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Mitterer W, Odri Komazec I, Huber E, Schaefer B, Posod A, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U. Young hearts, early risks: novel cardiovascular biomarkers in former very preterm infants at kindergarten age. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03210-7. [PMID: 38658663 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is associated with long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In adults, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), α-Klotho, and secretoneurin have all garnered attention as cardiovascular biomarkers, but their utility in pediatric populations has not yet been ascertained. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate these novel cardiovascular biomarkers and their association with indicators of cardiovascular impairment in the highly vulnerable population of former very preterm infants. METHODS Five- to seven-year-old children born at < 32 weeks' gestation were eligible for the study. Healthy same-aged children born at term served as controls. Biomarkers were quantified in fasting blood samples, and echocardiographic measurements including assessment of aortic elastic properties were obtained. RESULTS We included 26 former very preterm infants and 21 term-born children in the study. At kindergarten age, former very preterm infants exhibited significantly higher plasma concentrations of biologically active intact FGF-23 (iFGF-23; mean 43.2 pg/mL vs. 29.1 pg/mL, p = 0.003) and secretoneurin (median 93.8 pmol/L vs. 70.5 pmol/L, p = 0.046). iFGF-23 inversely correlated with distensibility of the descending aorta. CONCLUSION In preterm-born children, iFGF-23 and secretoneurin both offer prospects as valuable cardiovascular biomarkers, potentially allowing for risk stratification and timely implementation of preventive measures. IMPACT Former very preterm infants have increased plasma concentrations of the novel cardiovascular biomarkers intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (iFGF-23) and secretoneurin at kindergarten age. Increases in iFGF-23 concentrations are associated with decreased distensibility of the descending aorta even at this early age. Monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors is essential in individuals with a history of preterm birth. Both iFGF-23 and secretoneurin hold promise as clinically valuable biomarkers for risk stratification, enabling the implementation of early preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Mitterer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage GmbH, Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irena Odri Komazec
- Department of Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Huber
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benedikt Schaefer
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Posod
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Gwon MG, Leem J, An HJ, Gu H, Bae S, Kim JH, Park KK. The decoy oligodeoxynucleotide against HIF-1α and STAT5 ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like mouse model. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102036. [PMID: 37799329 PMCID: PMC10550406 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease caused by an immune disorder. Mast cells are known to be activated and granulated to maintain an allergic reaction, including rhinitis, asthma, and AD. Although hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) play crucial roles in mast cell survival and granulation, their effects need to be clarified in allergic disorders. Thus, we designed decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) synthetic DNA, without open ends, containing complementary sequences for HIF-1α and STAT5 to suppress the transcriptional activities of HIF-1α and STAT5. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of HIF-1α/STAT5 ODN using AD-like in vivo and in vitro models. The HIF-1α/STAT5 decoy ODN significantly alleviated cutaneous symptoms similar to AD, including morphology changes, immune cell infiltration, skin barrier dysfunction, and inflammatory response. In the AD model, it also inhibited mast cell infiltration and degranulation in skin tissue. These results suggest that the HIF-1α/STAT5 decoy ODN ameliorates the AD-like disorder and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-induced mast cell activation by disrupting HIF-1α/STAT5 signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility of HIF-1α/STAT5 as therapeutic targets and their decoy ODN as a potential therapeutic tool for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjae Bae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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3
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Xie S, Yao Y, Wen H, Li Y, Lyu L, Wang X, Li J, Yan S, Zuo C, Wang Z, Qi X. Function of secretoneurin in regulating the expression of reproduction-related genes in ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 266:110852. [PMID: 37028701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Secretoneurin (SN), a conserved peptide derived from secretogranin-2 (scg2), also known as secretogranin II or chromogranin C, plays an important role in regulating gonadotropin in the pituitary, which affects the reproductive system. This study aimed to clarify the mode of action of scg2 in regulating gonad development and maturation and the expression of mating behavior-related genes. Two scg2 cDNAs were cloned from the ovoviviparity teleost black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). In situ hybridization detected positive scg2 mRNA signals in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, where sgnrh and kisspeptin neurons were reported to be located and potentially regulated by scg2. In vivo, intracerebral ventricular injections of synthetic black rockfish SNa affected brain cgnrh, sgnrh, kisspeptin1, pituitary lh and fsh and gonad steroidogenesis-related gene expression levels with sex dimorphism. In vitro, a similar effect was found in primary cultured brain and pituitary cells. Thus, SN could contribute to the regulation of gonadal development, as well as reproductive behaviors, including mating and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yijia Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaojing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenpeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Administration Department, Weihai Taifeng Seawater Seedling Co., LTD, Weihai, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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4
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Güngör İ, Yadigaroğlu M, Akpınar ÇK, Güzel M, Akyüz MF, Yanık HT, Görgün S, Yücel M. Evaluation of Serum Secretoneurin Levels in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Who Underwent Mechanical Thrombectomy. Cureus 2023; 15:e36705. [PMID: 37113363 PMCID: PMC10129046 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is a focal or global cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin; its treatment aims to provide reperfusion. Secretoneurin is a hypoxia-sensitive biomarker found in high concentrations in brain tissue. We aim to determine secretoneurin levels in patients with ischemic stroke, examine how secretoneurin levels change in the mechanical thrombectomy group, and evaluate the correlation with disease severity and prognosis. Methods Twenty-two patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke in the emergency department underwent mechanical thrombectomy, and twenty healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum secretoneurin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Secretoneurin levels were measured at the 0th hour, 12th hour, and 5th day in patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. Results Serum secretoneurin levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the patient group (7.43 ng/mL) compared to the control group (5.90 ng/mL) (p=0.023). The secretoneurin levels of the patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy were 7.43 ng/mL, 7.04 ng/mL, and 8.65 ng/mL, measured at the 0th hour, 12th hour, and 5th day, respectively, and no significant difference was detected in all three time periods (p=0.142). Conclusion Secretoneurin appears to be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of stroke. However, it was found that there was no prognostic value in the mechanical thrombectomy group, and it was not correlated with the severity of the disease.
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Barzegari A, Omidi Y, Gueguen V, Meddahi-Pellé A, Letourneur D, Pavon-Djavid G. Nesting and fate of transplanted stem cells in hypoxic/ischemic injured tissues: The role of HIF1α/sirtuins and downstream molecular interactions. Biofactors 2023; 49:6-20. [PMID: 32939878 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nesting mechanisms and programming for the fate of implanted stem cells in the damaged tissue have been critical issues in designing and achieving cell therapies. The fracture site can induce senescence or apoptosis based on the surrounding harsh conditions, hypoxia, and oxidative stress (OS). Respiration deficiency, disruption in energy metabolism, and consequently OS induction change the biophysical, biochemical, and cellular components of the native tissue. Additionally, the homeostatic molecular players and cell signaling might be changed. Despite all aforementioned issues, in the native stem cell niche, physiological hypoxia is not toxic; rather, it is vitally required for homing, self-renewal, and differentiation. Hence, the key macromolecular players involved in the support of stem cell survival and re-adaptation to a new dysfunctional niche must be understood for managing the cell therapy outcome. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha is the master transcriptional regulator, involved in the cell response to hypoxia and the adaptation of stem cells to a new niche. This protein is regulated by interaction with sirtuins. Sirtuins are highly conserved NAD+-dependent enzymes that monitor the cellular energy status and modulate gene transcription, genome stability, and energy metabolism in response to environmental signals to modulate the homing and fate of stem cells. Herein, new insights into the nesting of stem cells in hypoxic-ischemic injured tissues were provided and their programming in a new dysfunctional niche along with the involved complex macromolecular players were critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Anne Meddahi-Pellé
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
