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Jang J, Bentsen M, Kim YJ, Kim E, Garg V, Cai CL, Looso M, Li D. Endocardial HDAC3 is required for myocardial trabeculation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4166. [PMID: 38755146 PMCID: PMC11099086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Failure of proper ventricular trabeculation is often associated with congenital heart disease. Support from endocardial cells, including the secretion of extracellular matrix and growth factors is critical for trabeculation. However, it is poorly understood how the secretion of extracellular matrix and growth factors is initiated and regulated by endocardial cells. We find that genetic knockout of histone deacetylase 3 in the endocardium in mice results in early embryo lethality and ventricular hypotrabeculation. Single cell RNA sequencing identifies significant downregulation of extracellular matrix components in histone deacetylase 3 knockout endocardial cells. Secretome from cultured histone deacetylase 3 knockout mouse cardiac endothelial cells lacks transforming growth factor ß3 and shows significantly reduced capacity in stimulating cultured cardiomyocyte proliferation, which is remarkably rescued by transforming growth factor ß3 supplementation. Mechanistically, we identify that histone deacetylase 3 knockout induces transforming growth factor ß3 expression through repressing microRNA-129-5p. Our findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease and conceptual strategies to promote myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Mette Bentsen
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ye Jun Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Erick Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46201, USA
| | - Mario Looso
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Deqiang Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA.
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Jang J, Bentsen M, Kim YJ, Kim E, Garg V, Cai CL, Looso M, Li D. Endocardial HDAC3 is required for myocardial trabeculation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.12.536668. [PMID: 37886504 PMCID: PMC10602027 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trabeculation, a key process in early heart development, is the formation of myocardial trabecular meshwork. The failure of trabeculation often leads to embryonic lethality. Support from endocardial cells, including the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) and growth factors is critical for trabeculation; however, it is unknown how the secretion of ECM and growth factors is initiated and regulated by endocardial cells. METHODS Various cellular and mouse models in conjunction with biochemical and molecular tools were employed to study the role of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in the developing endocardium. RESULTS We found that genetic deletion of Hdac3 in endocardial cells in mice resulted in early embryo lethality presenting as a hypotrabeculation cardiac phenotype. Single cell RNA sequencing identified several ECM components including collagens that were significantly downregulated in Hdac3 knockout (KO) endocardial cells. When cultured with supernatant from Hdac3 KO mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCECs), wild-type mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes showed decreased proliferation, suggesting that growth signaling from Hdac3 KO MCECs is disrupted. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis revealed that transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3) was significantly downregulated in Hdac3 KO MCECs and Hdac3 cardiac endothelial KO hearts. Mechanistically, we identified that microRNA (miR)-129-5p was significantly upregulated in Hdac3 KO MCECs and Hdac3 cardiac endothelial KO hearts. Overexpression of miR-129-5p repressed Tgfβ3 expression in wild-type MCECs, whereas knockdown of miR-129-5p restored Tgfβ3 expression in Hdac3 KO MCECs. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal a critical signaling pathway in which endocardial HDAC3 promotes trabecular myocardium growth by stimulating TGFβ signaling through repressing miR-129-5p, providing novel insights into the etiology of congenital heart disease and conceptual strategies to promote myocardial regeneration.
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Bianchi L, Damiani I, Castiglioni S, Carleo A, De Salvo R, Rossi C, Corsini A, Bellosta S. Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switch Induced by Traditional Cigarette Smoke Condensate: A Holistic Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076431. [PMID: 37047404 PMCID: PMC10094728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a risk factor for inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. CS condensate (CSC) contains lipophilic components that may represent a systemic cardiac risk factor. To better understand CSC effects, we incubated mouse and human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with CSC. We evaluated specific markers for contractile [i.e., actin, aortic smooth muscle (ACTA2), calponin-1 (CNN1), the Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and myocardin (MYOCD) genes] and inflammatory [i.e., IL-1β, and IL-6, IL-8, and galectin-3 (LGALS-3) genes] phenotypes. CSC increased the expression of inflammatory markers and reduced the contractile ones in both cell types, with KLF4 modulating the SMC phenotypic switch. Next, we performed a mass spectrometry-based differential proteomic approach on human SMCs and could show 11 proteins were significantly affected by exposition to CSC (FC ≥ 2.7, p ≤ 0.05). These proteins are active in signaling pathways related to expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IFN, inflammasome assembly and activation, cytoskeleton regulation and SMC contraction, mitochondrial integrity and cellular response to oxidative stress, proteostasis control via ubiquitination, and cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Through specific bioinformatics resources, we showed their tight functional correlation in a close interaction niche mainly orchestrated by the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (alternative name: protein kinase RNA-activated; PKR) (EIF2AK2/PKR). Finally, by combining gene expression and protein abundance data we obtained a hybrid network showing reciprocal integration of the CSC-deregulated factors and indicating KLF4 and PKR as the most relevant factors.
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Atanasov P, Moneva-Sakelarieva M, Kobakova Y, Obreshkova D, Ivanov I, Chaneva M, Popova M, Petkova V, Ivanova S. Tobacco smokers as target group for complicated coronavirus infection. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e91095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of current study was to determine, retrospectively, possible correlations between smoking and the incidence, course severity, intubation rate, and mortality (by gender and age) in patients treated for complicated coronavirus infection in the internal medicine clinic at UMHATEM ”N. I. Pirogov” Sofia for the period 01.03.2020–31.12.2020. In a prospective study, the recovery period and immunogenesis in smokers and non-smokers within a one-year period after hospital discharge was investigated. The applied methods were: 1) computed tomography and blood gas analysis 2) chemiluminescent immunoassay for the qualitative determination of total IgM, IgA and IgG anti-SARS-CoV2 AB. Results showed that the part of non-smokers with a positive PCR test is significantly higher compared to the group of former and current smokers. The data obtained from the study confirmed that Covid infection is much more severe among smokers and former smokers with a higher levels of inflammatory markers noticed among the smoking group.
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Jebari-Benslaiman S, Galicia-García U, Larrea-Sebal A, Olaetxea JR, Alloza I, Vandenbroeck K, Benito-Vicente A, Martín C. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063346. [PMID: 35328769 PMCID: PMC8954705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification), triggers the vessel narrowing and activation of inflammatory pathways. The resultant atheroma plaque, along with these processes, results in cardiovascular complications. This review focuses on the different stages of atherosclerosis development, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture. In addition, the post-transcriptional regulation and modulation of atheroma plaque by microRNAs and lncRNAs, the role of microbiota, and the importance of sex as a crucial risk factor in atherosclerosis are covered here in order to provide a global view of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Jebari-Benslaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
| | - Unai Galicia-García
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Larrea-Sebal
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Iraide Alloza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Benito-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
| | - César Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
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Ceresnakova M, Dully M, Murray D, Soulimane T, Hudson SP. Stent conditioned media for in vitro evaluation of hydrophobic stent coatings. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 76:105212. [PMID: 34265393 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cell studies of hydrophobic drugs face difficulties associated with their low aqueous solubility. To study poorly soluble drugs in bio-relevant media, solubilizing agents are frequently used to make stock solutions before final reconstitution in media. This results in drug concentrations that are not representative of in vivo conditions and may pose adverse effects on cells' biological functions. This is especially true of typical hydrophobic stent coatings intended for vascular applications, where poor in vitro to in vivo correlation exists. To this end, a method for preparation of hydrophobic drug suspensions in bio-relevant media via stent conditioned media using paclitaxel (PTX) as a model drug is proposed. Since the drug is present as a suspension, this media was validated for its content uniformity and potency to induce formation of micronuclei, typical of cells undergoing prolonged mitotic arrest. Further, PTX uptake by endothelial cells was quantified and showed that the PTX stent conditioned media (at a theoretical concentration of 100 μM) suppressed cellular growth equivalent to the 0.1 μM DMSO dissolved PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriama Ceresnakova
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Michele Dully
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - David Murray
- COOK Medical Ireland Limited, O'Halloran Rd, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Tillie RJHA, Theelen TL, van Kuijk K, Temmerman L, de Bruijn J, Gijbels M, Betsholtz C, Biessen EAL, Sluimer JC. A Switch from Cell-Associated to Soluble PDGF-B Protects against Atherosclerosis, despite Driving Extramedullary Hematopoiesis. Cells 2021; 10:1746. [PMID: 34359916 PMCID: PMC8308020 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) is a mitogenic, migratory and survival factor. Cell-associated PDGF-B recruits stabilizing pericytes towards blood vessels through retention in extracellular matrix. We hypothesized that the genetic ablation of cell-associated PDGF-B by retention motif deletion would reduce the local availability of PDGF-B, resulting in microvascular pericyte loss, microvascular permeability and exacerbated atherosclerosis. Therefore, Ldlr-/-Pdgfbret/ret mice were fed a high cholesterol diet. Although plaque size was increased in the aortic root of Pdgfbret/ret mice, microvessel density and intraplaque hemorrhage were unexpectedly unaffected. Plaque macrophage content was reduced, which is likely attributable to increased apoptosis, as judged by increased TUNEL+ cells in Pdgfbret/ret plaques (2.1-fold) and increased Pdgfbret/ret macrophage apoptosis upon 7-ketocholesterol or oxidized LDL incubation in vitro. Moreover, Pdgfbret/ret plaque collagen content increased independent of mesenchymal cell density. The decreased macrophage matrix metalloproteinase activity could partly explain Pdgfbret/ret collagen content. In addition to the beneficial vascular effects, we observed reduced body weight gain related to smaller fat deposition in Pdgfbret/ret liver and adipose tissue. While dampening plaque inflammation, Pdgfbret/ret paradoxically induced systemic leukocytosis. The increased incorporation of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine indicated increased extramedullary hematopoiesis and the increased proliferation of circulating leukocytes. We concluded that Pdgfbret/ret confers vascular and metabolic effects, which appeared to be protective against diet-induced cardiovascular burden. These effects were unrelated to arterial mesenchymal cell content or adventitial microvessel density and leakage. In contrast, the deletion drives splenic hematopoiesis and subsequent leukocytosis in hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée J. H. A. Tillie
