protective effect on the lung dysfunction induced by sepsis. Conclusions We conclude that administration of PHC at the time of a systemic insult can protect the lung from the damaging effects of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
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Pulmonary Collectins in Diagnosis and Prevention of Lung Diseases. ANIMAL LECTINS: FORM, FUNCTION AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7121960 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1065-2_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins, and is synthesized and secreted by alveolar type II epithelial cells and bronchiolar Clara cells. It acts to keep alveoli from collapsing during the expiratory phase of the respiratory cycle. After its secretion, lung surfactant forms a lattice structure on the alveolar surface, known as tubular myelin. Surfactant proteins (SP)-A, B, C and D make up to 10% of the total surfactant. SP-B and SPC are relatively small hydrophobic proteins, and are involved in the reduction of surface-tension at the air-liquid interface. SP-A and SP-D, on the other hand, are large oligomeric, hydrophilic proteins that belong to the collagenous Ca2+-dependent C-type lectin family (known as “Collectins”), and play an important role in host defense and in the recycling and transport of lung surfactant (Awasthi 2010) (Fig. 43.1). In particular, there is increasing evidence that surfactant-associated proteins A and -D (SP-A and SP-D, respectively) contribute to the host defense against inhaled microorganisms (see 10.1007/978-3-7091-1065_24 and 10.1007/978-3-7091-1065_25). Based on their ability to recognize pathogens and to regulate the host defense, SP-A and SP-D have been recently categorized as “Secretory Pathogen Recognition Receptors”. While SP-A and SP-D were first identified in the lung; the expression of these proteins has also been observed at other mucosal surfaces, such as lacrimal glands, gastrointestinal mucosa, genitourinary epithelium and periodontal surfaces. SP-A is the most prominent among four proteins in the pulmonary surfactant-system. The expression of SP-A is complexly regulated on the transcriptional and the chromosomal level. SP-A is a major player in the pulmonary cytokine-network and moreover has been described to act in the pulmonary host defense. This chapter gives an overview on the understanding of role of SP-A and SP-D in for human pulmonary disorders and points out the importance for pathology-orientated research to further elucidate the role of these molecules in adult lung diseases. As an outlook, it will become an issue of pulmonary pathology which might provide promising perspectives for applications in research, diagnosis and therapy (Awasthi 2010).
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Fredenburgh LE, Velandia MMS, Ma J, Olszak T, Cernadas M, Englert JA, Chung SW, Liu X, Begay C, Padera RF, Blumberg RS, Walsh SR, Baron RM, Perrella MA. Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction and increased mortality during polymicrobial sepsis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5255-67. [PMID: 21967897 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in critically ill patients, despite modern advances in critical care. Intestinal barrier dysfunction may lead to secondary bacterial translocation and the development of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome during sepsis. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is highly upregulated in the intestine during sepsis, and we hypothesized that it may be critical in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier function during peritonitis-induced polymicrobial sepsis. COX-2(-/-) and COX-2(+/+) BALB/c mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. Mice chimeric for COX-2 were derived by bone marrow transplantation and underwent CLP. C2BBe1 cells, an intestinal epithelial cell line, were treated with the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, PGD(2), or vehicle and stimulated with cytokines. COX-2(-/-) mice developed exaggerated bacteremia and increased mortality compared with COX-2(+/+) mice following CLP. Mice chimeric for COX-2 exhibited the recipient phenotype, suggesting that epithelial COX-2 expression in the ileum attenuates bacteremia following CLP. Absence of COX-2 significantly increased epithelial permeability of the ileum and reduced expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in the ileum following CLP. Furthermore, PGD(2) attenuated cytokine-induced hyperpermeability and zonula occludens-1 downregulation in NS-398-treated C2BBe1 cells. Our findings reveal that absence of COX-2 is associated with enhanced intestinal epithelial permeability and leads to exaggerated bacterial translocation and increased mortality during peritonitis-induced sepsis. Taken together, our results suggest that epithelial expression of COX-2 in the ileum is a critical modulator of tight junction protein expression and intestinal barrier function during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Kelleher ZT, Potts EN, Brahmajothi MV, Foster MW, Auten RL, Foster WM, Marshall HE. NOS2 regulation of LPS-induced airway inflammation via S-nitrosylation of NF-{kappa}B p65. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L327-33. [PMID: 21724860 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00463.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression is increased in the airway epithelium in acute inflammatory disorders although the physiological impact remains unclear. We have previously shown that NOS2 inhibits NF-κB (p50-p65) activation in respiratory epithelial cells by inducing S-nitrosylation of the p65 monomer (SNO-p65). In addition, we have demonstrated that mouse lung SNO-p65 levels are acutely depleted in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of lung injury and that augmenting SNO-p65 levels before LPS treatment results in decreased airway epithelial NF-κB activation, airway inflammation, and lung injury. We now show that aerosolized LPS induces NOS2 expression in the respiratory epithelium concomitant with an increase in lung SNO-p65 levels and a decrease in airway NF-κB activity. Genetic deletion of NOS2 results in an absence of SNO-p65 formation, persistent NF-κB activity in the respiratory epithelium, and prolonged airway inflammation. These results indicate that a primary function of LPS-induced NOS2 expression in the respiratory epithelium is to modulate the inflammatory response through deactivation of NF-κB via S-nitrosylation of p65, thereby counteracting the initial stimulus-coupled denitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Kelleher
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Chen H, Bai C, Wang X. The value of the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury model in respiratory medicine. Expert Rev Respir Med 2011; 4:773-83. [PMID: 21128752 DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a syndrome characterized by pulmonary edema and acute inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component in Gram-negative bacteria, has been used to induce ALI/ARDS. LPS-induced animal models highlight ways to explore mechanisms of multiple diseases and provide useful information on the discovery of novel biomarkers and drug targets. However, each model has its own merits and drawbacks. The goal of this article is to summarize and evaluate the results of experimental findings in LPS-induced ALI/ARDS, and the possible mechanisms and treatments elucidated. Advantages and disadvantages of such models in pulmonary research and new directions for future investigations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lim SB, Rubinstein I, Sadikot RT, Artwohl JE, Önyüksel H. A novel peptide nanomedicine against acute lung injury: GLP-1 in phospholipid micelles. Pharm Res 2010; 28:662-72. [PMID: 21108040 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) observed in Gram-negative sepsis represents an unmet medical need due to a high mortality rate and lack of effective treatment. Accordingly, we developed and characterized a novel nanomedicine against ALI. We showed that when human glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) (GLP-1) self-associated with PEGylated phospholipid micelles (SSM), the resulting GLP1-SSM (hydrodynamic size, ~15 nm) exerted effective anti-inflammatory protection against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. METHODS GLP1-SSM was prepared by incubating GLP-1 with SSM dispersion in saline and characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Bioactivity was tested by in vitro cAMP induction, while in vivo anti-inflammatory effects were determined by lung neutrophil cell count, myeloperoxidase activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in LPS-induced ALI mice. RESULTS Amphipathic GLP-1 interacted spontaneously with SSM as indicated by increased α-helicity and fluorescence emission. This association elicited increased bioactivity as determined by in vitro cAMP production. Correspondingly, subcutaneous GLP1-SSM (5-30 nmol/mouse) manifested dose-dependent decrease in lung neutrophil influx, myeloperoxidase activity and interleukin-6 in ALI mice. By contrast, GLP-1 in saline showed no significant anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced lung hyper-inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS GLP1-SSM is a promising novel anti-inflammatory nanomedicine against ALI and should be further developed for its transition to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Bee Lim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Boggaram V, Chandru H, Gottipati KR, Thakur V, Das A, Berhane K. Transcriptional regulation of SP-B gene expression by nitric oxide in H441 lung epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 299:L252-62. [PMID: 20418387 PMCID: PMC2928609 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00062.