1
|
Langan EA. Prolactin: A Mammalian Stress Hormone and Its Role in Cutaneous Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7100. [PMID: 39000207 PMCID: PMC11241005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The hormone prolactin (PRL) is best recognised for its indispensable role in mammalian biology, specifically the regulation of lactation. Bearing in mind that the mammary gland is a modified sweat gland, it is perhaps unsurprising to discover that PRL also plays a significant role in cutaneous biology and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of skin diseases, often those reportedly triggered and/or exacerbated by psychological stress. Given that PRL has been implicated in over 300 biological processes, spanning reproduction and hair growth and thermo- to immunoregulation, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between PRL and the skin remains frustratingly elusive. In an historical curiosity, the first hint that PRL could affect skin biology came from the observation of seborrhoea in patients with post-encephalitic Parkinsonism as a result of another global pandemic, encephalitis lethargica, at the beginning of the last century. As PRL is now being postulated as a potential immunomodulator for COVID-19 infection, it is perhaps timeous to re-examine this pluripotent hormone with cytokine-like properties in the cutaneous context, drawing together our understanding of the role of PRL in skin disease to illustrate how targeting PRL-mediated signalling may represent a novel strategy to treat a range of skin diseases and hair disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A Langan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ascsillán AA, Kemény LV. The Skin-Brain Axis: From UV and Pigmentation to Behaviour Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6199. [PMID: 38892387 PMCID: PMC11172643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin-brain axis has been suggested to play a role in several pathophysiological conditions, including opioid addiction, Parkinson's disease and many others. Recent evidence suggests that pathways regulating skin pigmentation may directly and indirectly regulate behaviour. Conversely, CNS-driven neural and hormonal responses have been demonstrated to regulate pigmentation, e.g., under stress. Additionally, due to the shared neuroectodermal origins of the melanocytes and neurons in the CNS, certain CNS diseases may be linked to pigmentation-related changes due to common regulators, e.g., MC1R variations. Furthermore, the HPA analogue of the skin connects skin pigmentation to the endocrine system, thereby allowing the skin to index possible hormonal abnormalities visibly. In this review, insight is provided into skin pigment production and neuromelanin synthesis in the brain and recent findings are summarised on how signalling pathways in the skin, with a particular focus on pigmentation, are interconnected with the central nervous system. Thus, this review may supply a better understanding of the mechanism of several skin-brain associations in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Ascsillán
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lajos V. Kemény
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gan HW, Cerbone M, Dattani MT. Appetite- and Weight-Regulating Neuroendocrine Circuitry in Hypothalamic Obesity. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:309-342. [PMID: 38019584 PMCID: PMC11074800 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Since hypothalamic obesity (HyOb) was first described over 120 years ago by Joseph Babinski and Alfred Fröhlich, advances in molecular genetic laboratory techniques have allowed us to elucidate various components of the intricate neurocircuitry governing appetite and weight regulation connecting the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, brainstem, adipose tissue, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. On a background of an increasing prevalence of population-level common obesity, the number of survivors of congenital (eg, septo-optic dysplasia, Prader-Willi syndrome) and acquired (eg, central nervous system tumors) hypothalamic disorders is increasing, thanks to earlier diagnosis and management as well as better oncological therapies. Although to date the discovery of several appetite-regulating peptides has led to the development of a range of targeted molecular therapies for monogenic obesity syndromes, outside of these disorders these discoveries have not translated into the development of efficacious treatments for other forms of HyOb. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the neuroendocrine physiology of appetite and weight regulation, and explore our current understanding of the pathophysiology of HyOb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoong-Wei Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Manuela Cerbone
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mehul Tulsidas Dattani
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coutant K, Magne B, Ferland K, Fuentes-Rodriguez A, Chancy O, Mitchell A, Germain L, Landreville S. Melanocytes in regenerative medicine applications and disease modeling. J Transl Med 2024; 22:336. [PMID: 38589876 PMCID: PMC11003097 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes are dendritic cells localized in skin, eyes, hair follicles, ears, heart and central nervous system. They are characterized by the presence of melanosomes enriched in melanin which are responsible for skin, eye and hair pigmentation. They also have different functions in photoprotection, immunity and sound perception. Melanocyte dysfunction can cause pigmentary disorders, hearing and vision impairments or increased cancer susceptibility. This review focuses on the role of melanocytes in homeostasis and disease, before discussing their potential in regenerative medicine applications, such as for disease modeling, drug testing or therapy development using stem cell technologies, tissue engineering and extracellular vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Coutant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Brice Magne
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Karel Ferland
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Fuentes-Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Chancy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Solange Landreville
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Trisnawaty S, Gunadi JW, Ratnawati H, Lesmana R. Carotenoids in red fruit ( Pandanus conoideus Lam.) have a potential role as an anti‑pigmentation agent (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:54. [PMID: 38357234 PMCID: PMC10865171 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a persistent condition characterized by excessive melanin production in the skin. The management of melasma necessitates a protracted treatment duration, which is associated with diminished levels of patient satisfaction. One effective strategy for mitigating occurrence of melasma is consumption of nutricosmetics with depigmentation properties. The present review aimed to investigate the potential of red fruit as a depigmentation agent. Carotenoids serve a crucial role in human nutrition as a precursor to vitamin A. Carotenoids serve as scavengers of reactive oxygen species generated by ultraviolet radiation. Carotenoids promote skin health. Red fruit, a fruit originating from Papua (Indonesia) has anti-pigmentation properties associated with its ability to block melanogenesis through various protein pathways such as PKA, ERK, and AKT signaling pathways. The consumption of food rich in carotenoids, such as red fruit, has advantageous properties to reduce hyperpigmentation and skin brightening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Trisnawaty
- Master Program of Skin Ageing and Aesthetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
| | - Julia Windi Gunadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
- Maranatha Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
| | - Hana Ratnawati
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Robinson CD, Hale MD, Wittman TN, Cox CL, John-Alder HB, Cox RM. Species differences in hormonally mediated gene expression underlie the evolutionary loss of sexually dimorphic coloration in Sceloporus lizards. J Hered 2023; 114:637-653. [PMID: 37498153 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic sexual dimorphism often involves the hormonal regulation of sex-biased expression for underlying genes. However, it is generally unknown whether the evolution of hormonally mediated sexual dimorphism occurs through upstream changes in tissue sensitivity to hormone signals, downstream changes in responsiveness of target genes, or both. Here, we use comparative transcriptomics to explore these possibilities in 2 species of Sceloporus lizards exhibiting different patterns of sexual dichromatism. Sexually dimorphic S. undulatus develops blue and black ventral coloration in response to testosterone, while sexually monomorphic S. virgatus does not, despite exhibiting similar sex differences in circulating testosterone levels. We administered testosterone implants to juveniles of each species and used RNAseq to quantify gene expression in ventral skin. Transcriptome-wide responses to testosterone were stronger in S. undulatus than in S. virgatus, suggesting species differences in tissue sensitivity to this hormone signal. Species differences in the expression of genes for androgen metabolism and sex hormone-binding globulin were consistent with this idea, but expression of the androgen receptor gene was higher in S. virgatus, complicating this interpretation. Downstream of androgen signaling, we found clear species differences in hormonal responsiveness of genes related to melanin synthesis, which were upregulated by testosterone in S. undulatus, but not in S. virgatus. Collectively, our results indicate that hormonal regulation of melanin synthesis pathways contributes to the development of sexual dimorphism in S. undulatus, and that changes in the hormonal responsiveness of these genes in S. virgatus contribute to the evolutionary loss of ventral coloration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Hale
- University of Virginia, Department of Biology, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tyler N Wittman
- University of Virginia, Department of Biology, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Christian L Cox
- Florida International University, Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Environment, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Henry B John-Alder
- Rutgers University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Robert M Cox
- University of Virginia, Department of Biology, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Over the past decade, melanoma has led the field in new cancer treatments, with impressive gains in on-treatment survival but more modest improvements in overall survival. Melanoma presents heterogeneity and transcriptional plasticity that recapitulates distinct melanocyte developmental states and phenotypes, allowing it to adapt to and eventually escape even the most advanced treatments. Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of melanoma biology and genetics, the melanoma cell of origin is still fiercely debated because both melanocyte stem cells and mature melanocytes can be transformed. Animal models and high-throughput single-cell sequencing approaches have opened new opportunities to address this question. Here, we discuss the melanocytic journey from the neural crest, where they emerge as melanoblasts, to the fully mature pigmented melanocytes resident in several tissues. We describe a new understanding of melanocyte biology and the different melanocyte subpopulations and microenvironments they inhabit, and how this provides unique insights into melanoma initiation and progression. We highlight recent findings on melanoma heterogeneity and transcriptional plasticity and their implications for exciting new research areas and treatment opportunities. The lessons from melanocyte biology reveal how cells that are present to protect us from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation reach back to their origins to become a potentially deadly cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Centeno
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Valeria Pavet
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK.
