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Wang J, Behl T, Rana T, Sehgal A, Wal P, Saxena B, Yadav S, Mohan S, Anwer MK, Chigurupati S, Zaheer I, Shen B, Singla RK. Exploring the pathophysiological influence of heme oxygenase-1 on neuroinflammation and depression: A study of phytotherapeutic-based modulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 127:155466. [PMID: 38461764 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heme oxygenase (HO) system plays a significant role in neuroprotection and reduction of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The system, via isoforms HO-1 and HO-2, regulates cellular redox balance. HO-1, an antioxidant defense enzyme, is highlighted due to its association with depression, characterized by heightened neuroinflammation and impaired oxidative stress responses. METHODOLOGY We observed the pathophysiology of HO-1 and phytochemicals as its modulator. We explored Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed for a comprehensive literature review. Bibliometric and temporal trend analysis were done using VOSviewer. RESULTS Several phytochemicals can potentially alleviate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress-induced depressive symptoms. These effects result from inhibiting the MAPK and NK-κB pathways - both implicated in the overproduction of pro-inflammatory factors - and from the upregulation of HO-1 expression mediated by Nrf2. Bibliometric and temporal trend analysis further validates these associations. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings suggest that antidepressant agents can mitigate neuroinflammation and depressive disorder pathogenesis via the upregulation of HO-1 expression. These agents suppress pro-inflammatory mediators and depressive-like symptoms, demonstrating that HO-1 plays a significant role in the neuroinflammatory process and the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Tarapati Rana
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura-140401, Punjab, India; Government Pharmacy College, Seraj-175123, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar-141104, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Pharmacy, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagawati Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj-11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah-51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, India
| | - Imran Zaheer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi, 11961, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India.
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Dunaway LS, Loeb SA, Petrillo S, Tolosano E, Isakson BE. Heme metabolism in nonerythroid cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107132. [PMID: 38432636 PMCID: PMC10988061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-containing prosthetic group necessary for the function of several proteins termed "hemoproteins." Erythrocytes contain most of the body's heme in the form of hemoglobin and contain high concentrations of free heme. In nonerythroid cells, where cytosolic heme concentrations are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower, heme plays an essential and often overlooked role in a variety of cellular processes. Indeed, hemoproteins are found in almost every subcellular compartment and are integral in cellular operations such as oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Growing evidence reveals the participation of heme in dynamic processes such as circadian rhythms, NO signaling, and the modulation of enzyme activity. This dynamic view of heme biology uncovers exciting possibilities as to how hemoproteins may participate in a range of physiologic systems. Here, we discuss how heme is regulated at the level of its synthesis, availability, redox state, transport, and degradation and highlight the implications for cellular function and whole organism physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Skylar A Loeb
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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Yasuda M, Lee S, Gan L, Bergonia HA, Desnick RJ, Phillips JD. Cimetidine Does Not Inhibit 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthase or Heme Oxygenase Activity: Implications for Treatment of Acute Intermittent Porphyria and Erythropoietic Protoporphyria. Biomolecules 2023; 14:27. [PMID: 38254627 PMCID: PMC10813085 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is characterized by acute neurovisceral attacks that are precipitated by the induction of hepatic 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1). In erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), sun exposure leads to skin photosensitivity due to the overproduction of photoreactive porphyrins in bone marrow erythroid cells, where heme synthesis is primarily driven by the ALAS2 isozyme. Cimetidine has been suggested to be effective for the treatment of both AIP and EPP based on limited case reports. It has been proposed that cimetidine acts by inhibiting ALAS activity in liver and bone marrow for AIP and EPP, respectively, while it may also inhibit the hepatic activity of the heme catabolism enzyme, heme oxygenase (HO). Here, we show that cimetidine did not significantly modulate the activity or expression of endogenous ALAS or HO in wildtype mouse livers or bone marrow. Further, cimetidine did not effectively decrease hepatic ALAS activity or expression or plasma concentrations of the putative neurotoxic porphyrin precursors 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG), which were all markedly elevated during an induced acute attack in an AIP mouse model. These results show that cimetidine is not an efficacious treatment for acute attacks and suggest that its potential clinical benefit for EPP is not via ALAS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yasuda
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave Box 1498, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.L.); (L.G.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Sangmi Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave Box 1498, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.L.); (L.G.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave Box 1498, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.L.); (L.G.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Hector A. Bergonia
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (H.A.B.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Robert J. Desnick
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave Box 1498, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.L.); (L.G.); (R.J.D.)
| | - John D. Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (H.A.B.); (J.D.P.)
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Wendt F, Wittig F, Rupprecht A, Ramer R, Langer P, Emmert S, Frank M, Hinz B. A Thia-Analogous Indirubin N-Glycoside Disrupts Mitochondrial Function and Causes the Death of Human Melanoma and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2409. [PMID: 37830623 PMCID: PMC10572502 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common malignant disease worldwide and, therefore, also poses a challenge from a pharmacotherapeutic perspective. Derivatives of indirubin are an interesting option in this context. In the present study, the effects of 3-[3'-oxo-benzo[b]thiophen-2'-(Z)-ylidene]-1-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-oxindole (KD87), a thia-analogous indirubin N-glycoside, on the viability and mitochondrial properties of melanoma (A375) and squamous cell carcinoma cells (A431) of the skin were investigated. In both cell lines, KD87 caused decreased viability, the activation of caspases-3 and -7, and the inhibition of colony formation. At the mitochondrial level, a concentration-dependent decrease in both the basal and ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate and in the reserve capacity of oxidative respiration were registered in the presence of KD87. These changes were accompanied by morphological alterations in the mitochondria, a release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol and significant reductions in succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B (SDHB, subunit of complex II) in A375 and A431 cells and NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8 (NDUFB8, subunit of complex I) in A375 cells. The effect of KD87 was accompanied by a significant upregulation of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1, whose inhibition led to a partial but significant reduction in the metabolic-activity-reducing effect of KD87. In summary, our data show a mitochondria-targeting effect of KD87 as part of the cytotoxic effect of this compound on skin cancer cells, which should be considered in future studies with this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wendt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (F.W.); (A.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Felix Wittig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (F.W.); (A.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Anne Rupprecht
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (F.W.); (A.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Robert Ramer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (F.W.); (A.R.); (R.R.)
| | - Peter Langer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Marcus Frank
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (F.W.); (A.R.); (R.R.)
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Voltarelli VA, Alves de Souza RW, Miyauchi K, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE. Heme: The Lord of the Iron Ring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051074. [PMID: 37237940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-protoporphyrin complex with an essential physiologic function for all cells, especially for those in which heme is a key prosthetic group of proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes of the mitochondria. However, it is also known that heme can participate in pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory responses, leading to cytotoxicity in various tissues and organs such as the kidney, brain, heart, liver, and in immune cells. Indeed, heme, released as a result of tissue damage, can stimulate local and remote inflammatory reactions. These can initiate innate immune responses that, if left uncontrolled, can compound primary injuries and promote organ failure. In contrast, a cadre of heme receptors are arrayed on the plasma membrane that is designed either for heme import into the cell, or for the purpose of activating specific signaling pathways. Thus, free heme can serve either as a deleterious molecule, or one that can traffic and initiate highly specific cellular responses that are teleologically important for survival. Herein, we review heme metabolism and signaling pathways, including heme synthesis, degradation, and scavenging. We will focus on trauma and inflammatory diseases, including traumatic brain injury, trauma-related sepsis, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases where current work suggests that heme may be most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rodrigo W Alves de Souza
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenji Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leo Edmond Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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6
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Liu R, Zhang X, Nie L, Sun S, Liu J, Chen H. Heme oxygenase 1 in erythropoiesis: an important regulator beyond catalyzing heme catabolism. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:1323-1332. [PMID: 37046065 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), encoded by the HMOX-1 gene, is the main heme oxygenase that catalyzes the degradation of heme into iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin. HMOX-1 gene expression is stimulated by oxidative stress and regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. After translation, subcellular location and protein stability of HO-1 are also altered by different extracellular and intracellular stimuli. HO-1 plays a key role in regulating iron homeostasis and cell protection and has become a new target for disease treatment. Erythropoiesis is a tightly controlled, iron-dependent process that begins with hematopoietic stem cells and maturates to red blood cells. HO-1 is expressed in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, hematopoietic niche cells, erythroblasts, and especially erythroblastic island and phagocytic macrophages. HO-1 functions importantly in the entire erythroid development process by influencing hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, erythroid lineage engagement, terminal erythroid differentiation, and even senescent RBC erythrophagocytosis. HO-1 is also related to stress erythropoiesis and certain red blood cell diseases. Elucidation of HO-1 regulation and function in erythropoiesis will be of great significance for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhi Zhang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, People's Republic of China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Nie
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuming Sun
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyong Chen
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410078, People's Republic of China.
