1
|
Sazonovs A, Stevens CR, Venkataraman GR, Yuan K, Avila B, Abreu MT, Ahmad T, Allez M, Ananthakrishnan AN, Atzmon G, Baras A, Barrett JC, Barzilai N, Beaugerie L, Beecham A, Bernstein CN, Bitton A, Bokemeyer B, Chan A, Chung D, Cleynen I, Cosnes J, Cutler DJ, Daly A, Damas OM, Datta LW, Dawany N, Devoto M, Dodge S, Ellinghaus E, Fachal L, Farkkila M, Faubion W, Ferreira M, Franchimont D, Gabriel SB, Ge T, Georges M, Gettler K, Giri M, Glaser B, Goerg S, Goyette P, Graham D, Hämäläinen E, Haritunians T, Heap GA, Hiltunen M, Hoeppner M, Horowitz JE, Irving P, Iyer V, Jalas C, Kelsen J, Khalili H, Kirschner BS, Kontula K, Koskela JT, Kugathasan S, Kupcinskas J, Lamb CA, Laudes M, Lévesque C, Levine AP, Lewis JD, Liefferinckx C, Loescher BS, Louis E, Mansfield J, May S, McCauley JL, Mengesha E, Mni M, Moayyedi P, Moran CJ, Newberry RD, O'Charoen S, Okou DT, Oldenburg B, Ostrer H, Palotie A, Paquette J, Pekow J, Peter I, Pierik MJ, Ponsioen CY, Pontikos N, Prescott N, Pulver AE, Rahmouni S, Rice DL, Saavalainen P, Sands B, Sartor RB, Schiff ER, Schreiber S, Schumm LP, Segal AW, Seksik P, Shawky R, Sheikh SZ, Silverberg MS, Simmons A, Skeiceviciene J, Sokol H, Solomonson M, Somineni H, Sun D, Targan S, Turner D, Uhlig HH, van der Meulen AE, Vermeire S, Verstockt S, Voskuil MD, Winter HS, Young J, Duerr RH, Franke A, Brant SR, Cho J, Weersma RK, Parkes M, Xavier RJ, Rivas MA, Rioux JD, McGovern DPB, Huang H, Anderson CA, Daly MJ. Large-scale sequencing identifies multiple genes and rare variants associated with Crohn's disease susceptibility. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1275-1283. [PMID: 36038634 PMCID: PMC9700438 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified hundreds of loci associated with Crohn's disease (CD). However, as with all complex diseases, robust identification of the genes dysregulated by noncoding variants typically driving GWAS discoveries has been challenging. Here, to complement GWASs and better define actionable biological targets, we analyzed sequence data from more than 30,000 patients with CD and 80,000 population controls. We directly implicate ten genes in general onset CD for the first time to our knowledge via association to coding variation, four of which lie within established CD GWAS loci. In nine instances, a single coding variant is significantly associated, and in the tenth, ATG4C, we see additionally a significantly increased burden of very rare coding variants in CD cases. In addition to reiterating the central role of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as autophagy in CD pathogenesis, these newly associated genes highlight the emerging role of mesenchymal cells in the development and maintenance of intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksejs Sazonovs
- Genomics of Inflammation and Immunity Group, Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Christine R Stevens
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kai Yuan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Avila
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Crohn's and Colitis Center, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Matthieu Allez
- Hopital Saint-Louis, APHP, Universite de Paris, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Crohn's and Colitis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department for Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Barrett
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Institute for Aging Research, The Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging and the Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Human Aging Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Beaugerie
- Gastroenterology Department, Sorbonne Universite, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ashley Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Alain Bitton
- McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernd Bokemeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrew Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jacques Cosnes
- Professeur Chef de Service chez APHP and Universite Paris-6, Paris, France
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allan Daly
- Human Genetics Informatics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Lisa W Datta
- Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noor Dawany
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRGB - CNR, Cagliari, Italy
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sheila Dodge
- Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laura Fachal
- Genomics of Inflammation and Immunity Group, Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Stacey B Gabriel
- Genomics Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kyle Gettler
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mamta Giri
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Philippe Goyette
- Research Center Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Graham
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eija Hämäläinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marc Hoeppner
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Peter Irving
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guys and Saint Thomas Hospital, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Human Genetics Informatics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Chaim Jalas
- Director of Genetic Resources and Services, Center for Rare Jewish Genetic Disorders, Bonei Olam, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Judith Kelsen
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara S Kirschner
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kimmo Kontula
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka T Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Christopher A Lamb
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Chloé Lévesque
- Research Center Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - James D Lewis
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Britt-Sabina Loescher
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - John Mansfield
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sandra May
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jacob L McCauley
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emebet Mengesha
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Mni
- University of Liège, ULG, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - David T Okou
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institut National de Sante Publique (INSP), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bas Oldenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Paquette
- Research Center Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marieke J Pierik
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cyriel Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Natalie Prescott
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ann E Pulver
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniel L Rice
- Genomics of Inflammation and Immunity Group, Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Päivi Saavalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruce Sands
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Stefan Schreiber
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - L Philip Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Philippe Seksik
- Gastroenterology Department, Sorbonne Universite, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Rasha Shawky
- IBD BioResource, NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shehzad Z Sheikh
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jurgita Skeiceviciene
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, Sorbonne Universite, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Matthew Solomonson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hari Somineni
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dylan Sun
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Stephan Targan
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Turner
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea E van der Meulen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sare Verstockt
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel D Voskuil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Andre Franke
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steven R Brant
- Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Crohn's Colitis Center of New Jersey, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick and Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miles Parkes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Kurt Isselbacher Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Core Institute Member, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Immunology Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John D Rioux
- Research Center Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Carl A Anderson
- Genomics of Inflammation and Immunity Group, Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Mark J Daly
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ruiz M. Into the Labyrinth of the Lipocalin α1-Acid Glycoprotein. Front Physiol 2021; 12:686251. [PMID: 34168570 PMCID: PMC8217824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.686251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), also known as Orosomucoid (ORM), belongs to the Lipocalin protein family and it is well-known for being a positive acute-phase protein. AGP is mostly found in plasma, with the liver as main contributor, but it is also expressed in other tissues such as the brain or the adipose tissue. Despite the vast literature on AGP, the physiological functions of the protein remain to be elucidated. A large number of activities mostly related to protection and immune system modulation have been described. Recently created AGP-knockout models have suggested novel physiological roles of AGP, including regulation of metabolism. AGP has an outstanding ability to efficiently bind endogenous and exogenous small molecules that together with the complex and variable glycosylation patterns, determine AGP functions. This review summarizes and discusses the recent findings on AGP structure (including glycans), ligand-binding ability, regulation, and physiological functions of AGP. Moreover, this review explores possible molecular and functional connections between AGP and other members of the Lipocalin protein family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
How Does Endothelial Permeability Affect the Development of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis? Vascular Endothelial Cadherin as a Promising New Tool Helpful in the Diagnostic Process. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8899061. [PMID: 33144896 PMCID: PMC7596436 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8899061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) is a calcium-dependent protein essential for stabilization of the adherens junctions of the endothelial cells. Through vasculogenic mimicry, VE-cadherin may influence angiogenesis in synovial fibroblast-like cells. The soluble extracellular domain of VE-cadherin may be considered an indicator of endothelial dysfunction. Its potential as a diagnostic biomarker in rheumatic diseases, including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), needs to be investigated. Materials and Methods The study group included 80 patients diagnosed with JIA. In 53 individuals, blood samples were obtained twice with an average interval of 102.4 ± 4.6 days. Results from the study group were compared to 29 age- and sex-matched healthy children. Results Serum levels of VE-cadherin were significantly higher in JIA patients than in healthy controls. In such comparison, VE-cadherin had 87.5% sensitivity and 69.0% specificity for the cutoff level 4.36 ng/ml (Youden index 0.56, area under the curve 0.724). VE-cadherin concentrations negatively correlated with the disease activity score. However, such finding may be a false result because of the downregulation of VE-cadherin induced by glucocorticosteroids. Conclusions VE-cadherin may become a promising diagnostic biomarker of early stages of JIA. Its predictive significance may be decreased by utilization of glucocorticosteroids. A multicentre study including patients with other arthritides is recommended for further evaluation of this protein.
