1
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Fu X, Zhang S, Liu P. Co-immunoprecipitation for identifying protein-protein interaction on lipid droplets. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2024; 10:102-110. [PMID: 38774355 PMCID: PMC11103721 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2024.240007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipid droplet (LD) is a conserved organelle that exists in almost all organisms, ranging from bacteria to mammals. Dysfunctions in LDs are linked to a range of human metabolic syndromes. The formation of protein complexes on LDs is crucial for maintaining their function. Investigating how proteins interact on LDs is essential for understanding the role of LDs. We have developed an effective method to uncover protein-protein interactions and protein complexes specifically on LDs. In this method, we conduct co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments using LD proteins extracted directly from isolated LDs, rather than utilizing proteins from cell lysates. To elaborate, we begin by purifying LDs with high-quality and extracting LD-associated proteins. Subsequently, the co-IP experiment is performed on these LD-associated proteins directly, which would enhance the co-IP experiment specificity of LD-associated proteins. This method enables researchers to directly unveil protein complexes on LDs and gain deeper insights into the functional roles of proteins associated with LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Fu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Hammoudeh N, Soukkarieh C, Murphy DJ, Hanano A. Mammalian lipid droplets: structural, pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological roles. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101233. [PMID: 37156444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs) are specialized cytosolic organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a membrane made up of a phospholipid monolayer and a specific population of proteins that varies according to the location and function of each LD. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the understanding of LD biogenesis and functions. LDs are now recognized as dynamic organelles that participate in many aspects of cellular homeostasis plus other vital functions. LD biogenesis is a complex, highly-regulated process with assembly occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum although aspects of the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain elusive. For example, it is unclear how many enzymes participate in the biosynthesis of the neutral lipid components of LDs and how this process is coordinated in response to different metabolic cues to promote or suppress LD formation and turnover. In addition to enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of neutral lipids, various scaffolding proteins play roles in coordinating LD formation. Despite their lack of ultrastructural diversity, LDs in different mammalian cell types are involved in a wide range of biological functions. These include roles in membrane homeostasis, regulation of hypoxia, neoplastic inflammatory responses, cellular oxidative status, lipid peroxidation, and protection against potentially toxic intracellular fatty acids and lipophilic xenobiotics. Herein, the roles of mammalian LDs and their associated proteins are reviewed with a particular focus on their roles in pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hammoudeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, Wales, United Kingdom..
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria..
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3
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Chaudhary S, Rai P, Joshi A, Yadav P, Sesham K, Kumar S, Mridha AR, Baitha U, Nag TC, Soni KD, Trikha A, Yadav SC. Ultracellular Imaging of Bronchoalveolar Lavage from Young COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities Showed Greater SARS-COV-2 Infection but Lesser Ultrastructural Damage Than the Older Patients. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-25. [PMID: 36065953 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the cellular infectivity and ultrastructural changes due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the various cells of bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) from intubated patients of different age groups (≥60 years and <60 years) and with common comorbidities such as diabetes, liver and kidney diseases, and malignancies. BALF of 79 patients (38 cases >60 and 41 cases <60 years) were studied by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the ultrastructural changes in the ciliated epithelium, type II pneumocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and anucleated granulocytes. This study demonstrated relatively a greater infection and better preservation of subcellular structures in these cells from BALF of younger patients (<60 years compared with the older patients (≥60 years). The different cells of BALF from the patients without comorbidities showed higher viral load compared with the patients with comorbidities. Diabetic patients showed maximum ultrastructural damage in BALF cells in the comorbid group. This study highlights the comparative effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the different airway and inflammatory cells of BALF at the subcellular levels among older and younger patients and in patients with comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Chaudhary
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Preeti Rai
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Arti Joshi
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kishore Sesham
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Upendra Baitha
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kapil Dev Soni
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care, JPN Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anjan Trikha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Yadav
- Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
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4
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Sánchez-Álvarez M, Del Pozo MÁ, Bosch M, Pol A. Insights Into the Biogenesis and Emerging Functions of Lipid Droplets From Unbiased Molecular Profiling Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901321. [PMID: 35756995 PMCID: PMC9213792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are spherical, single sheet phospholipid-bound organelles that store neutral lipids in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. Initially conceived as relatively inert depots for energy and lipid precursors, these highly dynamic structures play active roles in homeostatic functions beyond metabolism, such as proteostasis and protein turnover, innate immunity and defense. A major share of the knowledge behind this paradigm shift has been enabled by the use of systematic molecular profiling approaches, capable of revealing and describing these non-intuitive systems-level relationships. Here, we discuss these advances and some of the challenges they entail, and highlight standing questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Del Pozo
- Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Lipid metabolism and neutrophil function. Cell Immunol 2022; 377:104546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Banerjee S, Bose D, Das S, Chatterjee N, Mishra S, Das Saha K. Leishmania donovani infection induce Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK½) mediated lipid droplet generation in macrophages. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:328-337. [PMID: 34953281 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently unfolded mechanisms showed lipid droplet helps in pathogen survival and paralyzes host immune response. In the present study, we showed the extent of lipid droplet(LD) generation in Leishmania donovani infection, the signaling involved, and their function concerning pathogenicity. RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 cells were used to infect with L. donovani and then flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to detect lipid droplet generation and subsequent assays. In this study, we showed that L. donovani AG83 (AG83/MHOM/1983) triggers lipid droplet formation in macrophages in a time-dependent manner. We provide novel insight into the signaling molecules which is responsible for LD accumulation. Interestingly, LPG deficient attenuated Leishmania strain UR6 (UR6/MHOM/1978) failed to fuel LD generation. But inhibition of phagosome maturation drastically stimulates LD accumulation in UR6 infected MΦs. Aspirin treatment in AG83 infected MΦs does not only lower LD load but also favors phagolysosome biogenesis and corrects cytokine balance. Employing strategies to circumvent halt in phagosome maturation using drugs that manipulate lipid droplet generation could be used as a therapeutic tool to resist parasite growth in the early hour of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Banerjee
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipayan Bose
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadip Das
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nabanita Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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7
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Identification of inflammatory markers in eosinophilic cells of the immune system: fluorescence, Raman and CARS imaging can recognize markers but differently. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:52. [PMID: 34936035 PMCID: PMC8739296 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils (Eos) play an important role in the immune system’s response releasing several inflammatory factors and contributing to allergic rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis. Since Eos have a relatively short lifetime after isolation from blood, usually eosinophilic cell line (EoL-1) is used to study mechanisms of their activation and to test therapies. In particular, EoL-1 cells are examined in terms of signalling pathways of the inflammatory response manifested by the presence of lipid bodies (LBs). Here we examined the differences in response to inflammation modelled by various factors, between isolated human eosinophils and EoL-1 cells, as manifested in the number and chemical composition of LBs. The analysis was performed using fluorescence, Raman, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, which recognised the inflammatory process in the cells, but it is manifested slightly differently depending on the method used. We showed that unstimulated EoL-1 cells, compared to isolated eosinophils, contained more LBs, displayed different nucleus morphology and did not have eosinophilic peroxidase (EPO). In EoL-1 cells stimulated with various proinflammatory agents, including butyric acid (BA), liposaccharide (LPS), or cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), an increased production of LBs with a various degree of lipid unsaturation was observed in spontaneous Raman spectra. Furthermore, stimulation of EoL-1 cells resulted in alterations of the LBs morphology. In conclusion, a level of lipid unsaturation and eosinophilic peroxidase as well as LBs distribution among cell population mainly accounted for the biochemistry of eosinophils upon inflammation.
