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Wu HH, Leng S, Sergi C, Leng R. How MicroRNAs Command the Battle against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5865. [PMID: 38892054 PMCID: PMC11172831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate more than 30% of genes in humans. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Large sets of miRNAs in human tumors are under-expressed compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, experiments have shown that interference with miRNA processing enhances tumorigenesis. Multiple studies have documented the causal role of miRNAs in cancer, and miRNA-based anticancer therapies are currently being developed. This review primarily focuses on two key points: (1) miRNAs and their role in human cancer and (2) the regulation of tumor suppressors by miRNAs. The review discusses (a) the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 by miRNA, (b) the critical role of the miR-144/451 cluster in regulating the Itch-p63-Ago2 pathway, and (c) the regulation of PTEN by miRNAs. Future research and the perspectives of miRNA in cancer are also discussed. Understanding these pathways will open avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Helena Wu
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
| | - Sarah Leng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada (C.S.)
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada (C.S.)
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Roger Leng
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
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Han L, Hao P, Wang W, Wu Y, Ruan S, Gao C, Tian W, Tian Y, Li X, Wang L, Zhang W, Wang H, Chang Y, Ding J. Molecular mechanisms that regulate the heat stress response in sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) by comparative heat tolerance performance and whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165846. [PMID: 37541492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
In the context of climate change and extreme high temperature, the commercially important sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius suffers high mortality during summer in Northern China. How sea urchins respond to high temperatures is of great concern to academia and industry. How to understand the heat tolerance of sea urchin from the whole transcriptome level. In this study, the heat-resistant S. intermedius bred by our team and its control group were used as the research objects, then we applied whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing to detect differentially expressed mRNAs, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs that respond to heat stress in the heat-resistant and control S. intermedius. A competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was constructed with predicted pairs of differentially expressed mRNAs and noncoding RNAs and revealed the molecular regulatory mechanisms in S. intermedius responding to heat stress. A functional analysis suggested that the ceRNAs were involved in basal metabolism, calcium ion transport, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. This is the whole-transcriptomic analysis of S. intermedius under heat stress to propose ceRNA networks that will provide a basis for studying the potential functions of long noncoding RNAs and miRNAs in the heat stress response in S. intermedius and provide a theoretical basis for the study of the molecular mechanism of sea urchins in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshu Han
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Wenpei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Yanglei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Shuchao Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Wanrong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Luo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
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3
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Ageing at Molecular Level: Role of MicroRNAs. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:195-248. [PMID: 36600135 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The progression of age triggers a vast number of diseases including cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Regardless of our plentiful knowledge about age-related diseases, little is understood about molecular pathways that associate the ageing process with various diseases. Several cellular events like senescence, telomere dysfunction, alterations in protein processing, and regulation of gene expression are common between ageing and associated diseases. Accumulating information on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) suggests targeting miRNAs can aid our understanding of the interplay between ageing and associated diseases. In the present chapter, we have attempted to explore the information available on the role of miRNAs in ageing of various tissues/organs and diseases and understand the molecular mechanism of ageing.
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Han L, Quan Z, Wu Y, Hao P, Wang W, Li Y, Zhang X, Liu P, Gao C, Wang H, Wang L, Zhang W, Yin D, Chang Y, Ding J. Expression Regulation Mechanisms of Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) Under the High Temperature: New Evidence for the miRNA-mRNA Interaction Involvement. Front Genet 2022; 13:876308. [PMID: 35846155 PMCID: PMC9277089 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.876308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of global warming and continuous high temperatures in the northern part of China during summer, the mortality rate of our main breeding species, Strongylocentrotus intermedius, reached 80% in 2020. How sea urchins respond to high temperatures is of great concern to academia and industry. In this study, we examined the antioxidant enzyme activities of different color tube-footed sea urchins under heat stress and compared their transcriptome and microRNA (miRNA) profiles using RNA-Seq. The results showed that the antioxidant enzyme activities of sea urchins were altered by thermal stress, and the changes in peroxidase activities of red tube-footed sea urchins were particularly significant. Investigations revealed that 1,079 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 11 DE miRNAs, and 104 “DE miRNA-DEG” pairs in total were detected in sea urchins under high temperature stress. Several mRNA and miRNAs were significantly changed (e.g. HSP70, DnaJ11, HYAL, CALR, miR-184-p5, miR-92a, miR-92c, and miR-124-p5), suggesting these genes and miRNAs exerted important functions in response to high temperature. At the transcriptional level, red tube-footed sea urchins were found to be more sensitive to high temperature and could respond to high temperature rapidly. DE miRNA-mRNA network showed that miR-92b-3p and PC-5p-7420 were the most corresponding miRNAs. Five mRNAs (DnaJ11, SAR1B, CALR, HYOU1, TUBA) may be potential markers of sea urchin response to high temperature. Possible interaction between miRNA-mRNA could be linked to protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, Phagosomes, and calcium transport. This study provides a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sea urchin heat tolerance and information that will aid in the selection and breeding of sea urchins with high temperature tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zijiao Quan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanglei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenpei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Luo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Donghong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Ding,
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5
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Islam MS, Khan MAAK. Computational analysis revealed miRNAs produced by Chikungunya virus target genes associated with antiviral immune responses and cell cycle regulation. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 92:107462. [PMID: 33640797 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) that causes chikungunya fever, is an alphavirus that belongs to the Togaviridae family containing a single-stranded RNA genome. Mosquitoes of the Aedes species act as the vectors for this virus and can be found in the blood, which can be passed from an infected person to a mosquito through mosquito bites. CHIKV has drawn much attention recently because of its potential of causing an epidemic. As the detailed mechanism of its pathogenesis inside the host system is still lacking, in this in silico research we have hypothesized that CHIKV might create miRNAs, which would target the genes associated with host cellular regulatory pathways, thereby providing the virus with prolonged refuge. Using bioinformatics approaches we found several putative miRNAs produced by CHIKV. Then we predicted the genes of the host targeted by these miRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis of these targeted genes shows the involvement of several biological pathways regulating antiviral immune stimulation, cellular proliferation, and cell cycle, thereby provide themselves with prolonged refuge and facilitate their pathogenesis, which in turn may lead to disease conditions. Finally, we analyzed a publicly available microarray dataset (GSE49985) to determine the altered expression levels of the targeted genes and found genes associated with pathways such as cell differentiation, phagocytosis, T-cell activation, response to cytokine, autophagy, Toll-like receptor signaling, RIG-I like receptor signaling and apoptosis. Our finding presents novel miRNAs and their targeted genes, which upon experimental validation could facilitate in developing new therapeutics to combat CHIKV infection and minimize CHIKV mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sajedul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Barishal, Barishal, 8254, Bangladesh.
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Queiroz FR, Portilho LG, Jeremias WDJ, Babá ÉH, do Amaral LR, Silva LM, Coelho PMZ, Caldeira RL, Gomes MDS. Deep sequencing of small RNAs reveals the repertoire of miRNAs and piRNAs in Biomphalaria glabrata. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e190498. [PMID: 32609280 PMCID: PMC7328434 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomphalaria glabrata snails are widely distributed in schistosomiasis endemic areas like America and Caribe, displaying high susceptibility to infection by Schistosoma mansoni. After the availability of B. glabrata genome and transcriptome data, studies focusing on genetic markers and small non-coding RNAs have become more relevant. The small RNAs have been considered important through their ability to finely regulate the gene expression in several organisms, thus controlling the functions like cell growth, metabolism, and susceptibility/resistance to infection. OBJECTIVE The present study aims on identification and characterisation of the repertoire of small non-coding RNAs in B. glabrata (Bgl-small RNAs). METHODS By using small RNA sequencing, bioinformatics tools and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we identified, characterised, and validated the presence of small RNAs in B. glabrata. FINDINGS 89 mature miRNAs were identified and five of them were classified as Mollusk-specific. When compared to model organisms, sequences of B. glabrata miRNAs showed a high degree of conservation. In addition, several target genes were predicted for all the mature miRNAs identified. Furthermore, piRNAs were identified in the genome of B. glabrata for the first time. The B. glabrata piRNAs showed strong conservation of uridine as first nucleotide at 5’ end, besides adenine at 10th position. Our results showed that B. glabrata has diverse repertoire of circulating ncRNAs, several which might be involved in mollusk susceptibility to infection, due to their potential roles in the regulation of S. mansoni development. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Further studies are necessary in order to confirm the role of the Bgl-small RNAs in the parasite/host relationship thus opening new perspectives on interference of small RNAs in the organism development and susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Ribeiro Queiroz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua Interação com o Hospedeiro, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Laysa Gomes Portilho
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Laboratório de Bioinformática e Análises Moleculares, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Élio Hideo Babá
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua Interação com o Hospedeiro, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Laurence Rodrigues do Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Laboratório de Bioinformática e Análises Moleculares, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rede Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Ciência e Tecnologia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
| | - Luciana Maria Silva
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Serviço de Biologia Celular do Departamento de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia do Schistosoma mansoni e sua Interação com o Hospedeiro, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Roberta Lima Caldeira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Pesquisa em Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Matheus de Souza Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Laboratório de Bioinformática e Análises Moleculares, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rede Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Ciência e Tecnologia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil
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7
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Dissecting miRNA facilitated physiology and function in human breast cancer for therapeutic intervention. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 72:46-64. [PMID: 32497683 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key epigenomic regulators of biological processes in animals and plants. These small non coding RNAs form a complex networks that regulate cellular function and development. MiRNAs prevent translation by either inactivation or inducing degradation of mRNA, a major concern in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Aberrant regulation of gene expression by miRNAs is frequently observed in cancer. Overexpression of various 'oncomiRs' and silencing of tumor suppressor miRNAs are associated with various types of human cancers, although overall downregulation of miRNA expression is reported as a hallmark of cancer. Modulations of the total pool of cellular miRNA by alteration in genetic and epigenetic factors associated with the biogenesis of miRNA machinery. It also depends on the availability of cellular miRNAs from its store in the organelles which affect tumor development and cancer progression. Here, we have dissected the roles and pathways of various miRNAs during normal cellular and molecular functions as well as during breast cancer progression. Recent research works and prevailing views implicate that there are two major types of miRNAs; (i) intracellular miRNAs and (ii) extracellular miRNAs. Concept, that the functions of intracellular miRNAs are driven by cellular organelles in mammalian cells. Extracellular miRNAs function in cell-cell communication in extracellular spaces and distance cells through circulation. A detailed understanding of organelle driven miRNA function and the precise role of extracellular miRNAs, pre- and post-therapeutic implications of miRNAs in this scenario would open several avenues for further understanding of miRNA function and can be better exploited for the treatment of breast cancers.
