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Delhaye L, Moschonas GD, Fijalkowska D, Verhee A, De Sutter D, Van de Steene T, De Meyer M, Grzesik H, Van Moortel L, De Bosscher K, Jacobs T, Eyckerman S. Leveraging a self-cleaving peptide for tailored control in proximity labeling proteomics. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100818. [PMID: 38986614 PMCID: PMC11294833 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions play an important biological role in every aspect of cellular homeostasis and functioning. Proximity labeling mass spectrometry-based proteomics overcomes challenges typically associated with other methods and has quickly become the current state of the art in the field. Nevertheless, tight control of proximity-labeling enzymatic activity and expression levels is crucial to accurately identify protein interactors. Here, we leverage a T2A self-cleaving peptide and a non-cleaving mutant to accommodate the protein of interest in the experimental and control TurboID setup. To allow easy and streamlined plasmid assembly, we built a Golden Gate modular cloning system to generate plasmids for transient expression and stable integration. To highlight our T2A Split/link design, we applied it to identify protein interactions of the glucocorticoid receptor and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid and non-structural protein 7 (NSP7) proteins by TurboID proximity labeling. Our results demonstrate that our T2A split/link provides an opportune control that builds upon previously established control requirements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Delhaye
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; OncoRNALab, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - George D Moschonas
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daria Fijalkowska
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annick Verhee
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Sutter
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Van de Steene
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margaux De Meyer
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna Grzesik
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Van Moortel
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Eyckerman
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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2
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Harvey-Carroll J, Stevenson TJ, Bussière LF, Spencer KA. Pre-natal exposure to glucocorticoids causes changes in developmental circadian clock gene expression and post-natal behaviour in the Japanese quail. Horm Behav 2024; 163:105562. [PMID: 38810363 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The embryonic environment is critical in shaping developmental trajectories and consequently post-natal phenotypes. Exposure to elevated stress hormones during this developmental stage is known to alter a variety of post-natal phenotypic traits, and it has been suggested that pre-natal stress can have long term effects on the circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid hormone production. Despite the importance of the circadian system, the potential impact of developmental glucocorticoid exposure on circadian clock genes, has not yet been fully explored. Here, we showed that pre-natal exposure to corticosterone (CORT, a key glucocorticoid) resulted in a significant upregulation of two key hypothalamic circadian clock genes during the embryonic period in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Altered expression was still present 10 days into post-natal life for both genes, but then disappeared by post-natal day 28. At post-natal day 28, however, diel rhythms of eating and resting were influenced by exposure to pre-natal CORT. Males exposed to pre-natal CORT featured an earlier acrophase, alongside spending a higher proportion of time feeding. Females exposed to pre-natal CORT featured a less pronounced shift in acrophase and spent less time eating. Both males and females exposed to pre-natal CORT spent less time inactive during the day. Pre-natal CORT males appeared to feature a delay in peak activity levels. Our novel data suggest that these circadian clock genes and aspects of diurnal behaviours are highly susceptible to glucocorticoid disruption during embryonic development, and these effects are persistent across developmental stages, at least into early post-natal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Harvey-Carroll
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, Scotland; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tyler J Stevenson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Luc F Bussière
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karen A Spencer
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, Scotland
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Tikhomirov R, Oakley RH, Anderson C, Xiang Y, Al-Othman S, Smith M, Yaar S, Torre E, Li J, Wilson LR, Goulding DR, Donaldson I, Harno E, Soattin L, Shiels HA, Morris GM, Zhang H, Boyett MR, Cidlowski JA, Mesirca P, Mangoni ME, D'Souza A. Cardiac GR Mediates the Diurnal Rhythm in Ventricular Arrhythmia Susceptibility. Circ Res 2024; 134:1306-1326. [PMID: 38533639 PMCID: PMC11081863 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) demonstrate a prominent day-night rhythm, commonly presenting in the morning. Transcriptional rhythms in cardiac ion channels accompany this phenomenon, but their role in the morning vulnerability to VAs and the underlying mechanisms are not understood. We investigated the recruitment of transcription factors that underpins transcriptional rhythms in ion channels and assessed whether this mechanism was pertinent to the heart's intrinsic diurnal susceptibility to VA. METHODS AND RESULTS Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing performed in mouse ventricular myocyte nuclei at the beginning of the animals' inactive (ZT0) and active (ZT12) periods revealed differentially accessible chromatin sites annotating to rhythmically transcribed ion channels and distinct transcription factor binding motifs in these regions. Notably, motif enrichment for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR; transcriptional effector of corticosteroid signaling) in open chromatin profiles at ZT12 was observed, in line with the well-recognized ZT12 peak in circulating corticosteroids. Molecular, electrophysiological, and in silico biophysically-detailed modeling approaches demonstrated GR-mediated transcriptional control of ion channels (including Scn5a underlying the cardiac Na+ current, Kcnh2 underlying the rapid delayed rectifier K+ current, and Gja1 responsible for electrical coupling) and their contribution to the day-night rhythm in the vulnerability to VA. Strikingly, both pharmacological block of GR and cardiomyocyte-specific genetic knockout of GR blunted or abolished ion channel expression rhythms and abolished the ZT12 susceptibility to pacing-induced VA in isolated hearts. CONCLUSIONS Our study registers a day-night rhythm in chromatin accessibility that accompanies diurnal cycles in ventricular myocytes. Our approaches directly implicate the cardiac GR in the myocyte excitability rhythm and mechanistically link the ZT12 surge in glucocorticoids to intrinsic VA propensity at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Tikhomirov
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.T., M.S., A.D.)
| | - Robert H Oakley
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Cali Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yirong Xiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (Y.X., H.Z.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Al-Othman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.T., M.S., A.D.)
| | - Sana Yaar
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Torre
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-34094 Montpellier France (E.T., P.M., M.E.M.)
| | - Jianying Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Leslie R Wilson
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - David R Goulding
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Ian Donaldson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility (I.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Harno
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology (E.H.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Soattin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gwilym M Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia (G.M.M.)
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (Y.X., H.Z.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Boyett
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom (M.R.B.)
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (R.H.O., J.L., L.R.W., D.R.G., J.A.C.)
| | - Pietro Mesirca
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-34094 Montpellier France (E.T., P.M., M.E.M.)
| | - Matteo E Mangoni
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-34094 Montpellier France (E.T., P.M., M.E.M.)
| | - Alicia D'Souza
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences (R.T., C.A., S.A.O., M.S., S.Y., L.S., H.A.S., G.M.M., A.D.), The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.T., M.S., A.D.)