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8
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Pereira-Dutra FS, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets diversity and functions in inflammation and immune response. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:809-825. [PMID: 34668810 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1995356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and evolutionary conserved lipid-enriched organelles composed of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids associated with a diverse array of proteins that are cell- and stimulus-regulated. Far beyond being simply a deposit of neutral lipids, accumulating evidence demonstrate that LDs act as spatial and temporal local for lipid and protein compartmentalization and signaling organization. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the progress in our understanding of LD protein diversity and LD functions in the context of cell signaling and immune responses, highlighting the relationship between LD composition with the multiple roles of this organelle in immunometabolism, inflammation and host-response to infection. EXPERT OPINION LDs are essential platforms for various cellular processes, including metabolic regulation, cell signaling, and immune responses. The functions of LD in infection and inflammatory disease are associated with the dynamic and complexity of their proteome. Our contemporary view place LDs as critical regulators of different inflammatory and infectious diseases and key markers of leukocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe S Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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9
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Sirisin J, Kamnate A, Polsan Y, Somintara S, Chomphoo S, Sakagami H, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W. Localization of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) α confined to the surface of lipid droplets and adjacent narrow cytoplasm in progesterone-producing cells of in situ ovaries of adult mice. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151794. [PMID: 34624591 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) produced by phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5 kinase (PIP5K) plays not only as a precursor of second messengers in the phosphoinositide signal transduction, but also multiple roles influencing a variety of cellular activities. From this viewpoint, the present study attempted to localize PIP5Kα in the ovaries in situ of adult mice. PIP5Kα-immunoreactivity was confined to the surfaces of lipid droplets (LDs) and their adjacent cytoplasm in progesterone-producing cells of the interstitial glands, corpora lutea and theca interna. The LDs often contained membranous tubules/lamellae along their surfaces and within their interior whose membranes were continuous with those delineating LDs composed of a monolayer of phospholipids and were partially PIP5Kα-immunoreactive. Although granulosa cells of healthy-looking follicles were immunonegative, as the atresia progressed, PIP5Kα-immunoreactivity first appeared in sparsely dispersed dot forms in mural cells of the follicular epithelia, and then were dominant in almost all mural cells that remained after desquamation of the antral cells. The present study provides evidence suggesting that PI(4,5)P2 locally synthesized by PIP5K in LDs is involved in the lipid transfer between lipid droplets (LDs) and the endoplasmic reticulum, which eventually regulates ovarian progesterone production through control of multiple dynamic activities of LDs. It is also suggested that PIP5Kα and PI(4,5)P2 are implicated in the modulation of programmed cell death and/or acquiring the ability of progesterone production in some follicular cells surviving atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthathip Sirisin
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anussara Kamnate
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yada Polsan
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Somsuda Somintara
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surang Chomphoo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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10
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Habiburrahman M, Ariq H, Yusharyahya SN. The Role of Lipid and the Benefit of Statin in Augmenting Rifampicin Effectivity for a Better Leprosy Treatment. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although leprosy remains as a serious disease of the skin and nervous system, the current treatment is still lacking in its effectiveness. This literature review will explore the association of lipid and leprosy, as well as the potential of statin and other lipid-lowering agents as adjunctive drugs to combat leprosy. Articles were searched through the PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar with the keywords: immunomodulation, lipid-body, lipids, leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, pathogenesis, rifampin or rifampicin, and statins. A manual searching is also carried out to find an additional relevant information to make this literature review more comprehensive. The literatures showed that lipids are highly correlated with leprosy through alterations in serum lipid profile, metabolism, pathogenesis, and producing oxidative stress. Statins can diminish lipid utilization in the pathogenesis of leprosy and show a mycobactericidal effect by increasing the effectiveness of rifampicin and recover the function of macrophages. In addition, Statins have anti-inflammatory properties which may aid in preventing type I and II reactions in leprosy. Standard multidrug therapy might reduce the efficacy of statins, but the effect is not clinically significant. The statin dose-response curve also allows therapeutic response to be achieved with minimal dose. The various pleiotropic effects of statins make it a potential adjunct to standard treatment for leprosy in the future.
