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Eugenia Ortiz M, Sinhorim L, Hoffmann de Oliveira B, Hardt da Silva R, Melo de Souza G, de Souza G, Paula Piovezan A, Balduino Bittencourt E, Bianco G, Shiguemi Inoue Salgado A, Klingler W, Schleip R, Fernandes Martins D. Analgesia by fascia manipulation is mediated by peripheral and spinal adenosine A 1 receptor in a mouse model of peripheral inflammation. Neuroscience 2024; 555:125-133. [PMID: 39038598 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The role of adenosine receptors in fascial manipulation-induced analgesia has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the involvement of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) in the antihyperalgesic effect of plantar fascia manipulation (PFM), specifically in mice with peripheral inflammation. Mice injected with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) underwent behavioral, i.e. mechanical hyperalgesia and edema. The mice underwent PFM for either 3, 9 or 15 min. Response frequency to mechanical stimuli was then assessed at 24 and 96 h after plantar CFA injection. The adenosinergic receptors were assessed by systemic (intraperitoneal, i.p.), central (intrathecal, i.t.), and peripheral (intraplantar, i.pl.) administration of caffeine. The participation of the A1R was investigated using the 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), a selective A1R subtype antagonist. PFM inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia induced by CFA injection and did not reduce paw edema. Furthermore, the antihyperalgesic effect of PFM was prevented by pretreatment of the animals with caffeine given by i.p., i.pl., and i.t. routes. In addition, i.pl. and i.t. administrations of DPCPX blocked the antihyperalgesia caused by PFM. These observations indicate that adenosine receptors mediate the antihyperalgesic effect of PFM. Caffeine's inhibition of PFM-induced antihyperalgesia suggests that a more precise understanding of how fascia-manipulation and caffeine interact is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Ortiz
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Brazil
| | - Larissa Sinhorim
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Brazil
| | - Bruna Hoffmann de Oliveira
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Hardt da Silva
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Melo de Souza
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Souza
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Piovezan
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Brazil
| | - Edsel Balduino Bittencourt
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Brazil; Coastal Health Institute, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Gianluca Bianco
- Research Laboratory of Posturology and Neuromodulation (RELPON), Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Istituto di Formazione in Agopuntura e Neuromodulazione (IFAN), Roma, Italy
| | | | - Werner Klingler
- SRH Hospitals, Sigmaringen, Germany; Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Medical Professions, Diploma University of Applied Sciences, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
| | - Robert Schleip
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department for Medical Professions, Diploma University of Applied Sciences, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany; Fascia Research Group, Experimental Anesthesiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Fernandes Martins
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Brazil.
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2
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García-Domínguez M. Enkephalins and Pain Modulation: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Perspectives. Biomolecules 2024; 14:926. [PMID: 39199314 PMCID: PMC11353043 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Enkephalins, a subclass of endogenous opioid peptides, play a pivotal role in pain modulation. Enkephalins primarily exert their effects through opioid receptors located widely throughout both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This review will explore the mechanisms by which enkephalins produce analgesia, emotional regulation, neuroprotection, and other physiological effects. Furthermore, this review will analyze the involvement of enkephalins in the modulation of different pathologies characterized by severe pain. Understanding the complex role of enkephalins in pain processing provides valuable insight into potential therapeutic strategies for managing pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario García-Domínguez
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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Huerta MÁ, Tejada MÁ, Nieto FR. Fucoidan as a Promising Drug for Pain Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:290. [PMID: 39057399 PMCID: PMC11277653 DOI: 10.3390/md22070290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a polymer of L-fucose and L-fucose-4-sulphate naturally found in marine sources that inhibits p-selectin, preventing neutrophil recruitment to the site of injury. Fucoidan is employed in many studies as a tool to investigate the contribution of neutrophils to pain, showing analgesic effects. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the analgesic effects of pretreatment with fucoidan reported in the available preclinical studies. In addition, we summarized the articles which have studied the therapeutic effects of fucoidan in pathological pain at preclinical and clinical levels. The results of this systematic review reveal that pretreatment with fucoidan is a powerful tool which reduces neutrophil infiltration by 70-90% at early time points. This meta-analysis showed that preventative treatment with fucoidan produced a significant pain reduction. In addition, several preclinical studies have observed that fucoidan treatment reduces the pain that is associated with various pathologies. Finally, fucoidan has also been tested in several clinical trials, with some degree of analgesic efficacy, but they were mostly small pilot studies. Considering all the above information, it can be concluded that fucoidan is not only a preclinical tool for studying the role of neutrophils in pain but also a promising therapeutic strategy for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Á. Huerta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.Á.H.); (M.Á.T.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. Tejada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.Á.H.); (M.Á.T.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco R. Nieto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.Á.H.); (M.Á.T.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
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4
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Han Y, Xing X, Zhou L, Huang S, Lin Z, Hong G, Chen J. GL13K-modified titanium regulates osteogenic differentiation via the NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111279. [PMID: 38056197 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The osteoimmune response plays a crucial regulatory role in the osseointegration of dental implants. Previous studies found the antimicrobial peptide coating (GL13K) could activate the immunomodulatory potential of macrophages (Raw 264.7) and promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). To further investigate the mechanism of interaction between immunomodulation and differentiation, a co-culture model of the representative cells (Raw 264.7 and BMSCs) was constructed to mimic the immune microenvironment. In this system, GL13K coating of titanium implant effectively inhibited the polarization of the inflammatory M1 type and promoted the polarization of the anti-inflammatory M2 type. Furthermore, the inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway and Mip-2 gene expression were found and validated by bioinformatics analysis and virus-induced gene silencing, which significantly affected the tissue repair process. It can be concluded that the GL13K coating had the potential to establish a localized immune microenvironment conducive to osteogenic differentiation through cellular interactions. Subsequent investigations would be dedicated to a thorough examination of the osseointegration effects of GL13K coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Xing
- Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Oral Mucosa Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaonan Lin
- Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Hong
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Jiang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Du W. Interactions Between Endogenous Opioids and the Immune System. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 35:27-43. [PMID: 38874717 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The endogenous opioid system, which consists of opioid receptors and their ligands, is widely expressed in the nervous system and also found in the immune system. As a part of the body's defense machinery, the immune system is heavily regulated by endogenous opioid peptides. Many types of immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes are influenced by endogenous opioids, which affect cell activation, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. Additionally, immune cells also synthesize and secrete endogenous opioid peptides and participate peripheral analgesia. This chapter is structured into two sections. Part one focuses on immunoregulatory functions of central endogenous opioids; and part two describes how opioid peptide-containing immune cells participate in local analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Clinical Sciences Research, CAMC Institute for Academic Medicine, Charleston, WV, USA.
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6
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Shi JT, Cao WY, Zhang XN, Wan HY, Su YS, Qu ZY, Wang R, He W, Jing XH, Wang XY. Local analgesia of electroacupuncture is mediated by the recruitment of neutrophils and released β-endorphins. Pain 2023; 164:1965-1975. [PMID: 37027145 PMCID: PMC10436362 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The efficacy of acupuncture in treating pain diseases has been recognized in clinical practice, and its mechanism of action has been a hot topic in academic acupuncture research. Previous basic research on acupuncture analgesia has focused mostly on the nervous system, with few studies addressing the immune system as a potential pathway of acupuncture analgesia. In this study, we investigated the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the β-endorphins (β-END) content, END-containing leukocyte type and number, sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE), and chemokine gene expression in inflamed tissues. To induce inflammatory pain, about 200 µL of complete Frester adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the unilateral medial femoral muscle of adult Wistar rats. Electroacupuncture treatment was performed for 3 days beginning on day 4 after CFA injection, with parameters of 2/100 Hz, 2 mA, and 30 minutes per treatment. The weight-bearing experiment and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that EA treatment significantly relieved spontaneous pain-like behaviors and increased the level of β-END in inflamed tissue. Injection of anti-END antibody in inflamed tissue blocked this analgesic effect. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining revealed that the EA-induced increase in β-END was derived from opioid-containing ICAM-1 + /CD11b + immune cells in inflamed tissue. In addition, EA treatment increased the NE content and expression of β2 adrenergic receptor (ADR-β2) in inflammatory tissues and upregulated Cxcl1 and Cxcl6 gene expression levels. These findings provide new evidence for the peripheral analgesic effect of acupuncture treatment by recruiting β-END-containing ICAM-1 + /CD11b + immune cells and increasing the β-END content at the site of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-tao Shi
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang 332005, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wan-ying Cao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ye Wan
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Shuai Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Qu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Jing
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Balog BM, Sonti A, Zigmond RE. Neutrophil biology in injuries and diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 228:102488. [PMID: 37355220 PMCID: PMC10528432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in nervous system injury and disease is attracting increased attention. Much of that research has focused on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and macrophages in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Much less attention has been paid to the roles played by neutrophils. Neutrophils are part of the granulocyte subtype of myeloid cells. These cells, like macrophages, originate and differentiate in the bone marrow from which they enter the circulation. After tissue damage or infection, neutrophils are the first immune cells to infiltrate into tissues and are directed there by specific chemokines, which act on chemokine receptors on neutrophils. We have reviewed here the basic biology of these cells, including their differentiation, the types of granules they contain, the chemokines that act on them, the subpopulations of neutrophils that exist, and their functions. We also discuss tools available for identification and further study of neutrophils. We then turn to a review of what is known about the role of neutrophils in CNS and PNS diseases and injury, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries, CNS and PNS axon regeneration, and neuropathic pain. While in the past studies have focused on neutrophils deleterious effects, we will highlight new findings about their benefits. Studies on their actions should lead to identification of ways to modify neutrophil effects to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Balog
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA
| | - Anisha Sonti
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA
| | - Richard E Zigmond
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA.
