1
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Aumailley L, Dubois MJ, Marette A, Lebel M. Integrated liver and serum proteomics uncover sexual dimorphism and alteration of several immune response proteins in an aging Werner syndrome mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8417-8445. [PMID: 38795389 PMCID: PMC11164518 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a progeroid disorder caused by mutations in a protein containing both a DNA exonuclease and DNA helicase domains. Previous studies indicated that males lacking the helicase domain of the Wrn protein orthologue exhibited hepatic transcriptomic and metabolic alterations. In this study, we used a label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach to uncover proteins abundance associated with specific biological processes that differed depending on the age (four or ten months) and/or the genotype (wild type or Wrn mutant) in the serum and liver of mice. Principal component analysis of the proteomic data from both serum and hepatic tissue revealed a sexual dimorphism regardless of the age and the genotype of the mice. Moreover, although all Wrn mutant mice exhibited fatty liver by the age of ten months, a significant age and genotype dependent enrichment of proteins involved in lipid and fatty acid metabolic processes were uncovered only in males. Also, a genotype dependent increase in serum oxidant detoxification processes was observed in the serum of Wrn mutant males. Despite these sexual differences, several aspects of the immune system were affected in both females and males. Finally, an increase of specific immunoglobulin molecules was common in the liver and serum of both older Wrn mutant females and males. Such results suggest that specific immunoglobulin variants maybe associated with fatty liver progression in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie Julie Dubois
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City G1V 4G2, Canada
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2
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Sato A, Kondo Y, Ishigami A. The evidence to date: implications of l-ascorbic acid in the pathophysiology of aging. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:29. [PMID: 38730366 PMCID: PMC11088021 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C, has been used not only for disease prevention and in complementary and alternative medicine, but also for anti-aging purposes. However, the scientific evidence is not yet sufficient. Here, we review the physiological functions of vitamin C and its relationship with various pathological conditions, including our previous findings, and discuss the prospects of its application in healthy longevity. In summary, vitamin C levels are associated with lifespan in several animal models. Furthermore, clinical studies have shown that the blood vitamin C levels are lower in middle-aged and older adults than in younger adults. Lower blood vitamin C levels have also been observed in various pathological conditions such as chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the elderly. These observations suggest the implications of vitamin C in age-related pathological mechanisms owing to its physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Sato
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, Toyo University, Tokyo, 115-8650, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Kondo
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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3
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Sember E, Chennakesavula R, Beard B, Opoola M, Hwangbo DS. Dietary restriction fails to extend lifespan of Drosophila model of Werner syndrome. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae056. [PMID: 38491858 PMCID: PMC11075538 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disease in humans, caused by mutations in the WRN gene that encodes a protein containing helicase and exonuclease domains. WS is characterized by symptoms of accelerated aging in multiple tissues and organs, involving increased risk of cancer, heart failure, and metabolic dysfunction. These conditions ultimately lead to the premature mortality of patients with WS. In this study, using the null mutant flies (WRNexoΔ) for the gene WRNexo (CG7670), homologous to the exonuclease domain of WRN in humans, we examined how diets affect the lifespan, stress resistance, and sleep/wake patterns of a Drosophila model of WS. We observed that dietary restriction (DR), one of the most robust nongenetic interventions to extend lifespan in animal models, failed to extend the lifespan of WRNexoΔ mutant flies and even had a detrimental effect in females. Interestingly, the mean lifespan of WRNexoΔ mutant flies was not reduced on a protein-rich diet compared to that of wild-type (WT) flies. Compared to WT control flies, the mutant flies also exhibited altered responses to DR in their resistance to starvation and oxidative stress, as well as changes in sleep/wake patterns. These findings show that the WRN protein is necessary for mediating the effects of DR and suggest that the exonuclease domain of WRN plays an important role in metabolism in addition to its primary role in DNA-repair and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Sember
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | | | - Breanna Beard
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Mubaraq Opoola
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Dae-Sung Hwangbo
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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4
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Pu X, Qu Y. A study on the delayed effect of tilapia skin collagen on skin aging for mice and its possible mechanism. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3436-3444. [PMID: 37328955 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Study the possible mechanism and delayed effect of tilapia skin collagen on skin aging for mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into the aging model group, the normal group, the positive control group (vitamin E) and the low, medium, high dose tilapia skin collagen groups (2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg/g). The normal group was only injected with saline at the back and the neck. The other groups were injected subcutaneously with 5% D-galactose and ultraviolet light jointly to establish the aging model. After modeling, the positive control group was treated with a dose of 10% vitamin E once a day, and the low, medium, high dose tilapia skin collagen group was separately applied 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg/g of tilapia skin collagen for 40 days. The changes of skin tissue morphology, water content, hydroxyproline (Hyp) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in mice were studied at the day 10, 20, 30, 40, 50. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, the skin of mice in the aging model group was thinner, looser, and the skin moisture content, Hyp content, SOD activity were all decreased. For mice of the low, medium, high dose tilapia skin collagen group, the thickness of dermis increased, possessing close arrangement, and the moisture content, Hyp content, SOD activity were up-regulated significantly, which effectively alleviated the aging process of skin. The dose of tilapia skin collagen was directly proportional to the anti-aging effect. CONCLUSIONS Tilapia skin collagen has an obvious effect on improving skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Pu
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
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5
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Deng F, Qin G, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhu M, Hou M, Yao Q, Gu W, Wang C, Yang H, Jia X, Wu C, Peng H, Du H, Tang S. Multi-omics reveals 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline (BDNA)-induced hepatotoxicity and the role of the gut-liver axis in rats. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131760. [PMID: 37285786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
2-Bromo-4, 6-dinitroaniline (BDNA) is a widespread azo-dye-related hazardous pollutant. However, its reported adverse effects are limited to mutagenicity, genotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and reproductive toxicity. We systematically assessed the hepatotoxicity of BDNA exposure via pathological and biochemical examinations and explored the underlying mechanisms via integrative multi-omics analyses of the transcriptome, metabolome, and microbiome in rats. After 28 days of oral administration, compared with the control group, 100 mg/kg BDNA significantly triggered hepatotoxicity, upregulated toxicity indicators (e.g., HSI, ALT, and ARG1), and induced systemic inflammation (e.g., G-CSF, MIP-2, RANTES, and VEGF), dyslipidemia (e.g., TC and TG), and bile acid (BA) synthesis (e.g., CA, GCA, and GDCA). Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed broad perturbations in gene transcripts and metabolites involved in the representative pathways of liver inflammation (e.g., Hmox1, Spi1, L-methionine, valproic acid, and choline), steatosis (e.g., Nr0b2, Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Dusp1, Plin3, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid), and cholestasis (e.g., FXR/Nr1h4, Cdkn1a, Cyp7a1, and bilirubin). Microbiome analysis revealed reduced relative abundances of beneficial gut microbial taxa (e.g., Ruminococcaceae and Akkermansia muciniphila), which further contributed to the inflammatory response, lipid accumulation, and BA synthesis in the enterohepatic circulation. The observed effect concentrations here were comparable to the highly contaminated wastewaters, showcasing BDNA's hepatotoxic effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. These results shed light on the biomolecular mechanism and important role of the gut-liver axis underpinning BDNA-induced cholestatic liver disorders in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchang Deng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guangqiu Qin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Mu Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Min Hou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qiao Yao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wen Gu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chao Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hui Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chongming Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Huamao Du
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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6
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Crochemore C, Cimmaruta C, Fernández-Molina C, Ricchetti M. Reactive Species in Progeroid Syndromes and Aging-Related Processes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:208-228. [PMID: 34428933 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Reactive species have been classically considered causative of age-related degenerative processes, but the scenario appears considerably more complex and to some extent counterintuitive than originally anticipated. The impact of reactive species in precocious aging syndromes is revealing new clues to understand and perhaps challenge the resulting degenerative processes. Recent Advances: Our understanding of reactive species has considerably evolved, including their hormetic effect (beneficial at a certain level, harmful beyond this level), the occurrence of diverse hormetic peaks in different cell types and organisms, and the extended type of reactive species that are relevant in biological processes. Our understanding of the impact of reactive species has also expanded from the dichotomic damaging/signaling role to modulation of gene expression. Critical Issues: These new concepts are affecting the study of aging and diseases where aging is greatly accelerated. We discuss how notions arising from the study of the underlying mechanisms of a progeroid disease, Cockayne syndrome, represent a paradigm shift that may shed a new light in understanding the role of reactive species in age-related degenerative processes. Future Issues: Future investigations urge to explore established and emerging notions to elucidate the multiple contributions of reactive species in degenerative processes linked to pathophysiological aging and their possible amelioration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 208-228.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Crochemore
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sup'Biotech, Villejuif, France
| | - Chiara Cimmaruta
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Fernández-Molina
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, University of Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Stem Cells and Development, UMR 3738 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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7
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Partial lipodystrophy, severe dyslipidaemia and insulin resistant diabetes as early signs of Werner syndrome. J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:583-590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Visioli F, Ingram A, Beckman JS, Magnusson KR, Hagen TM. Strategies to protect against age-related mitochondrial decay: Do natural products and their derivatives help? Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:330-346. [PMID: 34890770 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve vital roles critical for overall cellular function outside of energy transduction. Thus, mitochondrial decay is postulated to be a key factor in aging and in age-related diseases. Mitochondria may be targets of their own decay through oxidative damage. However, treating animals with antioxidants has been met with only limited success in rejuvenating mitochondrial function or in increasing lifespan. A host of nutritional strategies outside of using traditional antioxidants have been devised to promote mitochondrial function. Dietary compounds are under study that induce gene expression, enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, or replenish key metabolites that decline with age. Moreover, redox-active compounds may now be targeted to mitochondria which improve their effectiveness. Herein we review the evidence that representative dietary effectors modulate mitochondrial function by stimulating their renewal or reversing the age-related loss of key metabolites. While in vitro evidence continues to accumulate that many of these compounds benefit mitochondrial function and/or prevent their decay, the results using animal models and, in some instances human clinical trials, are more mixed and sometimes even contraindicated. Thus, further research on optimal dosage and age of intervention are warranted before recommending potential mitochondrial rejuvenating compounds for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy; IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Avery Ingram