- Oncodrug Ltd, Alderly Park, Macclesfield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernandes B, Cavaco-Paulo A, Matamá T. A Comprehensive Review of Mammalian Pigmentation: Paving the Way for Innovative Hair Colour-Changing Cosmetics. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020290. [PMID: 36829566 PMCID: PMC9953601 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural colour of hair shafts is formed at the bulb of hair follicles, and it is coupled to the hair growth cycle. Three critical processes must happen for efficient pigmentation: (1) melanosome biogenesis in neural crest-derived melanocytes, (2) the biochemical synthesis of melanins (melanogenesis) inside melanosomes, and (3) the transfer of melanin granules to surrounding pre-cortical keratinocytes for their incorporation into nascent hair fibres. All these steps are under complex genetic control. The array of natural hair colour shades are ascribed to polymorphisms in several pigmentary genes. A myriad of factors acting via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms also contributes for hair colour diversity. Given the enormous social and cosmetic importance attributed to hair colour, hair dyeing is today a common practice. Nonetheless, the adverse effects of the long-term usage of such cosmetic procedures demand the development of new methods for colour change. In this context, case reports of hair lightening, darkening and repigmentation as a side-effect of the therapeutic usage of many drugs substantiate the possibility to tune hair colour by interfering with the biology of follicular pigmentary units. By scrutinizing mammalian pigmentation, this review pinpoints key targetable processes for the development of innovative cosmetics that can safely change the hair colour from the inside out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fernandes
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.-P.); (T.M.); Tel.: +351-253-604-409 (A.C.-P.); +351-253-601-599 (T.M.)
| | - Teresa Matamá
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.-P.); (T.M.); Tel.: +351-253-604-409 (A.C.-P.); +351-253-601-599 (T.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma Z, Wu C, Zhu L, Chang R, Ma W, Deng Y, Chen X. Bioactivity profiling of the extremolyte ectoine as a promising protectant and its heterologous production. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:331. [PMID: 36311375 PMCID: PMC9606177 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoine is a compatible solutes that is diffusely dispersed in bacteria and archaea. It plays a significant role as protectant against various external pressures, such as high temperature, high osmolarity, dryness and radiation, in cells. Ectoine can be utilized in cosmetics due to its properties of moisturizing and antiultraviolet. It can also be used in the pharmaceutical industry for treating various diseases. Therefore, strong protection of ectoine creates a high commercial value. Its current market value is approximately US$1000 kg-1. However, traditional ectoine production in high-salinity media causes high costs of equipment loss and wastewater treatment. There is a growing attention to reduce the salinity of the fermentation broth without sacrificing the production of ectoine. Thus, heterologous production of ectoine in nonhalophilic microorganisms may represent the new generation of the industrial production of ectoine. In this review, we summarized and discussed the biological activities of ectoine on cell and human health protection and its heterologous production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chutian Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Renjie Chang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilin Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Slominski AT, Slominski RM, Raman C, Chen JY, Athar M, Elmets C. Neuroendocrine signaling in the skin with a special focus on the epidermal neuropeptides. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1757-C1776. [PMID: 36317800 PMCID: PMC9744652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The skin, which is comprised of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, is the largest organ in the human body and it plays a crucial role in the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions are regulated by local neuroendocrine and immune systems with a plethora of signaling molecules produced by resident and immune cells. In addition, neurotransmitters, endocrine factors, neuropeptides, and cytokines released from nerve endings play a central role in the skin's responses to stress. These molecules act on the corresponding receptors in an intra-, juxta-, para-, or autocrine fashion. The epidermis as the outer most component of skin forms a barrier directly protecting against environmental stressors. This protection is assured by an intrinsic keratinocyte differentiation program, pigmentary system, and local nervous, immune, endocrine, and microbiome elements. These constituents communicate cross-functionally among themselves and with corresponding systems in the dermis and hypodermis to secure the basic epidermal functions to maintain local (skin) and global (systemic) homeostasis. The neurohormonal mediators and cytokines used in these communications regulate physiological skin functions separately or in concert. Disturbances in the functions in these systems lead to cutaneous pathology that includes inflammatory (i.e., psoriasis, allergic, or atopic dermatitis, etc.) and keratinocytic hyperproliferative disorders (i.e., seborrheic and solar keratoses), dysfunction of adnexal structure (i.e., hair follicles, eccrine, and sebaceous glands), hypersensitivity reactions, pigmentary disorders (vitiligo, melasma, and hypo- or hyperpigmentary responses), premature aging, and malignancies (melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers). These cellular, molecular, and neural components preserve skin integrity and protect against skin pathologies and can act as "messengers of the skin" to the central organs, all to preserve organismal survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Loss of hypothalamic Furin affects POMC to proACTH cleavage and feeding behavior in high-fat diet-fed mice. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101627. [PMID: 36374777 PMCID: PMC9664468 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hypothalamus regulates feeding and glucose homeostasis through the balanced action of different neuropeptides, which are cleaved and activated by the proprotein convertases PC1/3 and PC2. However, the recent association of polymorphisms in the proprotein convertase FURIN with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, prompted us to investigate the role of FURIN in hypothalamic neurons controlling glucose and feeding. METHODS POMC-Cre+/- mice were bred with Furinfl/fl mice to generate conditional knockout mice with Furin-deletion in neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMCFurKO), and Furinfl/fl mice were used as controls. POMCFurKO and controls were periodically monitored on both normal chow diet and high fat diet (HFD) for body weight and glucose tolerance by established in-vivo procedures. Food intake was measured in HFD-fed FurKO and controls. Hypothalamic Pomc mRNA was measured by RT-qPCR. ELISAs quantified POMC protein and resulting peptides in the hypothalamic extracts of POMCFurKO mice and controls. The in-vitro processing of POMC was studied by biochemical techniques in HEK293T and CHO cell lines lacking FURIN. RESULTS In control mice, Furin mRNA levels were significantly upregulated on HFD feeding, suggesting an increased demand for FURIN activity in obesogenic conditions. Under these conditions, the POMCFurKO mice were hyperphagic and had increased body weight compared to Furinfl/fl mice. Moreover, protein levels of POMC were elevated and ACTH concentrations markedly reduced. Also, the ratio of α-MSH/POMC was decreased in POMCFurKO mice compared to controls. This indicates that POMC processing was significantly reduced in the hypothalami of POMCFurKO mice, highlighting for the first time the involvement of FURIN in the cleavage of POMC. Importantly, we found that in vitro, the first stage in processing where POMC is cleaved into proACTH was achieved by FURIN but not by PC1/3 or the other proprotein convertases in cell lines lacking a regulated secretory pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FURIN processes POMC into proACTH before sorting into the regulated secretory pathway, challenging the dogma that PC1/3 and PC2 are the only convertases responsible for POMC cleavage. Furthermore, its deletion affects feeding behaviors under obesogenic conditions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheng X, He Y, Bao W, Zhang Z, Chen L, Song G, Lan J, Xu F, Jia C, Dai T. Transcriptomic analysis of mRNA expression in giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Gene 2022; 850:146894. [PMID: 36174903 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE GCMN is a sporadic disease with an incidence ranging from 1/20,000 to 1/500000. So far, several studies have found that GCMN is related to somatic mutations, but most of them have focused on known pathogenic genes, and transcriptome sequencing based on large datasets is relatively uncommon. At present, the use of next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics platforms makes genomic information study more comprehensive and efficient. In this study, the transcriptome differences between GCMN lesions and surrounding normal skin tissues were investigated using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, and hub genes and pathways related to pathogenesis were identified, providing a theoretical foundation for further research into the pathogenesis of GCMN. METHODS Pathological skin tissue and surrounding normal skin tissue from GCMN patients, namely the pathological group (PG) and the control group (CG), were obtained. 1. All specimens were stained with HE to ensure that the samples met the experimental requirements. 2. Ten pairs of specimens were selected for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the PG and the CG were obtained. The DEGs were analyzed by clusterProfiler R software for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The function of the subnetwork was analyzed and the hub genes were identified by the STRING database and Cytoscape software. 3. The expression differences of hub genes PTGS2, EGF, and SOX10 in pathological skin tissues and normal skin tissues were verified by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS 1. HE staining revealed a lot of melanocytes in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. They were found around the hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and blood vessel walls, or in a specific pattern. 2. The screening threshold was set at p<0.01 and |log2fc|<1, and a total of 1163 DEGs were discovered between the PG and CG, with 519 genes up-regulated and 644 genes down-regulated in the pathological tissues. According to the GO functional analysis, 29 biological processes, 18 cell compositions, and 17 molecular functions were significantly enriched, with the majority of them being related to keratinocytes and the extracellular matrix. There were 779 nodes and 2359 interactions in the protein interaction network. Using the MCODE plug-in, the network was divided into 25 functional clusters. According to ClueGO results, Cluster5 was involved in melanin biosynthesis and melanocyte proliferation. Using 11 operation methods in the Cytohubba plug-in, PTGS2, EGF, and SOX10 in Cluster5 were chosen as hub genes. 3. qRT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining revealed that compared to normal skin tissue, the expression of SOX10 was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of PTGS2 and EGF was significantly down-regulated in pathological skin tissue(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In GCMN, keratinocytes and extracellular matrix may directly and indirectly affect melanocyte activity. PTGS2, EGF, and SOX10 are important genes and significantly differentially expressed in pathological and normal skin tissues. These findings may serve as a springboard for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xialin Cheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 2000 East Xiang 'an Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen city, China.
| | - Yan He
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 2000 East Xiang 'an Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen city, China.
| | - Wu Bao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 2000 East Xiang 'an Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen city, China.
| | - Zexin Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 2000 East Xiang 'an Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen city, China.
| | - Lingxi Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 2000 East Xiang 'an Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen city, China.
| | - Ge Song
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology 24 Jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang city, Henan Province.
| | - Junhong Lan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 2000 East Xiang 'an Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen city, China.