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Hinds TD, Stec DE, Tiribelli C. Powering the powerhouse: Heme oxygenase-1 regulates mitochondrial function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13931. [PMID: 36622267 PMCID: PMC10877585 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Li D, Yuan X, Dong S, Al-Dhamin Z, Du J, Fu N, Nan Y. Heme oxygenase-1 prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through modulating mitochondrial quality control. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13918. [PMID: 36602456 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and lacks effective treatment options. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a critical defense against oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver injury. This study aims to investigate the protective role and underlying mechanisms of HO-1 in NASH pathogenesis. METHODS The hepatocyte-specific HO-1 knockout (HO-1HEPKO ) mice on a C57BL/6J background (HO-1fl/fl /Alb-Cre) were generated and fed a high-fat/western-style diet (HFD) or methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCD). Changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. A mitochondrial PCR array was used to identify the crucial genes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. RESULTS Hepatocyte-specific HO-1HEPKO mice developed steatohepatitis with severe steatosis, ballooning, and necroinflammation. Dysregulated hepatic expression of mitochondria-related proteins, including DRP1, Tomm20, MFN1 and MFN2 were detected in NASH animals. Ultrastructural mitochondrial damage was observed in HO-1HEPKO mice. Mitochondrial dysfunction was recapitulated in HO-1-knockdown cells in vitro, as evidenced by decreased membrane potential, reduced ATP content, and mtDNA damage. Conversely, HO-1 overexpression restored these changes in vitro. Mechanistically, HO-1 deficiency reduced the inhibitory effect on Tomm20, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, and thereby causing steatohepatitis. CONCLUSIONS HO-1 attenuates diet-induced steatohepatitis by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating that HO-1 may constitute a potential therapeutic target for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiwei Yuan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shiming Dong
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zaid Al-Dhamin
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinghua Du
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Fu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, Shijiazhuang, China
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Chen KQ, Ke BY, Cheng L, Guan MT, Wang ZB, Wang SZ. Research and Progress of Probucol in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:1905-1911. [PMID: 36967462 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230324092842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the social economy over the last 30 years, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is affected by unhealthy living habits and eating styles and has gradually become an increasingly serious public health problem. It is very important to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD for the development of human health. Probucol is an antioxidant with a bis-phenol structure. Although probucol is a clinically used cholesterol-lowering and antiatherosclerosis drug, its mechanism has not been elucidated in detail. This paper reviews the chemical structure, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological research of probucol. Meanwhile, this paper reviews the mechanism of probucol in NAFLD. We also analyzed and summarized the experimental models and clinical trials of probucol in NAFLD. Although current therapeutic strategies for NAFLD are not effective, we hope that through further research on probucol, we will be able to find suitable treatments to solve this problem in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qian Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Bo-Yi Ke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Meng-Ting Guan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zong-Bao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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Scaffa A, Tollefson GA, Yao H, Rizal S, Wallace J, Oulhen N, Carr JF, Hegarty K, Uzun A, Dennery PA. Identification of Heme Oxygenase-1 as a Putative DNA-Binding Protein. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2135. [PMID: 36358506 PMCID: PMC9686683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in degrading heme into biliverdin and iron. HO-1 can also enter the nucleus and regulate gene transcription independent of its enzymatic activity. Whether HO-1 can alter gene expression through direct binding to target DNA remains unclear. Here, we performed HO-1 CHIP-seq and then employed 3D structural modeling to reveal putative HO-1 DNA binding domains. We identified three probable DNA binding domains on HO-1. Using the Proteinarium, we identified several genes as the most highly connected nodes in the interactome among the HO-1 gene binding targets. We further demonstrated that HO-1 modulates the expression of these key genes using Hmox1 deficient cells. Finally, mutation of four conserved amino acids (E215, I211, E201, and Q27) within HO-1 DNA binding domain 1 significantly increased expression of Gtpbp3 and Eif1 genes that were identified within the top 10 binding hits normalized by gene length predicted to bind this domain. Based on these data, we conclude that HO-1 protein is a putative DNA binding protein, and regulates targeted gene expression. This provides the foundation for developing specific inhibitors or activators targeting HO-1 DNA binding domains to modulate targeted gene expression and corresponding cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Scaffa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - George A. Tollefson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Salu Rizal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Joselynn Wallace
- Center for Computational Biology of Human Disease, and Center for Computation and Visualization, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jennifer F. Carr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Katy Hegarty
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Alper Uzun
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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11
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Mohan UP, Tirupathi Pichiah PB, Kunjiappan S, Arunachalam S. A Hypothesis Concerning the role of PPAR family on Cardiac Energetics in Adriamycin-Induced Cardiomyopathy. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1910-1920. [PMID: 35944906 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Adriamycin is an effective anti-neoplastic drug against a variety of cancer types. However, the drug causes adverse side-effects in a number of organ systems. Cardiomyopathy is one of the life-threatening side-effects of Adriamycin. In the current work, we have derived the possible involvement of PPAR family members in the development of Adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Dysregulation of PPAR family by Adriamycin causes impairment in the transport and β-oxidation of fatty acids, the key substrate for ATP synthesis in heart. Evidences suggest that dysregulation of PPAR family results in alters the recruitment of glucose transporters. Furthermore, Hemeoxygenase-1 is a crucial enzyme regulating the iron homeostasis in the heart whose expression is regulated by PPAR family. Inverse relationship exists between the expression levels of PPARγ and hemeoxygenase-1. Adriamycin upregulates the expression of hemeoxygenase-1 which in turn disrupts the iron homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Our molecular docking results show that Adriamycin has high affinity for iron binding sites of hemeoxygenase-1, thereby hindering formation of iron-sulfur complex. Lack of iron-sulfur complex impairs the electron transport chain. In addition, succinate dehydrogenase subunit A is downregulated by Adriamycin. The lack of this subunit uncouples Krebs cycle from ETC. Further lack of this subunit causes increases the concentration of succinate which further alters the mitochondrial membrane potential. Overall, in the present work we hypothesize that alteration in the expression of PPAR family members is one of the major causes of metabolic chaos and oxidative stress caused by Adriamycin during the development of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Priya Mohan
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Adverse Drug Reactions, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Adverse Drug Reactions, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
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12
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Di Tano M, Longo VD. Fasting and cancer: from yeast to mammals. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 373:81-106. [PMID: 36283768 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fasting and fasting mimicking diets extend lifespan and healthspan in mouse models and decrease risk factors for cancer and other age-related pathologies in humans. Normal cells respond to fasting and the consequent decrease in nutrients by down-regulating proto-oncogene pathways to enter a stress-resistant mode, which protects them from different cancer therapies. In contrast, oncogene mutations and the constitutive activation of pathways including RAS, AKT, and PKA allow cancer cells to disobey fasting-dependent anti-growth signal. Importantly, in different tumor types, fasting potentiates the toxicity of various therapies by increasing reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, which ultimately leads to DNA damage and cell death. This effect is not limited to chemotherapy, since periodic fasting/FMD cycles potentiate the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and pharmacological doses of vitamin C. In addition, the anticancer effects of fasting/FMD can also be tumor-independent and involve an immunotherapy-like activation of T cell-dependent attack of tumor cells. Supported by a range of pre-clinical studies, clinical trials are beginning to confirm the safety and efficacy of fasting/FMD cycles in improving the potential of different cancer therapies, while decreasing side effects to healthy cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Di Tano
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter D Longo
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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13
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Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation of Liver Mitochondria in Sepsis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101598. [PMID: 35626633 PMCID: PMC9139457 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between liver dysfunction and decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in sepsis has been clearly established in experimental models. Energy transduction is plastic: the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling collapses in the early stage of sepsis but is expected to increase during the recovery phases of sepsis. Among the mechanisms regulating the coupling efficiency of hepatic mitochondria, the slipping reactions at the cytochrome oxidase and ATP synthase seem to be a determining element, whereas other regulatory mechanisms such as those involving proton leakage across the mitochondrial membrane have not yet been formally proven in the context of sepsis. If the dysfunction of hepatic mitochondria is related to impaired cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase functions, we need to consider therapeutic avenues to restore their activities for recovery from sepsis. In this review, we discussed previous findings regarding the regulatory mechanism involved in changes in the oxidative phosphorylation of liver mitochondria in sepsis, and propose therapeutic avenues to improve the functions of cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase in sepsis.