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Joseph S Beckman
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kathy R Magnusson
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Tory M Hagen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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9
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Epiney DG, Salameh C, Cassidy D, Zhou LT, Kruithof J, Milutinović R, Andreani TS, Schirmer AE, Bolterstein E. Characterization of Stress Responses in a Drosophila Model of Werner Syndrome. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1868. [PMID: 34944512 PMCID: PMC8699552 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As organisms age, their resistance to stress decreases while their risk of disease increases. This can be shown in patients with Werner syndrome (WS), which is a genetic disease characterized by accelerated aging along with increased risk of cancer and metabolic disease. WS is caused by mutations in WRN, a gene involved in DNA replication and repair. Recent research has shown that WRN mutations contribute to multiple hallmarks of aging including genomic instability, telomere attrition, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, questions remain regarding the onset and effect of stress on early aging. We used a fly model of WS (WRNexoΔ) to investigate stress response during different life stages and found that stress sensitivity varies according to age and stressor. While larvae and young WRNexoΔ adults are not sensitive to exogenous oxidative stress, high antioxidant activity suggests high levels of endogenous oxidative stress. WRNexoΔ adults are sensitive to stress caused by elevated temperature and starvation suggesting abnormalities in energy storage and a possible link to metabolic dysfunction in WS patients. We also observed higher levels of sleep in aged WRNexoΔ adults suggesting an additional adaptive mechanism to protect against age-related stress. We suggest that stress response in WRNexoΔ is multifaceted and evokes a systemic physiological response to protect against cellular damage. These data further validate WRNexoΔ flies as a WS model with which to study mechanisms of early aging and provide a foundation for development of treatments for WS and similar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek G. Epiney
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Charlotte Salameh
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Deirdre Cassidy
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Luhan T. Zhou
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Joshua Kruithof
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Rolan Milutinović
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Tomas S. Andreani
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Aaron E. Schirmer
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Elyse Bolterstein
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA; (D.G.E.); (C.S.); (D.C.); (L.T.Z.); (J.K.); (R.M.); (A.E.S.)
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10
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前澤 善. [Basic science of Werner syndrome]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2021; 58:402-408. [PMID: 34483166 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.58.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- 善朗 前澤
- 千葉大学大学院医学研究院内分泌代謝・血液・老年内科学
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11
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Gudmundsrud R, Skjånes TH, Gilmour BC, Caponio D, Lautrup S, Fang EF. Crosstalk among DNA Damage, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Impaired Mitophagy, Stem Cell Attrition, and Senescence in the Accelerated Ageing Disorder Werner Syndrome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:297-304. [PMID: 34433164 DOI: 10.1159/000516386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an accelerated ageing disease caused by multiple mutations in the gene encoding the Werner DNA helicase (WRN). The major clinical features of WS include wrinkles, grey hair, osteoporosis, and metabolic phenomena such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and fatty liver, and resemble those seen in normal ageing, but occur earlier, in middle age. Defective DNA repair resulting from mutations in WRN explain the majority of the clinical features of WS, but the underlying mechanisms driving the larger metabolic dysfunction remain elusive. Recent studies in animal models of WS and in WS patient cells and blood samples suggest the involvement of impaired mitophagy, NAD+ depletion, and accumulation of damaged mitochondria in metabolic dysfunction. This mini-review summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in WS, with the involvement of DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy reduction, stem cell impairment, and senescence. Future studies on NAD+ and mitophagy may shed light on potential therapeutic strategies for the WS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Gudmundsrud
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tarjei H Skjånes
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Brian C Gilmour
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | - Domenica Caponio
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
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12
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Xuan J, Che L, Liu Y. Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Intestinal Loop Obstruction After Introducing Loop Syndrome After Subtotal Gastrectomy. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a graphical diagnosis of intestinal loop obstruction input into the loop syndrome after subtotal gastrectomy based on ultrasound diagnosis is more fluid accumulating in the bridge loop. The pressure in the intestinal loop is constantly rising, causing bile and pancreatic
juice excretion disorder, and dilation of intrahepatic and external bile ducts or dilation of pancreatic ducts, which is similar to the anatomical features of low biliary obstruction. For dilated bowel, the expansion of the upstream drainage pipe organ changes in physiological and pathological
anatomy pathological bridge loop obstruction. The ultrasound can show good and on the ming stomach ultrasound pictures of patients with loop syndrome after major resection were analyzed. Most patients with hepatic shape changed the left hepatic duct dilatation, and the inner diameter is 4.8
cm and the length is 18.0 cm. The wall of the tube is a multi-layer structure, and fold-like echoes can be seen. The lumen does not pass through the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. Patients with a history of pancreas Whillp or Child type surgery or a history
of Roux-en-Y type biliary jejunum have clinical manifestations of bowel obstruction. The ultrasound of their bridge loop obstruction showed a long tubular anechoic dark area in the upper abdomen and dilation of the upstream drainage organ duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhuji People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province, ZhujiZhejiang, 311800, China
| | - Lingxiang Che
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Yao Liu
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400010, China
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13
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Boel A, Veszelyi K, Németh CE, Beyens A, Willaert A, Coucke P, Callewaert B, Margittai É. Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome: An Ascorbate Compartmentalization Disorder? Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:875-889. [PMID: 31621376 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cardiovascular disorders are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Monogenic developmental disorders of the heart and vessels are highly valuable to study the physiological and pathological processes in cardiovascular system homeostasis. The arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is a rare, autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder showing lengthening, tortuosity, and stenosis of the large arteries, with a propensity for aneurysm formation. In histopathology, it associates with fragmentation and disorganization of elastic fibers in several tissues, including the arterial wall. ATS is caused by pathogenic variants in SLC2A10 encoding the facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT)10. Critical Issues: Although several hypotheses have been forwarded, the molecular mechanisms linking disrupted GLUT10 activity with arterial malformations are largely unknown. Recent Advances: The vascular and systemic manifestations and natural history of ATS patients have been largely delineated. GLUT10 was identified as an intracellular transporter of dehydroascorbic acid, which contributes to collagen and elastin cross-linking in the endoplasmic reticulum, redox homeostasis in the mitochondria, and global and gene-specific methylation/hydroxymethylation affecting epigenetic regulation in the nucleus. We revise here the current knowledge on ATS and the role of GLUT10 within the compartmentalization of ascorbate in physiological and diseased states. Future Directions: Centralization of clinical, treatment, and outcome data will enable better management for ATS patients. Establishment of representative animal disease models could facilitate the study of pathomechanisms underlying ATS. This might be relevant for other forms of vascular dysplasia, such as isolated aneurysm formation, hypertensive vasculopathy, and neovascularization. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 875-889.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrien Boel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Krisztina Veszelyi
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla E Németh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aude Beyens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Éva Margittai
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
Significance: Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive malady typified by a pro-oxidant/proinflammatory status, genetic instability, and by the early onset of numerous age-associated illnesses. The protein malfunctioning in WS individuals (WRN) is a helicase/exonuclease implicated in transcription, DNA replication/repair, and telomere maintenance. Recent Advances: In the last two decades, a series of important biological systems were created to comprehend at the molecular level the effect of a defective WRN protein. Such biological tools include mouse and worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) with a mutation in the Wrn helicase ortholog as well as human WS-induced pluripotent stem cells that can ultimately be differentiated into most cell lineages. Such WS models have identified anomalies related to the hallmarks of aging. Most importantly, vitamin C counteracts these age-related cellular phenotypes in these systems. Critical Issues: Vitamin C is the only antioxidant agent capable of reversing the cellular aging-related phenotypes in those biological systems. Since vitamin C is a cofactor for many hydroxylases and mono- or dioxygenase, it adds another level of complexity in deciphering the exact molecular pathways affected by this vitamin. Moreover, it is still unclear whether a short- or long-term vitamin C supplementation in human WS patients who already display aging-related phenotypes will have a beneficial impact. Future Directions: The discovery of new molecular markers specific to the modified biological pathways in WS that can be used for novel imaging techniques or as blood markers will be necessary to assess the favorable effect of vitamin C supplementation in WS. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 856-874.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Vitamin C Treatment Rescues Prelamin A-Induced Premature Senescence of Subchondral Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:3150716. [PMID: 32322277 PMCID: PMC7157810 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3150716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a predominant risk factor for many chronic conditions. Stem cell dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the aging process. Prelamin A, an abnormal processed form of the nuclear lamina protein lamin A, has been reported to trigger premature senescence. However, the mechanism driving stem cell dysfunction is still unclear. In this study, we found that while passaging subchondral bone mesenchymal stem cells (SCB-MSCs) in vitro, prelamin A accumulation occurred concomitantly with an increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) expression. Unlike their counterparts, SCB-MSCs with prelamin A overexpression (MSC/PLA) demonstrated decreased proliferation, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis but increased production of inflammatory factors. In a hind-limb ischemia model, MSC/PLA also exhibited compromised therapy effect. Further investigation showed that exogenous prelamin A triggered abnormal nuclear morphology, DNA and shelterin complex damage, cell cycle retardation, and eventually cell senescence. Changes in gene expression profile were also verified by microarray assay. Interestingly, we found that ascorbic acid or vitamin C (VC) treatment could inhibit prelamin A expression in MSC/PLA and partially reverse the premature aging in MSC/PLA, with reduced secretion of inflammatory factors and cell cycle arrest and resistance to apoptosis. Importantly, after VC treatment, MSC/PLA showed enhanced therapy effect in the hind-limb ischemia model. In conclusion, prelamin A can accelerate SCB-MSC premature senescence by inducing DNA damage. VC can be a potential therapeutic reagent for prelamin A-induced aging defects in MSCs.