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Reza AHMM, Zhou Y, Qin J, Tang Y. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens for lipid droplet imaging. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 184:101-144. [PMID: 34749970 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles involved in energy homeostasis and versatile intracellular processes in different cell types. Their importance is ubiquitous, ranges from utilization as the biofunctional components to third-generation biofuel production from microalgae, while morphology and functional perturbations could also relate to the multiple diseases in higher mammals. Biosynthesis of lipids can be triggered by multiple factors related to organismal physiology and the surrounding environment. An early prediction of this might help take necessary actions toward desired outcomes. In vivo visualization of LDs can give molecular insight into regulatory mechanisms and the underlying connections with other cellular structures. Traditional bioprobes for LDs detection often suffer from different dye-specific limitations such as aggregation-caused quenching and self-decomposition phenomena that hinder the research advancement. The emergence of lipid-specific nanoprobes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) attributes in recent years is promising in remunerative characteristics with defined bioimaging properties. By utilizing the easy synthetic techniques and exploiting the unique physical features of these molecules, highly selective, stable, biocompatible and facile fluorescent probes could be fabricated for lipid detection. This chapter will provide up-to-date insight into the recent advances in lipid-specific AIE-based probes to enhance the opportunities for basic research related to the distinct roles of LDs in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Mohsinul Reza
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yabin Zhou
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jianguang Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Youhong Tang
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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12
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Brink JTR, Fourie R, Sebolai O, Albertyn J, Pohl CH. The role of lipid droplets in microbial pathogenesis. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34184983 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonpolar lipids present in cells are mainly triacylglycerols and steryl esters. When cells are provided with an abundance of nutrients, these storage lipids accumulate. As large quantities of nonpolar lipids cannot be integrated into membranes, they are isolated from the cytosolic environment in lipid droplets. As specialized, inducible cytoplasmic organelles, lipid droplets have functions beyond the regulation of lipid metabolism, in cell signalling and activation, membrane trafficking and control of inflammatory mediator synthesis and secretion. Pathogens, including fungi, viruses, parasites, or intracellular bacteria can induce and may benefit from lipid droplets in infected cells. Here we review biogenesis of lipid droplets as well as the role of lipid droplets in the pathogenesis of selected viruses, bacteria, protists and yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus T R Brink
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ruan Fourie
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olihile Sebolai
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Albertyn
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H Pohl
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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13
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Chen HK, Rosset SL, Wang LH, Chen CS. The characteristics of host lipid body biogenesis during coral-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11652. [PMID: 34221732 PMCID: PMC8234918 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular lipid body (LB) biogenesis depends on the symbiosis between coral hosts and their Symbiodinaceae. Therefore, understanding the mechanism(s) behind LB biosynthesis in corals can portentially elucide the drivers of cellular regulation during endosymbiosis. This study assessed LB formation in the gastrodermal tissue layer of the hermatypic coral Euphyllia glabrescens. Diel rhythmicity in LB size and distribution was observed; solar irradiation onset at sunrise initiated an increase in LB formation, which continued throughout the day and peaked after sunset at 18:00. The LBs migrated from the area near the mesoglea to the gastrodermal cell border near the coelenteron. Micro-LB biogenesis occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the host gastrodermal cells. A transcriptomic analysis of genes related to lipogenesis indicated that binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) plays a key role in metabolic signaling pathways. The diel rhythmicity of LB biogenesis was correlated with ER-localized BiP expression. BiP expression peaked during the period with the largest increase in LB formation, thereby indicating that the chaperoning reaction of abnormal protein folding inside the host ER is likely involved in LB biosynthesis. These findings suggest that the host ER, central to LB formation, potentially facilitates the regulation of endosymbiosis between coral hosts and Symbiodiniaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Kai Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Sabrina L Rosset
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsueh Wang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong-Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Shiarng Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong-Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Zembroski AS, Andolino C, Buhman KK, Teegarden D. Proteomic Characterization of Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets in Human Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:576326. [PMID: 34141606 PMCID: PMC8204105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.576326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristic features of metastatic breast cancer is increased cellular storage of neutral lipid in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). CLD accumulation is associated with increased cancer aggressiveness, suggesting CLDs contribute to metastasis. However, how CLDs contribute to metastasis is not clear. CLDs are composed of a neutral lipid core, a phospholipid monolayer, and associated proteins. Proteins that associate with CLDs regulate both cellular and CLD metabolism; however, the proteome of CLDs in metastatic breast cancer and how these proteins may contribute to breast cancer progression is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the proteome and assess the characteristics of CLDs in the MCF10CA1a human metastatic breast cancer cell line. Utilizing shotgun proteomics, we identified over 1500 proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes in the isolated CLD fraction. Interestingly, unlike other cell lines such as adipocytes or enterocytes, the most enriched protein categories were involved in cellular processes outside of lipid metabolism. For example, cell-cell adhesion was the most enriched category of proteins identified, and many of these proteins have been implicated in breast cancer metastasis. In addition, we characterized CLD size and area in MCF10CA1a cells using transmission electron microscopy. Our results provide a hypothesis-generating list of potential players in breast cancer progression and offers a new perspective on the role of CLDs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa S Zembroski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Chaylen Andolino
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kimberly K Buhman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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15
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Leyland B, Zarka A, Didi-Cohen S, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I. High Resolution Proteome of Lipid Droplets Isolated from the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae) Strain pt4 provides mechanistic insights into complex intracellular coordination during nitrogen deprivation. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:1642-1663. [PMID: 32779202 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are an organelle conserved amongst all eukaryotes, consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a polar lipid monolayer. Many species of microalgae accumulate LDs in response to stress conditions, such as nitrogen starvation. Here, we report the isolation and proteomic profiling of LD proteins from the model oleaginous pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, strain Pt4 (UTEX 646). We also provide a quantitative description of LD morphological ontogeny, and fatty acid content. Novel cell disruption and LD isolation methods, combined with suspension-trapping and nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, yielded an unprecedented number of LD proteins. Predictive annotation of the LD proteome suggests a broad assemblage of proteins with diverse functions, including lipid metabolism and vesicle trafficking, as well as ribosomal and proteasomal machinery. These proteins provide mechanistic insights into LD processes, and evidence for interactions between LDs and other organelles. We identify for the first time several key steps in diatom LD-associated triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Bioinformatic analyses of the LD proteome suggests multiple protein targeting mechanisms, including amphipathic helices, post-translational modifications, and translocation machinery. This work corroborates recent findings from other strains of P. tricornutum, other diatoms, and other eukaryotic organisms, suggesting that the fundamental proteins orchestrating LDs are conserved, and represent an ancient component of the eukaryotic endomembrane system. We postulate a comprehensive model of nitrogen starvation-induced diatom LDs on a molecular scale, and provide a wealth of candidates for metabolic engineering, with the potential to eventually customize LD contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Leyland
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Aliza Zarka
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Shoshana Didi-Cohen
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
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16
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Shang C, Qiao J, Guo H. The dynamic behavior of lipid droplets in the pre-metastatic niche. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:990. [PMID: 33203856 PMCID: PMC7672095 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pre-metastatic niche is a favorable microenvironment for the colonization of metastatic tumor cells in specific distant organs. Lipid droplets (LDs, also known as lipid bodies or adiposomes) have increasingly been recognized as lipid-rich, functionally dynamic organelles within tumor cells, immune cells, and other stromal cells that are linked to diverse biological functions and human diseases. Moreover, in recent years, several studies have described the indispensable role of LDs in the development of pre-metastatic niches. This review discusses current evidence related to the biogenesis, composition, and functions of LDs related to the following characteristics of the pre-metastatic niche: immunosuppression, inflammation, angiogenesis/vascular permeability, lymphangiogenesis, organotropism, reprogramming. We also address the function of LDs in mediating pre-metastatic niche formation. The potential of LDs as markers and targets for novel antimetastatic therapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China.