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14
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Wu YH, Hsieh HL. Roles of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Neuroinflammation and Brain Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050923. [PMID: 35624787 PMCID: PMC9137505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase (HO) system is believed to be a crucial mechanism for the nervous system under stress conditions. HO degrades heme to carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. These heme degradation products are involved in modulating cellular redox homeostasis. The first identified isoform of the HO system, HO-1, is an inducible protein that is highly expressed in peripheral organs and barely detectable in the brain under normal conditions, whereas HO-2 is a constitutive protein that is highly expressed in the brain. Several lines of evidence indicate that HO-1 dysregulation is associated with brain inflammation and neurodegeneration, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. In this review, we summarize the essential roles that the HO system plays in ensuring brain health and the molecular mechanism through which HO-1 dysfunction leads to neurodegenerative diseases and disruption of nervous system homeostasis. We also provide a summary of the herbal medicines involved in the regulation of HO-1 expression and explore the current situation regarding herbal remedies and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8999 (ext. 5421)
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15
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Jagadeesh ASV, Fang X, Kim SH, Guillen-Quispe YN, Zheng J, Surh YJ, Kim SJ. Non-canonical vs. Canonical Functions of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cancer. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:7-15. [PMID: 35419301 PMCID: PMC8984652 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a critical stress-responsive enzyme that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. HO-1 catalyzes heme degradation, which gives rise to the formation of carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and iron. The upregulation of HO-1 under pathological conditions associated with cellular stress represents an important cytoprotective defense mechanism by virtue of the anti-oxidant properties of the bilirubin and the anti-inflammatory effect of the CO produced. The same mechanism is hijacked by premalignant and cancerous cells. In recent years, however, there has been accumulating evidence supporting that the upregulation of HO-1 promotes cancer progression, independently of its catalytic activity. Such non-canonical functions of HO-1 are associated with its interaction with other proteins, particularly transcription factors. HO-1 also undergoes post-translational modifications that influence its stability, functional activity, cellular translocation, etc. HO-1 is normally present in the endoplasmic reticulum, but distinct subcellular localizations, especially in the nucleus, are observed in multiple cancers. The nuclear HO-1 modulates the activation of various transcription factors, which does not appear to be mediated by carbon monoxide and iron. This commentary summarizes the non-canonical functions of HO-1 in the context of cancer growth and progression and underlying regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xizhu Fang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yanymee N. Guillen-Quispe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jie Zheng
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Jagadeesh ASV, Fang X, Kim SH, Guillen-Quispe YN, Zheng J, Surh YJ, Kim SJ. Non-canonical vs. Canonical Functions of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cancer. J Cancer Prev 2022. [PMID: 35419301 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a critical stress-responsive enzyme that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. HO-1 catalyzes heme degradation, which gives rise to the formation of carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and iron. The upregulation of HO-1 under pathological conditions associated with cellular stress represents an important cytoprotective defense mechanism by virtue of the anti-oxidant properties of the bilirubin and the anti-inflammatory effect of the CO produced. The same mechanism is hijacked by premalignant and cancerous cells. In recent years, however, there has been accumulating evidence supporting that the upregulation of HO-1 promotes cancer progression, independently of its catalytic activity. Such non-canonical functions of HO-1 are associated with its interaction with other proteins, particularly transcription factors. HO-1 also undergoes post-translational modifications that influence its stability, functional activity, cellular translocation, etc. HO-1 is normally present in the endoplasmic reticulum, but distinct subcellular localizations, especially in the nucleus, are observed in multiple cancers. The nuclear HO-1 modulates the activation of various transcription factors, which does not appear to be mediated by carbon monoxide and iron. This commentary summarizes the non-canonical functions of HO-1 in the context of cancer growth and progression and underlying regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xizhu Fang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yanymee N Guillen-Quispe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jie Zheng
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Heme Oxygenase-1: An Anti-Inflammatory Effector in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Related Metabolic Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030555. [PMID: 35326205 PMCID: PMC8944973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme system catabolizes heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), which is reduced to bilirubin-IXα (BR) by biliverdin reductase (BVR). HO activity is represented by two distinct isozymes, the inducible form, HO-1, and a constitutive form, HO-2, encoded by distinct genes (HMOX1, HMOX2, respectively). HO-1 responds to transcriptional activation in response to a wide variety of chemical and physical stimuli, including its natural substrate heme, oxidants, and phytochemical antioxidants. The expression of HO-1 is regulated by NF-E2-related factor-2 and counter-regulated by Bach-1, in a heme-sensitive manner. Additionally, HMOX1 promoter polymorphisms have been associated with human disease. The induction of HO-1 can confer protection in inflammatory conditions through removal of heme, a pro-oxidant and potential catalyst of lipid peroxidation, whereas iron released from HO activity may trigger ferritin synthesis or ferroptosis. The production of heme-derived reaction products (i.e., BV, BR) may contribute to HO-dependent cytoprotection via antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, BVR and BR have newly recognized roles in lipid regulation. CO may alter mitochondrial function leading to modulation of downstream signaling pathways that culminate in anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory effects. This review will present evidence for beneficial effects of HO-1 and its reaction products in human diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic conditions, including diabetes and obesity, as well as acute and chronic diseases of the liver, kidney, or lung. Strategies targeting the HO-1 pathway, including genetic or chemical modulation of HO-1 expression, or application of BR, CO gas, or CO donor compounds show therapeutic potential in inflammatory conditions, including organ ischemia/reperfusion injury. Evidence from human studies indicate that HO-1 expression may represent a biomarker of oxidative stress in various clinical conditions, while increases in serum BR levels have been correlated inversely to risk of CVD and metabolic disease. Ongoing human clinical trials investigate the potential of CO as a therapeutic in human disease.
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18
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FoxO transcription factors in mitochondrial homeostasis. Biochem J 2022; 479:525-536. [PMID: 35195252 PMCID: PMC8883485 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in cellular energetics, biosynthesis, and signaling transduction. Dysfunctional mitochondria have been implicated in different diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Mitochondrial homeostasis is controlled by a triad of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics (fusion and fission), and autophagy (mitophagy). Studies have underscored FoxO transcription factors as key mitochondrial regulators. Specifically, FoxOs regulate mitochondrial biogenesis by dampening NRF1-Tfam and c-Myc-Tfam cascades directly, and inhibiting NAD-Sirt1-Pgc1α cascade indirectly by inducing Hmox1 or repressing Fxn and Urod. In addition, FoxOs mediate mitochondrial fusion (via Mfn1 and Mfn2) and fission (via Drp1, Fis1, and MIEF2), during which FoxOs elicit regulatory mechanisms at transcriptional, posttranscriptional (e.g. via miR-484/Fis1), and posttranslational (e.g. via Bnip3-calcineurin mediated Drp1 dephosphorylation) levels. Furthermore, FoxOs control mitochondrial autophagy in the stages of autophagosome formation and maturation (e.g. initiation, nucleation, and elongation), mitochondria connected to and engulfed by autophagosome (e.g. via PINK1 and Bnip3 pathways), and autophagosome-lysosome fusion to form autolysosome for cargo degradation (e.g. via Tfeb and cathepsin proteins). This article provides an up-to-date view of FoxOs regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and discusses the potential of targeting FoxOs for therapeutics.
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19
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Ryter SW. Targeting AMPK and the Nrf2/HO-1 axis: a promising therapeutic strategy in acute lung injury. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:58/6/2102238. [PMID: 34949686 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02238-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Wu J, Li S, Li C, Cui L, Ma J, Hui Y. The non-canonical effects of heme oxygenase-1, a classical fighter against oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102170. [PMID: 34688156 PMCID: PMC8577501 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of heme oxygenase-1 in resisting oxidative stress and cell protection has always been a hot research topic. With the continuous deepening of research, in addition to directly regulating redox by catalyzing the degradation of heme, HO-1 protein also participates in the gene expression level in a great diversity of methods, thereby initiating cell defense. Particularly the non-canonical nuclear-localized HO-1 and HO-1 protein interactions play the role of a warrior against oxidative stress. Besides, HO-1 may be a promising marker for disease prediction and detection in many clinical trials. Especially for malignant diseases, there may be new advances in the treatment of HO-1 by regulating abnormal ROS and metabolic signaling. The purpose of this review is to systematically sort out and describe several aspects of research to facilitate further detailed mechanism research and clinical application promotion in the future. The different subcellular localizations ofHO-1 implies that it has special functions. Nuclear HO-1 plays an indispensable role in gene regulation and other aspects. The interactions between HO-1 and others provide the possibility to participate in vital physiological processes. HO-1 may become a potential disease assessment marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yang Hui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China; Basic Medical Institute of Heilongjiang Medical Science Academy, PR China; Translational Medicine Center of Northern China, PR China.