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 2000 East Xiang 'an Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen city, China.
| | - Chiyu Jia
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 2000 East Xiang 'an Road, Xiang 'an District, Xiamen city, China.
| | - Tao Dai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China 36 Xiyuan Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang city, Henan Province.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hou Y, Wang LJ, Jin YH, Guo RY, Yang L, Li EC, Zhang JL. Triphenyltin exposure induced abnormal morphological colouration in adult male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113912. [PMID: 35905627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fish morphological colouration is essential for their survival and reproduction success; however, it is vulnerable to environmental factors, such as pollutants. Triphenyltin (TPT) is widespread in aquatic ecosystems, and its impacts on fish have been problematic. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TPT at environment-related concentrations (0, 1, 10 and 100 ng Sn/L) on morphological colouration in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). The results showed that TPT exposure affected both orange/red and dark morphological colouration in guppies. The faded orange/red colouration might be related to the decrease of coloured pteridine and Pts (6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin Synthase) expression. In addition, TPT exposure induced melanogenesis, however, much melanin was distributed diffusely in the skin and did not seem to form a spot pattern, giving the fish a dull appearance. According to the skin transcriptional profiles, the changes of dark morphological colouration might be related to the changes in genes related to the functions of melanosome components (Gpnmb, Slc45a2 and Tyr), construction (Ap3d1, Fig4, Hps3, Hps5, Lyst, Rabggta, Txndc5 and Vps33a), and transport (Rab27a). Additionally, genes related to the regulation of melanogenesis (Atrn and Pomc) and system effects (Atox1, Atp6ap2, Atp6v1f, Atp6v1h, Rpl24, Rps19 and Rps20) might also be involved in the molecular mechanisms of abnormal morphological colouration induced by TPT. The present study provides crucial data on the molecular basis of abnormal morphological colouration in fish exposed to TPT and underscores the importance of toxicological studies of the effects of pollutants in aquatic environments on fish morphological colouration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ying-Hong Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rui-Ying Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Er-Chao Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ji-Liang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Recognition of Melanocytes in Immuno-Neuroendocrinology and Circadian Rhythms: Beyond the Conventional Melanin Synthesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132082. [PMID: 35805166 PMCID: PMC9266247 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes produce melanin to protect the skin from UV-B radiation. Notwithstanding, the spectrum of their functions extends far beyond their well-known role as melanin production factories. Melanocytes have been considered as sensory and computational cells. The neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and other hormones produced by melanocytes make them part of the skin’s well-orchestrated and complex neuroendocrine network, counteracting environmental stressors. Melanocytes can also actively mediate the epidermal immune response. Melanocytes are equipped with ectopic sensory systems similar to the eye and nose and can sense light and odor. The ubiquitous inner circadian rhythm controls the body’s basic physiological processes. Light not only affects skin photoaging, but also regulates inner circadian rhythms and communicates with the local neuroendocrine system. Do melanocytes “see” light and play a unique role in photoentrainment of the local circadian clock system? Why, then, are melanocytes responsible for so many mysterious functions? Do these complex functional devices work to maintain homeostasis locally and throughout the body? In addition, melanocytes have also been shown to be localized in internal sites such as the inner ear, brain, and heart, locations not stimulated by sunlight. Thus, what can the observation of extracutaneous melanocytes tell us about the “secret identity” of melanocytes? While the answers to some of these intriguing questions remain to be discovered, here we summarize and weave a thread around available data to explore the established and potential roles of melanocytes in the biological communication of skin and systemic homeostasis, and elaborate on important open issues and propose ways forward.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dimethyl Itaconate Reduces α-MSH-Induced Pigmentation via Modulation of AKT and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134183. [PMID: 35807430 PMCID: PMC9268225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl itaconate (DMI) exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is implicated in the inhibition of melanogenesis. Therefore, DMI and itaconic acid (ITA), classified as NRF2 activators, have potential uses in hyperpigmentation reduction. The activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), an important transcription factor for MITF gene promoter, is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and protein kinase A (PKA). Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of ITA and DMI on alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced MITF expression and the modulatory role of protein kinase B (AKT) and GSK3β in melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. These cells were incubated with α-MSH alone or in combination with ITA or DMI. Proteins were visualized and quantified using immunoblotting and densitometry. Compared to ITA, DMI treatment exhibited a better inhibitory effect on the α-MSH-induced expression of melanogenic proteins such as MITF. Our data indicate that DMI exerts its anti-melanogenic effect via modulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT signaling pathways. In conclusion, DMI may be an effective therapeutic agent for both inflammation and hyperpigmentation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chang Y, Zhang S, Zhang W, Li S, Li C. The Efficacy and Psychoneuroimmunology Mechanism of Camouflage Combined With Psychotherapy in Vitiligo Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:818543. [PMID: 35721084 PMCID: PMC9198302 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.818543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The efficacy of camouflage combined with psychotherapy and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood in vitiligo management. This study aimed to investigate the joint efficacy and further explore psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune-skin interactions. Patients and Methods In a prospective, non-randomized and concurrent controlled trial, patients were divided into two groups. Quality of life (QOL) was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Vitiligo Life Quality Index (VLQI-C). Serum levels of neuropeptides and cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results A total of 149 patients were included for final evaluation. After treatment for 4 weeks, total and subcategory quality of life scores in the intervention group were much lower than in the control group. Serum levels of neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) significantly decreased, and serum level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) increased in both active and stable patients of the intervention group, but not in the control group. In addition, the serum levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) decreased in both the active and stable patients of the intervention group and only in the active patients of the control group. Conclusions The combination of camouflage and psychotherapy provided a clinically meaningful improvement in quality of life and ameliorated the outcome by likely modulating the psycho-neuro-endocrine-immuno-skin system during vitiligo management. Clinical Trial Registration www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03540966, identifier: NCT03540966.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaolong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sultan F, Basu R, Murthy D, Kochar M, Attri KS, Aggarwal A, Kumari P, Dnyane P, Tanwar J, Motiani RK, Singh A, Gadgil C, Bhavesh NS, Singh PK, Natarajan VT, Gokhale RS. Temporal analysis of melanogenesis identifies fatty acid metabolism as key skin pigment regulator. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001634. [PMID: 35584084 PMCID: PMC9116682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic methods to modulate skin pigmentation has important implications for skin cancer prevention and for treating cutaneous hyperpigmentary conditions. Towards defining new potential targets, we followed temporal dynamics of melanogenesis using a cell-autonomous pigmentation model. Our study elucidates 3 dominant phases of synchronized metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming. The melanogenic trigger is associated with high MITF levels along with rapid uptake of glucose. The transition to pigmented state is accompanied by increased glucose channelisation to anabolic pathways that support melanosome biogenesis. SREBF1-mediated up-regulation of fatty acid synthesis results in a transient accumulation of lipid droplets and enhancement of fatty acids oxidation through mitochondrial respiration. While this heightened bioenergetic activity is important to sustain melanogenesis, it impairs mitochondria lately, shifting the metabolism towards glycolysis. This recovery phase is accompanied by activation of the NRF2 detoxication pathway. Finally, we show that inhibitors of lipid metabolism can resolve hyperpigmentary conditions in a guinea pig UV-tanning model. Our study reveals rewiring of the metabolic circuit during melanogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in a variety of cutaneous diseases manifesting hyperpigmentary phenotype. Temporal analysis of melanogenesis, based on transcriptomic and metabolomic signatures, reveals fatty acid metabolism as a crucial mediator of the transition between pigmentation phases. Inhibitors of the fatty acid pathway could represent a new target for modulating pigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farina Sultan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Reelina Basu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Murthy
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Kochar
- Immunometabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep S. Attri
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ayush Aggarwal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Dnyane