Collapse
|
4
|
Metformin as a Potential Agent in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175957. [PMID: 32825027 PMCID: PMC7503488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a synthetic derivative of guanidine, is commonly used as an oral antidiabetic agent and is considered a multi-vector application agent in the treatment of other inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of metformin on immune cells, with special emphasis on immunological mechanisms. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by various clinical courses. Although the pathophysiology of MS remains unknown, it is most likely a combination of disturbances of the immune system and biochemical pathways with a disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and it is strictly related to injury of intracerebral blood vessels. Metformin has properties which are greatly desirable for MS therapy, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or antiplatelet functions. The latest reports relating to the cardiovascular disease confirm an increased risk of ischemic events in MS patients, which are directly associated with a coagulation cascade and an elevated pro-thrombotic platelet function. Hence, this review examines the potential favourable effects of metformin in the course of MS, its role in preventing inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, as well as its potential antiplatelet role.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin M, Xue CJ, Wang Y, Dong F, Peng YY, Zhang YD, Zang BX, Tan L. Protective Effect of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A on Inflammatory Injury in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 25:750-756. [PMID: 30588579 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the attenuating effect of Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on inflammatory injury in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups according to body weight including normal control group, HSYA blank group (76.8 mg/kg), COPD group, COPD+HSYA (30, 48, 76.8 mg/kg) groups and COPD+dexamethasone (2 mg/kg), 10 in each group. Passive cigarette smoke and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharides were used to establish a COPD model in rats. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of lung tissue sections was used, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assay mRNA levels of some cytokines in lung tissues, the cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot analysis was used to determine phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) levels in lung tissues, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 protein levels in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Lung alveolar septa destruction, alveolus fusion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and bronchiole exudation were observed. These pathological changes were alleviated in the COPD+HSYA group. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors were significantly increased in lung tissues from COPD rats (all P<0.01) and were inhibited by HSYA. Levels of inflammatory cytokines in BALF of COPD rats were significantly increased (all P<0.01) which were inhibited by HSYA (all P<0.01, 48, 76.8 mg/kg). The levels of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and p65 in lung tissues of COPD rats were significantly increased (all P<0.01) and were suppressed by HSYA (all P<0.01, 48, 76.8 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS HSYA could alleviate inflammatory cell infiltration and other pathological changes in the lungs of COPD rats. HSYA inhibited inflammatory cytokine expression, and increase phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 in the lungs of COPD rats. The protective mechanism of HSYA to inhibit COPD inflammation might be by attenuating NF-κB and p38MAPK signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chang-Jiang Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ya-Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bao-Xia Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vaickus M, Hsieh T, Kintsurashvili E, Kim J, Kirsch D, Kasotakis G, Remick DG. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice Beneficially Alters Lung NK1R and Structural Protein Expression to Enhance Survival after Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:295-307. [PMID: 30472211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in a murine model increases survival to a bacterial pulmonary challenge compared with blunt tail trauma (TT). We hypothesize substance P and its receptor, the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R; official name TACR1), play a role in the increased survival of mTBI mice. Mice were subjected to mTBI or TT, and 48 hours after trauma, the levels of NK1R mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated in mTBI lungs. Examination of the lung 48 hours after injury by microarray showed significant differences in the expression of 433 gene sets between groups, most notably genes related to intercellular proteins. Despite down-regulated gene expression of connective proteins, the presence of an intact pulmonary vasculature was supported by normal histology and bronchoalveolar lavage protein levels. To determine whether these mTBI-induced lung changes benefited in vivo responses, two chemotactic stimuli (a CXCL1 chemokine and a live Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection) were administered 48 hours after trauma. For both stimuli, mTBI mice recruited more neutrophils to the lung 4 hours after instillation (CXCL1: mTBI = 6.3 ± 1.3 versus TT = 3.3 ± 0.7 neutrophils/mL; Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mTBI = 9.4 ± 1.4 versus TT = 5.3 ± 1.1 neutrophils/mL). This study demonstrates that the downstream consequences of mTBI on lung NK1R levels and connective protein expression enhance neutrophil recruitment to a stimulus that may contribute to increased survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Vaickus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Terry Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ekaterina Kintsurashvili
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiyoun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Kirsch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George Kasotakis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel G Remick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lautenschläger I, Wong YL, Sarau J, Goldmann T, Zitta K, Albrecht M, Frerichs I, Weiler N, Uhlig S. Signalling mechanisms in PAF-induced intestinal failure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13382. [PMID: 29042668 PMCID: PMC5645457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary leakage syndrome, vasomotor disturbances and gut atony are common clinical problems in intensive care medicine. Various inflammatory mediators and signalling pathways are involved in these pathophysiological alterations among them platelet-activating factor (PAF). The related signalling mechanisms of the PAF-induced dysfunctions are only poorly understood. Here we used the model of the isolated perfused rat small intestine to analyse the role of calcium (using calcium deprivation, IP-receptor blockade (2-APB)), cAMP (PDE-inhibition plus AC activator), myosin light chain kinase (inhibitor ML-7) and Rho-kinase (inhibitor Y27632) in the following PAF-induced malfunctions: vasoconstriction, capillary and mucosal leakage, oedema formation, malabsorption and atony. Among these, the PAF-induced vasoconstriction and hyperpermeability appear to be governed by similar mechanisms that involve IP3 receptors, extracellular calcium and the Rho-kinase. Our findings further suggest that cAMP-elevating treatments - while effective against hypertension and oedema - bear the risk of dysmotility and reduced nutrient uptake. Agents such as 2-APB or Y27632, on the other hand, showed no negative side effects and improved most of the PAF-induced malfunctions suggesting that their therapeutic usefulness should be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Lautenschläger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yuk Lung Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Sarau
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostic, Research Centre Borstel, Leibniz-Centre for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Research Centre Borstel, Leibniz-Centre for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Karina Zitta
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inéz Frerichs
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Weiler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma X, Xiaokaiti Y, Lei H, Liu W, Xu J, Sun Y, Zhao X, Pu X, Zhai S. Epinephrine inhibits vascular hyperpermeability during platelet-activating factor- or ovalbumin-induced anaphylaxis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been shown to play a critical role in mediating vascular hyperpermeability during anaphylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Department of Pharmacy
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yilixiati Xiaokaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science
| | - Hui Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
| | - Xiaoping Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- Beijing
- China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology
| | - Suodi Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing
- China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baimukanova G, Miyazawa B, Potter DR, Gibb SL, Keating S, Danesh A, Beyer A, Dayter Y, Bruhn R, Muench MO, Cap AP, Norris PJ, Spinella P, Cohen M, Pati S. The effects of 22°C and 4°C storage of platelets on vascular endothelial integrity and function. Transfusion 2016; 56 Suppl 1:S52-64. [PMID: 27001362 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a majority of the studies conducted to date on platelet (PLT) storage have been focused on PLT hemostatic function, the effects of 4°C PLTs on regulation of endothelial barrier permeability are still not known. In this study, we compared the effects of room temperature (22°C) stored and (4°C) stored PLTs on the regulation of vascular endothelial cell (EC) permeability in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Day 1, Day 5, and Day 7 leukoreduced apheresis PLTs stored at 4 or 22°C were studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, PLT effects on EC permeability and barrier function, adhesion, and impedance aggregometry were investigated. In vivo, using a mouse model of vascular leak, attenuation of vascular leak and circulating PLT numbers were measured. RESULTS Treatment of EC monolayers with Day 5 or Day 7 PLTs, stored at both 22°C and 4°C, resulted in similar decreases in EC permeability on average. However, analysis of individual samples revealed significant variation that was donor dependent. Additional in vitro measurements revealed a decrease in inflammatory mediators, nonspecific PLT-endothelial aggregation and attenuated loss of aggregation over time to TRAP, ASPI, ADP, and collagen with 4°C storage. In mice, while 22°C and 4°C PLTs both demonstrated significant protection against vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-induced vascular leak 22°C PLTs exhibited increased protection compared to 4°C PLTs. Systemic circulating levels of 4°C PLTs were decreased compared to 22°C PLTs. CONCLUSIONS In vitro, 4°C-stored PLTs exhibit a greater capacity to inhibit EC permeability than 22°C-stored PLTs. In vivo, 22°C PLTs provide superior control of vascular leak induced by VEGF-A. This discrepancy may be due to increased clearance of 4°C PLTs from the systemic circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyulnar Baimukanova
