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Xu X, Ying H, Huang L, Hong W, Chen W. Dietary choline intake and colorectal cancer: a cross-sectional study of 2005-2018 NHANES cycles. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1352535. [PMID: 38887505 PMCID: PMC11180780 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1352535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It remains unclear if choline intake is associated with colorectal cancer. Therefore, we examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods This cross-sectional study included 32,222 U.S. adults in the 2005-2018 NHANE cycles, among whom 227 reported colorectal cancer. Dietary choline was derived from 24-h recalls. Logistic regression estimated odds of colorectal cancer across increasing intake levels, adjusting for potential confounders. Results After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, BMI, alcohol use, smoking status, comorbidities, and dietary factors (energy, fat, fiber, and cholesterol), the odds ratio (OR) for colorectal cancer was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.69-1.06, p = 0.162) per 100 mg higher choline intake. Across increasing quartiles of choline intake, a non-significant inverse trend was observed (Q4 vs. Q1 OR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.37 ~ 1.55, P-trend = 0.23). Subgroup analyses revealed largely consistent associations, with a significant interaction by hypertension status (P-interaction =0.022). Conclusion In this large, nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, higher dietary choline intake was not significantly associated with colorectal cancer odds after adjusting for potential confounders. However, a non-significant inverse trend was observed. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongan Ying
- Department of Geriatrics, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Emergency, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwen Hong
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, Huangyan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Yang Q, Zhang P, Han L, Shi P, Zhao Z, Cui D, Hong K. Mitochondrial-related genes PDK2, CHDH, and ALDH5A1 served as a diagnostic signature and correlated with immune cell infiltration in ulcerative colitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3803-3822. [PMID: 38376420 PMCID: PMC10929806 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
We conducted an investigation to determine the potential of mitochondrial-related genes as diagnostic biomarkers in ulcerative colitis (UC), while also examining their association with immune cell infiltration. To achieve this, we acquired four datasets pertaining to UC, which included gene expression arrays and clinical data, from the GEO database. Subsequently, we selected three signature genes (PDK2, CHDH, and ALDH5A1) to construct a diagnostic model for UC. The nomogram and ROC curves exhibited exceptional diagnostic efficacy. Following this, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays validated the decreased mRNA and protein expression of PDK2, CHDH, and ALDH5A1 in the model of UC cells and dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced mice colitis tissues, aligning with the findings in the risk model. This investigation suggested a negative correlation between the expression of ALDH5A1, CHDH, and PDK2 and the infiltration of M1 macrophages. Then, immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the augmented expression of CD86 in the tissue of mice subjected to DSS, while a diminished expression of ALDH5A1, CHDH, and PDK2 was observed. Consequently, it can be inferred that targeting mitochondria-associated genes, namely PDK2, CHDH, and ALDH5A1, holds potential as a viable strategy for prognostic prediction and the implementation of immune therapy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Pengshuang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhifang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dejun Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Kunqiao Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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He Q, Wei Y, Zhu H, Song Y, Chen P, Wang B, Shi H, Qin P. The Mediating Effect of the Choline-to-Betaine Ratio on the Association Between PEMT rs7946 and Digestive System Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study in a Chinese Population. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102075. [PMID: 38351975 PMCID: PMC10862518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The enzyme phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) is responsible for synthesizing phosphatidylcholine by methylating phosphatidylethanolamine. We hypothesized that a polymorphism of the PEMT gene, rs7946, is involved in carcinogenesis. Objectives We aimed to investigate the relationship between PEMT rs7946 and digestive system cancer and examine possible effect modifiers and mediators. Methods We conducted a nested, case-control study within the China H-type Hypertension Registry Study, including 751 cases and 1:1 matched controls. To assess the association of PEMT rs7946 and digestive system cancer, we estimated odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression. We used the bootstrap test to examine the potential mediating effects of related metabolites. Results Our results revealed that wild-type homozygous CC genotype carriers of PEMT rs7946 had a significantly increased risk [odds ratio (OR): 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.66; P = 0.023] compared with the TT/CT combined genotypes. The effect was found to be more pronounced in individuals with a lower choline-to-betaine ratio (<0.412, P-interaction = 0.021). Furthermore, the mediation analysis indicated that the choline-to-betaine ratio played a significant role in mediating 13.55% of the association between PEMT rs7946 and digestive system cancer (P = 0.018). Conclusions Our study suggested that PEMT rs7946 may affect risk of digestive system cancer through direct and indirect pathways, and the choline-to-betaine ratio may partially mediate the indirect effect.This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTR1800017274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang He
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaping Wei
- College of Public Health, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hehao Zhu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Song
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Inspection and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Martín-Fernández-de-Labastida S, Alegria-Lertxundi I, de Pancorbo MM, Arroyo-Izaga M. Association between nutrient intake related to the one-carbon metabolism and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in the Basque Country. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3181-3191. [PMID: 37543963 PMCID: PMC10611602 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiologic evidence for the association between methyl-donor nutrient intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains inconclusive. We aimed to examine the relationship between intake of vitamins of the B group, methionine, total choline and betaine and CRC risk, in a population from the CRC screening programme in the Basque Country. DESIGN This observational study included 308 patients with CRC and 308 age- and sex-matched subjects as controls. During recruitment, dietary, anthropometric, lifestyle, socioeconomic, demographic, and health status information was collected. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for CRC risk. RESULTS The adjusted ORs for CRC risk decreased with higher intakes of choline and betaine (p < 0.05). After further adjustment for folate, high intake of choline and betaine remained associated with a reduced CRC risk (adjusted model for choline, OR third tertile vs first tertile = 0.45, 95% CI 0.26-0.80, p = 0.006; for betaine, OR third tertile vs first tertile = 0.27, 95% CI 0.16-0.47, p < 0.001). Regarding the other nutrients, our findings indicated a non-significant decrease in CRC risk with the high level of intake. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that choline and betaine intake influence CRC risk in the studied population.
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Grants
- 2011111153 Osasun Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritzako
- S-PE12UN058 Ekonomiaren Garapen eta Lehiakortasun Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza
- IT1633-22 Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza
- PRE_2014_1_161 Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza
- PRE_2015_2_0084 Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza
- EP_2016_1_0098 Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza
- PRE_2017_2_0006 Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza
- Universidad del País Vasco
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martín-Fernández-de-Labastida
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Spain
| | - Iker Alegria-Lertxundi
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- Department of Z. and Cellular Biology A., Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Spain
- BIOMICs Research Group, Microfluidics & BIOMICs Cluster, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Spain
- Bioaraba, BA04.03, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Spain
| | - Marta Arroyo-Izaga
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Spain.
- BIOMICs Research Group, Microfluidics & BIOMICs Cluster, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Spain.
- Bioaraba, BA04.03, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Spain.