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Shastri AA, Saleh A, Savage JE, DeAngelis T, Camphausen K, Simone NL. Dietary alterations modulate the microRNA 29/30 and IGF-1/AKT signaling axis in breast Cancer liver metastasis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:23. [PMID: 32211051 PMCID: PMC7092508 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic cancer is incurable and understanding the molecular underpinnings is crucial to improving survival for our patients. The IGF-1/Akt signaling pathway is often impaired in cancer leading to its progression and metastases. Diet modification is known to alter the IGF-1/Akt pathway and affect the expression of microRNA involved in tumor initiation, growth and metastases. Liver metastases are one of the most common type of metastases in breast and colon cancer. In the present study, we looked at the effect of diet modification on the expression of microRNA in normal liver and liver with breast cancer metastases using in vivo model. Methodology 6-month-old C57BL/6 J mice were put on either an ad libitum (AL) diet, or 40% calorie restricted (CR) diet or were fasted for 24 h (FA) before sacrifice. MicroRNA array analysis, western blot and qRT-PCR were performed using liver tissue to compare the treatment groups. A breast cancer model was also used to study the changes in microRNA expression in liver of a group of BALB/c mice orthotopically injected with 4 T1 cells in the mammary fat pad, put on either an AL or 30% CR diet. Liver and primary tumor tissues were used to perform qRT-PCR to compare the treatment groups. Results MicroRNA array analysis showed significant changes in miRNA expression in both CR and FA conditions in normal liver. Expression of miR-29 and miR-30 family members was increased in both CR and FA. Western blot analysis of the normal liver tissue showed that CR and FA downregulated the IGF-1/Akt pathway and qRT-PCR showed that the expression of miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-30a and miR-30b were increased with CR and FA. Liver tissue collected from mice in the breast cancer model showed an increase in expression of miR-29b, miR-29c and miR-30b while tumor tissue showed increased expression of miR-29c, miR-30a and miR-30b. Discussion Members of the miR-29 family are known to target and suppress IGF-1, while members of the miR-30 family are known to target and suppress both IGF-1 and IGF-1R. In the present study, we observe that calorie restriction increased the expression of miR-29 and miR-30 in both the normal liver as well as the liver with breast cancer metastases. These findings suggest that dietary alterations may play a role in the treatment of liver metastasis, which should be evaluated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha A Shastri
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Anthony Saleh
- 2Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jason E Savage
- 2Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Tiziana DeAngelis
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- 2Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nicole L Simone
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
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17
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Saitoh Y, Umezaki T, Yonekura N, Nakawa A. Resveratrol potentiates intracellular ascorbic acid enrichment through dehydroascorbic acid transport and/or its intracellular reduction in HaCaT cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 467:57-64. [PMID: 32080778 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid (AsA), a reduced vitamin C (VC), is an important antioxidant, and the internal accumulation and maintenance of AsA are thought to play a significant role in various physiological activities in humans. We focused on resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenolic compound, as a candidate for an AsA transport modulator and investigated whether RSV can affect the intracellular VC accumulation after either AsA or dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) addition in HaCaT keratinocytes. Our results demonstrate that RSV treatment could significantly enhance intracellular VC levels after either AsA or DHA supplementation, and intracellular VC accumulated mainly as AsA. Our results also indicate that most of the intracellular transported DHA was reduced to AsA and accumulated after uptake into cells. In addition, RSV could induce several AsA or DHA transport-related and intracellular DHA reduction-related genes including SVCT2, GLUT3, TXNRD2, and TXNRD3, necessary for AsA transport, DHA transport, and DHA reduction/regeneration, respectively. On the other hand, the both protein expression levels and the localizations of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters 2 (SVCT2) and glucose transporter 3(GLUT3) were scarcely affected by RSV treatment. Furthermore, RSV-induced enrichment of intracellular AsA levels was completely suppressed by a GLUT inhibitor cytochalasin B. These results suggest that RSV can potentiate intracellular AsA accumulation via activation of the DHA transport and subsequent intracellular reduction from DHA to AsA. Thus, RSV might be useful for maintaining substantial AsA accumulation in the skin keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Saitoh
- Laboratory of Bioscience & Biotechnology for Cell Function Control, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan.
| | - Taiki Umezaki
- Laboratory of Bioscience & Biotechnology for Cell Function Control, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan
| | - Nene Yonekura
- Laboratory of Bioscience & Biotechnology for Cell Function Control, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakawa
- Laboratory of Bioscience & Biotechnology for Cell Function Control, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan
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18
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Cassidy D, Epiney DG, Salameh C, Zhou LT, Salomon RN, Schirmer AE, McVey M, Bolterstein E. Evidence for premature aging in a Drosophila model of Werner syndrome. Exp Gerontol 2019; 127:110733. [PMID: 31518666 PMCID: PMC6935377 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive progeroid disease characterized by patients' early onset of aging, increased risk of cancer and other age-related pathologies. WS is caused by mutations in WRN, a RecQ helicase that has essential roles responding to DNA damage and preventing genomic instability. While human WRN has both an exonuclease and helicase domain, Drosophila WRNexo has high genetic and functional homology to only the exonuclease domain of WRN. Like WRN-deficient human cells, Drosophila WRNexo null mutants (WRNexoΔ) are sensitive to replication stress, demonstrating mechanistic similarities between these two models. Compared to age-matched wild-type controls, WRNexoΔ flies exhibit increased physiological signs of aging, such as shorter lifespans, higher tumor incidence, muscle degeneration, reduced climbing ability, altered behavior, and reduced locomotor activity. Interestingly, these effects are more pronounced in females suggesting sex-specific differences in the role of WRNexo in aging. This and future mechanistic studies will contribute to our knowledge in linking faulty DNA repair mechanisms with the process of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Cassidy
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. Saint Louis Ave, Chicago, IL 60625, United States of America
| | - Derek G Epiney
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. Saint Louis Ave, Chicago, IL 60625, United States of America
| | - Charlotte Salameh
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. Saint Louis Ave, Chicago, IL 60625, United States of America
| | - Luhan T Zhou
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. Saint Louis Ave, Chicago, IL 60625, United States of America
| | - Robert N Salomon
- Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 20111, United States of America
| | - Aaron E Schirmer
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. Saint Louis Ave, Chicago, IL 60625, United States of America.
| | - Mitch McVey
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Ste. 4741, Medford, MA 20155, United States of America.
| | - Elyse Bolterstein
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. Saint Louis Ave, Chicago, IL 60625, United States of America.
