1
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Chiaramonte A, Testi S, Pelosini C, Micheli C, Falaschi A, Ceccarini G, Santini F, Scarpato R. Oxidative and DNA damage in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: A one-year follow-up study. Mutat Res 2023; 827:111827. [PMID: 37352694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2023.111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of obesity and related comorbidities has long been associated with oxidative stress. The excess of adipose tissue contributes to the production of free radicals that sustain both a local and a systemic chronic inflammatory state, whereas its reduction can bring to an improvement in inflammation and oxidative stress. In our work, using the fluorescent lipid probe BODIPY® 581/591 C11 and the γH2AX foci assay, a well-known marker of DNA double strand breaks (DSB), we evaluated the extent of cell membrane oxidation and DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal weight (NW) controls and obese patients sampled before and after bariatric surgery. Compared to NW controls, we observed a marked increase in both the frequencies of oxidized cells or nuclei exhibiting phosphorylation of histone H2AX in preoperatory obese patients. After bariatric surgery, obese patients, resampled over one-year follow-up, improved oxidative damage and reduced the presence of DSB. In conclusion, the present study highlights the importance for obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery to also monitor these molecular markers during their postoperative follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiaramonte
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Testi
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Pelosini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Consuelo Micheli
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aurora Falaschi
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Scarpato
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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2
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Nelson TJ, Xu Y. Sting and p53 DNA repair pathways are compromised in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8304. [PMID: 37221295 PMCID: PMC10206146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A common finding in AD is DNA damage. Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) are particularly hazardous to neurons because their post-mitotic state forces neurons to rely on error-prone and potentially mutagenic mechanisms to repair DNA breaks. However, it remains unclear whether DNA damage results from increased DNA damage or failure of DNA repair. Oligomerization of the tumor suppressor protein p53 is an essential part of DSB repair, and p53 phosphorylated on S15 is an indicator of DNA damage. We report that the monomer:dimer ratio of phosphorylated (S15) p53 is increased by 2.86-fold in temporal lobes of AD patients compared to age-matched controls, indicating that p53 oligomerization is compromised in AD. In vitro oxidation of p53 with 100 nM H2O2 produced a similar shift in the monomer:dimer ratio. A COMET test showed a higher level of DNA degradation in AD consistent with double-strand DNA damage or inhibition of repair. Protein carbonylation was also elevated (190% of control), indicating elevated oxidative stress in AD patients. Levels of the DNA repair support protein 14-3-3σ, γ-H2AX, a phosphorylated histone marking double strand DNA breaks, and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein were all increased. cGAS-STING-interferon signaling was impaired in AD and was accompanied by a depletion of STING protein from Golgi and a failure to elevate interferon despite the presence of DSBs. The results suggest that oxidation of p53 by ROS could inhibit the DDR and decrease its ability to orchestrate DSB repair by altering the oligomerization state of p53. The failure of immune-stimulated DNA repair may contribute to cell loss in AD and suggests new therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Nelson
- Department of Neurology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25704, USA.
| | - Yunhui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25704, USA
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3
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Lino CA, de Oliveira-Silva T, Lunardon G, Balbino-Silva C, Lima VM, Huang ZP, Donato J, Takano APC, Barreto-Chaves ML, Wang DZ, Diniz GP. Ablation of miRNA-22 protects against obesity-induced adipocyte senescence and ameliorates metabolic disorders in middle-aged mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 210:111775. [PMID: 36641038 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) promotes obesity-related metabolic complications by activating cellular senescence in white adipose tissue (WAT). Growing evidence supports the importance of microRNA-22 (miR-22) in metabolic disorders and cellular senescence. Recently, we showed that miR-22 deletion attenuates obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. However, whether miR-22 mediates HFD-induced cellular senescence of WAT remains unknown. Here, we uncovered that obese mice displayed increased pri-miR-22 levels and cellular senescence in WAT. However, miR-22 ablation protected mice against HFD-induced WAT senescence. In addition, in vitro studies showed that miR-22 deletion prevented preadipocyte senescence in response to Doxorubicin (Doxo). Loss-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo revealed that miR-22 increases H2ax mRNA and γH2ax levels in preadipocytes and WAT without inducing DNA damage. Intriguingly, miR-22 ablation prevented HFD-induced increase in γH2ax levels and DNA damage in WAT. Similarly, miR-22 deletion prevented Doxo-induced increase in γH2ax levels in preadipocytes. Adipose miR-22 levels were enhanced in middle-aged mice fed a HFD than those found in young mice. Furthermore, miR-22 deletion attenuated fat mass gain and glucose imbalance induced by HFD in middle-aged mice. Overall, our findings indicate that miR-22 is a key regulator of obesity-induced WAT senescence and metabolic disorders in middle-aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lino
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Lunardon
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Balbino-Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C Takano
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela P Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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4