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Byron Miyazawa
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel R Potter
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Stuart L Gibb
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sheila Keating
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ali Danesh
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ashley Beyer
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Yelena Dayter
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Roberta Bruhn
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Marcus O Muench
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew P Cap
- Coagulation and Blood Research Program, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-FT Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Philip J Norris
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Philip Spinella
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Mitchell Cohen
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Shibani Pati
- Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guequén A, Carrasco R, Zamorano P, Rebolledo L, Burboa P, Sarmiento J, Boric MP, Korayem A, Durán WN, Sánchez FA. S-nitrosylation regulates VE-cadherin phosphorylation and internalization in microvascular permeability. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1039-44. [PMID: 26921435 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00063.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The adherens junction complex, composed mainly of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, β-catenin, p120, and γ-catenin, is the main element of the endothelial barrier in postcapillary venules.S-nitrosylation of β-catenin and p120 is an important step in proinflammatory agents-induced hyperpermeability. We investigated in vitro and in vivo whether or not VE-cadherin isS-nitrosylated using platelet-activating factor (PAF) as agonist. We report that PAF-stimulates S-nitrosylation of VE-cadherin, which disrupts its association with β-catenin. In addition, based on inhibition of nitric oxide production, our results strongly suggest that S-nitrosylation is required for VE-cadherin phosphorylation on tyrosine and for its internalization. Our results unveil an important mechanism to regulate phosphorylation of junctional proteins in association with S-nitrosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Guequén
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Carrasco
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Patricia Zamorano
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Lorena Rebolledo
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pia Burboa
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - José Sarmiento
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mauricio P Boric
- Departamento de Fisiología, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Adam Korayem
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Walter N Durán
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Fabiola A Sánchez
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Timmerman I, Daniel AE, Kroon J, van Buul JD. Leukocytes Crossing the Endothelium: A Matter of Communication. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 322:281-329. [PMID: 26940521 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leukocytes cross the endothelial vessel wall in a process called transendothelial migration (TEM). The purpose of leukocyte TEM is to clear the causing agents of inflammation in underlying tissues, for example, bacteria and viruses. During TEM, endothelial cells initiate signals that attract and guide leukocytes to sites of tissue damage. Leukocytes react by attaching to these sites and signal their readiness to move back to endothelial cells. Endothelial cells in turn respond by facilitating the passage of leukocytes while retaining overall integrity. In this review, we present recent findings in the field and we have endeavored to synthesize a coherent picture of the intricate interplay between endothelial cells and leukocytes during TEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Timmerman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Daniel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim H, Kim BJ, Ahn SH, Lee SH, Koh JM. Higher plasma platelet-activating factor levels are associated with increased risk of vertebral fracture and lower bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:701-7. [PMID: 25501698 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite experimental and animal evidence showing the detrimental effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on bone metabolism, there are no clinical studies relating PAF to osteoporosis-related phenotypes. This case-control study investigates the association between plasma PAF, osteoporotic vertebral fracture (VF), and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. Among 474 eligible women not taking any drug or having any disease that could affect bone metabolism, we identified 73 cases defined as subjects with radiological VF. The controls were randomly selected from the remaining 401 subjects and matched 1:1 to cases in terms of both age and body mass index (BMI). Lateral thoracolumbar radiographs, BMD, and plasma PAF levels were determined for all subjects. Postmenopausal women with VF demonstrated 34.6 % higher plasma PAF levels than subjects without VF after adjusting for age, BMI, smoking habits, alcohol intake, regular exercise, and parental history of osteoporotic fractures (P = 0.021). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds ratio for VF linearly increased across increasing PAF quartiles (P for trend = 0.040) and the odds for VF were 2.88-fold higher in subjects in the highest quartile in comparison with those in the lowest quartile (95 % CI 1.04-8.01). Plasma PAF levels were inversely correlated with BMD at various sites (γ = -0.253 to -0.176, P = 0.003-0.041). These findings suggest that plasma PAF may be a potential biomarker for predicting poor bone health in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonmok Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap2-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap2-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
| | - Seong Hee Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap2-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap2-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap2-Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim JY, Choi JS, Song SH, Im JE, Kim JM, Kim K, Kwon S, Shin HK, Joo CK, Lee BH, Suh W. Stem cell factor is a potent endothelial permeability factor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1459-67. [PMID: 24790137 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although stem cell factor (SCF) has been shown to play a critical role in hematopoiesis, gametogenesis, and melanogenesis, the function of SCF in the regulation of vascular integrity has not been studied. APPROACH AND RESULTS We demonstrated that SCF binds to and activates the cKit receptor in endothelial cells, thereby increasing the internalization of vascular endothelial-cadherin and enhancing extravasation of dyes to a similar extent as vascular endothelial growth factor. SCF-mediated cKit activation in endothelial cells enhanced the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway and subsequently increased the production of NO. Inhibition of endothelial NO synthase expression and NO synthesis using small interfering RNA knockdown and chemical inhibitors substantially diminished the ability of SCF to increase the internalization of vascular endothelial-cadherin and in vitro endothelial permeability. SCF-induced increase in extravasation of the dyes was abrogated in endothelial NO synthase knockout mice, which indicates that endothelial NO synthase-mediated NO production was responsible for the SCF-induced vascular leakage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expression of SCF and cKit was significantly higher in the retina of streptozotocin-injected diabetic mice than in the nondiabetic control animals. Depletion of SCF by intravitreous injection of anti-SCF-neutralizing immunoglobulin G significantly prevented vascular hyperpermeability in the retinas of streptozotocin-injected diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that SCF disrupts the endothelial adherens junction and enhances vascular leakage, as well as suggest that anti-SCF/cKit therapy may hold promise as a potential therapy for the treatment of hyperpermeable vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (J.Y.K., S.-H.S., J.-E.I., K.K., S.K., W.S.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.C., C.-K.J.); Department of Molecular and Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.K.); Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea (H.K.S.); and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea (B.H.L.)
| | - Jun-Sub Choi
- From the College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (J.Y.K., S.-H.S., J.-E.I., K.K., S.K., W.S.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.C., C.-K.J.); Department of Molecular and Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.K.); Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea (H.K.S.); and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea (B.H.L.)
| | - Sun-Hwa Song
- From the College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (J.Y.K., S.-H.S., J.-E.I., K.K., S.K., W.S.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.C., C.-K.J.); Department of Molecular and Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.K.); Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea (H.K.S.); and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea (B.H.L.)
| | - Ji-Eun Im
- From the College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (J.Y.K., S.-H.S., J.-E.I., K.K., S.K., W.S.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.C., C.-K.J.); Department of Molecular and Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.K.); Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea (H.K.S.); and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea (B.H.L.)
| | - Jung-Mo Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (J.Y.K., S.-H.S., J.-E.I., K.K., S.K., W.S.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.C., C.-K.J.); Department of Molecular and Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.K.); Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea (H.K.S.); and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea (B.H.L.)
| | - Kyungjong Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (J.Y.K., S.-H.S., J.-E.I., K.K., S.K., W.S.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.C., C.-K.J.); Department of Molecular and Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.K.); Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea (H.K.S.); and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea (B.H.L.)
| | - Soonboem Kwon
- From the College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (J.Y.K., S.-H.S., J.-E.I., K.K., S.K., W.S.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.C., C.-K.J.); Department of Molecular and Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.K.); Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea (H.K.S.); and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea (B.H.L.)