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Iyer-Bierhoff A, Wieczorek M, Peter SM, Ward D, Bens M, Vettorazzi S, Guehrs KH, Tuckermann JP, Heinzel T. Acetylation-induced proteasomal degradation of the activated glucocorticoid receptor limits hormonal signaling. iScience 2024; 27:108943. [PMID: 38333702 PMCID: PMC10850750 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) signaling is essential for mounting a stress response, however, chronic stress or prolonged GC therapy downregulates the GC receptor (GR), leading to GC resistance. Regulatory mechanisms that refine this equilibrium are not well understood. Here, we identify seven lysine acetylation sites in the amino terminal domain of GR, with lysine 154 (Lys154) in the AF-1 region being the dominant acetyl-acceptor. GR-Lys154 acetylation is mediated by p300/CBP in the nucleus in an agonist-dependent manner and correlates with transcriptional activity. Deacetylation by NAD+-dependent SIRT1 facilitates dynamic regulation of this mark. Notably, agonist-binding to both wild-type GR and an acetylation-deficient mutant elicits similar short-term target gene expression. In contrast, upon extended treatment, the polyubiquitination of the acetylation-deficient GR mutant is impaired resulting in higher protein stability, increased chromatin association and prolonged transactivation. Taken together, reversible acetylation fine-tunes duration of the GC response by regulating proteasomal degradation of activated GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Iyer-Bierhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Centre for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Wieczorek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Centre for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sina Marielle Peter
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Centre for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dima Ward
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Centre for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Bens
- Core Facility Next Generation Sequencing, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Guehrs
- Core Facility Proteomics, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan P. Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinzel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Centre for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
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5
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Huang J, Li W. Molecular crosstalk between circadian clock and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in Parkinson's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24752. [PMID: 38268831 PMCID: PMC10803942 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Research has recently found that both animal models and patients with PD have circadian dysfunction, accompanied by abnormal expression of circadian genes and proteins, which implies that the circadian clock plays a crucial role in PD etiopathogenesis. In addition, a strong relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and PD has been observed. Meanwhile, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is highly relevant to dysfunctions of the molecular clock. Therefore, alleviating the neuroinflammation caused by NLRP3 inflammasome signaling by adjusting the abnormal molecular clock may be a potential strategy for preventing and treating PD. In this article, we have reviewed the potential or direct relationship between abnormalities of the circadian clock and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Huang
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Li
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 201500, Shanghai, China
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6
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Cincotta SA, Richardson N, Foecke MH, Laird DJ. Differential susceptibility of male and female germ cells to glucocorticoid-mediated signaling. eLife 2024; 12:RP90164. [PMID: 38226689 PMCID: PMC10945581 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
While physiologic stress has long been known to impair mammalian reproductive capacity through hormonal dysregulation, mounting evidence now suggests that stress experienced prior to or during gestation may also negatively impact the health of future offspring. Rodent models of gestational physiologic stress can induce neurologic and behavioral changes that persist for up to three generations, suggesting that stress signals can induce lasting epigenetic changes in the germline. Treatment with glucocorticoid stress hormones is sufficient to recapitulate the transgenerational changes seen in physiologic stress models. These hormones are known to bind and activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ligand-inducible transcription factor, thus implicating GR-mediated signaling as a potential contributor to the transgenerational inheritance of stress-induced phenotypes. Here, we demonstrate dynamic spatiotemporal regulation of GR expression in the mouse germline, showing expression in the fetal oocyte as well as the perinatal and adult spermatogonia. Functionally, we find that fetal oocytes are intrinsically buffered against changes in GR signaling, as neither genetic deletion of GR nor GR agonism with dexamethasone altered the transcriptional landscape or the progression of fetal oocytes through meiosis. In contrast, our studies revealed that the male germline is susceptible to glucocorticoid-mediated signaling, specifically by regulating RNA splicing within the spermatogonia, although this does not abrogate fertility. Together, our work suggests a sexually dimorphic function for GR in the germline, and represents an important step towards understanding the mechanisms by which stress can modulate the transmission of genetic information through the germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Cincotta
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Nainoa Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mariko H Foecke
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Diana J Laird
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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7
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Nicolaides NC, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Pervanidou P. Developmental Neuroendocrinology of Early-Life Stress: Impact on Child Development and Behavior. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:461-474. [PMID: 37563814 PMCID: PMC10845081 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230810162344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our internal balance, or homeostasis, is threatened or perceived as threatened by stressful stimuli, the stressors. The stress system is a highly conserved system that adjusts homeostasis to the resting state. Through the concurrent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the locus coeruleus/norepinephrine-autonomic nervous systems, the stress system provides the appropriate physical and behavioral responses, collectively termed as "stress response", to restore homeostasis. If the stress response is prolonged, excessive or even inadequate, several acute or chronic stress-related pathologic conditions may develop in childhood, adolescence and adult life. On the other hand, earlylife exposure to stressors has been recognized as a major contributing factor underlying the pathogenesis of non-communicable disorders, including neurodevelopmental disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that early-life stress has been associated with an increased risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in the offspring, although findings are still controversial. Nevertheless, at the molecular level, early-life stressors alter the chemical structure of cytosines located in the regulatory regions of genes, mostly through the addition of methyl groups. These epigenetic modifications result in the suppression of gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. In addition to DNA methylation, several lines of evidence support the role of non-coding RNAs in the evolving field of epigenetics. In this review article, we present the anatomical and functional components of the stress system, discuss the proper, in terms of quality and quantity, stress response, and provide an update on the impact of early-life stress on child development and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C. Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
- School of Medicine, University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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8
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Ashton AW, Dhanjal HK, Rossner B, Mahmood H, Patel VI, Nadim M, Lota M, Shahid F, Li Z, Joyce D, Pajkos M, Dosztányi Z, Jiao X, Pestell RG. Acetylation of nuclear receptors in health and disease: an update. FEBS J 2024; 291:217-236. [PMID: 36471658 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a common reversible post-translational modification of proteins that plays a key role in regulating gene expression. Nuclear receptors (NRs) include ligand-inducible transcription factors and orphan receptors for which the ligand is undetermined, which together regulate the expression of genes involved in development, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction and human diseases including cancer. Since the original finding that the ERα, AR and HNF4 are acetylated, we now understand that the vast majority of NRs are acetylated and that this modification has profound effects on NR function. Acetylation sites are often conserved and involve both ordered and disordered regions of NRs. The acetylated residues function as part of an intramolecular signalling platform intersecting phosphorylation, methylation and other modifications. Acetylation of NR has been shown to impact recruitment into chromatin, co-repressor and coactivator complex formation, sensitivity and specificity of regulation by ligand and ligand antagonists, DNA binding, subcellular distribution and transcriptional activity. A growing body of evidence in mice indicates a vital role for NR acetylation in metabolism. Additionally, mutations of the NR acetylation site occur in human disease. This review focuses on the role of NR acetylation in coordinating signalling in normal physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Ashton
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Rossner
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Huma Mahmood
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Vivek I Patel
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Mohammad Nadim
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Manpreet Lota
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Farhan Shahid
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Zhiping Li
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - David Joyce
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Matyas Pajkos
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Dosztányi
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, USA
- The Wistar Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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El Abdellaoui Soussi F, Durumutla HB, Latimer H, Prabakaran AD, McFarland K, Miz K, Piczer K, Werbrich C, Jain MK, Haldar SM, Quattrocelli M. Light-phase prednisone promotes glucose oxidation in heart through novel transactivation targets of cardiomyocyte-specific GR and KLF15. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572210. [PMID: 38187555 PMCID: PMC10769285 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Circadian time of intake determines the cardioprotective outcome of glucocorticoids in normal and infarcted hearts. The cardiomyocyte-specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is genetically required to preserve normal heart function in the long-term. The GR co-factor KLF15 is a pleiotropic regulator of cardiac metabolism. However, the cardiomyocyte-autonomous metabolic targets of the GR-KLF15 concerted epigenetic action remain undefined. Here we report that circadian time of intake determines the activation of a transcriptional and functional glucose oxidation program in heart by the glucocorticoid prednisone with comparable magnitude between sexes. We overlayed transcriptomics, epigenomics and cardiomyocyte-specific inducible ablation of either GR or KLF15. Downstream of a light-phase prednisone stimulation in mice, we found that both factors are non-redundantly required in heart to transactivate the adiponectin receptor expression (Adipor1) and promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, as well as transactivate the mitochondrial pyruvate complex expression (Mpc1/2) and promote pyruvate oxidation. We then challenged this time-specific drug effect in obese diabetic db/db mice, where the heart shows insulin resistance and defective glucose oxidation. Opposite to dark-phase dosing, light-phase prednisone rescued glucose oxidation in db/db cardiomyocytes and diastolic function in db/db hearts towards control-like levels with sex-independent magnitude of effect. In summary, our study identifies novel cardiomyocyte-autonomous metabolic targets of the GR-KLF15 concerted program mediating the time-specific cardioprotective effects of glucocorticoids on cardiomyocyte glucose utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadoua El Abdellaoui Soussi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Dept. Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hima Bindu Durumutla