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El Jordi O, Fischer KD, Meyer TB, Atwood BK, Oblak AL, Pan RW, McKinzie DL. Microglial knockdown does not affect acute withdrawal but delays analgesic tolerance from oxycodone in male and female C57BL/6J mice. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2022; 2:10848. [PMID: 38390615 PMCID: PMC10880796 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2022.10848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) affects approximately 8%-12% of the population. In dependent individuals, abrupt cessation of opioid taking results in adverse withdrawal symptoms that reinforce drug taking behavior. Considerable unmet clinical need exists for new pharmacotherapies to treat opioid withdrawal as well as improve long-term abstinence. The neuroimmune system has received much scientific attention in recent years as a potential therapeutic target to combat various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including addiction. However, the specific contribution of microglia has not been investigated in oxycodone dependence. Chronic daily treatment with the CSF1R inhibitor Pexidartinib (PLX3397) was administered to knockdown microglia expression and evaluate consequences on analgesia and on naloxone induced withdrawal from oxycodone. In vivo results indicated that an approximately 40% reduction in brain IBA1 staining was achieved in the PLX treatment group, which was associated with a delay in the development of analgesic tolerance to oxycodone and maintained antinociceptive efficacy. Acute withdrawal behavioral symptoms, brain astrocyte expression, and levels of many neuroinflammatory markers were not affected by PLX treatment. KC/GRO (also known as CXCL1) was significantly enhanced in the somatosensory cortex in oxycodone-treated mice receiving PLX. Microglial knock-down did not affect the expression of naloxoneinduced opioid withdrawal but affected antinociceptive responsivity. The consequences of increased KC/GRO expression within the somatosensory cortex due to microglial reduction during opioid dependence are unclear but may be important for neural pathways mediating opioid-induced analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar El Jordi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kathryn D Fischer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Timothy B Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Brady K Atwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Raymond W Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David L McKinzie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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9
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Raynard C, Ma X, Huna A, Tessier N, Massemin A, Zhu K, Flaman J, Moulin F, Goehrig D, Medard J, Vindrieux D, Treilleux I, Hernandez‐Vargas H, Ducreux S, Martin N, Bernard D. NF-κB-dependent secretome of senescent cells can trigger neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of breast cancer cells. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13632. [PMID: 35653631 PMCID: PMC9282844 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by a stable proliferation arrest in response to stresses and the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, called SASP, composed of numerous factors including pro-inflammatory molecules, proteases, and growth factors. The SASP affects the environment of senescent cells, especially during aging, by inducing and modulating various phenotypes such as paracrine senescence, immune cell activity, and extracellular matrix deposition and organization, which critically impact various pathophysiological situations, including fibrosis and cancer. Here, we uncover a novel paracrine effect of the SASP: the neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NED) of some epithelial cancer cells, evidenced both in the breast and prostate. Mechanistically, this effect is mediated by NF-κB-dependent SASP factors, and leads to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels. Consistently, buffering Ca2+ by overexpressing the CALB1 buffering protein partly reverts SASP-induced NED, suggesting that the SASP promotes NED through a SASP-induced Ca2+ signaling. Human breast cancer dataset analyses support that NED occurs mainly in p53 WT tumors and in older patients, in line with a role of senescent cells and its secretome, as they are increasing during aging. In conclusion, our work, uncovering SASP-induced NED in some cancer cells, paves the way for future studies aiming at better understanding the functional link between senescent cell accumulation during aging, NED and clinical patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Raynard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Xingjie Ma
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
- Department of Intensive CareThe Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Anda Huna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Nolwenn Tessier
- University of Lyon, CarMeN LaboratoryINSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1BronFrance
| | - Amélie Massemin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Kexin Zhu
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Jean‐Michel Flaman
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Florentin Moulin
- University of Lyon, CarMeN LaboratoryINSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1BronFrance
| | - Delphine Goehrig
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Jean‐Jacques Medard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - David Vindrieux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Isabelle Treilleux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Hector Hernandez‐Vargas
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Sylvie Ducreux
- University of Lyon, CarMeN LaboratoryINSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1BronFrance
| | - Nadine Martin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - David Bernard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon BérardUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
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Korbecki J, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Wójcik J, Szatkowska I, Barczak K, Chlubek M, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Importance of CXCL1 in Physiology and Noncancerous Diseases of Bone, Bone Marrow, Muscle and the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084205. [PMID: 35457023 PMCID: PMC9024980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the role of CXCL1, a chemokine crucial in inflammation as a chemoattractant for neutrophils, in physiology and in selected major non-cancer diseases. Due to the vast amount of available information, we focus on the role CXCL1 plays in the physiology of bones, bone marrow, muscle and the nervous system. For this reason, we describe its effects on hematopoietic stem cells, myoblasts, oligodendrocyte progenitors and osteoclast precursors. We also present the involvement of CXCL1 in diseases of selected tissues and organs including Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis, ischemic stroke, major depression, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, neuropathic pain, osteoporosis, prion diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), traumatic spinal cord injury and West Nile fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Wójcik
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Iwona Szatkowska
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (J.W.); (I.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Mikołaj Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914-661-515
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Poulaki S, Rassouli O, Liapakis G, Gravanis A, Venihaki M. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Synthetic Neurosteroid Analogue BNN27 during CFA-Induced Hyperalgesia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091185. [PMID: 34572370 PMCID: PMC8469064 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an adrenal and neurosteroid hormone with strong neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties, and ligand for all high-affinity neurotrophin tyrosine kinase receptors (Trk), also exerts important effects on hyperalgesia. Its synthetic, 17-spiro-epoxy analogue, BNN27, cannot be converted to estrogen or androgen as DHEA; it is a specific agonist of TrkA, the receptor of pain regulator Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), and it conserves the immunomodulatory properties of DHEA. Our study aimed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of BNN27 during Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia in mice. Hyperalgesia was evaluated using the Hargreaves test. Inflammatory markers such as cytokines, NGF and opioids were measured, additionally to corticosterone and the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. We showed for the first time that treatment with BNN27 reversed hyperalgesia produced by CFA. The effect of BNN27 involved the inhibition of NGF in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the increased synthesis of opioid peptides and their receptors in the inflamed paw. We also found alterations in the cytokine levels as well as in the phosphorylation of AKT2. Our findings strongly support that BNN27 represents a lead molecule for the development of analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds with potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaragda Poulaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (S.P.); (O.R.)
| | - Olga Rassouli
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (S.P.); (O.R.)
| | - George Liapakis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (G.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Achille Gravanis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (G.L.); (A.G.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Venihaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Greece; (S.P.); (O.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-394583
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12
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Liu Q, He H, Mai L, Yang S, Fan W, Huang F. Peripherally Acting Opioids in Orofacial Pain. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:665445. [PMID: 34017236 PMCID: PMC8129166 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.665445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of opioid receptors by exogenous or endogenous opioids can produce significant analgesic effects in peripheral tissues. Numerous researchers have demonstrated the expression of peripheral opioid receptors (PORs) and endogenous opioid peptides (EOPs) in the orofacial region. Growing evidence has shown the involvement of PORs and immune cell-derived EOPs in the modulation of orofacial pain. In this review, we discuss the role of PORs and EOPs in orofacial pain and the possible cellular mechanisms involved. Furthermore, the potential development of therapeutic strategies for orofacial pain is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijia Mai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyan Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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13
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The μ-opioid receptor induces miR-21 expression and is ERK/PKCμ-dependent. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 356:577585. [PMID: 33940234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Micro RNA-21 (miR-21) is believed to perform an important role in the transition from inflammation to resolution in the innate immune response. The biochemical basis for the induction of miR-21 remains uncertain. However, the activation of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) induces the expression of miR-21. Our results show that human monocytes treated with μ-opioid agonists exhibit a significant increase in miR-21 expression. We found that MOR-induction of miR-21 requires the activation of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling cascade, and to our surprise, the activation of PKCμ (PKD1). These results are significant given the role of miR-21 in the sensitivity to pain.