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19
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Studying Werner syndrome to elucidate mechanisms and therapeutics of human aging and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2019; 20:255-269. [PMID: 30666569 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural and unavoidable part of life. However, aging is also the primary driver of the dominant human diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Unraveling the sophisticated molecular mechanisms of the human aging process may provide novel strategies to extend 'healthy aging' and the cure of human aging-related diseases. Werner syndrome (WS), is a heritable human premature aging disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Werner (WRN) DNA helicase. As a classical premature aging disease, etiological exploration of WS can shed light on the mechanisms of normal human aging and facilitate the development of interventional strategies to improve healthspan. Here, we summarize the latest progress of the molecular understandings of WRN protein, highlight the advantages of using different WS model systems, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) systems. Further studies on WS will propel drug development for WS patients, and possibly also for normal age-related diseases.
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20
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Richardson DP, Ansell J, Drummond LN. The nutritional and health attributes of kiwifruit: a review. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2659-2676. [PMID: 29470689 PMCID: PMC6267416 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the nutritional and health attributes of kiwifruit and the benefits relating to improved nutritional status, digestive, immune and metabolic health. The review includes a brief history of green and gold varieties of kiwifruit from an ornamental curiosity from China in the 19th century to a crop of international economic importance in the 21st century; comparative data on their nutritional composition, particularly the high and distinctive amount of vitamin C; and an update on the latest available scientific evidence from well-designed and executed human studies on the multiple beneficial physiological effects. Of particular interest are the digestive benefits for healthy individuals as well as for those with constipation and other gastrointestinal disorders, including symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. The mechanisms of action behind the gastrointestinal effects, such as changes in faecal (stool) consistency, decrease in transit time and reduction of abdominal discomfort, relate to the water retention capacity of kiwifruit fibre, favourable changes in the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, as well as the naturally present proteolytic enzyme actinidin, which aids protein digestion both in the stomach and the small intestine. The effects of kiwifruit on metabolic markers of cardiovascular disease and diabetes are also investigated, including studies on glucose and insulin balance, bodyweight maintenance and energy homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS The increased research data and growing consumer awareness of the health benefits of kiwifruit provide logical motivation for their regular consumption as part of a balanced diet. Kiwifruit should be considered as part of a natural and effective dietary strategy to tackle some of the major health and wellness concerns around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliet Ansell
- Zespri International Ltd., 400 Maunganui Road, Mount Maunganui 3116, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Lynley N Drummond
- Drummond Food Science Advisory Ltd., 1137 Drain Road, Killinchy, 7682, New Zealand.
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21
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Mukherjee S, Sinha D, Bhattacharya S, Srinivasan K, Abdisalaam S, Asaithamby A. Werner Syndrome Protein and DNA Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113442. [PMID: 30400178 PMCID: PMC6274846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Werner Syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the premature development of aging features. Individuals with WS also have a greater predisposition to rare cancers that are mesenchymal in origin. Werner Syndrome Protein (WRN), the protein mutated in WS, is unique among RecQ family proteins in that it possesses exonuclease and 3' to 5' helicase activities. WRN forms dynamic sub-complexes with different factors involved in DNA replication, recombination and repair. WRN binding partners either facilitate its DNA metabolic activities or utilize it to execute their specific functions. Furthermore, WRN is phosphorylated by multiple kinases, including Ataxia telangiectasia mutated, Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related, c-Abl, Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, in response to genotoxic stress. These post-translational modifications are critical for WRN to function properly in DNA repair, replication and recombination. Accumulating evidence suggests that WRN plays a crucial role in one or more genome stability maintenance pathways, through which it suppresses cancer and premature aging. Among its many functions, WRN helps in replication fork progression, facilitates the repair of stalled replication forks and DNA double-strand breaks associated with replication forks, and blocks nuclease-mediated excessive processing of replication forks. In this review, we specifically focus on human WRN's contribution to replication fork processing for maintaining genome stability and suppressing premature aging. Understanding WRN's molecular role in timely and faithful DNA replication will further advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Debapriya Sinha
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Souparno Bhattacharya
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Kalayarasan Srinivasan
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Salim Abdisalaam
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Aroumougame Asaithamby
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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22
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Hui CW, St-Pierre MK, Detuncq J, Aumailley L, Dubois MJ, Couture V, Skuk D, Marette A, Tremblay JP, Lebel M, Tremblay MÈ. Nonfunctional mutant Wrn protein leads to neurological deficits, neuronal stress, microglial alteration, and immune imbalance in a mouse model of Werner syndrome. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:450-469. [PMID: 29908963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a RecQ-family DNA helicase, WRN. Mice lacking part of the helicase domain of the WRN orthologue exhibit many phenotypic features of WS, including metabolic abnormalities and a shorter lifespan. Yet, little is known about the impact of WRN mutations on the central nervous system in both humans and mouse models of WS. In the current study, we have performed a longitudinal behavioral assessment on mice bearing a Wrn helicase deletion. Behavioral tests demonstrated a loss of motor activity and coordination, reduction in perception, increase in repetitive behavior, and deficits in both spatial and social novelty memories in Wrn mutant mice compared to age-matched wild type mice. These neurological deficits were associated with biochemical and histological changes in the brain of aged Wrn mutant mice. Microglia, resident immune cells that regulate neuronal plasticity and function in the brain, were hyper-ramified in multiple regions involved with the behavioral deficits of Wrn mutant mice. Furthermore, western analyses indicated that Wrn mutant mice exhibited an increase of oxidative stress markers in the prefrontal cortex. Supporting these findings, electron microscopy studies revealed increased cellular aging and oxidative stress features, among microglia and neurons respectively, in the prefrontal cortex of aged Wrn mutant mice. In addition, multiplex immunoassay of serum identified significant changes in the expression levels of several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these findings indicate that microglial dysfunction and neuronal oxidative stress, associated with peripheral immune system alterations, might be important driving forces leading to abnormal neurological symptoms in WS thus suggesting potential therapeutic targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Wai Hui
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Blvd., Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Kim St-Pierre
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Blvd., Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jérôme Detuncq
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Blvd., Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Lucie Aumailley
- Axe endocrinologie/néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Blvd., Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Julie Dubois
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Vanessa Couture
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Blvd., Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Daniel Skuk
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Blvd., Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Jacques P Tremblay
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Blvd., Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Axe endocrinologie/néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Blvd., Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), 2705 Laurier Blvd., Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Chaudhari SN, Kipreos ET. The Energy Maintenance Theory of Aging: Maintaining Energy Metabolism to Allow Longevity. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800005. [PMID: 29901833 PMCID: PMC6314662 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fused, elongated mitochondria are more efficient in generating ATP than fragmented mitochondria. In diverse C. elegans longevity pathways, increased levels of fused mitochondria are associated with lifespan extension. Blocking mitochondrial fusion in these animals abolishes their extended longevity. The long-lived C. elegans vhl-1 mutant is an exception that does not have increased fused mitochondria, and is not dependent on fusion for longevity. Loss of mammalian VHL upregulates alternate energy generating pathways. This suggests that mitochondrial fusion facilitates longevity in C. elegans by increasing energy metabolism. In diverse animals, ATP levels broadly decreases with age. Substantial evidence supports the theory that increasing or maintaining energy metabolism promotes the survival of older animals. Increased ATP levels in older animals allow energy-intensive repair and homeostatic mechanisms such as proteostasis that act to prevent cellular aging. These observations support the emerging paradigm that maintaining energy metabolism promotes the survival of older animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal N. Chaudhari
- Department of Cellular Biology University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602
- Present address: Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115
| | - Edward T. Kipreos
- Department of Cellular Biology University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602
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24