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Dept. Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hannah Latimer
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Dept. Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Daniel Prabakaran
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Dept. Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kevin McFarland
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Dept. Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karen Miz
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Dept. Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Piczer
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Dept. Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cole Werbrich
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Dept. Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Dept Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Saptarsi M Haldar
- Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, USA; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA and Dept Medicine, Cardiology Division, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Dept. Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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10
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Soliz-Rueda JR, López-Fernández-Sobrino R, Schellekens H, Torres-Fuentes C, Arola L, Bravo FI, Muguerza B. Sweet treats before sleep disrupt the clock system and increase metabolic risk markers in healthy rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14005. [PMID: 37243893 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Biological rhythms are endogenously generated natural cycles that act as pacemakers of different physiological mechanisms and homeostasis in the organism, and whose disruption increases metabolic risk. The circadian rhythm is not only reset by light but it is also regulated by behavioral cues such as timing of food intake. This study investigates whether the chronic consumption of a sweet treat before sleeping can disrupt diurnal rhythmicity and metabolism in healthy rats. METHODS For this, 32 Fischer rats were administered daily a low dose of sugar (160 mg/kg, equivalent to 2.5 g in humans) as a sweet treat at 8:00 a.m. or 8:00 p.m. (ZT0 and ZT12, respectively) for 4 weeks. To elucidate diurnal rhythmicity of clock gene expression and metabolic parameters, animals were sacrificed at different times, including 1, 7, 13, and 19 h after the last sugar dose (ZT1, ZT7, ZT13, and ZT19). RESULTS Increased body weight gain and higher cardiometabolic risk were observed when sweet treat was administered at the beginning of the resting period. Moreover, central clock and food intake signaling genes varied depending on snack time. Specifically, the hypothalamic expression of Nampt, Bmal1, Rev-erbα, and Cart showed prominent changes in their diurnal expression pattern, highlighting that sweet treat before bedtime disrupts hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These results show that central clock genes and metabolic effects following a low dose of sugar are strongly time-dependent, causing higher circadian metabolic disruption when it is consumed at the beginning of the resting period, that is, with the late-night snack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R Soliz-Rueda
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raúl López-Fernández-Sobrino
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis Arola
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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11
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Cincotta SA, Richardson N, Foecke MH, Laird DJ. Differential susceptibility of male and female germ cells to glucocorticoid-mediated signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.30.547215. [PMID: 37425891 PMCID: PMC10327205 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.547215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
While physiologic stress has long been known to impair mammalian reproductive capacity through hormonal dysregulation, mounting evidence now suggests that stress experienced prior to or during gestation may also negatively impact the health of future offspring. Rodent models of gestational physiologic stress can induce neurologic and behavioral changes that persist for up to three generations, suggesting that stress signals can induce lasting epigenetic changes in the germline. Treatment with glucocorticoid stress hormones is sufficient to recapitulate the transgenerational changes seen in physiologic stress models. These hormones are known to bind and activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a ligand-inducible transcription factor, thus implicating GR-mediated signaling as a potential contributor to the transgenerational inheritance of stress-induced phenotypes. Here we demonstrate dynamic spatiotemporal regulation of GR expression in the mouse germline, showing expression in the fetal oocyte as well as the perinatal and adult spermatogonia. Functionally, we find that fetal oocytes are intrinsically buffered against changes in GR signaling, as neither genetic deletion of GR nor GR agonism with dexamethasone altered the transcriptional landscape or the progression of fetal oocytes through meiosis. In contrast, our studies revealed that the male germline is susceptible to glucocorticoid-mediated signaling, specifically by regulating RNA splicing within the spermatogonia, although this does not abrogate fertility. Together, our work suggests a sexually dimorphic function for GR in the germline, and represents an important step towards understanding the mechanisms by which stress can modulate the transmission of genetic information through the germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Cincotta
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nainoa Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mariko H. Foecke
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana J. Laird
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Jiang H, Wang X, Ma J, Xu G. The fine-tuned crosstalk between lysine acetylation and the circadian rhythm. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194958. [PMID: 37453648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a roughly 24-h wake and sleep cycle that almost all of the organisms on the earth follow when they execute their biological functions and physiological activities. The circadian clock is mainly regulated by the transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL), consisting of the core clock proteins, including BMAL1, CLOCK, PERs, CRYs, and a series of accessory factors. The circadian clock and the downstream gene expression are not only controlled at the transcriptional and translational levels but also precisely regulated at the post-translational modification level. Recently, it has been discovered that CLOCK exhibits lysine acetyltransferase activities and could acetylate protein substrates. Core clock proteins are also acetylated, thereby altering their biological functions in the regulation of the expression of downstream genes. Studies have revealed that many protein acetylation events exhibit oscillation behavior. However, the biological function of acetylation on circadian rhythm has only begun to explore. This review will briefly introduce the acetylation and deacetylation of the core clock proteins and summarize the proteins whose acetylation is regulated by CLOCK and circadian rhythm. Then, we will also discuss the crosstalk between lysine acetylation and the circadian clock or other post-translational modifications. Finally, we will briefly describe the possible future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglv Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Center of Soochow University, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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13
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Ramasamy T, Doke M, McLaughlin JP, Samikkannu T. Circadian disruption and psychostimulants dysregulates plasma acute-phase proteins and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 31:100659. [PMID: 37455861 PMCID: PMC10344797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have indicated a close link between the inflammatory response, exacerbated by circadian disruption and psychostimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine (METH). Indicators of this inflammation include cortisol and acute-phase proteins (APPs) like C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3 (C3), and serum amyloid A (SAA). The connection between these inflammation markers and circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been gaining attention. However, the specific influence of cocaine and METH on APP, cortisol, and mtDNA levels in mice with disturbed circadian rhythm has yet to be explored, which is the main aim of this research. Methods In our study, we employed 10-12-week-old male C57BL/6J mice, which underwent an imposed 6-h phase advance every six days for a total of eight cycles. This process led to the formation of mice with disrupted circadian rhythm and sleep disorders (CRSD). We administered 11 dosages of cocaine and METH 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively to these CRSD mice over the course of 22 days. Quantitative assessments of CRP, C3, SAA, cortisol, and cell-free circulating mtDNA were conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques. Results The experiment revealed that disruption in circadian rhythm alone or cocaine or METH on their own increased CRP, C3, SAA, and cortisol levels in comparison with the control group. CRSD mice, exposed to cocaine and METH, showed a significant rise in CRP, C3, and SAA, while those without exposure remained stable. We also found a reduction in circulating cell-free mtDNA in all CRSD mice, regardless of cocaine and METH exposure. Conclusions The findings of our study affirm that the levels of CRP, C3, SAA, and cortisol, which reflect inflammation, are enhanced by circadian disruption, cocaine, and METH, and these levels show a strong correlation with the content of circulating cell-free mtDNA. Furthermore, it also shows the potential link between the disruption of the circadian clock and the inflammatory response triggered by cocaine and METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamizhselvi Ramasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mayur Doke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jay P. McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Thangavel Samikkannu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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14
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Nicolaides NC, Chrousos GP. The human glucocorticoid receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:417-438. [PMID: 37717993 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are members of steroid hormones that are biosynthesized in the intermediate cellular zone of the adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata) and released into the peripheral blood as final products of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as well as under the control of the circadian biologic system. These molecules regulate every physiologic function of the organism as they bind to an almost ubiquitous hormone-activated transcription factor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which influences the rate of transcription of a huge number of target genes amounting to up to 20% of the mammalian genome. The evolving progress of cellular, molecular and computational-structural biology and the implication of epigenetics in every-day clinical practice have enabled us a deeper and ever-increasing understanding of how target tissues respond to natural and synthetic glucocorticoids. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge on the structure, expression, function and signaling of the human glucocorticoid receptor in normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - George P Chrousos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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15