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Wang Y, Tian Y, Li Z, Zheng Z, Zhu L. miR-92 Regulates the Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and Apoptosis of Glioma Cells by Targeting Neogenin. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:283-291. [PMID: 32318624 PMCID: PMC7160221 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the pathological mechanism in regulating glioma progression. The expression of miR-92 and neogenin was evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The migration and invasion abilities were examined by transwell assays. The interaction between miR-92 and neogenin was conducted by dual-luciferase reporter system. As a result, we found that the expression of miR-92 was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Down-regulation of miR-92 inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted cell apoptosis rate of U251 and U87 cells. Notably, miR-92 was identified to directly target to 3’-UTR of neogenin. Furthermore, neogenin was down-regulated in glioma tissues and cells in a miR-92-correlated manner. Overexpression of neigenin could cause similar results to miR-92 knockdown in U251 and U87 cells. However, the silencing of neogenin partially reversed the effects of miR-92 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro. In conclusion, we clarified that miR-92 knockdown could suppress the malignant progression of glioma cells in vitro by targeting neogenin. Therefore, miR-92 could serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in glioma patients
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, the Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou 060000, Hebei, China
| | - Yaohui Tian
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, the Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou 060000, Hebei, China
| | - Zonghao Li
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, the Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou 060000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhaoke Zheng
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, the Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou 060000, Hebei, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- The Second Department of Neurosurgery, the Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou 060000, Hebei, China
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Islam MS, Khan MAAK, Murad MW, Karim M, Islam ABMMK. In silico analysis revealed Zika virus miRNAs associated with viral pathogenesis through alteration of host genes involved in immune response and neurological functions. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1584-1594. [PMID: 31095749 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concurrent Zika Virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in the United States and Northeast Brazil have evoked global surveillance. Zika infection has been correlated with severe clinical symptoms, such as microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and other congenital brain abnormalities. Recent data suggest that ZIKV predominantly targets neural progenitor cells leading to neurological impairment. Despite the clinical evidence, detailed experimental mechanism of ZIKV neurotropic pathogenesis has not been fully understood yet. Here we hypothesized that ZIKV produces miRNAs, which target essential host genes involved in various cellular pathways facilitating their survival through immune evasion and progression of disease during brain development. METHODS From genome sequence information using several bioinformatic tools, we predicted pri-miRNAs, pre-miRNAs, and finally the mature miRNAs produced by ZIKV. We also identified their target genes and performed functional enrichment analysis to identify the biological processes associated with these genes. Finally, we analyzed a publicly available RNA-seq data set to determine the altered expression level of the targeted genes. RESULTS From ZIKV genome sequence, we identified and validated 47 putative novel miRNAs. Functional enrichment of the targeted genes demonstrates the involvement of various biological pathways regulating cellular signaling, neurological functions, cancer, and fetal development. The expression analysis of these genes showed that ZIKV-produced miRNAs downregulate the key genes involved in these pathways, which in turn may lead to impaired brain development. CONCLUSIONS Our finding proposes novel ZIKV miRNAs and their targets, which upon experimental validation could help developing new therapeutics to combat ZIKV infection and minimize ZIKV-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sajedul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Wahid Murad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marwah Karim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Castro K, Ntranos A, Amatruda M, Petracca M, Kosa P, Chen EY, Morstein J, Trauner D, Watson CT, Kiebish MA, Bielekova B, Inglese M, Katz Sand I, Casaccia P. Body Mass Index in Multiple Sclerosis modulates ceramide-induced DNA methylation and disease course. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:392-410. [PMID: 30981648 PMCID: PMC6557766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) results from genetic predisposition and environmental variables, including elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) in early life. This study addresses the effect of BMI on the epigenome of monocytes and disease course in MS. METHODS Fifty-four therapy-naive Relapsing Remitting (RR) MS patients with high and normal BMI received clinical and MRI evaluation. Blood samples were immunophenotyped, and processed for unbiased plasma lipidomic profiling and genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of circulating monocytes. The main findings at baseline were validated in an independent cohort of 91 therapy-naïve RRMS patients. Disease course was evaluated by a two-year longitudinal follow up and mechanistic hypotheses tested in human cell cultures and in animal models of MS. FINDINGS Higher monocytic counts and plasma ceramides, and hypermethylation of genes involved in negative regulation of cell proliferation were detected in the high BMI group of MS patients compared to normal BMI. Ceramide treatment of monocytic cell cultures increased proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and was prevented by DNA methylation inhibitors. The high BMI group of MS patients showed a negative correlation between monocytic counts and brain volume. Those subjects at a two-year follow-up showed increased T1 lesion load, increased disease activity, and worsened clinical disability. Lastly, the relationship between body weight, monocytic infiltration, DNA methylation and disease course was validated in mouse models of MS. INTERPRETATION High BMI negatively impacts disease course in Multiple Sclerosis by modulating monocyte cell number through ceramide-induced DNA methylation of anti-proliferative genes. FUND: This work was supported by funds from the Friedman Brain Institute, NIH, and Multiple Sclerosis Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilah Castro
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Achilles Ntranos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Mario Amatruda
- Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of The City University of New York and Inter-Institutional Center for Glial Biology at Icahn School of Medicine New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Petracca
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter Kosa
- Neuroimmunological Disease Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Emily Y Chen
- BERG, LLC. Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | | | - Bibiana Bielekova
- Neuroimmunological Disease Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Ilana Katz Sand
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America; Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center of The City University of New York and Inter-Institutional Center for Glial Biology at Icahn School of Medicine New York, New York, United States of America.