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14
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Interleukin-4 Induces the Release of Opioid Peptides from M1 Macrophages in Pathological Pain. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2870-2882. [PMID: 33593854 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3040-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which can be protective in inflammatory and neurologic disorders, and can alleviate pain. Classically, IL-4 diminishes pain by blocking the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we uncovered that IL-4 induces acute antinociception by IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα)-dependent release of opioid peptides from M1 macrophages at injured nerves. As a model of pathologic pain, we used a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in male mice. A single application of IL-4 at the injured nerves (14 d following CCI) attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity evaluated by von Frey filaments, which was reversed by co-injected antibody to IL-4Rα, antibodies to opioid peptides such as Met-enkephalin (ENK), β-endorphin and dynorphin A 1-17, and selective antagonists of δ-opioid, µ-opioid, and κ-opioid receptors. Injured nerves were predominately infiltrated by proinflammatory M1 macrophages and IL-4 did not change their numbers or the phenotype, assessed by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Macrophages isolated from damaged nerves by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and stimulated with IL-4 dose dependently secreted all three opioid peptides measured by immunoassays. The IL-4-induced release of ENK was diminished by IL-4Rα antibody, intracellular Ca2+ chelator, and inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and ryanodine receptors. Together, we identified a new opioid mechanism underlying the IL-4-induced antinociception that involves PKA-mediated, PI3K-mediated, ryanodine receptor-mediated, and intracellular Ca2+-mediated release from M1 macrophages of opioid peptides, which activate peripheral opioid receptors in injured tissue.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which can ameliorate pain. The IL-4-mediated effects are considered to mostly result from the inhibition of the production of proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor, prostaglandin E2). Here, we found that IL-4 injected at the injured nerves attenuates pain by releasing opioid peptides from the infiltrating macrophages in mice. The opioids were secreted by IL-4 in the intracellular Ca2+-dependent manner and activated local peripheral opioid receptors. These actions represent a novel mode of IL-4 action, since its releasing properties have not been so far reported. Importantly, our findings suggest that the IL-4-opioid system should be targeted in the peripheral damaged tissue, since this can be devoid of central and systemic side effects.
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15
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Machelska H, Celik MÖ. Immune cell-mediated opioid analgesia. Immunol Lett 2020; 227:48-59. [PMID: 32814155 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pathological pain is regulated by a balance between pro-algesic and analgesic mechanisms. Interactions between opioid peptide-producing immune cells and peripheral sensory neurons expressing opioid receptors represent a powerful intrinsic pain control in animal models and in humans. Therefore, treatments based on general suppression of immune responses have been mostly unsuccessful. It is highly desirable to develop strategies that specifically promote neuro-immune communication mediated by opioids. Promising examples include vaccination-based recruitment of opioid-containing leukocytes to painful tissue and the local reprogramming of pro-algesic immune cells into analgesic cells producing and secreting high amounts of opioid peptides. Such approaches have the potential to inhibit pain at its origin and be devoid of central and systemic side effects of classical analgesics. In support of these concepts, in this article, we describe the functioning of peripheral opioid receptors, migration of opioid-producing immune cells to inflamed tissue, opioid peptide release, and the consequent pain relief. Conclusively, we provide clinical evidence and discuss therapeutic opportunities and challenges associated with immune cell-mediated peripheral opioid analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Machelska
- Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Melih Ö Celik
- Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Heme attenuates beta-endorphin levels in leukocytes of HIV positive individuals with chronic widespread pain. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101684. [PMID: 32828015 PMCID: PMC7451624 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic widespread pain (CWP) in people with HIV is high, yet the underlying mechanisms are elusive. Leukocytes synthesize the endogenous opioid, β-endorphin, within their endoplasmic reticulum (ER). When released into plasma, β-endorphin dampens nociception by binding to opioid receptors on sensory neurons. We hypothesized that the heme-dependent redox signaling induces ER stress, which attenuates leukocyte β-endorphins levels/release, thereby increasing pain sensitivity in people with HIV. Results demonstrated that HIV positive individuals with CWP had increased plasma methemoglobin, erythrocytes membrane oxidation, hemolysis, and low plasma heme scavenging enzyme, hemopexin, compared to people with HIV without CWP and HIV-negative individuals with or without pain. In addition, the leukocytes from people with HIV with CWP had attenuated levels of the heme metabolizing enzyme, heme oxygenase-1, which metabolizes free heme to carbon-monoxide and biliverdin. These individuals also had elevated ER stress, and low β-endorphin in leukocytes. In vitro, heme exposure or heme oxygenase-1 deletion, decreased β-endorphins in murine monocytes/macrophages. Treating cells with a carbon-monoxide donor or an ER stress inhibitor, increased β-endorphins. To mimic hemolytic effects in a preclinical model, C57BL/6 mice were injected with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ). PHZ increased cell-free heme and ER stress, decreased leukocyte β-endorphin levels and hindpaw mechanical sensitivity thresholds. Treatment of PHZ-injected mice with hemopexin blocked these effects, suggesting that heme-induced ER stress and a subsequent decrease in leukocyte β-endorphin is responsible for hypersensitivity in people with HIV.
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Machelska H, Celik MÖ. Opioid Receptors in Immune and Glial Cells-Implications for Pain Control. Front Immunol 2020; 11:300. [PMID: 32194554 PMCID: PMC7064637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptors comprise μ (MOP), δ (DOP), κ (KOP), and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptors. Opioids are agonists of MOP, DOP, and KOP receptors, whereas nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is an agonist of NOP receptors. Activation of all four opioid receptors in neurons can induce analgesia in animal models, but the most clinically relevant are MOP receptor agonists (e.g., morphine, fentanyl). Opioids can also affect the function of immune cells, and their actions in relation to immunosuppression and infections have been widely discussed. Here, we analyze the expression and the role of opioid receptors in peripheral immune cells and glia in the modulation of pain. All four opioid receptors have been identified at the mRNA and protein levels in immune cells (lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages) in humans, rhesus monkeys, rats or mice. Activation of leukocyte MOP, DOP, and KOP receptors was recently reported to attenuate pain after nerve injury in mice. This involved intracellular Ca2+-regulated release of opioid peptides from immune cells, which subsequently activated MOP, DOP, and KOP receptors on peripheral neurons. There is no evidence of pain modulation by leukocyte NOP receptors. More good quality studies are needed to verify the presence of DOP, KOP, and NOP receptors in native glia. Although still questioned, MOP receptors might be expressed in brain or spinal cord microglia and astrocytes in humans, mice, and rats. Morphine acting at spinal cord microglia is often reported to induce hyperalgesia in rodents. However, most studies used animals without pathological pain and/or unconventional paradigms (e.g., high or ultra-low doses, pain assessment after abrupt discontinuation of chronic morphine treatment). Therefore, the opioid-induced hyperalgesia can be viewed in the context of dependence/withdrawal rather than pain management, in line with clinical reports. There is convincing evidence of analgesic effects mediated by immune cell-derived opioid peptides in animal models and in humans. Together, MOP, DOP, and KOP receptors, and opioid peptides in immune cells can ameliorate pathological pain. The relevance of NOP receptors and N/OFQ in leukocytes, and of all opioid receptors, opioid peptides and N/OFQ in native glia for pain control is yet to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Machelska
- Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melih Ö Celik
- Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Celik MÖ, Labuz D, Keye J, Glauben R, Machelska H. IL-4 induces M2 macrophages to produce sustained analgesia via opioids. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133093. [PMID: 32102987 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-4 is a pleiotropic antiinflammatory cytokine, which can be neuroprotective after nervous system injury. The beneficial actions of IL-4 are thought to result from the blunting of action of inflammatory mediators, such as proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we demonstrate that IL-4 induces M2 macrophages to continuously produce opioid peptides and ameliorate pain. IL-4 application at injured nerves in mice shifted F4/80+ macrophages from the proinflammatory M1 to the antiinflammatory M2 phenotype, which synthesized opioid peptides (Met-enkephalin, β-endorphin, and dynorphin A 1-17). These effects were accompanied by a long-lasting attenuation of neuropathy-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, beyond the IL-4 treatment. This IL-4-induced analgesia was decreased by opioid peptide antibodies and opioid receptor (δ, μ, κ) antagonists applied at injured nerves, which confirms the involvement of the local opioid system. The participation of M2 macrophages was supported by analgesia in recipient mice injected at injured nerves with F4/80+ macrophages from IL-4-treated donors. Together, IL-4-induced M2 macrophages at injured nerves produced opioid peptides, which activated peripheral opioid receptors to diminish pain. Fostering the opioid-mediated actions of intrinsic M2 macrophages may be a strategy to tackle pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacqueline Keye
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Rogers TJ. Bidirectional Regulation of Opioid and Chemokine Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:94. [PMID: 32076421 PMCID: PMC7006827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid family of GPCRs consists of the classical opioid receptors, designated μ-, κ-, and δ-opioid receptors, and the orphanin-FQ receptor, and these proteins are expressed on both neuronal and hematopoietic cells. A number of laboratories have reported that an important degree of cross-talk can occur between the opioid receptors and the chemokine and chemokine receptor families. As a part of this, the opioid receptors are known to regulate the expression of certain chemokines and chemokine receptors, including those that possess strong pro-inflammatory activity. At the level of receptor function, it is clear that certain members of the chemokine family can mediate cross-desensitization of the opioid receptors. Conversely, the opioid receptors are all able to induce heterologous desensitization of some of the chemokine receptors. Consequently, activation of one or more of the opioid receptors can selectively cross-desensitize chemokine receptors and regulate chemokine function. These cross-talk processes have significant implications for the inflammatory response, since the regulation of both the recruitment of inflammatory cells, as well as the sensation of pain, can be controlled in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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20