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein B (SP-B) is essential for the surface tension-lowering function of pulmonary surfactant. Surfactant dysfunction and reduced SP-B levels are associated with elevated nitric oxide (NO) in inflammatory lung diseases, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. We previously found that NO donors decreased SP-B expression in H441 and MLE-12 lung epithelial cells by reducing SP-B promoter activity. In this study, we determined the roles of DNA elements and interacting transcription factors necessary for NO inhibition of SP-B promoter activity in H441 cells. We found that the NO donor diethylenetriamine-nitric oxide adduct (DETA-NO) decreased SP-B promoter thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF-3), and Sp1 binding activities but increased activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding activity. DETA-NO decreased TTF-1, but not Sp1, levels, suggesting that reduced TTF-1 expression contributes to reduced TTF-1 binding activity. Lack of effect on Sp1 levels suggested that DETA-NO inhibits Sp1 binding activity per se. Overexpression of Sp1, but not TTF-1, blocked DETA-NO inhibition of SP-B promoter activity. DETA-NO inhibited SP-B promoter induction by exogenous TTF-1 without altering TTF-1 levels. DETA-NO decreased TTF-1 mRNA levels and gene transcription rate, indicating that DETA-NO inhibits TTF-1 expression at the transcriptional level. We conclude that NO inhibits SP-B promoter by decreasing TTF-1, Sp1, and HNF-3 binding activities and increasing AP-1 binding activity. NO inhibits TTF-1 levels and activity to decrease SP-B expression. NO inhibition of SP-B expression could be a mechanism by which surfactant dysfunction occurs in inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Boggaram
- Center for Biomedical Research, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, TX 75708-3154, USA.
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18
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Baron RM, Lopez-Guzman S, Riascos DF, Macias AA, Layne MD, Cheng G, Harris C, Chung SW, Reeves R, von Andrian UH, Perrella MA. Distamycin A inhibits HMGA1-binding to the P-selectin promoter and attenuates lung and liver inflammation during murine endotoxemia. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10656. [PMID: 20498830 PMCID: PMC2871042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The architectural transcription factor High Mobility Group-A1 (HMGA1) binds to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA and forms transcription factor complexes ("enhanceosomes") that upregulate expression of select genes within the inflammatory cascade during critical illness syndromes such as acute lung injury (ALI). AT-rich regions of DNA surround transcription factor binding sites in genes critical for the inflammatory response. Minor groove binding drugs (MGBs), such as Distamycin A (Dist A), interfere with AT-rich region DNA binding in a sequence and conformation-specific manner, and HMGA1 is one of the few transcription factors whose binding is inhibited by MGBs. OBJECTIVES To determine whether MGBs exert beneficial effects during endotoxemia through attenuating tissue inflammation via interfering with HMGA1-DNA binding and modulating expression of adhesion molecules. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Administration of Dist A significantly decreased lung and liver inflammation during murine endotoxemia. In intravital microscopy studies, Dist A attenuated neutrophil-endothelial interactions in vivo following an inflammatory stimulus. Endotoxin induction of P-selectin expression in lung and liver tissue and promoter activity in endothelial cells was significantly reduced by Dist A, while E-selectin induction was not significantly affected. Moreover, Dist A disrupted formation of an inducible complex containing NF-kappaB that binds an AT-rich region of the P-selectin promoter. Transfection studies demonstrated a critical role for HMGA1 in facilitating cytokine and NF-kappaB induction of P-selectin promoter activity, and Dist A inhibited binding of HMGA1 to this AT-rich region of the P-selectin promoter in vivo. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We describe a novel targeted approach in modulating lung and liver inflammation in vivo during murine endotoxemia through decreasing binding of HMGA1 to a distinct AT-rich region of the P-selectin promoter. These studies highlight the ability of MGBs to function as molecular tools for dissecting transcriptional mechanisms in vivo and suggest alternative treatment approaches for critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Exogenous surfactant attenuation of ischemia–reperfusion injury in the lung through alteration of inflammatory and apoptotic factors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137:824-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Farley KS, Wang LF, Law C, Mehta S. Alveolar macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell septic barrier dysfunction. Microvasc Res 2008; 76:208-16. [PMID: 18708074 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) from neutrophils and alveolar macrophages (AM) contributes to the pathophysiology of murine septic acute lung injury (ALI). It is not known if AM iNOS has a direct effect on septic pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) permeability. We hypothesized that AM iNOS mediates PMVEC permeability in vitro under septic conditions through NO and peroxynitrite. 