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17
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Huang J, Chen X, Zhang F, Lin M, Lin G, Zhang Z. Lipid Droplet Metabolism Across Eukaryotes: Evidence from Yeast to Humans. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020050026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Nery N, Setúbal S, Boeno C, Lopes J, Paloschi M, Pontes A, Luna K, Zuliani J. Bothrops erythromelas venom and its action on isolated murine macrophages. Toxicon 2020; 185:156-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Eosinophils and Neutrophils-Molecular Differences Revealed by Spontaneous Raman, CARS and Fluorescence Microscopy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092041. [PMID: 32906767 PMCID: PMC7563840 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes are a part of the immune system that plays an important role in the host’s defense against viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Among the human leukocytes, two granulocytes, neutrophils (Ne) and eosinophils (EOS) play an important role in the innate immune system. For that purpose, eosinophils and neutrophils contain specific granules containing protoporphyrin-type proteins such as eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), respectively, which contribute directly to their anti-infection activity. Since both proteins are structurally and functionally different, they could potentially be a marker of both cells’ types. To prove this hypothesis, UV−Vis absorption spectroscopy and Raman imaging were applied to analyze EPO and MPO and their content in leukocytes isolated from the whole blood. Moreover, leukocytes can contain lipidic structures, called lipid bodies (LBs), which are linked to the regulation of immune responses and are considered to be a marker of cell inflammation. In this work, we showed how to determine the number of LBs in two types of granulocytes, EOS and Ne, using fluorescence and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. Spectroscopic differences of EPO and MPO can be used to identify these cells in blood samples, while the detection of LBs can indicate the cell inflammation process.
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20
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Coleman RA. The "discovery" of lipid droplets: A brief history of organelles hidden in plain sight. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158762. [PMID: 32622088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs), first described as early as the 1880s, were virtually ignored for more than 100 years. Between 1991 and the early 2000s, however, a series of discoveries and conceptual breakthroughs led to a resurgent interest in obesity as a disease, in the metabolism of intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG), and in the physical locations of LDs as cellular structures with their associated proteins. Insights included the recognition that obesity underlies major chronic diseases, that appetite is hormonally controlled, that hepatic steatosis is not a benign finding, and that diabetes might fundamentally be a disorder of lipid metabolism. In this brief review, I describe the metamorphosis of LDs from overlooked globs of stored fat to dynamic organelles that control insulin resistance, mitochondrial oxidation, and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America.
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21
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Roque NR, Lage SL, Navarro R, Fazolini N, Maya-Monteiro CM, Rietdorf J, Melo RCN, D'Avila H, Bozza PT. Rab7 controls lipid droplet-phagosome association during mycobacterial infection. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158703. [PMID: 32229179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that have multiple roles in inflammatory and infectious diseases. LD act as essential platforms for immunometabolic regulation, including as sites for lipid storage and metabolism, inflammatory lipid mediator production, and signaling pathway compartmentalization. Accumulating evidence indicates that intracellular pathogens may exploit host LDs as source of nutrients and as part of their strategy to promote immune evasion. Notably, numerous studies have demonstrated the interaction between LDs and pathogen-containing phagosomes. However, the mechanism involved in this phenomenon remains elusive. Here, we observed LDs and PLIN2 surrounding M. bovis BCG-containing phagosomes, which included observations of a bacillus cell surrounded by lipid content inside a phagosome and LAM from mycobacteria co-localizing with LDs; these results were suggestive of exchange of contents between these compartments. By using beads coated with M.tb lipids, we demonstrated that LD-phagosome associations are regulated through the mycobacterial cell wall components LAM and PIM. In addition, we demonstrated that Rab7 and RILP, but not Rab5, localizes to LDs of infected macrophages and observed the presence of Rab7 at the site of interaction with an infected phagosome. Moreover, treatment of macrophages with the Rab7 inhibitor CID1067700 significantly inhibited the association between LDs and LAM-coated beads. Altogether, our data demonstrate that LD-phagosome interactions are controlled by mycobacterial cell wall components and Rab7, which enables the exchange of contents between LDs and phagosomes and may represent a fundamental aspect of bacterial pathogenesis and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia R Roque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvia L Lage
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberta Navarro
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Narayana Fazolini
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clarissa M Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jens Rietdorf
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, CDTS, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil
| | - Heloisa D'Avila
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil.
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22
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Chen F, Yin Y, Chua BT, Li P. CIDE family proteins control lipid homeostasis and the development of metabolic diseases. Traffic 2019; 21:94-105. [PMID: 31746121 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Jung Chen
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yesheng Yin
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Boon Tin Chua
- Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, the Human Phenome InstituteFudan University, and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
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23
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Liu Q, Zhou Z, Liu P, Zhang S. Comparative proteomic study of liver lipid droplets and mitochondria in mice housed at different temperatures. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2118-2138. [PMID: 31234227 PMCID: PMC6771624 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory mice are standardly housed at around 23 °C, setting them under chronic cold stress. Metabolic changes in the liver in mice housed at thermoneutral, standard and cold temperatures remain unknown. In the present study, we isolated lipid droplets and mitochondria from their livers in a comparative proteomic study aiming to investigate the changes. According to proteomic analysis, mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and retinol metabolism are enhanced, whereas oxidative phosphorylation is not affected obviously under cold conditions, suggesting that liver mitochondria may increase TCA cycle capacity in biosynthetic pathways, as well as retinol metabolism, to help the liver to adapt. Based on proteomic and immunoblotting results, perilipin 5 and major urinary proteins are increased significantly, whereas mitochondrial pyruvate carrier is decreased dramatically under cold conditions, indicating their involvement in liver adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ziyun Zhou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Rygula A, Fernandes RF, Grosicki M, Kukla B, Leszczenko P, Augustynska D, Cernescu A, Dorosz A, Malek K, Baranska M. Raman imaging highlights biochemical heterogeneity of human eosinophils versus human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:685-694. [PMID: 31134616 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are acidophilic granulocytes that develop in the bone marrow. Although their population contributes only to approximately 1-6% of all leucocytes present in the human blood, they possess a wide range of specific functions. They play a key role in inflammation-regulating processes, when their numbers can increased to above 5 × 109 /l of peripheral blood. Their characteristic feature is the presence of granules containing eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), the release of which can trigger a cascade of events promoting oxidative stress, apoptosis or necrosis, leading finally to cell death. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique to detect EPO, which comprises a chromophore protoporphyrin IX. Another cell structure associated with inflammation processes are lipid bodies (lipid-rich organelles), also well recognized and imaged using high resolution confocal Raman spectroscopy. In this work, eosinophils isolated from the blood of a human donor were analysed versus their model, EoL-1 human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line, by Raman spectroscopic imaging. We showed that EPO was present only in primary cells and not found in the cell line. Eosinophils were activated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which resulted in lipid bodies formation. An effect of cells stimulation was studied and compared for eosinophils and EoL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rygula