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Scheff NN, Alemu RG, Klares R, Wall IM, Yang SC, Dolan JC, Schmidt BL. Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor-Induced Neutrophil Recruitment Provides Opioid-Mediated Endogenous Anti-nociception in Female Mice With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:217. [PMID: 31607857 PMCID: PMC6756004 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer patients report severe function-induced pain; severity is greater in females. We hypothesize that a neutrophil-mediated endogenous analgesic mechanism is responsible for sex differences in nociception secondary to oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Neutrophils isolated from the cancer-induced inflammatory microenvironment contain β-endorphin protein and are identified by the Ly6G+ immune marker. We previously demonstrated that male mice with carcinogen-induced oral SCC exhibit less nociceptive behavior and a higher concentration of neutrophils in the cancer microenvironment compared to female mice with oral SCC. Oral cancer cells secrete granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a growth factor that recruits neutrophils from bone marrow to the cancer microenvironment. We found that recombinant G-CSF (rG-CSF, 5 μg/mouse, intraperitoneal) significantly increased circulating Ly6G+ neutrophils in the blood of male and female mice within 24 h of administration. In an oral cancer supernatant mouse model, rG-CSF treatment increased cancer-recruited Ly6G+ neutrophil infiltration and abolished orofacial nociceptive behavior evoked in response to oral cancer supernatant in both male and female mice. Local naloxone treatment restored the cancer mediator-induced nociceptive behavior. We infer that rG-CSF-induced Ly6G+ neutrophils drive an endogenous analgesic mechanism. We then evaluated the efficacy of chronic rG-CSF administration to attenuate oral cancer-induced nociception using a tongue xenograft cancer model with the HSC-3 human oral cancer cell line. Saline-treated male mice with HSC-3 tumors exhibited less oral cancer-induced nociceptive behavior and had more β-endorphin protein in the cancer microenvironment than saline-treated female mice with HSC-3 tumors. Chronic rG-CSF treatment (2.5 μg/mouse, every 72 h) increased the HSC-3 recruited Ly6G+ neutrophils, increased β-endorphin protein content in the tongue and attenuated nociceptive behavior in female mice with HSC-3 tumors. From these data, we conclude that neutrophil-mediated endogenous opioids warrant further investigation as a potential strategy for oral cancer pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole N. Scheff
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robel G. Alemu
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard Klares
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ian M. Wall
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen C. Yang
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - John C. Dolan
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brian L. Schmidt
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Plein LM, Rittner HL. Opioids and the immune system - friend or foe. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2717-2725. [PMID: 28213891 PMCID: PMC6016673 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemically administered opioids are among the most powerful analgesics for treating severe pain. Several negative side effects (respiratory depression, addiction, nausea and confusion) and the risk of opioid-induced hyperalgesia accompany opioid administration. One other side effect is the potential of opioids to suppress the immune response and thereby to increase the vulnerability to infections. The link between opioids and immunosuppression has been investigated both in vitro and in vivo as well as in patients. However, the results are inconsistent: Exogenous opioids such as morphine and fentanyl have been found to impair the function of macrophages, natural killer cells and T-cells and to weaken the gut barrier in vitro and in animal studies. In epidemiological studies, high doses and the initiation of opioid therapy for non-malignant pain have been correlated with a higher risk of infectious diseases such as pneumonia. However clear randomized controlled studies are missing. Furthermore, immune cells including neutrophils, macrophages and T-cells have been shown to secrete endogenous opioid peptides, which then bind to peripheral opioid receptors to relieve inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In addition to cytokines, hormones and bacterial products, the release of opioid peptides is stimulated by the application of exogenous opioids. In summary, there is a reciprocal interaction between the immune system and endogenous as well as exogenous opioids. Further to the existing epidemiological studies, controlled clinical studies are needed in the future to elucidate the role of the opioid-immune system interaction in patients and to determine its clinical relevance. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heike L Rittner
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
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22
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García-Domínguez M, Lastra A, Folgueras AR, Cernuda-Cernuda R, Fernández-García MT, Hidalgo A, Menéndez L, Baamonde A. The Chemokine CCL4 (MIP-1β) Evokes Antinociceptive Effects in Mice: a Role for CD4 + Lymphocytes and Met-Enkephalin. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1578-1595. [PMID: 29907903 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we characterize the antinociceptive effects produced by the chemokine CCL4 in mice. The intraplantar administration of very low doses of CCL4 (0.1-3 pg) produced bilateral antinociception assessed by the unilateral hot-plate test (UHP) without evoking chemotactic responses at the injection site. Moreover, the subcutaneous administration of CCL4 (3-100 pg/kg) also yielded bilateral antinociception in the UHP and the paw pressure test and reduced the number of spinal neurons that express Fos protein in response to noxious stimulation. The implication of peripheral CCR5 but not CCR1 in CCL4-evoked antinociception was deduced from the inhibition produced by systemic but not intrathecal, administration of the CCR5 antagonist DAPTA, and the inefficacy of the CCR1 antagonist J113863. Besides, the inhibition observed after subcutaneous but not intrathecal administration of naloxone demonstrated the involvement of peripheral opioids and the efficacy of naltrindole but not cyprodime or nor-binaltorphimine supported the participation of δ-opioid receptors. In accordance, plasma levels of met-enkephalin, but not β-endorphin, were augmented in response to CCL4. Likewise, CCL4-evoked antinociception was blocked by the administration of an anti-met-enk antibody. Leukocyte depletion experiments performed with cyclophosphamide, anti-Ly6G, or anti-CD3 antibodies indicated that the antinociceptive effect evoked by CCL4 depends on circulating T lymphocytes. Double immunofluorescence experiments showed a four times more frequent expression of met-enk in CD4+ than in CD8+ T lymphocytes. CCL4-induced antinociception almost disappeared upon CD4+, but not CD8+, lymphocyte depletion with selective antibodies, thus supporting that the release of met-enk from CD4+ lymphocytes underlies the opioid antinociceptive response evoked by CCL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario García-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Lastra
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Alicia R Folgueras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rafael Cernuda-Cernuda
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, INEUROPA (Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Teresa Fernández-García
- Unidad de Histopatología Molecular en Modelos Animales de Cáncer, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis Menéndez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Baamonde
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Piekielna-Ciesielska J, Mollica A, Pieretti S, Fichna J, Szymaszkiewicz A, Zielińska M, Kordek R, Janecka A. Antinociceptive potency of a fluorinated cyclopeptide Dmt-c[D-Lys-Phe-p-CF 3-Phe-Asp]NH 2. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29513114 PMCID: PMC6010070 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1441839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid peptides and opiate drugs such as morphine, mediate their analgesic effects, but also undesired side effects, mostly through activation of the mu opioid receptor. However, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors can also contribute to the analgesic effects of opioids. Recent findings showed that simultaneous activation of multiple opioid receptors may result in additional analgesia with fewer side effects. Here, we evaluated the pharmacological profile of our formerly developed mixed mu/kappa-opioid receptor ligands, Dmt-c[D-Lys-Phe-Phe-Asp]NH2 (C-36) and Dmt-c[D-Lys-Phe-p-CF3-Phe-Asp]NH2 (F-81). The ability of these peptides to cross the blood–brain barrier was tested in the parallel artificial membrane permeability (PAMPA) assay. On the basis of the hot-plate test in mice after central and peripheral administration, analog F-81 was selected for the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity assessment after peripheral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Mollica
- b Department of Pharmacy , University "'G. d'Annunzio"' of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- c Istituto Superiore di Sanità , National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation , Rome , Italy
| | - Jakub Fichna
- d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Poland
| | - Agata Szymaszkiewicz
- d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Poland
| | - Marta Zielińska
- d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Poland
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- e Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- a Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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Chinese herb cinobufagin-reduced cancer pain is associated with increased peripheral opioids by invaded CD3/4/8 lymphocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11425-11441. [PMID: 28002791 PMCID: PMC5355276 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the mechanism of cinobufagin-reduced cancer pain in mouse cancer pain model and in vitro cell co-culture system. Methods Female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. One group of animals was set as normal control without any treatment. Other three groups of animals received H22 hepatoma cell inoculation in right hind paw. At day 9 after inoculation, mice in other three groups were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 8 days with the solvent, morphine or cinobufagin, respectively. The pain behavior was recorded daily. On the last day, all mice were sacrificed and xenograft tissues homogenate and plasma levels of β-endorphin (β-END), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were assessed by ELISA assay. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of β-END, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and the μ-opioid receptor (μ-OR) in the xenograft tissues. Immunofluorescence was used to localize lymphocytes with expression of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ in xenograft tumors and adjacent tissues. Mice splenic lymphocytes and H22 hepatoma carcinoma ascites cells were prepared for co-culture. β-END and CRF were detected in co-culture supernatants. The MTT assay and cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation. RT-PCR was conducted to determine the gene expression of POMC and Cathepsin L (CTSL). Chemotaxis was examined using a transwell-based migration assay. Results Compared to the model group, the thermal and mechanical pain thresholds were increased in mice after cinobufagin treatment. The expression of β-END and CRF in the plasma and tumor tissues of cinobufagin group were much higher than that of the model group mice, but the expression of IL-1β in the plasma and tumor tissues was much lower than that in the model group mice. Meanwhile, the expression of β-END, POMC and μ-OR proteins was significantly increased in the xenograft tissues from cinobufagin group. Lymphocyte population of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ were also elevated in xenograft tumors and adjacent tissues. In the cell co-culture assays, the content of β-END in the supernatant was significantly increased by cinobufagin in a dose-dependent manner. Cinobufagin also largely increased the proliferation of immune cells and inhibited H22 hepatoma carcinoma cell proliferation in single or co-culture cell assays. Gene expression of POMC and CTSL in cinobufagin group was significantly up-regulated comparing to the control group. Finally, cinobufagin addition enhanced the migration of immune cells in transwell assay. Conclusions Cinobufagin-induced local analgesic effect might be associated with increased activity of POMC/β-END/μ-OR pathway released from invaded CD3/4/8 lymphocytes in cancer tissues.