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Zhao L, Tang Y, Yang J, Lin F, Liu X, Zhang Y, Chen J. Integrative analysis of circadian clock with prognostic and immunological biomarker identification in ovarian cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1208132. [PMID: 37409345 PMCID: PMC10318361 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1208132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify circadian clock (CC)-related key genes with clinical significance, providing potential biomarkers and novel insights into the CC of ovarian cancer (OC). Methods: Based on the RNA-seq profiles of OC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we explored the dysregulation and prognostic power of 12 reported CC-related genes (CCGs), which were used to generate a circadian clock index (CCI). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were used to identify potential hub genes. Downstream analyses including differential and survival validations were comprehensively investigated. Results: Most CCGs are abnormally expressed and significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of OC. OC patients with a high CCI had lower OS rates. While CCI was positively related to core CCGs such as ARNTL, it also showed significant associations with immune biomarkers including CD8+ T cell infiltration, the expression of PDL1 and CTLA4, and the expression of interleukins (IL-16, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-33) and steroid hormones-related genes. WGCNA screened the green gene module to be mostly correlated with CCI and CCI group, which was utilized to construct a PPI network to pick out 15 hub genes (RNF169, EDC4, CHCHD1, MRPL51, UQCC2, USP34, POM121, RPL37, SNRPC, LAMTOR5, MRPL52, LAMTOR4, NDUFB1, NDUFC1, POLR3K) related to CC. Most of them can exert prognostic values for OS of OC, and all of them were significantly associated with immune cell infiltration. Additionally, upstream regulators including transcription factors and miRNAs of key genes were predicted. Conclusion: Collectively, 15 crucial CC genes showing indicative values for prognosis and immune microenvironment of OC were comprehensively identified. These findings provided insight into the further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfang Zhao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Tang
- Clinical Bioinformatics Experimental Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
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16
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Lammer NC, Ashraf HM, Ugay DA, Spencer SL, Allen MA, Batey RT, Wuttke DS. RNA binding by the glucocorticoid receptor attenuates dexamethasone-induced gene activation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9385. [PMID: 37296231 PMCID: PMC10251336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates a suite of genes through direct binding of GR to specific DNA promoter elements. GR also interacts with RNA, but the function of this RNA-binding activity remains elusive. Current models speculate that RNA could repress the transcriptional activity of GR. To investigate the function of the GR-RNA interaction on GR's transcriptional activity, we generated cells that stably express a mutant of GR with reduced RNA binding affinity and treated the cells with the GR agonist dexamethasone. Changes in the dexamethasone-driven transcriptome were quantified using 4-thiouridine labeling of RNAs followed by high-throughput sequencing. We find that while many genes are unaffected, GR-RNA binding is repressive for specific subsets of genes in both dexamethasone-dependent and independent contexts. Genes that are dexamethasone-dependent are activated directly by chromatin-bound GR, suggesting a competition-based repression mechanism in which increasing local concentrations of RNA may compete with DNA for binding to GR at sites of transcription. Unexpectedly, genes that are dexamethasone-independent instead display a localization to specific chromosomal regions, which points to changes in chromatin accessibility or architecture. These results show that RNA binding plays a fundamental role in regulating GR function and highlights potential functions for transcription factor-RNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolaus C Lammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Humza M Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Daniella A Ugay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Sabrina L Spencer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Mary A Allen
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Robert T Batey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Deborah S Wuttke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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17
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Peng X, Chen Y. The emerging role of circadian rhythms in the development and function of thermogenic fat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1175845. [PMID: 37293491 PMCID: PMC10244810 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1175845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate many biological processes in response to ambient influences. A disrupted circadian rhythm has been shown to be associated with obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Thermogenic fat, including brown and beige fat, may play an important role in this process since it displays a high capacity to burn fat and release the stored energy as heat, contributing to the combat against obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize the relationship between the circadian clock and thermogenic fat and the prominent mechanisms which are involved in the regulation of the development and function of thermogenic fat by circadian rhythms, which may provide novel therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases by targeting thermogenic fat in a circadian manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, China
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18
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Furtado A, Esgalhado AJ, Duarte AC, Costa AR, Costa-Brito AR, Carro E, Ishikawa H, Schroten H, Schwerk C, Gonçalves I, Arosa FA, Santos CRA, Quintela T. Circadian rhythmicity of amyloid-beta-related molecules is disrupted in the choroid plexus of a female Alzheimer's disease mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:524-540. [PMID: 36583371 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is part of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) and was recently described as an important component of the circadian clock system. It is the principal source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and responsible for the synthesis and secretion of various neuroprotective peptides including those involved in amyloid-β (Aβ) transport/degradation, contributing to Aβ homeostasis. Inadequate Aβ metabolic clearance and transport across the BCSFB have been associated with circadian dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. To investigate whether AD pathology influences Aβ scavengers circadian expression, we collected CP at different time points from an AD mouse model (APP/PS1) (female and male animals, aged 6- and 12-months-old) and analyzed their mRNA expression by Real-time RT-PCR. Only angiotensin-converting enzyme (Ace) expression in 6-month-old female wild-type mice and transthyretin (Ttr) expression in 12-month-old female wild-type mice presented significant rhythmicity. The circadian rhythmicity of Ace and Ttr, prompt us to analyze the involvement of circadian rhythm in Aβ uptake. A human CP papilloma (HIBCPP) cell line was incubated with Aβ-488 and uptake was evaluated at different time points using flow cytometry. Aβ uptake displayed circadian rhythmicity. Our results suggest that AD might affect Aβ scavengers rhythmicity and that Aβ clearance is a rhythmic process possibly regulated by the rhythmic expression of Aβ scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Furtado
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - André J Esgalhado
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Duarte
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,UDI-IPG- Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa-Brito
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eva Carro
- Networked Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Horst Schroten
- Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Childrens Hospital, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Schwerk
- Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Childrens Hospital, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,UDI-IPG- Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
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19
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Grosjean E, Simonneaux V, Challet E. Reciprocal Interactions between Circadian Clocks, Food Intake, and Energy Metabolism. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040539. [PMID: 37106739 PMCID: PMC10136292 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Like other biological functions, food intake and energy metabolism display daily rhythms controlled by the circadian timing system that comprises a main circadian clock and numerous secondary clocks in the brain and peripheral tissues. Each secondary circadian clock delivers local temporal cues based on intracellular transcriptional and translational feedback loops that are tightly interconnected to intracellular nutrient-sensing pathways. Genetic impairment of molecular clocks and alteration in the rhythmic synchronizing cues, such as ambient light at night or mistimed meals, lead to circadian disruption that, in turn, negatively impacts metabolic health. Not all circadian clocks are sensitive to the same synchronizing signals. The master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus is mostly synchronized by ambient light and, to a lesser extent, by behavioral cues coupled to arousal and exercise. Secondary clocks are generally phase-shifted by timed metabolic cues associated with feeding, exercise, and changes in temperature. Furthermore, both the master and secondary clocks are modulated by calorie restriction and high-fat feeding. Taking into account the regularity of daily meals, the duration of eating periods, chronotype, and sex, chrononutritional strategies may be useful for improving the robustness of daily rhythmicity and maintaining or even restoring the appropriate energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Grosjean
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Simonneaux
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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20