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafaella F Fernandes
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Grosicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bozena Kukla
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Dominika Augustynska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Dorosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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25
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Pereira-Dutra FS, Teixeira L, de Souza Costa MF, Bozza PT. Fat, fight, and beyond: The multiple roles of lipid droplets in infections and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:563-580. [PMID: 31121077 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0119-035r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) in host nonadipose cells is commonly observed in response to numerous infectious diseases, including bacterial, parasite, and fungal infections. LDs are lipid-enriched, dynamic organelles composed of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids associated with a diverse array of proteins that are cell and stimulus regulated. Far beyond being simply a deposit of neutral lipids, LDs have come to be seen as an essential platform for various cellular processes, including metabolic regulation, cell signaling, and the immune response. LD participation in the immune response occurs as sites for compartmentalization of several immunometabolic signaling pathways, production of inflammatory lipid mediators, and regulation of antigen presentation. Infection-driven LD biogenesis is a complexly regulated process that involves innate immune receptors, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, increased lipid uptake, and new lipid synthesis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that intracellular pathogens are able to exploit LDs as an energy source, a replication site, and/or a mechanism of immune response evasion. Nevertheless, LDs can also act in favor of the host as part of the immune and inflammatory response to pathogens. Here, we review recent findings that explored the new roles of LDs in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe S Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Currall BB, Chen M, Sallari RC, Cotter M, Wong KE, Robertson NG, Penney KL, Lunardi A, Reschke M, Hickox AE, Yin Y, Wong GT, Fung J, Brown KK, Williamson RE, Sinnott-Armstrong NA, Kammin T, Ivanov A, Zepeda-Mendoza CJ, Shen J, Quade BJ, Signoretti S, Arnos KS, Banks AS, Patsopoulos N, Liberman MC, Kellis M, Pandolfi PP, Morton CC. Loss of LDAH associated with prostate cancer and hearing loss. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:4194-4203. [PMID: 30169630 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Great strides in gene discovery have been made using a multitude of methods to associate phenotypes with genetic variants, but there still remains a substantial gap between observed symptoms and identified genetic defects. Herein, we use the convergence of various genetic and genomic techniques to investigate the underpinnings of a constellation of phenotypes that include prostate cancer (PCa) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in a human subject. Through interrogation of the subject's de novo, germline, balanced chromosomal translocation, we first identify a correlation between his disorders and a poorly annotated gene known as lipid droplet associated hydrolase (LDAH). Using data repositories of both germline and somatic variants, we identify convergent genomic evidence that substantiates a correlation between loss of LDAH and PCa. This correlation is validated through both in vitro and in vivo models that show loss of LDAH results in increased risk of PCa and, to a lesser extent, SNHL. By leveraging convergent evidence in emerging genomic data, we hypothesize that loss of LDAH is involved in PCa and other phenotypes observed in support of a genotype-phenotype association in an n-of-one human subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Currall
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard C Sallari
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maura Cotter
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen E Wong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nahid G Robertson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Lunardi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Reschke
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann E Hickox
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanbo Yin
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Garrett T Wong
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Fung
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerry K Brown
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A Sinnott-Armstrong
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tammy Kammin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Ivanov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cinthya J Zepeda-Mendoza
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School Center for Hereditary Deafness, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley J Quade
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen S Arnos
- Department of Science, Technology, & Mathematics, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Patsopoulos
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Charles Liberman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School Center for Hereditary Deafness, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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27
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Cell Cycle Progression Regulates Biogenesis and Cellular Localization of Lipid Droplets. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00374-18. [PMID: 30782775 PMCID: PMC6469922 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00374-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular lipid accumulation has been associated with a poor prognosis in cancer. We have previously reported the involvement of lipid droplets in cell proliferation in colon cancer cells, suggesting a role for these organelles in cancer development. Intracellular lipid accumulation has been associated with a poor prognosis in cancer. We have previously reported the involvement of lipid droplets in cell proliferation in colon cancer cells, suggesting a role for these organelles in cancer development. In this study, we evaluate the role of lipid droplets in cell cycle regulation and cellular transformation. Cell cycle synchronization of NIH 3T3 cells revealed increased numbers and dispersed distribution of lipid droplets specifically during S phase. Also, the transformed cell lineage NIH 3T3-H-rasV12 showed an accumulation of both lipid droplets and PLIN2 protein above the levels in NIH 3T3 cells. PLIN2 gene overexpression, however, was not able to induce NIH 3T3 cell transformation, disproving the hypothesis that PLIN2 is an oncogene. Furthermore, positive PLIN2 staining was strongly associated with highly proliferative Ki-67-positive areas in human colon adenocarcinoma tissue samples. Taken together, these results indicate that cell cycle progression is associated with tight regulation of lipid droplets, a process that is altered in transformed cells, suggesting the existence of a mechanism that connects cell cycle progression and cell proliferation with lipid accumulation.
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28
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29
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Zhang C, Liu P. The New Face of the Lipid Droplet: Lipid Droplet Proteins. Proteomics 2018; 19:e1700223. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Zhang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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30
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Liu Y, Xu S, Zhang C, Zhu X, Hammad MA, Zhang X, Christian M, Zhang H, Liu P. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase family proteins on lipid droplets through bacteria, C. elegans, and mammals. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:881-894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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31
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Kramer DA, Quiroga AD, Lian J, Fahlman RP, Lehner R. Fasting and refeeding induces changes in the mouse hepatic lipid droplet proteome. J Proteomics 2018; 181:213-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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Abstract
A portfolio is presented documenting economic, high-resolution correlative focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) in routine, comprising: (i) the use of custom-labeled slides and coverslips, (ii) embedding of cells in thin, or ultra-thin resin layers for correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) and (iii) the claim to reach the highest resolution possible with FIB/SEM in xyz. Regions of interest (ROIs) defined in light microscope (LM), can be relocated quickly and precisely in SEM. As proof of principle, HeLa cells were investigated in 3D context at all stages of the cell cycle, documenting ultrastructural changes during mitosis: nuclear envelope breakdown and reassembly, Golgi degradation and reconstitution and the formation of the midzone and midbody.