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Oehler B, Mohammadi M, Perpina Viciano C, Hackel D, Hoffmann C, Brack A, Rittner HL. Peripheral Interaction of Resolvin D1 and E1 with Opioid Receptor Antagonists for Antinociception in Inflammatory Pain in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:242. [PMID: 28824373 PMCID: PMC5541027 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antinociceptive pathways are activated in the periphery in inflammatory pain, for instance resolvins and opioid peptides. Resolvins are biosynthesized from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) and resolvin E1 (RvE1) initiate the resolution of inflammation and control of hypersensitivity via induction of anti-inflammatory signaling cascades. RvD1 binds to lipoxin A4/annexin-A1 receptor/formyl-peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2), RvE1 to chemerin receptor 23 (ChemR23). Antinociception of RvD1 is mediated by interaction with transient receptor potential channels ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). Endogenous opioid peptides are synthesized and released from leukocytes in the tissue and bind to opioid receptors on nociceptor terminals. Here, we further explored peripheral mechanisms of RvD1 and chemerin (Chem), the ligand of ChemR23, in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced hindpaw inflammation in male Wistar rats. RvD1 and Chem ameliorated CFA-induced hypersensitivity in early and late inflammatory phases. This was prevented by peripheral blockade of the μ-opioid peptide receptor (MOR) using low dose local naloxone or by local injection of anti-β-endorphin and anti-met-enkephalin (anti-ENK) antibodies. Naloxone also hindered antinociception by the TRPA1 inhibitor HC-030031. RvD1 did not stimulate the release of β-endorphin from macrophages and neutrophils, nor did RvD1 itself activate G-proteins coupled MOR or initiate β-arrestin recruitment to the membrane. TRPA1 blockade by HC-030031 in inflammation in vivo as well as inhibition of the TRPA1-mediated calcium influx in dorsal root ganglia neurons in vitro was hampered by naloxone. Peripheral application of naloxone alone in vivo already lowered mechanical nociceptive thresholds. Therefore, either a perturbation of the balance of endogenous pro- and antinociceptive mechanisms in early and late inflammation, or an interaction of TRPA1 and opioid receptors weaken the antinociceptive potency of RvD1 and TRPA1 blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Oehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Milad Mohammadi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Perpina Viciano
- Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Center, Institute of Pharmacology, University of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hackel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Bio-Imaging-Center/Rudolf-Virchow-Center, Institute of Pharmacology, University of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital JenaJena, Germany
| | - Alexander Brack
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike L Rittner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Hospital of WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
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Abstract
Acute and chronic pain complaints, although common, are generally poorly served by existing therapies. This unmet clinical need reflects a failure to develop novel classes of analgesics with superior efficacy, diminished adverse effects and a lower abuse liability than those currently available. Reasons for this include the heterogeneity of clinical pain conditions, the complexity and diversity of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and the unreliability of some preclinical pain models. However, recent advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of pain are beginning to offer opportunities for developing novel therapeutic strategies and revisiting existing targets, including modulating ion channels, enzymes and G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Silva RL, Lopes AH, Guimarães RM, Cunha TM. CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling in pathological pain: Role in peripheral and central sensitization. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:109-116. [PMID: 28587921 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain conditions can be triggered after peripheral nerve injury and/or inflammation. It is associated with plasticity of nociceptive pathway in which pain is prolonged even after healing of the injured tissue. Generally combinations of analgesic drugs are not sufficient to achieve selective palliation from chronic pain, besides causing a greater number of side effects. In order to identify novel alternatives for more effective treatments, it is necessary to clarify the underlying mechanisms of pathological pain. It is well established that there are two main components in pathological pain development and maintenance: (i) primary sensory neuron sensitization (peripheral sensitization), and (ii) central sensitization. In both components cytokines and chemokines act as key mediators in pain modulation. CXCL1 is a chemokine that promote both nociceptor and central sensitization via its main receptor CXCR2, which is a promising target for novel analgesic drugs. Here, we reviewed and discussed the role of the CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling axis in pathological pain conditions triggered by either peripheral inflammation or nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangel L Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre H Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela M Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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González-Rodríguez S, Álvarez MG, García-Domínguez M, Lastra A, Cernuda-Cernuda R, Folgueras AR, Fernández-García MT, Hidalgo A, Baamonde A, Menéndez L. Hyperalgesic and hypoalgesic mechanisms evoked by the acute administration of CCL5 in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 62:151-161. [PMID: 28126501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We show here that the intraplantar administration of CCL5 in mice produces hyperalgesia at low doses but activates compensatory antinociceptive mechanisms at doses slightly higher. Thus, the injection of 3-10ng of CCL5 evoked thermal hyperalgesia through the activation of CCR1 and CCR5 receptors, as demonstrated by the inhibitory effect exerted by the selective antagonists J113863 (0.01-0.1μg) and DAPTA (0.3-3μg), respectively. The prevention of this hyperalgesia by diclofenac (1-10μg), the inhibitors of COX-1 SC-560 (0.1-1μg) or COX-2 celecoxib (1-5μg), the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (0.03-0.3μg) or the TRPA1 antagonist HC030031 (10-50μg) demonstrates the involvement of prostaglandin synthesis and TRP sensitization in CCL5-evoked hyperalgesia. Doses of CCL5 higher than 17μg did not evoke hyperalgesia. However, this effect was restored by the administration of naloxone-methiodide (5μg), nor-binaltorphimine (10mg/kg) or an anti-dynorphin A antibody (0.62-2.5ng). The administration of 30ng of CCL5 also induced hyperalgesia in mice with reduced number of circulating white blood cells in response to cyclophosphamide or with selective neutrophil depletion induced by an anti-Ly6G antibody. In fact, the number of neutrophils present in paws treated with 30ng of CCL5 was greater than in paws receiving the administration of the hyperalgesic dose of 10ng. Finally, the expression of the endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin A was demonstrated by double immunofluorescence assays in these neutrophils attracted by CCL5. These results support previous data describing the hyperalgesic properties of CCL5 and constitute the first indication that a chemokine of the CC group can activate endogenous analgesic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara González-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Current address S.G-R: Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Av. de la Universidad s/n, Edif, Torregaitán, E-03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Miguel G Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Ana Lastra
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Rafael Cernuda-Cernuda
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, INEUROPA (Instituto De Neurociencias Del Principado De Asturias), C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Alicia R Folgueras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Fernández-García
- Unidad de Histopatología Molecular en Modelos Animales de Cáncer, IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Agustín Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Ana Baamonde
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Luis Menéndez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Pethő G, Bölcskei K, Füredi R, Botz B, Bagoly T, Pintér E, Szolcsányi J. Evidence for a novel, neurohumoral antinociceptive mechanism mediated by peripheral capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors in conscious rats. Neuropeptides 2017; 62:1-10. [PMID: 28291541 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive peripheral sensory nerve terminals induces remote anti-inflammatory effects throughout the body of anesthetized rats and guinea-pigs mediated by somatostatin. As somatostatin has also antinociceptive effects, the study aimed at investigating whether similar remote antinociceptive effects can be demonstrated in awake animals. In conscious rats, nociceptive nerve endings of the right hind paw decentralized by cutting the sciatic and saphenous nerves 18h before were chemically stimulated, and drop of the noxious heat threshold (heat hyperalgesia) induced by prior (18h before) plantar incision was measured on the contralateral, left hind paw using an increasing-temperature water bath. 18h after nerve transection, mustard oil-evoked plasma extravasation was not significantly reduced in the right hind paw as tested by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Applying agonist of either transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) or transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptor (capsaicin or mustard oil, respectively) to the nerve-transected paw inhibited the plantar incision-induced drop of the noxious heat threshold on the contralateral paw. The onset of these remote antihyperalgesic effects was 10-20min. A similar contralateral inhibitory effect of capsaicin or mustard oil treatment was observed on neuropathic mechanical hyperalgesia evoked by partial sciatic nerve injury 2days before nerve transection and measured by a Randall-Selitto apparatus. The remote thermal antihyperalgesic effect was prevented by chronic (5days) denervation or local capsaicin desensitization of the stimulated paw; reduced by intraperitoneally applied antagonist of somatostatin (cyclosomatostatin) or opioid receptors (naloxone). The response was mimicked by intraperitoneally applied somatostatin and associated with a 72±27% increase in plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity that was absent after chronic (5days) denervation. In conclusion, chemical activation of decentralized peripheral capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors evokes remote antihyperalgesic responses initiated outside the central nervous system and mediated by somatostatin and endogenous opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Pethő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Kata Bölcskei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Team, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Réka Füredi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Botz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Team, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Teréz Bagoly