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Srinivasan M, Walker C. Circadian Clock, Glucocorticoids and NF-κB Signaling in Neuroinflammation- Implicating Glucocorticoid Induced Leucine Zipper as a Molecular Link. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221120190. [PMID: 36317290 PMCID: PMC9629546 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221120190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation including neuroinflammation is considered a protective response and is directed to repair, regenerate, and restore damaged tissues in the central nervous system. Persistent inflammation due to chronic stress, age related accrual of free radicals, subclinical infections or other factors lead to reduced survival and increased neuronal death. Circadian abnormalities secondary to altered sleep/wake cycles is one of the earliest signs of neurodegenerative diseases. Brain specific or global deficiency of core circadian trans-activator brain and muscle ARNT (Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator)-like protein 1 (BMAL1) or that of the transrepressor REV-ERBα, impaired neural function and cognitive performance in rodents. Consistently, transcripts of inflammatory cytokines and host immune responses have been shown to exhibit diurnal variation, in parallel with the disruption of the circadian rhythm. Glucocorticoids that exhibit both a circadian rhythm similar to that of the core clock transactivator BMAL1 and tissue specific ultradian rhythm are critical in the control of neuroinflammation and re-establishment of homeostasis. It is widely accepted that the glucocorticoids suppress nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) mediated transactivation and suppress inflammation. Recent mechanistic elucidations suggest that the core clock components also modulate NF-κB mediated transactivation in the brain and peripheral tissues. In this review we discuss evidence for interactions between the circadian clock components, glucocorticoids and NF-κB signaling responses in the brain and propose glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper (GILZ) encoded by Tsc22d3, as a molecular link that connect all three pathways in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis as well as in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation-neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Provaidya LLC, Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Mythily Srinivasan, Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States; Provaidya LLC, Indiana Center for Biomedical Innovation, 1800 North Capitol Av, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
;
| | - Chandler Walker
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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21
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Nicolaides NC. The Human Glucocorticoid Receptor Beta: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6691806. [PMID: 36059139 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids play a fundamental role in a plethora of cellular processes and physiologic functions through binding on a ubiquitously expressed receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor influencing the transcription rate of numerous genes in a positive or negative fashion. For many years, we believed that the pleiotropic actions of glucocorticoids were mediated by a single GR protein expressed by the NR3C1 gene. Nowadays, we know that the NR3C1 gene encodes 2 main receptor isoforms, the GRα and the GRβ, through alternative splicing of the last exons. Furthermore, the alternative initiation of GR mRNA translation generates 8 distinct GRα and possibly 8 different GRβ receptor isoforms. The tremendous progress of cellular, molecular, and structural biology in association with the data explosion provided by bioinformatics have enabled a deeper understanding of the role of GRβ in cellular homeostasis. In this review article, I will provide an update on the cellular properties and functions of hGRβ and summarize the current knowledge about the evolving role of the beta isoform of glucocorticoid receptor in endocrine physiology, pathophysiology, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
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22
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Costello HM, Johnston JG, Juffre A, Crislip GR, Gumz ML. Circadian clocks of the kidney: function, mechanism, and regulation. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1669-1701. [PMID: 35575250 PMCID: PMC9273266 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An intrinsic cellular circadian clock is located in nearly every cell of the body. The peripheral circadian clocks within the cells of the kidney contribute to the regulation of a variety of renal processes. In this review, we summarize what is currently known regarding the function, mechanism, and regulation of kidney clocks. Additionally, the effect of extrarenal physiological processes, such as endocrine and neuronal signals, on kidney function is also reviewed. Circadian rhythms in renal function are an integral part of kidney physiology, underscoring the importance of considering time of day as a key biological variable. The field of circadian renal physiology is of tremendous relevance, but with limited physiological and mechanistic information on the kidney clocks this is an area in need of extensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jermaine G Johnston
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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23
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Lal MK, Sharma E, Tiwari RK, Devi R, Mishra UN, Thakur R, Gupta R, Dey A, Lal P, Kumar A, Altaf MA, Sahu DN, Kumar R, Singh B, Sahu SK. Nutrient-Mediated Perception and Signalling in Human Metabolism: A Perspective of Nutrigenomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911305. [PMID: 36232603 PMCID: PMC9569568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between selective nutrients and linked genes involving a specific organ reveals the genetic make-up of an individual in response to a particular nutrient. The interaction of genes with food opens opportunities for the addition of bioactive compounds for specific populations comprising identical genotypes. The slight difference in the genetic blueprints of humans is advantageous in determining the effect of nutrients and their metabolism in the body. The basic knowledge of emerging nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics can be applied to optimize health, prevention, and treatment of diseases. In addition, nutrient-mediated pathways detecting the cellular concentration of nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, lipids, and metabolites are integrated and coordinated at the organismal level via hormone signals. This review deals with the interaction of nutrients with various aspects of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics along with pathways involved in nutrient sensing and regulation, which can provide a detailed understanding of this new leading edge in nutrition research and its potential application to dietetic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Rajni Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | | | - Richa Thakur
- Division of Silviculture and Forest Management, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Rucku Gupta
- Department of horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 181101, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Priyanka Lal
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar GT Road (NH1), Phagwara 144402, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 754006, India
| | | | - Durgesh Nandini Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.K.S.)
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24
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Wintzinger M, Panta M, Miz K, Prabakaran AD, Durumutla HB, Sargent M, Peek CB, Bass J, Molkentin JD, Quattrocelli M. Impact of circadian time of dosing on cardiomyocyte-autonomous effects of glucocorticoids. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101528. [PMID: 35717025 PMCID: PMC9243158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial capacity is critical to adapt the high energy demand of the heart to circadian oscillations and diseased states. Glucocorticoids regulate the circadian cycle of energy metabolism, but little is known about how circadian timing of exogenous glucocorticoid dosing directly regulates heart metabolism through cardiomyocyte-autonomous mechanisms. While chronic once-daily intake of glucocorticoids promotes metabolic stress and heart failure, we recently discovered that intermittent once-weekly dosing of exogenous glucocorticoids promoted muscle metabolism in normal and obese skeletal muscle. However, the effects of glucocorticoid intermittence on heart metabolism and heart failure remain unknown. Here we investigated the extent to which circadian time of dosing regulates the effects of the glucocorticoid prednisone in heart metabolism and function in conditions of single pulse or chronic intermittent dosing. METHODS AND RESULTS In WT mice, we found that prednisone improved cardiac content of NAD+ and ATP with light-phase dosing (ZT0), while the effects were blocked by dark-phase dosing (ZT12). The drug effects on mitochondrial function were cardiomyocyte-autonomous, as shown by inducible cardiomyocyte-restricted glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ablation, and depended on an intact cardiomyocyte clock, as shown by inducible cardiomyocyte-restricted ablation of Brain and Muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1). Conjugating time-of-dosing with chronic intermittence, we found that once-weekly prednisone improved metabolism and function in heart after myocardial injury dependent on circadian time of intake, i.e. with light-phase but not dark-phase dosing. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies cardiac-autonomous mechanisms through which circadian-specific intermittent dosing reconverts glucocorticoid drugs to metabolic boosters for the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wintzinger
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Manoj Panta
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karen Miz
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashok D Prabakaran
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hima Bindu Durumutla
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Sargent
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Clara Bien Peek
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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25
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Duez H, Pourcet B. Récepteurs nucléaires et rythmes circadiens. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:669-678. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
L’horloge circadienne programme l’ensemble des processus physiologiques, dont l’activité du système immunitaire, à des moments précis de la journée. Elle permet d’optimiser les fonctions de l’organisme en anticipant les changements quotidiens tels que les cycles jour/nuit. Nos habitudes de vie comme l’exposition à la lumière artificielle ou une prise alimentaire irrégulière désynchronisent cependant cette horloge et provoquent des maladies, par exemple inflammatoires. Au niveau moléculaire, elle consiste en un réseau de facteurs de transcription dont certains sont des récepteurs nucléaires, activables par des ligands. Une meilleure compréhension des rythmes biologiques et du rôle des récepteurs nucléaires de l’horloge circadienne permettrait d’ouvrir un champ thérapeutique nouveau. La chronothérapie qui consiste en l’administration d’un composé pharmacologique au moment de la journée le plus propice, permettrait, en ciblant ces récepteurs, d’optimiser l’efficacité du traitement et d’en réduire les possibles effets secondaires.
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26
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Role of glucocorticoid receptor mutations in hypertension and adrenal gland hyperplasia. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:829-840. [PMID: 35732960 PMCID: PMC9217122 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of premature death in humans and exhibits a complex aetiology including environmental and genetic factors. Mutations within the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) can cause glucocorticoid resistance, which is characterized by several clinical features like hypercortisolism, hypokalaemia, adrenal hyperplasia and hypertension. Altered glucocorticoid receptor signalling further affects sodium and potassium homeostasis as well as blood pressure regulation and cell proliferation and differentiation that influence organ development and function. In salt-sensitive hypertension, excessive renal salt transport and sympathetic nervous system stimulation may occur simultaneously, and, thus, both the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the GR-signalling may be implicated or even act interdependently. This review focuses on identified GR mutations in human primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance (PGGR) patients and their related clinical phenotype with specific emphasis on adrenal gland hyperplasia and hypertension. We compare these findings to mouse and rat mutants harbouring genetically engineered mutations to further dissect the cause and/or the consequence of clinical features which are common or different.