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33
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Vallochi AL, Teixeira L, Oliveira KDS, Maya-Monteiro CM, Bozza PT. Lipid Droplet, a Key Player in Host-Parasite Interactions. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1022. [PMID: 29875768 PMCID: PMC5974170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (lipid bodies, LDs) are dynamic organelles that have important roles in regulating lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and inflammation. LD biogenesis, composition, and functions are highly regulated and may vary according to the stimuli, cell type, activation state, and inflammatory environment. Increased cytoplasmic LDs are frequently observed in leukocytes and other cells in a number of infectious diseases. Accumulating evidence reveals LDs participation in fundamental mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions, including cell signaling and immunity. LDs are sources of eicosanoid production, and may participate in different aspects of innate signaling and antigen presentation. In addition, intracellular pathogens evolved mechanisms to subvert host metabolism and may use host LDs, as ways of immune evasion and nutrients source. Here, we review mechanisms of LDs biogenesis and their contributions to the infection progress, and discuss the latest discoveries on mechanisms and pathways involving LDs roles as regulators of the immune response to protozoan infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lima Vallochi
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Patricia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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34
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den Brok MH, Raaijmakers TK, Collado-Camps E, Adema GJ. Lipid Droplets as Immune Modulators in Myeloid Cells. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:380-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Xu S, Zhang X, Liu P. Lipid droplet proteins and metabolic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1968-1983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Nouri A, Nait Mohamed FA, Laraba-Djebari F. New and safe formulation for scorpion immunotherapy: Comparative study between saponin and FCA adjuvants associated to attenuated venom. Vaccine 2018; 36:1720-1727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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37
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Moreira D, Estaquier J, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Silvestre R. Metabolic Crosstalk Between Host and Parasitic Pathogens. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 109:421-458. [PMID: 30535608 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74932-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A complex network that embraces parasite-host intrinsic factors and the microenvironment regulated the interaction between a parasite and its host. Nutritional pressures exerted by both elements of this duet thus dictate this host-parasite niche. To survive and proliferate inside a host and a harsh nutritional environment, the parasites modulate different nutrient sensing pathways to subvert host metabolic pathways. Such mechanism is able to change the flux of distinct nutrients/metabolites diverting them to be used by the parasites. Apart from this nutritional strategy, the scavenging of nutrients, particularly host fatty acids, constitutes a critical mechanism to fulfil parasite nutritional requirements, ultimately defining the host metabolic landscape. The host metabolic alterations that result from host-parasite metabolic coupling can certainly be considered important targets to improve diagnosis and also for the development of future therapies. Metabolism is in fact considered a key element within this complex interaction, its modulation being crucial to dictate the final infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigacão e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Bioloógicas, Faculdade de Farmaácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jérôme Estaquier
- CNRS FR 3636, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigacão e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Bioloógicas, Faculdade de Farmaácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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38
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Peña Cárcamo JR, Morell ML, Vázquez CA, Vatansever S, Upadhyay AS, Överby AK, Cordo SM, García CC. The interplay between viperin antiviral activity, lipid droplets and Junín mammarenavirus multiplication. Virology 2018; 514:216-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Inloes JM, Kiosses WB, Wang H, Walther TC, Farese RV, Cravatt BF. Functional Contribution of the Spastic Paraplegia-Related Triglyceride Hydrolase DDHD2 to the Formation and Content of Lipid Droplets. Biochemistry 2017; 57:827-838. [PMID: 29278326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious mutations in the serine lipase DDHD2 are a causative basis of complex hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP, subtype SPG54) in humans. We recently found that DDHD2 is a principal triglyceride hydrolase in the central nervous system (CNS) and that genetic deletion of this enzyme in mice leads to ectopic lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in neurons throughout the brain. Nonetheless, how HSP-related mutations in DDHD2 relate to triglyceride metabolism and LD formation remains poorly understood. Here, we have characterized a set of HSP-related mutations in DDHD2 and found that they disrupt triglyceride hydrolase activity in vitro and impair the capacity of DDHD2 to protect cells from LD accumulation following exposure to free fatty acid, an outcome that was also observed with a DDHD2-selective inhibitor. We furthermore isolated and characterized LDs from brain tissue of DDHD2-/- mice, revealing that they contain both established LD-associated proteins identified previously in other organs and CNS-enriched proteins, including several proteins with genetic links to human neurological disease. These data, taken together, indicate that the genetic inactivation of DDHD2, as caused by HSP-associated mutations, substantially perturbs lipid homeostasis and the formation and content of LDs, underscoring the importance of triglyceride metabolism for normal CNS function and the key role that DDHD2 plays in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon M Inloes
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - William B Kiosses
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Huajin Wang
- University Libraries, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Robert V Farese
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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40
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Expression of the bitter receptor T2R38 in pancreatic cancer: localization in lipid droplets and activation by a bacteria-derived quorum-sensing molecule. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12623-32. [PMID: 26862855 PMCID: PMC4914309 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T2R38 belongs to the family of bitter receptors and was initially detected in cells of the oral cavity. We now describe expression of T2R38 in tumor cells in patients with pancreatic cancer and in tumor-derived cell lines. T2R38 is localized predominantly intracellular in association with lipid droplets, particularly with the lipid droplet membrane. The receptor can be activated by the bona fide ligand for T2R38, phenylthiourea (PTU), and by N-acetyl-dodecanoyl homoserine (AHL-12), a quorum sensing molecule of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the latter is the only known natural ligand for T2R38. In response to PTU or AHL-12, key transcription factors are activated including phosphorylation of the MAP kinases p38 and ERK1/2, and upregulation of NFATc1. Moreover, we found increased expression of the multi-drug resistance protein 1 (also known as ABCB1), a transmembrane transporter molecule, participating in shuttling of a plethora of drugs, such as chemotherapeutics or antibiotics. In conclusion, our data indicate a new, additional function of the taste receptor T2R38 beyond sensing ‘bitter’. Moreover, because T2R38 can be stimulated by a bacteria-derived signaling molecule the receptor could link microbiota and cancer.