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Thomas L. Theelen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Kim van Kuijk
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Lieve Temmerman
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Jenny de Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (CVS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Lin X, Li Y, Gong L, Yun JH, Xu S, Tesfaigzi Y, Qiao D, Zhou X. Tempo-spatial regulation of the Wnt pathway by FAM13A modulates the stemness of alveolar epithelial progenitors. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103463. [PMID: 34224973 PMCID: PMC8264115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family with Sequence Similarity 13, Member A (FAM13A) gene has been consistently associated with COPD by Genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our previous study demonstrated that FAM13A was mainly expressed in the lung epithelial progenitors including Club cells and alveolar type II epithelial (ATII) cells. Fam13a-/- mice were resistant to cigarette smoke (CS)-induced emphysema through promoting β-catenin/Wnt activation. Given the important roles of β-catenin/Wnt activation in alveolar regeneration during injury, it is unclear when and where FAM13A regulates the Wnt pathway, the requisite pathway for alveolar epithelial repair, in vivo during CS exposure in lung epithelial progenitors. METHODS Fam13a+/+ or Fam13a-/- mice were crossed with TCF/Lef:H2B-GFP Wnt-signaling reporter mouse line to indicate β-catenin/Wnt-activated cells labeled with GFP followed by acute (1 month) or chronic (7 months) CS exposure. Fluorescence-activated flow cytometry analysis, immunofluorescence and organoid culture system were performed to identify the β-catenin/Wnt-activated cells in Fam13a+/+ or Fam13a-/- mice exposed to CS. Fam13a;SftpcCreERT2;Rosa26RmTmG mouse line, where GFP labels ATII cells, was generated for alveolar organoid culture followed by analyses of organoid number, immunofluorescence and gene expression. Single cell RNA-seq data from COPD ever smokers and nonsmoker control lungs were further analyzed. FINDINGS We found that FAM13A-deficiency significantly increased Wnt activation mainly in lung epithelial cells. Consistently, after long-term CS exposure in vivo, FAM13A deficiency bestows alveolar epithelial progenitor cells with enhanced proliferation and differentiation in the ex vivo organoid model. Importantly, expression of FAM13A is significantly increased in human COPD-derived ATII cells compared to healthy ATII cells as suggested by single cell RNA-sequencing data. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that FAM13A-deficiency promotes the Wnt pathway-mediated ATII cell repair/regeneration, and thereby possibly mitigating CS-induced alveolar destruction. FUND: This project is funded by the National Institutes of Health of United States of America (NIH) grants R01HL127200, R01HL137927, R01HL148667 and R01HL147148 (XZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yujun Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, China
| | - Lu Gong
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeong H Yun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shuang Xu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dandi Qiao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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González-Hernández S, Gómez MJ, Sánchez-Cabo F, Méndez-Ferrer S, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Isern J. Sox17 Controls Emergence and Remodeling of Nestin-Expressing Coronary Vessels. Circ Res 2020; 127:e252-e270. [PMID: 32921258 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of coronary arteries during development and during cardiac neovascularization after injury are poorly understood. However, a detailed description of the relevant signaling pathways and functional TFs (transcription factors) regulating these processes is still incomplete. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to identify novel cardiac transcriptional mechanisms of coronary angiogenesis and vessel remodeling by defining the molecular signatures of coronary vascular endothelial cells during these complex processes. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrate that Nes-gfp and Nes-CreERT2 transgenic mouse lines are novel tools for studying the emergence of coronary endothelium and targeting sprouting coronary vessels (but not ventricular endocardium) during development. Furthermore, we identify Sox17 as a critical TF upregulated during the sprouting and remodeling of coronary vessels, visualized by a specific neural enhancer from the Nestin gene that is strongly induced in developing arterioles. Functionally, genetic-inducible endothelial deletion of Sox17 causes deficient cardiac remodeling of coronary vessels, resulting in improper coronary artery formation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that Sox17 TF regulates the transcriptional activation of Nestin's enhancer in developing coronary vessels while its genetic deletion leads to inadequate coronary artery formation. These findings identify Sox17 as a critical regulator for the remodeling of coronary vessels in the developing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara González-Hernández
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (S.G.-H., M.J.G., F.S.-C., P.M.-C., J.I.)
| | - Manuel J Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (S.G.-H., M.J.G., F.S.-C., P.M.-C., J.I.)
- Bioinformatics Unit, CNIC, Madrid, Spain (M.J.G., F.S.-C.)
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (S.G.-H., M.J.G., F.S.-C., P.M.-C., J.I.)
- Bioinformatics Unit, CNIC, Madrid, Spain (M.J.G., F.S.-C.)
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- WT-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and NHS-Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.M.-F.)
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (S.G.-H., M.J.G., F.S.-C., P.M.-C., J.I.)
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (P.M.-C., J.I.)
| | - Joan Isern
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (S.G.-H., M.J.G., F.S.-C., P.M.-C., J.I.)
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (P.M.-C., J.I.)
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Golbidi S, Edvinsson L, Laher I. Smoking and Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:1-11. [PMID: 30210003 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666180913120015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the most important health concerns worldwide. Even though the rate of smoking is declining in developed countries, it is still experiencing growth in developing regions. Many studies have examined the relationship between smoking, as an established risk factor, and cardiovascular diseases. We provide an updated review of the underlying mechanisms of smokinginduced cardiovascular diseases, with a focus on the relationship between smoking and oxidative stress, particularly from the perspective of endothelial cell dysfunction. We review smoking-induced oxidative stress as a trigger for a generalized vascular inflammation associated with cytokine release, adhesion of inflammatory cells and, ultimately, disruption of endothelial integrity as a protective barrier layer. We also briefly discuss the harms related to the vaping of electronic cigarettes, which many erroneously consider as a safe alternative to smoking. We conclude that even though e-cigarette could be a helpful device during the transition period of cigarette quitting, it is by no means a safe substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Golbidi
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Getingevägen, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Gene expression in immortalized versus primary isolated cardiac endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2241. [PMID: 32042042 PMCID: PMC7010830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells take pivotal roles in the heart and the vascular system and their differentiation, subspecification and function is determined by gene expression. A stable, in vitro cardiac endothelial cell line could provide high cell numbers as needed for many epigenetic analyses and facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial cell biology. To test their suitability for transcriptomic or epigenetic studies, we compared the transcriptome of cultured immortalized mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCEC) to primary cardiac endothelial cells (pEC). Whole transcriptome comparison of MCEC and pEC showed a correlation of 0.75–0.77. Interestingly, correlation of gene expression declined in endothelial cell-typical genes. In MCEC, we found a broad downregulation of genes that are highly expressed in pEC, including well-described markers of endothelial cell differentiation. Accordingly, systematic analysis revealed a downregulation of genes associated with typical endothelial cell functions in MCEC, while genes related to mitotic cell cycle were upregulated when compared to pEC. In conclusion, the findings from this study suggest that primary cardiac endothelial cells should preferably be used for genome-wide transcriptome or epigenome studies. The suitability of in vitro cell lines for experiments investigating single genes or signaling pathways should be carefully validated before use.
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12
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McDowell SAC, Quail DF. Immunological Regulation of Vascular Inflammation During Cancer Metastasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1984. [PMID: 31497019 PMCID: PMC6712555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the predominant cause of cancer-related mortality, despite being a highly inefficient process overall. The vasculature is the gatekeeper for tumor cell seeding within the secondary tissue microenvironment—the rate limiting step of the metastatic cascade. Therefore, factors that regulate vascular physiology dramatically influence cancer outcomes. There are a myriad of physiologic circumstances that not only influence the intrinsic capacity of tumor cells to cross the endothelial barrier, but also that regulate vascular inflammation and barrier integrity to enable extravasation into the metastatic niche. These processes are highly dependent on inflammatory cues largely initiated by the innate immune compartment, that are meant to help re-establish tissue homeostasis, but instead become hijacked by cancer cells. Here, we discuss the scientific advances in understanding the interactions between innate immune cells and the endothelium, describe their influence on cancer metastasis, and evaluate potential therapeutic interventions for the alleviation of metastatic disease. By triangulating the relationship between immune cells, endothelial cells, and tumor cells, we will gain greater insight into how to impede the metastatic process by focusing on its most vulnerable phases, thereby reducing metastatic spread and cancer-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A C McDowell
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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In Vivo Comparative Study on Acute and Sub-acute Biological Effects Induced by Ultrafine Particles of Different Anthropogenic Sources in BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112805. [PMID: 31181746 PMCID: PMC6600162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) leads to adverse effects on health caused by an unbalanced ratio between UFPs deposition and clearance efficacy. Since air pollution toxicity is first direct to cardiorespiratory system, we compared the acute and sub-acute effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and biomass burning-derived particles (BB) on bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALf), lung and heart parenchyma. Markers of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation were analysed in male BALB/c mice submitted to single and repeated intra-tracheal instillations of 50 μg UFPs. This in-vivo study showed the activation of inflammatory response (COX-2 and MPO) after exposure to UFPs, both in respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Exposure to DEP results also in pro- and anti-oxidant (HO-1, iNOS, Cyp1b1, Hsp70) protein levels increase, although, stress persist only in cardiac tissue under repeated instillations. Statistical correlations suggest that stress marker variation was probably due to soluble components and/or mediators translocation of from first deposition site. This mechanism, appears more important after repeated instillations, since inflammation and oxidative stress endure only in heart. In summary, chemical composition of UFPs influenced the activation of different responses mediated by their components or pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative molecules, indicating DEP as the most damaging pollutant in the comparison.