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP, India
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti Tanwar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP, India
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology, Regional Centre of Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rajender K. Motiani
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology, Regional Centre of Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Archana Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Chetan Gadgil
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP, India
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Vivek T. Natarajan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, UP, India
- * E-mail: (VTN); (RSG)
| | - Rajesh S. Gokhale
- Immunometabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (VTN); (RSG)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shakya M, Martin NK, Arunagiri A, Martin MG, Arvan P, Low MJ, Lindberg I. The G209R mutant mouse as a model for human PCSK1 polyendocrinopathy. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6542675. [PMID: 35245347 PMCID: PMC9044177 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PCSK1 encodes an enzyme required for prohormone maturation into bioactive peptides. A striking number of SNPs and rare mutations in PCSK1 are associated with a range of clinical phenotypes. Infants bearing two copies of a catalytically inactivating mutation, such as G209R, exhibit life-threatening chronic diarrhea and subsequently develop systemic endocrinopathies. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we have engineered a mouse model bearing a G209R missense mutation in exon 6 of the murine Pcsk1 locus. Most pups homozygous for the G209R mutation succumbed by day 2, and surviving pups were severely dwarfed. In homozygous (but not heterozygous) pups, blood glucose levels were significantly lower, accompanied by elevated plasma insulin-like immunoreactivity and accumulation of large quantities of unprocessed proinsulin in the pancreas. Peptide hormone processing was also aberrant in G209R mouse pituitary, with mature ACTH levels markedly reduced in homozygotes, accompanied by a significant accumulation of POMC. We also observed a significant reduction in PC1/3 protein in the brains of G209R homozygous mice by Western blotting, while PC2 levels remained unaffected. Most likely due to the continued presence of PC2, pituitary and brain levels of α-MSH were not impaired. Analysis of intestinal cell types indicated a modest reduction of enteroendocrine cells in G209R homozygotes. We suggest that the G209R Pcsk1 mouse model recapitulates many of the dramatic neonatal deficiencies of human patients with this homozygous mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manita Shakya
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Surbhi
- Department Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicolle K Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mattel
Children’s Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin G Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mattel
Children’s Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Malcolm J Low
- Department Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Iris Lindberg
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Iris Lindberg, PhD, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF2, S218, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leptin as a Biomarker of Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103350. [PMID: 34684349 PMCID: PMC8541372 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is a satiety hormone mainly produced by white adipose tissue. Decreasing levels have been described following acute stress. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if leptin can be a biomarker of stress, with levels decreasing following acute stress. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ScienceDirect were searched to obtain all articles studying leptin levels after acute stress on 15 February 2021. We included articles reporting leptin levels before and after acute stress (physical or psychological) and conducted random effects meta-analysis (DerSimonian and Laird approach). We conducted Meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses after exclusion of groups outside the metafunnel. RESULTS We included seven articles-four cohort and three case-control studies-(28 groups) from 27,983 putative articles. Leptin levels decreased after the stress intervention (effect size = -0.34, 95%CI -0.66 to -0.02) compared with baseline levels, with a greater decrease after 60 min compared to mean decrease (-0.45, -0.89 to -0.01) and in normal weight compared to overweight individuals (-0.79, -1.38 to -0.21). There was no difference in the overweight population. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated similar results. Levels of leptin after stress decreased with sex ratio-i.e., number of men/women-(-0.924, 95%CI -1.58 to -0.27) and increased with the baseline levels of leptin (0.039, 0.01 to 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Leptin is a biomarker of stress, with a decrease following acute stress. Normal-weight individuals and women also have a higher variation of leptin levels after stress, suggesting that leptin may have implications in obesity development in response to stress in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nabai L, Pourghadiri A, Ghahary A. Hypertrophic Scarring: Current Knowledge of Predisposing Factors, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. J Burn Care Res 2021; 41:48-56. [PMID: 31999336 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring (HSc) is an age-old problem that still affects millions of people physically, psychologically, and economically. Despite advances in surgical techniques and wound care, prevention and treatment of HSc remains a challenge. Elucidation of factors involved in the development of this common fibroproliferative disorder is crucial for further progress in preventive and/or therapeutic measures. Our knowledge about pathophysiology of HSc at the cellular and molecular level has grown considerably in recent decades. In this article, current knowledge of predisposing factors and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of HSc has been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Nabai
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn & Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amir Pourghadiri
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn & Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn & Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tiede S, Hundt JE, Paus R. UDP-GlcNAc-1-Phosphotransferase Is a Clinically Important Regulator of Human and Mouse Hair Pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2957-2965.e5. [PMID: 34116066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UDP-GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, a product of two separate genes (GNPTAB, GNPTG), is essential for the sorting and transportation of lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes. GNPTAB gene defects cause extracellular missorting of lysosomal enzymes resulting in lysosomal storage diseases, namely mucolipidosis type II and mucolipidosis type III alpha/beta, which is associated with hair discoloration. Yet, the physiological functions of GNPTAB in the control of hair follicle (HF) pigmentation remain unknown. To elucidate these, we have silenced GNPTAB in organ-cultured human HFs as a human ex vivo model for mucolipidosis type II. GNPTAB silencing profoundly inhibited intrafollicular melanin production, the correct sorting of melanosomes, tyrosinase activity, and HMB45 expression in the HF pigmentary unit and altered HF melanocyte morphology in situ. In isolated primary human HF melanocytes, GNPTAB knockdown significantly reduced melanogenesis, tyrosinase activity, and correct tyrosinase protein sorting as well as POMC expression and caused the expected lysosomal enzyme missorting in vitro. Moreover, transgenic mice overexpressing an inserted missense mutation corresponding to that seen in human mucolipidosis type II and mucolipidosis type III alpha/beta showed significantly reduced HF pigmentation, thus corroborating the in vivo relevance of our ex vivo and in vitro findings in the human system. This identifies GNPTAB as a clinically important enzymatic control of human HF pigmentation, likely by directly controlling tyrosinase sorting and POMC transcription in HF melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Tiede
- International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; University Children's Research at Kinder-UKE, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shi Y, Zeng Z, Liu J, Pi Z, Zou P, Deng Q, Ma X, Qiao F, Xiong W, Zhou C, Zeng Q, Xiao R. Particulate matter promotes hyperpigmentation via AhR/MAPK signaling activation and by increasing α-MSH paracrine levels in keratinocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116850. [PMID: 33711628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 μm or less in ambient air (PM2.5) has become a global public and environmental problem, and the control of the PM2.5 concentration in air is an urgent problem. PM2.5 can easily penetrate the skin, activating the inflammatory response in skin, unbalancing the skin barrier function, and inducing skin aging. Hyperpigmentation is the main manifestation of skin aging and has a considerable impact on quality of life worldwide. To date, no research on the influence of PM2.5 on hyperpigmentation has been conducted. Here, we illustrate that PM2.5 can induce melanogenesis in vivo and in vitro by regulating TYR, TYRP1, TYRP2, and MITF expression via AhR/MAPK signaling activation. Furthermore, PM2.5 increased α-MSH paracrine levels, which in turn promote hyperpigmentation. Our results provide a deeper understanding of how PM2.5 disrupts skin homeostasis and function. Treatment with AhR antagonists may be a potential therapeutic strategy for hyperpigmentation induced by PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zixin Pi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Puyu Zou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qiancheng Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Fan Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Weiping Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Chengyun Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Upadhyay PR, Ho T, Abdel-Malek ZA. Participation of keratinocyte- and fibroblast-derived factors in melanocyte homeostasis, the response to UV, and pigmentary disorders. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:762-776. [PMID: 33973367 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal melanocytes play a central role in sensing the environment and protecting the skin from the drastic effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and other environmental toxins or inflammatory agents. Melanocytes survive in the epidermis for decades, which subjects them to chronic environmental insults. Melanocytes have a poor self-renewal capacity; therefore, it is critical to ensure their survival with genomic stability. The function and survival of melanocytes is regulated by an elaborate network of paracrine factors synthesized mainly by epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. A symbiotic relationship exists between epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes on the one hand, and between melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts on the other hand. Melanocytes protect epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts from the damaging effects of solar radiation, and the latter cells synthesize biochemical mediators that maintain the homeostasis, and regulate the stress response of melanocytes. Disruption of the paracrine network results in pigmentary disorders, due to abnormal regulation of melanin synthesis, and compromise of melanocyte survival or genomic stability. This review provides an update of the current knowledge of keratinocyte- and fibroblast-derived paracrine factors and their contribution to melanocyte physiology, and how their abnormal production is involved in the pathogenesis of common pigmentary disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parth R Upadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tina Ho