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41
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Riederer M, Lechleitner M, Köfeler H, Frank S. Reduced expression of adipose triglyceride lipase decreases arachidonic acid release and prostacyclin secretion in human aortic endothelial cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:249-253. [PMID: 28368219 PMCID: PMC5942144 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1309052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial cells represent an important source of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived mediators involved in the generation of anti- or proatherogenic environments. Evidence emerged (in mast cells), that in addition to phospholipases, neutral lipid hydrolases as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) also participate in this process. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of ATGL on AA-release from cellular phospholipids (PL) and on prostacyclin secretion in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). METHODS AND RESULTS siRNA-mediated silencing of ATGL promoted lipid droplet formation and TG accumulation in HAEC (nile red stain). ATGL knockdown decreased the basal and A23187 (calcium ionophore)-induced release of 14C-AA from (14C-AA-labeled) HAEC. In A23187-stimulated ATGL silenced cells, this was accompanied by a decreased content of 14C-AA in cellular PL and a decreased secretion of prostacyclin (determined by 6-keto PGF1α EIA). CONCLUSIONS In vascular endothelial cells, the efficiency of stimulus-induced AA release and prostacyclin secretion is dependent on ATGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Riederer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, Graz, Austria
- CONTACT Monika Riederer
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Center for Medical Research, Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Saša FrankInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010Graz, Austria
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42
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Zhang C, Liu P. The lipid droplet: A conserved cellular organelle. Protein Cell 2017; 8:796-800. [PMID: 28913786 PMCID: PMC5676593 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid droplet (LD) is a unique multi-functional organelle that contains a neutral lipid core covered with a phospholipid monolayer membrane. The LDs have been found in almost all organisms from bacteria to humans with similar shape. Several conserved functions of LDs have been revealed by recent studies, including lipid metabolism and trafficking, as well as nucleic acid binding and protection. We summarized these findings and proposed a hypothesis that the LD is a conserved organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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43
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Zhang C, Yang L, Ding Y, Wang Y, Lan L, Ma Q, Chi X, Wei P, Zhao Y, Steinbüchel A, Zhang H, Liu P. Bacterial lipid droplets bind to DNA via an intermediary protein that enhances survival under stress. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15979. [PMID: 28681845 PMCID: PMC5504291 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are multi-functional organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer, and exist in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. Here we study the functions of LDs in the oleaginous bacterium Rhodococcus jostii. We show that these LDs bind to genomic DNA through the major LD protein, MLDS, which increases survival rate of the bacterial cells under nutritional and genotoxic stress. MLDS expression is regulated by a transcriptional regulator, MLDSR, that binds to the operator and promoter of the operon encoding both proteins. LDs sequester MLDSR, controlling its availability for transcriptional regulation. Our findings support the idea that bacterial LDs can regulate nucleic acid function and facilitate bacterial survival under stress. The MLDS protein is a major component of lipid droplets (LDs) in oleaginous bacteria. Here, Zhang et al. show that LDs bind to genomic DNA via MLDS, which enhances bacterial survival under certain stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunfeng Ding
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lan Lan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qin Ma
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiang Chi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 3, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Environmental Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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44
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Onal G, Kutlu O, Gozuacik D, Dokmeci Emre S. Lipid Droplets in Health and Disease. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:128. [PMID: 28662670 PMCID: PMC5492776 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are essential building blocks synthesized by complex molecular pathways and deposited as lipid droplets (LDs) in cells. LDs are evolutionary conserved organelles found in almost all organisms, from bacteria to mammals. They are composed of a hydrophobic neutral lipid core surrounding by a phospholipid monolayer membrane with various decorating proteins. Degradation of LDs provide metabolic energy for divergent cellular processes such as membrane synthesis and molecular signaling. Lipolysis and autophagy are two main catabolic pathways of LDs, which regulate lipid metabolism and, thereby, closely engaged in many pathological conditons. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current knowledge on the structural properties and the biogenesis of LDs. We further focus on the recent findings of their catabolic mechanism by lipolysis and autophagy as well as their connection ragarding the regulation and function. Moreover, we discuss the relevance of LDs and their catabolism-dependent pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Onal
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kutlu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM) & Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program & Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Dokmeci Emre
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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45
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Verbrugge SE, Al M, Assaraf YG, Kammerer S, Chandrupatla DMSH, Honeywell R, Musters RPJ, Giovannetti E, O'Toole T, Scheffer GL, Krige D, de Gruijl TD, Niessen HWM, Lems WF, Kramer PA, Scheper RJ, Cloos J, Ossenkoppele GJ, Peters GJ, Jansen G. Multifactorial resistance to aminopeptidase inhibitor prodrug CHR2863 in myeloid leukemia cells: down-regulation of carboxylesterase 1, drug sequestration in lipid droplets and pro-survival activation ERK/Akt/mTOR. Oncotarget 2017; 7:5240-57. [PMID: 26496029 PMCID: PMC4868683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminopeptidase inhibitors are receiving attention as combination chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of refractory acute myeloid leukemia. However, the factors determining therapeutic efficacy remain elusive. Here we identified the molecular basis of acquired resistance to CHR2863, an orally available hydrophobic aminopeptidase inhibitor prodrug with an esterase-sensitive motif, in myeloid leukemia cells. CHR2863 enters cells by diffusion and is retained therein upon esterase activity-mediated conversion to its hydrophilic active metabolite drug CHR6768, thereby exerting amino acid depletion. Carboxylesterases (CES) serve as candidate prodrug activating enzymes given CES1 expression in acute myeloid leukemia specimens. We established two novel myeloid leukemia sublines U937/CHR2863(200) and U937/CHR2863(5uM), with low (14-fold) and high level (270-fold) CHR2863 resistance. The latter drug resistant cells displayed: (i) complete loss of CES1-mediated drug activation associated with down-regulation of CES1 mRNA and protein, (ii) marked retention/sequestration of the prodrug, (iii) a substantial increase in intracellular lipid droplets, and (iv) a dominant activation of the pro-survival Akt/mTOR pathway. Remarkably, the latter feature coincided with a gain of sensitivity to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. These finding delineate the molecular basis of CHR2863 resistance and offer a novel modality to overcome this drug resistance in myeloid leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ellen Verbrugge
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Clinical Chemistry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon Al
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowsky Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarah Kammerer
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Present address: Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Durga M S H Chandrupatla
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Honeywell
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene P J Musters
- Department of Physiology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom O'Toole
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George L Scheffer
- Departments of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Krige
- Chroma Therapeutics Ltd, Abingdon, United Kingdom.,Present address: Immunocore Ltd, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Departments of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem F Lems
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rik J Scheper
- Departments of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The size matters: regulation of lipid storage by lipid droplet dynamics. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 60:46-56. [PMID: 27981432 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adequate energy storage is essential for sustaining healthy life. Lipid droplet (LD) is the subcellular organelle that stores energy in the form of neutral lipids and releases fatty acids under energy deficient conditions. Energy storage capacity of LDs is primarily dependent on the sizes of LDs. Enlargement and growth of LDs is controlled by two molecular pathways: neutral lipid synthesis and atypical LD fusion. Shrinkage of LDs is mediated by the degradation of neutral lipids under energy demanding conditions and is controlled by neutral cytosolic lipases and lysosomal acidic lipases. In this review, we summarize recent progress regarding the regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms that control the sizes and the energy storage capacity of LDs.