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14
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Mundi S, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Iruela-Arispe ML, De Caterina R. Endothelial permeability, LDL deposition, and cardiovascular risk factors-a review. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:35-52. [PMID: 29228169 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early atherosclerosis features functional and structural changes in the endothelial barrier function that affect the traffic of molecules and solutes between the vessel lumen and the vascular wall. Such changes are mechanistically related to the development of atherosclerosis. Proatherogenic stimuli and cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidaemias, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, all increase endothelial permeability sharing a common signalling denominator: an imbalance in the production/disposal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), broadly termed oxidative stress. Mostly as a consequence of the activation of enzymatic systems leading to ROS overproduction, proatherogenic factors lead to a pro-inflammatory status that translates in changes in gene expression and functional rearrangements, including changes in the transendothelial transport of molecules, leading to the deposition of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and the subsequent infiltration of circulating leucocytes in the intima. In this review, we focus on such early changes in atherogenesis and on the concept that proatherogenic stimuli and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, by altering the endothelial barrier properties, co-ordinately trigger the accumulation of LDL in the intima and ultimately plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Mundi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marial Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, 90095, Los Angeles, USA; and
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D'Annunzio, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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15
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Circulating Exosomes Isolated from Septic Mice Induce Cardiovascular Hyperpermeability Through Promoting Podosome Cluster Formation. Shock 2019. [PMID: 28650928 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Septic shock increases vascular permeability, leading to multiple organ failure including cardiac dysfunction, a major contributor to septic death. Podosome, an actin-based dynamic membrane structure, plays critical roles in extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis. However, whether podosome contributes to endothelial barrier dysfunction during septic shock remains unknown. In this study, we found that the endothelial hyperpermeability, stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and thrombin, was accompanied by increased formation of podosome clusters at the cell periphery, indicating a positive correlation between podosome clusters and endothelial leakage. Interestingly, we observed that circulating exosomes collected from septic mice were able to stimulate podosome cluster formation in cardiac endothelial cells, together with increased permeability in vitro/in vivo and cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, we identified that septic exosomes contained higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than normal ones, which were effectively transported to endothelial cells (ECs). Depletion of ROS in septic exosomes significantly reduced their capacity for promoting podosome cluster formation and thereby dampened vascular leakage. Finally, we elucidated that podosome cluster-induced endothelial hyperpermeability was associated with fragmentation/depletion of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) at the cell periphery. Our results demonstrate that septic exosomes were enriched with high amounts of ROS, which can be transported to ECs, leading to the generation of podosome clusters in target ECs and thereby, causing ZO-1 relocation, vascular leakage, and cardiac dysfunction.
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16
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Madani A, Alack K, Richter MJ, Krüger K. Immune-regulating effects of exercise on cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:155-167. [PMID: 29731655 PMCID: PMC5923223 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s141149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term cigarette smoking (LTCS) represents an important risk factor for cardiac infarction and stroke and the central risk factor for the development of a bronchial carcinoma, smoking-associated interstitial lung fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The pathophysiologic development of these diseases is suggested to be promoted by chronic and progressive inflammation. Cigarette smoking induces repetitive inflammatory insults followed by a chronic and progressive activation of the immune system. In the pulmonary system of cigarette smokers, oxidative stress, cellular damage, and a chronic activation of pattern recognition receptors are described which are followed by the translocation of the NF-kB, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteases, and damage-associated molecular patterns. In parallel, smoke pollutants cross directly through the alveolus-capillary interface and spread through the systemic bloodstream targeting different organs. Consequently, LTCS induces a systemic low-grade inflammation and increased oxidative stress in the vascular system. In blood, these processes promote an increased coagulation and endothelial dysfunction. In muscle tissue, inflammatory processes activate catabolic signaling pathways followed by muscle wasting and sarcopenia. In brain, several characteristics of neuroinflammation were described. Regular exercise training has been shown to be an effective nonpharmacological treatment strategy in smoke-induced pulmonary diseases. It is well established that exercise training exerts immune-regulating effects by activating anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. In this regard, the release of myokines from contracting skeletal muscle, the elevations of cortisol and adrenalin, the reduced expression of Toll-like receptors, and the increased mobilization of immune-regulating leukocyte subtypes might be of vital importance. Exercise training also increases the local and systemic antioxidative capacity and several compensatory mechanisms in tissues such as an increased anabolic signaling in muscle or an increased compliance of the vascular system. Accordingly, regular exercise training seems to protect long-term smokers against some important negative local and systemic consequences of smoking. Data suggest that it seems to be important to start exercise training as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Madani
- Department of Exercise and Health, Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Alack
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Manuel Jonas Richter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise and Health, Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
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17
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Lu Q, Gottlieb E, Rounds S. Effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L743-L756. [PMID: 29351435 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00373.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. Cardiovascular comorbidities associated with both active and secondhand cigarette smoking indicate the vascular toxicity of smoke exposure. Growing evidence supports the injurious effect of cigarette smoke on pulmonary endothelial cells and the roles of endothelial cell injury in development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), emphysema, and pulmonary hypertension. This review summarizes results from studies of humans, preclinical animal models, and cultured endothelial cells that document toxicities of cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary endothelial cell functions, including barrier dysfunction, endothelial activation and inflammation, apoptosis, and vasoactive mediator production. The discussion is focused on effects of cigarette smoke-induced endothelial injury in the development of ARDS, emphysema, and vascular remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eric Gottlieb
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sharon Rounds
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
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18
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Takov K, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. Confounding factors in vesicle uptake studies using fluorescent lipophilic membrane dyes. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1388731. [PMID: 29184625 PMCID: PMC5699187 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1388731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) such as exosomes are nanocarriers of proteins, RNAs and DNAs. Isolation of pure sEV populations remains challenging, with reports of protein and lipoprotein contaminants in the isolates. Cellular uptake - a cornerstone for understanding exosome and sEV function - is frequently examined using lipophilic dyes such as PKH67 or CellMask to label the vesicles. In this study, we investigated whether contaminants can confound the outcomes from sEV and exosomes uptake experiments. sEVs were isolated from blood plasma of fasted or non-fasted rats as well as from serum-supplemented or serum-free conditioned cell culture medium using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Eluent fractions were characterized using nanoparticle tracking, protein and triglyceride assays and immunoassays. SEC fractions were labelled with different lipophilic dyes and cellular uptake was quantified using endothelial cells or primary cardiomyocytes. We report co-isolation of sEVs with apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Cellular dye transfer did not correspond to sEV content of the SEC fractions, but was severely affected by lipoprotein and protein content. Overnight fasting of rats decreased lipoprotein content and also decreased dye transfer, while late, sEV-poor/protein-rich fractions demonstrated even greater dye transfer. The potential for dye transfer to occur in the complete absence of sEVs was clearly shown by experiments using staining of sEV-depleted serum or pure protein sample. In conclusion, proteins and lipoproteins can make a substantial contribution to transfer of lipophilic dyes to recipient cells. Considering the likelihood of contamination of sEV and exosome isolates, lipophilic dye staining experiments should be carefully controlled, and conclusions interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaloyan Takov
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek M. Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sean M. Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
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19
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Amadio P, Tarantino E, Sandrini L, Tremoli E, Barbieri SS. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 deletion affects the natural trafficking of Annexin A2 in monocytes and favours venous thrombosis in mice. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1486-1497. [PMID: 28536720 DOI: 10.1160/th16-12-0968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common condition that often leads to pulmonary thromboembolism (VTE) and death. The role of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS)2 in arterial thrombosis has been well established, whereas its impact in venous thrombosis remains unclear. Here, we showed that PTGS2 deletion predisposes to venous thrombosis as suggested by greater clot firmness and clot elasticity, by higher plasma levels of functional fibrinogen, factor VIII and PAI-1 activity, and proved by bigger thrombi detected after inferior vena cava ligation (IVCL) compared to WT mice. PTGS2-/- thrombi have greater fibrin content, higher number of F4/80+, TF+ and ANXA2+ cells, and lower S100A10+ cells. Remarkably, monocyte depletion reduced thrombus size in mutant mice, suggesting an important role of PTGS2-/- monocytes in this experimental setting. Interestingly, PTGS2 deletion reduced membrane ANXA2, and total S100A10, promoted assembly of ANXA2/p50NF-kB complex and its nuclear accumulation, and induced TF in peritoneal macrophages, whereas ANXA2 silencing decreased dramatically TF. Finally, Carbaprostacyclin treatment prevented venous thrombus formation induced by IVCL in mutant mice, reduced the ANXA2 binding to p50NF-kB subunit and its nuclear trafficking, and decreased TF in PTGS2-/- macrophages. PTGS2 deletion, changing the natural distribution of ANXA2 in monocytes/macrophages, increases TF expression and activity predisposing to venous thrombosis. Interestingly, Carbaprostacyclin treatment, inhibiting nuclear ANXA2 trafficking, controls monocyte TF activity and prevents DVT occurrence. Our data are of help in elucidating the mechanisms by which PTGS2 inhibition increases DVT risk, and suggest a new role for ANXA2 in venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvia S Barbieri