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21
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The Role of HO-1 and Its Crosstalk with Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cell Survival. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092401. [PMID: 34572050 PMCID: PMC8471703 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) act on heme degradation to produce carbon monoxide (CO), free iron, ferritin, and biliverdin. Upregulation of cellular HO-1 levels is signature of oxidative stress for its downstream effects particularly under pro-oxidative status. Subcellular traffics of HO-1 to different organelles constitute a network of interactions compromising a variety of effectors such as pro-oxidants, ROS, mitochondrial enzymes, and nucleic transcription factors. Some of the compartmentalized HO-1 have been demonstrated as functioning in the progression of cancer. Emerging data show the multiple roles of HO-1 in tumorigenesis from pathogenesis to the progression to malignancy, metastasis, and even resistance to therapy. However, the role of HO-1 in tumorigenesis has not been systematically addressed. This review describes the crosstalk between HO-1 and oxidative stress, and following redox regulation in the tumorigenesis. HO-1-regulated signaling pathways are also summarized. This review aims to integrate basic information and current progress of HO-1 in cancer research in order to enhance the understandings and facilitate following studies.
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22
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Luo W, Li J, Li Z, Lin T, Zhang L, Yang W, Mai Y, Liu R, Chen M, Dai C, Yang H, Lu J, Li H, Guan G, Huang M, Liu P, Li Z. HO-1 nuclear accumulation and interaction with NPM1 protect against stress-induced endothelial senescence independent of its enzymatic activity. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:738. [PMID: 34312365 PMCID: PMC8313700 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has attracted accumulating attention for its antioxidant enzymatic activity. However, the exact regulatory role of its non-enzymatic activity in the cardiovascular system remains unaddressed. Here, we show that HO-1 was accumulated in the nuclei of stress-induced senescent endothelial cells, and conferred protection against endothelial senescence independent of its enzymatic activity. Overexpression of ΔHO-1, a truncated HO-1 without transmembrane segment (TMS), inhibited H2O2-induced endothelial senescence. Overexpression of ΔHO-1H25A, the catalytically inactive form of ΔHO-1, also exhibited anti-senescent effect. In addition, infection of recombinant adenovirus encoding ΔHO-1 with three nuclear localization sequences (NLS), alleviated endothelial senescence induced by knockdown of endogenous HO-1 by CRISPR/Cas9. Moreover, repression of HO-1 nuclear translocation by silencing of signal peptide peptidase (SPP), which is responsible for enzymatic cleavage of the TMS of HO-1, exacerbated endothelial senescence. Mechanistically, nuclear HO-1 interacted with NPM1 N-terminal portion, prevented NPM1 translocation from nucleolus to nucleoplasm, thus disrupted NPM1/p53/MDM2 interactions and inhibited p53 activation by NPM1, finally resisted endothelial senescence. This study provides a novel understanding of HO-1 as a promising therapeutic strategy for vascular senescence-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqi Mai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Department of Vascular and Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiting Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanwei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guimei Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Shum M, Shintre CA, Althoff T, Gutierrez V, Segawa M, Saxberg AD, Martinez M, Adamson R, Young MR, Faust B, Gharakhanian R, Su S, Chella Krishnan K, Mahdaviani K, Veliova M, Wolf DM, Ngo J, Nocito L, Stiles L, Abramson J, Lusis AJ, Hevener AL, Zoghbi ME, Carpenter EP, Liesa M. ABCB10 exports mitochondrial biliverdin, driving metabolic maladaptation in obesity. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/594/eabd1869. [PMID: 34011630 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of hydrophilic antioxidants in the development of hepatic insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been well studied, the role of lipophilic antioxidants remains poorly characterized. A known lipophilic hydrogen peroxide scavenger is bilirubin, which can be oxidized to biliverdin and then reduced back to bilirubin by cytosolic biliverdin reductase. Oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin inside mitochondria must be followed by the export of biliverdin to the cytosol, where biliverdin is reduced back to bilirubin. Thus, the putative mitochondrial exporter of biliverdin is expected to be a major determinant of bilirubin regeneration and intracellular hydrogen peroxide scavenging. Here, we identified ABCB10 as a mitochondrial biliverdin exporter. ABCB10 reconstituted into liposomes transported biliverdin, and ABCB10 deletion caused accumulation of biliverdin inside mitochondria. Obesity with insulin resistance up-regulated hepatic ABCB10 expression in mice and elevated cytosolic and mitochondrial bilirubin content in an ABCB10-dependent manner. Revealing a maladaptive role of ABCB10-driven bilirubin synthesis, hepatic ABCB10 deletion protected diet-induced obese mice from steatosis and hyperglycemia, improving insulin-mediated suppression of glucose production and decreasing lipogenic SREBP-1c expression. Protection was concurrent with enhanced mitochondrial function and increased inactivation of PTP1B, a phosphatase disrupting insulin signaling and elevating SREBP-1c expression. Restoration of cellular bilirubin content in ABCB10 KO hepatocytes reversed the improvements in mitochondrial function and PTP1B inactivation, demonstrating that bilirubin was the maladaptive effector linked to ABCB10 function. Thus, we identified a fundamental transport process that amplifies intracellular bilirubin redox actions, which can exacerbate insulin resistance and steatosis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA
| | - Chitra A Shintre
- Center for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Thorsten Althoff
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vincent Gutierrez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA
| | - Mayuko Segawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA
| | - Alexandra D Saxberg
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Melissa Martinez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Roslin Adamson
- Center for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Margaret R Young
- Center for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Belinda Faust
- Center for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Raffi Gharakhanian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA
| | - Shi Su
- Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Karthickeyan Chella Krishnan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Kiana Mahdaviani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michaela Veliova
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dane M Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer Ngo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laura Nocito
- Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeff Abramson
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maria E Zoghbi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | | | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA
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24
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Cascardo F, Anselmino N, Páez A, Labanca E, Sanchis P, Antico-Arciuch V, Navone N, Gueron G, Vázquez E, Cotignola J. HO-1 Modulates Aerobic Glycolysis through LDH in Prostate Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:966. [PMID: 34208670 PMCID: PMC8235201 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer associated death in men worldwide. Dysregulation of cellular energetics has become a hallmark of cancer, evidenced by numerous connections between signaling pathways that include oncoproteins and key metabolic enzymes. We previously showed that heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a cellular homeostatic regulator counteracting oxidative and inflammatory damage, exhibits anti-tumoral activity in PCa cells, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, tumor growth and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of HO-1 on the metabolic signature of PCa. After HO-1 pharmacological induction with hemin, PC3 and C4-2B cells exhibited a significantly impaired cellular metabolic rate, reflected by glucose uptake, ATP production, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and extracellular lactate levels. Further, we undertook a bioinformatics approach to assess the clinical significance of LDHA, LDHB and HMOX1 in PCa, identifying that high LDHA or low LDHB expression was associated with reduced relapse free survival (RFS). Interestingly, the shortest RFS was observed for PCa patients with low HMOX1 and high LDHA, while an improved prognosis was observed for those with high HMOX1 and LDHB. Thus, HO-1 induction causes a shift in the cellular metabolic profile of PCa, leading to a less aggressive phenotype of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cascardo
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Anselmino
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.A.); (E.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Alejandra Páez
- Unidad de Transferencia Genética, Instituto de Oncología “Dr. Angel H. Roffo”, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DTB, Argentina;
| | - Estefanía Labanca
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.A.); (E.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Pablo Sanchis
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Valeria Antico-Arciuch
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Nora Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.A.); (E.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Geraldine Gueron
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Elba Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Javier Cotignola
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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25
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Che J, Yang J, Zhao B, Shang P. HO-1: A new potential therapeutic target to combat osteoporosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174219. [PMID: 34081904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts a protective effect against cell damage and induces the activity of many enzymes involved in the treatment of many human diseases, including osteoporosis. The increasing prevalence of osteoporosis and the limitations of the current treatments available led to a continuous occurrence of bone loss and osteoporotic fractures, highlighting the need of a better understanding of the mechanism and function of HO-1. Many factors cause osteoporosis, including lack of estrogen, aging, and iron overload, and they either cause the increase in inflammatory factors or the increase in reactive oxygen species to break bone reconstruction balance. Therefore, regulating the production of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species may become a strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis. Solid evidence showed that the overexpression of HO-1 compensates high oxidation levels by increasing intracellular antioxidant levels and reduces inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory factors. Some extracts can target HO-1 and ameliorate osteoporosis. However, no systematic report is available on therapies targeting HO-1 to combat osteoporosis. Therefore, this review summarizes the biological characteristics of HO-1, and the relationship between inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species production regulated by HO-1 and osteoporosis. The understanding of the role of HO-1 in osteoporosis may provide ideas for a potential clinical treatment and new drugs targeting HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Che
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Department of Spinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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26