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- From the College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (J.Y.K., S.-H.S., J.-E.I., K.K., S.K., W.S.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.C., C.-K.J.); Department of Molecular and Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.K.); Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea (H.K.S.); and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea (B.H.L.)
| | - Choun-Ki Joo
- From the College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (J.Y.K., S.-H.S., J.-E.I., K.K., S.K., W.S.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.C., C.-K.J.); Department of Molecular and Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.K.); Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea (H.K.S.); and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea (B.H.L.)
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- From the College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (J.Y.K., S.-H.S., J.-E.I., K.K., S.K., W.S.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.C., C.-K.J.); Department of Molecular and Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.K.); Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea (H.K.S.); and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea (B.H.L.)
| | - Wonhee Suh
- From the College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (J.Y.K., S.-H.S., J.-E.I., K.K., S.K., W.S.); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.C., C.-K.J.); Department of Molecular and Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea (J.-M.K.); Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea (H.K.S.); and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea (B.H.L.).
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Küppers V, Vockel M, Nottebaum AF, Vestweber D. Phosphatases and kinases as regulators of the endothelial barrier function. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:577-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
15
|
Vilgrain I, Sidibé A, Polena H, Cand F, Mannic T, Arboleas M, Boccard S, Baudet A, Gulino-Debrac D, Bouillet L, Quesada JL, Mendoza C, Lebas JF, Pelletier L, Berger F. Evidence for post-translational processing of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin in brain tumors: towards a candidate biomarker. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80056. [PMID: 24358106 PMCID: PMC3864785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vessel abnormalities are among the most important features in malignant glioma. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is of major importance for vascular integrity. Upon cytokine challenge, VE-cadherin structural modifications have been described including tyrosine phosphorylation and cleavage. The goal of this study was to examine whether these events occurred in human glioma vessels. We demonstrated that VE-cadherin is highly expressed in human glioma tissue and tyrosine phosphorylated at site Y(685), a site previously found phosphorylated upon VEGF challenge, via Src activation. In vitro experiments showed that VEGF-induced VE-cadherin phosphorylation, preceded the cleavage of its extracellular adhesive domain (sVE, 90 kDa). Interestingly, metalloproteases (MMPs) secreted by glioma cell lines were responsible for sVE release. Because VEGF and MMPs are important components of tumor microenvironment, we hypothesized that VE-cadherin proteolysis might occur in human brain tumors. Analysis of glioma patient sera prior treatment confirmed the presence of sVE in bloodstream. Furthermore, sVE levels studied in a cohort of 53 glioma patients were significantly predictive of the overall survival at three years (HR 0.13 [0.04; 0.40] p ≤ 0.001), irrespective to histopathological grade of tumors. Altogether, these results suggest that VE-cadherin structural modifications should be examined as candidate biomarkers of tumor vessel abnormalities, with promising applications in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Vilgrain
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Adama Sidibé
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Helena Polena
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Francine Cand
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Tiphaine Mannic
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Mélanie Arboleas
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandra Boccard
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Baudet
- Grenoble University Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Grenoble, France
| | - Danielle Gulino-Debrac
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Quesada
- INSERM 003, Clinical Investigation Center, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Mendoza
- INSERM 003, Clinical Investigation Center, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Laurent Pelletier
- INSERM, Unit 836 Brain Nanomedicine, Grenoble Neurosciences Institut Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Joseph Fourier University, Medicine School, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, Biology and Pathology Institute, Grenoble, France
| | - François Berger
- INSERM, Unit 836 Brain Nanomedicine, Grenoble Neurosciences Institut Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Joseph Fourier University, Medicine School, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
- Grenoble University Hospital, Division of Oncology, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
This article examines the role of the endothelial cytoskeleton in the lung's ability to restrict fluid and protein to vascular space at normal vascular pressures and thereby to protect lung alveoli from lethal flooding. The barrier properties of microvascular endothelium are dependent on endothelial cell contact with other vessel-wall lining cells and with the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). Focal adhesion complexes are essential for attachment of endothelium to ECM. In quiescent endothelial cells, the thick cortical actin rim helps determine cell shape and stabilize endothelial adherens junctions and focal adhesions through protein bridges to actin cytoskeleton. Permeability-increasing agonists signal activation of "small GTPases" of the Rho family to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton, leading to endothelial cell shape change, disassembly of cortical actin rim, and redistribution of actin into cytoplasmic stress fibers. In association with calcium- and Src-regulated myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), stress fibers become actinomyosin-mediated contractile units. Permeability-increasing agonists stimulate calcium entry and induce tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin) and β-catenins to weaken or pull apart endothelial adherens junctions. Some permeability agonists cause latent activation of the small GTPases, Cdc42 and Rac1, which facilitate endothelial barrier recovery and eliminate interendothelial gaps. Under the influence of Cdc42 and Rac1, filopodia and lamellipodia are generated by rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton. These motile evaginations extend endothelial cell borders across interendothelial gaps, and may initiate reannealing of endothelial junctions. Endogenous barrier protective substances, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate, play an important role in maintaining a restrictive endothelial barrier and counteracting the effects of permeability-increasing agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Vogel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bouillet L, Baudet AE, Deroux A, Sidibé A, Dumestre-Perard C, Mannic T, Treillard B, Arboleas MA, Chiquet CA, Gulino-Debrac DG, Vilgrain IY. Auto-antibodies to vascular endothelial cadherin in humans: association with autoimmune diseases. J Transl Med 2013; 93:1194-202. [PMID: 24061286 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify patients with autoimmune diseases who are at high risk of developing vascular cell dysfunction, early biomarkers must be identified. This study was designed to detect and characterize circulating autoantibodies to VE-cadherin (AAVEs) in patients with early-stage autoimmune diseases. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to capture autoantibodies, using a recombinant human VE-cadherin fragment covering the extracellular domains as a target antigen. AAVEs specificity for the target antigen was confirmed by western blotting. Basal AAVEs levels were determined for healthy donors (n=75). Sera from patients (n=100) with various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (n=23), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n=31), systemic sclerosis (n=30), and Behçet's disease (BD, n=16) were also tested. Levels of AAVEs were significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis (P<0.0001), SLE (P<0.05), and BD (P<0.05) populations than in healthy subjects. Purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from a BD patient with exceptionally high AAVEs levels recognized the EC1-4 fragment in western blots. Further characterization of the epitopes recognized by AAVEs showed that BD patients had antibodies specific for the EC3 and EC4 domains, whereas SLE patients preferentially recognized the EC1 fragment. This suggests that distinct epitopes of human VE-cadherin might be recognized in different immune diseases. Purified IgG from BD patients was found to induce endothelial cell retraction, redistribution of VE-cadherin, and cause the formation of numerous intercellular gaps. Altogether, these data demonstrate a potential pathogenic effect of AAVEs isolated from patients with dysimmune disease. This is the first description of AAVEs in humans. Because regions EC1 and EC3-4 have been shown to be involved in homophilic VE-cadherin interactions, AAVEs produced in the course of dysimmune diseases might be specific biomarkers for endothelial injury, which is part of the early pathogenicity of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Bouillet
- 1] Grenoble University Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Grenoble, France [2] INSERM, Unit 1036, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France [3] Joseph Fourier University UJF-Grenoble 1, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France [4] CEA, DSV/iRTSV, Biology of Cancer and Infection, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Platelet-activating factor receptor blockade ameliorates Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontal disease in mice. Infect Immun 2013; 81:4244-51. [PMID: 24002061 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01046-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory and alveolar bone destructive disease triggered by oral biofilm-producing microorganisms, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The levels of the phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and periodontal tissues are significantly increased during inflammatory conditions, such as PD, but the exact mechanism that links PAF to alveolar bone resorption is not well understood. In the current study, alveolar bone resorption was induced by experimental PD through the oral inoculation of A. actinomycetemcomitans in wild-type (WT) and PAF receptor knockout (Pafr(-/-)) mice. In vitro experiments using A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with a PAF receptor antagonist (UK74505) were also performed. The expression of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase in periodontal tissues was significantly increased 3 h after A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS injection in mice. WT and Pafr(-/-) mice that were subjected to oral inoculation of A. actinomycetemcomitans presented neutrophil accumulation and increased levels of CXCL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in periodontal tissues. However, Pafr(-/-) mice presented less alveolar bone loss than WT mice. The in vitro blockade of the PAF receptor impaired the resorptive activity of A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS-activated osteoclasts. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that the blockade of PAF receptor may contribute to the progression of PD triggered by A. actinomycetemcomitans by directly affecting the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts.