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zalfa A Abdel-Malek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shakya M, White A, Verchere CB, Low MJ, Lindberg I. Mice lacking PC1/3 expression in POMC-expressing cells do not develop obesity. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6167813. [PMID: 33693631 PMCID: PMC8253230 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons form an integral part of the central melanocortin system regulating food intake and energy expenditure. Genetic and pharmacological studies have revealed that defects in POMC synthesis, processing, and receptor signaling lead to obesity. It is well established that POMC is extensively processed by a series of enzymes, including prohormone convertases PC1/3 and PC2, and that genetic insufficiency of both PC1/3 and POMC is strongly associated with obesity risk. However, whether PC1/3-mediated POMC processing is absolutely tied to body weight regulation is not known. To investigate this question, we generated a Pomc-CreER T2; Pcsk1 lox/lox mouse model in which Pcsk1 is specifically and temporally knocked out in POMC-expressing cells of adult mice by injecting tamoxifen at eight weeks of age. We then measured the impact of Pcsk1 deletion on POMC cleavage to ACTH and α-MSH, and on body weight. In whole pituitary, POMC cleavage was significantly impacted by the loss of Pcsk1, while hypothalamic POMC-derived peptide levels remained similar in all genotypes. However, intact POMC levels were greatly elevated in Pomc-CreER T2; Pcsk1 lox/lox mice. Males expressed two-fold greater levels of pituitary PC1/3 protein than females, consistent with their increased POMC cleavage. Past studies show that mice with germline removal of PC1/3 do not develop obesity, while mice expressing mutant PC1/3 forms do develop obesity. We conclude that obesity pathways are not disrupted by PC1/3 loss solely in POMC-expressing cells, further disfavoring the idea that alterations in POMC processing underlie obesity in PCSK1 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manita Shakya
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of
Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201,
USA
| | - Surbhi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
481091, USA
| | - Anne White
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology,
University of Manchester, Manchester, M13
9PT, United Kingdom
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and
Surgery, University of British Columbia, British
Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Malcolm J Low
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
481091, USA
| | - Iris Lindberg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of
Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201,
USA
- Correspondence: Iris Lindberg, PhD,
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 20 Penn St., HSF2, S267, University of
Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gupta S, Abhishek, Shrivastava S, Singh RJ, Gogoi P, Kumar B. Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Magainin and Mastoparan and Its Novel Hybrid Against MDR E. coli Isolates of Neonatal Calves. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Melanin-Decolorizing Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes, Glutathione Peroxidase, Thiol Peroxidase, and Catalase. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:150-155. [PMID: 33387255 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is the most important factor to determine skin color. Many research efforts are being undertaken to decompose the already-produced melanin compounds in skin for beauty. This research investigated the effects on reducing melanin color of the three antioxidant enzymes, Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Thiol peroxidase (TPX), and Catalase, in lysosomal fraction. Melanin solution was treated with the enzymes and hydrogen peroxide, then reacted for 48 h. GPX and TPX decolorized melanin, and between them, GPX was more efficient, but Catalase was not effective. GPX also inhibited the production of melanin in B16F10 melanoma cells. GPX, which is present in almost all microorganisms, plays an important role in the cellular defense mechanism by reactive oxygen species. In addition, it was not cytotoxic, but was significantly effective in decolorizing melanin color. Therefore, in the biological and microbiological field, its possibility of utilization in skin whitening cosmetic is high.
Collapse
|
27
|
Identification of the ceRNA networks in α-MSH-induced melanogenesis of melanocytes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2700-2726. [PMID: 33318297 PMCID: PMC7880406 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
α-MSH is known for melanogenesis stimulation, and ceRNA is a new method involved in physiological regulation. However, whether ceRNA participates in α-MSH-induced melanogenesis remains unknown. We used ceRNA array to detect the expression profiles of lncRNAs, circRNAs, and mRNAs in melanocytes after α-MSH treatment. Moreover, the melanogenesis-related ceRNA regulatory networks were screened and validated. The expression profile analysis showed that 20 lncRNAs and 49 circRNAs changed five-fold after α-MSH treatment, while 933 mRNAs changed two-fold. Based on differentially expressed genes, GO and KEGG analysis were conducted and revealed that 14 genes were enriched in melanogenesis. Then, multiple lncRNA or circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks and lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA quaternary ceRNA networks were identified. Thereinto, ENST00000606533, circ_0091223, and TYR expression were upregulated in α-MSH-treated melanocytes, while their complementary miR-1291 was decreased. Dual-luciferase reporter assay further verified that ENST00000606533 and circ_0091223 could bind to miR-1291. ENST00000606533 and circ_0091223 siRNAs decreased circ_0091223, ENST00000606533, and TYR expression, but increased miR-1291 expression. Conversely, miR-1291 mimics inhibited ENST00000606533, circ_0091223, and TYR expression. Moreover, miR-1291 inhibitor could reverse the inhibitory effect of the two siRNAs on TYR expression. Hence, the "ENST00000606533/circ_0091223-miR-1291-TYR" ceRNA network is involved in α-MSH-induced melanogenesis, and ceRNA networks may be potential therapeutic targets for skin pigmentation disorders.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kmieć M, Bińkowski J, Kubiś J. Influence of the Breeding System on the Nucleotides Variability of Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4r) Gene in Chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542007008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
29
|
Yeo H, Ahn SS, Lee YH, Shin SY. Regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene transcription by interleukin-31 via early growth response 1 (EGR-1) in HaCaT keratinocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5953-5962. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
30
|
Jung JM, Noh TK, Jo SY, Kim SY, Song Y, Kim YH, Chang SE. Guanine Deaminase in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Contributes to Skin Pigmentation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112637. [PMID: 32517074 PMCID: PMC7321356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes are considered as the most important neighboring cells that modify melanogenesis. Our previous study used microarray to show that guanine deaminase (GDA) gene expression is highly increased in melasma lesions. Hence, we investigated the role of GDA in skin pigmentation. We examined GDA expression in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) lesions, diagnosed as Riehl’s melanosis. We further investigated the possible role of keratinocyte-derived GDA in melanogenesis by quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining, small interfering RNA-based GDA knockdown, and adenovirus-mediated GDA overexpression. We found higher GDA positivity in the hyperpigmentary lesional epidermis than in the perilesional epidermis. Both UVB irradiation and stem cell factor (SCF) plus endothelin-1 (ET-1) were used, which are well-known melanogenic stimuli upregulating GDA expression in both keratinocyte culture alone and keratinocyte and melanocyte coculture. GDA knockdown downregulated melanin content, while GDA overexpression promoted melanogenesis in the coculture. When melanocytes were treated with UVB-exposed keratinocyte-conditioned media, the melanin content was increased. Also, GDA knockdown lowered SCF and ET-1 expression levels in keratinocytes. GDA in epidermal keratinocytes may promote melanogenesis by upregulating SCF and ET-1, suggesting its role in skin hyperpigmentary disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Min Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.M.J.); (T.K.N.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Tai Kyung Noh
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.M.J.); (T.K.N.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Soo Youn Jo
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.M.J.); (T.K.N.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.M.J.); (T.K.N.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Youngsup Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.K.); (S.E.C.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-4298 (Y.-H.K.); +82-2-3010-3460 (S.E.C.); Fax: +82-2-3010-2941 (Y.-H.K.); +82-2-486-7831 (S.E.C.)