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Lee DY, Song MY, Kim EH. Role of Oxidative Stress and Nrf2/KEAP1 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives with Phytochemicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:743. [PMID: 34067204 PMCID: PMC8151932 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer still has a high incidence and mortality rate, according to a report from the American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer has a high prevalence in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, has been known to cause inflammatory diseases and malignant disorders. In particular, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway is well known to protect cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf2 was first found in the homolog of the hematopoietic transcription factor p45 NF-E2, and the transcription factor Nrf2 is a member of the Cap 'N' Collar family. KEAP1 is well known as a negative regulator that rapidly degrades Nrf2 through the proteasome system. A range of evidence has shown that consumption of phytochemicals has a preventive or inhibitory effect on cancer progression or proliferation, depending on the stage of colorectal cancer. Therefore, the discovery of phytochemicals regulating the Nrf2/KEAP1 axis and verification of their efficacy have attracted scientific attention. In this review, we summarize the role of oxidative stress and the Nrf2/KEAP1 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer, and the possible utility of phytochemicals with respect to the regulation of the Nrf2/KEAP1 axis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Moon-Young Song
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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Heme Oxygenase-1 Signaling and Redox Homeostasis in Physiopathological Conditions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040589. [PMID: 33923744 PMCID: PMC8072688 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme-oxygenase is the enzyme responsible for degradation of endogenous iron protoporphyirin heme; it catalyzes the reaction’s rate-limiting step, resulting in the release of carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous ions, and biliverdin (BV), which is successively reduced in bilirubin (BR) by biliverdin reductase. Several studies have drawn attention to the controversial role of HO-1, the enzyme inducible isoform, pointing out its implications in cancer and other diseases development, but also underlining the importance of its antioxidant activity. The contribution of HO-1 in redox homeostasis leads to a relevant decrease in cells oxidative damage, which can be reconducted to its cytoprotective effects explicated alongside other endogenous mechanisms involving genes like TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator), but also to the therapeutic functions of heme main transformation products, especially carbon monoxide (CO), which has been shown to be effective on GSH levels implementation sustaining body’s antioxidant response to oxidative stress. The aim of this review was to collect most of the knowledge on HO-1 from literature, analyzing different perspectives to try and put forward a hypothesis on revealing yet unknown HO-1-involved pathways that could be useful to promote development of new therapeutical strategies, and lay the foundation for further investigation to fully understand this important antioxidant system.
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Heme Oxgenase-1, a Cardinal Modulator of Regulated Cell Death and Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030515. [PMID: 33671004 PMCID: PMC7997353 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in heme degradation in order to generate biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and iron. The inducible form of the enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), exerts a central role in cellular protection. The substrate, heme, is a potent pro-oxidant that can accelerate inflammatory injury and promote cell death. HO-1 has been implicated as a key mediator of inflammatory cell and tissue injury, as validated in preclinical models of acute lung injury and sepsis. A large body of work has also implicated HO-1 as a cytoprotective molecule against various forms of cell death, including necrosis, apoptosis and newly recognized regulated cell death (RCD) programs such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. While the antiapoptotic potential of HO-1 and its reaction product CO in apoptosis regulation has been extensively characterized, relatively fewer studies have explored the regulatory role of HO-1 in other forms of necrotic and inflammatory RCD (i.e., pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis). HO-1 may provide anti-inflammatory protection in necroptosis or pyroptosis. In contrast, in ferroptosis, HO-1 may play a pro-death role via enhancing iron release. HO-1 has also been implicated in co-regulation of autophagy, a cellular homeostatic program for catabolic recycling of proteins and organelles. While autophagy is primarily associated with cell survival, its occurrence can coincide with RCD programs. This review will summarize the roles of HO-1 and its reaction products in co-regulating RCD and autophagy programs, with its implication for both protective and detrimental tissue responses, with emphasis on how these impact HO-1 as a candidate therapeutic target in disease.
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Hosoda R, Hamada H, Uesugi D, Iwahara N, Nojima I, Horio Y, Kuno A. Different Antioxidative and Antiapoptotic Effects of Piceatannol and Resveratrol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:385-396. [PMID: 33335015 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol affords protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related diseases via activation of SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase. However, the low bioavailability of resveratrol limits its therapeutic applications. Since piceatannol is a hydroxyl analog of resveratrol with higher bioavailability, it could be an alternative to resveratrol. In this study, we compared the cytotoxicity, antioxidative activity, and mechanisms of cytoprotection of piceatannol with those of resveratrol. In C2C12 cells incubated with piceatannol, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis showed that piceatannol was present in the intracellular fraction. A high concentration (50 μM) of piceatannol, but not resveratrol, induced mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis. However, piceatannol at 10 μM inhibited the increase in mitochondrial ROS level induced by antimycin A, and this ROS reduction was greater than that by resveratrol. The reduction in hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS by piceatannol was also greater than that by resveratrol or vitamin C. Piceatannol reduced antimycin A-induced apoptosis more than did resveratrol. SIRT1 knockdown abolished the antiapoptotic activity of resveratrol, whereas it blocked only half of the antiapoptotic activity of piceatannol. Piceatannol, but not resveratrol, induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) expression, which was blocked by knockdown of the transcription factor NRF2, but not by SIRT1 knockdown. HO1 knockdown partially blocked the reduction of ROS by piceatannol. Furthermore, the antiapoptotic action of piceatannol was abolished by HO1 knockdown. Our results suggest that the therapeutic dose of piceatannol protects cells against mitochondrial ROS more than does resveratrol via SIRT1- and NRF2/HO1-dependent mechanisms. The activation of NRF2/HO1 could be an advantage of piceatannol compared with resveratrol for cytoprotection. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study showed that piceatannol and resveratrol were different in cytotoxicity, oxidant-scavenging activities, and mechanisms of cytoprotection. Protection by piceatannol against apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species was superior to that by resveratrol. In addition to the sirtuin 1-dependent pathway, piceatannol exerted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1-mediated antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects, which could be an advantage of piceatannol compared with resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Hosoda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan (R.H., N.I., I.N., Y.H., A.K.) and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan (H.H., D.U.)
| | - Hiroki Hamada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan (R.H., N.I., I.N., Y.H., A.K.) and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan (H.H., D.U.)
| | - Daisuke Uesugi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan (R.H., N.I., I.N., Y.H., A.K.) and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan (H.H., D.U.)
| | - Naotoshi Iwahara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan (R.H., N.I., I.N., Y.H., A.K.) and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan (H.H., D.U.)
| | - Iyori Nojima
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan (R.H., N.I., I.N., Y.H., A.K.) and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan (H.H., D.U.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Horio
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan (R.H., N.I., I.N., Y.H., A.K.) and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan (H.H., D.U.)
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan (R.H., N.I., I.N., Y.H., A.K.) and Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan (H.H., D.U.)
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30
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Stucki D, Stahl W. Carbon monoxide – beyond toxicity? Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:251-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Carr JF, Garcia D, Scaffa A, Peterson AL, Ghio AJ, Dennery PA. Heme Oxygenase-1 Supports Mitochondrial Energy Production and Electron Transport Chain Activity in Cultured Lung Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186941. [PMID: 32971746 PMCID: PMC7554745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 is induced by many cellular stressors and catalyzes the breakdown of heme to generate carbon monoxide and bilirubin, which confer cytoprotection. The role of HO-1 likely extends beyond the simple production of antioxidants, for example HO-1 activity has also been implicated in metabolism, but this function remains unclear. Here we used an HO-1 knockout lung cell line to further define the contribution of HO-1 to cellular metabolism. We found that knockout cells exhibit reduced growth and mitochondrial respiration, measured by oxygen consumption rate. Specifically, we found that HO-1 contributed to electron transport chain activity and utilization of certain mitochondrial fuels. Loss of HO-1 had no effect on intracellular non-heme iron concentration or on proteins whose levels and activities depend on available iron. We show that HO-1 supports essential functions of mitochondria, which highlights the protective effects of HO-1 in diverse pathologies and tissue types. Our results suggest that regulation of heme may be an equally significant role of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Carr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
| | - David Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Alejandro Scaffa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA; (J.F.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-444-5648
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Targeting Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Arterial Response to Injury and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090829. [PMID: 32899732 PMCID: PMC7554957 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the degradation of heme into carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin, which is rapidly metabolized to bilirubin. The activation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a critical role in mediating the aberrant arterial response to injury and a number of vascular diseases. Pharmacological induction or gene transfer of HO-1 improves arterial remodeling in animal models of post-angioplasty restenosis, vascular access failure, atherosclerosis, transplant arteriosclerosis, vein grafting, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, whereas genetic loss of HO-1 exacerbates the remodeling response. The vasoprotection evoked by HO-1 is largely ascribed to the generation of CO and/or the bile pigments, biliverdin and bilirubin, which exert potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, these molecules inhibit vascular SMC proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and phenotypic switching. Several therapeutic strategies are currently being pursued that may allow for the targeting of HO-1 in arterial remodeling in various pathologies, including the use of gene delivery approaches, the development of novel inducers of the enzyme, and the administration of unique formulations of CO and bilirubin.