Collapse
|
19
|
Daniel AE, van Buul JD. Endothelial junction regulation: a prerequisite for leukocytes crossing the vessel wall. J Innate Immun 2013; 5:324-35. [PMID: 23571667 DOI: 10.1159/000348828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukocytes of the innate immune system, especially neutrophils and monocytes, exit the circulation early in the response to local inflammation and infection. This is necessary to control and prevent the spread of infections before an adaptive immune response can be raised. The endothelial cells and the intercellular junctions that connect them form a barrier that leukocytes need to pass in order to get to the site of inflammation. The junctions are tightly regulated which ensures that leukocytes only exit when and where they are needed. This regulation is disturbed in many chronic inflammatory diseases which are characterized by ongoing recruitment and interstitial accumulation of leukocytes. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms that regulate endothelial cell-cell junctions and prevent or permit leukocyte transendothelial migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Daniel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Different PI 3-kinase inhibitors have distinct effects on endothelial permeability and leukocyte transmigration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1929-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Timmerman I, Hoogenboezem M, Bennett AM, Geerts D, Hordijk PL, van Buul JD. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 regulates recovery of endothelial adherens junctions through control of β-catenin phosphorylation. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:4212-25. [PMID: 22956765 PMCID: PMC3484100 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-01-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstitution of the endothelial barrier involves SHP2-mediated dephosphorylation of VE-cadherin–associated β-catenin, leading to reassembly of adherens junctions and thereby closing the gaps between endothelial cells. Impaired endothelial barrier function results in a persistent increase in endothelial permeability and vascular leakage. Repair of a dysfunctional endothelial barrier requires controlled restoration of adherens junctions, comprising vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and associated β-, γ-, α-, and p120-catenins. Little is known about the mechanisms by which recovery of VE-cadherin–mediated cell–cell junctions is regulated. Using the inflammatory mediator thrombin, we demonstrate an important role for the Src homology 2-domain containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) in mediating recovery of the VE-cadherin–controlled endothelial barrier. Using SHP2 substrate-trapping mutants and an in vitro phosphatase activity assay, we validate β-catenin as a bona fide SHP2 substrate. SHP2 silencing and SHP2 inhibition both result in delayed recovery of endothelial barrier function after thrombin stimulation. Moreover, on thrombin challenge, we find prolonged elevation in tyrosine phosphorylation levels of VE-cadherin–associated β-catenin in SHP2-depleted cells. No disassembly of the VE-cadherin complex is observed throughout the thrombin response. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we show that loss of SHP2 reduces the mobility of VE-cadherin at recovered cell–cell junctions. In conclusion, our data show that the SHP2 phosphatase plays an important role in the recovery of disrupted endothelial cell–cell junctions by dephosphorylating VE-cadherin–associated β-catenin and promoting the mobility of VE-cadherin at the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Timmerman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang W, Wang LJ, Xiao F, Wei Y, Ke W, Xin HB. Intermedin: a novel regulator for vascular remodeling and tumor vessel normalization by regulating vascular endothelial-cadherin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2721-32. [PMID: 22922959 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intermedin (IMD), a member of calcitonin family, was suggested to play a role in angiogenesis and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IMD in the angiogenic process and the underlying mechanism, and the possibility for it to be used as a target for angiogenesis-based anticancer therapies. METHODS AND RESULTS Using in vivo and in vitro 3-dimensional angiogenic models, we found that IMD induced a well-ordered vasculature with hierarchical structure and had a synergistic effect with vascular endothelial growth factor. Using RNA interference, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis, we found that IMD alleviated the undesirable effects of vascular endothelial growth factor by restricting the excessive vessel sprouting and uneven lumen formation through the regulation of vascular endothelial-cadherin and identified its receptor on the endothelial cells. Both mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt activation were involved in the effects. Furthermore, using experimental tumor models, we demonstrated that IMD was involved in tumor angiogenesis, and the blockade of IMD severely impaired blood supply and eventually inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that IMD played a critical role in the vascular remodeling process and tumor angiogenesis and may serve as a novel target for the development of angiogenesis-based anticancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hatanaka K, Lanahan AA, Murakami M, Simons M. Fibroblast growth factor signaling potentiates VE-cadherin stability at adherens junctions by regulating SHP2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37600. [PMID: 22629427 PMCID: PMC3358251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system plays a critical role in the maintenance of vascular integrity via enhancing the stability of VE-cadherin at adherens junctions. However, the precise molecular mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the detailed mechanism of FGF regulation of VE-cadherin function that leads to endothelial junction stabilization. Methods and Findings In vitro studies demonstrated that the loss of FGF signaling disrupts the VE-cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions by increasing tyrosine phosphorylation levels of VE-cadherin. Among protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) known to be involved in the maintenance of the VE-cadherin complex, suppression of FGF signaling reduces SHP2 expression levels and SHP2/VE-cadherin interaction due to accelerated SHP2 protein degradation. Increased endothelial permeability caused by FGF signaling inhibition was rescued by SHP2 overexpression, indicating the critical role of SHP2 in the maintenance of endothelial junction integrity. Conclusions These results identify FGF-dependent maintenance of SHP2 as an important new mechanism controlling the extent of VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation, thereby regulating its presence in adherens junctions and endothelial permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Hatanaka
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Anthony A. Lanahan
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Simons
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in inflammation. Inflammatory cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), monocytes and macrophages express a large number of GPCRs for classic chemoattractants and chemokines. These receptors are critical to the migration of phagocytes and their accumulation at sites of inflammation, where these cells can exacerbate inflammation but also contribute to its resolution. Besides chemoattractant GPCRs, protease activated receptors (PARs) such as PAR1 are involved in the regulation of vascular endothelial permeability. Prostaglandin receptors play different roles in inflammatory cell activation, and can mediate both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Many GPCRs present in inflammatory cells also mediate transcription factor activation, resulting in the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory factors and, in some cases, molecules that suppress inflammation. An understanding of the signaling paradigms of GPCRs in inflammatory cells is likely to facilitate translational research and development of improved anti-inflammatory therapies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Sidibé A, Mannic T, Arboleas M, Subileau M, Gulino-Debrac D, Bouillet L, Jan M, Vandhuick T, Le Loët X, Vittecoq O, Vilgrain I. Soluble VE-cadherin in rheumatoid arthritis patients correlates with disease activity: evidence for tumor necrosis factor α-induced VE-cadherin cleavage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:77-87. [PMID: 21905018 DOI: 10.1002/art.33336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that principally attacks synovial joints. However, accelerated atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are major clinical consequences of endothelial dysfunction in RA patients. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is the major mediator of inflammation in RA, related to vascular injury by targeting VE-cadherin, an endothelium-specific adhesion molecule of vital importance for endothelium integrity and angiogenesis. We undertook this study to examine the mechanisms regulating VE-cadherin processing by TNFα and their occurrence in RA. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used in primary culture and treated with recombinant TNFα to study VE-cadherin cleavage. Cell lysates and conditioned media were analyzed by Western blotting for VE-cadherin cytoplasmic domain and extracellular domain (VE-90) generation, respectively. VE-90 was analyzed at baseline and at the 1-year followup in sera from 63 RA patients (from the Very Early Rheumatoid Arthritis cohort) with disease duration of <6 months. RESULTS TNFα induced a time-dependent shedding of VE-90 in cell media. This effect was prevented by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (genistein and PP2) or by knocking down Src kinase. In contrast, tyrosine phosphatase blockade enhanced VE-cadherin cleavage, confirming the requirement of tyrosine phosphorylation processes. In addition, using the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activator APMA and the MMP inhibitor GM6001, we demonstrated that MMPs are involved in TNFα-induced VE-cadherin cleavage. Of major importance, VE-90 was detected in sera from the 63 RA patients and was positively correlated with the Disease Activity Score at baseline and after 1-year followup. CONCLUSION These findings provide the first evidence of VE-cadherin proteolysis upon TNFα stimulation and suggest potential clinical relevance of soluble VE-cadherin in management of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adama Sidibé