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Ferreli C, Gasparini G, Parodi A, Cozzani E, Rongioletti F, Atzori L. Cutaneous Manifestations of Scleroderma and Scleroderma-Like Disorders: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 53:306-336. [PMID: 28712039 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Scleroderma refers to an autoimmune connective tissue fibrosing disease, including three different subsets: localized scleroderma, limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis with divergent patterns of organ involvement, autoantibody profiles, management, and prognostic implications. Although systemic sclerosis is considered the disease prototype that causes cutaneous sclerosis, there are many other conditions that can mimic and be confused with SSc. They can be classified into immune-mediated/inflammatory, immune-mediated/inflammatory with abnormal deposit (mucinoses), genetic, drug-induced and toxic, metabolic, panniculitis/vascular, and (para)neoplastic disorders according to clinico-pathological and pathogenetic correlations. This article reviews the clinical presentation with emphasis on cutaneous disease, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options available for the different forms of scleroderma firstly and for scleroderma-like disorders, including scleromyxedema, scleredema, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, eosinophilic fasciitis, chronic graft-versus-host disease, porphyria cutanea tarda, diabetic stiff-hand syndrome (diabetic cheiroartropathy), and other minor forms. This latter group of conditions, termed also scleroderma mimics, sclerodermiform diseases, or pseudosclerodermas, shares the common thread of skin thickening but presents with distinct cutaneous manifestations, skin histology, and systemic implications or disease associations, differentiating each entity from the others and from scleroderma. The lack of Raynaud's phenomenon, capillaroscopic abnormalities, or scleroderma-specific autoantibodies is also important diagnostic clues. As cutaneous involvement is the earliest, most frequent and characteristic manifestation of scleroderma and sclerodermoid disorders, dermatologists are often the first-line doctors who must be able to promptly recognize skin symptoms to provide the affected patient a correct diagnosis and appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ferreli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giulia Gasparini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, DISSAL, IRCSS-AOU S. Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, DISSAL, IRCSS-AOU S. Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, DISSAL, IRCSS-AOU S. Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Rongioletti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Atzori
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Schäfer A, Mekker B, Mallick M, Vastolo V, Karaulanov E, Sebastian D, von der Lippen C, Epe B, Downes DJ, Scholz C, Niehrs C. Impaired DNA demethylation of C/EBP sites causes premature aging. Genes Dev 2018; 32:742-762. [PMID: 29884649 PMCID: PMC6049513 DOI: 10.1101/gad.311969.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, Schäfer et al. investigated whether DNA methylation alterations are involved in aging. Using knockout mice for adapter proteins for site-specific demethylation by TET methylcytosine dioxygenases Gadd45a and Ing1, they show that enhancer methylation can affect aging and imply that C/EBP proteins play an unexpected role in this process. Changes in DNA methylation are among the best-documented epigenetic alterations accompanying organismal aging. However, whether and how altered DNA methylation is causally involved in aging have remained elusive. GADD45α (growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45A) and ING1 (inhibitor of growth family member 1) are adapter proteins for site-specific demethylation by TET (ten-eleven translocation) methylcytosine dioxygenases. Here we show that Gadd45a/Ing1 double-knockout mice display segmental progeria and phenocopy impaired energy homeostasis and lipodystrophy characteristic of Cebp (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) mutants. Correspondingly, GADD45α occupies C/EBPβ/δ-dependent superenhancers and, cooperatively with ING1, promotes local DNA demethylation via long-range chromatin loops to permit C/EBPβ recruitment. The results indicate that enhancer methylation can affect aging and imply that C/EBP proteins play an unexpected role in this process. Our study suggests a causal nexus between DNA demethylation, metabolism, and organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carina von der Lippen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Damien J Downes
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Carola Scholz
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center-Center for Molecular Biology (DKFZ-ZMBH) Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Aumailley L, Roux-Dalvai F, Kelly I, Droit A, Lebel M. Vitamin C alters the amount of specific endoplasmic reticulum associated proteins involved in lipid metabolism in the liver of mice synthesizing a nonfunctional Werner syndrome (Wrn) mutant protein. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193170. [PMID: 29494634 PMCID: PMC5832228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a protein containing both a DNA exonuclease and DNA helicase domain. Mice lacking the helicase domain of the Wrn protein orthologue exhibit transcriptomic and metabolic alterations, some of which are reversed by vitamin C. Recent studies on these animals indicated that the mutant protein is associated with enriched endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fractions of tissues resulting in an ER stress response. In this study, we identified proteins that exhibit actual level differences in the ER enriched fraction between the liver of wild type and Wrn mutant mice using quantitative proteomic profiling with label-free Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) and immunoblotting were performed to validate findings in a secondary independent cohort of wild type and Wrn mutant mice. DAVID 6.7 (NIH) was used for functional annotation analysis and indicated that the identified proteins exhibiting level changes between untreated wild type, Wrn mutant, and vitamin C treated Wrn mutant mice (ANOVA P–value < 0.05) were involved in fatty acid and steroid metabolism pathways (Bonferroni P-value = 0.0137). Finally, when we compared the transcriptomic and the proteomic data of our mouse cohorts only ~7% of the altered mRNA profiles encoding for ER gene products were consistent with their corresponding protein profiles measured by the label-free quantification methods. These results suggest that a great number of ER gene products are regulated at the post-transcriptional level in the liver of Wrn mutant mice exhibiting an ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City Québec, Canada
| | - Florence Roux-Dalvai
- Proteomics Platform Center, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Kelly
- Proteomics Platform Center, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Proteomics Platform Center, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Aumailley L, Dubois MJ, Brennan TA, Garand C, Paquet ER, Pignolo RJ, Marette A, Lebel M. Serum vitamin C levels modulate the lifespan and endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways in mice synthesizing a nonfunctional mutant WRN protein. FASEB J 2018; 32:3623-3640. [PMID: 29452565 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701176r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a RecQ-family DNA helicase (WRN). Mice lacking part of the helicase domain of the WRN ortholog exhibit several phenotypic features of WS. In this study, we generated a Wrn mutant line that, like humans, relies entirely on dietary sources of vitamin C (ascorbate) to survive, by crossing them to mice that lack the gulonolactone oxidase enzyme required for ascorbate synthesis. In the presence of 0.01% ascorbate (w/v) in drinking water, double-mutant mice exhibited a severe reduction in lifespan, small size, sterility, osteopenia, and metabolic profiles different from wild-type (WT) mice. Although increasing the dose of ascorbate to 0.4% improved dramatically the phenotypes of double-mutant mice, the metabolic and cytokine profiles were different from age-matched WT mice. Finally, double-mutant mice treated with 0.01% ascorbate revealed a permanent activation of all the 3 branches of the ER stress response pathways due to a severe chronic oxidative stress in the ER compartment. In addition, markers associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent ER-associated degradation pathway were increased. Augmenting the dose of ascorbate reversed the activation of this pathway to WT levels rendering this pathway a potential therapeutic target in WS.-Aumailley, L., Dubois, M. J., Brennan, T. A., Garand, C., Paquet, E. R., Pignolo, R. J., Marette, A., Lebel, M. Serum vitamin C levels modulate the lifespan and endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways in mice synthesizing a nonfunctional mutant WRN protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université (CHU) de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Julie Dubois
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tracy A Brennan
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chantal Garand
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université (CHU) de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric R Paquet
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - André Marette
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université (CHU) de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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28
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The influence of cellular senescence on intracellular vitamin C transport, accumulation, and function. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 446:209-219. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lebel M, Monnat RJ. Werner syndrome (WRN) gene variants and their association with altered function and age-associated diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:82-97. [PMID: 29146545 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a heritable autosomal recessive human disorder characterized by the premature onset of several age-associated pathologies including cancer. The protein defective in WS patients, WRN, is encoded by a member of the human RECQ gene family that contains both a DNA exonuclease and a helicase domain. WRN has been shown to participate in several DNA metabolic pathways including DNA replication, recombination and repair, as well as telomere maintenance and transcription modulation. Here we review base pair-level genetic variation that has been documented in WRN, with an emphasis on non-synonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their associations with anthropomorphic features, longevity and disease risk. These associations have been challenging to identify, as many reported WRN SNP associations appear to be further conditioned upon ethnic, age, gender or other environmental co-variables. The WRN variant phenotypic associations identified to date are intriguing, and several are of clear clinical import. Consequently, it will be important to extend these initial associations and to identify the mechanisms and conditions under which specific WRN variants may compromise WRN function to drive cellular and organismal phenotypes as well as disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lebel
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon CHUL Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Raymond J Monnat
- Departments of Pathology and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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High Circulating Levels of ANGPTL2: Beyond a Clinical Marker of Systemic Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1096385. [PMID: 29138671 PMCID: PMC5613648 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1096385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 2 (ANGPTL2) is a proinflammatory protein belonging to the angiopoietin-like family. ANGPTL2 is secreted and detected in the systemic circulation. Different observational clinical studies reported that circulating levels of ANGPTL2 increase significantly in various chronic inflammatory diseases and showed associations between ANGPTL2 levels and diagnosis and/or prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and various types of cancers. However, these studies did not address the following questions: (a) what are the sources of circulating ANGPTL2? (b) How and by which mechanisms an increase in circulating ANGPTL2 contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases? (c) Does an increase in circulating levels of ANGPTL2 measured in a well-defined chronic medical condition originate from a specific cell type? Mechanistic hypotheses have been proposed based on studies performed in mice and cultured cells, and proinflammatory, prooxidative, proangiogenic, proliferative, and antiapoptotic properties of ANGPTL2 have been reported. The aim of this review is to propose answers concerning the potential sources of circulating ANGPTL2 and its common pathological properties associated with various chronic inflammatory diseases and death in humans. We believe that high circulating ANGPTL2 levels are more than an inflammatory marker and may reflect the senescent cellular load of an individual.