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Rossi M, Khalifeh M, Fiori F, Parpinel M, Serraino D, Pelucchi C, Negri E, Giacosa A, Crispo A, Collatuzzo G, Hannun Y, Luberto C, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. Dietary choline and sphingomyelin choline moiety intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:905-910. [PMID: 37479807 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phospholipids are possible favorable agents for colorectal cancer (CRC). Choline has been inversely related to CRC risk but findings are inconsistent. We assessed the effect of dietary sphingomyelin (SM) choline moiety and total choline intake on risk of CRC. METHOD This analysis is based on a multicenter case-control study conducted between 1992 and 1996 in Italy. A total of 6107 subjects were enrolled, including 1225 colon cancer cases, 728 rectal cancer cases and 4154 hospital-based controls. We applied data on the composition of foods in terms of SM choline moiety and choline intake on dietary information collected through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Odds ratio (OR) for energy-adjusted tertiles of SM choline moiety and choline were estimated through logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, center, education, alcohol consumption, body mass index, family history of CRC, and physical activity. RESULTS Choline was inversely related to CRC risk (OR for the highest versus the lowest tertile: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.99), with a significant trend in risk. The OR for an increment of one standard deviation of energy-adjusted choline intake was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88-0.98). The association was consistent in colon and rectal cancer and also across colon subsites. SM choline moiety was not associated with CRC risk (OR for the highest versus the lowest tertile: 0.96, 95% CI 0.84-1.11). CONCLUSION This study shows an inverse association between choline intake and CRC but not with SM choline moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rossi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Malak Khalifeh
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Federica Fiori
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 33108, Aviano, Italy
| | - Claudio Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Attilio Giacosa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Policlinico di Monza, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Yusuf Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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6
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Li Y, Shen X, Yang X, Lian F, Li Y, Li J, Huang Y, Shen W, Liu H. CHDH, a key mitochondrial enzyme, plays a diagnostic role in metabolic disorders diseases and tumor progression. Front Genet 2023; 14:1240650. [PMID: 37600654 PMCID: PMC10433736 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1240650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) is a transmembrane protein located in mitochondria. CHDH has been shown to be one of the important catalytic enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of choline to betaine and is involved in mitochondrial autophagy after mitochondrial damage. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on CHDH and found a close association with the pathogenesis of various diseases, including tumor prognosis. Here we summarized the genomic localization, protein structure and basic functions of CHDH and discuss the progress of CHDH research in metabolic disorders and other diseases. Moreover, we described the regulatory role of CHDH on the progression of different types of malignant tumors. In addition, major pathogenic mechanisms of CHDH in multiple diseases may be associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). We look forward to providing new strategies and basis for clinical diagnosis and prognosis prediction of diseases by diagnosing SNP loci of CHDH genes. Our work evaluates the feasibility of CHDH as a molecular marker relevant to the diagnosis of some metabolic disorders diseases and tumors, which may provide new targets for the treatment of related diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xinzhuang Shen
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Fuming Lian
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinmeng Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yongming Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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7
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Majumder A. Targeting Homocysteine and Hydrogen Sulfide Balance as Future Therapeutics in Cancer Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1520. [PMID: 37627515 PMCID: PMC10451792 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A high level of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with oxidative/ER stress, apoptosis, and impairment of angiogenesis, whereas hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been found to reverse this condition. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells need to produce a high level of endogenous H2S to maintain cell proliferation, growth, viability, and migration. However, any novel mechanism that targets this balance of Hcy and H2S production has yet to be discovered or exploited. Cells require homocysteine metabolism via the methionine cycle for nucleotide synthesis, methylation, and reductive metabolism, and this pathway supports the high proliferative rate of cancer cells. Although the methionine cycle favors cancer cells for their survival and growth, this metabolism produces a massive amount of toxic Hcy that somehow cancer cells handle very well. Recently, research showed specific pathways important for balancing the antioxidative defense through H2S production in cancer cells. This review discusses the relationship between Hcy metabolism and the antiapoptotic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects of H2S in different cancer types. It also summarizes the historical understanding of targeting antioxidative defense systems, angiogenesis, and other protective mechanisms of cancer cells and the role of H2S production in the genesis, progression, and metastasis of cancer. This review defines a nexus of diet and precision medicine in targeting the delicate antioxidative system of cancer and explores possible future therapeutics that could exploit the Hcy and H2S balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Van Puyvelde H, Dimou N, Katsikari A, Indave Ruiz BI, Godderis L, Huybrechts I, De Bacquer D. The association between dietary intakes of methionine, choline and betaine and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 83:102322. [PMID: 36701983 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This study evaluates the associations between dietary intakes and circulating blood levels of methionine, choline or betaine and breast cancer risk, which remains currently unclear. METHODS Systematic searches for observational epidemiological studies were performed of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases through July, 2022. Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage, and screened full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by data extraction from qualified studies. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale quality assessment tool. Risk estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS In total, 21 studies were selected for qualitative analyses and 18 studies were included in the meta-analyses. Random-effects analysis combining prospective cohort (N = 8) or case-control studies (N = 10) showed little evidence of an association between dietary intake of methionine or betaine and the risk of breast cancer. However, inconclusive evidence for a significant inverse association between choline intake and breast cancer risk was found in case-control studies (odds ratio [OR] estimates for highest vs. lowest intakes = 0.38; 95 % CI: 0.16-0.86) but not in prospective cohort studies (hazard ratio [HR] estimates for highest vs. lowest intakes = 1.01; 95 % CI: 0.92-1.12). CONCLUSION This study did not suggest an effect of dietary intake of methionine, choline, nor betaine on breast cancer risk, mainly due to the lack of precision of the combined risk estimates as few studies are available. To overcome this uncertainty, more well-designed studies with relevant individual-level covariates are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Van Puyvelde
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 4K3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Egmontstraat 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok D box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niki Dimou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Aikaterini Katsikari
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Blanca Iciar Indave Ruiz
- WHO Classification of Tumours, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok D box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE (Externe dienst voor Preventie en Bescherming op het Werk), Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Dirk De Bacquer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 4K3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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9
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Proteomic and Bioinformatic Tools to Identify Potential Hub Proteins in the Audiogenic Seizure-Prone Hamster GASH/Sal. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061048. [PMID: 36980356 PMCID: PMC10047193 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The GASH/Sal (Genetic Audiogenic Seizure Hamster, Salamanca) is a model of audiogenic seizures with the epileptogenic focus localized in the inferior colliculus (IC). The sound-induced seizures exhibit a short latency (7–9 s), which implies innate protein disturbances in the IC as a basis for seizure susceptibility and generation. Here, we aim to study the protein profile in the GASH/Sal IC in comparison to controls. Protein samples from the IC were processed for enzymatic digestion and then analyzed by mass spectrometry in Data-Independent Acquisition mode. After identifying the proteins using the UniProt database, we selected those with differential expression and performed ontological analyses, as well as gene-protein interaction studies using bioinformatics tools. We identified 5254 proteins; among them, 184 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 126 upregulated and 58 downregulated proteins, and 10 of the DEPs directly related to epilepsy. Moreover, 12 and 7 proteins were uniquely found in the GASH/Sal or the control. The results indicated a protein profile alteration in the epileptogenic nucleus that might underlie the inborn occurring audiogenic seizures in the GASH/Sal model. In summary, this study supports the use of bioinformatics methods in proteomics to delve into the relationship between molecular-level protein mechanisms and the pathobiology of rodent models of audiogenic seizures.
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10
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Yeroshkina K, Rossokha Z, Fishchuk L, Gorovenko N. Betaine consumption as a new clinical approach to treatment and prophylaxis of folate-related pathologies. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:716-726. [PMID: 36164833 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important pathway in the development of folate-related pathologies is an increase in the level of homocysteine (HC). HC, a cytotoxic and neurotoxic amino acid (when its level is ≥12 μmol/L), is 1 of the most widely studied compounds in cardiology, neurobiology, oncology, and embryology for the last 20 years. Given its toxicity, the processes of endogenous detoxification of HC are of particular interest to medicine. To date, the most studied pathway is that of remethylation (the conversion of HC to methionine), with the participation of B12- and B9-dependent methionine synthase. Less studied is remethylation with the participation of the choline derivatives betaine and betaine-HC-S-methyltransferase (BHMT). Therefore, the aim of this review was to conduct a theoretical analysis of available information regarding the contribution of betaine metabolism, its enzyme, and its genetic polymorphism to folate metabolism disturbances, and the development of folate-related pathologies. This review emphasizes the potential clinical significance of 2 factors that can influence the remethylation reaction of HC: the use of betaine and identifying the BHMT gene variants and their impact on the risk for developing certain folate-related pathologies, and treatment options. Moreover, with a high level of methylation of the BHMT gene and in the presence of its low-function variants (eg, rs3733890), it is necessary to use betaine as an additional methyl donor, especially during folate therapy. More clinical research is needed to identify the effects of the different BHMT gene variants on the individual risk for folate-related pathologies to better assess the clinical significance, the need for genetic testing, and betaine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Yeroshkina
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Zoia Rossokha
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liliya Fishchuk
- State Institution "Reference-Centre for Molecular Diagnostic of Public Health Ministry of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine.,State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Gorovenko
- State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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11
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BenAyed-Guerfali D, Kifagi C, BenKridis-Rejeb W, Ammous-Boukhris N, Ayedi W, Khanfir A, Daoud J, Mokdad-Gargouri R. The Identification by Exome Sequencing of Candidate Genes in BRCA-Negative Tunisian Patients at a High Risk of Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081296. [PMID: 35893033 PMCID: PMC9331434 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Germline variants in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes explain about 20% of hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC) cases. In the present paper, we aim to identify genetic determinants in BRCA-negative families from the South of Tunisia. (2) Methods: Exome Sequencing (ES) was performed on the lymphocyte DNA of patients negative for BRCA mutations from each Tunisian family with a high risk of HBOC. (3) Results: We focus on the canonical genes associated with HBOC and identified missense variants in DNA damage response genes, such as ATM, RAD52, and RAD54; however, no variants in PALB2, Chek2, and TP53 genes were found. To identify novel candidate genes, we selected variants harboring a loss of function and identified 17 stop-gain and 11 frameshift variants in genes not commonly known to be predisposed to HBOC. Then, we focus on rare and high-impact genes shared by at least 3 unrelated patients from each family and selected 16 gene variants. Through combined data analysis from MCODE with gene ontology and KEGG pathways, a short list of eight candidate genes (ATM, EP300, LAMA1, LAMC2, TNNI3, MYLK, COL11A2, and LAMB3) was created. The impact of the 24 selected genes on survival was analyzed using the TCGA data resulting in a selection of five candidate genes (EP300, KMT2C, RHPN2, HSPG2, and CCR3) that showed a significant association with survival. (4) Conclusions: We identify novel candidate genes predisposed to HBOC that need to be validated in larger cohorts and investigated by analyzing the co-segregation of selected variants in affected families and the locus-specific loss of heterozygosity to highlight their relevance for HBOC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra BenAyed-Guerfali
- Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Street Km 6, BP 1177, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (D.B.-G.); (C.K.); (N.A.-B.); (W.A.)