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Di Pietro C, Öz HH, Murray TS, Bruscia EM. Targeting the Heme Oxygenase 1/Carbon Monoxide Pathway to Resolve Lung Hyper-Inflammation and Restore a Regulated Immune Response in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1059. [PMID: 32760278 PMCID: PMC7372134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), lung hyper-inflammation starts early in life and is perpetuated by mucus obstruction and persistent bacterial infections. The continuous tissue damage and scarring caused by non-resolving inflammation leads to bronchiectasis and, ultimately, respiratory failure. Macrophages (MΦs) are key regulators of immune response and host defense. We and others have shown that, in CF, MΦs are hyper-inflammatory and exhibit reduced bactericidal activity. Thus, MΦs contribute to the inability of CF lung tissues to control the inflammatory response or restore tissue homeostasis. The non-resolving hyper-inflammation in CF lungs is attributed to an impairment of several signaling pathways associated with resolution of the inflammatory response, including the heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) pathway. HO-1 is an enzyme that degrades heme groups, leading to the production of potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal mediators, such as biliverdin, bilirubin, and CO. This pathway is fundamental to re-establishing cellular homeostasis in response to various insults, such as oxidative stress and infection. Monocytes/MΦs rely on abundant induction of the HO-1/CO pathway for a controlled immune response and for potent bactericidal activity. Here, we discuss studies showing that blunted HO-1 activation in CF-affected cells contributes to hyper-inflammation and defective host defense against bacteria. We dissect potential cellular mechanisms that may lead to decreased HO-1 induction in CF cells. We review literature suggesting that induction of HO-1 may be beneficial for the treatment of CF lung disease. Finally, we discuss recent studies highlighting how endogenous HO-1 can be induced by administration of controlled doses of CO to reduce lung hyper-inflammation, oxidative stress, bacterial infection, and dysfunctional ion transport, which are all hallmarks of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuela M. Bruscia
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Hong JY, Kim H, Jeon WJ, Baek S, Ha IH. Antioxidative Effects of Thymus quinquecostatus CELAK through Mitochondrial Biogenesis Improvement in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060548. [PMID: 32585989 PMCID: PMC7346177 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have reported that mitochondrial dysfunction is a leading cause of the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial changes play an important role in preventing oxidative stress. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis. Thymus quinquecostatus CELAK (TQC) extract is a plant from China belonging to the thymus species, which can mediate the inflammatory response and prevent cell damage through its antioxidant activities. This study examines whether TQC can scavenge excess ROS originating from the mitochondria in RAW 264.7 macrophages. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages and performed an immunocytochemistry dot blot of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and real-time PCR to analyze the expression levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. TQC was found to significantly reduce the intensity of immunostained MitoSOX and 8-OHdG levels in the total genomic DNA within the mitochondria in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA levels were also significantly increased in the TQC groups. Therefore, we verified that TQC improves mitochondrial function and attenuates oxidative stress induced by LPS. Our results can provide reference for the effect of TQC to develop new therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Hong
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
| | - Hyunseong Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
| | - Wan-Jin Jeon
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
| | - Seungho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea;
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Li D, Zhao D, Du J, Dong S, Aldhamin Z, Yuan X, Li W, Du H, Zhao W, Cui L, Liu L, Fu N, Nan Y. Heme oxygenase-1 alleviated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via suppressing ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress. Life Sci 2020; 253:117678. [PMID: 32376267 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response plays a crucial role in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts beneficial effects against oxidative injury in NASH. This study is aimed to clarify whether HO-1 is an effective therapeutic strategy for NASH via regulation of ER stress. METHODS The C57BL/6J mice were fed with methionine-choline deficient (MCD) for 4 weeks and high fat-high carbohydrate-high cholesterol (HFD) diet for 16 weeks, with hemin or zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP-IX), respectively. The LO-2 cells were cultured in palmitic medium, with transfected pEX-HO-1 or sh-HO-1 plasmid for 24 h. Meanwhile, thirty NASH patients and 15 health controls were enrolled. The ER ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy. The expressions of mRNAs and proteins of HO-1, ER stress related genes were detected by real time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. RESULTS The swelled and broken rough endoplasmic reticulums were observed in MCD and HFD fed mice. The reactive hepatic expression of HO-1 was related with the increased ROS production and ER stress, companied with upregulation of GRP78, p-IRE1, PERK, ATF6. Through hemin administration, hepatocyte apoptosis was suppressed companied down-regulation of CHOP, caspase12 and up-regulation of BCL2. Conserved results were exhibited in ZnPP-IX administrated mice and HO-1 silent cells. Consistent results were observed in the NASH Patients. CONCLUSIONS HO-1 could serve as a protective factor in the progression of nutritional steatohepatitis by suppresses hepatocyte excessive ER stress and might be a potential target for therapy of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Jinghua Du
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Shiming Dong
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Zaid Aldhamin
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Xiwei Yuan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Wencong Li
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Huijuan Du
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Luyao Cui
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Lingdi Liu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Na Fu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China.
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Castruccio Castracani C, Longhitano L, Distefano A, Di Rosa M, Pittalà V, Lupo G, Caruso M, Corona D, Tibullo D, Li Volti G. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide Regulate Growth and Progression in Glioblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2436-2446. [PMID: 32108290 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In human glioma tumours, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is overexpressed when compared with normal brain tissues and during oligodendroglioma progression. However, the molecular mechanisms mediated by HO-1 to promote glioblastoma remain unknown. We therefore aimed at investigating the effect of HO-1 expression and its selective enzymatic inhibition in two different cell lines (i.e. A172 and U87-MG). HO-1 was induced by hemin treatment (10 μM), and VP13/47 (100 μM) was used as a specific non-competitive inhibitor of HO-1 activity. Cell proliferation was measured by cell index measurement (xCelligence technology) and clonogenic assay, whereas cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) (i.e. CORM-3 and CORM-A1) were also used in a separate set of experiments to confirm the effect of HO-1 by-product in glioblastoma progression further. Our results were further validated using GSE4412 microarray dataset analysis and comparing biopsies overexpressing HO-1 with the rest of the cases. Our results showed that hemin was able to induce both HO-1 gene and protein expression in a cell-dependent manner being A172 more responsive to pharmacological upregulation of HO-1. Hemin, but not CORMs treatment, resulted in a significant increase of cell proliferation following 24 h of treatment as measured by increased cell index and colony formation capacity and such effect was abolished by VP13/47. Interestingly, both hemin and CORMs showed a significant effect on the wound healing assay also exhibiting cell specificity. Finally, our dataset analysis showed a positive correlation of HO-1 gene expression with ITGBI and ITGBII which are membrane receptors involved in cell adhesion, embryogenesis, tissue repair, immune response and metastatic diffusion of tumour cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that HO-1 and its by-product CO exhibit a cell-specific effect on various aspects of disease progression and are associated with a complex series of molecular mechanisms driving cell proliferation, survival and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Castruccio Castracani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Longhitano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Corona
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Acute Exposure to Permethrin Modulates Behavioral Functions, Redox, and Bioenergetics Parameters and Induces DNA Damage and Cell Death in Larval Zebrafish. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9149203. [PMID: 31827707 PMCID: PMC6885249 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9149203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Permethrin (PM) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide widely used as domestic repellent. Damage effects to nontarget organisms have been reported, particularly in the early stages of development. Studies indicate redox unbalance as secondary PM effect. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the acute PM effects on larval zebrafish. Larvae (6 days postfertilization) were exposed to PM (25–600 μg/L) during 24 hours, and 50% lethal concentration was estimated. For subsequent assays, the sublethal PM concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/L were used. PM increased anxiety-like behaviors according to the Novel Tank and Light-Dark tests. At the molecular level, PM induced increased ROS, which may be related to the increased lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and apoptosis detected in PM-exposed organisms. In parallel, upregulation of the antioxidant system was detected after PM exposure, with increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities, and thiol levels. The increased of Nrf2 target genes and the activation of an electrophile response element-driven reporter Tg(EPRE:LUC-EGFP) suggest that the Nrf2 pathway can mediate a fast response to PM, leading to antioxidant amplification. By using high-resolution respirometry, we found that exposure to PM decreased the oxygen consumption in all respiratory stages, disrupting the oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting the electron transfer system, leading to decrease in bioenergetics capacity. In addition, PM led to increases of residual oxygen consumption and changes in substrate control ratio. Glucose metabolism seems to be affected by PM, with increased lactate dehydrogenase and decreased citrate synthase activities. Taken together, our results demonstrated the adverse effects of acute sublethal PM concentrations during larval development in zebrafish, causing apparent mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating a potential mechanism to redox unbalance and oxidative stress, which may be linked to the detected cell death and alterations in normal behavior patterns caused by acute PM exposure.