100,000 confluent PMVEC on cell-culture inserts were co-incubated with iNOS+/+ vs. iNOS-/- AM, in various ratios of AM to PMVEC. PMVEC injury was assessed by trans-PMVEC Evans Blue-labelled albumin flux in the presence or absence of cytomix (equimolar TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma). Cytomix stimulation dose-dependently increased trans-PMVEC EB-albumin flux, which was exaggerated (1.4+/-0.1% vs. 0.4+/-0.1% in unstimulated PMVEC, p<0.05) in the presence of iNOS+/+, but not iNOS-/-, AM in the upper compartment. Similarly, iNOS+/+, but not iNOS-/-, AM in the lower compartment also enhanced septic trans-PMVEC albumin leak. The mechanism of iNOS-dependent septic PMVEC permeability was pursued through pharmacologic studies with inhibitors of NOS, and scavengers of NO, superoxide, and peroxynitrite, and treatment of PMVEC with the NO donor, DETA-NONOate. Septic iNOS+/+ AM-dependent trans-PMVEC albumin leak was significantly attenuated by pharmacologic iNOS inhibition (L-NAME and 1400W), and scavenging of either NO (oxyhemoglobin), superoxide (PEG-SOD), or peroxynitrite (FeTPPS). Exogenous NO (DETA-NONOate) had no effect on PMVEC permeability. These data are consistent with a direct role of AM iNOS in septic PMVEC barrier dysfunction, which is likely mediated, in part, through peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Farley
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Division of Respirology, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
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Meyer S, Z'graggen BR, Blumenthal S, Borgeat A, Ganter MT, Reyes L, Booy C, Neff TA, Spahn DR, Beck-Schimmer B. Hypoxia attenuates effector-target cell interaction in the airway and pulmonary vascular compartment. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 150:358-67. [PMID: 17892511 PMCID: PMC2219348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucocyte infiltration is known to play an important role in hypoxia-induced tissue damage. However, little information is available about hypoxia and interaction of effector (neutrophils) with target cells (alveolar epithelial cells, AEC; rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells, RPAEC). The goal of this study was to elucidate hypoxia-induced changes of effector-target cell interaction. AEC and RPAEC were exposed to 5% oxygen for 2-6 h. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was determined and cell adherence as well as cytotoxicity assays were performed. Nitric oxide and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) production was assessed in target cells. Under hypoxic conditions enhanced ICAM-1 production was found in both cell types. This resulted in an increase of adherent neutrophils to AEC and RPAEC. The death rate of hypoxia-exposed target cells decreased significantly in comparison to control cells. Nitric oxide (NO) concentration was enhanced, as was production of HSP70 in AEC. Blocking NO production in target cells resulted in increased cytotoxicity in AEC and RPAEC. This study shows for the first time that target cells are more resistant to effector cells under hypoxia, suggesting hypoxia-induced cell protection. An underlying mechanism for this phenomenon might be the protective effect of increased levels of NO in target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meyer
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, and Institute of Physiology and Center for Intergrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Fedulov AV, Leme A, Yang Z, Dahl M, Lim R, Mariani TJ, Kobzik L. Pulmonary exposure to particles during pregnancy causes increased neonatal asthma susceptibility. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 38:57-67. [PMID: 17656681 PMCID: PMC2176127 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0124oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune responses can promote allergy development in offspring, as shown in a model of increased susceptibility to asthma in babies of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mother mice. We investigated whether inflammatory responses to air pollution particles (diesel exhaust particles, DEP) or control "inert" titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles are enhanced during pregnancy and whether exposure to particles can cause increased neonatal susceptibility to asthma. Pregnant BALB/c mice (or nonpregnant controls) received particle suspensions intranasally at Day 14 of pregnancy. Lung inflammatory responses were evaluated 48 hours after exposure. Offspring of particle- or buffer-treated mothers were sensitized and aerosolized with OVA, followed by assays of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic inflammation (AI). Nonpregnant females had the expected minimal response to "inert" TiO(2). In contrast, pregnant mice showed robust and persistent acute inflammation after both TiO(2) and DEP. Genomic profiling identified genes differentially expressed in pregnant lungs exposed to TiO(2). Neonates of mothers exposed to TiO(2) (and DEP, but not PBS) developed AHR and AI, indicating that pregnancy exposure to both "inert" TiO(2) and DEP caused increased asthma susceptibility in offspring. We conclude that (1) pregnancy enhances lung inflammatory responses to otherwise relatively innocuous inert particles; and (2) exposures of nonallergic pregnant females to inert or toxic environmental air particles can cause increased allergic susceptibility in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Fedulov