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31
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Kubben N, Misteli T. Shared molecular and cellular mechanisms of premature ageing and ageing-associated diseases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:595-609. [PMID: 28792007 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is the predominant risk factor for many common diseases. Human premature ageing diseases are powerful model systems to identify and characterize cellular mechanisms that underpin physiological ageing. Their study also leads to a better understanding of the causes, drivers and potential therapeutic strategies of common diseases associated with ageing, including neurological disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Using the rare premature ageing disorder Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome as a paradigm, we discuss here the shared mechanisms between premature ageing and ageing-associated diseases, including defects in genetic, epigenetic and metabolic pathways; mitochondrial and protein homeostasis; cell cycle; and stem cell-regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nard Kubben
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Lin YH, Jewell BE, Gingold J, Lu L, Zhao R, Wang LL, Lee DF. Osteosarcoma: Molecular Pathogenesis and iPSC Modeling. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:737-755. [PMID: 28735817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare hereditary disorders provide unequivocal evidence of the importance of genes in human disease pathogenesis. Familial syndromes that predispose to osteosarcomagenesis are invaluable in understanding the underlying genetics of this malignancy. Recently, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been successfully utilized to model Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS)-associated bone malignancy, demonstrating that iPSCs can serve as an in vitro disease model to elucidate osteosarcoma etiology. We provide here an overview of osteosarcoma predisposition syndromes and review recently established iPSC disease models for these familial syndromes. Merging molecular information gathered from these models with the current knowledge of osteosarcoma biology will help us to gain a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying osteosarcomagenesis and will potentially aid in the development of future patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Brittany E Jewell
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Julian Gingold
- Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Linchao Lu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics and School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Vitamin C, Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070670. [PMID: 28654021 PMCID: PMC5537785 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence in mice models of accelerated senescence indicates a rescuing role of ascorbic acid in premature aging. Supplementation of ascorbic acid appeared to halt cell growth, oxidative stress, telomere attrition, disorganization of chromatin, and excessive secretion of inflammatory factors, and extend lifespan. Interestingly, ascorbic acid (AA) was also found to positively modulate inflamm-aging and immunosenescence, two hallmarks of biological aging. Moreover, ascorbic acid has been shown to epigenetically regulate genome integrity and stability, indicating a key role of targeted nutrition in healthy aging. Growing in vivo evidence supports the role of ascorbic acid in ameliorating factors linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, although evidence in humans yielded equivocal results. The neuroprotective role of ascorbic acid not only relies on the general free radical trapping, but also on the suppression of pro-inflammatory genes, mitigating neuroinflammation, on the chelation of iron, copper, and zinc, and on the suppression of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) fibrillogenesis. Epidemiological evidence linking diet, one of the most important modifiable lifestyle factors, and risk of Alzheimer's disease is rapidly increasing. Thus, dietary interventions, as a way to epigenetically modulate the human genome, may play a role in the prevention of AD. The present review is aimed at providing an up to date overview of the main biological mechanisms that are associated with ascorbic acid supplementation/bioavailability in the process of aging and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, we will address new fields of research and future directions.
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Aumailley L, Warren A, Garand C, Dubois MJ, Paquet ER, Le Couteur DG, Marette A, Cogger VC, Lebel M. Vitamin C modulates the metabolic and cytokine profiles, alleviates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress, and increases the life span of Gulo-/- mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:458-83. [PMID: 26922388 PMCID: PMC4833140 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Suboptimal intake of dietary vitamin C (ascorbate) increases the risk of several chronic diseases but the exact metabolic pathways affected are still unknown. In this study, we examined the metabolic profile of mice lacking the enzyme gulonolactone oxidase (Gulo) required for the biosynthesis of ascorbate. Gulo−/− mice were supplemented with 0%, 0.01%, and 0.4% ascorbate (w/v) in drinking water and serum was collected for metabolite measurements by targeted mass spectrometry. We also quantified 42 serum cytokines and examined the levels of different stress markers in liver. The metabolic profiles of Gulo−/− mice treated with ascorbate were different from untreated Gulo−/− and normal wild type mice. The cytokine profiles of Gulo−/− mice, in return, overlapped the profile of wild type animals upon 0.01% or 0.4% vitamin C supplementation. The life span of Gulo−/− mice increased with the amount of ascorbate in drinking water. It also correlated significantly with the ratios of serum arginine/lysine, tyrosine/phenylalanine, and the ratio of specific species of saturated/unsaturated phosphatidylcholines. Finally, levels of hepatic phosphorylated endoplasmic reticulum associated stress markers IRE1α and eIF2α correlated inversely with serum ascorbate and life span suggesting that vitamin C modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress response and longevity in Gulo−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alessandra Warren
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging and ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chantal Garand
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Julie Dubois
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric R Paquet
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging and ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging and ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Tokita M, Kennedy SR, Risques RA, Chun SG, Pritchard C, Oshima J, Liu Y, Bryant-Greenwood PK, Welcsh P, Monnat RJ. Werner syndrome through the lens of tissue and tumour genomics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32038. [PMID: 27559010 PMCID: PMC4997333 DOI: 10.1038/srep32038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is the canonical adult human progeroid ('premature aging') syndrome. Patients with this autosomal recessive Mendelian disorder display constitutional genomic instability and an elevated risk of important age-associated diseases including cancer. Remarkably few analyses of WS patient tissue and tumors have been performed to provide insight into WS disease pathogenesis or the high risk of neoplasia. We used autopsy tissue from four mutation-typed WS patients to characterize pathologic and genomic features of WS, and to determine genomic features of three neoplasms arising in two of these patients. The results of these analyses provide new information on WS pathology and genomics; provide a first genomic characterization of neoplasms arising in WS; and provide new histopathologic and genomic data to test several popular models of WS disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tokita
- Department of Medicine Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Scott R. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Rosa Ana Risques
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Stephen G. Chun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Colin Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Peter K. Bryant-Greenwood
- Department of Pathology, John Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Piri Welcsh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Raymond J. Monnat
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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Xu HJ, Jiang WD, Feng L, Liu Y, Wu P, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ. Dietary vitamin C deficiency depresses the growth, head kidney and spleen immunity and structural integrity by regulating NF-κB, TOR, Nrf2, apoptosis and MLCK signaling in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 52:111-138. [PMID: 26944716 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary vitamin C on the growth, and head kidney, spleen and skin immunity, structural integrity and related signaling molecules mRNA expression levels of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 grass carp (264.37 ± 0.66 g) were fed six diets with graded levels of vitamin C (2.9, 44.2, 89.1, 133.8, 179.4 and 224.5 mg/kg diet) for 10 weeks. Subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila and the survival rate recorded for 14 days. The results indicated that compared with optimal vitamin C supplementation, vitamin C deficiency (2.9 mg/kg diet) decreased lysozyme (LA) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, and complement 3 and complement 4 (C4) contents (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides [liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP) 2A, LEAP-2B, hepcidin, β-defensin] and anti-inflammatory cytokines-related factors, interleukin (IL) 4/13A, IL-4/13B (only in head kidney), IL-10, IL-11, transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, TGF-β2, inhibitor of κBα and eIF4E-binding protein 1 (P < 0.05), and up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines-related factors, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 P35 (only in spleen), IL-12 P40, IL-15, IL-17D, nuclear factor κB p65, IκB kinases (IKKα, IKKβ, IKKγ), target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the head kidney and spleen under injection fish of A. hydrophila, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency could decrease fish head kidney and spleen immunity and cause inflammation. Meanwhile, compared with optimal vitamin C supplementation, vitamin C deficiency decreased the activities and mRNA levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases and glutathione reductase (P < 0.05), and down-regulated zonula occludens (ZO) 1, ZO-2, Claudin-b, -c, -3c, -7a, -7b, B-cell lymphoma-2, inhibitor of apoptosis protein, NF-E2-related factor 2 mRNA levels (P < 0.05), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents (P < 0.05), and up-regulated Claudin-12, 15a, -15b, Fas ligand, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, B-cell lymphoma protein 2 associated X protein, apoptotic protease activating factor-1, caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, Kelch-like ECH-associating protein (Keap) 1a and Keap 1b mRNA levels (P < 0.05) in the head kidney and spleen under injection fish of A. hydrophila, suggesting that vitamin C deficiency could decrease fish head kidney and spleen structural integrity through depression of antioxidative ability, induction of apoptosis and disruption of tight junctional complexes. In addition, except the activities of ACP and MnSOD, and mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, Occludin and MnSOD, the effect of vitamin C on fish head kidney, spleen and skin immunity and structural integrity other indicators model are similar under infection of A. hydrophila. Finally, the vitamin C requirement for the growth performance (PWG) of young grass carp was estimated to be 92.8 mg/kg diet. Meanwhile, the vitamin C requirement for against skin lesion morbidity of young grass carp was estimated to be 122.9 mg/kg diet. In addition, based on the biochemical indices [immune indices (LA activity in the head kidney and C4 content in the spleen) and antioxidant indices (MDA content in the head kidney and ROS content in the spleen)] the vitamin C requirements for young grass carp were estimated to be 131.2, 137.5, 135.8 and 129.8 mg/kg diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Swahari V, Nakamura A. Speeding up the clock: The past, present and future of progeria. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 58:116-30. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Swahari