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Maddila SC, Busch-Dienstfertig M, Stein C. B Lymphocytes Express Pomc mRNA, Processing Enzymes and β-Endorphin in Painful Inflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 12:180-186. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Celik MÖ, Labuz D, Henning K, Busch-Dienstfertig M, Gaveriaux-Ruff C, Kieffer BL, Zimmer A, Machelska H. Leukocyte opioid receptors mediate analgesia via Ca(2+)-regulated release of opioid peptides. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:227-242. [PMID: 27139929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are the most powerful analgesics. As pain is driven by sensory transmission and opioid receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins, according to the classical concept, opioids alleviate pain by activating receptors on neurons and blocking the release of excitatory mediators (e.g., substance P). Here we show that analgesia can be mediated by opioid receptors in immune cells. We propose that activation of leukocyte opioid receptors leads to the secretion of opioid peptides Met-enkephalin, β-endorphin and dynorphin A (1-17), which subsequently act at local neuronal receptors, to relieve pain. In a mouse model of neuropathic pain induced by a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, exogenous agonists of δ-, μ- and κ-opioid receptors injected at the damaged nerve infiltrated by opioid peptide- and receptor-expressing leukocytes, produced analgesia, as assessed with von Frey filaments. The analgesia was attenuated by pharmacological or genetic inactivation of opioid peptides, and by leukocyte depletion. This decrease in analgesia was restored by the transfer of wild-type, but not opioid receptor-lacking leukocytes. Ex vivo, exogenous opioids triggered secretion of opioid peptides from wild-type immune cells isolated from damaged nerves, which was diminished by blockade of Gαi/o or Gβγ (but not Gαs) proteins, by chelator of intracellular (but not extracellular) Ca(2+), by blockers of phospholipase C (PLC) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors, and was partially attenuated by protein kinase C inhibitor. Similarly, the leukocyte depletion-induced decrease in exogenous opioid analgesia was re-established by transfer of immune cells ex vivo pretreated with extracellular Ca(2+) chelator, but was unaltered by leukocytes pretreated with intracellular Ca(2+) chelator or blockers of Gαi/o and Gβγ proteins. Thus, both ex vivo opioid peptide release and in vivo analgesia were mediated by leukocyte opioid receptors coupled to the Gαi/o-Gβγ protein-PLC-IP3 receptors-intracellular Ca(2+) pathway. Our findings suggest that opioid receptors in immune cells are important targets for the control of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Ö Celik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dominika Labuz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Karen Henning
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Melanie Busch-Dienstfertig
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Claire Gaveriaux-Ruff
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Halina Machelska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
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Distinct roles of exogenous opioid agonists and endogenous opioid peptides in the peripheral control of neuropathy-triggered heat pain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32799. [PMID: 27605249 PMCID: PMC5015056 DOI: 10.1038/srep32799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain often results from peripheral nerve damage, which can involve immune response. Local leukocyte-derived opioid peptides or exogenous opioid agonists inhibit neuropathy-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in animal models. Since neuropathic pain can also be augmented by heat, in this study we investigated the role of opioids in the modulation of neuropathy-evoked heat hypersensitivity. We used a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in wild-type and opioid peptide-knockout mice, and tested opioid effects in heat and mechanical hypersensitivity using Hargreaves and von Frey tests, respectively. We found that although perineural exogenous opioid agonists, including peptidergic ligands, were effective, the endogenous opioid peptides β-endorphin, Met-enkephalin and dynorphin A did not alleviate heat hypersensitivity. Specifically, corticotropin-releasing factor, an agent triggering opioid peptide secretion from leukocytes, applied perineurally did not attenuate heat hypersensitivity in wild-type mice. Exogenous opioids, also shown to release opioid peptides via activation of leukocyte opioid receptors, were equally analgesic in wild-type and opioid peptide-knockout mice, indicating that endogenous opioids do not contribute to exogenous opioid analgesia in heat hypersensitivity. Furthermore, exogenously applied opioid peptides were ineffective as well. Conversely, opioid peptides relieved mechanical hypersensitivity. Thus, both opioid type and sensory modality may determine the outcome of neuropathic pain treatment.
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Kulyk VB, Volkova TN, Kryshtal’ OA. Mechanisms of Expression and Release of Endogenous Opioids in Peripheral Tissues. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-016-9590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hua S. Neuroimmune Interaction in the Regulation of Peripheral Opioid-Mediated Analgesia in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:293. [PMID: 27532001 PMCID: PMC4970451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral immune cell-mediated analgesia in inflammation is an important endogenous mechanism of pain control. Opioid receptors localized on peripheral sensory nerve terminals are activated by endogenous opioid peptides released from immune cells to produce significant analgesia. Following transendothelial migration of opioid-containing leukocytes into peripheral sites of inflammation, opioid peptides are released into a harsh milieu associated with an increase in temperature, low pH, and high proteolytic activity. Together, this microenvironment has been suggested to increase the activity of opioid peptide metabolism. Therefore, the proximity of immune cells and nerve fibers may be essential to produce adequate analgesic effects. Close associations between opioid-containing immune cells and peripheral nerve terminals have been observed. However, it is not yet determined whether these immune cells actually form synaptic-like contacts with peripheral sensory terminals and/or whether they secrete opioids in a paracrine manner. This review will provide novel insight into the peripheral mechanisms of immune-derived analgesia in inflammation, in particular, the importance of direct interactions between immune cells and the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hua
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Deftu AF, Fiorenzani P, Ceccarelli I, Pinassi J, Gambaretto M, Ristoiu V, Paulesu LR, Aloisi AM. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor modulates formalin induced behaviors in rats. ANIM BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-00002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine proteins are involved in different signaling pathways throughout the central nervous system. To study the efficacy of an inflammatory cytokine, the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which acts via several receptor molecules including the receptor CXCR2, male rats’ behaviors were determined after intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of MIF. There were three treatments: One group received only the cytokine, a second group received MIF and an CXCR2 antagonist (SB265610), and a third, control group received only the carrier medium saline. All rats were subjected to a subcutaneous injection of formalin in the hind paw after the ICV administration. Pain behaviors induced after formalin injection showed increased values in the MIF group of licking in the first phase and increased values of flexing, licking and paw-jerk in the second phase. On the contrary, spontaneous behaviors induced by formalin injection changed alternatively between the two groups compared with saline. These results suggest a possible effect of cytokine MIF on central nervous processes implicated in pain modulation mediated by the receptor CXCR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru F. Deftu
- 1Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | - Paolo Fiorenzani
- 2Department of Medical, Surgical and Neural Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ceccarelli
- 2Department of Medical, Surgical and Neural Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Jessica Pinassi
- 2Department of Medical, Surgical and Neural Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Martina Gambaretto
- 2Department of Medical, Surgical and Neural Science, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Violeta Ristoiu
- 1Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | | | - Anna-Maria Aloisi
- 2Department of Medical, Surgical and Neural Science, University of Siena, Italy
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Basso L, Bourreille A, Dietrich G. Intestinal inflammation and pain management. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 25:50-5. [PMID: 26629597 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation results in the production of inflammatory pain-inducing mediators that may directly activate colon sensory neurons. Endogenous opioids produced by mucosal effector CD4(+) T lymphocytes identified as colitogenic may paradoxically counterbalance the local pro-algesic effect of inflammatory mediators by acting on opioid receptors expressed on sensory nerve endings. The review will focus on the endogenous immune-mediated regulation of visceral inflammatory pain, current pain treatments in inflammatory bowel diseases and prospectives on new opioid therapeutic opportunities to alleviate pain but avoiding common centrally-mediated side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Basso
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; CNRS, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- INSERM, U913, Nantes F-44093, France; Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes F-44093, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; CNRS, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31300, France.