- Harvard School of Public Health, Dept. of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, 665 Huntington Ave, HSPH-12, Room 1313, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Shelton JL, Wang L, Cepinskas G, Sandig M, Scott JA, North ML, Inculet R, Mehta S. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in human neutrophils but not pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) mediates septic protein leak in vitro. Microvasc Res 2007; 74:23-31. [PMID: 17451752 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by injury of the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) leading to high-protein pulmonary edema. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mediates trans-PMVEC protein leak in septic mice in vivo and in murine PMVEC under septic conditions in vitro, but the role of iNOS in human PMVEC protein leak has not been addressed. We hypothesized that iNOS in human neutrophils, but not human PMVEC, mediates septic trans-PMVEC protein leak in vitro. We isolated human PMVEC from lung tissue using magnetic bead-bound anti-PECAM antibody and assessed Evans blue albumin leak across human PMVEC monolayers under septic conditions in the presence/absence of human neutrophils. PMVEC were used at passages 3-4, seeded on 3 mum Transwell inserts and grown to confluence. Cytomix-stimulated trans-PMVEC albumin leak was not attenuated by pre-treatment with 1400 W, a selective iNOS inhibitor, or l-NAME, a non-selective NOS inhibitor. In neutrophil-PMVEC co-culture, basal unstimulated trans-EB-albumin leak was 0.6+/-0.3%, which was increased by cytomix stimulation to 11.5+/-4.4%, p<0.01. Cytomix-stimulated EB-albumin leak in neutrophil-PMVEC co-cultures was inhibited by pre-treatment with 1400 W (3.8+/-1.0%, p<0.05) or l-NAME (4.0+/-1.1%, p<0.05). Pre-treatment of neutrophil-PMVEC co-cultures with PEG-SOD (superoxide scavenger) and FeTPPS (peroxynitrite scavenger) also significantly attenuated neutrophil-dependent cytomix-stimulated leak (4.7+/-3.0%, p<0.05; 0.5+/-1.0%, p<0.01, respectively). In conclusion, trans-human PMVEC albumin leak under septic conditions is dependent on iNOS activity specifically in neutrophils, but not in PMVEC themselves. Septic neutrophil-dependent trans-PMVEC albumin leak may be mediated by peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Shelton
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Center-Victoria Hospital, University of Western Ontario, 800 Commissioner's Road, London, Ontario, Canada
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Johnson CP, Edmiston CE, Zhu YR, Adams MB, Roza AM, Kurup V. A murine model of invasive aspergillosis: variable benefit of interferon-gamma administration under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2006; 6:397-407. [PMID: 16433604 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2005.6.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma modulates host defense in a number of infectious diseases. Previous studies have shown that systemic administration of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) can enhance survival in experimental invasive aspergillosis (IA). METHODS Using a novel model of murine IA that is characterized by primary pulmonary infection, we investigated the role of IFN-gamma in the phagocytosis and killing of Aspergillus fumigatus by murine neutrophils and pulmonary alveolar macrophages in vitro and the impact of systemic and regional administration of IFN-gamma on the course of IA in glucocorticoid-treated mice. RESULTS In vitro, IFN-gamma significantly enhanced phagocytosis and killing function of both neutrophils and alveolar macrophages from normal animals, but not cortisone-treated animals. In vivo, intravenous administration of IFN-gamma did not improve phagocyte recruitment, in vivo killing, or mortality from IA. Regional (intranasal) administration of IFN-gamma to the lungs enhanced recruitment of phagocytic cells to the lungs and improved in vivo killing, but did not alter (and actually worsened) mortality from IA. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro and in vivo effects of IFN-gamma in IA are contingent on many variables, including the route of administration and the specific pathogenesis of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Johnson