- INSERM Unité 1036, Joseph Fourier University-Grenoble 1, and CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Starosta V, Wu T, Zimman A, Pham D, Tian X, Oskolkova O, Bochkov V, Berliner JA, Birukova AA, Birukov KG. Differential regulation of endothelial cell permeability by high and low doses of oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 46:331-41. [PMID: 21997484 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0153oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of phospholipid oxidation products in atherosclerosis, sepsis, and lung pathologies affects endothelial barrier function, which exerts significant consequences on disease outcomes in general. Our group previously showed that oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) at low concentrations increases endothelial cell (EC) barrier function, but decreases it at higher concentrations. In this study, we determined the mechanisms responsible for the pulmonary endothelial cell barrier dysfunction induced by high OxPAPC concentrations. OxPAPC at a range of 5-20 μg/ml enhanced EC barriers, as indicated by increased transendothelial electrical resistance. In contrast, higher OxPAPC concentrations (50-100 μg/ml) rapidly increased EC permeability, which was accompanied by increased total cell protein tyrosine (Tyr) phosphorylation, phosphorylation at Tyr-418, the activation of Src kinase, and the phosphorylation of adherens junction (AJ) protein vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) at Tyr-731 and Tyr-658, which was not observed in ECs stimulated with low OxPAPC doses. The early tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin was linked to the dissociation of VE-cadherin-p120-catenin/β-catenin complexes and VE-cadherin internalization, whereas low OxPAPC doses promoted the formation of VE-cadherin-p120-catenin/β-catenin complexes. High but not low doses of OxPAPC increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein oxidation. The inhibition of Src by PP2 and ROS production by N-acetyl cysteine inhibited the disassembly of VE-cadherin-p120-catenin complexes, and attenuated high OxPAPC-induced EC barrier disruption. These results show the differential effects of OxPAPC doses on VE-cadherin-p120-catenin complex assembly and EC barrier function. These data suggest that the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and other potential targets mediated by Src and ROS-dependent mechanisms plays a key role in the dissociation of AJ complexes and EC barrier dysfunction induced by high OxPAPC doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Starosta
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Office N611, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Niessen CM, Leckband D, Yap AS. Tissue organization by cadherin adhesion molecules: dynamic molecular and cellular mechanisms of morphogenetic regulation. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:691-731. [PMID: 21527735 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cadherin-based tissue morphogenesis. Tissue physiology is profoundly influenced by the distinctive organizations of cells in organs and tissues. In metazoa, adhesion receptors of the classical cadherin family play important roles in establishing and maintaining such tissue organization. Indeed, it is apparent that cadherins participate in a range of morphogenetic events that range from support of tissue integrity to dynamic cellular rearrangements. A comprehensive understanding of cadherin-based morphogenesis must then define the molecular and cellular mechanisms that support these distinct cadherin biologies. Here we focus on four key mechanistic elements: the molecular basis for adhesion through cadherin ectodomains, the regulation of cadherin expression at the cell surface, cooperation between cadherins and the actin cytoskeleton, and regulation by cell signaling. We discuss current progress and outline issues for further research in these fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sansone P, Aurilio C, Pace MC, Esposito R, Passavanti MB, Pota V, Pace L, Pezzullo MG, Bulletti C, Palagiano A. Intensive care treatment of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1221:109-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Lo CW, Chen MW, Hsiao M, Wang S, Chen CA, Hsiao SM, Chang JS, Lai TC, Rose-John S, Kuo ML, Wei LH. IL-6 Trans-Signaling in Formation and Progression of Malignant Ascites in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2010; 71:424-34. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Rampersad SN, Ovens JD, Huston E, Umana MB, Wilson LS, Netherton SJ, Lynch MJ, Baillie GS, Houslay MD, Maurice DH. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) Tethers EPAC1 in a vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cad)-based signaling complex and controls cAMP-mediated vascular permeability. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:33614-22. [PMID: 20732872 PMCID: PMC2962459 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.140004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (VEC) permeability is largely dependent on the integrity of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin or VE-Cad)-based intercellular adhesions. Activators of protein kinase A (PKA) or of exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) reduce VEC permeability largely by stabilizing VE-Cad-based intercellular adhesions. Currently, little is known concerning the nature and composition of the signaling complexes that allow PKA or EPAC to regulate VE-Cad-based structures and through these actions control permeability. Using pharmacological, biochemical, and cell biological approaches we identified and determined the composition and functionality of a signaling complex that coordinates cAMP-mediated control of VE-Cad-based adhesions and VEC permeability. Thus, we report that PKA, EPAC1, and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) enzymes integrate into VE-Cad-based signaling complexes in human arterial endothelial cells. Importantly, we show that protein-protein interactions between EPAC1 and PDE4D serve to foster their integration into VE-Cad-based complexes and allow robust local regulation of EPAC1-based stabilization of VE-Cad-based adhesions. Of potential translational importance, we mapped the EPAC1 peptide motif involved in binding PDE4D and show that a cell-permeable variant of this peptide antagonizes EPAC1-PDE4D binding and directly alters VEC permeability. Collectively, our data indicate that PDE4D regulates both the activity and subcellular localization of EPAC1 and identify a novel mechanism for regulated EPAC1 signaling in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elaine Huston
- the Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - M. Bibiana Umana
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada and
| | | | - Stuart J. Netherton
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada and
| | - Martin J. Lynch
- the Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - George S. Baillie
- the Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Miles D. Houslay
- the Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Donald H. Maurice
- From the Departments of Pathology & Molecular Medicine and
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada and
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ehrlich R, Harris A, Ciulla TA, Kheradiya N, Winston DM, Wirostko B. Diabetic macular oedema: physical, physiological and molecular factors contribute to this pathological process. Acta Ophthalmol 2010; 88:279-91. [PMID: 20222885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is an important cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanisms of DMO, on both macrocellular and microcellular levels, are discussed in this review. The pathophysiology of DMO can be described as a process whereby hyperglycaemia leads to overlapping and inter-related pathways that play a role not only in the initial vascular events, but also in the continued tissue insult that leads to chronic DMO. On a macrocellular level, DMO is believed to be in part caused by alterations in hydrostatic pressure, oxygen tension, oncotic pressure and shear stress. Three key components of the microvascular pathways include angiogenic factor expression, inflammation and oxidative stress. These molecular mediators, acting in conjunction with macrocellular factors, which are all stimulated in part by the hyperglycaemia and hypoxia, can have a direct endothelial effect leading to hyperpermeability, disruption of vascular endothelial cell junctions, and leukostasis. The interactions, signalling events and feedback loops between the various molecules are complicated and are not completely understood. However, by attempting to understand the pathways involved in DMO, we can help guide new treatment options targeted towards specific factors or mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ehrlich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Spitzer AL, Chuang KI, Victorino GP, Kasravi B, Curran B, Lee D, Harris HW. Chylomicrons combined with endotoxin moderate microvascular permeability. Innate Immun 2010; 17:283-92. [PMID: 20423922 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910369849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-bound endotoxin (CM-LPS) inhibits the host innate immune response to sepsis by attenuating the hepatocellular response to pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation. This 'cytokine tolerance' in hepatocytes is a transient, receptor-dependent process that correlates with internalization of CM-LPS via low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors. Since endothelial cells are integral to the immune response and similarly express LDL receptors, we hypothesized that CM-LPS could be internalized and ultimately attenuate the deleterious effects of pro-inflammatory molecules like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and platelet activating factor (PAF) on endothelial permeability. Here, we show that CM-LPS complexes induce cytokine tolerance in endothelial cells. In rats, TNF-α increased hydraulic conductivity 2.5-fold over baseline and PAF increased it 5-fold; but, pretreatment with CM-LPS or an attenuated analog (CM-LPS*) inhibited these changes. Nuclear/cytoplasmic levels of p65 were reduced after TNF-α-stimulation in endothelial cell monolayers pretreated with CM-LPS, a finding consistent with inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB translocation. Also consistent with inhibition was stabilized intercellular adhesion, as illustrated with antibody to VE-cadherin using confocal microscopy. These results provide additional support for the integral role of lipoproteins in the innate immune response to infection and lend further credence to developing lipid-based therapy for Gram-negative sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin L Spitzer