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Strickland RG, Garner MA, Gross AK, Girkin CA. Remodeling of the Lamina Cribrosa: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158068. [PMID: 35897642 PMCID: PMC9329908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. The chronic disease is characterized by optic nerve degeneration and vision field loss. The reduction of intraocular pressure remains the only proven glaucoma treatment, but it does not prevent further neurodegeneration. There are three major classes of cells in the human optic nerve head (ONH): lamina cribrosa (LC) cells, glial cells, and scleral fibroblasts. These cells provide support for the LC which is essential to maintain healthy retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. All these cells demonstrate responses to glaucomatous conditions through extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, investigations into alternative therapies that alter the characteristic remodeling response of the ONH to enhance the survival of RGC axons are prevalent. Understanding major remodeling pathways in the ONH may be key to developing targeted therapies that reduce deleterious remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Strickland
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Mary Anne Garner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Alecia K. Gross
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Christopher A. Girkin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-325-8620
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Myhre PL, Ottesen AH, Faaren AL, Tveit SH, Springett J, Pyylampi J, Stridsberg M, Christensen G, Høiseth AD, Omland T, Røsjø H. Performance of a Novel Research-Use-Only Secretoneurin ELISA in Patients with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome: Comparison with an Established Secretoneurin Radioimmunoassay. Cardiology 2021; 146:566-574. [PMID: 34284402 DOI: 10.1159/000517444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating secretoneurin (SN) concentrations, as measured by established radioimmunoassay (RIA), risk stratify patients with cardiovascular disease. We now report data for a recently developed research-use-only SN enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS SN ELISA was developed according to industry standards and tested in 401 unselected chest pain patients. Blood samples were drawn <24 h from admission, and we adjudicated all hospitalizations as ACS or non-ACS. The mean follow-up was 6.2 years. RESULTS SN ELISA with 2 monoclonal sheep anti-SN antibodies has a measuring range of 10-250 pmol/L and demonstrates excellent analytical precision and accuracy across the range of SN concentrations. SN measured by ELISA and RIA correlated in the chest pain patients: rho = 0.39, p < 0.001. SN concentrations were higher in ACS patients (n = 161 [40%]) than in non-ACS patients (n = 240) for both assays, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.61-0.71) for ELISA and 0.59 (0.54-0.65) for RIA. SN concentrations were also higher in nonsurvivors (n = 65 [16%]) than survivors, with an AUC of 0.72 (0.65-0.79) for ELISA versus 0.64 (0.56-0.72) for RIA, p = 0.007, for difference between assays. Adjusting for age, sex, blood pressure, previous myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure in multivariable analysis, SN concentrations as measured by ELISA, but not RIA, remained associated with mortality, with a hazard ratio of 1.71 (1.03-2.84), p = 0.038. CONCLUSIONS The novel SN ELISA has excellent performance, higher AUC for diagnosis, and superior prognostic accuracy compared to the established RIA in chest pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder L Myhre
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anett H Ottesen
- Division for Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sjur H Tveit
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Mats Stridsberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Didrik Høiseth
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Division of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division for Research and Innovation, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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8
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The Emerging Roles of Chromogranins and Derived Polypeptides in Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116118. [PMID: 34204153 PMCID: PMC8201018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA), B (CgB), and C (CgC), the family members of the granin glycoproteins, are associated with diabetes. These proteins are abundantly expressed in neurons, endocrine, and neuroendocrine cells. They are also present in other areas of the body. Patients with diabetic retinopathy have higher levels of CgA, CgB, and CgC in the vitreous humor. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients have high CgA and low CgB levels in the circulating blood. Plasma CgA levels are increased in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. CgA is the precursor to several functional peptides, including catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, pancreastatin, chromofungin, and many others. Catestatin, vasostain-1, and vasostatin-2 suppress the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Catestatin and vasostatin-1 suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in human macrophages. Catestatin and vasostatin-2, but not vasostatin-1, suppress the proliferation and these three peptides suppress the migration in human vascular smooth muscles. Chronic infusion of catestatin, vasostatin-1, or vasostatin-2 suppresses the development of atherosclerosis of the aorta in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, and chromofungin protect ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats. Since pancreastatin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and regulates glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissues, pancreastatin inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) improves insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Catestatin stimulates therapeutic angiogenesis in the mouse hind limb ischemia model. Gene therapy with secretoneurin, a CgC-derived peptide, stimulates postischemic neovascularization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and improves diabetic neuropathy in db/db mice. Therefore, CgA is a biomarker for atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. CgA- and CgC--derived polypeptides provide the therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and ischemia-induced tissue damages. PSTi8 is useful in the treatment of diabetes.
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Ottesen AH, Carlson CR, Eken OS, Sadredini M, Myhre PL, Shen X, Dalhus B, Laver DR, Lunde PK, Kurola J, Lunde M, Hoff JE, Godang K, Sjaastad I, Pettilä V, Stridsberg M, Lehnart SE, Edwards AG, Lunde IG, Omland T, Stokke MK, Christensen G, Røsjø H, Louch WE. Secretoneurin Is an Endogenous Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Inhibitor That Attenuates Ca 2+-Dependent Arrhythmia. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 12:e007045. [PMID: 30943765 DOI: 10.1161/circep.118.007045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating SN (secretoneurin) concentrations are increased in patients with myocardial dysfunction and predict poor outcome. Because SN inhibits CaMKIIδ (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ) activity, we hypothesized that upregulation of SN in patients protects against cardiomyocyte mechanisms of arrhythmia. METHODS Circulating levels of SN and other biomarkers were assessed in patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT; n=8) and in resuscitated patients after ventricular arrhythmia-induced cardiac arrest (n=155). In vivo effects of SN were investigated in CPVT mice (RyR2 [ryanodine receptor 2]-R2474S) using adeno-associated virus-9-induced overexpression. Interactions between SN and CaMKIIδ were mapped using pull-down experiments, mutagenesis, ELISA, and structural homology modeling. Ex vivo actions were tested in Langendorff hearts and effects on Ca2+ homeostasis examined by fluorescence (fluo-4) and patch-clamp recordings in isolated cardiomyocytes. RESULTS SN levels were elevated in patients with CPVT and following ventricular arrhythmia-induced cardiac arrest. In contrast to NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) and hs-TnT (high-sensitivity troponin T), circulating SN levels declined after resuscitation, as the risk of a new arrhythmia waned. Myocardial pro-SN expression was also increased in CPVT mice, and further adeno-associated virus-9-induced overexpression of SN attenuated arrhythmic induction during stress testing with isoproterenol. Mechanistic studies mapped SN binding to the substrate binding site in the catalytic region of CaMKIIδ. Accordingly, SN attenuated isoproterenol induced autophosphorylation of Thr287-CaMKIIδ in Langendorff hearts and inhibited CaMKIIδ-dependent RyR phosphorylation. In line with CaMKIIδ and RyR inhibition, SN treatment decreased Ca2+ spark frequency and dimensions in cardiomyocytes during isoproterenol challenge, and reduced the incidence of Ca2+ waves, delayed afterdepolarizations, and spontaneous action potentials. SN treatment also lowered the incidence of early afterdepolarizations during isoproterenol; an effect paralleled by reduced magnitude of L-type Ca2+ current. CONCLUSIONS SN production is upregulated in conditions with cardiomyocyte Ca2+ dysregulation and offers compensatory protection against cardiomyocyte mechanisms of arrhythmia, which may underlie its putative use as a biomarker in at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett H Ottesen
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway (A.H.O., P.L.M., J.E.H., T.O., H.R.).,Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine R Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Søvik Eken
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Mani Sadredini
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Peder L Myhre
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway (A.H.O., P.L.M., J.E.H., T.O., H.R.).,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Xin Shen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Dalhus
- Department for Microbiology, Clinic for Laboratory Medicine (B.D.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Department for Medical Biochemistry, Institute for Clinical Medicine (B.D.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Derek R Laver
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia (D.R.L.)
| | - Per Kristian Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jouni Kurola
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.K.)
| | - Marianne Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Erik Hoff
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway (A.H.O., P.L.M., J.E.H., T.O., H.R.)
| | - Kristin Godang
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology (K.G.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research (I.S., G.C., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ville Pettilä
- Division of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki & Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (V.P.)
| | - Mats Stridsberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (M. Stridsberg)
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, University Medicine Center Goettingen, Germany (S.E.L.)