| | - Chamseddine Kifagi
- Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Street Km 6, BP 1177, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (D.B.-G.); (C.K.); (N.A.-B.); (W.A.)
| | - Wala BenKridis-Rejeb
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax 3002, Tunisia; (W.B.-R.); (A.K.)
| | - Nihel Ammous-Boukhris
- Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Street Km 6, BP 1177, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (D.B.-G.); (C.K.); (N.A.-B.); (W.A.)
| | - Wajdi Ayedi
- Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Street Km 6, BP 1177, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (D.B.-G.); (C.K.); (N.A.-B.); (W.A.)
| | - Afef Khanfir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax 3002, Tunisia; (W.B.-R.); (A.K.)
| | - Jamel Daoud
- Department of Radiotherapy, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax 3002, Tunisia;
| | - Raja Mokdad-Gargouri
- Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Street Km 6, BP 1177, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (D.B.-G.); (C.K.); (N.A.-B.); (W.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +216-748-744-49
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12
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Shim E, Park E. Choline intake and its dietary reference values in Korea and other countries: a review. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:S126-S133. [PMID: 35651834 PMCID: PMC9127521 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.s1.s126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Shim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Soongeui Women’s College, Seoul 04628, Korea
| | - Eunju Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Korea
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13
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Wang Z, Li K, Ouyang L, Iko H, Safi AJ, Gao S. Effects of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase single-nucleotide polymorphisms on breast, cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer susceptibilities. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2021; 7:169-181. [PMID: 34505017 PMCID: PMC8413124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies identifying methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms associated with breast cancer (BC), ovarian cancer (OC), cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer (EC) have reported conflicting results and been underpowered. To clarify the correlation between MTHFR mutations and these common female malignancies, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis incorporating all eligible publications. Methods Relevant reports published before January 20, 2020, were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval summaries for the MTHFR 677C/T and 1298A/C polymorphisms in BC, OC, cervical cancer, and EC were estimated. Results A total of 171 studies comprising 56,675 cancer cases and 67,559 controls were included. The results showed a markedly elevated risk of cancer susceptibility related to MTHFR 677C/T based on all genetic models. Similarly, we identified a significant correlation between 1298A/C mutation and cancer risk based on overall comparisons among all models, except the heterozygous model. Moreover, subgroup analysis by cancer type revealed a significantly increased risk of BC associated with 677C/T in the five models and of cervical cancer associated with 1298A/C in some models. Based on ethnicity, significant associations were observed between Asian, African, and mixed populations for 677C/T and the Asian population for 1298A/C. With regard to the sample type used for analysis, we detected a positive association between using blood as the DNA source and cancer risk for 677C/T in all genetic models and for 1298A/C in some genetic models. Further stratification of the results revealed that a notably increased risk was associated with the use of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism or TaqMan as the genotyping method, as well as with the use of population-or hospital-based groups as the controls for 677C/T and 1298A/C, respectively. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that MTHFR 677C/T and 1298A/C polymorphisms correlate with the risk of common gynecological cancers, with these findings potentially applicable for overall comparisons of related data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Ling Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Hidasa Iko
- Japan Shouko Co. Ltd, Nisikujo 3-5-4 Konohanaku Osakashi Osakafu Japan, 554-0012, Japan
| | | | - Shan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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14
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Borrego SL, Fahrmann J, Hou J, Lin DW, Tromberg BJ, Fiehn O, Kaiser P. Lipid remodeling in response to methionine stress in MDA-MBA-468 triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100056. [PMID: 33647277 PMCID: PMC8042402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid and critical precursor to the cellular methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine. Unlike nontransformed cells, cancer cells have a unique metabolic requirement for Met and are unable to proliferate in growth media where Met is replaced with its metabolic precursor, homocysteine. This metabolic vulnerability is common among cancer cells regardless of tissue origin and is known as "methionine dependence", "methionine stress sensitivity", or the Hoffman effect. The response of lipids to Met stress, however, is not well-understood. Using mass spectroscopy, label-free vibrational microscopy, and next-generation sequencing, we characterize the response of lipids to Met stress in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 and its Met stress insensitive derivative, MDA-MB-468res-R8. Lipidome analysis identified an immediate, global decrease in lipid abundances with the exception of triglycerides and an increase in lipid droplets in response to Met stress specifically in MDA-MB-468 cells. Furthermore, specific gene expression changes were observed as a secondary response to Met stress in MDA-MB-468, resulting in a downregulation of fatty acid metabolic genes and an upregulation of genes in the unfolded protein response pathway. We conclude that the extensive changes in lipid abundance during Met stress is a direct consequence of the modified metabolic profile previously described in Met stress-sensitive cells. The changes in lipid abundance likely results in changes in membrane composition inducing the unfolded protein response we observe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Borrego
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Fahrmann
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jue Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Da-Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bruce J Tromberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kaiser
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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15
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A Metabolic Gene Signature to Predict Overall Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6716908. [PMID: 33456371 PMCID: PMC7787728 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6716908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that emanates from the lips, mouth, paranasal sinuses, oropharynx, larynx, nasopharynx, and from other pharyngeal cancers. The availability of high-throughput expression data has made it possible to use global gene expression data to analyze the relationship between metabolic-related gene expression and clinical outcomes in HNSCC patients. Method In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), with validation in the GEO dataset to profile the metabolic microenvironment and define potential biomarkers for metabolic therapy. Results We extracted data for 529 patients and 327 metabolic genes (198 upregulated and 129 downregulated genes) in the TCGA database. Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and CA6 had the largest logFCs in the upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Our Cox regression model data showed 51 prognostic-related genes with lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 (LCLAT1) and choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) being associated with the highest risk (HR = 1.144, 95% CI = 1.044 ~ 1.251) and the lowest risk (HR = 0.580, 95% CI = 0.400 ~ 0.839) in HNSCC, respectively. We next used the ROC curve to evaluate whether the differentially expressed metabolic-related genes could serve as early predictors of HNSCC. The findings showed an AUC of 0.745 and 0.618 in the TCGA and GEO analysis, respectively. Besides, the ability for the genes to predict clinicopathological HNSCC status was analyzed and the data showed that the AUC for age, gender, grade, stage, T, M, and N was 0.520, 0.495, 0.568, 0.606, 0.577, 0.476, and 0.673, respectively, in the TCGA dataset. On the other hand, the AUC for age, gender, stage, T, M, N, smoking, and HPV16-pos was 0.599, 0.531, 0.622, 0.606, 0.616, 0.550, 0.614, 0.519, and 0.397, respectively, in the GEO dataset. Conclusion Taken together, our study unearths a novel metabolic gene signature for the prediction of HNSCC prognosis based on the TCGA dataset. Our signature might point out the metabolic microenvironment disorders and provides potential treatment targets and prognostic biomarkers.