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.M.J.); (T.K.N.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.K.); (S.E.C.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-4298 (Y.-H.K.); +82-2-3010-3460 (S.E.C.); Fax: +82-2-3010-2941 (Y.-H.K.); +82-2-486-7831 (S.E.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pondeljak N, Lugović-Mihić L. Stress-induced Interaction of Skin Immune Cells, Hormones, and Neurotransmitters. Clin Ther 2020; 42:757-770. [PMID: 32276734 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although scientific articles mention the impact of psychological stress on skin diseases, few review the latest research on factors involved in this correlation. The skin actively responds to psychological stress, with involvement of skin immune cells, hormones, neurotransmitters. Skin immune cells actively regulate tissue inflammation with their proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Stress-induced skin reactions primarily include cytokine secretion (e.g. interleukin-6, interleukin-1, interferon-γ) and activation of skins peripheral corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-corticosteroids axis, which leads to acute/chronic secretion of corticosteroids in the skin. METHODS This narrative review presents the current knowledge and latest findings regarding the impact of psychological stress on skin diseases, including information concerning psychoneuroimmune factors in stress-induced skin responses. Recent articles published in English available through the PubMed database and other prominent literature are discussed. FINDINGS Stress mediators, including cortisol, ACTH, and CRH from hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, induce various skin immune responses. Skin cells themselves can secrete these hormones and participate in skin inflammation. Thus, the local skin CRH-POMC-ACTH-corticosteroids axis plays a prominent role in stress-induced responses. Also, keratinocytes and fibroblasts produce hypothalamic and pituitary signal peptides and express receptors for them (CRH with receptors and POMC degradation peptides with melanocortin receptors), which allows them to respond to CRH by activating the POMC gene, which is then followed by ACTH and subsequently corticosteroids excretion. In addition, keratinocytes can express receptors for neurotransmitters (e.g. adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, histamine, acetylcholine), neurotrophins, and neuropeptides (e.g. substance P, nerve growth factor), which are important in linking psychoneuroimmunologic mechanisms. IMPLICATIONS Psychoneuroimmunology provides an understanding that the skin is target and source of stress mediators. This locally expressed complex stress-induced network has been confirmed as active in many skin diseases (e.g. vulgar psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, human papillomavirus infections/warts, hair loss, acne). Skin reactions to stress and its influence on skin diseases may have implications for disease severity and exacerbation frequency, given the effect of locally secreted corticosteroids and other mediators that affect skin integrity, inflammation, and healing potential. Studies have also shown that introducing psychiatric treatment (drugs or psychotherapeutic methods) can have positive effects on dermatologic diseases influenced by psychological stress exposure. We hope this review provides clinicians and scientists with more complete background for further research in this field of skin psychoneuroimmunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pondeljak
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Liborija Lugović-Mihić
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Samotij D, Nedoszytko B, Bartosińska J, Batycka-Baran A, Czajkowski R, Dobrucki IT, Dobrucki LW, Górecka-Sokołowska M, Janaszak-Jasienicka A, Krasowska D, Kalinowski L, Macieja-Stawczyk M, Nowicki RJ, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Płoska A, Purzycka-Bohdan D, Radulska A, Reszka E, Siekierzycka A, Słomiński A, Słomiński R, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Strapagiel D, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Szczęch J, Żmijewski M, Reich A. Pathogenesis of psoriasis in the "omic" era. Part I. Epidemiology, clinical manifestation, immunological and neuroendocrine disturbances. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:135-153. [PMID: 32489346 PMCID: PMC7262814 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.94832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated skin disease affecting about 2% of the world's population. According to current knowledge, psoriasis is a complex disease that involves various genes and environmental factors, such as stress, injuries, infections and certain medications. The chronic inflammation of psoriasis lesions develops upon epidermal infiltration, activation, and expansion of type 1 and type 17 Th cells. Despite the enormous progress in understanding the mechanisms that cause psoriasis, the target cells and antigens that drive pathogenic T cell responses in psoriatic lesions are still unproven and the autoimmune basis of psoriasis still remains hypothetical. However, since the identification of the Th17 cell subset, the IL-23/Th17 immune axis has been considered a key driver of psoriatic inflammation, which has led to the development of biologic agents that target crucial elements of this pathway. Here we present the current understanding of various aspects in psoriasis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Samotij
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Bogusław Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Bartosińska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Batycka-Baran
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Czajkowski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Iwona T. Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence W. Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górecka-Sokołowska
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Disorders and Immunodermatology, Jurasz University Hospital No. 1, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Janaszak-Jasienicka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Macieja-Stawczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Roman J. Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Purzycka-Bohdan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrianna Radulska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Siekierzycka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Słomiński
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, Birmingham, AL, USA
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Radomir Słomiński
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marta Sobalska-Kwapis
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Szczerkowska-Dobosz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Szczęch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Michał Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lines KE, Filippakopoulos P, Stevenson M, Müller S, Lockstone HE, Wright B, Knapp S, Buck D, Bountra C, Thakker RV. Effects of epigenetic pathway inhibitors on corticotroph tumour AtT20 cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:163-174. [PMID: 31935194 PMCID: PMC7040567 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medical treatments for corticotrophinomas are limited, and we therefore investigated the effects of epigenetic modulators, a new class of anti-tumour drugs, on the murine adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting corticotrophinoma cell line AtT20. We found that AtT20 cells express members of the bromo and extra-terminal (BET) protein family, which bind acetylated histones, and therefore, studied the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of two BET inhibitors, referred to as (+)-JQ1 (JQ1) and PFI-1, using CellTiter Blue and Caspase Glo assays, respectively. JQ1 and PFI-1 significantly decreased proliferation by 95% (P < 0.0005) and 43% (P < 0.0005), respectively, but only JQ1 significantly increased apoptosis by >50-fold (P < 0.0005), when compared to untreated control cells. The anti-proliferative effects of JQ1 and PFI-1 remained for 96 h after removal of the respective compound. JQ1, but not PFI-1, affected the cell cycle, as assessed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry, and resulted in a higher number of AtT20 cells in the sub G1 phase. RNA-sequence analysis, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses, revealed that JQ1 treatment significantly altered expression of genes involved in apoptosis, such as NFκB, and the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) anti-proliferative signalling pathway, including SSTR2. JQ1 treatment also significantly reduced transcription and protein expression of the ACTH precursor pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and ACTH secretion by AtT20 cells. Thus, JQ1 treatment has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on AtT20 cells and reduces ACTH secretion, thereby indicating that BET inhibition may provide a novel approach for treatment of corticotrophinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Lines
- OCDEM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - M Stevenson
- OCDEM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - S Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H E Lockstone
- Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B Wright
- Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Buck
- Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Bountra
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R V Thakker
- OCDEM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to R V Thakker:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ocampo-Garza J, Salinas-Santander M, Welsh O, Herz-Ruelas M, Ocampo-Candiani J. Expression of melanocortin 1 receptor before and after narrowband UVB phototherapy treatment in patients with stable vitiligo: A prospective study. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1649-1654. [PMID: 32104216 PMCID: PMC7027148 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a disease characterized by skin depigmentation caused by the selective destruction of melanocytes. The melanocortin system participates as a regulator of melanogenesis and skin pigmentation. Narrowband UVB phototherapy (nb-UVB) is currently considered to be the gold standard and first choice treatment method for vitiligo vulgaris. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical and biochemical parameters of vitiligo, as well as to determine the expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) genes in the skin of patients with stable vitiligo receiving nb-UVB phototherapy. Patient clinical and biochemical parameters, and the skin biopsies of 22 patients with stable vitiligo were analyzed. These biopsies were obtained before and after nb-UVB phototherapy. The genetic expression analysis of POMC, MC1R and MC4R genes was performed via RNA-Sequence analysis. A statistical evaluation of the clinical and biochemical parameters, the degree of response to treatment and the expression profiles of the melanocortin system genes were performed to identify their association with treatment response. A two-sided P≤0.05 value was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. Alterations were observed in the expression profiles of MC1R following nb-UVB phototherapy (P≤0.05). In addition, elevated levels of triiodothyronine were associated with a poor response to nb-UVB phototherapy. In conclusion the current study revealed that nb-UVB phototherapy altered the expression profile of the MC1R gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ocampo-Garza
- Department of Dermatology, 'Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez' University Hospital of The School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Salinas-Santander
- Department of Research, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Faculty of Medicine, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico
| | - Oliverio Welsh
- Department of Dermatology, 'Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez' University Hospital of The School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Maira Herz-Ruelas