| | - Andrew G Edwards
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway.,Simula Research Laboratory, Fornebu, Norway (A.G.E)
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway (A.H.O., P.L.M., J.E.H., T.O., H.R.).,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathis K Stokke
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research (I.S., G.C., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Røsjø
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway (A.H.O., P.L.M., J.E.H., T.O., H.R.).,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., M.K.S., G.C., W.E.L.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research (A.H.O., C.R.C., O.S.E., M. Sadredini, P.L.M., X.S., P.K.L., M.L., I.S., A.G.E., I.G.L., T.O., M.K.S., G.C., H.R., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research (I.S., G.C., W.E.L.), University of Oslo, Norway
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10
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Kim J, Thompson B, Han S, Lotan Y, McDonald JG, Ye J. Uptake of HDL-cholesterol contributes to lipid accumulation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:158525. [PMID: 31513923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which accounts for the majority of kidney cancer, is known to accumulate excess cholesterol. However, the mechanism and functional significance of the lipid accumulation for development of the cancer remains obscure. In this study, we analyzed 42 primary ccRCC samples, and determined that cholesterol levels of ~ 70% of the tumors were at least two-fold higher than that of benign kidney tissues. Compared to tumors without cholesterol accumulation, those containing excess cholesterol expressed higher levels of scavenger receptor BI (SR-B1), a receptor for uptake of HDL-associated cholesterol, but not genes involved in cholesterol synthesis and uptake of LDL-associated cholesterol. To further determine the roles of sterol accumulation for cancer development, we implanted ccRCC from patients into mouse kidneys using a mouse ccRCC xenograft model. Feeding mice with probucol, a compound lowing HDL-cholesterol, markedly reduced levels of cholesterol in tumors containing excess cholesterol. This treatment, however, did not affect growth of these tumors. Our study suggests that cholesterol overaccumulation in ccRCC is the consequence of increased uptake of HDL-cholesterol as a result of SR-B1 overexpression, but the lipid accumulation by itself may not play a significant role in progression of the cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungYeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bonne Thompson
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sungwon Han
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jin Ye
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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11
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You J, Feng L, Bao L, Xin M, Ma D, Feng J. Potential Applications of Remote Limb Ischemic Conditioning for Chronic Cerebral Circulation Insufficiency. Front Neurol 2019; 10:467. [PMID: 31130914 PMCID: PMC6509171 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI) refers to a chronic decrease in cerebral blood perfusion, which may lead to cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders such as depression, and acute ischemic stroke. Remote limb ischemic conditioning (RLIC), in which the limbs are subjected to a series of transient ischemic attacks, can activate multiple endogenous protective mechanisms to attenuate fatal ischemic injury to distant organs due to acute ischemia, such as ischemic stroke. Recent studies have also reported that RLIC can alleviate dysfunction in distant organs caused by chronic, non-fatal reductions in blood supply (e.g., CCCI). Indeed, research has indicated that RLIC may exert neuroprotective effects against CCCI through a variety of potential mechanisms, including attenuated glutamate excitotoxicity, improved endothelial function, increased cerebral blood flow, regulation of autophagy and immune responses, suppression of apoptosis, the production of protective humoral factors, and attenuated accumulation of amyloid-β. Verification of these findings is necessary to improve prognosis and reduce the incidence of acute ischemic stroke/cognitive impairment in patients with CCCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulin You
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liangshu Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liyang Bao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meiying Xin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Liu W, Wang F, Zhao M, Fan Y, Cai W, Luo M. The Neuropeptide Secretoneurin Exerts a Direct Effect on Arteriogenesis In Vivo and In Vitro. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1917-1927. [PMID: 30288932 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that nerves modulate the development and remodeling of blood vessels by releasing different neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. Secretoneurin (SN), a neuropeptide located in nerve fibers along blood vessels, acts as a pro-angiogenic agent and induces postnatal vasculogenesis. However, little is known about its involvement in arteriogenesis. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that SN promotes arteriogenesis in a rat model of hind limb ischemia, as such, we evaluated the effect of this neuropeptide on proliferation and the production of adhesion and chemotaxis molecules in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the main component that carries the burden of the transformation of a small arteriole into a large collateral vessel. In vivo, SN-immunoreactive nerve fibers were abundantly distributed in the adventitia of the collateral vessel. Moreover, administration of SN induced cell proliferation in the vascular wall and the infiltration of inflammatory cells/macrophages to promote collateral vessel growth. This was shown by an increased density of arterioles/arteries, together with a well-developed network of collateral vessels, and well-preserved skeletal muscles. In vitro, SN exerted proliferative effects on VSMCs and stimulated these cells to express adhesion molecules. In conclusion, our data demonstrate for the first time that SN acts as a mediator of inflammation, contributing to collateral vessel growth, in addition to directly stimulating cell proliferation in the vascular wall to promote collateral vessel growth in a rat model of hind limb ischemia. Anat Rec, 301:1917-1927, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weijun Cai
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingying Luo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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13
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Dallas A, Trotsyuk A, Ilves H, Bonham CA, Rodrigues M, Engel K, Barrera JA, Kosaric N, Stern-Buchbinder ZA, White A, Mandell KJ, Hammond PT, Mansbridge J, Jayasena S, Gurtner GC, Johnston BH. Acceleration of Diabetic Wound Healing with PHD2- and miR-210-Targeting Oligonucleotides. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 25:44-54. [PMID: 29644938 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetes-associated chronic wounds, the normal response to hypoxia is impaired and many cellular processes involved in wound healing are hindered. Central to the hypoxia response is hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which activates multiple factors that enhance wound healing by promoting cellular motility and proliferation, new vessel formation, and re-epithelialization. Prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2) regulates HIF-1α activity by targeting it for degradation under normoxia. HIF-1α also upregulates microRNA miR-210, which in turn regulates proteins involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, and mitochondrial respiration in ways that are antagonistic to wound repair. We have identified a highly potent short synthetic hairpin RNA (sshRNA) that inhibits expression of PHD2 and an antisense oligonucleotide (antimiR) that inhibits miR-210. Both oligonucleotides were chemically modified for improved biostability and to mitigate potential immunostimulatory effects. Using the sshRNA to silence PHD2 transcripts stabilizes HIF-1α and, in combination with the antimiR targeting miR-210, increases proliferation and migration of keratinocytes in vitro. To assess activity and delivery in an impaired wound healing model in diabetic mice, PHD2-targeting sshRNAs and miR-210 antimiRs both alone and in combination were formulated for local delivery to wounds using layer-by-layer (LbL) technology. LbL nanofabrication was applied to incorporate sshRNA into a thin polymer coating on a Tegaderm mesh. This coating gradually degrades under physiological conditions, releasing sshRNA and antimiR for sustained cellular uptake. Formulated treatments were applied directly to splinted full-thickness excisional wounds in db/db mice. Cellular uptake was confirmed using fluorescent sshRNA. Wounds treated with a single application of PHD2 sshRNA or antimiR-210 closed 4 days faster than untreated wounds, and wounds treated with both oligonucleotides closed on average 4.75 days faster. Markers for neovascularization and cell proliferation (CD31 and Ki67, respectively) were increased in the wound area following treatment, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was increased in sshRNA-treated wounds. Our results suggest that silencing of PHD2 and miR-210 either together or separately by localized delivery of sshRNAs and antimiRs is a promising approach for the treatment of chronic wounds, with the potential for rapid clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artem Trotsyuk
- 2 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Clark A Bonham
- 2 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Melanie Rodrigues
- 2 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Karl Engel
- 2 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Janos A Barrera
- 2 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nina Kosaric
- 2 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | | | | | - Paula T Hammond
- 4 Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- 2 Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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14
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Theurl M, Lener D, Albrecht-Schgoer K, Beer A, Schgoer W, Liu Y, Stanzl U, Fischer-Colbrie R, Kirchmair R. Gene therapy with the angiogenic neuropeptide secretoneurin ameliorates experimental diabetic neuropathy. FASEB J 2018; 32:4815-4823. [PMID: 29913555 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701391r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy remains enigmatic. Damage to the vasa nervorum may be responsible for this disorder. Recently, we showed that secretoneurin (SN) induces angiogenesis in hindlimb and myocardial ischemia. Moreover, beneficial effects were observed in wound healing. We therefore hypothesized that SN therapy may ameliorate diabetic neuropathy. We used db/db mice as animal model for neuropathy. Gene therapy was accomplished by intramuscular injection of SN plasmid along the sciatic nerve. Sciatic nerve motor and sensory conduction velocities were then measured for 9 wk. Nerve conduction velocities showed normal values in heterozygous mice for the observational period, but were severely reduced in homozygous mice in which velocities were significantly improved by SN, but not by control plasmid gene therapy. The reaction time in the tail-flick test improved significantly in SN-treated animals. The induction of growth of vasa nervorum seems to be part of the underlying mechanism. In addition, SN positively affected Schwann cell function in vitro and induced activation of important signaling pathways. Our observations suggest that SN exerts beneficial effects on nerve function in vivo and on Schwann cells in vitro. It therefore may be a promising treatment option for diabetic neuropathy.-Theurl, M., Lener, D., Albrecht-Schgoer, K., Beer, A., Schgoer, W., Liu, Y., Stanzl, U., Fischer-Colbrie, R., Kirchmair, R. Gene therapy with the angiogenic neuropeptide secretoneurin ameliorates experimental diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Theurl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Lener
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Albrecht-Schgoer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Translational Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arno Beer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Schgoer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, FengTai, Beijing, China; and
| | - Ursula Stanzl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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N-acetylcysteine effects on a murine model of chronic critical limb ischemia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:454-463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Liu X, Wang S, Wang X, Liang J, Zhang Y. Recent drug therapies for corneal neovascularization. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:653-664. [PMID: 28489275 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology; The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology; The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Xuanzhong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology; The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Jiaming Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology; The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology; The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
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17