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11
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Lakshmanachetty S, Balaiya V, High WA, Koster MI. Loss of TP63 Promotes the Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Activating MAPK and STAT3 Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1279-1293. [PMID: 30910837 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
TP63 is frequently amplified or overexpressed in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Nevertheless, the role of TP63 in the initiation and progression of HNSCCs is not known. Using archival HNSCC tissue sections, we found that TP63 expression is often downregulated in late-stage human HNSCCs. To establish a causal link between TP63 loss and HNSCC tumorigenesis, we developed a genetically engineered mouse model in which Trp63 (the mouse homolog of human TP63) was ablated from head and neck epithelia. Upon exposure of the mice to a chemical carcinogen, we found that Trp63 ablation accelerated HNSCC initiation and progression. To determine whether these findings are relevant for human HNSCCs, we generated TP63 knockdown HNSCC cell lines. These cells were implanted into the tongue of athymic nude mice to generate orthotopic xenografts. We found that loss of TP63 promoted HNSCC progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we determined that tumor metastasis is dependent on MAPK activation in TP63 knockdown HNSCCs. The significance of these findings is underscored by our finding that pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK activity by trametinib drastically impaired HNSCC metastasis mediated by TP63 loss. In conclusion, our data provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of TP63 loss in HNSCC initiation and progression, and provide a rationale for the development of new therapeutic approaches specifically targeting TP63-dependent tumor pathways. IMPLICATIONS: Our findings uncover a novel functional role for TP63 loss in HNSCC metastasis and identify MAPK signaling as a potential therapeutic target for treating HNSCCs with low TP63 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilnath Lakshmanachetty
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Velmurugan Balaiya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Whitney A High
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Maranke I Koster
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado. .,Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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12
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Liu L, Zhu W, Liu J, Wang S, Jiang J. Identification and differential regulation of microRNAs during thyroid hormone-dependent metamorphosis in Microhyla fissipes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:507. [PMID: 29954327 PMCID: PMC6025837 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anuran metamorphosis, which is obligatorily initiated and sustained by thyroid hormone (TH), is a dramatic example of extensive morphological, biochemical and cellular changes occurring during post-embryonic development. Thus, it provides an ideal model to understand the actions of the hormone and molecular mechanisms underlying these developmental and apoptotic processes. In addition to transcriptional factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in diverse biological processes via post-transcriptional repression of mRNAs. However, the possible role of miRNAs in anuran metamorphosis is not well understood. Screening and identification of TH-responding miRNAs are required to reveal the integrated regulatory mechanisms of TH during metamorphosis. Given the specific role of TRs during M. fissipes metamorphosis and the characteristics of M. fissipes as an ideal model, Illumina sequencing technology was employed to get a full scope of miRNA in M. fissipes metamorphosis treated by T3. RESULTS Morphological and histological analysis revealed that 24 h T3 treatment M. fissipes tadpoles resembled that at the climax of natural metamorphosis. Thus, small RNA libraries were constructed from control and 24 h T3 treatment groups. A total of 164 conserved miRNAs and 36 predicted novel miRNAs were characterized. Furthermore, 5' first and ninth nucleotides of miRNAs were significantly enriched in U in our study. In all, 21 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the T3 and control groups (p < 0.01). A total of 10,206 unigenes were identified as target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the most overrepresented miRNA target genes were enriched in the "PI3k-Akt signaling pathway". In addition, a network associated with the TH signaling pathway provides an opportunity to further understand the complex biological processes that occur in metamorphosis. CONCLUSIONS We identified a large number of miRNAs during M. fissipes metamorphosis, and 21 of them were differentially expressed in the two groups that represented two different metamorphic stages. These miRNAs may play important roles during metamorphosis. The study gives us clues for further studies of the mechanisms of anuran metamorphosis and provides a model to study the mechanism of TH-affected biological processes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusha Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jiongyu Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Shouhong Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
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13
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Cell type‐dependent functions of microRNA‐92a. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5798-5804. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Negative feedback between TAp63 and Mir-133b mediates colorectal cancer suppression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:87147-87160. [PMID: 27894087 PMCID: PMC5349978 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TAp63 is known as the most potent transcription activator and tumor suppressor. microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized as essential components of the p63 pathway, mediating downstream post-transcriptional gene repression. The aim of present study was to investigate a negative feedback loop between TAp63 and miR-133b. Results Overexpression of TAp63 inhibited HCT-116 cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion via miR-133b. Accordingly, miR-133b inhibited TAp63 expression through RhoA and its downstream pathways. Moreover, we demonstrated that TAp63/miR-133b could inhibit colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis in vivo and vitro. Materials and Methods We evaluated the correlation between TAp63 and miR-133b in HCT-116 cells and investigated the roles of the TAp63/miR-133b feedback loop in cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis via MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell, and nude mouse xenograft experiments. The expression of TAp63, miR-133b, RhoA, α-tubulin and Akt was assessed via qRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. miR-133b target genes were identified through luciferase reporter assays. Conclusions miR-133b plays an important role in the anti-tumor effects of TAp63 in colorectal cancer. miR-133b may represent a tiemolecule between TAp63 and RhoA, forming a TAp63/miR-133b/RhoA negative feedback loop, which could significantly inhibit proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis.
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15
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Expression of VHL tumor suppressor mRNA and miR-92a in papillary thyroid carcinoma and their correlation with clinical and pathological parameters. Med Oncol 2018; 35:17. [PMID: 29340905 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a role of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Our previous study of VHL in PTCs showed that lower VHL expression was associated with aggressive tumor features, but we found no evidence for VHL downregulation through common genetic or epigenetic modifications. Several studies pointed to a role of microRNA-92a (miR-92a) in the regulation of VHL expression in different cancers. In the present study, we examined the expression levels of VHL mRNA and miR-92a in 42 pairs of PTCs and matched non-tumor thyroid tissues by means of quantitative RT-PCR. We explored the correlation between them and their association with clinicopathological parameters. The results revealed that both VHL and miR-92a were either up- or downregulated in PTCs compared to corresponding non-tumor tissues. On univariate analysis, lower VHL levels were significantly associated with extrathyroid spread (P = 0.022) and capsular invasion (P = 0.032). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association of low VHL with extrathyroid spread (OR 0.246, 95% CI 0.069-0.872, P = 0.038). Higher miR-92a among PTC tissues associated with the presence of nodal metastases (univariate analysis: P = 0.012; multivariate: OR 4.703, 95% CI 1.109-19.938, P = 0.036). A negative correlation between VHL and miR-92a was observed in a subgroup of PTCs having vascular invasion (P = 0.033, r = - 0.673). The data here reported demonstrate that the expression of both VHL and miR-92a is deregulated in PTC tissues and that in some PTCs they may have opposite roles. These roles, as well as their diagnostic and/or prognostic utility, remain to be clarified.
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16
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Lv M, Chen H, Shao Y, Li C, Zhang W, Zhao X, Jin C, Xiong J. miR-92a regulates coelomocytes apoptosis in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus via targeting Aj14-3-3ζ in vivo. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:211-217. [PMID: 28860073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
miR-92a, a well-documented oncogene, was previously found to be differentially expressed in diseased sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus by high-throughput sequencing. In this study, we identified Aj14-3-3ζ as a novel target of miR-92a in this species and investigated their regulatory roles in vivo. The negative expression profiles between miR-92a and Aj14-3-3ζ protein were detected in both LPS-exposed primary coelomocytes and Vibrio splendidus-challenged sea cucumbers. Over-expression of miR-92a by injection of miR-92a agomir significantly depressed the mRNA and protein expression of Aj14-3-3ζ and promoted coelomocytes apoptosis with 5.04-fold increase in vivo, which was consistent with those from siRNA-mediated Aj14-3-3ζ knockdown assay. In contrast, miR-92a antagomir significantly elevated the mRNA and protein expression of Aj14-3-3ζ and decreased coelomocytes apoptosis. Taken together, our result confirmed that miR-92a is involved in apoptotic signaling pathway regulation perhaps via targeting Aj14-3-3ζ in sea cucumbers, which will enhance our understanding of miR-92a regulatory roles in sea cucumber pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Lv
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Huahui Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Chunhua Jin
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Jinbo Xiong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, PR China
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17