- Department of Dermatology, 'Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez' University Hospital of The School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Department of Dermatology, 'Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez' University Hospital of The School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64460, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hseu YC, Chen XZ, Vudhya Gowrisankar Y, Yen HR, Chuang JY, Yang HL. The Skin-Whitening Effects of Ectoine via the Suppression of α-MSH-Stimulated Melanogenesis and the Activation of Antioxidant Nrf2 Pathways in UVA-Irradiated Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E63. [PMID: 31936771 PMCID: PMC7022695 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet A (UVA)-irradiation induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production mediates excessive melanogenesis in skin cells leading to pigmentation. We demonstrated the depigmenting and anti-melanogenic effects of Ectoine, a natural bacterial osmolyte, in UVA-irradiated human (HaCaT) keratinocytes, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were elucidated. HaCaT cells were pre-treated with low concentrations of Ectoine (0.5-1.5 μM) and assayed for various depigmenting and anti-melanogenic parameters. This pre-treatment significantly downregulated ROS generation, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) production, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression in UVA-irradiated HaCaT cells. Also, antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone 1] (NQO-1), and γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (γ-GCLC) protein expressions were mediated via the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) whose knockdown indeed impaired this effect signifying the importance of the Nrf2 pathway. Ectoine was mediating the activation of Nrf2 via the p38, protein kinase B (also known as AKT), protein kinase C (PKC), and casein kinase II protein kinase (CKII) pathways. The conditioned medium obtained from the Ectoine pre-treated and UVA-irradiated HaCaT cells downregulated the tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2 (TRP-1/-2), cyclic AMP (c-AMP) protein kinase, c-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expressions leading to melanoma B16F10 cells having inhibited melanin synthesis. Interestingly, this anti-melanogenic effect in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells was observable only at 50-400 μM concentrations of Ectoine, signifying the key role played by Ectoine (0.5-1 μM)-treated keratinocytes in skin whitening effects. We concluded that Ectoine could be used as an effective topical natural cosmetic agent with depigmenting and anti-melanogenic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Zao Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yugandhar Vudhya Gowrisankar
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Peng F, Tsuji G, Zhang JZ, Chen Z, Furue M. Potential role of PM 2.5 in melanogenesis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105063. [PMID: 31394397 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is one of the main components of air pollutants, which can absorb many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals. The effect of PM2.5 on human skin and its biological significance in skin homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Previous studies demonstrated that PM2.5 can activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), generate reactive oxygen species, and induce skin inflammation. These processes may be involved in melanocyte homeostasis and melanogenesis. We hypothesize that AhR signaling may be responsible for PM2.5-related hyperpigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Gaku Tsuji
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Farr OM, Mantzoros CS. Old and new tools to study human brain physiology: Current state, future directions and implications for metabolic regulation. Metabolism 2019; 99:iii-viii. [PMID: 31400385 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Slominski AT, Slominski RM, Zmijewski MA. Targeting melanocortin receptor type 1 with small peptides. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:17-18. [PMID: 31259402 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue, Birmingham, AL, 35924, U.S.A
| | - R M Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
| | - M A Zmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jiang L, Huang J, Lu J, Hu S, Pei S, Ouyang Y, Ding Y, Hu Y, Kang L, Huang L, Xiang H, Zeng Q, Liu L, Chen J, Zeng Q. Ganoderma lucidum
polysaccharide reduces melanogenesis by inhibiting the paracrine effects of keratinocytes and fibroblasts via IL‐6/STAT3/FGF2 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22799-22808. [PMID: 31115052 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Shuanghai Hu
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Shiyao Pei
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yufang Ding
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Liyang Kang
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Qing Zeng
- Department of Urology surgery Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology surgery Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mehta D, Granstein RD. Immunoregulatory Effects of Neuropeptides on Endothelial Cells: Relevance to Dermatological Disorders. Dermatology 2019; 235:175-186. [PMID: 30808842 DOI: 10.1159/000496538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, have a neurogenic component. In this regard, bidirectional interactions between components of the nervous system and multiple target cells in the skin and elsewhere have been receiving increasing attention. Neuropeptides released by sensory nerves that innervate the skin can directly modulate functions of keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, mast cells, dermal microvascular endothelial cells and infiltrating immune cells. As a result, neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors participate in a complex, interdependent network of mediators that modulate the skin immune system, skin inflammation, and wound healing. In this review, we will focus on recent studies demonstrating the roles of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, and nerve growth factor in modulating inflammation and immunity in the skin through their effects on dermal microvascular endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devina Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Teitelman G. Heterogeneous Expression of Proinsulin Processing Enzymes in Beta Cells of Non-diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Humans. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:385-400. [PMID: 30759032 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419831641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is evidence indicating transcriptional and functional heterogeneity in human beta cells, it is unclear whether this heterogeneity extends to the expression level of the enzymes that process proinsulin to insulin in beta cells. To address this question, the expression levels of prohormone convertases (PC) 1/3, proprotein convertase 2 (PC2), and carboxypeptidase E (CPE) were determined in immune-stained sections of human pancreas. In non-diabetic donors, the level of proprotein convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) expression varied among beta cells of each islet but the average per islet was similar for all islets of each donor. Although the average PC1/3 expression of all islets examined per sample was unique for each pancreas, donors had similar levels of proinsulin/insulin expression. PC2 expression in beta cells showed less pronounced inter- and intraislet variation while CPE levels were fairly constant. The relationship between PC1/3 and PC2 expression levels was variable among different donors. Type 2 diabetes had an uneven effect on the expression levels of all three enzymes as they decrease only in some islets in a section. These findings suggest the presence of intraislet, but not interislet, variation in the expression of the proinsulin processing enzymes in non-diabetic subjects and a heterogeneous effect of type 2 diabetes on enzyme expression in islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Teitelman
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Harno E, Gali Ramamoorthy T, Coll AP, White A. POMC: The Physiological Power of Hormone Processing. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2381-2430. [PMID: 30156493 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the archetypal polypeptide precursor of hormones and neuropeptides. In this review, we examine the variability in the individual peptides produced in different tissues and the impact of the simultaneous presence of their precursors or fragments. We also discuss the problems inherent in accurately measuring which of the precursors and their derived peptides are present in biological samples. We address how not being able to measure all the combinations of precursors and fragments quantitatively has affected our understanding of the pathophysiology associated with POMC processing. To understand how different ratios of peptides arise, we describe the role of the pro-hormone convertases (PCs) and their tissue specificities and consider the cellular processing pathways which enable regulated secretion of different peptides that play crucial roles in integrating a range of vital physiological functions. In the pituitary, correct processing of POMC peptides is essential to maintain the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and this processing can be disrupted in POMC-expressing tumors. In hypothalamic neurons expressing POMC, abnormalities in processing critically impact on the regulation of appetite, energy homeostasis, and body composition. More work is needed to understand whether expression of the POMC gene in a tissue equates to release of bioactive peptides. We suggest that this comprehensive view of POMC processing, with a focus on gaining a better understanding of the combination of peptides produced and their relative bioactivity, is a necessity for all involved in studying this fascinating physiological regulatory phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Harno
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Thanuja Gali Ramamoorthy
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Coll
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Anne White
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vaeroy H, Schneider F, Fetissov SO. Neurobiology of Aggressive Behavior-Role of Autoantibodies Reactive With Stress-Related Peptide Hormones. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:872. [PMID: 31866881 PMCID: PMC6904880 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocorticotropic hormone together with arginine vasopressin and oxytocin, the neuropeptides regulating the stress response and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, are known to modulate aggressive behavior. The functional role of the adrenocorticotropic hormone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies in peptidergic signaling and motivated behavior, including aggression, has been shown in experimental and in vitro models. This review summarizes some experimental data implicating autoantibodies reactive with stress-related peptides in aggressive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Vaeroy
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Frida Schneider
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Sergueï O Fetissov
- Inserm UMR1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, University of Rouen Normandy, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
RATIONALE Hyperpigmentation is a common skin disease. However, there are few reported cases of Grave's disease with diffuse hyperpigmentation. We hereby described a rare case with diffuse hyperpigmentation induced by Grave's disease. PATIENT CONCERNS A 42-year-old Chinese woman with accumulated general pigmentation of skin was admitted to our hospital in October 2017. On examination, hyperpigmentation was observed throughout the whole body, especially on the extremities and the face. DIAGNOSES The patient has elevated levels of serum free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), reduced levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and positive anti-TSH receptor antibody (TRAb). She presented with grade I goiter and a diffusely increased thyroid uptake to 18.5% in thyroid scan. Histopathological examination demonstrated melanin pigmentation in the pigmented skin area. The patient was diagnosed with hyperpigmentation induced by Grave's disease. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with oral methimazole (15 mg/day) for thyroid dysfunction and beta blocker for symptom control. OUTCOMES After a period of treatment with methimazole and beta blocker, symptoms of hyperthyroidism ameliorated and hyperpigmentation abated. LESSONS Our studies proposed that in this case the diffuse hyperpigmentation in Grave's disease was caused by elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) as well as anti- TSH receptor stimulating antibody instead of enhanced capillary fragility. Other potential mechanisms for skin pigmentation in hyperthyroidism still need further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Yimin Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Li Han
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | | | - Yuezhong Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yuan H, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Wang S, Li Y, Zhang Y, Jing J, Qiu J, Wang Z, Leng L. Comparative transcriptome profiles of Lindian chicken eyelids identify melanin genes controlling eyelid pigmentation. Br Poult Sci 2018; 60:15-22. [PMID: 30421986 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1544414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