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Ciria M, García NA, Ontoria-Oviedo I, González-King H, Carrero R, De La Pompa JL, Montero JA, Sepúlveda P. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration and Proliferation Are Mediated by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Upstream of Notch and SUMO Pathways. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:973-985. [PMID: 28520516 PMCID: PMC5510679 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in treating several pathologies. We and others have demonstrated that hypoxia or hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) stabilization improves several MSC functions, including cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, thereby increasing their therapeutic potential. To further explore the mechanisms induced by HIF-1α in MSCs, we studied its relationship with Notch signaling and observed that overexpression of HIF-1α in MSCs increased protein levels of the Notch ligands Jagged 1-2 and Delta-like (Dll)1, Dll3, and Dll4 and potentiated Notch signaling only when this pathway was activated. Crosstalk between HIF and Notch resulted in Notch-dependent migration and spreading of MSCs, which was abolished by γ-secretase inhibition. However, the HIF-1-induced increase in MSC proliferation was independent of Notch signaling. The ubiquitin family member, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), has important functions in many cellular processes and increased SUMO1 protein levels have been reported in hypoxia. To investigate the potential involvement of SUMOylation in HIF/Notch crosstalk, we measured general SUMOylation levels and observed increased SUMOylation in HIF-1-expressing MSCs. Moreover, proliferation and migration of MSCs were reduced in the presence of a SUMOylation inhibitor, and this effect was particularly robust in HIF-MSCs. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated SUMOylation of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (N1ICD) in HIF-1-expressing MSCs, which contributed to Notch pathway activation and resulted in increased levels of N1ICD nuclear translocation as assessed by subcellular fractionation. SUMOylation of N1ICD was also observed in HEK293T cells with stabilized HIF-1α expression, suggesting that this is a common mechanism in eukaryotic cells. In summary, we describe, for the first time, SUMOylation of N1ICD, which is potentiated by HIF signaling. These phenomena could be relevant for the therapeutic effects of MSCs in hypoxia or under conditions of HIF stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ciria
- 1 Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe , Valencia, Spain .,2 Joint Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia, Spain
| | - Nahuel A García
- 1 Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe , Valencia, Spain .,2 Joint Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia, Spain
| | - Imelda Ontoria-Oviedo
- 1 Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe , Valencia, Spain .,2 Joint Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia, Spain
| | - Hernán González-King
- 1 Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe , Valencia, Spain .,2 Joint Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Carrero
- 1 Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe , Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis De La Pompa
- 3 Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - José Anastasio Montero
- 1 Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe , Valencia, Spain .,2 Joint Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- 1 Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe , Valencia, Spain .,2 Joint Unit for Cardiovascular Repair, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia, Spain
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18
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Troger J, Theurl M, Kirchmair R, Pasqua T, Tota B, Angelone T, Cerra MC, Nowosielski Y, Mätzler R, Troger J, Gayen JR, Trudeau V, Corti A, Helle KB. Granin-derived peptides. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 154:37-61. [PMID: 28442394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The granin family comprises altogether 7 different proteins originating from the diffuse neuroendocrine system and elements of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The family is dominated by three uniquely acidic members, namely chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB) and secretogranin II (SgII). Since the late 1980s it has become evident that these proteins are proteolytically processed, intragranularly and/or extracellularly into a range of biologically active peptides; a number of them with regulatory properties of physiological and/or pathophysiological significance. The aim of this comprehensive overview is to provide an up-to-date insight into the distribution and properties of the well established granin-derived peptides and their putative roles in homeostatic regulations. Hence, focus is directed to peptides derived from the three main granins, e.g. to the chromogranin A derived vasostatins, betagranins, pancreastatin and catestatins, the chromogranin B-derived secretolytin and the secretogranin II-derived secretoneurin (SN). In addition, the distribution and properties of the chromogranin A-derived peptides prochromacin, chromofungin, WE14, parastatin, GE-25 and serpinins, the CgB-peptide PE-11 and the SgII-peptides EM66 and manserin will also be commented on. Finally, the opposing effects of the CgA-derived vasostatin-I and catestatin and the SgII-derived peptide SN on the integrity of the vasculature, myocardial contractility, angiogenesis in wound healing, inflammatory conditions and tumors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Troger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Markus Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Bruno Tota
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria C Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Yvonne Nowosielski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphaela Mätzler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jasmin Troger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Vance Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelo Corti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Karen B Helle
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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Tang K, Pasqua T, Biswas A, Mahata S, Tang J, Tang A, Bandyopadhyay GK, Sinha-Hikim AP, Chi NW, Webster NJG, Corti A, Mahata SK. Muscle injury, impaired muscle function and insulin resistance in Chromogranin A-knockout mice. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:137-153. [PMID: 27799464 PMCID: PMC5287349 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is widely expressed in endocrine and neuroendocrine tissues as well as in the central nervous system. We observed CgA expression (mRNA and protein) in the gastrocnemius (GAS) muscle and found that performance of CgA-deficient Chga-KO mice in treadmill exercise was impaired. Supplementation with CgA in Chga-KO mice restored exercise ability suggesting a novel role for endogenous CgA in skeletal muscle function. Chga-KO mice display (i) lack of exercise-induced stimulation of pAKT, pTBC1D1 and phospho-p38 kinase signaling, (ii) loss of GAS muscle mass, (iii) extensive formation of tubular aggregates (TA), (iv) disorganized cristae architecture in mitochondria, (v) increased expression of the inflammatory cytokines Tnfα, Il6 and Ifnγ, and fibrosis. The impaired maximum running speed and endurance in the treadmill exercise in Chga-KO mice correlated with decreased glucose uptake and glycolysis, defects in glucose oxidation and decreased mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase activity. The lack of adaptation to endurance training correlated with the lack of stimulation of p38MAPK that is known to mediate the response to tissue damage. As CgA sorts proteins to the regulated secretory pathway, we speculate that lack of CgA could cause misfolding of membrane proteins inducing aggregation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes and formation of tubular aggregates that is observed in Chga-KO mice. In conclusion, CgA deficiency renders the muscle energy deficient, impairs performance in treadmill exercise and prevents regeneration after exercise-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechun Tang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Angshuman Biswas
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sumana Mahata
- Division of Biology & Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Tang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alisa Tang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Amiya P Sinha-Hikim
- Charles Drew University of Medicine and ScienceLos Angeles, California, USA
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nai-Wen Chi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan Diego, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J G Webster
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan Diego, California, USA
| | - Angelo Corti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteSan Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan Diego, California, USA
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20
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Scheicher B, Lorenzer C, Gegenbauer K, Partlic J, Andreae F, Kirsch AH, Rosenkranz AR, Werzer O, Zimmer A. Manufacturing of a Secretoneurin Drug Delivery System with Self-Assembled Protamine Nanoparticles by Titration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164149. [PMID: 27828968 PMCID: PMC5102448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since therapeutic peptides and oligonucleotides are gathering interests as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are becoming of great importance. Thereby, the possibility to design drug delivery systems according to the therapeutic needs of APIs enhances clinical implementation. Over the last years, the focus of our group was laid on protamine-oligonucleotide-nanoparticles (so called proticles), however, the possibility to modify the size, zeta potential or loading efficiencies was limited. Therefore, at the present study we integrated a stepwise addition of protamine (titration) into the formation process of proticles loaded with the angiogenic neuropeptide secretoneurin (SN). A particle size around 130 nm was determined when proticles were assembled by the commonly used protamine addition at once. Through application of the protamine titration process it was possible to modify and adjust the particle size between approx. 120 and 1200 nm (dependent on mass ratio) without influencing the SN loading capacity. Dynamic light scattering pointed out that the difference in particle size was most probably the result of a secondary aggregation. Initially-formed particles of early stages in the titration process aggregated towards bigger assemblies. Atomic-force-microscopy images also revealed differences in morphology along with different particle size. In contrast, the SN loading was only influenced by the applied mass ratio, where a slight saturation effect was observable. Up to 65% of deployed SN could be imbedded into the proticle matrix. An in-vivo biodistribution study (i.m.) showed a retarded distribution of SN from the site of injection after the application of a SN-proticle formulation. Further, it was demonstrated that SN loaded proticles can be successfully freeze-dried and resuspended afterwards. To conclude, the integration of the protamine titration process offers new possibilities for the formulation of proticles in order to address key parameters of drug delivery systems as size, API loading or modified drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Scheicher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lorenzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Gegenbauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Partlic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Alexander H. Kirsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander R. Rosenkranz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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21
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Quinolinic acid neurotoxicity: Differential roles of astrocytes and microglia via FGF-2-mediated signaling in redox-linked cytoskeletal changes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:3001-3014. [PMID: 27663072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
QUIN is a glutamate agonist playing a role in the misregulation of the cytoskeleton, which is associated with neurodegeneration in rats. In this study, we focused on microglial activation, FGF2/Erk signaling, gap junctions (GJs), inflammatory parameters and redox imbalance acting on cytoskeletal dynamics of the in QUIN-treated neural cells of rat striatum. FGF-2/Erk signaling was not altered in QUIN-treated primary astrocytes or neurons, however cytoskeleton was disrupted. In co-cultured astrocytes and neurons, QUIN-activated FGF2/Erk signaling prevented the cytoskeleton from remodeling. In mixed cultures (astrocyte, neuron, microglia), QUIN-induced FGF-2 increased level failed to activate Erk and promoted cytoskeletal destabilization. The effects of QUIN in mixed cultures involved redox imbalance upstream of Erk activation. Decreased connexin 43 (Cx43) immunocontent and functional GJs, was also coincident with disruption of the cytoskeleton in primary astrocytes and mixed cultures. We postulate that in interacting astrocytes and neurons the cytoskeleton is preserved against the insult of QUIN by activation of FGF-2/Erk signaling and proper cell-cell interaction through GJs. In mixed cultures, the FGF-2/Erk signaling is blocked by the redox imbalance associated with microglial activation and disturbed cell communication, disrupting the cytoskeleton. Thus, QUIN signal activates differential mechanisms that could stabilize or destabilize the cytoskeleton of striatal astrocytes and neurons in culture, and glial cells play a pivotal role in these responses preserving or disrupting a combination of signaling pathways and cell-cell interactions. Taken together, our findings shed light into the complex role of the active interaction of astrocytes, neurons and microglia in the neurotoxicity of QUIN.