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Lopes D, Melo T, Meneses J, Abreu MH, Pereira R, Domingues P, Lillebø AI, Calado R, Domingues MR. A New Look for the Red Macroalga Palmaria palmata: A Seafood with Polar Lipids Rich in EPA and with Antioxidant Properties. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090533. [PMID: 31540326 PMCID: PMC6780953 DOI: 10.3390/md17090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmaria palmata is an edible red macroalga widely used for human consumption and valued for its high protein value. Despite its low total lipid content, it is rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This seaweed has been scarcely explored with regard to its lipid composition. The polar lipids of seaweeds are nowadays recognized as important phytochemicals contributing to their add value valorization and providing support for claims of potential health benefits. The present study aimed to disclose the polar lipid profile of P. palmata, farmed in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) through modern lipidomic approaches using high-resolution LC-MS and MS/MS and to screen for the antioxidant properties of this red macroalga. A total of 143 molecular species of lipids were identified, belonging to several classes of polar lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, and betaine lipids. It is noteworthy that the most abundant lipid species in each class were esterified with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), accounting for more than 50% of the lipid content. The polar lipid extract rich in EPA showed antioxidant activity with an inhibition concentration (IC) of IC30 = 171 ± 19.8 µg/mL for α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●) and IC50 = 26.2 ± 0.1 µg/mL for 2,20-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS●+). Overall, this study highlights that P. palmata farmed in an IMTA framework can be a sustainable source of beneficial lipids with antioxidant activity. Moreover, this red macroalga can be exploited for future applications as a source of lipids rich in EPA for food and feed, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lopes
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Meneses
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria H Abreu
- ALGAplus - Produção e comercialização de algas e seus derivados, Lda., 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Rui Pereira
- ALGAplus - Produção e comercialização de algas e seus derivados, Lda., 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I Lillebø
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA-LAQV, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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17
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Hasan T, Arora R, Bansal AK, Bhattacharya R, Sharma GS, Singh LR. Disturbed homocysteine metabolism is associated with cancer. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 30804341 PMCID: PMC6389897 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia/Homocysteinuria is characterized by an increased level of toxic homocysteine in the plasma. The plasma concentration of homocysteine is 5–15 μmol/L in healthy individuals, while in hyperhomocysteinemic patients, it can be as high as 500 μmol/L. While increased homocysteine levels can cause symptoms such as osteoporosis and eye lens dislocation, high homocysteine levels are most closely associated with cardiovascular complications. Recent advances have shown that increased plasma Hcy is also a fundamental cause of neurodegenerative diseases (including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia), diabetes, Down syndrome, and megaloblastic anemia, among others. In recent years, increased plasma homocysteine has also been shown to be closely related to cancer. In this review, we discuss the relation between elevated plasma Hcy levels and cancer, and we conclude that disturbed homocysteine metabolism is associated with cancer. Future clinical perspectives are also discussed. Cancer can be added to the wide range of diseases known to be associated with elevated blood levels of the small amino acid homocysteine. Abnormally high levels of this compound are already known to contribute to conditions including cardiovascular problems, neurodegenerative diseases, neural tube defects, Down’s syndrome, diabetes and megaloblastic anemia. This review, by Laishram R. Singh and colleagues at the University of Delhi, India, concludes that disturbed homocysteine metabolism is associated with many forms of human cancer. The authors discuss a range of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that may be involved in the cause and effect relationships between homocysteine metabolism and cancer. It is particularly interesting that low folate (vitamin B9) levels result in high homocysteine levels, and vice versa. Further research may yield insights leading to new forms of cancer treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauheed Hasan
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Reetika Arora
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Aniket Kumar Bansal
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Reshmee Bhattacharya
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Gurumayum Suraj Sharma
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
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18
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Dietary Choline Intake: Current State of Knowledge Across the Life Cycle. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101513. [PMID: 30332744 PMCID: PMC6213596 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline, an essential dietary nutrient for humans, is required for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, the methyl group donor, betaine, and phospholipids; and therefore, choline is involved in a broad range of critical physiological functions across all stages of the life cycle. The current dietary recommendations for choline have been established as Adequate Intakes (AIs) for total choline; however, dietary choline is present in multiple different forms that are both water-soluble (e.g., free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine) and lipid-soluble (e.g., phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). Interestingly, the different dietary choline forms consumed during infancy differ from those in adulthood. This can be explained by the primary food source, where the majority of choline present in human milk is in the water-soluble form, versus lipid-soluble forms for foods consumed later on. This review summarizes the current knowledge on dietary recommendations and assessment methods, and dietary choline intake from food sources across the life cycle.
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Wiedeman AM, Dyer RA, Green TJ, Xu Z, Barr SI, Innis SM, Kitts DD. Variations in plasma choline and metabolite concentrations in healthy adults. Clin Biochem 2018; 60:77-83. [PMID: 30125545 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma concentrations of choline and its metabolites might serve as biomarkers for the health outcomes of several pathological states such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, information about the reliability of biomarkers of choline status is limited. We investigated biological variations in repeated measures of choline and metabolites in healthy adults to assess them as biomarkers. METHODS Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast at three-time points 12 days apart from 40 adults (mean age, 33 y; male, n = 21). A subset (n = 19; [male, n = 8]) provided one additional sample after a breakfast meal. Plasma free choline, betaine and dimethylglycine were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and plasma phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The biological variations observed for choline and metabolites were ≤ 13% for adult fasting samples. This corresponded to intra-class correlations (ICC) that ranged from 0.593 to 0.770 for fasting values for choline and metabolites. A similar ICC range was also obtained between fasting and post-prandial states. Although most post-prandial concentrations of choline and metabolites were significantly higher (P < .05) than fasting, all fell within a calculated reference interval. The participants were correctly classified in tertiles for fasting and post-prandial states for choline (68%) and metabolites (range = 32% phosphatidylcholine and 79% for sphingomyelin). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that biological variations of choline and metabolites are low in healthy adults and values from a single blood sample can be used as a biomarker. However, choosing phosphatidylcholine as a biomarker is less reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M Wiedeman
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 west 28(th) avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Roger A Dyer
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 west 28(th) avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Timothy J Green
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 west 28(th) avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Zhaoming Xu
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Susan I Barr
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Sheila M Innis
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 west 28(th) avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - David D Kitts
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Association of choline and betaine levels with cancer incidence and survival: A meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:100-109. [PMID: 29606601 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidences suggest possible link between betaine and choline, methyl group donors, and cancer progression. We examined the association between choline and betaine levels and cancer incidence and survival in a meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS We identified observational studies examining the association between choline and/or betaine levels from diet or blood and cancer incidence and survival by searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies published up to Jan, 2018. After applying the selection criteria, 28 observational studies (9 case-control, 1 cross-sectional, and 18 cohort studies) were included. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted, and combined RRs were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS Choline levels were not associated with cancer incidence in a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Betaine levels reduced the risk of cancer incidence in a meta-analysis of cohort studies; combined relative risks (RRs) (95% CIs) comparing the top with the bottom categories were 0.93 (0.87-0.99). When we analyzed separately according to exposure assessment method, combined RRs (95% CIs) comparing the top with the bottom categories of betaine levels were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78-0.95) for dietary betaine and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77-0.99) for blood levels of betaine. There were no significant associations with cancer survivorship of choline or betaine levels. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that high betaine levels were associated with lower risk of the cancer incidence, especially for colorectal cancer.
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21
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Gadda G, Yuan H. Substitutions of S101 decrease proton and hydride transfers in the oxidation of betaine aldehyde by choline oxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 634:76-82. [PMID: 29029877 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Choline oxidase oxidizes choline to glycine betaine, with two flavin-mediated reactions to convert the alcohol substrate to the carbon acid product. Proton abstraction from choline or hydrated betaine aldehyde in the wild-type enzyme occurs in the mixing time of the stopped-flow spectrophotometer, thereby precluding a mechanistic investigation. Mutagenesis of S101 rendered the proton transfer reaction amenable to study. Here, we have investigated the aldehyde oxidation reaction catalyzed by the mutant enzymes using steady-state and rapid kinetics with betaine aldehyde. Stopped-flow traces for the reductive half-reaction of the S101T/V/C variants were biphasic, corresponding to the reactions of proton abstraction and hydride transfer. In contrast, the S101A enzyme yielded monophasic traces like wild-type choline oxidase. The rate constants for proton transfer in the S101T/C/V variants decreased logarithmically with increasing hydrophobicity of residue 101, indicating a behavior different from that seen previously with choline for which no correlation was determined. The rate constants for hydride transfer also showed a logarithmic decrease with increasing hydrophobicity at position 101, which was similar to previous results with choline as a substrate for the enzyme. Thus, the hydrophilic character of S101 is necessary not only for efficient hydride transfer but also for the proton abstraction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gadda
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3965, United States; Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3965, United States; Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3965, United States.
| | - Hongling Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3965, United States
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Neuroprotective Actions of Dietary Choline. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080815. [PMID: 28788094 PMCID: PMC5579609 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient for humans. It is a precursor of membrane phospholipids (e.g., phosphatidylcholine (PC)), the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and via betaine, the methyl group donor S-adenosylmethionine. High choline intake during gestation and early postnatal development in rat and mouse models improves cognitive function in adulthood, prevents age-related memory decline, and protects the brain from the neuropathological changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and neurological damage associated with epilepsy, fetal alcohol syndrome, and inherited conditions such as Down and Rett syndromes. These effects of choline are correlated with modifications in histone and DNA methylation in brain, and with alterations in the expression of genes that encode proteins important for learning and memory processing, suggesting a possible epigenomic mechanism of action. Dietary choline intake in the adult may also influence cognitive function via an effect on PC containing eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids; polyunsaturated species of PC whose levels are reduced in brains from AD patients, and is associated with higher memory performance, and resistance to cognitive decline.