1. During the long history of chicken domestication, eyelid colour, like skin colour and shank colour, has been one of the physical traits of Chinese indigenous chickens that influence consumer buying behaviour. In China, the Lindian chicken, which has coloured feathers, is renowned for the appetizing flavour of its meat and eggs, and its eyelid colours vary from deep (black) to light shades (light yellow). 2. To investigate genes involved in eyelid colour, the expression profiles of black and light-yellow eyelids of Lindian chickens were analysed with transcriptome sequencing. 3. A total of 13 466 genes were detected in the eyelids, among which 14 were differentially expressed. Among these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), three key genes, premelanosome protein (PMEL), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), and tyrosinase (TYR), encoded proteins that positively regulate melanogenesis and melanin deposition. PMEL, DCT and TYR were expressed much more strongly in the black eyelids than in the light-yellow eyelids. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that tyrosine metabolism and melanogenesis genes were significantly enriched among these DEGs (corrected P < 0.05). 4. In conclusion, melanin may be one of the main factors involved in Lindian chicken eyelid colour. Furthermore, these results provide a valuable resource for the future study of the physical traits of Lindian chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Yuan
- a Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding and Rural Affairs , Ministry of Agriculture , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - X Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding and Rural Affairs , Ministry of Agriculture , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Q Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding and Rural Affairs , Ministry of Agriculture , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Y Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding and Rural Affairs , Ministry of Agriculture , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - S Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding and Rural Affairs , Ministry of Agriculture , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Y Li
- a Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding and Rural Affairs , Ministry of Agriculture , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Y Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding and Rural Affairs , Ministry of Agriculture , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - J Jing
- a Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding and Rural Affairs , Ministry of Agriculture , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - J Qiu
- a Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding and Rural Affairs , Ministry of Agriculture , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Z Wang
- b Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - L Leng
- c College of Animal Science and Technology , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kirwan P, Kay RG, Brouwers B, Herranz-Pérez V, Jura M, Larraufie P, Jerber J, Pembroke J, Bartels T, White A, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Farooqi IS, O'Rahilly S, Merkle FT. Quantitative mass spectrometry for human melanocortin peptides in vitro and in vivo suggests prominent roles for β-MSH and desacetyl α-MSH in energy homeostasis. Mol Metab 2018; 17:82-97. [PMID: 30201275 PMCID: PMC6197775 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lack of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived melanocortin peptides results in hypoadrenalism and severe obesity in both humans and rodents that is treatable with synthetic melanocortins. However, there are significant differences in POMC processing between humans and rodents, and little is known about the relative physiological importance of POMC products in the human brain. The aim of this study was to determine which POMC-derived peptides are present in the human brain, to establish their relative concentrations, and to test if their production is dynamically regulated. METHODS We analysed both fresh post-mortem human hypothalamic tissue and hypothalamic neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine the sequence and quantify the production of hypothalamic neuropeptides, including those derived from POMC. RESULTS In both in vitro and in vivo hypothalamic cells, LC-MS/MS revealed the sequence of hundreds of neuropeptides as a resource for the field. Although the existence of β-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) is controversial, we found that both this peptide and desacetyl α-MSH (d-α-MSH) were produced in considerable excess of acetylated α-MSH. In hPSC-derived hypothalamic neurons, these POMC derivatives were appropriately trafficked, secreted, and their production was significantly (P < 0.0001) increased in response to the hormone leptin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings challenge the assumed pre-eminence of α-MSH and suggest that in humans, d-α-MSH and β-MSH are likely to be the predominant physiological products acting on melanocortin receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kirwan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Richard G Kay
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bas Brouwers
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, 46980 Valencia, Spain; Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Magdalena Jura
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Julie Jerber
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK; Open Targets, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jason Pembroke
- LGC Ltd., Newmarket Road, Fordham, Cambridgeshire, CB7 5WW, UK
| | - Theresa Bartels
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Anne White
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Florian T Merkle
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Serre C, Busuttil V, Botto JM. Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of human skin melanogenesis and pigmentation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:328-347. [PMID: 29752874 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In human skin, melanogenesis is a tightly regulated process. Indeed, several extracellular signals are transduced via dedicated signalling pathways and mostly converge to MITF, a transcription factor integrating upstream signalling and regulating downstream genes involved in the various inherent mechanisms modulating melanogenesis. The synthesis of melanin pigments occurs in melanocytes inside melanosomes where melanogenic enzymes (tyrosinase and related proteins) are addressed with the help of specific protein complexes. The melanosomes loaded with melanin are then transferred to keratinocytes. A more elaborate level of melanogenesis regulation comes into play via the action of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, lncRNAs). Besides this canonical regulation, melanogenesis can also be modulated by other non-specific intrinsic pathways (hormonal environment, inflammation) and by extrinsic factors (solar irradiation such as ultraviolet irradiation, environmental pollution). We developed a bioinformatic interaction network gathering the multiple aspects of melanogenesis and skin pigmentation as a resource to better understand and study skin pigmentation biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Serre
- Global Skin Research Center, Ashland, 655, route du Pin Montard, Sophia Antipolis, 06904, France
| | - V Busuttil
- Global Skin Research Center, Ashland, 655, route du Pin Montard, Sophia Antipolis, 06904, France
| | - J-M Botto
- Global Skin Research Center, Ashland, 655, route du Pin Montard, Sophia Antipolis, 06904, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Autophagic cell death participates in POMC-induced melanoma suppression. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:11. [PMID: 30062060 PMCID: PMC6060113 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia in tumors is known to trigger the pro-survival pathways such as autophagy. Systemic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene therapy suppresses melanoma through apoptosis induction and neovascularization blockage. In this study, we investigated the crosstalk between autophagic and apoptotic signaling in POMC-mediated melanoma suppression. By histological and immunoblot analysis, it was shown that POMC-treated melanoma tissues exhibited the prominent LC3 immunostaining, which was correlated with reduced CD31-positive tumor vascularization. Such autophagy induction could be recapitulated in melanoma cells receiving POMC gene delivery and hypoxia-mimicking agent cobalt chloride (CoCl2). We then utilized the POMC-derived peptide α-MSH with CoCl2 to elicit the autophagy as well as apoptosis in cultured melanoma cells. To delineate the role of autophagy during cell death, application of autophagy-inducer rapamycin enhanced, whereas autophagy inhibitor 3-MA attenuated, the α-MSH-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. Genetic silencing of ATG5, an autophagy regulator, by RNA interference perturbed the α-MSH-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. Finally, it was delineated that α-MSH stimulated the HIF-1α signaling as well as the expression of BNIP3/BNIP3L, thereby promoting the autophagy and apoptosis in melanoma cells. Therefore, the present study unveiled a unique function of autophagy in promoting cell death during POMC-mediated melanoma suppression via α-MSH/HIF-1α/BNIP3/BNIP3L signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
49
|
Okhovatian F, Rezaei Tavirani M, Rostami-Nejad M, Rezaei Tavirani S. Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis Revealed a New Prospective of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Galen Med J 2018; 7:e1137. [PMID: 34466439 PMCID: PMC8344167 DOI: 10.22086/gmj.v0i0.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is known by a number of mental disorders, including recurring memories of trauma, mental appalling, and escaping of sign that make them recall the trauma in question. Clinical interviews serve as the main diagnostic tool for PTSD. With respect to treatment, either pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy or a combination of both is used as a therapeutic method for PTSD. In this study, a number of crucial genes related to PTSD, which can be considered as biomarker candidates, were represented. Materials and Methods The genes related to PTSD were extracted from the STRING database and organized in a protein-protein interaction network with the help of Cytoscape software version 3.6.0. The network was analyzed, and the important genes were introduced based on central indices. The biological processes related to the crucial genes were enriched via gene ontology using ClueGO. Results From a total of 100 genes, 63 genes were extracted that formed the main connected component, and of these, 12 crucial genes-POMC, BDNF, FOS, NR3C1, CRH, IL6, NPS, HTR1A, NPY, CREB1, CRHR1, and TAC1-were introduced. Biological processes were classified into the regulation of corticosterone, regulation of behavior, response to fungus, multicellular organism response to stress, and associative learning. Conclusion The introduced 12 crucial genes can be used as a biomarker panel related to PTSD and can be considered as a diagnostic reagent or drug target; however, more investigations are needed to use these genes as biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Okhovatian
- Physiotherapy Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Rezaei Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Do Neuroendocrine Peptides and Their Receptors Qualify as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Osteoarthritis? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020367. [PMID: 29373492 PMCID: PMC5855589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Joint tissues like synovium, articular cartilage, meniscus and subchondral bone, are targets for neuropeptides. Resident cells of these tissues express receptors for various neuroendocrine-derived peptides including proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, i.e., α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and β-endorphin (β-ED), and sympathetic neuropeptides like vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide y (NPY). Melanocortins attained particular attention due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in several tissues and organs. In particular, α-MSH, ACTH and specific melanocortin-receptor (MCR) agonists appear to have promising anti-inflammatory actions demonstrated in animal models of experimentally induced arthritis and osteoarthritis (OA). Sympathetic neuropeptides have obtained increasing attention as they have crucial trophic effects that are critical for joint tissue and bone homeostasis. VIP and NPY are implicated in direct and indirect activation of several anabolic signaling pathways in bone and synovial cells. Additionally, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) proved to be chondroprotective and, thus, might be a novel target in OA. Taken together, it appears more and more likely that the anabolic effects of these neuroendocrine peptides or their respective receptor agonists/antagonists may be exploited for the treatment of patients with inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases in the future.
Collapse
|