- Neuroscience Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Ayumi Nakamura
- Neuroscience Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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Impact of vitamin C on the cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles of mice lacking a functional Werner syndrome protein helicase. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:192-203. [PMID: 26521679 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a DNA helicase/exonuclease. Mice lacking the helicase domain of this protein exhibit metabolic abnormalities that are reversed by vitamin C. In this study, we used a targeted metabolomic approach to identify serum metabolites significantly altered in young mutant mice treated with or without vitamin C. We also measured several serum inflammatory and cardiometabolic factors. We show that young mutant mice exhibit an increase in serum hydroxyproline and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), markers of cardiovascular diseases and inflammation, before they exhibit morphological anomalies in different tissues. We also observed an increase in three very long chain lysophosphatidylcholines underlying peroxisome perturbation. Vitamin C reversed the concentrations of these metabolites and PAI-1 to wild type values. Transcriptomic analyses on the liver of mutant mice revealed a decrease in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid degradation compared to wild type animals. Vitamin C treatment increased the expression of genes involved in glutathione metabolism and the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in these mice. These results show that changes at the transcriptomic level concord with the alterations of several serum metabolites in these mice. Finally, we found that a mislocalization of the Wrn mutant protein in the liver endoplasmic reticulum fraction increased oxidative stress in that cellular compartment. Vitamin C reversed this oxidative stress. To conclude, this study provides novel potential predictive cardiometabolic biomarkers in WS that will allow the assessment of the impact of vitamin C on patients with WS.
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Aumailley L, Garand C, Dubois MJ, Johnson FB, Marette A, Lebel M. Metabolic and Phenotypic Differences between Mice Producing a Werner Syndrome Helicase Mutant Protein and Wrn Null Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140292. [PMID: 26447695 PMCID: PMC4598085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a RecQ-family DNA helicase, WRN. Mice lacking part of the helicase domain of the WRN orthologue exhibit many phenotypic features of WS, including metabolic abnormalities and a shorter mean life span. In contrast, mice lacking the entire Wrn protein (i.e. Wrn null mice) do not exhibit a premature aging phenotype. In this study, we used a targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach to identify serum metabolites that are differentially altered in young Wrn helicase mutant and Wrn null mice. An antibody-based quantification of 43 serum cytokines and markers of cardiovascular disease risk complemented this study. We found that Wrn helicase mutants exhibited elevated and decreased levels, respectively, of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18. Wrn helicase mutants also exhibited an increase in serum hydroxyproline and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, markers of extracellular matrix remodeling of the vascular system and inflammation in aging. We also observed an abnormal increase in the ratio of very long chain to short chain lysophosphatidylcholines in the Wrn helicase mutants underlying a peroxisome perturbation in these mice. Remarkably, the Wrn mutant helicase protein was mislocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum and the peroxisomal fractions in liver tissues. Additional analyses with mouse embryonic fibroblasts indicated a severe defect of the autophagy flux in cells derived from Wrn helicase mutants compared to wild type and Wrn null animals. These results indicate that the deleterious effects of the helicase-deficient Wrn protein are mediated by the dysfunction of several cellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Garand
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Julie Dubois
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - F. Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Cheung HH, Pei D, Chan WY. Stem cell aging in adult progeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 4:6. [PMID: 26435834 PMCID: PMC4592574 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-015-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is considered an irreversible biological process and also a major risk factor for a spectrum of geriatric diseases. Advanced age-related decline in physiological functions, such as neurodegeneration, development of cardiovascular disease, endocrine and metabolic dysfunction, and neoplastic transformation, has become the focus in aging research. Natural aging is not regarded as a programmed process. However, accelerated aging due to inherited genetic defects in patients of progeria is programmed and resembles many aspects of natural aging. Among several premature aging syndromes, Werner syndrome (WS) and Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) are two broadly investigated diseases. In this review, we discuss how stem cell aging in WS helps us understand the biology of aging. We also discuss briefly how the altered epigenetic landscape in aged cells can be reversed to a “juvenile” state. Lastly, we explore the potential application of the latest genomic editing technique for stem cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Hung Cheung
- CUHK-CAS GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- CUHK-CAS GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong S.A.R., China ; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room G03A, Lo Kwee-Seong Intergrated Biomedical Science Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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François M, Leifert W, Tellam R, Fenech M. G-quadruplexes: A possible epigenetic target for nutrition. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 764:101-7. [PMID: 26041269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4) are highly stable tetra-stranded secondary DNA structures known to mediate gene regulation. These structures are resolved by DNA helicases and are believed to be a causal factor in the phenotype of premature ageing disorders following mutations in DNA helicase genes. The relevance of G4 structures in ageing may be further implicated by their dynamic relationship with DNA modification mechanisms. When DNA methylation and oxidation occur at the vicinity of G4 elements, they can affect the stability of G4 structures which may in turn mediate gene expression resulting in deleterious effects on genome integrity. Therefore, the influence of nutritional deficiencies or excess on oxidation and methylation mechanisms may be contributing factors affecting the stability of G4 structures and their balance in the human genome. We propose that dietary nutrients such as folate and antioxidants may play a beneficial role in reducing G4-induced DNA damage through changes in G4 structure stability. The current knowledge advocates the importance of resolving G4 structures by DNA helicases for sustained genome integrity, and the existence of stability changes in G4 structures when associated with DNA methylation and oxidation modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime François
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Nutrigenomics and DNA Damage, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Wayne Leifert
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Nutrigenomics and DNA Damage, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Ross Tellam
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Nutrigenomics and DNA Damage, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Guo P, Zeng JJ, Zhou N. A novel experimental study on the fabrication and biological characteristics of canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet using vitamin C. SCANNING 2015; 37:42-48. [PMID: 25588682 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to fabricate canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheet through the use of vitamin C, to identify the biological characteristics of the resulting cell sheets, and to reveal the potential mechanism of cell-sheet promotion by vitamin C. This study used vitamin C to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to proliferate. The resulting cells secreted large amounts of collagen, thereby shortening the construction time of the cell-sheet layer. In addition to these aims, we identified biological microcharacteristics of the cell sheet through histological observation, transmission electron microscopy, real-time PCR detection, immunohistochemical detection, and osteogenesis-induction experiments on the cell sheet. We were able to stably and rapidly construct bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheet, effectively harvest it, and transfer the seed cells for tissue engineering. This study indicates that the use of vitamin C for harvesting mesenchymal stem cell sheets from bone marrow may provide an easy and practical approach for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- College of Stomatology, GuangXi Mediceal University, Nanning Guangxi, China
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Dallaire A, Proulx S, Simard MJ, Lebel M. Expression profile of Caenorhabditis elegans mutant for the Werner syndrome gene ortholog reveals the impact of vitamin C on development to increase life span. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:940. [PMID: 25346348 PMCID: PMC4221712 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Werner Syndrome (WS) is a rare disorder characterized by the premature onset of a number of age-related diseases. The gene responsible for WS encodes a DNA helicase/exonuclease protein believed to affect different aspects of transcription, replication, and DNA repair. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) with a nonfunctional wrn-1 DNA helicase ortholog also exhibits a shorter life span, which can be rescued by vitamin C. In this study, we analyzed the impact of a mutation in the wrn-1 gene and the dietary supplementation of vitamin C on the global mRNA expression of the whole C. elegans by the RNA-seq technology. Results Vitamin C increased the mean life span of the wrn-1(gk99) mutant and the N2 wild type strains at 25°C. However, the alteration of gene expression by vitamin C is different between wrn-1(gk99) and wild type strains. We observed alteration in the expression of 1522 genes in wrn-1(gk99) worms compared to wild type animals. Such genes significantly affected the metabolism of lipid, cellular ketone, organic acid, and carboxylic acids. Vitamin C, in return, altered the expression of genes in wrn-1(gk99) worms involved in locomotion and anatomical structure development. Proteolysis was the only biological process significantly affected by vitamin C in wild type worms. Conclusions Expression profiling of wrn-1(gk99) worms revealed a very different response to the addition of vitamin C compared to wild type worms. Finally, vitamin C extended the life span of wrn-1(gk99) animals by altering biological processes involved mainly in locomotion and anatomical structure development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-940) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Québec (CHU de Québec Research Center), 9 McMahon Sreet, Québec City G1R 2 J6, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Erol