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Genetic Variation in Choline-Metabolizing Enzymes Alters Choline Metabolism in Young Women Consuming Choline Intakes Meeting Current Recommendations. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020252. [PMID: 28134761 PMCID: PMC5343788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in choline metabolizing genes are associated with disease risk and greater susceptibility to organ dysfunction under conditions of dietary choline restriction. However, the underlying metabolic signatures of these variants are not well characterized and it is unknown whether genotypic differences persist at recommended choline intakes. Thus, we sought to determine if common genetic risk factors alter choline dynamics in pregnant, lactating, and non-pregnant women consuming choline intakes meeting and exceeding current recommendations. Women (n = 75) consumed 480 or 930 mg choline/day (22% as a metabolic tracer, choline-d9) for 10–12 weeks in a controlled feeding study. Genotyping was performed for eight variant SNPs and genetic differences in metabolic flux and partitioning of plasma choline metabolites were evaluated using stable isotope methodology. CHKA rs10791957, CHDH rs9001, CHDH rs12676, PEMT rs4646343, PEMT rs7946, FMO3 rs2266782, SLC44A1 rs7873937, and SLC44A1 rs3199966 altered the use of choline as a methyl donor; CHDH rs9001 and BHMT rs3733890 altered the partitioning of dietary choline between betaine and phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-choline pathway; and CHKA rs10791957, CHDH rs12676, PEMT rs4646343, PEMT rs7946 and SLC44A1 rs7873937 altered the distribution of dietary choline between the CDP-choline and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) denovo pathway. Such metabolic differences may contribute to disease pathogenesis and prognosis over the long-term.
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Merinas-Amo T, Tasset-Cuevas I, Díaz-Carretero AM, Alonso-Moraga Á, Calahorro F. Role of Choline in the Modulation of Degenerative Processes: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. J Med Food 2017; 20:223-234. [PMID: 28103133 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the nutraceutical potential of choline as an added value to its well-known brain nutrient role. Several toxicity, antitoxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, and longevity endpoints were checked in the somatic mutation and recombination test in in vivo Drosophila animal model. Cytotoxicity in human leukemia-60 cell line (HL-60) promyelocytic and NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, proapoptotic DNA fragmentation, comet assay, methylation status, and macroautophagy (MA) activity were tested in in vitro assays. Choline is not only safe but it is also able to protect against the DNA damage caused by an oxidative genotoxin. Moreover, it improves the life extension in the animal model. The in vitro results show that it is able to exhibit genetic damage against leukemia HL-60 cells. Single-strand breaks in DNA are observed at the molecular level in treatments with choline, although only a significant hypermethylation on the long interspersed elements-1 and a hypomethylation on the satellite-alpha DNA repetitive DNA sequences of HL-60 cells at the lowest concentration (0.447 mM) were observed. Besides, choline decreased MA at the lower assayed concentration and the MA response to topoisomerase inhibitor (etoposide) is maintained in the presence of treatment with 0.22 mM choline. Taking into account the hopeful results obtained in the in vivo and in vitro assays, choline could be proposed as a substance with an important nutraceutical value for different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inmaculada Tasset-Cuevas
- 2 Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College , New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonio M Díaz-Carretero
- 2 Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College , New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Fernando Calahorro
- 3 Faculty of Natural and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton, United Kingdom
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25
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Mellott TJ, Huleatt OM, Shade BN, Pender SM, Liu YB, Slack BE, Blusztajn JK. Perinatal Choline Supplementation Reduces Amyloidosis and Increases Choline Acetyltransferase Expression in the Hippocampus of the APPswePS1dE9 Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170450. [PMID: 28103298 PMCID: PMC5245895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major goal of biomedical sciences. In previous studies we showed that high intake of the essential nutrient, choline, during gestation prevented age-related memory decline in a rat model. In this study we investigated the effects of a similar treatment on AD-related phenotypes in a mouse model of AD. We crossed wild type (WT) female mice with hemizygous APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP.PS1) AD model male mice and maintained the pregnant and lactating dams on a control AIN76A diet containing 1.1 g/kg of choline or a choline-supplemented (5 g/kg) diet. After weaning all offspring consumed the control diet. As compared to APP.PS1 mice reared on the control diet, the hippocampus of the perinatally choline-supplemented APP.PS1 mice exhibited: 1) altered levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolites-specifically elevated amounts of β-C-terminal fragment (β-CTF) and reduced levels of solubilized amyloid Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides; 2) reduced number and total area of amyloid plaques; 3) preserved levels of choline acetyltransferase protein (CHAT) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) and 4) absence of astrogliosis. The data suggest that dietary supplementation of choline during fetal development and early postnatal life may constitute a preventive strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J. Mellott
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Olivia M. Huleatt
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bethany N. Shade
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Pender
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yi B. Liu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara E. Slack
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jan K. Blusztajn
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Cheng M, Bhujwalla ZM, Glunde K. Targeting Phospholipid Metabolism in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:266. [PMID: 28083512 PMCID: PMC5187387 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All cancers tested so far display abnormal choline and ethanolamine phospholipid metabolism, which has been detected with numerous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) approaches in cells, animal models of cancer, as well as the tumors of cancer patients. Since the discovery of this metabolic hallmark of cancer, many studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular origins of deregulated choline metabolism, to identify targets for cancer treatment, and to develop MRS approaches that detect choline and ethanolamine compounds for clinical use in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Several enzymes in choline, and recently also ethanolamine, phospholipid metabolism have been identified, and their evaluation has shown that they are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Several already established enzymes as well as a number of emerging enzymes in phospholipid metabolism can be used as treatment targets for anticancer therapy, either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the current knowledge of established and relatively novel targets in phospholipid metabolism of cancer, covering choline kinase α, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D1, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, sphingomyelinases, choline transporters, glycerophosphodiesterases, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, and ethanolamine kinase. These enzymes are discussed in terms of their roles in oncogenic transformation, tumor progression, and crucial cancer cell properties such as fast proliferation, migration, and invasion. Their potential as treatment targets are evaluated based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Cheng
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Jaiswal SK, Sukla KK, Chauhan A, Lakhotia AR, Kumar A, Rai AK. Choline metabolic pathway gene polymorphisms and risk for Down syndrome: An association study in a population with folate-homocysteine metabolic impairment. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:45-50. [PMID: 27677362 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Choline is an essential nutrient involved in one-carbon metabolism, but its role in mechanisms underlying meiotic non-disjunction is poorly known. The relationship between folate-homocysteine metabolic pathway gene polymorphism and Down syndrome (DS) risk has been widely analyzed, but there are limited reports on its correlation with choline metabolism. In the present case-control association study, we investigated the relationship of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) rs12325817, choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) rs12676 and homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) rs3733890) of choline metabolism with risk for DS. SUBJECT/METHODS Genotyping of 228 mothers of a down syndrome child (DSM) and 200 control mothers (CMs) for all SNPs was performed by PCR coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS A significantly increased risk for BHMT +742AA genotype with an odds ratio of 4.96 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66-14.88, P=0.0036) was observed. For PEMT rs12325817 and CHDH rs12676, no significant difference in allelic and genotypic frequencies was observed. In genotypic combination analysis considering PEMT -744GG/CHDH +432GG/BHMT +742GG as the reference combination, PEMT -744GC/CHDH +432GG/BHMT +742GG genotypic combination was significantly higher in DSM compared with that in CMs with an odds ratio of 2.061 (95% CI: 1.10-3.86, P=0.0342). We also observed an epistatic interaction between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 and choline metabolic pathway gene variants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate impaired choline metabolism showing a greater risk for DS, especially in a population associated with homocysteine-folate impairment. Further studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jaiswal
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K K Sukla
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Chauhan
- Applied Microbiology, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A R Lakhotia
- Department of Gynecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Rai
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang X, Zhu X, Wang C, Zhang H, Cai Z. Non-targeted and targeted metabolomics approaches to diagnosing lung cancer and predicting patient prognosis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:63437-63448. [PMID: 27566571 PMCID: PMC5325375 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in China. We characterized metabolic alterations in lung cancer using two analytical platforms: a non-targeted metabolic profiling strategy based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and a targeted metabolic profiling strategy based on rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC). Changes in serum metabolite levels during oncogenesis were evaluated in 25 stage I lung cancer patients and matched healthy controls. We identified 25 metabolites that were differentially regulated between the lung cancer patients and matched controls. Of those, 16 were detected using the non-targeted approach and 9 were identified using the targeted approach. Both groups of metabolites could differentiate between lung cancer patients and healthy controls with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The principal metabolic alternations in lung cancer included changes in glycolysis, lipid metabolism, choline phospholipid metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. The targeted metabolomics approach was more sensitive, accurate, and specific than the non-targeted metabolomics approach. However, our data suggest that both metabolomics strategies could be used to detect early-stage lung cancer and predict patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Shijiazhuang Huaguang Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
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29