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22
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Wechselberger K, Schmid A, Posod A, Höck M, Neubauer V, Fischer-Colbrie R, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Griesmaier E. Secretoneurin Serum Levels in Healthy Term Neonates and Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy. Neonatology 2016; 110:14-20. [PMID: 26968040 DOI: 10.1159/000444245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is a major cause of neurologic impairment and mortality in neonates. Early knowledge of brain injury is important to guide therapeutic decisions and reliably inform the parents. Increased secretoneurin levels have been detected in adult patients suffering from brain injury and it has also been shown to be a promising early serum biomarker of unfavourable neurological outcome. However, no data are available in neonates. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to obtain reference values for secretoneurin in healthy term neonates and then to assess the potential of this neuropeptide as a biomarker in the context of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in asphyxiated term neonates. METHODS A total number of 139 term neonates, of which 7 were asphyxiated and 132 were healthy, were prospectively enrolled. Secretoneurin serum concentrations were assessed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS In healthy controls, secretoneurin serum concentrations were influenced by the mode of delivery (highest in infants born per vacuum extraction and lowest in infants born per caesarean section) and abnormal cardiotocography. In asphyxiated term neonates, secretoneurin concentrations were higher in umbilical cord blood and significantly lower 48 h after birth in comparison to healthy controls. CONCLUSION Secretoneurin levels are elevated in cord blood in infants suffering from hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia. The potential of secretoneurin as a marker of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury should be further evaluated in larger trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Wechselberger
- Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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23
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Chung HY, Lee SJ, Lee JM, Huh S, Kim HK, Kwon OH, Lim HJ, Oh EJ, Kim TJ, O TM, Waner M. Expression Patterns of HIF-1α Under Hypoxia in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Venous Malformations. Ann Plast Surg 2015; 75:332-7. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Hao L, Zou Z, Tian H, Zhang Y, Song C, Zhou H, Liu L. Novel roles of perivascular nerves on neovascularization. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:353-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-2016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Koltsova SV, Shilov B, Birulina JG, Akimova OA, Haloui M, Kapilevich LV, Gusakova SV, Tremblay J, Hamet P, Orlov SN. Transcriptomic changes triggered by hypoxia: evidence for HIF-1α-independent, [Na+]i/[K+]i-mediated, excitation-transcription coupling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110597. [PMID: 25375852 PMCID: PMC4222758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the relative impact of canonical hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha- (HIF-1α and Na+i/K+i-mediated signaling on transcriptomic changes evoked by hypoxia and glucose deprivation. Incubation of RASMC in ischemic conditions resulted in ∼3-fold elevation of [Na+]i and 2-fold reduction of [K+]i. Using global gene expression profiling we found that Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition by ouabain or K+-free medium in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (RASMC) led to the differential expression of dozens of genes whose altered expression was previously detected in cells subjected to hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion. For further investigations, we selected Cyp1a1, Fos, Atf3, Klf10, Ptgs2, Nr4a1, Per2 and Hes1, i.e. genes possessing the highest increments of expression under sustained Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition and whose implication in the pathogenesis of hypoxia was proved in previous studies. In ouabain-treated RASMC, low-Na+, high-K+ medium abolished amplification of the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio as well as the increased expression of all tested genes. In cells subjected to hypoxia and glucose deprivation, dissipation of the transmembrane gradient of Na+ and K+ completely eliminated increment of Fos, Atf3, Ptgs2 and Per2 mRNAs and sharply diminished augmentation expression of Klf10, Edn1, Nr4a1 and Hes1. In contrast to low-Na+, high-K+ medium, RASMC transfection with Hif-1a siRNA attenuated increments of Vegfa, Edn1, Klf10 and Nr4a1 mRNAs triggered by hypoxia but did not impact Fos, Atf3, Ptgs2 and Per2 expression. Thus, our investigation demonstrates, for the first time, that Na+i/K+i-mediated, Hif-1α- -independent excitation-transcription coupling contributes to transcriptomic changes evoked in RASMC by hypoxia and glucose deprivation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Ouabain/pharmacology
- Rats
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Koltsova
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boris Shilov
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia G. Birulina
- Department of Medical Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga A. Akimova
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mounsif Haloui
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonid V. Kapilevich
- Department of Medical Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Physical Education, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Johanne Tremblay
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pavel Hamet
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergei N. Orlov
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medical Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
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26
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Theurl M, Schgoer W, Albrecht-Schgoer K, Lener D, Wolf D, Wolf M, Demetz E, Tymoszuk P, Tancevski I, Fischer-Colbrie R, Franz WM, Marschang P, Kirchmair R. Secretoneurin gene therapy improves hind limb and cardiac ischaemia in Apo E⁻/⁻ mice without influencing systemic atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 105:96-106. [PMID: 25377726 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and has been shown to influence angiogenesis in the hind limb ischaemia (HLI) model. The impaired up-regulation of angiogenic factors seems to be one of the underlying mechanisms for reduced vessel formation. Since we found that secretoneurin (SN) is up-regulated in hypoxic skeletal muscle cells and exerts beneficial effects in myocardial and HLI, we hypothesized that SN therapy might improve neovascularization in hypercholesterolaemic Apo E(-/-) (Apo E knockout) mice suffering from an impaired vascular response. METHODS AND RESULTS For in vitro experiments, endothelial cells (ECs) were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to mimic hypercholesterolaemia. EC function was impaired by oxLDL, but SN induced EC proliferation and in vitro tube formation under these conditions. In the HLI model, injection of SN plasmid resulted in a significant better outcome regarding blood flow recovery, amputation rate, and vessel density. In the myocardial infarction (MI) model, the SN group showed improvement in cardiac parameters. Aortic plaque area was not influenced by local SN injection. Interestingly, SN-induced recruitment of angiogenic monocytic cells was abolished under hypercholesterolaemia. CONCLUSIONS SN gene therapy exerts beneficial effects in cardiovascular animal models in Apo E(-/-) mice without influencing atherosclerosis and might qualify as a promising therapy for cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Theurl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Wilfried Schgoer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Karin Albrecht-Schgoer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Daniela Lener
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Medical Clinic 3, Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Wolf
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Clinically Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Clinically Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Clinically Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine VI, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang-Michael Franz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Peter Marschang
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, University Hospital of Internal Medicine III, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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27
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Secretoneurin as a marker for hypoxic brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Intensive Care Med 2014; 40:1518-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00134-014-3423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Ashki N, Chan AM, Qin Y, Wang W, Kiyohara M, Lin L, Braun J, Wadehra M, Gordon LK. Peroxynitrite upregulates angiogenic factors VEGF-A, BFGF, and HIF-1α in human corneal limbal epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:1637-46. [PMID: 24398102 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal neovascularization (NV) is a sight-threatening condition often associated with infection, inflammation, prolonged contact lens use, corneal burns, and acute corneal graft rejection. Macrophages recruited to the cornea release nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2(-)), which react together to form the highly toxic molecule peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). The role of ONOO(-) in upregulating multiple angiogenic factors in cultured human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells was investigated. METHODS Human corneal limbal epithelial cells were incubated with 500 μM of ONOO(-) donor for various times. VEGF-A, BFGF, and hypoxic-inducible factor-alpha (HIF-1α) were investigated via Western blot and RT-PCR was performed for VEGF. Functional assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) used conditioned media from ONOO(-)-exposed HCLE cells. Secreted VEGF from conditioned media was detected and analyzed using ELISA. RESULTS Increased angiogenic factors were observed as early as 4 hours after HCLE exposure to ONOO(-). HIF-1 expression was seen at 4, 6, and 8 hours post-ONOO(-) exposure (P < 0.05). BFGF expression was elevated at 4 hours and peaked at 8 hours after treatment with ONOO(-) (P < 0.005). Increased VEGF-A gene expression was observed at 6 and 8 hours post-ONOO(-) treatment. Functional assays using conditioned media showed increased HUVEC migration and tube formation. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to elevated extracellular concentrations of ONOO(-) results in upregulation of angiogenic factors in HCLE cells. It is possible that, in the setting of inflammation or infection, that exposure to ONOO(-) could be one contributor to the complex initiators of corneal NV. Validation in vivo would identify an additional potential control point for corneal NV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Ashki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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29
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Ramakrishnan S, Anand V, Roy S. Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in hypoxia and inflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:142-60. [PMID: 24610033 PMCID: PMC4048289 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infection, cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the major causes for morbidity and mortality in the United States according to the Center for Disease Control. The underlying etiology that contributes to the severity of these diseases is either hypoxia induced inflammation or inflammation resulting in hypoxia. Therefore, molecular mechanisms that regulate hypoxia-induced adaptive responses in cells are important areas of investigation. Oxygen availability is sensed by molecular switches which regulate synthesis and secretion of growth factors and inflammatory mediators. As a consequence, tissue microenvironment is altered by re-programming metabolic pathways, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, pH homeostasis to facilitate tissue remodeling. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is the central mediator of hypoxic response. HIF regulates several hundred genes and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the primary target genes. Understanding the regulation of HIF and its influence on inflammatory response offers unique opportunities for drug development to modulate inflammation and ischemia in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA,