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27
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Scholtes C, Giguère V. Transcriptional control of energy metabolism by nuclear receptors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:750-770. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Vaca-Dempere M, Kumar A, Sica V, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Running skeletal muscle clocks on time- the determining factors. Exp Cell Res 2022; 413:112989. [PMID: 35081395 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms generate 24 h-long oscillations, which are key regulators of many aspects of behavior and physiology. Recent circadian transcriptome studies have discovered rhythmicity at the transcriptional level of hundreds of skeletal muscle genes, with roles in skeletal muscle growth, maintenance, and metabolic functions. These rhythms allow this tissue to perform molecular functions at the appropriate time of the day in order to anticipate environmental changes. However, while the last decade of research has characterized several aspects of the skeletal muscle molecular clock, many still are unexplored, including its functions, regulatory mechanisms, and interactions with other tissues. The central clock is believed to be located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain hypothalamus, providing entrainment to peripheral organs through humoral and neuronal signals. However, these mechanisms of action are still unknown. Conversely, muscle tissue can be entrained through extrinsic, SCN-independent factors, such as feeding and physical activity. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent research about the extrinsic and intrinsic factors required for skeletal muscle clock regulation. Furthermore, we discuss the need for future studies to elucidate the mechanisms behind this regulation, which will in turn help dissect the role of circadian disruption at the onset of aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Vaca-Dempere
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentina Sica
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08003, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, 08010, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Vandewalle J, Libert C. Sepsis: a failing starvation response. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:292-304. [PMID: 35181202 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is involved in ~ 20% of annual global deaths. Despite decades of research, the current management of sepsis remains supportive rather than curative. Clinical trials in sepsis have mainly been focused on targeting the inflammatory pathway, but without success. Recent data indicate that metabolic dysregulation takes place in sepsis, and targeting metabolic pathways might hold much promise for the management of sepsis. Sepsis yields a strong starvation response, including the release of high-energy metabolites such as lactate and free fatty acids. However, the activity of two major transcription factors, GR and PPARα, is downregulated in hepatocytes, leading to the accumulation and toxicity of metabolites that, moreover, fail to be transformed into useful molecules such as glucose and ketones. We review the literature and suggest mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets that might prevent or revert the fatal metabolic dysregulation in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Vandewalle
- Center for Inflammation Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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30
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Pundir M, Papagerakis S, De Rosa MC, Chronis N, Kurabayashi K, Abdulmawjood S, Prince MEP, Lobanova L, Chen X, Papagerakis P. Emerging biotechnologies for evaluating disruption of stress, sleep, and circadian rhythm mechanism using aptamer-based detection of salivary biomarkers. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107961. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Ali AAH, von Gall C. Adult Neurogenesis under Control of the Circadian System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050764. [PMID: 35269386 PMCID: PMC8909047 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian system is a hierarchically organized system, which controls a 24-h periodicity in a wide variety of body and brain functions and physiological processes. There is increasing evidence that the circadian system modulates the complex multistep process of adult neurogenesis, which is crucial for brain plasticity. This modulatory effect may be exercised via rhythmic systemic factors including neurotransmitters, hormones and neurotrophic factors as well as rhythmic behavior and physiology or via intrinsic factors within the neural progenitor cells such as the redox state and clock genes/molecular clockwork. In this review, we discuss the role of the circadian system for adult neurogenesis at both the systemic and the cellular levels. Better understanding of the role of the circadian system in modulation of adult neurogenesis can help develop new treatment strategies to improve the cognitive deterioration associated with chronodisruption due to detrimental light regimes or neurodegenerative diseases.
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32
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Quattrocelli M, Wintzinger M, Miz K, Levine DC, Peek CB, Bass J, McNally EM. Muscle mitochondrial remodeling by intermittent glucocorticoid drugs requires an intact circadian clock and muscle PGC1α. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm1189. [PMID: 35179955 PMCID: PMC8856622 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous glucocorticoids interact with the circadian clock, but little attention is paid to the timing of intake. We recently found that intermittent once-weekly prednisone improved nutrient oxidation in dystrophic muscle. Here, we investigated whether dosage time affected prednisone effects on muscle bioenergetics. In mice treated with once-weekly prednisone, drug dosing in the light-phase promoted nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels and mitochondrial function in wild-type muscle, while this response was lost with dark-phase dosing. These effects depended on a normal circadian clock since they were disrupted in muscle from [Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1)]-knockout mice. The light-phase prednisone pulse promoted BMAL1-dependent glucocorticoid receptor recruitment on noncanonical targets, including Nampt and Ppargc1a [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α)]. In mice with muscle-restricted inducible PGC1α ablation, bioenergetic stimulation by light-phase prednisone required PGC1α. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoid "chronopharmacology" for muscle bioenergetics requires an intact clock and muscle PGC1α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Quattrocelli
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle Wintzinger
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karen Miz
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel C. Levine
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clara Bien Peek
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yang G, Wan L, Zhang S, Shi X, Wang J, Hu L, Zou L. CLOCK, SIRT1, and HDAC2 Knockdown along with Melatonin Intervention Significantly Decreased the Level Glucocorticoid Receptor. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lange T, Luebber F, Grasshoff H, Besedovsky L. The contribution of sleep to the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythms in human leukocyte traffic. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:239-254. [PMID: 35041075 PMCID: PMC8901522 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four-hour rhythms in immune parameters and functions are robustly observed phenomena in biomedicine. Here, we summarize the important role of sleep and associated parameters on the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythmic immune cell traffic to different compartments, with a focus on human leukocyte subsets. Blood counts of "stress leukocytes" such as neutrophils, natural killer cells, and highly differentiated cytotoxic T cells present a rhythm with a daytime peak. It is mediated by morning increases in epinephrine, leading to a mobilization of these cells out of the marginal pool into the circulation following a fast, beta2-adrenoceptor-dependent inhibition of adhesive integrin signaling. In contrast, other subsets such as eosinophils and less differentiated T cells are redirected out of the circulation during daytime. This is mediated by stimulation of the glucocorticoid receptor following morning increases in cortisol, which promotes CXCR4-driven leukocyte traffic, presumably to the bone marrow. Hence, these cells show highest numbers in blood at night when cortisol levels are lowest. Sleep adds to these rhythms by actively suppressing epinephrine and cortisol levels. In addition, sleep increases levels of immunosupportive mediators, such as aldosterone and growth hormone, which are assumed to promote T-cell homing to lymph nodes, thus facilitating the initiation of adaptive immune responses during sleep. Taken together, sleep-wake behavior with its unique neuroendocrine changes regulates human leukocyte traffic with overall immunosupportive effects during nocturnal sleep. In contrast, integrin de-activation and redistribution of certain leukocytes to the bone marrow during daytime activity presumably serves immune regulation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. .,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Finn Luebber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Social Neuroscience Lab, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Tan XG, Zhu J, Cui L. MicroRNA expression signature and target prediction in familial and sporadic primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH). BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:11. [PMID: 34986816 PMCID: PMC8729020 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH), previously termed ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH), is a rare cause of Cushing's syndrome usually characterized by functioning adrenal macronodules and increased cortisol production. METHODS To screen and analyse the microRNA (miRNA) profile of PMAH in order to elucidate its possible pathogenesis, a miRNA microarray was used to test tissue samples from patients with familial PMAH, patients with sporadic PMAH and normal control samples of other nontumour adrenocortical tissues and identify characteristic microRNA expression signatures. Randomly selected miRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the key signalling pathways and miRNAs involved in PMAH pathogenesis were determined by gene ontology and pathway analysis. RESULTS Characteristic microRNA expression signatures were identified for patients with familial PMAH (16 differentially expressed microRNAs) and patients with sporadic PMAH (8 differentially expressed microRNAs). The expression of the selected miRNAs was confirmed by qRT-PCR, suggesting the high reliability of the miRNA array analysis results. Pathway analysis showed that the most enriched pathway was the renal cell carcinoma pathway. Overexpression of miR-17, miR-20a and miR-130b may inhibit glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in PMAH pathogenesis. CONCLUSION We identified the miRNA signatures in patients with familial and sporadic PMAH. The differentially expressed miRNAs may be involved in the mechanisms of PMAH pathogenesis. Specific miRNAs, such as miR-17, miR-20a and miR-130b, may be new targets for further functional studies of PMAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Gang Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Liang Cui
- Department of Urology Surgery, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, 100123, China.