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Mao G, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Chen W, Huang G, Meng F, Zhang Z, Kang Y. MicroRNA-92a-3p regulates the expression of cartilage-specific genes by directly targeting histone deacetylase 2 in chondrogenesis and degradation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:521-532. [PMID: 27884646 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased activity of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) has been found in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and cartilage matrix degradation and has been shown to mediate the repression of cartilage-specific gene expression in human chondrocytes. We aimed to determine whether microRNA-92a-3p (miR-92a-3p) regulates cartilage-specific gene expression via targeted HDAC2 in chondrogenesis and degradation. METHODS miR-92a-3p expression was assessed in vitro in a human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) model of chondrogenesis and in normal and OA primary human chondrocytes (PHCs), and in normal and OA human cartilage by in situ hybridization. hMSCs and PHCs were transfected with miR-92a-3p or its antisense inhibitor (anti-miR-92a-3p), respectively. PHCs were transfected with miR-92a-3p or anti-miR-92a-3p for 24 h before chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was performed with anti-ac-H3 antibody. Direct interaction between miR-92a-3p and its putative binding site in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of HDAC2 mRNA was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS miR-92a-3p expression was elevated in chondrogenic and hypertrophic hMSC, while reduced in OA cartilage compared with normal cartilage. The overexpression of miR-92a-3p suppressed the activity of a reporter construct containing the 3'-UTR and inhibited HDAC2 expression in both hMSCs and PHCs, while treatment with anti-miR-92a-3p enhanced HDAC2 expression. ChIP assays showed that miR-92a-3p enhances H3 acetylation on aggrecan (ACAN), cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP) and Col2a1 promoter, and also promotes relative cartilage matrix expression. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-92a-3p regulates cartilage development and homeostasis, which directly targets HDAC2, indicating histone hyperacetylation plays an important role in increased expression of cartilage matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mao
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Z Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - W Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - G Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - F Meng
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Y Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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18
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Dmello C, Sawant S, Alam H, Gangadaran P, Mogre S, Tiwari R, D’Souza Z, Narkar M, Thorat R, Patil K, Chaukar D, Kane S, Vaidya M. Vimentin regulates differentiation switch via modulation of keratin 14 levels and their expression together correlates with poor prognosis in oral cancer patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172559. [PMID: 28225793 PMCID: PMC5321444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein, predominantly expressed in cells of mesenchymal origin, although its aberrant expression is seen in many carcinomas during epithelial mesenchymal transition. In cancer, vimentin expression is associated with the transition from a more differentiated epithelial phenotype to a dedifferentiated state. In view of the perceived role of keratins (Ks) as regulators of differentiation in epithelia, it was important to understand whether vimentin modulates differentiation through the reprogramming of keratins, in transformed cells. To address this, vimentin was stably downregulated in oral cancer derived cells. Further, global keratin profiling was performed after high salt keratin extraction. K5/K14 pair was found to be significantly downregulated, both at protein and mRNA levels upon vimentin downregulation. The previous study from our laboratory has shown a role of the K5/K14 pair in proliferation and differentiation of squamous epithelial cells. Vimentin depleted cells showed an increase in the differentiation state, marked by an increase in the levels of differentiation specific markers K1, involucrin, filaggrin and loricrin while its proliferation status remained unchanged. Rescue experiments with the K5/K14 pair overexpressed in vimentin knockdown background resulted in decreased differentiation state. ΔNp63 emerged as one of the indirect targets of vimentin, through which it modulates the expression levels of K5/K14. Further, immunohistochemistry showed a significant correlation between high vimentin-K14 expression and recurrence/poor survival in oral cancer patients. Thus, in conclusion, vimentin regulates the differentiation switch via modulation of K5/K14 expression. Moreover, vimentin-K14 together may prove to be the novel markers for the prognostication of human oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crismita Dmello
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sharada Sawant
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Hunain Alam
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Saie Mogre
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Richa Tiwari
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Zinia D’Souza
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Manish Narkar
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Komal Patil
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Devendra Chaukar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- Surgical Oncology, Head and Neck Unit, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubhada Kane
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Milind Vaidya
- Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training school complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail:
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Stacy AJ, Craig MP, Sakaram S, Kadakia M. ΔNp63α and microRNAs: leveraging the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:2114-2129. [PMID: 27924063 PMCID: PMC5356785 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular reprogramming mechanism that is an underlying cause of cancer metastasis. Recent investigations have uncovered an intricate network of regulation involving the TGFβ, Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways and small regulatory RNA species called microRNAs (miRNAs). The activity of a transcription factor vital to the maintenance of epithelial stemness, ΔNp63α, has been shown to modulate the activity of these EMT pathways to either repress or promote EMT. Furthermore, ΔNp63α is a known regulator of miRNA, including those directly involved in EMT. This review discusses the evidence of ΔNp63α as a master regulator of EMT components and miRNA, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of its role in EMT. This expanded knowledge may provide a basis for new developments in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Stacy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Michael P. Craig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Suraj Sakaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Madhavi Kadakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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20
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Presslauer C, Bizuayehu TT, Razmi K, Fernandes JMO, Babiak I. See-Thru-Gonad zebrafish line: developmental and functional validation. Reproduction 2016; 152:507-17. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are an important model species in developmental biology. However, their potential in reproductive biology research has yet to be realized. In this study, we established See-Thru-Gonad zebrafish, a transparent line with fluorescently labeled germ cells visible throughout the life cycle, validated its gonadal development features, and demonstrated its applicability by performing a targeted gene knockdown experiment using vivo-morpholinos (VMOs). To establish the line, we crossed the zf45Tg and mitfaw2/w2; mpv17b18/b18 zebrafish lines. We documented the in vivo visibility of the germline-specific fluorescent signal throughout development, from gametes through embryonic and juvenile stages up to sexual maturity, and validated gonadal development with histology. We performed targeted gene knockdown of the microRNA (miRNA) miR-92a-3p through injection of VMOs directly to maturing ovaries. After the treatment, zebrafish were bred naturally. Embryos from miR-92a-3p knockdown ovaries had a significant reduction in relative miR-92a-3p expression and a higher percentage of developmental arrest at the 1-cell stage as compared with 5-base mismatch-treated controls. The experiment demonstrates that See-Thru-Gonad line can be successfully used for vertical transmission of the effects of targeted gene knockdown in ovaries into their offspring.
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21
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Zhang Y, Xu Z, Wu Q, Peng M, Liu Y, Liu X, Shi L, Shen G, Pan Y, He L. Identification of Differentially Expressed microRNAs between the Fenpropathrin Resistant and Susceptible Strains in Tetranychus cinnabarinus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152924. [PMID: 27050424 PMCID: PMC4822788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) is one of the most serious pests on crops and its control mainly depends on chemical acaricides. The excessive and improper acaricides use has resulted in mite resistance to many acaricides, including fenpropathrin. Previous studies have indicated fenpropathrin resistance is a complex development process involving many genes, but information on resistance mechanism of post-transcription regulation is rare. Using Illumina sequencing, several categories of sRNAs were identified from susceptible (TS) and fenpropathrin-resistant strains (TR) of T. cinnabarinus, including 75 known microRNAs (miRNAs) and 64 novel miRNAs, whose target genes containing 78592 miRNA-target pairs were predicted by 6 algorithms. Also, 12 significantly differently expressed miRNAs were identified between the TS and TR libraries and RT-qPCR validation also performed a well consistency with sequencing. The targets of significantly differentially expressed miRNAs included 7 glutathione S-transferase, 7 cytochrome P450 and 16 carboxyl/choline esterase genes, their function in fenpropathrin resistance were further analyzed. The present study provides the firstly large-scale characterization of miRNAs in T. cinnabarinus and the comparison between TS and TR strains gives a clue on how miRNA involves in fenpropathrin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Shi
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangmao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Pan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Blockage of miR-92a-3p with locked nucleic acid induces apoptosis and prevents cell proliferation in human acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 23:29-35. [PMID: 26658357 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In many cancers, up- or downregulation of different miRNAs is reported. In acute myeloid leukemia, upregulation of miR-92a-3p was reported in human in vitro studies. We performed blockage of miR-29a-3p in human acute megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line (M-07e) by using locked nucleic acid (LNA) and cell proliferation; apoptosis and necrosis were assessed. At different time points after LNA-anti-miR92a-3p transfection, miR-92a-3p quantitation was assessed by qRT-real-time PCR, MTT assay and annexin/propidium iodide staining were performed. The data were processed using the ANOVA test. At all three time points, the expression of miR-92a-3p was lower in the LNA-anti-miR group compared with the control groups. Cell viability between LNA-Anti-miR and the control group was statistically significant. Blockage of miR-92a-3p was associated with increment of the ratio of apoptotic cells in the LNA-anti-miR group was higher than the other group. The ratio of necrotic cells in the LNA-antimiR group was higher than the other groups. These assessments indicate that miR-92a-3p blockage can decrease the viability of M-07e cells, which is mainly due to induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Our findings could open up a path to a miRNA based therapeutic approach for treatment of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.