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Peitsch WK, Doerflinger Y, Fischer-Colbrie R, Huck V, Bauer AT, Utikal J, Goerdt S, Schneider SW. Desmoglein 2 depletion leads to increased migration and upregulation of the chemoattractant secretoneurin in melanoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89491. [PMID: 24558503 PMCID: PMC3928442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During development and progression of malignant melanoma, an important role has been attributed to alterations of cell-cell adhesions, in particular, to a “cadherin switch” from E- to N-cadherin. We have previously shown that a subtype of melanoma cells express the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 2 as non-junction-bound cell surface protein in addition to classical cadherins. To study the role of desmoglein 2 in melanoma cells, melanoma lines containing high endogenous amounts of desmoglein 2 were depleted of the protein by RNA interference. Transwell migration and scratch wounding assays showed markedly increased migration upon desmoglein 2 suppression whereas proliferation and viability remained unaltered. In gene expression profiles, desmoglein 2 depletion was associated with overexpression of migration-related genes. Strongest overexpression was found for secretogranin II which has not been reported in melanoma cells before. The bioactive peptide derived from secretogranin II, secretoneurin, is known to exert chemoattractive functions and was demonstrated here to stimulate melanoma cell migration. In summary, we show that desmoglein 2 expression attenuates migration of melanoma cells. The mechanism of desmoglein 2 impaired cell migration is mediated by downregulation of secretogranin II. Loss of desmoglein 2 increases expression of secretogranin II, followed by an enhanced migratory activity of melanoma cells. Our data add a new pathway of regulating melanoma cell migration related to a desmoglein 2 – secretogranin II axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke K. Peitsch
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Yvette Doerflinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Volker Huck
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander T. Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergij Goerdt
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan W. Schneider
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Noguchi T, Kakinuma Y, Arikawa M, Okazaki K, Hoshino E, Iiyama T, Kubo T, Kitaoka H, Doi Y, Sato T. Donepezil Can Improve Ischemic Muscle Atrophy by Activating Angiomyogenic Properties of Satellite Cells. Circ J 2014; 78:2317-24. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Control, Kochi Medical School
- Department of Medical and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School
| | - Yoshihiko Kakinuma
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Kayo Okazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Control, Kochi Medical School
| | | | | | - Toru Kubo
- Department of Medical and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School
| | | | - Yoshinori Doi
- Department of Medical and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School
| | - Takayuki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Control, Kochi Medical School
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Chloroform induces HIF-1α-dependent VEGF expression in human keratinocytes. Mol Cell Toxicol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-013-0042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Secretoneurin gene therapy improves blood flow in an ischemia model in type 1 diabetic mice by enhancing therapeutic neovascularization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74029. [PMID: 24086307 PMCID: PMC3781158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient angiogenesis after ischemia may contribute to worse outcome of peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Based on our previous work where we demonstrated that Secretoneurin (SN) is up-regulated under hypoxic conditions and enhances angiogenesis, we analyzed the therapeutic potential of SN gene therapy using a model of severe hind limb ischemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (STZ-DM). After induction of hind limb ischemia, blood flow was assessed by means of laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) and increased blood perfusion in the SN-treated animal group was observed. These results were complemented by the clinical observation of reduced necrosis and by an increased number of capillaries and arterioles in the SN-treated animal group. In vitro, we found that SN is capable of promoting proliferation and chemotaxis and reduces apoptosis in HUVECs cultured under hyperglycemic conditions. Additionally, SN activated ERK, eNOS and especially AKT as well as EGF-receptor in hyperglycemic HUVECs. In conclusion, we show that SN gene therapy improves post-ischemic neovascularization in diabetic mice through stimulation of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis indicating a possible therapeutic role of this factor in ischemia-related diseases in diabetic patients.
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Albrecht-Schgoer K, Schgoer W, Theurl M, Stanzl U, Lener D, Dejaco D, Zelger B, Franz WM, Kirchmair R. Topical secretoneurin gene therapy accelerates diabetic wound healing by interaction between heparan-sulfate proteoglycans and basic FGF. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:27-36. [PMID: 23918206 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers represent a therapeutic problem of high clinical relevance. Reduced vascular supply, neuropathy and diminished expression of growth factors strongly contribute to wound healing impairment in diabetes. Secretoneurin, an angiogenic neuropeptide, has been shown to improve tissue perfusion in different animal models by increasing the amount of vessels in affected areas. Therefore, topical secretoneurin gene therapy was tested in a full thickness wound healing model in diabetic db/db mice. Secretoneurin significantly accelerated wound closure in these mice and immunohistochemistry revealed higher capillary and arteriole density in the wounded area compared to control mice. In-vitro, the mechanism of action of secretoneurin on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells was evaluated in normal and diabetic cells. Secretoneurin shows positive effects on in vitro angiogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis of these cells in a basic fibroblast growth factor dependent manner. A small molecular weight inhibitor revealed fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 as the main receptor for secretoneurin mediated effects. Additionally, we could identify heparan-sulfates as important co-factor of secretoneurin induced binding of basic fibroblast growth factor to human dermal endothelial cells. We suggest topical secretoneurin plasmid therapy as new tool for delayed wound healing in patients suffering from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Albrecht-Schgoer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Jang Y, Jeong SH, Park YH, Bae HC, Lee H, Ryu WI, Park GH, Son SW. UVB induces HIF-1α-dependent TSLP expression via the JNK and ERK pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:2601-2608. [PMID: 23639975 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) may have a key role in the initiation and maintenance of allergic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis. The present study revealed that UVB radiation exposure could induce TSLP expression in human keratinocytes and a human skin equivalent model. In addition, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of UVB-induced TSLP expression in keratinocytes. TSLP expression was upregulated by transfection with pcDNA3-hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α (P402A and P564A), which stably expresses HIF-1α protein. UVB-induced TSLP induction in keratinocytes was suppressed in the treatment of mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors or small interfering RNAs against HIF-1α. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate the direct involvement of HIF-1α in UVB-mediated TSLP induction. Taken together, these findings indicate that UVB exposure may increase TSLP expression through a HIF-1α-dependent mechanism via the c-JUN N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways in human keratinocytes. Our data showed that UVB-induced TSLP might increase secretion of the T-helper type 2-attracting chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 17 by human dendritic cells. The present study suggests an important role of HIF-1α in UVB-mediated immune response in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsue Jang
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang H Jeong
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Park
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun C Bae
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-In Ryu
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gil H Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang W Son
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Nanomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Comino-Méndez I, de Cubas AA, Bernal C, Álvarez-Escolá C, Sánchez-Malo C, Ramírez-Tortosa CL, Pedrinaci S, Rapizzi E, Ercolino T, Bernini G, Bacca A, Letón R, Pita G, Alonso MR, Leandro-García LJ, Gómez-Graña Á, Inglada-Pérez L, Mancikova V, Rodríguez-Antona C, Mannelli M, Robledo M, Cascón A. Tumoral EPAS1 (HIF2A) mutations explain sporadic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in the absence of erythrocytosis. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2169-76. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Spinetti G, Fortunato O, Caporali A, Shantikumar S, Marchetti M, Meloni M, Descamps B, Floris I, Sangalli E, Vono R, Faglia E, Specchia C, Pintus G, Madeddu P, Emanueli C. MicroRNA-15a and microRNA-16 impair human circulating proangiogenic cell functions and are increased in the proangiogenic cells and serum of patients with critical limb ischemia. Circ Res 2013; 112:335-46. [PMID: 23233752 PMCID: PMC3616367 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.300418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Circulating proangiogenic cells (PACs) support postischemic neovascularization. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus impair PAC regenerative capacities via molecular mechanisms that are not fully known. We hypothesize a role for microRNAs (miRs). Circulating miRs are currently investigated as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. OBJECTIVE The objectives were the following: (1) to profile miR expression in PACs from critical limb ischemia (CLI) patients; (2) to demonstrate that miR-15a and miR-16 regulate PAC functions; and (3) to characterize circulating miR-15a and miR-16 and to investigate their potential biomarker value. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-eight miRs potentially able to modulate angiogenesis were measured in PACs from CLI patients with and without diabetes mellitus and controls. miR-15a and miR-16 were further analyzed. CLI-PACs expressed higher level of mature miR-15a and miR-16 and of the primary transcript pri-miR-15a/16-1. miR-15a/16 overexpression impaired healthy PAC survival and migration. Conversely, miR-15a/16 inhibition improved CLI-PAC-defective migration. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A and AKT-3 were validated as direct targets of the 2 miRs, and their protein levels were reduced in miR-15a/16-overexpressing healthy PACs and in CLI-PACs. Transplantation of healthy PACs ex vivo-engineered with anti-miR-15a/16 improved postischemic blood flow recovery and muscular arteriole density in immunodeficient mice. miR-15a and miR-16 were present in human blood, including conjugated to argonaute-2 and in exosomes. Both miRs were increased in the serum of CLI patients and positively correlated with amputation after restenosis at 12 months postrevascularization of CLI type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Serum miR-15a additionally correlated with restenosis at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Ex vivo miR-15a/16 inhibition enhances PAC therapeutic potential, and circulating miR-15a and miR-16 deserves further investigation as a prognostic biomarker in CLI patients undergoing revascularization.