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Li G. Association between MTHFR gene 1298A>C polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 38 case-control studies with 40,985 subjects. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:230. [PMID: 27568010 PMCID: PMC5002180 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies investigating the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene 1298A>C polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer have reported inconsistent results. So, we performed this updated meta-analysis and tried to give a more precise estimation of association between MTHFR gene 1298A>C polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility. Methods Relevant studies published before 1 January 2016 were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE. The strength of relationship between the MTHFR gene 1298A>C polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility was assessed using odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI). The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 11.0 software. Results A total number of 38 case-control studies including 18,686 cases and 22,299 controls were identified. No association was found in five genetic models (dominant model: OR = 0.99, 95 % CI 0.99–1.00, P = 0.218; recessive model: OR = 1.00, 95 % CI 0.97–1.02, P = 0.880; homozygote genetic model: OR = 0.99, 95 % CI 0.98–1.01, P = 0.390; heterozygote genetic model: OR = 0.99, 95 % CI 0.97–1.00, P = 0.138; and allele contrast genetic model: OR = 0.99, 95 % CI 0.98–1.01) for MTHFR gene 1298 A>C polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility. In the subgroup analysis stratified by source of control, decreased risk of breast cancer was found in studies with hospital-based controls in dominant model (OR = 0.98, 95 % CI 0.96–1.00, P = 0.037). Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggested that there is no significant association between MTHFR gene 1298A>C polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility for overall population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, No.1 Jia Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, No.1 Jia Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, No.1 Jia Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Xu Y, Yan C, Hao Z, Zhou J, Fan S, Tai S, Yang C, Zhang L, Liang C. Association between BHMT gene rs3733890 polymorphism and cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5225-33. [PMID: 27578989 PMCID: PMC5001659 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The gene betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) has drawn much attention during the past decades. An increasing number of clinical and genetic investigations have supposed that BHMT rs3733890 polymorphism might be associated with risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. As no consistent conclusion has been achieved, we conducted an up-to-date summary of BHMT rs3733890 polymorphism and cancer risk through a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The articles were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and CNKI (Chinese) databases up to December 2015. Then, the correlations were determined by reading the titles and abstracts and by further reading the full text to filter the unqualified articles. Odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the results. RESULTS Among 187 articles collected in the analysis, seven studies with a total of 2,832 cases and 3,958 controls were included for evaluation of the association between BHMT rs3733890 polymorphism and susceptibility of cancer risk. The heterogeneity test showed no significant differences. Furthermore, we found that BHMT -742G>A polymorphism in case and control groups showed no statistically significant association with susceptibility in various cancer types except for uterine cervical cancer (A vs G: OR =0.641, 95% CI =0.445-0.923, P=0.017; AA+AG vs GG: OR =0.579, 95% CI =0.362-0.924, P=0.022). In addition, no statistically significant association was uncovered when stratification analyses were conducted by ethnicity and genotyping methods. CONCLUSION Our results have shown no obvious evidence that rs3733890 polymorphism in BHMT gene affected the susceptibility of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal adenoma, and liver cancer. In contrast, we found the protective role of BHMT -742G>A polymorphism in uterine cervical cancer incidence. Future well-designed studies comprising larger sample size are warranted to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology
| | - Cunye Yan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology
| | - Song Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology
| | - Sheng Tai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology
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Dietary choline and betaine intake, choline-metabolising genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk: a case-control study in China. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:961-8. [PMID: 27488260 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516002956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Choline and betaine are essential nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and have been hypothesised to affect breast cancer risk. Functional polymorphisms in genes encoding choline-related one-carbon metabolism enzymes, including phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT), choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), have important roles in choline metabolism and may thus interact with dietary choline and betaine intake to modify breast cancer risk. This study aimed to investigate the interactive effect of polymorphisms in PEMT, BHMT and CHDH genes with choline/betaine intake on breast cancer risk among Chinese women. This hospital-based case-control study consecutively recruited 570 cases with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 576 age-matched (5-year interval) controls. Choline and betaine intakes were assessed by a validated FFQ, and genotyping was conducted for PEMT rs7946, CHDH rs9001 and BHMT rs3733890. OR and 95 % CI were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Compared with the highest quartile of choline intake, the lowest intake quartile showed a significant increased risk of breast cancer. The SNP PEMT rs7946, CHDH rs9001 and BHMT rs3733890 had no overall association with breast cancer, but a significant risk reduction was observed among postmenopausal women with AA genotype of BHMT rs3733890 (OR 0·49; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·98). Significant interactions were observed between choline intake and SNP PEMT rs7946 (P interaction=0·029) and BHMT rs3733890 (P interaction=0·006) in relation to breast cancer risk. Our results suggest that SNP PEMT rs7946 and BHMT rs3733890 may interact with choline intake on breast cancer risk.
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Jia M, Andreassen T, Jensen L, Bathen TF, Sinha I, Gao H, Zhao C, Haldosen LA, Cao Y, Girnita L, Moestue SA, Dahlman-Wright K. Estrogen Receptor α Promotes Breast Cancer by Reprogramming Choline Metabolism. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5634-5646. [PMID: 27457520 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a key regulator of breast growth and breast cancer development. Here, we report how ERα impacts these processes by reprogramming metabolism in malignant breast cells. We employed an integrated approach, combining genome-wide mapping of chromatin-bound ERα with estrogen-induced transcript and metabolic profiling, to demonstrate that ERα reprograms metabolism upon estrogen stimulation, including changes in aerobic glycolysis, nucleotide and amino acid synthesis, and choline (Cho) metabolism. Cho phosphotransferase CHPT1, identified as a direct ERα-regulated gene, was required for estrogen-induced effects on Cho metabolism, including increased phosphatidylcholine synthesis. CHPT1 silencing inhibited anchorage-independent growth and cell proliferation, also suppressing early-stage metastasis of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells in a zebrafish xenograft model. Our results showed that ERα promotes metabolic alterations in breast cancer cells mediated by its target CHPT1, which this study implicates as a candidate therapeutic target. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5634-46. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, MR Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars-Arne Haldosen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siver Andreas Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karin Dahlman-Wright
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Awwad N, Yousef AM, Abuhaliema A, Abdalla I, Yousef M. Relationship between Genetic Polymorphisms in MTHFR (C677T, A1298C and their Haplotypes) and the Incidence Of Breast Cancer among Jordanian Females--Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:5007-11. [PMID: 26163632 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Jordan and worldwide. Abnormality of DNA methylation is a possible mechanism for the development of cancer. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is involved in DNA methylation. Our aim was to study the association between genetic polymorphisms of MTHFR at two sites (C677T and A1298C) and their haplotypes and the risk of breast cancer among Jordanian females. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study involving 150 breast cancer cases and 150 controls was conducted. Controls were age-matched to cases. Polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique and sequencing were conducted to determine the genotypes. RESULTS There was a significant difference in genotype frequency of C677T in the 41-60 year age category [cases: CC (37.4%), CT (49.5%) and TT (13.2%); controls: CC (56.3%), CT (35.6%) and TT (8%), p=0.04; ORTT vs. CC: 2.5, 95% CI: (0.9-6.9); ORat least on T: 2.1, 95%CI: (1.2-3.9)]. There was no significant difference in genotype frequency of A1298C between cases and controls [cases: AA (46.6%), AC (41.8%) and CC (11.6%); controls: AA (43%), AC (47.4%) and CC (9.6%); p=0.6]. There was a significant difference of MTHFR genetic polymorphism haplotypes among breast cancer cases and controls [cases/control: CA: 38.3/45.4%; CC: 28.9/25.2%; TA: 29.2/21; TC: 3.6/8.3; p value=0.01; ORTA vs. CA=1.6; 95% CI (1.1-2.5); p=0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphism of MTHFR C677T may modulate the risk of breast cancer especially in the 41-60 year age group. Additionally, TA haplotype amends the risk of breast cancer. Future studies with a larger sample size are needed to validate the role of MTHFR genetic polymorphisms in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemah Awwad
- Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan E-mail :
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Du YF, Lin FY, Long WQ, Luo WP, Yan B, Xu M, Mo XF, Zhang CX. Serum betaine but not choline is inversely associated with breast cancer risk: a case-control study in China. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1329-1337. [PMID: 26897124 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Choline and betaine are important for DNA methylation and synthesis, and may affect tumor carcinogenesis. To our knowledge, no previous study has examined the association between serum choline and betaine and breast cancer risk. This study aimed to examine whether serum choline and betaine were inversely associated with breast cancer risk among Chinese women. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study consecutively recruited 510 breast cancer cases and 518 frequency-matched (age and residence) controls, and blood samples were available for 500 cases and 500 controls. Serum choline and betaine were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS An inverse association with breast cancer risk was observed for serum betaine (fourth vs first quartile adjusted OR 0.68, 95 % CI 0.47-0.97) and for the ratio of serum betaine to choline (fourth vs first quartile adjusted OR 0.70, 95 % CI 0.48-1.00), but not for serum choline (fourth vs first quartile adjusted OR 0.80, 95 % CI 0.56-1.15). Serum betaine was inversely associated with breast cancer risk in subjects with below-median dietary folate intake (fourth vs first quartile adjusted OR 0.48, 95 % CI 0.30-0.77). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that serum betaine but not choline was inversely associated with breast cancer risk. This result needed to be further confirmed by the prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fang-Yu Lin
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei-Qing Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei-Ping Luo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Mo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Thiagarajan V, Madhurantakam S, Sethuraman S, Balaguru Rayappan JB, Maheswari Krishnan U. Nano interfaced biosensor for detection of choline in triple negative breast cancer cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 462:334-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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McNamara DJ. The Fifty Year Rehabilitation of the Egg. Nutrients 2015; 7:8716-22. [PMID: 26506379 PMCID: PMC4632449 DOI: 10.3390/nu7105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1968 American Heart Association announced a dietary recommendation that all individuals consume less than 300 mg of dietary cholesterol per day and no more than three whole eggs per week. This recommendation has not only significantly impacted the dietary patterns of the population, but also resulted in the public limiting a highly nutritious and affordable source of high quality nutrients, including choline which was limited in the diets of most individuals. The egg industry addressed the egg issue with research documenting the minimal effect of egg intake on plasma lipoprotein levels, as well as research verifying the importance of egg nutrients in a variety of issues related to health promotion. In 2015 dietary cholesterol and egg restrictions have been dropped by most health promotion agencies worldwide and recommended to be dropped from the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J McNamara
- Eggs for Health Consulting, 5905 Cozumel Pl., Las Vegas, NV 89131, USA.