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Smith L, Baxter EW, Chambers PA, Green CA, Hanby AM, Hughes TA, Nash CE, Millican-Slater RA, Stead LF, Verghese ET, Speirs V. Down-Regulation of miR-92 in Breast Epithelial Cells and in Normal but Not Tumour Fibroblasts Contributes to Breast Carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139698. [PMID: 26437339 PMCID: PMC4593575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miR) expression is commonly dysregulated in many cancers, including breast. MiR-92 is one of six miRs encoded by the miR-17-92 cluster, one of the best-characterised oncogenic miR clusters. We examined expression of miR-92 in the breast epithelium and stroma during breast cancer progression. We also investigated the role of miR-92 in fibroblasts in vitro and showed that down-regulation in normal fibroblasts enhances the invasion of breast cancer epithelial cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used laser microdissection (LMD) to isolate epithelial cells from matched normal, DCIS and invasive tissue from 9 breast cancer patients and analysed miR-92 expression by qRT-PCR. Expression of ERβ1, a direct miR-92 target, was concurrently analysed for each case by immunohistochemistry. LMD was also used to isolate matched normal (NFs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from 14 further cases. Effects of miR-92 inhibition in fibroblasts on epithelial cell invasion in vitro was examined using a Matrigel™ assay. miR-92 levels decreased in microdissected epithelial cells during breast cancer progression with highest levels in normal breast epithelium, decreasing in DCIS (p<0.01) and being lowest in invasive breast tissue (p<0.01). This was accompanied by a shift in cell localisation of ERβ1 from nuclear expression in normal breast epithelium to increased cytoplasmic expression during progression to DCIS (p = 0.0078) and invasive breast cancer (p = 0.031). ERβ1 immunoreactivity was also seen in stromal fibroblasts in tissues. Where miR-92 expression was low in microdissected NFs this increased in matched CAFs; a trend also seen in cultured primary fibroblasts. Down-regulation of miR-92 levels in NFs but not CAFs enhanced invasion of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-92 is gradually lost in breast epithelial cells during cancer progression correlating with a shift in ERβ1 immunoreactivity from nuclei to the cytoplasm. Our data support a functional role in fibroblasts where modification of miR-92 expression can influence the invasive capacity of breast cancer epithelial cells. However in silico analysis suggests that ERβ1 may not be the most important miR-92 target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Smith
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Euan W. Baxter
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A. Chambers
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A. Green
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Hanby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Hughes
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E. Nash
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lucy F. Stead
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eldo T. Verghese
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Lin C, Li X, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Zhou J, Gao K, Dai J, Hu G, Lv L, Du J, Zhang Y. The microRNA feedback regulation of p63 in cancer progression. Oncotarget 2015; 6:8434-53. [PMID: 25726529 PMCID: PMC4496160 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 is a member of the p53 gene family that plays a complex role in cancer due to its involvement in epithelial differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. MicroRNAs are a class of small, non-coding RNAs with an important regulatory role in various cellular processes, as well as in the development and progression of cancer. A number of microRNAs have been shown to function as transcriptional targets of p63. Conversely, microRNAs also can modulate the expression and activity of p63. However, the p63-microRNA regulatory circuit has not been addressed in depth so far. Here, computational genomic analysis was performed using miRtarBase, Targetscan, microRNA.ORG, DIANA-MICROT, RNA22-HSA and miRDB to analyze miRNA binding to the 3'UTR of p63. JASPAR (profile score threshold 80%) and TFSEARCH datasets were used to search transcriptional start sites for p53/p63 response elements. Remarkably, these data revealed 63 microRNAs that targeted p63. Furthermore, there were 39 microRNAs targeting p63 that were predicted to be regulated by p63. These analyses suggest a crosstalk between p63 and microRNAs. Here, we discuss the crosstalk between p63 and the microRNA network, and the role of their interactions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yihang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lv Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Siengdee P, Trakooljul N, Murani E, Brand B, Schwerin M, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. Pre- and post-natal muscle microRNA expression profiles of two pig breeds differing in muscularity. Gene 2015; 561:190-8. [PMID: 25724393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs regulate the expression of target genes in diverse cellular processes and hence play important roles in physiological processes including developmental timing, patterning, embryogenesis, organogenesis, cell lineage, myogenesis and growth control. A comparative expression analysis of miRNAs expressed in the longissimus dorsi muscle at two prenatal stages (63 and 91 days post-conception (dpc)), and one adult stage (180 days post-natum) in both German Landrace (DL) and Pietrain (Pi) pig breeds was performed using a custom-designed array. During the prenatal stages, miR-199 and the miR-17 families were significantly up-regulated at 63 dpc, whereas miR-1 and miR-133a were overexpressed at 91 dpc. The abundance of several miRNAs was increased in the adult stage compared to 91 dpc including miR-1, miR-133, miR-22(a/b) and miR-29a. Some miRNAs were breed-specific, such as miR-199 and the miR-17 families which were all up-regulated in Pi pigs, while miR-133, miR-181 and miR-214 were up-regulated in DL pigs. Several pathways related to muscle development were enriched with predicted targets for the differentially expressed miRNAs. The dynamic expression and breed-associated regulation of porcine muscle miRNAs suggests a functional role for miRNA-mediated gene regulation during muscle development and phenotypic variations of muscle traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puntita Siengdee
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Functional Genomics, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Molecular Biology 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Molecular Biology 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Bodo Brand
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Functional Genomics, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Manfred Schwerin
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Functional Genomics, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Molecular Biology 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Functional Genomics, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Yoh K, Prywes R. Pathway Regulation of p63, a Director of Epithelial Cell Fate. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:51. [PMID: 25972840 PMCID: PMC4412127 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53-related gene p63 is required for epithelial cell establishment and its expression is often altered in tumor cells. Great strides have been made in understanding the pathways and mechanisms that regulate p63 levels, such as the Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, and EGFR pathways. We discuss here the multiple signaling pathways that control p63 expression as well as transcription factors and post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate p63 levels. While a unified picture has not emerged, it is clear that the fine-tuning of p63 has evolved to carefully control epithelial cell differentiation and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Yoh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ron Prywes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Ron Prywes, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Fairchild 813A, MC2420, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA,
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MicroRNAs in human skin ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 17:9-15. [PMID: 24784027 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The skin protects humans from the surrounding environment. Tissues undergo continuous renewal throughout an individual's lifetime; however, there is a decline in the regenerative potential of tissue with age. The accumulation of senescent cells over time probably reduces tissue regenerative capacity and contributes to the physiological ageing of the tissue itself. The mechanisms that govern ageing remain unclear and are under intense investigation, and insight could be gained by studying the mechanisms involved in cellular senescence. In vitro, keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts undergo senescence in response to multiple cellular stresses, including the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and the shortening of telomeres, or simply by reaching the end of their replicative potential (i.e., reaching replicative senescence). Recent findings demonstrate that microRNAs play key roles in regulating the balance between a cell's proliferative capacity and replicative senescence. Here, we will focus on the molecular mechanisms regulated by senescence-associated microRNAs and their validated targets in both keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.
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28
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Liang WC, Wang Y, Xiao LJ, Wang YB, Fu WM, Wang WM, Jiang HQ, Qi W, Wan DCC, Zhang JF, Waye MMY. Identification of miRNAs that specifically target tumor suppressive KLF6-FL rather than oncogenic KLF6-SV1 isoform. RNA Biol 2014; 11:845-54. [PMID: 24921656 DOI: 10.4161/rna.29356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Krüppel like factor 6 (KLF6) gene encodes multiple protein isoforms derived from alternative mRNA splicing, most of which are intimately involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor progression. Recent bioinformatics analysis shows that alternative mRNA splicing of the KLF6 gene produces around 16 alternatively spliced variants with divergent or even opposing functions. Intriguingly, the full-length KLF6 (KLF6-FL) is a tumor suppressor gene frequently inactivated in liver cancer, whereas KLF6 splice variant 1 (KLF6-SV1) is an oncogenic isoform with antagonistic function against KLF6-FL. Compelling evidence indicates that miRNA, the small endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA), acts as a vital player in modulating a variety of cellular biological processes through targeting different mRNA regions of protein-coding genes. To identify the potential miRNAs specifically targeting KLF6-FL, we utilized bioinformatics analysis in combination with the luciferase reporter assays and screened out two miRNAs, namely miR-210 and miR-1301, specifically targeted the tumor suppressive KLF6-FL rather than the oncogenic KLF6-SV1. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that stable expression of KLF6-FL inhibited cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis while overexpression of miR-1301 promoted cell migration and angiogenesis. Further experiments demonstrated that miR-1301 was highly expressed in liver cancer cell lines as well as clinical specimens and we also identified the potential methylation and histone acetylation for miR-1301 gene. To sum up, our findings unveiled a novel molecular mechanism that specific miRNAs promoted tumorigenesis by targeting the tumor suppressive isoform KLF6-FL rather than its oncogenic isoform KLF6-SV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Liang
- Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jia Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanshan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, 518052, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bing Wang
- Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Mao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Qing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 230000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 230000, P.R. China
| | - David Chi-Cheong Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Mary Miu-Yee Waye
- Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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Candi E, Agostini M, Melino G, Bernassola F. How the TP53 family proteins TP63 and TP73 contribute to tumorigenesis: regulators and effectors. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:702-14. [PMID: 24488880 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the p53 family comprises two additional members, p63 and p73 (hereafter referred to as TP53, TP63, and TP73, respectively). The usage of two alternative promoters produces protein variants either with (transactivating [TA] isoforms) or without (ΔN isoforms) the N-terminal transactivation domain (TAD). In general, the TA proteins exert TP53-like tumor-suppressive activities through their ability to activate a common set of target genes. The ΔN proteins can act as dominant-negative inhibitors of the transcriptionally active family members. Additionally, they possess intrinsic-specific biological activities due to the presence of alternative TADs, and as a result of engaging a different set of regulators. This review summarizes the current understanding of upstream regulators and downstream effectors of the TP53 family proteins, with particular emphasis on those that are relevant for their role in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we highlight the existence of networks and cross-talks among the TP53 family members, their modulators, as well as the transcriptional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
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30