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36
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Ray DW. Circadian Rhythm and Nuclear Receptors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:143-153. [PMID: 36107317 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
All life of Earth has evolved mechanisms to track time. This permits anticipation of predictable changes in light/dark, and in most cases also directs fed/fasted cycles, and sleep/wake. The nuclear receptors enjoy a close relationship with the molecular machinery of the clock. Some play a core role within the circadian machinery, other respond to ligands which oscillate in concentration, and physical cross-talk between clock transcription factors, eg cryptochromes, and multiple nuclear receptors also enable coupling of nuclear receptor function to time of day. Essential processes including inflammation, and energy metabolism are strongly regulated by both the circadian machinery, and rhythmic behaviour, and also by multiple members of the nuclear receptor family. An emerging theme is reciprocal regulation of key processes by different members of the nuclear receptor family, for example NR1D1/2, and NR1F1, in regulation of the core circadian clock transcription factor BMAL1.
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Agorastos A, Chrousos GP. The neuroendocrinology of stress: the stress-related continuum of chronic disease development. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:502-513. [PMID: 34290370 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stress is defined as a state of threatened homeodynamic balance by a wide range of intrinsic or extrinsic, real or perceived challenges or stimuli, defined as stressors. To preserve this optimal homeodynamic state within a physiologic range, organisms have developed a highly sophisticated system, the stress system, which serves self-regulation and adaptability of the organism by energy redirection according to the current needs. Repeated, ephemeral, and motivating stress states lead to adaptive responses and response habituations, being fairly beneficial; in contrast, inadequate, aversive, excessive, or prolonged stress may surpass the regulatory capacity and adjustive resources of the organism and produce maladaptive responses and a chronically altered homeodynamic state associated with compromised mental and physical health and life expectancy. Neuroendocrine responses to stress depend on developmental timing, duration, time of day and nature of stressors leading to a vulnerable phenotype with disrupted stress reactivity (i.e., hyper- or hypoactivation of the stress system), impaired glucocorticoid signaling, and accumulated cacostatic load with cumulatively elevated long-term risk of mental and physical morbidity. This article offers a brief overview on the organization and physiology of the human stress system and its (re)activity, refreshes the plethora of somatic effects of acute and chronic stress and discusses a conceptual model of acute and chronic stress pathophysiology as a continuum in chronic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- II. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. .,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Butz H, Patócs A. Mechanisms behind context-dependent role of glucocorticoids in breast cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:803-832. [PMID: 35761157 PMCID: PMC9758252 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), mostly dexamethasone (dex), are routinely administered as adjuvant therapy to manage side effects in breast cancer. However, recently, it has been revealed that dex triggers different effects and correlates with opposite outcomes depending on the breast cancer molecular subtype. This has raised new concerns regarding the generalized use of GC and suggested that the context-dependent effects of GCs can be taken into potential consideration during treatment design. Based on this, attention has recently been drawn to the role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in development and progression of breast cancer. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, we aimed to summarize the different mechanisms behind different context-dependent GC actions in breast cancer by applying a multilevel examination, starting from the association of variants of the GR-encoding gene to expression at the mRNA and protein level of the receptor, and its interactions with other factors influencing GC action in breast cancer. The role of GCs in chemosensitivity and chemoresistance observed during breast cancer therapy is discussed. In addition, experiences using GC targeting therapeutic options (already used and investigated in preclinical and clinical trials), such as classic GC dexamethasone, selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and modulators, the GC antagonist mifepristone, and GR coregulators, are also summarized. Evidence presented can aid a better understanding of the biology of context-dependent GC action that can lead to further advances in the personalized therapy of breast cancer by the evaluation of GR along with the conventional estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the routine diagnostic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriett Butz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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39
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Gans IM, Coffman JA. Glucocorticoid-Mediated Developmental Programming of Vertebrate Stress Responsivity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:812195. [PMID: 34992551 PMCID: PMC8724051 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.812195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, vertebrate steroid hormones produced by cells of the adrenal cortex or interrenal tissue, function dynamically to maintain homeostasis under constantly changing and occasionally stressful environmental conditions. They do so by binding and thereby activating nuclear receptor transcription factors, the Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors (MR and GR, respectively). The GR, by virtue of its lower affinity for endogenous glucocorticoids (cortisol or corticosterone), is primarily responsible for transducing the dynamic signals conveyed by circadian and ultradian glucocorticoid oscillations as well as transient pulses produced in response to acute stress. These dynamics are important determinants of stress responsivity, and at the systemic level are produced by feedforward and feedback signaling along the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis. Within receiving cells, GR signaling dynamics are controlled by the GR target gene and negative feedback regulator fkpb5. Chronic stress can alter signaling dynamics via imperfect physiological adaptation that changes systemic and/or cellular set points, resulting in chronically elevated cortisol levels and increased allostatic load, which undermines health and promotes development of disease. When this occurs during early development it can "program" the responsivity of the stress system, with persistent effects on allostatic load and disease susceptibility. An important question concerns the glucocorticoid-responsive gene regulatory network that contributes to such programming. Recent studies show that klf9, a ubiquitously expressed GR target gene that encodes a Krüppel-like transcription factor important for metabolic plasticity and neuronal differentiation, is a feedforward regulator of GR signaling impacting cellular glucocorticoid responsivity, suggesting that it may be a critical node in that regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Gans
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - James A. Coffman
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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40
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Grossmann C, Almeida-Prieto B, Nolze A, Alvarez de la Rosa D. Structural and molecular determinants of mineralocorticoid receptor signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:3103-3118. [PMID: 34811739 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has evolved from a much-overlooked member of the steroid hormone receptor family to an important player, not only in volume and electrolyte homeostasis but also in pathological changes occurring in an increasing number of tissues, especially the renal and cardiovascular systems. Simultaneously, a wealth of information about the structure, interaction partners and chromatin requirements for genomic signalling of steroid hormone receptors became available. However, much of the information for the MR has been deduced from studies of other family members and there is still a lack of knowledge about MR-specific features in ligand binding, chromatin remodelling, co-factor interactions and general MR specificity-conferring mechanisms that can completely explain the differences in pathophysiological function between MR and its closest relative, the glucocorticoid receptor. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge of MR structure, signalling and co-factors modulating its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Grossmann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Brian Almeida-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alexander Nolze
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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41
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Kokkinopoulou I, Diakoumi A, Moutsatsou P. Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011173. [PMID: 34681832 PMCID: PMC8537243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and depression increase the risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) development. Evidence demonstrates that the Glucocorticoid (GC) negative feedback is impaired (GC resistance) in T2D patients resulting in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity and hypercortisolism. High GCs, in turn, activate multiple aspects of glucose homeostasis in peripheral tissues leading to hyperglycemia. Elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) mediates the GC-induced dysregulation of glucose production, uptake and insulin signaling in GC-sensitive peripheral tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas. In contrast to increased GR peripheral sensitivity, an impaired GR signaling in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of T2D patients, associated with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and increased inflammation, has been shown. Given that GR changes in immune cells parallel those in brain, the above data implicate that a reduced brain GR function may be the biological link among stress, HPA hyperactivity, hypercortisolism and hyperglycemia. GR polymorphisms have also been associated with metabolic disturbances in T2D while dysregulation of micro-RNAs—known to target GR mRNA—has been described. Collectively, GR has a crucial role in T2D, acting in a cell-type and context-specific manner, leading to either GC sensitivity or GC resistance. Selective modulation of GR signaling in T2D therapy warrants further investigation.