- Silvia S. Barbieri, PhD, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy, Tel.: +39 02 50318357, Fax: +39 02 50318250, E-mail:
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20
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Gündüz D, Hamm CW, Aslam M. Simultaneous Isolation of High Quality Cardiomyocytes, Endothelial Cells, and Fibroblasts from an Adult Rat Heart. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28570510 DOI: 10.3791/55601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat is an important animal model used in cardiovascular research, and rat cardiac cells are used routinely for in vitro analysis of the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease progression such as cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. Although several attempts with variable success have been made to develop immortalized cell lines from the cardiovascular system to understand these cellular mechanisms, primary cells offer a more natural and close to in vivo environment for such studies. Therefore, different laboratories working on a particular cell type have developed protocols to isolate individual types of rat cardiac cells of interest. A protocol that allows the isolation of more than one cell type, however, is missing. Here an optimized protocol is described that allows the isolation of high-quality major cardiac cell types (cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts) from a single preparation and enables their use for cellular analyses. This permits the most efficient use of available resources, which may save time and reduce research costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dursun Gündüz
- Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen;
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21
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Gambardella J, Sardu C, Sacra C, Del Giudice C, Santulli G. Quit smoking to outsmart atherogenesis: Molecular mechanisms underlying clinical evidence. Atherosclerosis 2016; 257:242-245. [PMID: 28108018 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gambardella
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Inselspital Universitätsspitals, Bern, Switzerland; "John Paul II" Research and Care Foundation, Campobasso, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic, and Geriatric Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cosimo Sacra
- "John Paul II" Research and Care Foundation, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Carmine Del Giudice
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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22
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Abstract
Inflammatory cells and mediators are essential components in tumor microenvironment and play decisive roles in the initiation, proliferation, survival, promotion, invasion, or metastasis of lung cancer. Clinical and epidemiologic studies suggested a strong association between inflammation and lung cancer and an influence of immune surveillances and tumor responses to chemotherapeutic drugs, although roles of inflammation in lung cancer remain unclear. The present review outlined roles of inflammation in lung cancer, with particular focus on inflammatory components, types, biomarkers, or principal mechanisms by which the inflammation contributes to the development of lung cancer. The cancer-associated inflammatory cells (CICs) should be furthermore defined and include cancer-specific and interacted cells with inflammatory or inflammation-like characteristics, e.g., innate or adaptive immune cells and cancer tissue cells. We also discuss targeting potentials of inflammation in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. The diversity of cancer-related inflammatory microenvironment is instrumental to design novel therapeutic approaches for lung cancer.
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23
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Pathological Ace2-to-Ace enzyme switch in the stressed heart is transcriptionally controlled by the endothelial Brg1-FoxM1 complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5628-35. [PMID: 27601681 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525078113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding angiotensin-converting enzymes (Ace and Ace2) are essential for heart function regulation. Cardiac stress enhances Ace, but suppresses Ace2, expression in the heart, leading to a net production of angiotensin II that promotes cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. The regulatory mechanism that underlies the Ace2-to-Ace pathological switch, however, is unknown. Here we report that the Brahma-related gene-1 (Brg1) chromatin remodeler and forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor cooperate within cardiac (coronary) endothelial cells of pathologically stressed hearts to trigger the Ace2-to-Ace enzyme switch, angiotensin I-to-II conversion, and cardiac hypertrophy. In mice, cardiac stress activates the expression of Brg1 and FoxM1 in endothelial cells. Once activated, Brg1 and FoxM1 form a protein complex on Ace and Ace2 promoters to concurrently activate Ace and repress Ace2, tipping the balance to Ace2 expression with enhanced angiotensin II production, leading to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Disruption of endothelial Brg1 or FoxM1 or chemical inhibition of FoxM1 abolishes the stress-induced Ace2-to-Ace switch and protects the heart from pathological hypertrophy. In human hypertrophic hearts, BRG1 and FOXM1 expression is also activated in endothelial cells; their expression levels correlate strongly with the ACE/ACE2 ratio, suggesting a conserved mechanism. Our studies demonstrate a molecular interaction of Brg1 and FoxM1 and an endothelial mechanism of modulating Ace/Ace2 ratio for heart failure therapy.
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24
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Wang YNZ, Shan K, Yao MD, Yao J, Wang JJ, Li X, Liu B, Zhang YY, Ji Y, Jiang Q, Yan B. Long Noncoding RNA-GAS5: A Novel Regulator of Hypertension-Induced Vascular Remodeling. Hypertension 2016; 68:736-48. [PMID: 27432865 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is an important pathological feature of hypertension, leading to increased vascular resistance and reduced compliance. Endothelial cell (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction is involved in vascular remodeling. Long noncoding RNAs are potential regulators of EC and VSMC function. Herein, we determined whether long noncoding RNA-growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is involved in hypertension-related vascular remodeling. We revealed that GAS5 knockdown aggravated hypertension-induced microvascular dysfunction as shown by increased retinal neovascularization and capillary leakage. GAS5 regulated the remodeling of arteries, including caudal arteries, carotid arteries, renal arteries, and thoracic arteries. GAS5 was mainly expressed in ECs and VSMCs, and its expression was significantly downregulated in hypertension. GAS5 knockdown affected endothelial activation, endothelial proliferation, VSMC phenotypic conversion, and EC-VSMC communication in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, GAS5 regulated EC and VSMC function through β-catenin signaling. This study identified GAS5 as a critical regulator in hypertension and demonstrated the potential of gene therapy and drug development for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ning-Zhi Wang
- From the Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-N.-Z.W., K.S., M.-D.Y., J.Y., Q.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (J.-J.W.); Department of Cardiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, Chongqin Medical University, China (X.L.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (B.L.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-Y.Z.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (B.Y.)
| | - Kun Shan
- From the Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-N.-Z.W., K.S., M.-D.Y., J.Y., Q.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (J.-J.W.); Department of Cardiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, Chongqin Medical University, China (X.L.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (B.L.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-Y.Z.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (B.Y.)
| | - Mu-Di Yao
- From the Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-N.-Z.W., K.S., M.-D.Y., J.Y., Q.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (J.-J.W.); Department of Cardiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, Chongqin Medical University, China (X.L.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (B.L.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-Y.Z.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (B.Y.)
| | - Jin Yao
- From the Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-N.-Z.W., K.S., M.-D.Y., J.Y., Q.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (J.-J.W.); Department of Cardiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, Chongqin Medical University, China (X.L.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (B.L.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-Y.Z.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (B.Y.)
| | - Jia-Jian Wang
- From the Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-N.-Z.W., K.S., M.-D.Y., J.Y., Q.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (J.-J.W.); Department of Cardiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, Chongqin Medical University, China (X.L.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (B.L.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-Y.Z.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (B.Y.)
| | - Xiang Li
- From the Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-N.-Z.W., K.S., M.-D.Y., J.Y., Q.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (J.-J.W.); Department of Cardiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, Chongqin Medical University, China (X.L.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (B.L.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-Y.Z.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (B.Y.)
| | - Ban Liu
- From the Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-N.-Z.W., K.S., M.-D.Y., J.Y., Q.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (J.-J.W.); Department of Cardiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, Chongqin Medical University, China (X.L.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (B.L.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-Y.Z.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (B.Y.)
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- From the Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-N.-Z.W., K.S., M.-D.Y., J.Y., Q.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (J.-J.W.); Department of Cardiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, Chongqin Medical University, China (X.L.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (B.L.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-Y.Z.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (B.Y.)
| | - Yong Ji
- From the Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-N.-Z.W., K.S., M.-D.Y., J.Y., Q.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (J.-J.W.); Department of Cardiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, Chongqin Medical University, China (X.L.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (B.L.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-Y.Z.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (B.Y.)
| | - Qin Jiang
- From the Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-N.-Z.W., K.S., M.-D.Y., J.Y., Q.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (J.-J.W.); Department of Cardiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, Chongqin Medical University, China (X.L.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (B.L.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-Y.Z.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (B.Y.).
| | - Biao Yan
- From the Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-N.-Z.W., K.S., M.-D.Y., J.Y., Q.J.); Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (J.-J.W.); Department of Cardiology, the first Affiliated Hospital, Chongqin Medical University, China (X.L.); Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China (B.L.); Department of Cardiac Surgery, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.-Y.Z.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, China (Y.J.); and Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China (B.Y.).