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den Brok MH, Büll C, Wassink M, de Graaf AM, Wagenaars JA, Minderman M, Thakur M, Amigorena S, Rijke EO, Schrier CC, Adema GJ. Saponin-based adjuvants induce cross-presentation in dendritic cells by intracellular lipid body formation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13324. [PMID: 27819292 PMCID: PMC5103066 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponin-based adjuvants (SBAs) are being used in animal and human (cancer) vaccines, as they induce protective cellular immunity. Their adjuvant potency is a factor of inflammasome activation and enhanced antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells (DCs), but how antigen cross-presentation is induced is not clear. Here we show that SBAs uniquely induce intracellular lipid bodies (LBs) in the CD11b+ DC subset in vitro and in vivo. Using genetic and pharmacological interference in models for vaccination and in situ tumour ablation, we demonstrate that LB induction is causally related to the saponin-dependent increase in cross-presentation and T-cell activation. These findings link adjuvant activity to LB formation, aid the application of SBAs as a cancer vaccine component, and will stimulate development of new adjuvants enhancing T-cell-mediated immunity. Saponin-based adjuvants are being explored as vaccine components as they induce high levels of antigen cross-presentation, but it is unknown how. Here the authors show that these adjuvants enhance cross-presentation by driving production of lipid bodies inside CD11b dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn H den Brok
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud UMC, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Wassink
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M de Graaf
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jori A Wagenaars
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marthe Minderman
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mayank Thakur
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Amigorena
- INSERM, Institut Curie, Section Recherche, Rue d'Ulm 26, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eric O Rijke
- MSD Animal Health, Wim de Korverstraat 35, 5831 AN Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Schrier
- MSD Animal Health, Wim de Korverstraat 35, 5831 AN Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Honvo-Houéto E, Henry C, Chat S, Layani S, Truchet S. The endoplasmic reticulum and casein-containing vesicles contribute to milk fat globule membrane. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2946-64. [PMID: 27535430 PMCID: PMC5042581 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum and the secretory vesicles contribute to the formation of the milk fat globule membrane. In addition, lipid raft microdomains may play a role in the transport and/or secretion of the milk fat globule, and SNARE proteins appear to coordinate membrane exchanges during milk product secretion. During lactation, mammary epithelial cells secrete huge amounts of milk from their apical side. The current view is that caseins are secreted by exocytosis, whereas milk fat globules are released by budding, enwrapped by the plasma membrane. Owing to the number and large size of milk fat globules, the membrane surface needed for their release might exceed that of the apical plasma membrane. A large-scale proteomics analysis of both cytoplasmic lipid droplets and secreted milk fat globule membranes was used to decipher the cellular origins of the milk fat globule membrane. Surprisingly, differential analysis of protein profiles of these two organelles strongly suggest that, in addition to the plasma membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum and the secretory vesicles contribute to the milk fat globule membrane. Analysis of membrane-associated and raft microdomain proteins reinforces this possibility and also points to a role for lipid rafts in milk product secretion. Our results provide evidence for a significant contribution of the endoplasmic reticulum to the milk fat globule membrane and a role for SNAREs in membrane dynamics during milk secretion. These novel aspects point to a more complex model for milk secretion than currently envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Honvo-Houéto
- INRA, UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | - Céline Henry
- INRA, UMR1319, MICALIS, PAPPSO, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Chat
- INRA, UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Layani
- INRA, UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Truchet
- INRA, UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
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Soayfane Z, Tercé F, Cantiello M, Robenek H, Nauze M, Bézirard V, Allart S, Payré B, Capilla F, Cartier C, Peres C, Al Saati T, Théodorou V, Nelson DW, Yen CLE, Collet X, Coméra C. Exposure to dietary lipid leads to rapid production of cytosolic lipid droplets near the brush border membrane. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:48. [PMID: 27478484 PMCID: PMC4965885 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal absorption of dietary lipids involves their hydrolysis in the lumen of proximal intestine as well as uptake, intracellular transport and re-assembly of hydrolyzed lipids in enterocytes, leading to the formation and secretion of the lipoproteins chylomicrons and HDL. In this study, we examined the potential involvement of cytosolic lipid droplets (CLD) whose function in the process of lipid absorption is poorly understood. Methods Intestinal lipid absorption was studied in mouse after gavage. Three populations of CLD were purified by density ultracentrifugations, as well as the brush border membranes, which were analyzed by western-blots. Immunofluorescent localization of membranes transporters or metabolic enzymes, as well as kinetics of CLD production, were also studied in intestine or Caco-2 cells. Results We isolated three populations of CLD (ranging from 15 to 1000 nm) which showed differential expression of the major lipid transporters scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD-36), Niemann Pick C-like 1 (NPC1L1), and the ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCG5/G8 but also caveolin 2 and fatty acid binding proteins. The enzyme monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (MGAT2) was identified in the brush border membrane (BBM) in addition to the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting local synthesis of triglycerides and CLD at both places. Conclusions We show a very fast production of CLD by enterocytes associated with a transfer of apical constituents as lipid transporters. Our findings suggest that following their uptake by enterocytes, lipids can be partially metabolized at the BBM and packaged into CLD for their transportation to the ER. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0107-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Soayfane
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, UMR 1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000 France
| | - François Tercé
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, UMR 1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000 France
| | - Michela Cantiello
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, UMR 1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000 France
| | - Horst Robenek
- Leibniz-Institut für Arterioskleroseforschung, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michel Nauze
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, UMR 1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000 France
| | - Valérie Bézirard
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INP-Purpan, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, 31027 Toulouse, cedex 3, France
| | - Sophie Allart
- INSERM UMR 1043 (INSERM/UPS/CNRS/USC Inra), CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Payré
- CMEAB, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Capilla
- INSERM/UPS - US006/CREFRE, Service d'Histopathologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Cartier
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INP-Purpan, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, 31027 Toulouse, cedex 3, France
| | - Christine Peres
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, UMR 1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000 France
| | - Talal Al Saati
- INSERM/UPS - US006/CREFRE, Service d'Histopathologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Vassilia Théodorou
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INP-Purpan, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, 31027 Toulouse, cedex 3, France
| | - David W Nelson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Chi-Liang Eric Yen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Xavier Collet
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, UMR 1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000 France
| | - Christine Coméra
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC, UMR 1048, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000 France.,UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INP-Purpan, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, 31027 Toulouse, cedex 3, France
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50
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Chen Y, Frost S, Byrne JA. Dropping in on the lipid droplet- tumor protein D52 (TPD52) as a new regulator and resident protein. Adipocyte 2016; 5:326-32. [PMID: 27617178 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1148835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are essential for both the storage and retrieval of excess cellular nutrients, and their biology is regulated by a diverse range of cellular proteins, some of which function at the lipid droplet. Numerous studies have characterized lipid droplet proteomes in different organisms and cell types, and RNAi whole genome screening studies have examined the genetic regulation of lipid storage in C. elegans and D. melanogaster. While tumor protein D52 (TPD52) did not emerge from earlier studies as a strong candidate, exogenous expression of human TPD52 in cultured cells resulted in significantly increased numbers of lipid droplets, and oleic acid supplementation increased TPD52 detection at both lipid droplets and the Golgi apparatus. These results suggest that direct testing of proteins that are infrequently but recurrently identified in proteomic and RNAi screening studies may identify novel lipid droplet regulators. While the analysis of these possibly lower-abundance or itinerant lipid droplet proteins may be more technically challenging, such proteins could facilitate a more detailed interrogation of emerging aspects of lipid droplet biology.
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