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin and Zablocki Veterans Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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St Croix CM, Leelavaninchkul K, Watkins SC, Kagan VE, Pitt BR. Nitric oxide and zinc homeostasis in acute lung injury. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2006; 2:236-42. [PMID: 16222044 PMCID: PMC2713321 DOI: 10.1513/pats.200501-007ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among putative small molecules that affect sensitivity to acute lung injury, zinc and nitric oxide are potentially unique by virtue of their interdependence and dual capacities to be cytoprotective or injurious. Nitric oxide and zinc appear to be linked via an intracellular signaling pathway involving S-nitrosation of metallothoinein--itself a small protein known to be an important inducible gene product that may modify lung injury. In the present article, we summarize recent efforts using genetic and fluorescence optical imaging techniques to: (1) demonstrate that S-nitrosation of metallothionein affects intracellular zinc homeostasis in intact pulmonary endothelial cells; and (2) reveal a protective role for this pathway in hyperoxic and LPS-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Mehta S. The effects of nitric oxide in acute lung injury. Vascul Pharmacol 2005; 43:390-403. [PMID: 16256443 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2005.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Ongoing clinical and basic research and a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of ALI have not been translated into new anti-inflammatory therapeutic options for patients with ALI, or into a significant improvement in the outcome of ALI. In both animal models and humans with ALI, there is increased endogenous production of nitric oxide (NO) due to enhanced expression and activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). This increased presence of iNOS and NO in ALI contributes importantly to the pathophysiology of ALI. However, inhibition of total NO production or selective inhibition of iNOS has not been effective in the treatment of ALI. We have recently suggested that there may be differential effects of NO derived from different cell populations in ALI. This concept of cell-source-specific effects of NO in ALI has potential therapeutic relevance, as targeted iNOS inhibition specifically to key individual cells may be an effective therapeutic approach in patients with ALI. In this paper, we will explore the potential role for endogenous iNOS-derived NO in ALI. We will review the evidence for increased iNOS expression and NO production, the effects of non-selective NOS inhibition, the effects of selective inhibition or deficiency of iNOS, and this concept of cell-source-specific effects of iNOS in both animal models and human ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Mehta
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, Division of Respirology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Bosma K, Fanelli V, Ranieri VM. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: update on the latest developments in basic and clinical research. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2005; 18:137-45. [PMID: 16534329 DOI: 10.1097/01.aco.0000162831.41097.6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome is a common, serious condition affecting a heterogeneous population of critically ill patients. Other than low tidal volume ventilation, no specific therapy has improved survival. Understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and lessons to be learned from previous clinical trials is necessary for the development of new therapies and the rational design of studies assessing their efficacy. RECENT FINDINGS Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome occurs in 6-8% of the general intensive care unit population, with a mortality of 32-45%. A recent epidemiologic study found that multi-organ dysfunction, use of tidal volumes higher than 6 ml/kg, and high mean fluid balance were independent risks for mortality. Although high levels of inflammatory mediators are also markers for acute respiratory distress syndrome development and death, short courses of high-dose steroids are not effective in acute cases. The latest theory of biotrauma proposes cellular mechanisms by which mechanical ventilation incites a local and systemic inflammatory response; protective lung ventilation with low tidal volumes can attenuate this inflammation and injury to distal organs. Endogenous surfactant function is clearly impaired, but no commercially available surfactant preparation has been shown to reduce mortality. Results of trials to determine efficacy of steroids in late cases and optimal fluid management are pending. SUMMARY The results of recent clinical trials have raised more questions. Further study of the inflammatory response, surfactant regulation, and the cellular impact of mechanical ventilation should help to develop new therapies, target patients most likely to benefit, and identify appropriate timing of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bosma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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