- Erol Project Development House for the disorders of energy metabolism, Internal medicine, Muammer Aksoy Caddesi, Elmas sokak 4, Silivri, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Brett JO, Rando TA. Alive and well? Exploring disease by studying lifespan. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2014; 26:33-40. [PMID: 25005743 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A common concept in aging research is that chronological age is the most important risk factor for the development of diverse diseases, including degenerative diseases and cancers. The mechanistic link between the aging process and disease pathogenesis, however, is still enigmatic. Nevertheless, measurement of lifespan, as a surrogate for biological aging, remains among the most frequently used assays in aging research. In this review, we examine the connection between 'normal aging' and age-related disease from the point of view that they form a continuum of aging phenotypes. This notion of common mechanisms gives rise to the converse postulate that diseases may be risk factors for accelerated aging. We explore the advantages and caveats associated with using lifespan as a metric to understand cell and tissue aging, focusing on the elucidation of molecular mechanisms and potential therapies for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie O Brett
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Neurology Service and Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Nakanishi A, Wada Y, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Link between PI3K/AKT/PTEN Pathway and NOX Proteinin Diseases. Aging Dis 2014; 5:203-11. [PMID: 24900943 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0500203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that thePI3K/AKT/PTENpathway acts as a pivotal determinant of cell fate regarding senescence and apoptosis, which is mediated by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. NADPH oxidase (NOX) family of enzymes generates the ROS. The regulation of NOX enzymes is complex, with many members of this family exhibiting complexity in terms of subunit composition, cellular location, and tissue-specific expression. Cells are continuously exposed to the ROS, which represent mutagens and are thought to be a major contributor to several diseases including cancer and aging process. Therefore, cellular ROS sensing and metabolism are firmly regulated by a variety of proteins involved in the redox mechanism. In this review, the roles of oxidative stress in PI3K/AKT/PTEN signaling are summarized with a focus on the links between the pathways and NOX protein in several diseases including cancer and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoko Wada
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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Sugimoto M. A cascade leading to premature aging phenotypes including abnormal tumor profiles in Werner syndrome (review). Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:247-53. [PMID: 24356923 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective review focused on the Werner syndrome (WS) by addressing the issue of how a single mutation in a WRN gene encoding WRN DNA helicase induces a wide range of premature aging phenotypes accompanied by an abnormal pattern of tumors. The key event caused by WRN gene mutation is the dysfunction of telomeres. Studies on normal aging have identified a molecular circuit in which the dysfunction of telomeres caused by cellular aging activates the TP53 gene. The resultant p53 suppresses cell growth and induces a shorter cellular lifespan, and also compromises mitochondrial biogenesis leading to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing multiple aging phenotypes. As an analogy of the mechanism in natural aging, we described a hypothetical mechanism of premature aging in WS: telomere dysfunction induced by WRN mutation causes multiple premature aging phenotypes of WS, including shortened cellular lifespan and inflammation induced by ROS, such as diabetes mellitus. This model also explains the relatively late onset of the disorder, at approximately age 20. Telomere dysfunction in WS is closely correlated with abnormality in tumorigenesis. Thus, the majority of wide and complex pathological phenotypes of WS may be explained in a unified manner by the cascade beginning with telomere dysfunction initiated by WRN gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Sugimoto
- GeneCare Research Institute, Co. Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-0063, Japan
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Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J. Does vitamin C deficiency increase lifestyle-associated vascular disease progression? Evidence based on experimental and clinical studies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2084-104. [PMID: 23642093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Despite continuous advances in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), critical issues associated with an unhealthy lifestyle remain an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. RECENT ADVANCES A growing body of literature supports a specific role for vitamin C in a number of reactions that are associated with vascular function and control including, for example, nitric oxide bioavailability, lipid metabolism, and vascular integrity. CRITICAL ISSUES A large body of epidemiological evidence supports a relationship between poor vitamin C status and increased risk of developing CVD, and the prevalence of deficiency continues to be around 10%-20% of the general Western population although this problem could easily and cheaply be solved by supplementation. However, large intervention studies using vitamin C have not found a beneficial effect of supplementation. This review outlines the proposed mechanism by which vitamin C deficiency worsens CVD progression. In addition, it discusses problems with the currently available literature, including the discrepancies between the large intervention studies and the experimental and epidemiological literature. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Increased insights into vitamin C deficiency-mediated CVD progression will enable the design of future randomized controlled trials that are better suited to test the efficacy of vitamin C in disease prevention as well as the identification of high-risk individuals which could possibly benefit from supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Cogger VC, Svistounov D, Warren A, Zykova S, Melvin RG, Solon-Biet SM, O'Reilly JN, McMahon AC, Ballard JWO, De Cabo R, Le Couteur DG, Lebel M. Liver aging and pseudocapillarization in a Werner syndrome mouse model. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:1076-86. [PMID: 24149428 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome is a progeric syndrome characterized by premature atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and death in humans. The knockout mouse model created by deletion of the RecQ helicase domain of the mouse Wrn homologue gene (Wrn(∆hel/∆hel)) is of great interest because it develops atherosclerosis and hypertriglyceridemia, conditions associated with aging liver and sinusoidal changes. Here, we show that Wrn(∆hel/∆hel) mice exhibit increased extracellular matrix, defenestration, decreased fenestration diameter, and changes in markers of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell inflammation, consistent with age-related pseudocapilliarization. In addition, hepatocytes are larger, have increased lipofuscin deposition, more frequent nuclear morphological anomalies, decreased mitochondria number, and increased mitochondrial diameter compared to wild-type mice. The Wrn(∆hel/∆hel) mice also have altered mitochondrial function and altered nuclei. Microarray data revealed that the Wrn(∆hel/∆hel) genotype does not affect the expression of many genes within the isolated hepatocytes or liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. This study reveals that Wrn(∆hel/∆hel) mice have accelerated typical age-related liver changes including pseudocapillarization. This confirms that pseudocapillarization of the liver sinusoid is a consistent feature of various aging models. Moreover, it implies that DNA repair may be implicated in normal aging changes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Cogger
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging and ANZAC Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dmitri Svistounov
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging and ANZAC Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alessandra Warren
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging and ANZAC Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Svetlana Zykova
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging and ANZAC Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard G Melvin
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging and ANZAC Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer N O'Reilly
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging and ANZAC Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aisling C McMahon
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging and ANZAC Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J William O Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rafa De Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Aging and ANZAC Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de l'Université Laval, Hôpital Hotel-Dieu de Quebec, Canada
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Dasuri K, Zhang L, Keller JN. Oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and the balance of protein degradation and protein synthesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:170-185. [PMID: 23000246 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs in a variety of disease settings and is strongly linked to the development of neuron death and neuronal dysfunction. Cells are equipped with numerous pathways to prevent the genesis, as well as the consequences, of oxidative stress in the brain. In this review we discuss the various forms and sources of oxidative stress in the brain and briefly discuss some of the complexities in detecting the presence of oxidative stress. We then focus the review on the interplay between the diverse cellular proteolytic pathways and their roles in regulating oxidative stress in the brain. Additionally, we discuss the involvement of protein synthesis in regulating the downstream effects of oxidative stress. Together, these components of the review demonstrate that the removal of damaged proteins by effective proteolysis and the synthesis of new and protective proteins are vital in the preservation of brain homeostasis during periods of increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Last, studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that protein synthesis is intricately linked to the rates of protein degradation, with impairment of protein degradation sufficient to decrease the rates of protein synthesis, which has important implications for successfully responding to periods of oxidative stress. Specific neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke, are discussed in this context. Taken together, these findings add to our understanding of how oxidative stress is effectively managed in the healthy brain and help elucidate how impairments in proteolysis and/or protein synthesis contribute to the development of neurodegeneration and neuronal dysfunction in a variety of clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalavathi Dasuri
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Le Zhang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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