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Lo Sasso G, Schlage WK, Boué S, Veljkovic E, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. The Apoe(-/-) mouse model: a suitable model to study cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in the context of cigarette smoke exposure and harm reduction. J Transl Med 2016; 14:146. [PMID: 27207171 PMCID: PMC4875735 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe(-/-)) mice display poor lipoprotein clearance with subsequent accumulation of cholesterol ester-enriched particles in the blood, which promote the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, the Apoe(-/-) mouse model is well established for the study of human atherosclerosis. The systemic proinflammatory status of Apoe(-/-) mice also makes them good candidates for studying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, characterized by pulmonary inflammation, airway obstruction, and emphysema, and which shares several risk factors with cardiovascular diseases, including smoking. Herein, we review the results from published studies using Apoe(-/-) mice, with a particular focus on work conducted in the context of cigarette smoke inhalation studies. The findings from these studies highlight the suitability of this animal model for researching the effects of cigarette smoking on atherosclerosis and emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- />Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stéphanie Boué
- />Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emilija Veljkovic
- />Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C. Peitsch
- />Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- />Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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26
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Leid J, Carrelha J, Boukarabila H, Epelman S, Jacobsen SEW, Lavine KJ. Primitive Embryonic Macrophages are Required for Coronary Development and Maturation. Circ Res 2016; 118:1498-511. [PMID: 27009605 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It is now recognized that macrophages residing within developing and adult tissues are derived from diverse progenitors including those of embryonic origin. Although the functions of macrophages in adult organisms are well studied, the functions of macrophages during organ development remain largely undefined. Moreover, it is unclear whether distinct macrophage lineages have differing functions. OBJECTIVE To address these issues, we investigated the functions of macrophage subsets resident within the developing heart, an organ replete with embryonic-derived macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a combination of flow cytometry, immunostaining, and genetic lineage tracing, we demonstrate that the developing heart contains a complex array of embryonic macrophage subsets that can be divided into chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2(-) and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2(+) macrophages derived from primitive yolk sac, recombination activating gene 1(+) lymphomyeloid, and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3(+) fetal monocyte lineages. Functionally, yolk sac-derived chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2(-) macrophages are instrumental in coronary development where they are required for remodeling of the primitive coronary plexus. Mechanistically, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2(-) macrophages are recruited to coronary blood vessels at the onset of coronary perfusion where they mediate coronary plexus remodeling through selective expansion of perfused vasculature. We further demonstrate that insulin like growth factor signaling may mediate the proangiogenic properties of embryonic-derived macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings demonstrate that the embryonic heart contains distinct lineages of embryonic macrophages with unique functions and reveal a novel mechanism that governs coronary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamison Leid
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.L., K.J.L.); Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom (J.C., H.B., S.E.W.J.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.); and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.J.L.)
| | - Joana Carrelha
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.L., K.J.L.); Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom (J.C., H.B., S.E.W.J.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.); and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.J.L.)
| | - Hanane Boukarabila
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.L., K.J.L.); Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom (J.C., H.B., S.E.W.J.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.); and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.J.L.)
| | - Slava Epelman
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.L., K.J.L.); Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom (J.C., H.B., S.E.W.J.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.); and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.J.L.)
| | - Sten E W Jacobsen
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.L., K.J.L.); Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom (J.C., H.B., S.E.W.J.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.); and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.J.L.)
| | - Kory J Lavine
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.L., K.J.L.); Haematopoietic Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom (J.C., H.B., S.E.W.J.); Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.E.); and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.J.L.).
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Cao C, Chen J, Lyu C, Yu J, Zhao W, Wang Y, Zou D. Bioinformatics Analysis of the Effects of Tobacco Smoke on Gene Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143377. [PMID: 26629988 PMCID: PMC4667894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the effects of tobacco smoke on gene expression through bioinformatics analyses. Gene expression profile GSE17913 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in buccal mucosa tissues between 39 active smokers and 40 never smokers were identified. Gene Ontology Specifically, the DEG distribution in the pathway of Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 was shown in Fig 2[corrected] were performed, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, transcriptional regulatory network as well as miRNA-target regulatory network construction. In total, 88 up-regulated DEGs and 106 down-regulated DEGs were identified. Among these DEGs, cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1B1 were enriched in the Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway. In the PPI network, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta (YWHAZ), and CYP1A1 were hub genes. In the transcriptional regulatory network, transcription factors of MYC associated factor X (MAX) and upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) regulated many overlapped DEGs. In addition, protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, D (PTPRD) was regulated by multiple miRNAs in the miRNA-DEG regulatory network. CYP1A1, CYP1B1, YWHAZ and PTPRD, and TF of MAX and USF1 may have the potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tobacco smoke-related pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chengqi Lyu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Derong Zou
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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28
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Metabolites of Scutellariae Radix Inhibit Injury of Endothelial Cells in Hypoxia Device. J Med Biol Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-015-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Amadio P, Baldassarre D, Tarantino E, Zacchi E, Gianellini S, Squellerio I, Amato M, Weksler BB, Tremoli E, Barbieri SS. Production of prostaglandin E2 induced by cigarette smoke modulates tissue factor expression and activity in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2015; 29:4001-10. [PMID: 26065856 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) increases the incidence of atherothrombosis, the release of prostaglandin (PG) E2, and the amount of tissue factor (TF). The link between PGE2 and TF, and the impact of this interaction on CS-induced thrombosis, is unknown. Plasma from active smokers showed higher concentration of PGE2, TF total antigen, and microparticle-associated TF (MP-TF) activity compared with never smokers. Similar results were obtained in mice and in mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCECs) after treatment with aqueous CS extracts (CSEs) plus IL-1β [CSE (6.4 puffs/L)/IL-1β (2 μg/L)]. A significant correlation between PGE2 and TF total antigen or MP-TF activity were observed in both human and mouse plasma or tissue. Inhibition of PGE synthase reduced TF in vivo and in vitro and prevented the arterial thrombosis induced by CSE/IL-1β. Only PG E receptor 1 (EP1) receptor antagonists (SC51089:IC50 ∼ 1 μM, AH6809:IC50 ∼ 7.5 μM) restored the normal TF and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels in MCECs before PGE2 (EC50 ∼ 2.5 mM) or CSE/IL-1β exposure. Similarly, SIRT1 activators (CAY10591: IC50 ∼ 10 μM, resveratrol: IC50 ∼ 5 μM) or prostacyclin analogs (IC50 ∼ 5 μM) prevented SIRT1 inhibition and reduced TF induced by CSE/IL-1β or by PGE2. In conclusion, PGE2 increases both TF expression and activity through the regulation of the EP1/SIRT1 pathway. These findings suggest that EP1 may represent a possible target to prevent prothrombotic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Amadio
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eva Tarantino
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena Zacchi
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sara Gianellini
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isabella Squellerio
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mauro Amato
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Babette B Weksler
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena Tremoli
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Silvia S Barbieri
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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30
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Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Bratsas A, Ioakeimidis N, Dima I, Xaplanteris P, Stefanadis C, Tousoulis D. Arterial stiffening and systemic endothelial activation induced by smoking: The role of COX-1 and COX-2. Int J Cardiol 2015; 189:293-8. [PMID: 25919966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness is an established predictor of cardiovascular risk. We explored the effects of acute smoking on arterial stiffness, systemic inflammation and endothelial activation in chronic smokers and the contribution of cyclooxygenases-1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2). METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study, we investigated in 28 young smokers the vascular and systemic effects of smoking one cigarette, 3h after receiving 1000 mg of aspirin (a non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor) or placebo (aspirin substudy), or 200 mg of celecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) or placebo (celecoxib substudy). Smoking increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV, a marker of aortic stiffness), indicating an adverse effect on arterial elastic properties. Similarly, circulating levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were increased after smoking. Aspirin fully prevented the smoking-induced increase of PWV after smoking. In contrast, celecoxib only partially prevented the smoking-induced increase of PWV. Both aspirin and celecoxib prevented to a similar extent the increase of ADMA levels after smoking. CONCLUSIONS Smoking one cigarette is associated with a deterioration of arterial stiffness and with systemic endothelial activation in chronic smokers. Both COX-1 and COX-2, but primarily COX-1, mediate these unfavorable effects of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- Peripheral Vessels and Hypertension Units, 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Aznaouridis
- Peripheral Vessels and Hypertension Units, 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Bratsas
- Peripheral Vessels and Hypertension Units, 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Ioakeimidis
- Peripheral Vessels and Hypertension Units, 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dima
- Peripheral Vessels and Hypertension Units, 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Xaplanteris
- Peripheral Vessels and Hypertension Units, 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christodoulos Stefanadis