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Sethi S, Li Y, Sarkar FH. Regulating miRNA by natural agents as a new strategy for cancer treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2014; 14:1167-74. [PMID: 23834152 DOI: 10.2174/13894501113149990189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-strand non-coding endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression by multiple mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that miRNAs are critically involved in the pathogenesis, evolution, and progression of cancer. The miRNAs are also crucial for the regulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, miRNAs are known to control the processes of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of cancer cells. This evidence suggests that miRNAs could serve as targets in cancer treatment, and as such manipulating miRNAs could be useful for the killing CSCs or reversal of EMT phenotype of cancer cells. Hence, targeting miRNAs, which are deregulated in cancer, could be a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Recently, the regulation of miRNAs by natural, nontoxic chemopreventive agents including curcumin, resveratrol, isoflavones, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), lycopene, 3,3'- diindolylmethane (DIM), and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) has been described. Therefore, natural agents could inhibit cancer progression, increase drug sensitivity, reverse EMT, and prevent metastasis though modulation of miRNAs, which will provide a newer therapeutic approach for cancer treatment especially when combined with conventional therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajiv Sethi
- Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Sharifi M, Salehi R, Gheisari Y, Kazemi M. Inhibition of microRNA miR-92a induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in human acute promyelocytic leukemia through modulation of p63 expression. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2799-808. [PMID: 24481878 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs, 19-25 nucleotides in length involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression of great majority of the human protein coding genes. Different aspects of cellular activities like cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation are regulated by miRNAs through their interaction with particular RNA species. In many tumors up or down-regulation of different miRNAs has been reported. Human miR-17-92 gene cluster is located on 13q31.3, rooming several miRNAs including miR-17-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-18, miR-19a, miR-20a and miR-92a. Amplification or overexpression of this cluster has been reported in acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and several other cancer types. Here, we performed inhibition of miR-92a in an acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell line (HL-60) using locked nucleic acid (LNA) antagomir. In different time points after LNA-anti-miR92a transfection, MTT assay and annexin/propidium iodide staining were performed. These assessments indicate that miR-92a inhibition can extensively decrease the viability of these cells which is mainly due to induction of apoptosis. Western blot analysis of p63 protein also revealed that miR-92a inhibition resulted in p63 expression, hence activation of cellular pathways which are normally controlled by p63 protein are retrieved. These findings could open up a path to the miRNAs based therapeutic approach for treatment of APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81744-176, Isfahan, Iran
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Sharifi M, Salehi R, Gheisari Y, Kazemi M. Inhibition of microRNA miR-92a induces apoptosis and necrosis in human acute promyelocytic leukemia. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:61. [PMID: 24627869 PMCID: PMC3950842 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.125826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs, 19-25 nucleotides in length, involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in a considerable majority of mRNAs. Different aspects of cellular activities like cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation are regulated by miRNAs through their regulatory effects on particular RNA species. In many tumors, up- or down-regulation of different miRNAs has been reported. In acute myeloid leukemia, up-regulation of miR-92a has been reported in human in-vitro studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed inhibition of miR-92a in an acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60), using locked nucleic acid (LNA) Antagomir. At different time points after LNA-anti-miR92a transfection, qRT-Real-Time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Annexin-V/Propidium Iodide staining were performed and the data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS The assessment of the apoptosis and necrosis indicates that miR-92a inhibition can decrease the viable HL-60 cells and this is at least partially due to induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the inhibition of miR-92a as a novel approach for treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Identification and profiling of sex-biased microRNAs from sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus gonad by Solexa deep sequencing. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2014; 10:1-8. [PMID: 24486540 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by post-transcriptional repression of messenger RNA. The echinoderm, Strongylocentrotus nudus, is an excellent model organism for studying development and commercially important as a food source. However, to date no miRNAs have been reported to modulate sex gonad differentiation in S. nudus. In this study, we constructed two small RNA libraries from male and female S. nudus gonad respectively for Solexa sequencing. A total of 184 miRNAs including 60 known and 124 novel miRNAs were identified from the two libraries. Furthermore, the nucleotide bias and end variation of the known miRNAs were also analyzed. In addition, 67 differently expressed of the 86 co-expressed and 98 gender-specific (47 male-specific and 51 female-specific) miRNAs that may be involved in sexual differentiation were found by comparing the miRNA expression profiles in the two libraries. This study reveals the first miRNA profile related to the gonad differentiation of the S. nudus. This study gives a first insight into sex differences in miRNA expression of sea urchin which could facilitate studies of the reproductive organ-specific roles of miRNAs.
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In silico prediction and in vivo validation of Daphnia pulex microRNAs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83708. [PMID: 24400076 PMCID: PMC3882220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Daphnia pulex, the crustacean with the first sequenced genome, is an important organism that has been widely used in ecological and toxicological research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21–25 nucleotide small non-coding RNAs that are involved in a myriad of physiological processes. In this research, we predicted 75 D. pulex miRNAs by sequence homology and secondary structure identification from the full genome sequence. Fourteen predicted miRNAs were selected for quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) validation. Out of these, eight (mir-8, mir-9, mir-12, mir-92, mir-100, mir-133, mir-153 and mir-283) were successfully amplified and validated. Next, expression levels were quantified at three different life stages (days 4, 8 and 12 of age) using U6 spliceosomal RNA as a reference gene. The expression of mir-8, mir-9, mir-12, mir-92 and mir-100 significantly differed across time suggesting these microRNAs might play a critical role during D. pulex development. This is the first study to identify and validate miRNAs in D. pulex, which is an important first step in further studies that evaluate their roles in development and response to environmental and ecological stimuli.
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Yi S, Gao ZX, Zhao H, Zeng C, Luo W, Chen B, Wang WM. Identification and characterization of microRNAs involved in growth of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) by Solexa sequencing. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:754. [PMID: 24188211 PMCID: PMC3827868 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) is an economically important fish species in the Chinese freshwater polyculture system for its delicacy and high economic value. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulation of almost all biological processes in eukaryotes. Although previous studies have identified thousands of miRNAs from many species, little information is known for miRNAs of M. amblycephala. To investigate functions of miRNAs associated with growth of M. amblycephala, we adopted the Solexa sequencing technology to sequence two small RNA libraries prepared from four growth related tissues (brain, pituitary, liver and muscle) of M. amblycephala using individuals with relatively high and low growth rates. Results In this study, we have identified 347 conserved miRNAs (belonging to 123 families) and 22 novel miRNAs in M. amblycephala. Moreover, we observed sequence variants and seed edits of the miRNAs. Of the 5,166 single nucleotide substitutions observed in two libraries, the most abundant were G-to-U (15.9%), followed by U-to-C (12.1%), G-to-A (11.2%), and A to G (11.2%). Subsequently, we compared the expression patterns of miRNAs in the two libraries (big-size group with high growth rate versus small-size group with low growth rate). Results indicated that 27 miRNAs displayed significant differential expressions between the two libraries (p < 0.05). Of these, 16 were significantly up-regulated and 11 were significantly down-regulated in the big-size group compared to the small-size group. Furthermore, stem-loop RT-PCR was applied to validate and profile the expression of the differentially expressed miRNAs in ten tissues, and the result revealed that the conserved miRNAs expressed at higher levels than the novel miRNAs, especially in brain, liver and muscle. Also, targets prediction of differentially expressed miRNAs and KEGG pathway analysis suggested that differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in growth and metabolism, signal transduction, cell cycle, neural development and functions. Conclusions The present study provides the first large-scale characterization of miRNAs in M. amblycephala and miRNA profile related to different growth performances. The discovery of miRNA resource from this study is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the miRNAs roles playing in regulating the growth biological processes and the study of miRNA function and phenotype-associated miRNA identification in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ze-Xia Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Yan H, Wang S, Yu H, Zhu J, Chen C. Molecular pathways and functional analysis of miRNA expression associated with paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Pharmacology 2013; 92:167-74. [PMID: 24060847 DOI: 10.1159/000354585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We postulated that microRNAs (miRNAs) might be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) targeted chemotherapy with paclitaxel. This study sought to generate a list of potential miRNA-based biomarkers and their potential targets to better understand the response to paclitaxel treatment in HCC. METHODS Cell viability proliferation assays were conducted to test the sensitivity of the HepG2 cells to paclitaxel. The morphological changes of apoptosis were assessed with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. Differential expression patterns of miRNA in the HepG2 cells either treated or not treated were analyzed using miRNA microarrays. RESULTS The array experiments have identified 54 miRNAs whose basal expression levels differed by >2-fold and p < 0.05 between the two phenotypic groups. The data were validated by a quantitative real-time PCR of 8 selected miRNAs (miR-21, miR-1274a, miR-1260, miR-1290, miR-508-5p, miR-877, miR-1246, miR-183*). The PI3K/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), TGF-β, ErbB, p53, cell cycle, mammalian target of rapamycin, and Jak-STAT signaling pathways were involved in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The manipulation of one or more of these miRNAs could be an important approach for the improved management of paclitaxel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection System, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Non-coding RNAs and cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17085-110. [PMID: 23965974 PMCID: PMC3759953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140817085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the biological relevance of non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) molecules represents one of the most significant advances in contemporary molecular biology. Expression profiling of human tumors, based on the expression of miRNAs and other short or long ncRNAs, has identified signatures associated with diagnosis, staging, progression, prognosis, and response to treatment. In this review we will discuss the recent remarkable advancement in the understanding the biological functions of human ncRNAs in cancer, the mechanisms of expression and the therapeutic potential.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18- to 22-nucleotide-long, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that regulate important biological processes including differentiation, proliferation, and response to cellular stressors such as hypoxia, nutrient depletion, and traversion of the cell cycle by controlling protein expression within the cell. Many investigators have profiled cancer tissue and serum miRNAs to identify potential therapeutic targets, understand the pathways involved in tumorigenesis, and identify diagnostic tumor signatures. In the setting of pancreatic cancer, obtaining pancreatic tissue is invasive and impractical for early diagnosis. Several groups have profiled miRNAs that are present in the blood as a means to diagnose tumor progression and predict prognosis/survival or drug resistance. Several miRNA signatures found in pancreatic tissue and the peripheral blood, as well as the pathways that are associated with pancreatic cancer, are reviewed here in detail. Three miRNA biomarkers (miR-21, miR-155, and miR-200) have been repetitively identified in both pancreatic cancer tissue and patients' blood. Those miRNAs regulate and are regulated by the central genetic and epigenetic changes observed in pancreatic cancer including p53, transforming growth factor β, p16(INK4A), BRCA1/2, and Kras. These miRNAs are involved in DNA repair, cell cycle, and cell invasion and also play important roles in promoting metastases.