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Katz TA, Liao SG, Palmieri VJ, Dearth RK, Pathiraja TN, Huo Z, Shaw P, Small S, Davidson NE, Peters DG, Tseng GC, Oesterreich S, Lee AV. Targeted DNA Methylation Screen in the Mouse Mammary Genome Reveals a Parity-Induced Hypermethylation of Igf1r That Persists Long after Parturition. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1000-9. [PMID: 26290394 PMCID: PMC4677681 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The most effective natural prevention against breast cancer is an early first full-term pregnancy. Understanding how the protective effect is elicited will inform the development of new prevention strategies. To better understand the role of epigenetics in long-term protection, we investigated parity-induced DNA methylation in the mammary gland. FVB mice were bred or remained nulliparous and mammary glands harvested immediately after involution (early) or 6.5 months following involution (late), allowing identification of both transient and persistent changes. Targeted DNA methylation (109 Mb of Ensemble regulatory features) analysis was performed using the SureSelectXT Mouse Methyl-seq assay and massively parallel sequencing. Two hundred sixty-nine genes were hypermethylated and 128 hypomethylated persistently at both the early and late time points. Pathway analysis of the persistently differentially methylated genes revealed Igf1r to be central to one of the top identified signaling networks, and Igf1r itself was one of the most significantly hypermethylated genes. Hypermethylation of Igf1r in the parous mammary gland was associated with a reduction of Igf1r mRNA expression. These data suggest that the IGF pathway is regulated at multiple levels during pregnancy and that its modification might be critical in the protective role of pregnancy. This supports the approach of lowering IGF action for prevention of breast cancer, a concept that is currently being tested clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Katz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Serena G Liao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vincent J Palmieri
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert K Dearth
- Department of Biology, University of Texas-Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Thushangi N Pathiraja
- Cancer Therapeutics and Stratified Oncology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia Shaw
- Department of Obstetrics. Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Small
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David G Peters
- Department of Obstetrics. Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Lu MS, Fang YJ, Pan ZZ, Zhong X, Zheng MC, Chen YM, Zhang CX. Choline and betaine intake and colorectal cancer risk in Chinese population: a case-control study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118661. [PMID: 25785727 PMCID: PMC4364675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have examined the association of choline and betaine intake with colorectal cancer risk, although they might play an important role in colorectal cancer development because of their role as methyl donors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between consumption of choline and betaine and colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. Methodology/Principal Findings A case-control study was conducted between July 2010 and December 2013 in Guangzhou, China. Eight hundred and ninety consecutively recruited colorectal cancer cases were frequency matched to 890 controls by age (5-year interval) and sex. Dietary information was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire by face-to-face interviews. The logistic regression model was used to estimate multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Total choline intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk after adjustment for various lifestyle and dietary factors. The multivariate-adjusted OR was 0.54 (95%CI = 0.37-0.80, Ptrend <0.01) comparing the highest with the lowest quartile. No significant associations were observed for betaine or total choline+betaine intakes. For choline-containing compounds, lower colorectal cancer risk was associated with higher intakes of choline from phosphatidylcholine, glycerophosphocholine and sphingomyelin but not for free choline and phosphocholine. The inverse association of total choline intake with colorectal cancer risk was observed in both men and women, colon and rectal cancer. These inverse associations were not modified by folate intake. Conclusions These results indicate that high intake of total choline is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Shan Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jing Fang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Chun Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CXZ); (YMC)
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CXZ); (YMC)
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High maternal choline consumption during pregnancy and nursing alleviates deficits in social interaction and improves anxiety-like behaviors in the BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J mouse model of autism. Behav Brain Res 2015; 278:210-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Li D, Bi FF, Chen NN, Cao JM, Sun WP, Zhou YM, Cao C, Li CY, Yang Q. Epigenetic repression of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1315-25. [PMID: 24675476 PMCID: PMC4012741 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) plays a critical role in breast cancer progression. However, the epigenetic mechanism regulating PEMT transcription remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the first promoter-specific transcript 1 is the major PEMT mRNA species, and methylation of the -132 site is a key regulatory element for the PEMT gene in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Mechanistically, hypermethylated -132 site-mediated loss of active histone marks H3K9ac and increase of repressive histone marks H3K9me enrichment synergistically inhibited PEMT transcription. Clinicopathological data indicated that a hypermethylated -132 site was associated with histological grade (P = 0.031) and estrogen receptor status (P = 0.004); univariate survival and multivariate analyses demonstrated that lymph node metastasis was an independent and reliable prognostic factor for BRCA1-mutated breast cancer patients. Our findings imply that genetic (e.g., BRCA1 mutation) and epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation and histone modifications) are jointly involved in the malignant progression of PEMT-related breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Margolis M, Perez O, Martinez M, Santander AM, Mendez AJ, Nadji M, Nayer A, Bhattacharya S, Torroella-Kouri M. Phospholipid makeup of the breast adipose tissue is impacted by obesity and mammary cancer in the mouse: Results of a pilot study. Biochimie 2014; 108:133-9. [PMID: 25450252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, an established risk factor for breast cancer (BC), is associated with systemic inflammation. The breast contains adipose tissue (bAT), yet whether it plays a role in BC progression in obese females is being intensively studied. There is scarce knowledge on the lipid composition of bAT in health and disease. The purpose of this pilot study was: 1) to determine whether obesity and BC are associated with inflammatory changes in bAT 2) to analyze for the first time the lipid profile of bAT in obese and lean mammary tumor-bearing and normal mice. Syngeneic E0771 mammary tumor cells were implanted into the mammary fat pad of lean and diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. BATs were analyzed four weeks after tumor cell inoculation by immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry. Phospholipids were identified and subjected to ratiometric quantification using a TSQ Quantum Access Max triple quadrupole mass spectrometer utilizing precursor ion scan or neutral ion loss scan employing appropriate class specific lipid standards in a two step quantification process. Four main classes of phospholipids were analyzed: phosphatidylcholines phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylinositols. Our results showed that bAT in obese (normal and tumor-bearing) mice contained hypertrophic adipocytes compared with their corresponding samples in lean mice; higher numbers of macrophages and crown-like structures were observed in obese tumor bearers compared to obese normal mice. BAT from normal obese mice revealed higher concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamines. Furthermore, bAT from tumor-bearing mice expressed higher phosphatidylcholines than that from non-tumor bearing mice, suggesting the presence of the tumor is associated with phosphatidylcholines. Conversion of phosphatidylethanolamines to phosphatidylcholines will be investigated in E0771 cells. Additional studies are projected to investigate macrophage activation by these specific classes of phospholipids. Occurrence of triglycerides and free fatty acids will be examined in bAT and similar lipidomic analyses will be carried out visceral adipose tissue, highly inflamed in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Margolis
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Osvaldo Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Mitchell Martinez
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Ana M Santander
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Armando J Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Mehrdad Nadji
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Holtz-2147, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Ali Nayer
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Sanjoy Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th St, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Marta Torroella-Kouri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Park S, Choi SG, Yoo SM, Son JH, Jung YK. Choline dehydrogenase interacts with SQSTM1/p62 to recruit LC3 and stimulate mitophagy. Autophagy 2014; 10:1906-20. [PMID: 25483962 DOI: 10.4161/auto.32177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CHDH (choline dehydrogenase) is an enzyme catalyzing the dehydrogenation of choline to betaine aldehyde in mitochondria. Apart from this well-known activity, we report here a pivotal role of CHDH in mitophagy. Knockdown of CHDH expression impairs CCCP-induced mitophagy and PARK2/parkin-mediated clearance of mitochondria in mammalian cells, including HeLa cells and SN4741 dopaminergic neuronal cells. Conversely, overexpression of CHDH accelerates PARK2-mediated mitophagy. CHDH is found on both the outer and inner membranes of mitochondria in resting cells. Interestingly, upon induction of mitophagy, CHDH accumulates on the outer membrane in a mitochondrial potential-dependent manner. We found that CHDH is not a substrate of PARK2 but interacts with SQSTM1 independently of PARK2 to recruit SQSTM1 into depolarized mitochondria. The FB1 domain of CHDH is exposed to the cytosol and is required for the interaction with SQSTM1, and overexpression of the FB1 domain only in cytosol reduces CCCP-induced mitochondrial degradation via competitive interaction with SQSTM1. In addition, CHDH, but not the CHDH FB1 deletion mutant, forms a ternary protein complex with SQSTM1 and MAP1LC3 (LC3), leading to loading of LC3 onto the damaged mitochondria via SQSTM1. Further, CHDH is crucial to the mitophagy induced by MPP+ in SN4741 cells. Overall, our results suggest that CHDH is required for PARK2-mediated mitophagy for the recruitment of SQSTM1 and LC3 onto the mitochondria for cargo recognition.