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Involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by the coffee specific diterpene kahweol. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1010-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Guan X, Fu Q, Xiong B, Song Z, Shu B, Bu H, Xu B, Manyande A, Cao F, Tian Y. Activation of PI3Kγ/Akt pathway mediates bone cancer pain in rats. J Neurochem 2015; 134:590-600. [PMID: 25919859 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most common and severe complications in patients suffering from primary bone cancer or metastatic bone cancer such as breast, prostate, or lung, which profoundly compromises their quality of life. Emerging lines of evidence indicate that central sensitization is required for the development and maintenance of BCP. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of PI3Kγ/Akt in the central sensitization in rats with tumor cell implantation in the tibia, a widely used model of BCP. Our results showed that PI3Kγ and its downstream target pAkt were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner and distributed predominately in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn neurons, astrocytes and a minority of microglia, and were colocalized with non-peptidergic, calcitonin gene-related peptide-peptidergic, and A-type neurons in dorsal root ganglion ipsilateral to tumor cell inoculation in rats. Inhibition of spinal PI3Kγ suppressed BCP-associated behaviors and the up-regulation of pAkt in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. This study suggests that PI3Kγ/Akt signal pathway mediates BCP in rats. Central sensitization is required for the development and maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP). In this study, we reported that PI3Kγ/Akt mediated the function of ephrinBs/EphBs in the central sensitization under BCP condition, and inhibition of spinal PI3Kγ suppressed BCP-associated behaviors. Our results suggest that inhibition of PI3Kγ/Akt may be a new target for the treatment of BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Qiaochu Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingrui Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huilian Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Human Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Andia I, Rubio-Azpeitia E, Maffulli N. Platelet-rich plasma modulates the secretion of inflammatory/angiogenic proteins by inflamed tenocytes. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2015; 473:1624-34. [PMID: 25670657 PMCID: PMC4385357 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma therapies for tendinopathy appear to provide moderate pain reduction. However, the biological mechanisms behind the observed clinical effects remain poorly characterized. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The purpose of this study was to explore whether platelet-rich plasma modifies the inflammatory/angiogenic status of already inflamed tenocytes by examining (1) gene expression; (2) modulation of chemokine and interleukin secretion; and (3) differences between healthy and tendinopathic tenocytes. METHODS Cells from both healthy and tendinopathic tendons were exposed to interleukin (IL)-1ß and after treated with platelet-rich plasma. Modifications in the expression of selected genes were assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and changes in secretion of angiogenic/inflammatory molecules by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Platelet-rich plasma-induced changes in tendinopathic cells were compared with normal after normalizing platelet-rich plasma data against IL-1ß status in each specific sample. RESULTS In IL-1ß-exposed cells, platelet-rich plasma downregulates expression of IL-6/CXCL-6 (mean, 0.015; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.005-0.025; p = 0.026), IL-6R (mean, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.27-0.95; p = 0.029), and IL-8/CXCL-8 (mean, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.007-0.023; p = 0.026). Secretion of IL-6/CXCL6, 0.35 (95% CI, 0.3-0.4; p = 0.002), IL-8/CXCL8, 0.55 (95% CI, 0.5-0.7; p = 0.01), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2, 0.40 (95% CI, 0.2-0.6; p = 0.001) was reduced by platelet-rich plasma, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor increased by twofold, (95% CI, 1.7-2.3; p < 0.001). RANTES/CCL5 increased by10-fold (95% CI, 4-17) and hepatocyte growth factor by 21-fold (95% CI, 0.2-42) in tendinopathic and by 2.3-fold (95% CI, 2-3) and threefold (95% CI, 1-5) in normal cells (p = 0.005 for both). CONCLUSIONS Platelet-rich plasma induces an immunomodulatory and proangiogenic phenotype consistent with healing mechanisms with few differences between tendinopathic and normal cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Platelet-rich plasma injections in pathological and nearby tissue might help to recover tendon homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Andia
- Regenerative medicine Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Eva Rubio-Azpeitia
- Regenerative medicine Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, University of Salerno School of Medicine and Surgery, Salerno, Italy ,Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG UK
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Mélik Parsadaniantz S, Rivat C, Rostène W, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. Opioid and chemokine receptor crosstalk: a promising target for pain therapy? Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:69-78. [PMID: 25588373 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and opioids are important regulators of immune, inflammatory and neuronal responses in peripheral and central pain pathways. Recent studies have provided insights into the functional interactions between chemokine receptors and opioid receptors, and their role in pain modulation. In this Progress article, we discuss how crosstalk between these two systems might provide a molecular and cellular framework for the development of novel analgesic therapies for the management of acute and/or chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyril Rivat
- Université de Montpellier 2, F-34091, Montpellier, France; and INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), F-34091, Montpellier, France
| | - William Rostène
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR_S968, F-75012, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France; and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR_7210, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR_S968, F-75012, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France; and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR_7210, F-75012, Paris, France
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Abstract
Painful sensation is a hallmark of microbe-induced inflammation. This inflammatory pain is downregulated a few days after infection by opioids locally released by effector T lymphocytes generated in response to microbe-derived antigens. This review focuses on the endogenous regulation of inflammatory pain associated with adaptive T-cell response and puts in perspective the clinical consequences of the opioid-mediated analgesic activity of colitogenic T lymphocytes in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Csaba G. Hormones in the immune system and their possible role. A critical review. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2014; 61:241-60. [PMID: 25261940 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.61.2014.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells synthesize, store and secrete hormones, which are identical with the hormones of the endocrine glands. These are: the POMC hormones (ACTH, endorphin), the thyroid system hormones (TRH, TSH, T3), growth hormone (GH), prolactin, melatonin, histamine, serotonin, catecholamines, GnRH, LHRH, hCG, renin, VIP, ANG II. This means that the immune cells contain all of the hormones, which were searched at all and they also have receptors for these hormones. From this point of view the immune cells are similar to the unicells (Tetrahymena), so it can be supposed that these cells retained the properties characteristic at a low level of phylogeny while other cells during the evolution accumulated to form endocrine glands. In contrast to the glandular endocrine cells, immune cells are polyproducers and polyreceivers. As they are mobile cells, they are able to transport the stored hormone to different places (packed transport) or attracted by local factors, accumulate in the neighborhood of the target, synthesizing and secreting hormones locally. This is taking place, e.g. in the case of endorphin, where the accumulating immune cells calms pain caused by the inflammation. The targeted packed transport is more economical than the hormone-pouring to the blood circulation of glandular endocrines and the targeting also cares the other receptor-bearing cells timely not needed the effect. Mostly the immune-effects of immune-cell derived hormones were studied (except endorphin), however, it is not exactly cleared, while the system could have scarcely studied important roles in other cases. The evolutionary aspects and the known as well, as possible roles of immune-endocrine system and their hormones are listed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csaba
- 1 Semmelweis University Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology Budapest Hungary
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43
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Wang Y, Gehringer R, Mousa SA, Hackel D, Brack A, Rittner HL. CXCL10 controls inflammatory pain via opioid peptide-containing macrophages in electroacupuncture. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94696. [PMID: 24732949 PMCID: PMC3986408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is widely used for pain treatment in patients with osteoarthritis or low back pain, but molecular mechanisms remain largely enigmatic. In the early phase of inflammation neutrophilic chemokines direct opioid-containing neutrophils in the inflamed tissue and stimulate opioid peptide release and antinociception. In this study the molecular pathway and neuroimmune connections in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced hind paw inflammation and electroacupuncture for peripheral pain control were analyzed. Free moving Wistar rats with hind paw inflammation were treated twice with electroacupuncture at GB30 (Huan Tiao - gall bladder meridian) (day 0 and 1) and analyzed for mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds. The cytokine profiles as well as the expression of opioid peptides were quantified in the inflamed paw. Electroacupuncture elicited long-term antinociception blocked by local injection of anti-opioid peptide antibodies (beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, dynorphin A). The treatment altered the cytokine profile towards an anti-inflammatory pattern but augmented interferon (IFN)-gamma and the chemokine CXCL10 (IP-10: interferon gamma-inducible protein) protein and mRNA expression with concomitant increased numbers of opioid peptide-containing CXCR3+ macrophages. In rats with CFA hind paw inflammation without acupuncture repeated injection of CXCL10 triggered opioid-mediated antinociception and increase opioid-containing macrophages. Conversely, neutralization of CXCL10 time-dependently decreased electroacupuncture-induced antinociception and the number of infiltrating opioid peptide-expressing CXCR3+ macrophages. In summary, we describe a novel function of the chemokine CXCL10 - as a regulator for an increase of opioid-containing macrophages and antinociceptive mediator in inflammatory pain and as a key chemokine regulated by electroacupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (YW); (HLR)