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Sakai T, Iwana D, Nakamura N, Nishii T, Takao M, Watanabe T, Yoshikawa H, Sugano N. Histological characteristics of the human femoral head in patients with femoral neck fracture. Virchows Arch 2012; 461:705-11. [PMID: 23086404 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The reparative reaction including angiogenesis and osteogenesis in human bone after an ischemic event remains unknown. To investigate the reparative reaction in human bone, the distribution of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and CD31 were observed around the fracture site in 101 hips in 100 patients with femoral neck fracture. These 17 men and 83 women had a mean age of 80 years (range, 58-97 years). Of the hips, 17 were Garden stage 3, and 84 were Garden stage 4. The mean duration from fracture to surgery was 6.3 days (range, 1-14 days). Hematoxylin-eosin staining, TRAP staining, and immunohistochemistry using anti-HIF-1α, anti-VEGF anti-FGF-2, and anti-CD31 antibodies were performed for the coronal section of the retrieved whole femoral heads. TRAP-positive cells were detected near the trabecular bone around the fracture site in ten hips (10 %). HIF-1α expression was detected in 41 hips (41 %), mainly in the endothelial cells of the vessels. VEGF showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining of the mononuclear cells in the edematous area in 39 hips (39 %) while FGF-2 was detected in the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells in the bone marrow in 82 hips (82 %). CD31 was expressed in the bone marrow vessels in 35 hips (35 %). There were significant differences in HIF-1α expression relative to the duration between the fracture and the surgery, and in CD31 expression relative to Garden stage. HIF-1α expression was detected around the fracture site in the early period after fracture and CD31 expression was detected more frequently in Garden 3 hips while VEGF and FGF-2 expressions were detected regardless of Garden classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Japan.
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Albrecht-Schgoer K, Schgoer W, Holfeld J, Theurl M, Wiedemann D, Steger C, Gupta R, Semsroth S, Fischer-Colbrie R, Beer AGE, Stanzl U, Huber E, Misener S, Dejaco D, Kishore R, Pachinger O, Grimm M, Bonaros N, Kirchmair R. The angiogenic factor secretoneurin induces coronary angiogenesis in a model of myocardial infarction by stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in endothelial cells. Circulation 2012; 126:2491-501. [PMID: 23081990 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.076950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretoneurin is a neuropeptide located in nerve fibers along blood vessels, is upregulated by hypoxia, and induces angiogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that secretoneurin gene therapy exerts beneficial effects in a rat model of myocardial infarction and evaluated the mechanism of action on coronary endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo secretoneurin improved left ventricular function, inhibited remodeling, and reduced scar formation. In the infarct border zone, secretoneurin induced coronary angiogenesis, as shown by increased density of capillaries and arteries. In vitro secretoneurin induced capillary tubes, stimulated proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and activated Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in coronary endothelial cells. Effects were abrogated by a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, and secretoneurin stimulated VEGF receptors in these cells. Secretoneurin furthermore increased binding of VEGF to endothelial cells, and binding was blocked by heparinase, indicating that secretoneurin stimulates binding of VEGF to heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding sites. Additionally, secretoneurin increased binding of VEGF to its coreceptor neuropilin-1. In endothelial cells, secretoneurin also stimulated fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, and in coronary vascular smooth muscle cells, we observed stimulation of VEGF receptor-1 and fibroblast growth factor receptor-3. Exposure of cardiac myocytes to hypoxia and ischemic heart after myocardial infarction revealed increased secretoneurin messenger RNA and protein. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that secretoneurin acts as an endogenous stimulator of VEGF signaling in coronary endothelial cells by enhancing binding of VEGF to low-affinity binding sites and neuropilin-1 and stimulates further growth factor receptors like fibroblast growth factor receptor-3. Our in vivo findings indicate that secretoneurin may be a promising therapeutic tool in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Albrecht-Schgoer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria
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Schmid E, Nogalo M, Bechrakis NE, Fischer-Colbrie R, Tasan R, Sperk G, Theurl M, Beer AGE, Kirchmair R, Herzog H, Troger J. Secretoneurin, substance P and neuropeptide Y in the oxygen-induced retinopathy in C57Bl/6N mice. Peptides 2012; 37:252-7. [PMID: 22884536 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether the proangiogenic neuropeptides secretoneurin (SN), substance P (SP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) contribute to the development of abnormal neovascularization in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model in mice. By exposing litters of C57Bl/6N mice to 75% oxygen from postnatal day 7 (P7) until postnatal day 11 (P11) and then returning them to normoxic conditions, retinal ischemia and subsequent neovascularization on the retinal surface were induced. Retinae were dissected on P9, P11, P12-P14, P16 and P20, and the concentrations of SN, SP, NPY and VEGF determined by radioimmunoassay or ELISA. The levels of SN and SP increased in controls from P9 until P16 and from P9 until P14, respectively, whereas the levels of NPY were high at P9 and decreased thereafter until P20, suggesting that NPY may participate in the development of the retina. However, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and the NPY-Y2 receptor were not detectable in the immature retina indicating that NPY is not involved in the physiological vascularization in the retina. Compared to controls, OIR had no effect on the levels of SN, whereas levels of both SP and NPY slightly decreased during hyperoxia. Normalization of the levels of SP, and to a more pronounced extent of NPY, was significantly delayed during relative hypoxia. This clearly indicates that these three neuropeptides are not involved in the pathogenesis of neovascularization in OIR. Moreover, since there were no differences in the expression of two vessel markers in the retina of NPY knockout mice versus controls at P14, NPY is also not involved in the delayed development of the intermediate and deep vascular plexus in the retina in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Schmid
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Røsjø H, Stridsberg M, Florholmen G, Stensløkken KO, Ottesen AH, Sjaastad I, Husberg C, Dahl MB, Øie E, Louch WE, Omland T, Christensen G. Secretogranin II; a protein increased in the myocardium and circulation in heart failure with cardioprotective properties. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37401. [PMID: 22655045 PMCID: PMC3360055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several beneficial effects have been demonstrated for secretogranin II (SgII) in non-cardiac tissue. As cardiac production of chromogranin A and B, two related proteins, is increased in heart failure (HF), we hypothesized that SgII could play a role in cardiovascular pathophysiology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS SgII production was characterized in a post-myocardial infarction heart failure (HF) mouse model, functional properties explored in experimental models, and circulating levels measured in mice and patients with stable HF of moderate severity. SgII mRNA levels were 10.5 fold upregulated in the left ventricle (LV) of animals with myocardial infarction and HF (p<0.001 vs. sham-operated animals). SgII protein levels were also increased in the LV, but not in other organs investigated. SgII was produced in several cell types in the myocardium and cardiomyocyte synthesis of SgII was potently induced by transforming growth factor-β and norepinephrine stimulation in vitro. Processing of SgII to shorter peptides was enhanced in the failing myocardium due to increased levels of the proteases PC1/3 and PC2 and circulating SgII levels were increased in mice with HF. Examining a pathophysiological role of SgII in the initial phase of post-infarction HF, the SgII fragment secretoneurin reduced myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by 30% and rapidly increased cardiomyocyte Erk1/2 and Stat3 phosphorylation. SgII levels were also higher in patients with stable, chronic HF compared to age- and gender-matched control subjects: median 0.16 (Q1-3 0.14-0.18) vs. 0.12 (0.10-0.14) nmol/L, p<0.001. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate increased myocardial SgII production and processing in the LV in animals with myocardial infarction and HF, which could be beneficial as the SgII fragment secretoneurin protects from ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Circulating SgII levels are also increased in patients with chronic, stable HF and may represent a new cardiac biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Røsjø
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
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Li Z, Guo X, Guan J. A Thermosensitive Hydrogel Capable of Releasing bFGF for Enhanced Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell into Cardiomyocyte-like Cells under Ischemic Conditions. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1956-64. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300574j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jianjun Guan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Augustin M, Ali Asim Mahar M, Lakkisto P, Tikkanen I, Vento A, Patila T, Harjula A. Heat shock attenuates VEGF expression in three-dimensional myoblast sheets deteriorating therapeutic efficacy in heart failure. Med Sci Monit 2012; 17:BR345-53. [PMID: 22129892 PMCID: PMC3628131 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myoblast sheet transplantation is a promising novel treatment for ischemic heart failure. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that heat shock (HS) pre-treatment affects the angiogenic properties of myoblast sheets in vivo and in vitro. Material/Methods We studied HS preconditioning of L6 myoblast sheets in relation to their apoptosis, proliferation, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-associated responses under normoxia and under hypoxia in vitro. In vivo evaluation of their therapeutic effect was performed with 60 male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups (20 each): sole left anterior descending (LAD) ligation (control); LAD ligation and non-conditioned sheet transplantation (L6 No-Shock); and LAD ligation and L6-heat shock conditioned sheet transplantation (L6 Heat-Shock). Left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography after 3, 10, and 28 days. Results Expression of HSP70/72 was strongly induced 24 hours after HS, and thereafter it decreased notably during 72 hours in hypoxia. Under normal growth conditions, HSP70/72 expression remained stable. HS delayed apoptosis-associated caspase-3 expression during 24-hour hypoxia compared to non-treated controls. However, VEGF expression reduced significantly in the heat shock pretreated sheets. Ejection fraction of the L6-myoblast HS pre-treatment group (L6 Heat-Shock) decreased gradually during follow-up, in the same pattern as the controls. However, these functional parameters improved in the L6-myoblast normal sheet group (L6 No-Shock) at the tenth day and remained significantly better. Conclusions HS protects myoblast sheets from hypoxia-associated apoptosis in vitro, but reduces VEGF expression of the sheet, leading to lower therapeutic effect in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Augustin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki Universtity Meilahti Hospital and Cell Therapy Research Consortium, Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Bartolomucci A, Possenti R, Mahata SK, Fischer-Colbrie R, Loh YP, Salton