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Key Words
- ANT, adenine nucleotide translocator
- Baf, bafilomycin A1
- CCCP, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone
- CHX, cycloheximide
- FB1, FAD/NAD (P)-binding domain 1
- FB2, FAD/NAD (P)-binding domain 2
- IM, inner membrane
- IMS, inter-membrane space
- LC3
- MPP+, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
- MTS, mitochondrial targeting sequence
- Mat, matrix
- OM, outer membrane
- PARK2/parkin
- PB1, Phox and Bem 1 domain
- PD, Parkinson disease
- PK, proteinase K
- RD, FAD-linked reductase domain
- SQSTM1/p62
- choline dehydrogenase
- mitophagy
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Park
- a Global Research Laboratory; School of Biological Science/Bio-MAX Institute ; Seoul National University ; Seoul , Korea
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Katz TA, Huang Y, Davidson NE, Jankowitz RC. Epigenetic reprogramming in breast cancer: from new targets to new therapies. Ann Med 2014; 46:397-408. [PMID: 25058177 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.923740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Recently, interest has grown in the role of epigenetics in breast cancer development and progression. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs emerged as novel biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. This review focuses on the most recent mechanistic findings underlying epigenetic changes in breast cancer development and their role as predictors of breast cancer risk. The rapid progress in our understanding of epigenetic findings in breast cancer has opened new avenues for potential therapeutic approaches via identification of epigenetic targets. We highlight the development of novel epigenetically targeted drugs, relevant clinical trials in breast cancer patients, and recent approaches combining epigenetic agents with chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy that may incrementally improve long-term outcomes in appropriately selected breast cancer patients. Biomarkers of response are needed, however, to identify patient subsets that are most likely to benefit from epigenetic treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Katz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, The Women's Cancer Research Center , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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Goon S, Dey SR. A 24-hour dietary recall for assessing the intake pattern of choline among Bangladeshi pregnant women at their third trimester of pregnancy. Cent Asian J Glob Health 2014; 3:72. [PMID: 29755886 PMCID: PMC5927736 DOI: 10.5195/cajgh.2014.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal choline intake during the third trimester of human pregnancy can modify systemic and local epigenetic marks in fetal-derived tissues, promoting better pregnancy outcomes, increased immunity, as well as improved mental and physical work capacity with proper memory and cognitive development. 103 pregnant women presenting to the antenatal care of Azimpur Maternity Hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh in their third trimester of pregnancy were randomly selected for this cross sectional study exploring dietary intake patterns of choline. A dietary recall form was administered to estimate frequency and amount of food consumption of foods for the previous 24 hours. Most women reported diets that delivered less than the recommended choline intake (mean ± SD; 189.5 ± 98.2) providing only 42.72% of total RDA value. The results of this study may indicate that dietary choline among pregnant, Bangladeshi women may not be adequate to meet the needs of both, the mother and fetus. Further studies are warranted to determine clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatabdi Goon
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sima Rani Dey
- Dept. of Applied Statistics, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Zinrajh D, Hörl G, Jürgens G, Marc J, Sok M, Cerne D. Increased phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene expression in non-small-cell lung cancer tissue predicts shorter patient survival. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:2175-2179. [PMID: 24932311 PMCID: PMC4049682 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid mobilization is of great importance for tumor growth and studies have suggested that cancer cells exhibit abnormal choline phospholipid metabolism. In the present study, we hypothesized that phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) gene expression is increased in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and that increased gene expression acts as a predictor of shorter patient survival. Forty-two consecutive patients with resected NSCLC were enrolled in this study. Paired samples of lung cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancer lung tissues were collected from resected specimens for the estimation of PEMT expression. SYBR Green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for quantification of PEMT mRNA in lung cancer tissues. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) activities had already been measured in the same tissues. During a four-year follow-up, 21 patients succumbed to tumor progression. One patient did not survive due to non-cancer reasons and was not included in the analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the prognostic value of PEMT expression. Our findings show that elevated PEMT expression in the cancer tissue, relative to that in the adjacent non-cancer lung tissue, predicts shorter patient survival independently of standard prognostic factors and also independently of increased LPL or FASN activity, the two other lipid-related predictors of shorter patient survival. These findings suggest that active phosphatidylcholine and/or choline metabolism are essential for tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zinrajh
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Günther Jürgens
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Janja Marc
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Sok
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Cerne
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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LINE-1 methylation in leukocyte DNA, interaction with phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase variants and bladder cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2123-30. [PMID: 24595004 PMCID: PMC3992509 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant global DNA methylation is shown to increase cancer risk. LINE-1 has been proven a measure of global DNA methylation. The objectives of this study were to assess the association between LINE-1 methylation level and bladder cancer risk and to evaluate effect modification by environmental and genetic factors. Methods: Bisulphite-treated leukocyte DNA from 952 cases and 892 hospital controls was used to measure LINE-1 methylation level at four CpG sites by pyrosequencing. Logistic regression model was fitted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Interactions between LINE-1 methylation levels and environmental and genetic factors were assessed. Results: The risk of bladder cancer followed a nonlinear association with LINE-1 methylation. Compared with subjects in the middle tertile, the adjusted OR for subjects in the lower and the higher tertiles were 1.26 (95% CI 0.99–1.60, P=0.06) and 1.33 (95% CI 1.05–1.69, P=0.02), respectively. This association significantly increased among individuals homozygous for the major allele of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene (corrected P-interaction<0.05). Conclusions: The findings from this large-scale study suggest that both low and high levels of global DNA methylation are associated with the risk of bladder cancer.
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Abstract
In the 1960s, the thesis that dietary cholesterol contributes to blood cholesterol and heart disease risk was a rational conclusion based on the available science at that time. Fifty years later the research evidence no longer supports this hypothesis yet changing the dietary recommendation to limit dietary cholesterol has been a slow and at times contentious process. The preponderance of the clinical and epidemiological data accumulated since the original dietary cholesterol restrictions were formulated indicate that: (1) dietary cholesterol has a small effect on the plasma cholesterol levels with an increase in the cholesterol content of the LDL particle and an increase in HDL cholesterol, with little effect on the LDL:HDL ratio, a significant indicator of heart disease risk, and (2) the lack of a significant relationship between cholesterol intake and heart disease incidence reported from numerous epidemiological surveys. Over the last decade, many countries and health promotion groups have modified their dietary recommendations to reflect the current evidence and to address a now recognised negative consequence of ineffective dietary cholesterol restrictions (such as inadequate choline intake). In contrast, health promotion groups in some countries appear to suffer from cognitive dissonance and continue to promote an outdated and potentially hazardous dietary recommendation based on an invalidated hypothesis. This review evaluates the evidence for and against dietary cholesterol restrictions and the potential consequences of such restrictions.
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Abstract
Citicoline is the generic name of the pharmaceutical substance that chemically is cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), which is identical to the natural intracellular precursor of phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. Following injection or ingestion, citicoline is believed to undergo quick hydrolysis and dephosphorylation to yield cytidine and choline, which then enter the brain separately and are used to resynthesize CDP-choline inside brain cells. Neuroprotective activity of citicoline has been repeatedly shown in preclinical models of brain ischaemia and trauma, but two recent, large, pivotal clinical trials have revealed no benefits in ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. However, the substance seems to be beneficial in some slowly advancing neurodegenerative disorders such as glaucoma and mild vascular cognitive impairment. This paper critically discusses issues related to the clinical pharmacology of citicoline, including its pharmacokinetics/biotransformation and pharmacodynamics/mode of action. It is concluded that at present, there is no adequate description of the mechanism(s) of the pharmacological actions of this substance. The possibility should be considered and tested that, in spite of apparently fast catabolism, the intact citicoline molecule or the phosphorylated intermediate products of its hydrolysis, cytidine monophosphate and phosphocholine, are pharmacologically active.
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