| | - Rebekka Gehringer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shaaban A. Mousa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hackel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Brack
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike L. Rittner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (YW); (HLR)
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Russo RC, Garcia CC, Teixeira MM, Amaral FA. The CXCL8/IL-8 chemokine family and its receptors in inflammatory diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:593-619. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.894886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Xu B, Guan XH, Yu JX, Lv J, Zhang HX, Fu QC, Xiang HB, Bu HL, Shi D, Shu B, Qin LS, Manyande A, Tian YK. Activation of spinal phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B mediates pain behavior induced by plantar incision in mice. Exp Neurol 2014; 255:71-82. [PMID: 24594219 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of postoperative pain may be different from antigen-induced inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. However, central neural plasticity plays a key role in incision pain. It is also known that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt) are widely expressed in laminae I-IV of the spinal horn and play a critical role in spinal central sensitization. In the present study, we explored the role of PI3K and Akt in incision pain behaviors. Plantar incision induced a time-dependent activation of spinal PI3K-p110γ and Akt, while activated Akt and PI3K-p110γ were localized in spinal neurons or microglias, but not in astrocytes. Pre-treatment with PI3K inhibitors, wortmannin or LY294002 prevented the activation of Akt brought on by plantar incision in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, inhibition of spinal PI3K signaling pathway prevented pain behaviors (dose-dependent) and spinal Fos protein expression caused by plantar incision. These data demonstrated that PI3K signaling mediated pain behaviors caused by plantar incision in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 32 Jiefang West Road, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Xue-Hai Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 32 Jiefang West Road, Liuzhou 545001, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
| | - Jun-Xiong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin 543001, PR China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin 543001, PR China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Road, Shenyang 11001, PR China
| | - Qiao-Chu Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Hong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Hui-Lian Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Dai Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Li-Sheng Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 32 Jiefang West Road, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Human Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Yu-Ke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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Sauer RS, Hackel D, Morschel L, Sahlbach H, Wang Y, Mousa SA, Roewer N, Brack A, Rittner HL. Toll like receptor (TLR)-4 as a regulator of peripheral endogenous opioid-mediated analgesia in inflammation. Mol Pain 2014; 10:10. [PMID: 24499354 PMCID: PMC3922964 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocytes containing opioid peptides locally control inflammatory pain. In the early phase of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced hind paw inflammation, formyl peptides (derived e.g. from Mycobacterium butyricum) trigger the release of opioid peptides from neutrophils contributing to tonic basal antinociception. In the later phase we hypothesized that toll-like-receptor-(TLR)-4 activation of monocytes/macrophages triggers opioid peptide release and thereby stimulates peripheral opioid-dependent antinociception. RESULTS In Wistar rats with CFA hind paw inflammation in the later inflammatory phase (48-96 h) systemic leukocyte depletion by cyclophosphamide (CTX) or locally injected naloxone (NLX) further decreased mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds. In vitro β-endorphin (β-END) content increased during human monocyte differentiation as well as in anti-inflammatory CD14+CD16- or non-classical M2 macrophages. Monocytes expressing TLR4 dose-dependently released β-END after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dependent on intracellular calcium. Despite TLR4 expression proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages only secreted opioid peptides in response to ionomycin, a calcium ionophore. Intraplantar injection of LPS as a TLR4 agonist into the inflamed paw elicited an immediate opioid- and dose-dependent antinociception, which was blocked by TAK-242, a small-molecule inhibitor of TLR4, or by peripheral applied NLX. In the later phase LPS lowered mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds. Furthermore, local peripheral TLR4 blockade worsened thermal and mechanical nociceptive pain thresholds in CFA inflammation. CONCLUSION Endogenous opioids from monocytes/macrophages mediate endogenous antinociception in the late phase of inflammation. Peripheral TLR4 stimulation acts as a transient counter-regulatory mechanism for inflammatory pain in vivo, and increases the release of opioid peptides from monocytes in vitro. TLR4 antagonists as new treatments for sepsis and neuropathic pain might unexpectedly transiently enhance pain by impairing peripheral opioid analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heike L Rittner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Meng L, Xing G, Cui C, Han J. WITHDRAWN: Enkephalin- and dynorphin-release produced by electrical stimulation of different frequencies in rat brain slices. Brain Res 2014:S0006-8993(14)00071-7. [PMID: 24462938 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Meng
- Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guogang Xing
- Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cailian Cui
- Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jisheng Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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Iwaszkiewicz KS, Schneider JJ, Hua S. Targeting peripheral opioid receptors to promote analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:132. [PMID: 24167491 PMCID: PMC3807052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of endogenous pain control are significant. Increasing studies have clearly produced evidence for the clinical usefulness of opioids in peripheral analgesia. The immune system uses mechanisms of cell migration not only to fight pathogens but also to control pain and inflammation within injured tissue. It has been demonstrated that peripheral inflammatory pain can be effectively controlled by an interaction of immune cell-derived opioid peptides with opioid receptors on peripheral sensory nerve terminals. Experimental and clinical studies have clearly shown that activation of peripheral opioid receptors with exogenous opioid agonists and endogenous opioid peptides are able to produce significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, without central opioid mediated side effects (e.g., respiratory depression, sedation, tolerance, dependence). This article will focus on the role of opioids in peripheral inflammatory conditions and the clinical implications of targeting peripheral opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina S Iwaszkiewicz
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Dawes JM, McMahon SB. Chemokines as peripheral pain mediators. Neurosci Lett 2013; 557 Pt A:1-8. [PMID: 24120432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence support the notion that much if not most chronic pain is dependent on on-going peripheral activity in nociceptors. This is not to say that central changes are unimportant, only that much of the central change is supported by a peripheral drive. This begs the question of what causes this peripheral drive. In some instances, particularly in association with peripheral nerve injury, nociceptors may become spontaneously active because of alterations in ion channel function or expression. But in most cases nociceptor activity arises because of the actions of peripheral mediators released by injured or damaged tissue. Some of these mediators are well known, such as the prostanoids. Others have more recently been identified, such as nerve growth factor (NGF). However, the limited efficacy of existing analgesic therapies strongly suggests that other important pain mediators exist. Here we discuss the evidence that a family of secreted proteins, the chemokines - well known for their actions in regulating immune cell migration - also play an important role in sustaining abnormal nociceptor activity in persistent pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Dawes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, West Wing, Level 6, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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Liou JT, Lee CM, Day YJ. The immune aspect in neuropathic pain: role of chemokines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 51:127-32. [PMID: 24148742 DOI: 10.1016/j.aat.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a pathological symptom experienced worldwide by patients suffering with nervous system dysfunction caused by various diseases. Treatment of neuropathic pain is always accompanied by a poor response and undesired adverse effects. Therefore, developing a novel "pain-kill" drug design strategy is critical in this field. Recent evidence demonstrates that neuroinflammation and immune response contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. Nerve damage can initiate inflammatory and immune responses, as evidenced by the upregulation of cytokines and chemokines. In this paper, we demonstrated that different chemokines and chemokine receptors (e.g., CX3CL1/CX3CR1, CCL2/CCR2, CCL3/CCR1, CCL4/CCR5 and CCL5/CCR5) serve as mediators for neuron-glia communication subsequently modulate nociceptive signal transmission. By extensively understanding the role of chemokines in neurons and glial cells in nociceptive signal transmission, a novel strategy for a target-specific drug design could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiin-Tarng Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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