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42
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A novel bedtime pulsatile-release caffeine formula ameliorates sleep inertia symptoms immediately upon awakening. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19734. [PMID: 34611208 PMCID: PMC8492773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep inertia is a disabling state of grogginess and impaired vigilance immediately upon awakening. The adenosine receptor antagonist, caffeine, is widely used to reduce sleep inertia symptoms, yet the initial, most severe impairments are hardly alleviated by post-awakening caffeine intake. To ameliorate this disabling state more potently, we developed an innovative, delayed, pulsatile-release caffeine formulation targeting an efficacious dose briefly before planned awakening. We comprehensively tested this formulation in two separate studies. First, we established the in vivo caffeine release profile in 10 young men. Subsequently, we investigated in placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over fashion the formulation's ability to improve sleep inertia in 22 sleep-restricted volunteers. Following oral administration of 160 mg caffeine at 22:30, we kept volunteers awake until 03:00, to increase sleep inertia symptoms upon scheduled awakening at 07:00. Immediately upon awakening, we quantified subjective state, psychomotor vigilance, cognitive performance, and followed the evolution of the cortisol awakening response. We also recorded standard polysomnography during nocturnal sleep and a 1-h nap opportunity at 08:00. Compared to placebo, the engineered caffeine formula accelerated the reaction time on the psychomotor vigilance task, increased positive and reduced negative affect scores, improved sleep inertia ratings, prolonged the cortisol awakening response, and delayed nap sleep latency one hour after scheduled awakening. Based on these findings, we conclude that this novel, pulsatile-release caffeine formulation facilitates the sleep-to-wake transition in sleep-restricted healthy adults. We propose that individuals suffering from disabling sleep inertia may benefit from this innovative approach.Trials registration: NCT04975360.
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Sevilla LM, Jiménez-Panizo A, Alegre-Martí A, Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Caelles C, Pérez P. Glucocorticoid Resistance: Interference between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and the MAPK Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10049. [PMID: 34576214 PMCID: PMC8465023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that signal in virtually all cell types to modulate tissue homeostasis throughout life. Also, synthetic GC derivatives (pharmacological GCs) constitute the first-line treatment in many chronic inflammatory conditions with unquestionable therapeutic benefits despite the associated adverse effects. GC actions are principally mediated through the GC receptor (GR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Despite the ubiquitous expression of GR, imbalances in GC signalling affect tissues differently, and with variable degrees of severity through mechanisms that are not completely deciphered. Congenital or acquired GC hypersensitivity or resistance syndromes can impact responsiveness to endogenous or pharmacological GCs, causing disease or inadequate therapeutic outcomes, respectively. Acquired GC resistance is defined as loss of efficacy or desensitization over time, and arises as a consequence of chronic inflammation, affecting around 30% of GC-treated patients. It represents an important limitation in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer, and can be due to impairment of multiple mechanisms along the GC signalling pathway. Among them, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and/or alterations in expression of their regulators, the dual-specific phosphatases (DUSPs), have been identified as common mechanisms of GC resistance. While many of the anti-inflammatory actions of GCs rely on GR-mediated inhibition of MAPKs and/or induction of DUSPs, the GC anti-inflammatory capacity is decreased or lost in conditions of excessive MAPK activation, contributing to disease susceptibility in tissue- and disease- specific manners. Here, we discuss potential strategies to modulate GC responsiveness, with the dual goal of overcoming GC resistance and minimizing the onset and severity of unwanted adverse effects while maintaining therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Sevilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alba Jiménez-Panizo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andrea Alegre-Martí
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carme Caelles
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Nuclear Receptors and Clock Components in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189721. [PMID: 34575881 PMCID: PMC8468608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still the first cause of death worldwide. Their main origin is the development of atherosclerotic plaque, which consists in the accumulation of lipids and inflammatory leucocytes within the vascular wall of large vessels. Beyond dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, hypertension and smoking, the alteration of circadian rhythms, in shift workers for instance, has recently been recognized as an additional risk factor. Accordingly, targeting a pro-atherogenic pathway at the right time window, namely chronotherapy, has proven its efficiency in reducing plaque progression without affecting healthy tissues in mice, thus providing the rationale of such an approach to treat CVD and to reduce drug side effects. Nuclear receptors are transcriptional factors involved in the control of many physiological processes. Among them, Rev-erbs and RORs control metabolic homeostasis, inflammatory processes and the biological clock. In this review, we discuss the opportunity to dampen atherosclerosis progression by targeting such ligand-activated core clock components in a (chrono-)therapeutic approach in order to treat CVD.
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45
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The role of clock genes in sleep, stress and memory. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 191:114493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Straat ME, Hogenboom R, Boon MR, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Circadian control of brown adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158961. [PMID: 33933649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian (~24 h) rhythms is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, unravelling how circadian rhythms are regulated in different metabolic tissues has become a prominent research focus. Of particular interest is brown adipose tissue (BAT), which combusts triglyceride-derived fatty acids and glucose into heat and displays a circannual and diurnal rhythm in its thermogenic activity. In this review, the genetic, neuronal and endocrine generation of these rhythms in BAT is discussed. In addition, the potential risks of disruption or attenuation of these rhythms in BAT, and possible factors influencing these rhythms, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike E Straat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Hogenboom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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47
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Frank F, Liu X, Ortlund EA. Glucocorticoid receptor condensates link DNA-dependent receptor dimerization and transcriptional transactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024685118. [PMID: 34285072 PMCID: PMC8325269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024685118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor (TF) that controls the tissue- and gene-specific transactivation and transrepression of thousands of target genes. Distinct GR DNA-binding sequences with activating or repressive activities have been identified, but how they modulate transcription in opposite ways is not known. We show that GR forms phase-separated condensates that specifically concentrate known coregulators via their intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in vitro. A combination of dynamic, multivalent (between IDRs) and specific, stable interactions (between LxxLL motifs and the GR ligand-binding domain) control the degree of recruitment. Importantly, GR DNA binding directs the selective partitioning of coregulators within GR condensates such that activating DNAs cause enhanced recruitment of coactivators. Our work shows that condensation controls GR function by modulating coregulator recruitment and provides a mechanism for the up- and down-regulation of GR target genes controlled by distinct DNA recognition elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipp Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Lopes-Júnior LC, Veronez LC. Circadian rhythms disruption in cancer. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1951470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health in Sciences. Health Sciences Center at the Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- BSc in Biology., Ph.D. In Immunology. Post-doctoral Fellow at the Department of Childcare and Pediatrics at the Ribeirão PretoMedical School at the University of São Paulo (USP). (FMRP-USP)., Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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The circadian clock gates Drosophila adult emergence by controlling the timecourse of metamorphosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023249118. [PMID: 34183412 PMCID: PMC8271606 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023249118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In holometabolous insects, the circadian clock restricts the time of adult emergence. Although this daily gating of behavior is one of the first circadian rhythms to be studied, little is known about the mechanism underlying the gating process itself. Here, we show that the circadian clock imposes a daily rhythmicity to the pattern of adult emergence by controlling the timing of the completion of metamorphosis. Thus, our findings reveal that the basis of gating is a developmental process and not an acute on/off activational switch and fundamentally changes our understanding of how this circadian control is accomplished. It also provides evidence of a mechanism by which the circadian clock imposes a daily rhythmicity to behavior through the control of the pace of development. The daily rhythm of adult emergence of holometabolous insects is one of the first circadian rhythms to be studied. In these insects, the circadian clock imposes a daily pattern of emergence by allowing or stimulating eclosion during certain windows of time and inhibiting emergence during others, a process that has been described as “gating.” Although the circadian rhythm of insect emergence provided many of the key concepts of chronobiology, little progress has been made in understanding the bases of the gating process itself, although the term “gating” suggests that it is separate from the developmental process of metamorphosis. Here, we follow the progression through the final stages of Drosophila adult development with single-animal resolution and show that the circadian clock imposes a daily rhythmicity to the pattern of emergence by controlling when the insect initiates the final steps of metamorphosis itself. Circadian rhythmicity of emergence depends on the coupling between the central clock located in the brain and a peripheral clock located in the prothoracic gland (PG), an endocrine gland whose only known function is the production of the molting hormone, ecdysone. Here, we show that the clock exerts its action by regulating not the levels of ecdysone but that of its actions mediated by the ecdysone receptor. Our findings may also provide insights for understanding the mechanisms by which the daily rhythms of glucocorticoids are produced in mammals, which result from the coupling between the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and a peripheral clock located in the suprarenal gland.
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Sahar NE, Qadir J, Riaz SK, Sultan A, Arif A, Malik MFA. Dysregulation of core circadian genes, BMAL1 and CLOCK, in colorectal cancer. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1940623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Namood-e Sahar
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Javeria Qadir
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Kiran Riaz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aimen Sultan
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aiza Arif
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Muhammad Faraz Arshad Malik
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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