SRJ. The extended granin family: structure, function, and biomedical implications. Endocr Rev 2011; 32:755-97. [PMID: 21862681 PMCID: PMC3591675 DOI: 10.1210/er.2010-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The chromogranins (chromogranin A and chromogranin B), secretogranins (secretogranin II and secretogranin III), and additional related proteins (7B2, NESP55, proSAAS, and VGF) that together comprise the granin family subserve essential roles in the regulated secretory pathway that is responsible for controlled delivery of peptides, hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. Here we review the structure and function of granins and granin-derived peptides and expansive new genetic evidence, including recent single-nucleotide polymorphism mapping, genomic sequence comparisons, and analysis of transgenic and knockout mice, which together support an important and evolutionarily conserved role for these proteins in large dense-core vesicle biogenesis and regulated secretion. Recent data further indicate that their processed peptides function prominently in metabolic and glucose homeostasis, emotional behavior, pain pathways, and blood pressure modulation, suggesting future utility of granins and granin-derived peptides as novel disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Allerstorfer D, Longato S, Schwarzer C, Fischer-Colbrie R, Hayman AR, Blumer MJF. VEGF and its role in the early development of the long bone epiphysis. J Anat 2011; 216:611-24. [PMID: 20525089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In long bones of murine species, undisturbed development of the epiphysis depends on the generation of vascularized cartilage canals shortly after birth. Despite its importance, it is still under discussion how this event is exactly regulated. It was suggested previously that, following increased hypoxia in the epiphyseal core, angiogenic factors are expressed and hence stimulate the ingrowth of the vascularized canals. In the present study, we tested this model and examined the spatio-temporal distribution of two angiogenic molecules during early development in mice. In addition, we investigated the onset of cartilage hypertrophy and mineralization. Our results provide evidence that the vascular endothelial growth factor is expressed in the epiphyseal resting cartilage prior to the moment of canal formation and is continuously expressed until the establishment of a large secondary ossification centre. Interestingly, we found no expression of secretoneurin before the establishment of the canals although this factor attracts blood vessels under hypoxic conditions. Epiphyseal development further involves maturation of the resting chondrocytes into hypertrophic ones, associated with the mineralization of the cartilage matrix and eventual death of the latter cells. Our results suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor is the critical molecule for the generation of the epiphyseal vascular network in mice long bones. Secretoneurin, however, does not appear to be a player in this event. Hypertrophic chondrocytes undergo cell death by a mechanism interpreted as chondroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Allerstorfer
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Melani M, Weinstein BM. Common factors regulating patterning of the nervous and vascular systems. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2010; 26:639-65. [PMID: 19575651 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.093008.093324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The vascular and the nervous systems of vertebrates share many features with similar and often overlapping anatomy. The parallels between these two systems extend to the molecular level, where recent work has identified ever-increasing similarities between the molecular mechanisms employed in the specification, differentiation, and patterning of both systems. This review discusses some of the most recent literature on this subject, with particular emphasis on the roles that the Ephrin, Semaphorin, Netrin, and Slit signaling pathways play in vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Melani
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Courel M, Soler-Jover A, Rodriguez-Flores JL, Mahata SK, Elias S, Montero-Hadjadje M, Anouar Y, Giuly RJ, O'Connor DT, Taupenot L. Pro-hormone secretogranin II regulates dense core secretory granule biogenesis in catecholaminergic cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10030-10043. [PMID: 20061385 PMCID: PMC2843166 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.064196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes underlying the formation of dense core secretory granules (DCGs) of neuroendocrine cells are poorly understood. Here, we present evidence that DCG biogenesis is dependent on the secretory protein secretogranin (Sg) II, a member of the granin family of pro-hormone cargo of DCGs in neuroendocrine cells. Depletion of SgII expression in PC12 cells leads to a decrease in both the number and size of DCGs and impairs DCG trafficking of other regulated hormones. Expression of SgII fusion proteins in a secretory-deficient PC12 variant rescues a regulated secretory pathway. SgII-containing dense core vesicles share morphological and physical properties with bona fide DCGs, are competent for regulated exocytosis, and maintain an acidic luminal pH through the V-type H(+)-translocating ATPase. The granulogenic activity of SgII requires a pH gradient along this secretory pathway. We conclude that SgII is a critical factor for the regulation of DCG biogenesis in neuroendocrine cells, mediating the formation of functional DCGs via its pH-dependent aggregation at the trans-Golgi network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Courel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838.
| | - Alex Soler-Jover
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838
| | | | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838; Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92093
| | - Salah Elias
- INSERM U982, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-St.-Aignan Cedex, France
| | | | - Youssef Anouar
- INSERM U982, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-St.-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Richard J Giuly
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Daniel T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838; Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92093.
| | - Laurent Taupenot
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0838; Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92093.
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Holzwarth C, Vaegler M, Gieseke F, Pfister SM, Handgretinger R, Kerst G, Müller I. Low physiologic oxygen tensions reduce proliferation and differentiation of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:11. [PMID: 20109207 PMCID: PMC2827377 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can be isolated from various tissues including bone marrow. Here, MSC participate as bone lining cells in the formation of the hematopoietic stem cell niche. In this compartment, the oxygen tension is low and oxygen partial pressure is estimated to range from 1% to 7%. We analyzed the effect of low oxygen tensions on human MSC cultured with platelet-lysate supplemented media and assessed proliferation, morphology, chromosomal stability, immunophenotype and plasticity. Results After transferring MSC from atmospheric oxygen levels of 21% to 1%, HIF-1α expression was induced, indicating efficient oxygen reduction. Simultaneously, MSC exhibited a significantly different morphology with shorter extensions and broader cell bodies. MSC did not proliferate as rapidly as under 21% oxygen and accumulated in G1 phase. The immunophenotype, however, was unaffected. Hypoxic stress as well as free oxygen radicals may affect chromosomal stability. However, no chromosomal abnormalities in human MSC under either culture condition were detected using high-resolution matrix-based comparative genomic hybridization. Reduced oxygen tension severely impaired adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human MSC. Elevation of oxygen from 1% to 3% restored osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion Physiologic oxygen tension during in vitro culture of human MSC slows down cell cycle progression and differentiation. Under physiological conditions this may keep a proportion of MSC in a resting state. Further studies are needed to analyze these aspects of MSC in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holzwarth
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
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Helle KB. Chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II as prohormones for regulatory peptides from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Results Probl Cell Differ 2010; 50:21-44. [PMID: 20217490 DOI: 10.1007/400_2009_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB), and secretogranin II (SgII) belong to a family of uniquely acidic secretory proteins in elements of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. These "granins" are characterized by numerous pairs of basic amino acids as potential sites for intra- and extragranular processing. In response to adequate stimuli, the granins are coreleased with neurotransmitters and hormones and appear in the circulation as potential modulators of homeostatic processes. This review is directed towards functional aspects of the secreted CgA, CgB, and SgII and their biologically active sequences. Widely different effects and targets have been reported for granin-derived peptides. So far, the CgA peptides vasostatin-I, pancreastatin, and catestatin, the CgB peptides CgB(1-41) and secretolytin, and the SgII peptide secretoneurin are the most likely candidates for granin-derived regulatory peptides. Most of their effects fit into patterns of direct or indirect modulations of major functions, in particular associated with inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Helle
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Physiology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
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Yoo SH. Secretory granules in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Ca2+ signaling in the cytoplasm of neuroendocrine cells. FASEB J 2009; 24:653-64. [PMID: 19837865 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Of all the intracellular organelles, secretory granules contain by far the highest calcium concentration; secretory granules of typical neuroendocrine chromaffin cells contain approximately 40 mM Ca(2+) and occupy approximately 20% cell volume, accounting for >60% of total cellular calcium. They also contain the majority of cellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)Rs) in addition to the presence of >2 mM of chromogranins A and B that function as high-capacity, low-affinity Ca(2+) storage proteins. Chromogranins A and B also interact with the IP(3)Rs and activate the IP(3)R/Ca(2+) channels. In experiments with both neuroendocrine PC12 and nonneuroendocrine NIH3T3 cells, in which the number of secretory granules present was changed by either suppression or induction of secretory granule formation, secretory granules were demonstrated to account for >70% of the IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) releases in the cytoplasm. Moreover, the IP(3) sensitivity of secretory granule IP(3)R/Ca(2+) channels is at least approximately 6- to 7-fold more sensitive than those of the endoplasmic reticulum, thus enabling secretory granules to release Ca(2+) ahead of the endoplasmic reticulum. Further, there is a direct correlation between the number of secretory granules and the IP(3) sensitivity of cytoplasmic IP(3)R/Ca(2+) channels and the increased ratio of IP(3)-induced cytoplasmic Ca(2+) release, highlighting the importance of secretory granules in the IP(3)-dependent Ca(2+) signaling. Given that secretory granules are present in all secretory cells, these results presage critical roles of secretory granules in the control of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentrations in other secretory cells.-Yoo, S. H. Secretory granules in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Ca(2+) signaling in the cytoplasm of neuroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Jung Gu, Incheon 400-712, Korea.
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