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Heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide as modulators of autophagy and inflammation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 678:108186. [PMID: 31704095 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes heme degradation to generate biliverdin-IXα, carbon monoxide (CO), and iron. The HO-1/CO system confers cytoprotection in animal models of organ injury and disease, via modulation of inflammation and apoptosis. Recent studies have uncovered novel anti-inflammatory targets of HO-1/CO including regulation of the autophagy and inflammasome pathways. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent program for the turnover of cellular organelles such as mitochondria, proteins, and pathogens; which may downregulate inflammatory processes. Therapeutic modulation of autophagy by CO has been demonstrated in models of sepsis. The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome regulates the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CO can regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation and associated pro-inflammatory cytokines production and promote the resolution of inflammation by upregulating the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Mitochondria may represent a proximal target of HO-1/CO action. HO-1 may localize to mitochondria in response to stress, while CO can moderate mitochondrial dysfunction and regulate mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) and biogenesis. The interplay between mitochondrial autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the regulation and resolution of inflammation may make important contributions to the protection afforded by HO-1/CO in cellular and organ injury models. Recent studies have continued to explore the potential of CO for clinical applications.
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Luo W, Wang Y, Yang H, Dai C, Hong H, Li J, Liu Z, Guo Z, Chen X, He P, Li Z, Li F, Jiang J, Liu P, Li Z. Heme oxygenase-1 ameliorates oxidative stress-induced endothelial senescence via regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and coupling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1722-1744. [PMID: 30048241 PMCID: PMC6075439 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Premature senescence of vascular endothelial cells is a leading cause of various cardiovascular diseases. Therapies targeting endothelial senescence would have important clinical implications. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as a therapeutic target for endothelial senescence. METHODS AND RESULTS Upregulation of HO-1 by Hemin or adenovirus infection reversed H2O2-induced senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs); whereas depletion of HO-1 by siRNA or HO-1 inhibitor protoporphyrin IX zinc (II) (ZnPP) triggered HUVEC senescence. Mechanistically, overexpression of HO-1 enhanced the interaction between HO-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and promoted the interaction between eNOS and its upstream kinase Akt, thus resulting in an enhancement of eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and a subsequent increase of nitric oxide (NO) production. Moreover, HO-1 induction prevented the decrease of eNOS dimer/monomer ratio stimulated by H2O2 via its antioxidant properties. Contrarily, HO-1 silencing impaired eNOS phosphorylation and accelerated eNOS uncoupling. In vivo, Hemin treatment alleviated senescence of endothelial cells of the aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats, through upregulating eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177. CONCLUSIONS HO-1 ameliorated endothelial senescence through enhancing eNOS activation and defending eNOS uncoupling, suggesting that HO-1 is a potential target for treating endothelial senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Luo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Hanwei Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunmei Dai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huiling Hong
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping He
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Gordon DM, Adeosun SO, Ngwudike SI, Anderson CD, Hall JE, Hinds TD, Stec DE. CRISPR Cas9-mediated deletion of biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) in mouse liver cells induces oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 672:108072. [PMID: 31422074 PMCID: PMC6718297 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the predominant cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. NAFLD includes a spectrum of pathologies that starts with simple steatosis, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with the commission of other factors such as the enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) reduces biliverdin to the antioxidant bilirubin, which may serve to prevent NAFLD, and possibly the progression to NASH. To further understand the role of BVRA in hepatic function, we used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to target the Blvra gene in the murine hepa1c1c7 hepatocyte cell line (BVRA KO). BVRA activity and protein levels were significantly lower in BVRA KO vs. wild-type (WT) hepatocytes. Lipid accumulation under basal and serum-starved conditions was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in BVRA KO vs. WT cells. The loss of BVRA resulted in the reduction of mitochondria number, decreased expression of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, uncoupling, oxidation, and fusion, which paralleled reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption. BVRA KO cells exhibited increased levels of ROS generation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase mRNA expression. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a critical role for BVRA in protecting against lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in hepatocytes, which may serve as a future therapeutic target for NAFLD and its progression to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Gordon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Samuel O Adeosun
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, USA
| | | | - Christopher D Anderson
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, USA.
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Drummond GS, Baum J, Greenberg M, Lewis D, Abraham NG. HO-1 overexpression and underexpression: Clinical implications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 673:108073. [PMID: 31425676 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review we examine the effects of both over- and under-production of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and HO activity on a broad spectrum of biological systems and on vascular disease. In a few instances e.g., neonatal jaundice, overproduction of HO-1 and increased HO activity results in elevated levels of bilirubin requiring clinical intervention with inhibitors of HO activity. In contrast HO-1 levels and HO activity are low in obesity and the HO system responds to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress through increased levels of bilirubin (anti-inflammatory) and CO (anti-apoptotic) and decreased levels of heme (pro-oxidant). Site specific HO-1 overexpression diminishes adipocyte terminal differentiation and lipid accumulation of obesity mediated release of inflammatory molecules. A series of diverse strategies have been implemented that focus on increasing HO-1 and HO activity that are central to reversing the clinical complications associated with diseases including, obesity, metabolic syndrome and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Drummond
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baum
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Menachem Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - David Lewis
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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42
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Glycine Metabolism and Its Alterations in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061356. [PMID: 31208147 PMCID: PMC6627940 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine is the proteinogenic amino-acid of lowest molecular weight, harboring a hydrogen atom as a side-chain. In addition to being a building-block for proteins, glycine is also required for multiple metabolic pathways, such as glutathione synthesis and regulation of one-carbon metabolism. Although generally viewed as a non-essential amino-acid, because it can be endogenously synthesized to a certain extent, glycine has also been suggested as a conditionally essential amino acid. In metabolic disorders associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLDs), lower circulating glycine levels have been consistently observed, and clinical studies suggest the existence of beneficial effects induced by glycine supplementation. The present review aims at synthesizing the recent advances in glycine metabolism, pinpointing its main metabolic pathways, identifying the causes leading to glycine deficiency-especially in obesity and associated metabolic disorders-and evaluating the potential benefits of increasing glycine availability to curb the progression of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disturbances. This study focuses on the importance of diet, gut microbiota, and liver metabolism in determining glycine availability in obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Raffaele M, Pittalà V, Zingales V, Barbagallo I, Salerno L, Li Volti G, Romeo G, Carota G, Sorrenti V, Vanella L. Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibition Sensitizes Human Prostate Cancer Cells towards Glucose Deprivation and Metformin-Mediated Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102593. [PMID: 31137785 PMCID: PMC6566853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 have been frequently reported in different human cancers, playing a major role in drug resistance and regulation of cancer cell redox homeostasis. Metformin (MET), a drug widely used for type 2 diabetes, has recently gained interest for treating several cancers. Recent studies indicated that the anti-proliferative effects of metformin in cancer cells are highly dependent on glucose concentration. The present work was directed to determine whether use of a specific inhibitor of HO-1 activity, alone or in combination with metformin, affected metastatic prostate cancer cell viability under different concentrations of glucose. MTT assay and the xCELLigence system were used to evaluate cell viability and cell proliferation in DU145 human prostate cancer cells. Cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species were analyzed by flow cytometry. The activity of HO-1 was inhibited using a selective imidazole-based inhibitor; genes associated with antioxidant systems and cell death were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Our study demonstrates that metformin suppressed prostate cancer growth in vitro and increased oxidative stress. Disrupting the antioxidant HO-1 activity, especially under low glucose concentration, could be an attractive approach to potentiate metformin antineoplastic effects and could provide a biochemical basis for developing HO-1-targeting drugs against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Science, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Veronica Zingales
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Science, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug Science, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Carota