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Sharifi M, Salehi R, Gheisari Y, Kazemi M. WITHDRAWN: Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-92a Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Human Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Turk J Haematol 2013; 30:157-62. [PMID: 24385779 PMCID: PMC3878471 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2012.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn due to the fact that it is published in three different journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Mohammadreza Sharifi, Rasoul Salehi, Yousof Gheisari, Mohammad Kazemi Pediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center & Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfhan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Mohammadreza Sharifi, Rasoul Salehi, Yousof Gheisari, Mohammad Kazemi Pediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center & Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfhan, Iran
| | - Yousof Gheisari
- Mohammadreza Sharifi, Rasoul Salehi, Yousof Gheisari, Mohammad Kazemi Pediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center & Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfhan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Mohammadreza Sharifi, Rasoul Salehi, Yousof Gheisari, Mohammad Kazemi Pediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center & Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfhan, Iran
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Growth-promoting role of the miR-106a~363 cluster in Ewing sarcoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63032. [PMID: 23638178 PMCID: PMC3637464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have been identified as potent regulators of both normal development and the hallmarks of cancer. Targeting of microRNAs has been shown to have preclinical promise, and select miR-based therapies are now in clinical trials. Ewing Sarcoma is a biologically aggressive pediatric cancer with little change in clinical outcomes despite improved chemotherapeutic regimens. There is a substantial need for new therapies to improve Ewing Sarcoma outcomes and to prevent chemotherapy-related secondary sequelae. Most Ewing Sarcoma tumors are driven by the EWS/Fli-1 fusion oncoprotein, acting as a gain-of-function transcription factor causing dysregulation of a variety of targets, including microRNAs. Our previous studies, and those of others, have identified upregulation of miRs belonging to the related miR-17∼92a, miR-106b∼25, and miR-106a∼363 clusters in Ewing Sarcoma. However, the functional consequences of this have not been characterized, nor has miR blockade been explored as an anti-cancer strategy in Ewing Sarcoma. To simulate a potential therapeutic approach, we examined the effects of blockade of these clusters, and their component miRs. Using colony formation as a read-out, we find that blockade of selected individual cluster component miRs, using specific inhibitors, has little or no effect. Combinatorial inhibition using miR “sponge” methodology, on the other hand, is inhibitory to colony formation, with blockade of whole clusters generally more effective than blockade of miR families. We show that a miR-blocking sponge directed against the poorly characterized miR-106a∼363 cluster is a particularly potent inhibitor of clonogenic growth in a subset of Ewing Sarcoma cell lines. We further identify upregulation of miR-15a as a downstream mechanism contributing to the miR-106a∼363 sponge growth-inhibitory effect. Taken together, our studies provide support for a pro-oncogenic role of the miR-106a∼363 cluster in Ewing Sarcoma, and identify miR-106a∼363 blockade, as well as miR-15a replacement, as possible strategies for inhibition of Ewing Sarcoma growth.
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Ning G, Liu X, Dai M, Meng A, Wang Q. MicroRNA-92a Upholds Bmp Signaling by Targeting noggin3 during Pharyngeal Cartilage Formation. Dev Cell 2013; 24:283-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lai L, Song Y, Liu Y, Chen Q, Han Q, Chen W, Pan T, Zhang Y, Cao X, Wang Q. MicroRNA-92a negatively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)-triggered inflammatory response in macrophages by targeting MKK4 kinase. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7956-7967. [PMID: 23355465 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.445429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the initiation of immune responses against invading pathogens. MicroRNAs have been shown to be important regulators of TLR signaling. In this study, we have found that the stimulation of multiple TLRs rapidly reduced the levels of microRNA-92a (miRNA-92a) and some other members of the miRNA-92a family in macrophages. miR-92a mimics significantly decreased, whereas miR-92a knockdown increased, the activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway and the production of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages when stimulated with ligands for TLR4. Furthermore, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4), a kinase that activates JNK/stress-activated protein kinase, was found to be directly targeted by miR-92a. Similar to the effects of the miR-92a mimics, knockdown of MKK4 inhibited the activation of JNK/c-Jun signaling and the production of TNF-α and IL-6. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that TLR-mediated miR-92a reduction feedback enhances TLR-triggered production of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, thus outlining new mechanisms for fine-tuning the TLR-triggered inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lai
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingyun Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Quan Han
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhou T, Zhang G, Liu Z, Xia S, Tian H. Overexpression of miR-92a correlates with tumor metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28:19-24. [PMID: 22772712 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-012-1528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play important roles in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-92a in colorectal cancer and the normal adjacent mucosa and its potential relevance to clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival. METHODS Surgical specimens of cancer tissue and adjacent normal mucosa were obtained from 82 patients with colorectal carcinomas. The relative expression levels of miR-92a mRNA in the cancer and the normal adjacent mucosa were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed their correlation with tumor metastasis, clinicopathologic parameters, and clinical outcome. RESULTS The relative expression levels of miR-92a were significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissues than in the normal adjacent mucosa (p < 0.001), and a high expression of miR-92a correlated with advanced clinical stage (p = 0.025), lymph node metastases (p = 0.015), and distant metastases (p = 0.046). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high miR-92a expression had a poor overall survival (p = 0.001). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that increased expression of miR-92a was an independent predictor of overall survival. CONCLUSION This study revealed that miR-92a overexpression was correlated with specific colorectal cancer biopathologic features, such as TNM stage, lymph node and distant metastases, and poor survival of the patients, indicating that miR-92a may serve as a molecular prognostic marker for colorectal cancer and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Serva A, Knapp B, Tsai YT, Claas C, Lisauskas T, Matula P, Harder N, Kaderali L, Rohr K, Erfle H, Eils R, Braga V, Starkuviene V. miR-17-5p regulates endocytic trafficking through targeting TBC1D2/Armus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52555. [PMID: 23285084 PMCID: PMC3527550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNA cluster miR-17-92 is known as oncomir-1 due to its potent oncogenic function. miR-17-92 is a polycistronic cluster that encodes 6 miRNAs, and can both facilitate and inhibit cell proliferation. Known targets of miRNAs encoded by this cluster are largely regulators of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Here, we show that miRNAs encoded by this cluster and sharing the seed sequence of miR-17 exert their influence on one of the most essential cellular processes – endocytic trafficking. By mRNA expression analysis we identified that regulation of endocytic trafficking by miR-17 can potentially be achieved by targeting of a number of trafficking regulators. We have thoroughly validated TBC1D2/Armus, a GAP of Rab7 GTPase, as a novel target of miR-17. Our study reveals regulation of endocytic trafficking as a novel function of miR-17, which might act cooperatively with other functions of miR-17 and related miRNAs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Serva
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Knapp
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yueh-Tso Tsai
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Petr Matula
- Integrative Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, DKFZ, BioQuant and Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nathalie Harder
- Integrative Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, DKFZ, BioQuant and Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Rohr
- Integrative Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, DKFZ, BioQuant and Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Integrative Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, DKFZ, BioQuant and Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vania Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a group of common human pathogens with two serotypes HSV-1 and HSV-2. The prevalence of HSV is worldwide. It primarily infects humans through epithelial cells, when it introduces a latent infection into the nervous system. During viral latency, only a region known as the latency-associated transcript (LAT) is expressed. The discovery of HSV miRNAs helps to draw a larger picture of the infection and pathogenesis of the virus. This review summarizes miRNAs found in HSV-1 and HSV-2 so far. The functional studies of miRNAs in HSV to date indicate that they play a stage-specific role coordinated with viral proteins to maintain the virus life cycle.