- University of California Surgical Research Laboratory at San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cain RJ, Vanhaesebroeck B, Ridley AJ. The PI3K p110alpha isoform regulates endothelial adherens junctions via Pyk2 and Rac1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 188:863-76. [PMID: 20308428 PMCID: PMC2845076 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200907135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Only the p110α isoform of PI3K mediates the association of VE-cadherin with Pyk2, a Rac GEF and the p85 PI3K regulatory subunit, to reduce junctional integrity in response to TNF. Endothelial cell–cell junctions control efflux of small molecules and leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) between blood and tissues. Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) increase endothelial barrier function, but the roles of different PI3K isoforms have not been addressed. In this study, we determine the contribution of each of the four class I PI3K isoforms (p110α, -β, -γ, and -δ) to endothelial permeability and leukocyte TEM. We find that depletion of p110α but not other p110 isoforms decreases TNF-induced endothelial permeability, Tyr phosphorylation of the adherens junction protein vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), and leukocyte TEM. p110α selectively mediates activation of the Tyr kinase Pyk2 and GTPase Rac1 to regulate barrier function. Additionally, p110α mediates the association of VE-cadherin with Pyk2, the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam-1 and the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K. We propose that p110α regulates endothelial barrier function by inducing the formation of a VE-cadherin–associated protein complex that coordinates changes to adherens junctions with the actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Cain
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dejana E, Orsenigo F, Lampugnani MG. The role of adherens junctions and VE-cadherin in the control of vascular permeability. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:2115-22. [PMID: 18565824 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.017897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 723] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells control the passage of plasma constituents and circulating cells from blood to the underlying tissues. This specialized function is lost or impaired in several pathological conditions - including inflammation, sepsis, ischemia and diabetes - which leads to severe, and sometimes fatal, organ dysfunction. Endothelial permeability is regulated in part by the dynamic opening and closure of cell-cell adherens junctions (AJs). In endothelial cells, AJs are largely composed of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), an endothelium-specific member of the cadherin family of adhesion proteins that binds, via its cytoplasmic domain, to several protein partners, including p120, beta-catenin and plakoglobin. Endogenous pathways that increase vascular permeability affect the function and organization of VE-cadherin and other proteins at AJs in diverse ways. For instance, several factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin, which accompanies an increase in vascular permeability and leukocyte diapedesis; in addition, the internalization and cleavage of VE-cadherin can cause AJs to be dismantled. From the knowledge of how AJ organization can be modulated, it is possible to formulate several pharmacological strategies to control the barrier function of the endothelium. We discuss the possible use of inhibitors of SRC and other kinases, of agents that increase cAMP levels, and of inhibitors of lytic enzymes as pharmacological tools for decreasing endothelial permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Dejana
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Semaphorin 3A suppresses VEGF-mediated angiogenesis yet acts as a vascular permeability factor. Blood 2008; 111:2674-80. [PMID: 18180379 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a known inhibitor of axonal sprouting, also alters vascular patterning. Here we show that Sema3A selectively interferes with VEGF- but not bFGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo. Consistent with this, Sema3A disrupted VEGF- but not bFGF-mediated endothelial cell signaling to FAK and Src, key mediators of integrin and growth factor signaling; however, signaling to ERK by either growth factor was unperturbed. Since VEGF is also a vascular permeability (VP) factor, we examined the role of Sema3A on VEGF-mediated VP in mice. Surprisingly, Sema3A not only stimulated VEGF-mediated VP but also potently induced VP in the absence of VEGF. Sema3A-mediated VP was inhibited either in adult mice expressing a conditional deletion of endothelial neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) or in wild-type mice systemically treated with a function-blocking Nrp-1 antibody. While both Sema3A- and VEGF-induced VP was Nrp-1 dependent, they use distinct downstream effectors since VEGF- but not Sema3A-induced VP required Src kinase signaling. These findings define a novel role for Sema3A both as a selective inhibitor of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and a potent inducer of VP.
Collapse
|
36
|
Si J, Behar J, Wands J, Beer DG, Lambeth D, Chin YE, Cao W. STAT5 mediates PAF-induced NADPH oxidase NOX5-S expression in Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 294:G174-83. [PMID: 17947454 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00291.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that NADPH oxidase NOX5-S is overexpressed in Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) cells and may contribute to the progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to EA presumably by increasing cell proliferation and decreasing apoptosis (Fu X, Beer DG, Behar J, Wands J, Lambeth D, Cao W. J Biol Chem 281: 20368-20382, 2006). The mechanism(s) of NOX5-S overexpression in EA, however, is not fully understood. In SEG1 EA cells we found that acid treatment significantly increased platelet-activating factor (PAF) production, which in turn markedly increased NOX5-S expression and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production. Knockdown of NOX5-S by NOX5-S small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked PAF-dependent H(2)O(2) production. PAF-dependent induction of NOX5-S expression and H(2)O(2) production were significantly decreased by the MAPK kinase 1 inhibitor PD-98059, by the cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) inhibitor AACOCF3, and by STAT5 downregulation with STAT5 siRNA. PAF significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAPK, cPLA(2), and STAT5. Using inhibitors, we demonstrated that PAF-induced STAT5 phosphorylation depends on activation of ERK1/2 MAPK and cPLA(2), whereas PAF-induced cPLA(2) phosphorylation was associated with activation of ERK1/2 MAPK. Given that STAT5 bound to the c-sis-inducible element (TTCTGGTAA) of the NOX5-S promoter, overexpression of STAT5 significantly increased NOX5-S promoter activity. We conclude that acid-induced NOX5-S expression and H(2)O(2) production is mediated in part by production of PAF in SEG1 EA cells, and that PAF-induced increase in NOX5-S expression depends on sequential activation of ERK MAP kinases, cPLA(2), and STAT5 in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Si
- Department of Medicine, Brown Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wallez Y, Huber P. Endothelial adherens and tight junctions in vascular homeostasis, inflammation and angiogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1778:794-809. [PMID: 17961505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining the vessel wall are connected by adherens, tight and gap junctions. These junctional complexes are related to those found at epithelial junctions but with notable changes in terms of specific molecules and organization. Endothelial junctional proteins play important roles in tissue integrity but also in vascular permeability, leukocyte extravasation and angiogenesis. In this review, we will focus on specific mechanisms of endothelial tight and adherens junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Wallez
- Vascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm U882 38054 Grenoble, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brkovic A, Sirois MG. Vascular permeability induced by VEGF family members in vivo: role of endogenous PAF and NO synthesis. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:727-37. [PMID: 17115409 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases vascular permeability through the synthesis of endothelial platelet-activating factor (PAF), while others reported the contribution of nitric oxide (NO). Herein, we addressed the contribution of VEGF receptors and the role played by PAF and NO in VEGF-induced plasma protein extravasation. Using a modified Miles assay, intradermal injection in mice ears of VEGF-A(165), VEGF-A(121), and VEGF-C (1 microM) which activate VEGFR-2 (Flk-1) receptor increased vascular permeability, whereas a treatment with VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) analogs; PlGF and VEGF-B (1 microM) had no such effect. Pretreatment of mice with PAF receptor antagonist (LAU8080) or endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor (L-NAME) abrogated protein extravasation mediated by VEGF-A(165). As opposed to PAF (0.01-1 microM), treatment with acetylcholine (ACh; up to 100 microM; inducer of NO synthesis) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP; up to 1 microM; NO donor) did not induce protein leakage. Simultaneous pretreatment of mice with eNOS and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors restored VEGF-A(165) vascular hyperpermeability suggesting that endogenous NO synthesis leads to PKA inhibition, which support maintenance of vascular integrity. Our data demonstrate that VEGF analogs increase vascular permeability through VEGFR-2 activation, and that both endogenous PAF and NO synthesis contribute to VEGF-A(165)-mediated vascular permeability. However, PAF but not NO directly increases vascular permeability per se, thereby, suggesting that PAF is a direct inflammatory mediator, whereas NO serves as a cofactor in VEGF-A(165) proinflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Brkovic
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ojala PJ, Hermansson M, Tolvanen M, Polvinen K, Hirvonen T, Impola U, Jauhiainen M, Somerharju P, Parkkinen J. Identification of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein as a lysophospholipid binding protein: a complementary role to albumin in the scavenging of lysophosphatidylcholine. Biochemistry 2006; 45:14021-31. [PMID: 17115697 DOI: 10.1021/bi061657l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP, orosomucoid), a major acute phase protein in plasma, displays potent cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities whose molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Because AGP binds various exogenous drugs, we have searched for endogenous ligands for AGP. We found that AGP binds lysophospholipids in a manner discernible from albumin in several ways. First, mass spectrometric analyses showed that AGP isolated from plasma and serum contained lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) enriched in mono and polysaturated acyl chains, whereas albumin contained mostly saturated LPC. Second, AGP bound LPC in a 1:1 molar ratio and with a higher affinity than free fatty acids, whereas albumin bound LPC in a 3:1 ratio but with a lower affinity than that of free fatty acids. Consequently, free fatty acids displaced LPC more avidly from albumin than from AGP. Competitive ligand displacement indicated the highest affinity for AGP to LPC20:4, 18:3, 18:1, and 16:0 (150-180 nM), lysophosphatidylserine (Kd 190 nM), and platelet activating factor (PAF) (Kd 235 nM). The high affinity of AGP to LPC in equilibrium was verified by stopped-flow kinetics, which implicated slow dissociation after fast initial binding, being consistent with an induced-fit mechanism. AGP also bound pyrene-labeled phospholipids directly from vesicles and more efficiently than albumin. AGP prevented LPC-induced priming and PAF-induced activation of human granulocytes, thus indicating scavenging of the cellular effects of the lipid ligands. The results suggest that AGP complements albumin as a lysophospholipid scavenging protein, particularly in inflammatory conditions when the capacity of albumin to sequester LPC becomes impaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauli J Ojala
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Kivihaantie 7, FI-00310 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wallez Y, Cand F, Cruzalegui F, Wernstedt C, Souchelnytskyi S, Vilgrain I, Huber P. Src kinase phosphorylates vascular endothelial-cadherin in response to vascular endothelial growth factor: identification of tyrosine 685 as the unique target site. Oncogene 2006; 26:1067-77. [PMID: 16909109 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Src-family tyrosine kinases are regulatory proteins that play a pivotal role in the disorganization of cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts. We previously showed that Src was associated with vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and that tyrosine phosphorylation level of VE-cadherin was dramatically increased in angiogenic tissues as compared to quiescent tissues. Here, we examined whether VE-cadherin was a direct substrate for Src in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced VE-cadherin phosphorylation, and we identified the target tyrosine sites. Co-transfections of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) cells with VE-cadherin and constitutively active Src (Y530F) resulted in a robust tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin that was not detected with kinase-dead Src (K298M). In an in vitro Src assay, the VE-cadherin cytoplasmic domain is directly phosphorylated by purified Src as well as the tyrosine residue 685 (Tyr)685-containing peptide RPSLY(685)AQVQ. VE-cadherin peptide mapping from human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated by VEGF and VE-cadherin-CHO cells transfected with active Src revealed that Y685 was the unique phosphorylated site. The presence of PhosphoY685 was confirmed by its ability to bind to C-terminal Src kinase-SH2 domain in a pull-down assay. Finally, we found that in a VEGF-induced wound-healing assay, cadherin adhesive activity was impaired by Src kinase inhibitors. These data identify that VEGF-induced-VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation is mediated by Src on Y685, a process that appears to be critical for VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wallez
- Laboratoire Développement et Vieillissement de l'Endothélium, Département Recherche et Dynamique Cellulaires, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, Inserm, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fukuhra S, Sakurai A, Yamagishi A, Sako K, Mochizuki N. Vascular endothelial cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion regulated by a small GTPase, Rap1. BMB Rep 2006; 39:132-9. [PMID: 16584626 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2006.39.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), which belongs to the classical cadherin family, is localized at adherens junctions exclusively in vascular endothelial cells. Biochemical and biomechanical cues regulate the VE-cadherin adhesive potential by triggering the intracellular signals. VE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is required for cell survival and endothelial cell deadhesion is required for vascular development. It is therefore crucial to understand how VE-cadherin-based cell adhesion is controlled. This review summarizes the inter-endothelial cell adhesions and introduces our recent advance in Rap1-regulated VE-cadherin adhesion. A further analysis of the VE-cadherin recycling system will aid the understanding of cell adhesion/deadhesion mechanisms mediated by VE-cadherin in response to extracellular stimuli during development and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigetomo Fukuhra
- Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wallez Y, Vilgrain I, Huber P. Angiogenesis: The VE-Cadherin Switch. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2006; 16:55-9. [PMID: 16473763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Because angiogenesis is a key step in a number of pathologic processes, including tumor growth and atherosclerosis, many research studies have investigated the regulatory signals active at various stages of vascular invasion. The differential activities of the endothelial junction protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin reflect the versatile behavior of endothelial cells between vascular quiescence and angiogenesis. VE-cadherin function and signaling are deeply modified in proliferating cells, and this conversion is accompanied by phosphorylation of the protein on tyrosine residues and enhanced transcription of its gene. Recent advances in the complex interplay between protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases regulating VE-cadherin phosphorylation and function are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Wallez
- Laboratoire de Développement et Vieillissement de l'Endothélium, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sakurai A, Fukuhara S, Yamagishi A, Sako K, Kamioka Y, Masuda M, Nakaoka Y, Mochizuki N. MAGI-1 is required for Rap1 activation upon cell-cell contact and for enhancement of vascular endothelial cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 17:966-76. [PMID: 16339077 PMCID: PMC1356604 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-07-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rap1 is a small GTPase that regulates adherens junction maturation. It remains elusive how Rap1 is activated upon cell-cell contact. We demonstrate for the first time that Rap1 is activated upon homophilic engagement of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) at the cell-cell contacts in living cells and that MAGI-1 is required for VE-cadherin-dependent Rap1 activation. We found that MAGI-1 localized to cell-cell contacts presumably by associating with beta-catenin and that MAGI-1 bound to a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rap1, PDZ-GEF1. Depletion of MAGI-1 suppressed the cell-cell contact-induced Rap1 activation and the VE-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion after Ca2+ switch. In addition, relocation of vinculin from cell-extracellular matrix contacts to cell-cell contacts after the Ca2+ switch was inhibited in MAGI-1-depleted cells. Furthermore, inactivation of Rap1 by overexpression of Rap1GAPII impaired the VE-cadherin-dependent cell adhesion. Collectively, MAGI-1 is important for VE-cadherin-dependent Rap1 activation upon cell-cell contact. In addition, once activated, Rap1 upon cell-cell contacts positively regulate the adherens junction formation by relocating vinculin that supports VE-cadherin-based cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Sakurai
- Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|