- Peripheral Vessels and Hypertension Units, 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Peripheral Vessels and Hypertension Units, 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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31
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Sakallioğlu EE, Sakallioğlu U, Lütfioğlu M, Pamuk F, Kantarci A. Vascular endothelial cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor in periodontitis and smoking. Oral Dis 2014; 21:263-9. [PMID: 24853861 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the vascularization in periodontal disease process via revealing: (i) vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) productions in periodontitis and (ii) the impact of smoking on this phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen smokers and 15 non-smokers with/without periodontitis were allocated by split-mouth randomization regarding their smoking and periodontal statuses. The teeth with periodontitis in smokers (group 1), without periodontitis in smokers (group 2), with periodontitis in non-smokers (group 3), and without periodontitis in non-smokers (group 4) constituted the study groups. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of VE-cadherin and VEGF were determined by ELISA to evaluate their profiles in the groups. RESULTS There were increased VE-cadherin levels in groups 1 and 3 compared with groups 2 and 4 (P < 0.05). Group 2 demonstrated higher VE-cadherin level than group 4 (P < 0.05). Increased VEGF was noted in groups 1 and 3 compared with groups 2 and 4 (P < 0.05) with similar levels between groups 1 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 (P > 0.05). There were no correlations between the VE-cadherin and VEGF levels in all groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that VE-cadherin and VEGF may increase in periodontitis, and smoking may uniquely cause VE-cadherin production in GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Sakallioğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Wang X, Huang W, Liu G, Cai W, Millard RW, Wang Y, Chang J, Peng T, Fan GC. Cardiomyocytes mediate anti-angiogenesis in type 2 diabetic rats through the exosomal transfer of miR-320 into endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 74:139-50. [PMID: 24825548 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, nano-vesicles naturally released from living cells, have been well recognized to play critical roles in mediating cell-to-cell communication. Given that diabetic hearts exhibit insufficient angiogenesis, it is significant to test whether diabetic cardiomyocyte-derived exosomes possess any capacity in regulating angiogenesis. In this study, we first observed that both proliferation and migration of mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCECs) were inhibited when co-cultured with cardiomyocytes isolated from adult Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a commonly used animal model of type 2 diabetes. However, GK-myocyte-mediated anti-angiogenic effects were negated upon addition of GW4869, an inhibitor of exosome formation/release, into the co-cultures. Next, exosomes were purified from the myocyte culture supernatants by differential centrifugation. While exosomes derived from GK myocytes (GK-exosomes) displayed similar size and molecular markers (CD63 and CD81) to those originated from the control Wistar rat myocytes (WT-exosomes), their regulatory role in angiogenesis is opposite. We observed that the MCEC proliferation, migration and tube-like formation were inhibited by GK-exosomes, but were promoted by WT-exosomes. Mechanistically, we found that GK-exosomes encapsulated higher levels of miR-320 and lower levels of miR-126 compared to WT-exosomes. Furthermore, GK-exosomes were effectively taken up by MCECs and delivered miR-320. In addition, transportation of miR-320 from myocytes to MCECs could be blocked by GW4869. Importantly, the exosomal miR-320 functionally down-regulated its target genes (IGF-1, Hsp20 and Ets2) in recipient MCECs, and overexpression of miR-320 inhibited MCEC migration and tube formation. GK exosome-mediated inhibitory effects on angiogenesis were removed by knockdown of miR-320. Together, these data indicate that cardiomyocytes exert an anti-angiogenic function in type 2 diabetic rats through exosomal transfer of miR-320 into endothelial cells. Thus, our study provides a novel mechanism underlying diabetes mellitus-induced myocardial vascular deficiency which may be caused by secretion of anti-angiogenic exosomes from cardiomyocyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guansheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ronald W Millard
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jiang Chang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, Ontario N6A 4G5, Canada
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Giunzioni I, Bonomo A, Bishop E, Castiglioni S, Corsini A, Bellosta S. Cigarette smoke condensate affects monocyte interaction with endothelium. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234:383-90. [PMID: 24747113 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating monocytes adhere to the endothelium and migrate into the intima contributing to atherosclerotic plaque growth. Cigarette smoke is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, but it is not completely known how it affects monocyte behavior in atherogenesis. METHODS We studied the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on human monocytes (HM) chemotaxis and transmigration through an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer. RESULTS Pre-treatment with CSC caused a decrease in HM chemotaxis and transmigration (-55% and -18% vs control, p < 0.05, respectively), paralleled by a reduced expression of Rac 1 GTPase. On the contrary, direct exposure of both HM and EC to CSC increased (+23% vs control, p < 0.05) HM transmigration, paralleled by a strong stimulation of VCAM1 and ICAM1 expression by ECs, and by a slight increase in monocyte integrin expression. An enhancement of monocyte transmigration was obtained after the exposure of both HM and EC to medium conditioned by HM previously incubated with CSC (+265% vs control, p < 0.001). CSC showed a stimulatory effect on the expression by HM of TLR4, MCP1, IL8, IL1beta, and TNFalfa, which was ablated by pre treatment with PDTC. Incubation with neutralizing antibodies against both MCP1 or IL8 completely abolished the CSC-conditioned medium induced HM transmigration. CONCLUSIONS CSC induces HM to release chemotactic factor(s), which amplify the recruitment and transmigration of inflammatory cells through EC, but CSC may also reduce HM migratory capacity. Therefore, exposure to CSC affects monocyte behavior and interaction with the endothelium, thus potentially facilitating and/or further aggravating the atherogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Giunzioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Bonomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Bishop
- British American Tobacco Group Research & Development, Southampton, UK
| | - S Castiglioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Bellosta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Beard RS, Haines RJ, Wu KY, Reynolds JJ, Davis SM, Elliott JE, Malinin NL, Chatterjee V, Cha BJ, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Non-muscle Mlck is required for β-catenin- and FoxO1-dependent downregulation of Cldn5 in IL-1β-mediated barrier dysfunction in brain endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1840-53. [PMID: 24522189 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.144550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant elevation in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) contributes to neuroinflammatory diseases. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a hallmark phenotype of neuroinflammation. It is known that IL-1β directly induces BBB hyperpermeability but the mechanisms remain unclear. Claudin-5 (Cldn5) is a tight junction protein found at endothelial cell-cell contacts that are crucial for maintaining brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMVEC) integrity. Transcriptional regulation of Cldn5 has been attributed to the transcription factors β-catenin and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), and the signaling molecules regulating their nuclear translocation. Non-muscle myosin light chain kinase (nmMlck, encoded by the Mylk gene) is a key regulator involved in endothelial hyperpermeability, and IL-1β has been shown to mediate nmMlck-dependent barrier dysfunction in epithelia. Considering these factors, we tested the hypothesis that nmMlck modulates IL-1β-mediated downregulation of Cldn5 in BMVECs in a manner that depends on transcriptional repression mediated by β-catenin and FoxO1. We found that treating BMVECs with IL-1β induced barrier dysfunction concomitantly with the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and FoxO1 and the repression of Cldn5. Most importantly, using primary BMVECs isolated from mice null for nmMlck, we identified that Cldn5 repression caused by β-catenin and FoxO1 in IL-1β-mediated barrier dysfunction was dependent on nmMlck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Beard
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Liu Z, Vong QP, Liu C, Zheng Y. Borg5 is required for angiogenesis by regulating persistent directional migration of the cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:841-51. [PMID: 24451259 PMCID: PMC3952853 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-09-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using mouse knockout strategy, the authors uncovered a role for Borg5 in microvascular angiogenesis. In primary mouse cardiac endothelial cells, Borg5 interacts with septin cytoskeleton and colocalizes with perinuclear actomyosin fibers. The data presented suggest that Borg5 and septin regulate the actomyosin activity critical for persistent directional migration. The microvasculature is important for vertebrate organ development and homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanism of microvascular angiogenesis remains incompletely understood. Through studying Borg5 (Binder of the Rho GTPase 5), which belongs to a family of poorly understood effector proteins of the Cdc42 GTPase, we uncover a role for Borg5 in microvascular angiogenesis. Deletion of Borg5 in mice results in defects in retinal and cardiac microvasculature as well as heart development. Borg5 promotes angiogenesis by regulating persistent directional migration of the endothelial cells (ECs). In primary mouse cardiac ECs (MCECs), Borg5 associates with septins in the perinuclear region and colocalizes with actomyosin fibers. Both Borg5 deletion and septin 7 knockdown lead to a disruption of the perinuclear actomyosin and persistent directional migration. Our findings suggest that Borg5 and septin cytoskeleton spatially control actomyosin activity to ensure persistent directional migration of MCECs and efficient microvascular angiogenesis. Our studies reported here should offer a new avenue to further investigate the functions of Borg5, septin, and actomyosin in the microvasculature in the context of development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218 iPSC and Genome Engineering Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Isolation, characterization, and transplantation of cardiac endothelial cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:359412. [PMID: 24282814 PMCID: PMC3825130 DOI: 10.1155/2013/359412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Isolation and ex vivo expansion of cardiac endothelial cells have been a recurrent challenge due to difficulties in isolation, cell heterogeneity, lack of specific markers to identify myocardial endothelial cells, and inadequate conditions to maintain long-term cultures. Herein, we developed a method for isolation, characterization, and expansion of cardiac endothelial cells applicable to study endothelial cell biology and clinical applications such as neoangiogenesis. First, we dissociated the cells from murine heart by mechanical disaggregation and enzymatic digestion. Then, we used flow cytometry coupled with specific markers to isolate endothelial cells from murine hearts. CD45+ cells were gated out to eliminate the hematopoietic cells. CD31+/Sca-1+ cells were isolated as endothelial cells. Cells isolated from atrium grew faster than those from ventricle. Cardiac endothelial cells maintain endothelial cell function such as vascular tube formation and acetylated-LDL uptake in vitro. Finally, cardiac endothelial cells formed microvessels in dorsal matrigel plug and engrafted in cardiac microvessels following intravenous and intra-arterial injections. In conclusion, our multicolor flow cytometry method is an effective method to analyze and purify endothelial cells from murine heart, which in turn can be ex vivo expanded to study the biology of endothelial cells or for clinical applications such as therapeutic angiogenesis.