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Wu N, Sulpice E, Obeid P, Benzina S, Kermarrec F, Combe S, Gidrol X. The miR-17 family links p63 protein to MAPK signaling to promote the onset of human keratinocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45761. [PMID: 23029228 PMCID: PMC3454365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p63 protein plays a key role in regulating human keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Although some p63-regulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in the control of epidermal homeostasis, little is known about miRNAs acting downstream of p63. In this paper, we characterized multiple p63-regulated miRNAs (miR-17, miR-20b, miR-30a, miR-106a, miR-143 and miR-455-3p) and elucidated their roles in the onset of keratinocyte differentiation. We identified RB, p21 and multiple MAPKs as targets of these p63-controlled miRNAs. Upon inhibition of most of these miRNAs, we observed defects in commitment to differentiation that could be reversed by siRNA-mediated silencing of their targets. Furthermore, knockdown of MAPK8 and MAPK9 efficiently restored expression of the early differentiation markers keratin 1 and keratin 10 in p63-silenced primary human keratinocytes. These results highlight new mechanistic roles of multiple miRNAs, particularly the miR-17 family (miR-17, miR-20b and miR-106a), as regulatory intermediates for coordinating p63 with MAPK signaling in the commitment of human mature keratinocytes to early differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- CEA, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1038, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Sulpice
- CEA, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1038, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia Obeid
- CEA, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1038, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Sami Benzina
- CEA, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1038, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédérique Kermarrec
- CEA, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1038, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Combe
- CEA, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1038, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- CEA, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, U1038, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Role of p63 in Development, Tumorigenesis and Cancer Progression. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2012; 5:311-22. [PMID: 22847008 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-012-0116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The p53-related protein p63 has pleiotropic functions, including cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, differentiation, senescence, and aging. The p63 gene is expressed as multiple isoforms that either contain an N-terminal p53-homologous transactivation domain (TAp63) or that lack this domain (ΔNp63). Multiple studies have demonstrated that p63 plays a crucial role in stratified epithelial development, and have shown the importance of p63 for maintaining proliferation potential, inducing differentiation, and preventing senescence. Additionally, much research focuses on the role of p63 in cancer progression. Clinical evidence suggests that p63 may play a role in inhibiting metastasis. Similarly, genetic mice models together with cell culture data strongly indicate that p63 deficiency may be a causative factor for metastatic spread. Moreover, the role of p63 in cancer metastasis has been shown to be greatly related to the ability of mutant p53 to promote cancer malignancy. However, there is still much confusion as to what the role of each specific isoform is. In this review, we highlight some of the major findings in the current literature regarding the role of specific p63 isoforms in development, tumorigenesis, and particularly in cancer metastasis.
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Alexandrova EM, Moll UM. Role of p53 family members p73 and p63 in human hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2116-29. [PMID: 22497596 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.684348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
p53, mutated in over half of human cancers and about 13% of all hematological malignancies, maintains genomic integrity and triggers cellular senescence and apoptosis of damaged cells. In contrast to p53, the homologs p73 and p63 play critical roles in development of the central nervous system and skin/limbs, respectively. Moreover, dependent on the context they can exert tumor suppressor activities that cooperate with p53. Unlike p53, p73 and p63 are rarely mutated in cancers. Instead, up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic dominant-negative ΔNp73 and ΔNp63 isoforms is the most frequent abnormality in solid cancers. In hematological malignancies the most frequent p73 defect is promoter methylation and loss of expression, associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. This suggests an essential tumor suppressor role of p73 in blood cells, also supported by genetic mouse models. Many therapeutic approaches aiming to restore p73 activity are currently being investigated. In contrast, the most frequent p63 abnormality is protein overexpression, associated with higher disease grade and poorer prognosis. Surprisingly, although available data are still scarce, the emerging picture is up-regulation of transactivation-competent TAp63 isoforms, suggesting a tumor-promoting role in this context.
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Cardin R, Romilda C, Piciocchi M, Marika P, Sinigaglia A, Alessandro S, Lavezzo E, Enrico L, Bortolami M, Marina B, Kotsafti A, Andromachi K, Cillo U, Umberto C, Zanus G, Giacomo Z, Mescoli C, Claudia M, Rugge M, Massimo R, Farinati F, Fabio F. Oxidative DNA damage correlates with cell immortalization and mir-92 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2012. [PMID: 22587342 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs expression has been extensively studied in hepatocellular carcinoma but little is known regarding the relationship, if any, with inflammation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), host's repair mechanisms and cell immortalization. This study aimed at assessing the extent of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine - 8-OHdG) in different phases of the carcinogenetic process, in relation to DNA repair gene polymorphism, telomeric dysfunction and to the expression of several microRNAs, non-coding genes involved in post-transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, differentiation and death. METHODS Tissue samples obtained either at surgery, [neoplastic (HCC) and adjacent non-cancerous cirrhotic tissues (NCCT)] at percutaneous or laparoscopic biopsy (patients with HCV or HBV-related hepatitis or patients undergoing cholecystectomy) were analysed for 8-OHdG (HPLC-ED), OGG1 (a DNA repair gene) polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), telomerase activity, telomere length (T/S, by RT-PCR), Taqman microRNA assay and Bad/Bax mRNA (RT-PCR). Fifty-eight samples from 29 HCC patients (obtained in both neoplastic and peritumoral tissues), 22 from chronic hepatitis (CH) and 10 controls (cholecystectomy patients - CON) were examined. RESULTS Eight-OHdG levels were significantly higher in HCC and NCCT than in CH and CON (p=0.001). Telomerase activity was significantly higher in HCC than in the remaining subgroups (p=0.002); conversely T/S was significantly lower in HCC (p=0.05). MiR-199a-b, -195, -122, -92a and -145 were down-regulated in the majority of HCCs while miR-222 was up-regulated. A positive correlation was observed among 8-OHdG levels, disease stage, telomerase activity, OGG1 polymorphisms and ALT/GGT levels. In HCC, miR-92 expression correlated positively with telomerase activity, 8-OHdG levels and Bad/Bax mRNA. CONCLUSIONS The above findings confirm the accumulation, in the progression of chronic liver damage to HCC, of a ROS-mediated oxidative DNA damage, and suggest that this correlates with induction of telomerase activity and, as a novel finding, with over-expression of miR-92, a microRNA that plays a role in both the apoptotic process and in cellular proliferation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cardin Romilda
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy
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Cardin R, Romilda C, Piciocchi M, Marika P, Sinigaglia A, Alessandro S, Lavezzo E, Enrico L, Bortolami M, Marina B, Kotsafti A, Andromachi K, Cillo U, Umberto C, Zanus G, Giacomo Z, Mescoli C, Claudia M, Rugge M, Massimo R, Farinati F, Fabio F. Oxidative DNA damage correlates with cell immortalization and mir-92 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:177. [PMID: 22587342 PMCID: PMC3420318 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs expression has been extensively studied in hepatocellular carcinoma but little is known regarding the relationship, if any, with inflammation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), host's repair mechanisms and cell immortalization. This study aimed at assessing the extent of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine - 8-OHdG) in different phases of the carcinogenetic process, in relation to DNA repair gene polymorphism, telomeric dysfunction and to the expression of several microRNAs, non-coding genes involved in post-transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, differentiation and death. METHODS Tissue samples obtained either at surgery, [neoplastic (HCC) and adjacent non-cancerous cirrhotic tissues (NCCT)] at percutaneous or laparoscopic biopsy (patients with HCV or HBV-related hepatitis or patients undergoing cholecystectomy) were analysed for 8-OHdG (HPLC-ED), OGG1 (a DNA repair gene) polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), telomerase activity, telomere length (T/S, by RT-PCR), Taqman microRNA assay and Bad/Bax mRNA (RT-PCR). Fifty-eight samples from 29 HCC patients (obtained in both neoplastic and peritumoral tissues), 22 from chronic hepatitis (CH) and 10 controls (cholecystectomy patients - CON) were examined. RESULTS Eight-OHdG levels were significantly higher in HCC and NCCT than in CH and CON (p=0.001). Telomerase activity was significantly higher in HCC than in the remaining subgroups (p=0.002); conversely T/S was significantly lower in HCC (p=0.05). MiR-199a-b, -195, -122, -92a and -145 were down-regulated in the majority of HCCs while miR-222 was up-regulated. A positive correlation was observed among 8-OHdG levels, disease stage, telomerase activity, OGG1 polymorphisms and ALT/GGT levels. In HCC, miR-92 expression correlated positively with telomerase activity, 8-OHdG levels and Bad/Bax mRNA. CONCLUSIONS The above findings confirm the accumulation, in the progression of chronic liver damage to HCC, of a ROS-mediated oxidative DNA damage, and suggest that this correlates with induction of telomerase activity and, as a novel finding, with over-expression of miR-92, a microRNA that plays a role in both the apoptotic process and in cellular proliferation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cardin Romilda
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy
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