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Donegan RK, Moore CM, Hanna DA, Reddi AR. Handling heme: The mechanisms underlying the movement of heme within and between cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:88-100. [PMID: 30092350 PMCID: PMC6363905 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Heme is an essential cofactor and signaling molecule required for virtually all aerobic life. However, excess heme is cytotoxic. Therefore, heme must be safely transported and trafficked from the site of synthesis in the mitochondria or uptake at the cell surface, to hemoproteins in most subcellular compartments. While heme synthesis and degradation are relatively well characterized, little is known about how heme is trafficked and transported throughout the cell. Herein, we review eukaryotic heme transport, trafficking, and mobilization, with a focus on factors that regulate bioavailable heme. We also highlight the role of gasotransmitters and small molecules in heme mobilization and bioavailability, and heme trafficking at the host-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Donegan
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Courtney M Moore
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - David A Hanna
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Amit R Reddi
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
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Vogt S, Irqsusi M, Naraghi H, Sattler A, Ruppert V, Weber P, Rhiel A, Ramzan R. Mitochondrial active and relaxed state respiration after heat shock mRNA response in the heart. J Therm Biol 2019; 80:106-112. [PMID: 30784473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Induction of Heat Shock Proteins results in cytoprotection. Beneficial effect results from transcription and translational cellular components' involvement that defends metabolism and thus induce ischemic protection of the tissue. Mitochondrial respiration is also involved in stress- induced conditions. It is not a uniform process. Cytochrome c Oxidase (CytOx) representing complex IV of the Electron Transfer Chain (ETC) has a regulatory role for mitochondrial respiratory activity, which is tested in our study after hsp induction. Moreover, protein translation for mitochondrial components was probed by the detection of MT-CO1 for Subunit 1 of CytOx neosynthesis. Wistar rats were subjected to whole-body hyperthermia at 42.0-42.5 °C for 15 min followed by a normothermic recovery period. Heat shock response was monitored time dependent from LV biopsies of all control and heat treated animals with PCR-analysis for hsp 32, 60, 70.1, 70.2, 90 and MT-CO1 expression at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120 and 360 min recovery (n = 5 in each group), respectively. Enzymatic activity of CytOx were evaluated polarographically. High energy phosphates were detected by chromatographic analysis. The mRNA expression of MT-CO1 peaked at 60 min and was accompanied by hsp 32 (r = 0.457; p = 0.037) and hsp 70.2 (r = 0.615; p = 0.003) upregulation. With hsp induction, mitochondrial respiration was increased initially. Enzymatic activity reconciled from active into relaxed status wherein CytOx activity was completely inhibited by ATP. Myocardial ATP content increased from stress induced point i.e. < 1 µmol g-1 protein w/w to finally 1.5 ± 0.53 µmol g-1 protein w/w at 120 min recovery interval. Hyperthermic, myocardial hsp- induction goes along with increased CytOx activity representing an increased "active" mitochondrial respiration. In parallel, de -novo holoenzyme assembly of CytOx begins as shown by MT-CO1 upregulation at 60 min recovery time crossing with a final return to the physiological "relaxed" state and ATP -inhibited respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vogt
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Irqsusi
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Hamid Naraghi
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Alexander Sattler
- Center for Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Volker Ruppert
- Center for Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany
| | - Petra Weber
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
| | - Annika Rhiel
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
| | - Rabia Ramzan
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Giessen GmbH, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Lab, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, Philipps, University Marburg, Germany
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The sinister face of heme oxygenase-1 in brain aging and disease. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 172:40-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A Dual Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010039. [PMID: 30583467 PMCID: PMC6337503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is known to metabolize heme into biliverdin/bilirubin, carbon monoxide, and ferrous iron, and it has been suggested to demonstrate cytoprotective effects against various stress-related conditions. HO-1 is commonly regarded as a survival molecule, exerting an important role in cancer progression and its inhibition is considered beneficial in a number of cancers. However, increasing studies have shown a dark side of HO-1, in which HO-1 acts as a critical mediator in ferroptosis induction and plays a causative factor for the progression of several diseases. Ferroptosis is a newly identified iron- and lipid peroxidation-dependent cell death. The critical role of HO-1 in heme metabolism makes it an important candidate to mediate protective or detrimental effects via ferroptosis induction. This review summarizes the current understanding on the regulatory mechanisms of HO-1 in ferroptosis. The amount of cellular iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the determinative momentum for the role of HO-1, in which excessive cellular iron and ROS tend to enforce HO-1 from a protective role to a perpetrator. Despite the dark side that is related to cell death, there is a prospective application of HO-1 to mediate ferroptosis for cancer therapy as a chemotherapeutic strategy against tumors.
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Abstract
The vulnerability of cancer cells to nutrient deprivation and their dependency on specific metabolites are emerging hallmarks of cancer. Fasting or fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) lead to wide alterations in growth factors and in metabolite levels, generating environments that can reduce the capability of cancer cells to adapt and survive and thus improving the effects of cancer therapies. In addition, fasting or FMDs increase resistance to chemotherapy in normal but not cancer cells and promote regeneration in normal tissues, which could help prevent detrimental and potentially life-threatening side effects of treatments. While fasting is hardly tolerated by patients, both animal and clinical studies show that cycles of low-calorie FMDs are feasible and overall safe. Several clinical trials evaluating the effect of fasting or FMDs on treatment-emergent adverse events and on efficacy outcomes are ongoing. We propose that the combination of FMDs with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or other treatments represents a potentially promising strategy to increase treatment efficacy, prevent resistance acquisition and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Valter D Longo
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy.
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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49
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Gas Signaling Molecules and Mitochondrial Potassium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103227. [PMID: 30340432 PMCID: PMC6214077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, gaseous signaling molecules, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which were previously considered to be highly toxic, have been of increasing interest due to their beneficial effects at low concentrations. These so-called gasotransmitters affect many cellular processes, such as apoptosis, proliferation, cytoprotection, oxygen sensing, ATP synthesis, and cellular respiration. It is thought that mitochondria, specifically their respiratory complexes, constitute an important target for these gases. On the other hand, increasing evidence of a cytoprotective role for mitochondrial potassium channels provides motivation for the analysis of the role of gasotransmitters in the regulation of channel function. A number of potassium channels have been shown to exhibit activity within the inner mitochondrial membrane, including ATP-sensitive potassium channels, Ca2+-activated potassium channels, voltage-gated Kv potassium channels, and TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channel 3 (TASK-3). The effects of these channels include the regulation of mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential. Additionally, they may modulate the synthesis of reactive oxygen species within mitochondria. The opening of mitochondrial potassium channels is believed to induce cytoprotection, while channel inhibition may facilitate cell death. The molecular mechanisms underlying the action of gasotransmitters are complex. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of H2S, NO, and CO on potassium channels present within mitochondria.
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Campbell JH, Heikkila JJ. Effect of hemin, baicalein and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme activity inhibitors on Cd-induced accumulation of HO-1, HSPs and aggresome-like structures in Xenopus kidney epithelial cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 210:1-17. [PMID: 29698685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly toxic environmental pollutant that can cause many adverse effects including cancer, neurological disease and kidney damage. Aquatic amphibians are particularly susceptible to this toxicant as it was shown to cause developmental abnormalities and genotoxic effects. In mammalian cells, the accumulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which catalyzes the breakdown of heme into CO, free iron and biliverdin, was reported to protect cells against potentially lethal concentrations of CdCl2. In the present study, CdCl2 treatment of A6 kidney epithelial cells, derived from the frog, Xenopus laevis, induced the accumulation of HO-1, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP30 as well as an increase in the production of aggregated protein and aggresome-like structures. Treatment of cells with inhibitors of HO-1 enzyme activity, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), enhanced CdCl2-induced actin cytoskeletal disorganization and the accumulation of HO-1, HSP70, aggregated protein and aggresome-like structures. Treatment of cells with hemin and baicalein, which were previously shown to provide cytoprotection against various stresses, induced HO-1 accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, treatment of cells with hemin and baicalein suppressed CdCl2-induced actin dysregulation and the accumulation of aggregated protein and aggresome-like structures. This cytoprotective effect was inhibited by SnPP. These results suggest that HO-1-mediated protection against CdCl2 toxicity includes the maintenance of actin cytoskeletal and microtubular structure and the suppression of aggregated protein and aggresome-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John J Heikkila
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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