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The effects of inflammatory cytokines on lymphatic endothelial barrier function. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:395-406. [PMID: 24141404 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proper lymphatic function is necessary for the transport of fluids, macromolecules, antigens and immune cells out of the interstitium. The lymphatic endothelium plays important roles in the modulation of lymphatic contractile activity and lymph transport, but it's role as a barrier between the lymph and interstitial compartments is less well understood. Alterations in lymphatic function have long been associated with edema and inflammation although the integrity of the lymphatic endothelial barrier during inflammation is not well-defined. In this paper we evaluated the integrity of the lymphatic barrier in response to inflammatory stimuli commonly associated with increased blood endothelial permeability. We utilized in vitro assays of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) monolayer barrier function after treatment with different inflammatory cytokines and signaling molecules including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and LPS. Moderate increases in an index of monolayer barrier dysfunction were noted with all treatments (20-60 % increase) except IFN-γ which caused a greater than 2.5-fold increase. Cytokine-induced barrier dysfunction was blocked or reduced by the addition of LNAME, except for IL-1β and LPS treatments, suggesting a regulatory role for nitric oxide. The decreased LEC barrier was associated with modulation of both intercellular adhesion and intracellular cytoskeletal activation. Cytokine treatments reduced the expression of VE-cadherin and increased scavenging of β-catenin in the LECs and this was partially reversed by LNAME. Likewise the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 20 at the regulatory serine 19 site, which accompanied the elevated monolayer barrier dysfunction in response to cytokine treatment, was also blunted by LNAME application. This suggests that the lymphatic barrier is regulated during inflammation and that certain inflammatory signals may induce large increases in permeability.
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Insulin and the lung: connecting asthma and metabolic syndrome. J Allergy (Cairo) 2013; 2013:627384. [PMID: 24204385 PMCID: PMC3800560 DOI: 10.1155/2013/627384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and asthma are all rapidly increasing globally. Substantial emerging evidence suggests that these three conditions are epidemiologically and mechanistically linked. Since the link between obesity and asthma appears to extend beyond mechanical pulmonary disadvantage, molecular understanding is necessary. Insulin resistance is a strong, independent risk factor for asthma development, but it is unknown whether a direct effect of insulin on the lung is involved. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the effect of insulin on cellular components of the lung and highlights the molecular consequences of insulin-related metabolic signaling cascades that could adversely affect lung structure and function. Examples include airway smooth muscle proliferation and contractility and regulatory signaling networks that are associated with asthma. These aspects of insulin signaling provide mechanistic insight into the clinical evidence for the links between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and airway diseases, setting the stage for novel therapeutic avenues targeting these conditions.
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Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and hypertension: cross talk in RAS, BMP4, and ROS-dependent COX-2-derived prostanoids. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:204-14. [PMID: 23232839 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31827fe46e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelium regulates cardiovascular function, and endothelial dysfunction is the key initiator for arteriosclerosis and thrombosis and their complications. The endothelium is a dynamic interface that responds to various stimuli and synthesizes and liberates vasoactive molecules such as nitric oxide, prostaglandins, hyperpolarizing factor, and endothelin. Risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and hyperglycemia impair the ability of the endothelium to respond to physical or chemical stimulation appropriately, and increased oxidative stress is believed to be a major culprit. This brief article reviews the interplay among several oxidative stress regulators in the vascular wall and highlights therapeutic relevance through deeper understanding of the interplay between the renin-angiotensin system, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced oxidase, bone morphogenic protein 4, and cyclooxygenase 2-derived prostaglandins as a concerted pathogenic cascade in inducing and maintaining endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and diabetes.
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Onodera H, Arito M, Sato T, Ito H, Hashimoto T, Tanaka Y, Kurokawa MS, Okamoto K, Suematsu N, Kato T. Novel effects of edaravone on human brain microvascular endothelial cells revealed by a proteomic approach. Brain Res 2013; 1534:87-94. [PMID: 23958343 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) is a free radical scavenger used for acute ischemic stroke. However, it is not known whether edaravone works only as a free radical scavenger or possess other pharmacological actions. Therefore, we elucidated the effects of edaravone on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) by 2 dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). We found 38 protein spots the intensity of which was significantly altered 1.3 fold on average (p< 0.05) by the edaravone treatment and successfully identified 17 proteins of those. Four of those 17 proteins were cytoskeleton proteins or cytoskeleton-regulating proteins. Therefore, we subsequently investigated the change of size and shape of the cells, the actin network, and the tight junction of HBMEC by immunocytochemistry. As a result, most edaravone-treated HBMECs became larger and rounder compared with those that were not treated. Furthermore, edaravone-treated HBMECs formed gathering zona occludens (ZO)-1, a tight junction protein, along the junction of the cells. In addition, we found that edaravone suppressed interleukin (IL)-1β-induced secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which was reported to increase cell permeability. We found a novel function of edaravone is the promotion of tight junction formations of vascular endothelial cells partly via the down-regulation of MCP-1 secretion. These data provide fundamental and useful information in the clinical use of edaravone in patients with cerebral vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Onodera
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan
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Gornati R, Colombo G, Clerici M, Rossi F, Gagliano N, Riva C, Colombo R, Dalle-Donne I, Bernardini G, Milzani A. Protein carbonylation in human endothelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:118-28. [PMID: 23396223 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a significant independent risk factor for vascular diseases and is a leading cause of structural and functional alterations of the vascular endothelium. In this study, we show protein carbonylation in the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV-304) exposed to whole-phase cigarette smoke extract. The main carbonylated proteins, including cytoskeletal proteins, glycolytic enzymes, xenobiotic metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes, and endoplasmic reticulum proteins, were identified by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (redox proteomics). Morphological analyses by fluorescence microscopy evidenced alterations in the microtubule cytoskeleton, especially at longer exposure time to cigarette smoke extract. Morphological analyses by transmission electron microscopy showed vacuolisation of the cytoplasm, alteration of mitochondria ultrastructure, and some enlargement of the perinuclear space. The possible role played by protein carbonylation caused by reactive species contained in cigarette smoke in the cigarette smoke-induced endothelial injury is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, I-21100 Varese, Italy
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Bai N, Tranfield EM, Kavanagh TJ, Kaufman JD, Rosenfeld ME, van Eeden SF. Exposure to diesel exhaust upregulates COX-2 expression in ApoE knockout mice. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 24:518-27. [PMID: 22746401 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.696221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have shown that diesel exhaust (DE) inhalation caused progression of atherosclerosis; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. We hypothesize that exposure to DE upregulates cyclooxygenase (COX) expression and activity, which could play a role in DE-induced atherosclerosis. METHODS ApoE knockout mice (30-week old) fed with regular chow were exposed to DE (at 200 µg/m(3) of particulate matter) or filtered air (control) for 7 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week). The protein and mRNA expression of COX-1 and COX-2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry analysis and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. To examine COX activity, thoracic aortae were mounted in a wire myograph, and phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated vasoconstriction was measured with and without the presence of COX antagonists (indomethacin). COX-2 activity was further assessed by urine 2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF(1α) level, a major metabolite of prostacyclin I(2) (PGI(2)). RESULTS Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrates that DE exposure enhanced COX-2 expression in both thoracic aorta (p < 0.01) and aortic root (p < 0.03), with no modification of COX-1 expression. The increased COX-2 expression was positively correlated with smooth muscle cell content in aortic lesions (R(2) = 0.4081, p < 0.008). The fractional changes of maximal vasoconstriction in the presence of indomethacin was attenuated by 3-fold after DE exposure (p < 0.02). Urine 2,3-dinor-6-keto PGF(1α) level was 15-fold higher in DE group than the control (p < 0.007). The mRNA expression of COX-2 (p < 0.006) and PGI synthase (p < 0.02), but not COX-1, was significantly augmented after DE exposure. CONCLUSION We show that DE inhalation enhanced COX-2 expression, which is also associated with phenotypic changes of aortic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Cho T, Romagnuolo R, Scipione C, Boffa MB, Koschinsky ML. Apolipoprotein(a) stimulates nuclear translocation of β-catenin: a novel pathogenic mechanism for lipoprotein(a). Mol Biol Cell 2012; 24:210-21. [PMID: 23243000 PMCID: PMC3564524 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-08-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), the distinguishing component of lipoprotein(a), accelerates atherosclerosis by provoking endothelial cell dysfunction. This study unravels proatherosclerotic and proinflammatory apo(a)-mediated signaling pathways involving PTEN/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β that result in β-catenin nuclear translocation and up-regulation of COX-2. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is associated with cardiovascular disease risk. This may be attributable to the ability of Lp(a) to elicit endothelial dysfunction. We previously reported that apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a); the distinguishing kringle-containing component of Lp(a)) elicits cytoskeletal rearrangements in vascular endothelial cells, resulting in increased cellular permeability. These effects require a strong lysine-binding site (LBS) in apo(a). We now report that apo(a) induces both nuclear β-catenin–mediated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 secretion, indicating a proinflammatory role for Lp(a). Apo(a) caused the disruption of VE-cadherin/β-catenin complexes in a Src-dependent manner, decreased β-catenin phosphorylation, and increased phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β, ultimately resulting in increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin; all of these effects are downstream of apo(a) attenuation of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 activity. The β-catenin–mediated effects of apo(a) on COX-2 expression were absent using a mutant apo(a) lacking the strong LBS. Of interest, the normal and LBS mutant forms of apo(a) bound to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a similar manner, and the binding of neither was affected by lysine analogues. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel mechanism by which apo(a) can induce proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic effects through modulation of vascular endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Karaoglu A, Tunc T, Aydemir G, Onguru O, Uysal B, Kul M, Aydinoz S, Oztas E, Sarici U. Role of cyclooxygenase 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase in preclinical atherosclerosis. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2012; 31:432-8. [PMID: 22443285 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2012.659408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase enzymes may have a role in developing preclinical atherosclerosis. Designed groups were as follows: smoke exposed rats before and during pregnancy, only before pregnancy, and controls. Cross-sectional samples of abdominal aorta were examined immunohistochemically. Cyclooxygenase-2 and eNOS expression was evaluated semi-quantitatively through staining extent (focal, diffuse) and staining intensity. Diffuse COX-2 expression was detected in study groups. Endothelial NO synthase expression was diffuse in study groups. COX-2 and eNOS may contribute to the formation of preatherosclerotic lesions in offspring of rats exposed to cigarette smoke through inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaki Karaoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Turkey
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Barbieri SS, Amadio P, Gianellini S, Tarantino E, Zacchi E, Veglia F, Howe LR, Weksler BB, Mussoni L, Tremoli E. Cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostacyclin regulates arterial thrombus formation by suppressing tissue factor in a sirtuin-1-dependent-manner. Circulation 2012; 126:1373-84. [PMID: 22865892 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.097295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increase the risk of myocardial infarction and thrombotic events, but the responsible mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombus formation was significantly greater in COX-2 knockout compared with wild-type mice. Cross-transfusion experiments excluded the likelihood that COX-2 knockout platelets, despite enhanced aggregation responses to collagen and thrombin, are responsible for increased arterial thrombus formation in COX-2 knockout mice. Importantly, we observed that COX-2 deletion decreased prostacyclin synthase and production and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression, with consequent increased upregulation of tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of blood coagulation. Treatment of wild-type mice with a prostacyclin receptor antagonist or a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ antagonist, which predisposes to arterial thrombosis, decreased SIRT1 expression and increased TF activity. Conversely, exogenous prostacyclin or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ agonist completely reversed the thrombotic phenotype in COX-2 knockout mice, restoring normal SIRT1 levels and reducing TF activity. Furthermore, inhibition of SIRT1 increased TF expression and activity and promoted generation of occlusive thrombi in wild-type mice, whereas SIRT1 activation was sufficient to decrease abnormal TF activity and prothrombotic status in COX-2 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of SIRT1 and hence TF by prostacyclin/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ pathways not only represents a new mechanism in controlling arterial thrombus formation but also might be a useful target for therapeutic intervention in the atherothrombotic complications associated with COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Barbieri
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy.
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Maleszewska M, Moonen JRAJ, Huijkman N, van de Sluis B, Krenning G, Harmsen MC. IL-1β and TGFβ2 synergistically induce endothelial to mesenchymal transition in an NFκB-dependent manner. Immunobiology 2012; 218:443-54. [PMID: 22739237 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes to fibrotic diseases. The main inducer of EndMT is TGFβ signaling. TGFβ2 is the dominant isoform in the physiological embryonic EndMT, but its role in the pathological EndMT in the context of inflammatory co-stimulation is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate TGFβ2-induced EndMT in the context of inflammatory IL-1β signaling. Co-stimulation with IL-1β and TGFβ2, but not TGFβ1, caused synergistic induction of EndMT. Also, TGFβ2 was the only TGFβ isoform that was progressively upregulated during EndMT. External IL-1β stimulation was dispensable once EndMT was induced. The inflammatory transcription factor NFκB was upregulated in an additive manner by IL-1β and TGFβ2 co-stimulation. Co-stimulation also led to the nuclear translocation of NFκB which was sustained over long-term treatment. Activation of NFκB was indispensable for the co-induction of EndMT. Our data suggest that the microenvironment at the verge between inflammation (IL-1β) and tissue remodeling (TGFβ2) can strongly promote the process of EndMT. Therefore our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of pathological EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Maleszewska
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cardoso FL, Kittel Á, Veszelka S, Palmela I, Tóth A, Brites D, Deli MA, Brito MA. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide and/or unconjugated bilirubin impair the integrity and function of brain microvascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35919. [PMID: 22586454 PMCID: PMC3346740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis and jaundice are common conditions in newborns that can lead to brain damage. Though lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to alter the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), little is known on the effects of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) and even less on the joint effects of UCB and LPS on brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). Methodology/Principal Findings Monolayers of primary rat BMEC were treated with 1 µg/ml LPS and/or 50 µM UCB, in the presence of 100 µM human serum albumin, for 4 or 24 h. Co-cultures of BMEC with astroglial cells, a more complex BBB model, were used in selected experiments. LPS led to apoptosis and UCB induced both apoptotic and necrotic-like cell death. LPS and UCB led to inhibition of P-glycoprotein and activation of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in mono-cultures. Transmission electron microscopy evidenced apoptotic bodies, as well as damaged mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum in BMEC by either insult. Shorter cell contacts and increased caveolae-like invaginations were noticeable in LPS-treated cells and loss of intercellular junctions was observed upon treatment with UCB. Both compounds triggered impairment of endothelial permeability and transendothelial electrical resistance both in mono- and co-cultures. The functional changes were confirmed by alterations in immunostaining for junctional proteins β-catenin, ZO-1 and claudin-5. Enlargement of intercellular spaces, and redistribution of junctional proteins were found in BMEC after exposure to LPS and UCB. Conclusions LPS and/or UCB exert direct toxic effects on BMEC, with distinct temporal profiles and mechanisms of action. Therefore, the impairment of brain endothelial integrity upon exposure to these neurotoxins may favor their access to the brain, thus increasing the risk of injury and requiring adequate clinical management of sepsis and jaundice in the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa L. Cardoso
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Inês Palmela
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrea Tóth
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria A. Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Meng XY, Zhu ST, Zhou QZ, Li P, Wang YJ, Zhang ST. Promoter methylation regulates cigarette smoke-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Dig Dis 2012; 13:208-13. [PMID: 22435505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) could promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) through upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Promoter methylation mediates the transcriptional modulation of the COX-2 gene. The aim of the study was to explore whether COX-2 promoter methylation regulated COX-2 expression and functional activity in ESCC exposed to CSE. METHODS The methylation status of COX-2 promoter in two human ESCC cell lines, EC109 and TE-1, was examined using bisulfite sequencing analysis. COX-2 mRNA and protein expression were detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The promoter was hypermethylated in TE-1 which had a low level of COX-2 expression and was hypomethylated in EC109 with a relatively high level of COX-2 expression. Stimulation by cigarette smoke ethanol extract (EE) resulted in increased COX-2 expression in EC109, but not in TE-1. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-DC) demethylated the promoter and upregulated COX-2 expression as well as PGE(2) production in TE-1, especially followed by EE stimulation. No significant effect was observed in EC109. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that promoter methylation may be one of the mechanisms regulating COX-2 expression in ESCC in response to stimulation of CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
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Barbieri SS, Amadio P, Gianellini S, Zacchi E, Weksler BB, Tremoli E. Tobacco smoke regulates the expression and activity of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1: role of prostacyclin and NADPH-oxidase. FASEB J 2011; 25:3731-40. [PMID: 21737615 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-181776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke (TS) interacts with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to modulate generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of cyclooxygenase-2. We explored molecular mechanisms by which TS/IL-1β alters expression and activity of microsomal-prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and of prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) in mouse cardiac endothelial cells. TS (EC(50) ∼5 puffs/L) interacting with IL-1β (2 μg/L) up-regulates PGE(2) production and mPGES-1 expression, reaching a plateau at 4-6 h, but down-regulates prostacyclin (PGI(2)) release by increasing IL-1β-mediated PGIS tyrosine nitration. Inhibition of NADPH-oxidase, achieved pharmacologically and/or by silencing its catalytic subunit p47phox, or exogenous PGI(2) (carbaprostacyclin; IC(50) ∼5 μM) prevents production of both ROS and PGE(2), and negatively modulates mPGES-1 expression induced by TS/IL-1β. Moreover, inhibiting PGI(2), either using PGIS siRNA and/or CAY10441 (EC(50) ∼20 nM), a PGI(2) receptor antagonist, increases NADPH-oxidase activation, mPGES-1 synthesis, and PGE(2) production. Finally, lower PGI(2) levels associated with higher PGIS tyrosine nitration, p47phox translocation to the membrane (an index of activation of NADPH-oxidase), and mPGES-1 expression and activity were detected in cardiovascular tissues of ApoE(-/-) mice exposed to cigarette smoke compared to control mice. In conclusion, cigarette smoke in association with cytokines alters the balance between PGI(2)/PGE(2), reducing PGI(2) production and increasing synthesis and activity of mPGES-1 via NADPH-oxidase activation, predisposing to development of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Barbieri
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy.
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