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Nikfarjam S, Singh KK. DNA damage response signaling: A common link between cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4380-4404. [PMID: 36156462 PMCID: PMC9972122 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) signaling ensures genomic and proteomic homeostasis to maintain a healthy genome. Dysregulation either in the form of down- or upregulation in the DDR pathways correlates with various pathophysiological states, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Impaired DDR is studied as a signature mechanism for cancer; however, it also plays a role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), inflammation, cardiovascular function, and aging, demonstrating a complex and intriguing relationship between cancer and pathophysiology of CVDs. Accordingly, there are increasing number of reports indicating higher incidences of CVDs in cancer patients. In the present review, we thoroughly discuss (1) different DDR pathways, (2) the functional cross talk among different DDR mechanisms, (3) the role of DDR in cancer, (4) the commonalities and differences of DDR between cancer and CVDs, (5) the role of DDR in pathophysiology of CVDs, (6) interventional strategies for targeting genomic instability in CVDs, and (7) future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Nikfarjam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Krishna K Singh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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5
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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6
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Scarpato R, Colosimo V, Chiaramonte A, Di Bello D, Esposti V, Falaschi A, Ghirri P, Micheli C, Testi S. High level of γH2AX phosphorylation in the cord-blood cells of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) newborns. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 881:503526. [PMID: 36031337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Newborns can experience adverse effects as a consequence of maternal or in utero exposure, altered growth of the fetus, or placental dysfunctions. Accurate characterization of gestational age allows monitoring of fetal growth, identification of deviations from the normal growth trajectory, and classification of babies as adapted, small, or large for gestational age (AGA, SGA, or LGA). The aim of this work was to evaluate nuclear and oxidative damage in umbilical cord-blood cells of newborns (sampled at birth), by applying the γH2AX assay and the fluorescent probe BODIPY581/591 C11, to detect DNA DSB and cell membrane oxidation, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in the proportion of oxidized cord-blood cells among the groups of newborns, although the LGA group showed the highest value. With regard to genome damage, elevated levels of γH2AX foci were detected in the cell nuclei from LGA newborns as compared to AGA or SGA babies, whose values did not differ from each other. Considering that the observed DNA damage, although still repairable, can represent a risk factor for obesity, metabolic diseases, or other pathologies, monitoring genome and cell integrity at birth can provide useful information for prevention of diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scarpato
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valentina Colosimo
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Chiaramonte
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Women-Child-Newborn Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenica Di Bello
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Esposti
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aurora Falaschi
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghirri
- Division of Neonatology and NICU, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Consuelo Micheli
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Testi
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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7
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Obesity-related genomic instability and altered xenobiotic metabolism: possible consequences for cancer risk and chemotherapy. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e28. [PMID: 35899852 PMCID: PMC9884759 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of obesity has led to an elevated risk for several associated diseases including cancer. Several studies have investigated the DNA damage in human blood samples and showed a clear trend towards increased DNA damage in obesity. Reduced genomic stability is thus one of the consequences of obesity, which may contribute to the related cancer risk. Whether this is influenced by compromised DNA repair has not been elucidated sufficiently yet. On the other hand, obesity has also been linked to reduced therapy survival and increased adverse effects during chemotherapy, although the available data are controversial. Despite some indications that obesity might alter hepatic metabolism, current literature in humans is insufficient, and results from animal studies are inconclusive. Here we have summarised published data on hepatic drug metabolism to understand the impact of obesity on cancer therapy better. Furthermore, we highlight knowledge gaps in the interrelationship between obesity and drug metabolism from a toxicological perspective.
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8
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Fieres J, Fischer M, Sauter C, Moreno-Villanueva M, Bürkle A, Wirtz PH. The burden of overweight: Higher body mass index, but not vital exhaustion, is associated with higher DNA damage and lower DNA repair capacity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 114:103323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Screening and Identification of Putative Long Non-Coding RNA in Childhood Obesity: Evaluation of Their Transcriptional Levels. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030529. [PMID: 35327332 PMCID: PMC8945364 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Methods: Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and microRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, a multifactorial disease that is characterized by inflammation, cardiometabolic complications, and increased cancer risk among other co-morbidities. The up/down regulation of LncRNAs and microRNAs may play an important role in this condition to identify new diagnostic/prognostic markers. The aim of the study was to identify circulating inflammatory LncRNAs in obese adolescents (n = 54) and to evaluate whether their expression behaved differently compared to normal-weight adolescents (n = 26). To have a more complete insight, the expression of some circulating miRNAs that are linked to obesity (miR-33a, miR-223, miR-142, miR-199a, miR-181a, and miR-4454) were also analyzed. Results: LncRNAs and miRNAs were extracted simultaneously from plasma samples and amplified by Real-Time PCR. Among the 86 LncRNAs that were analyzed with custom pre-designed plates, only four (RP11-347E10.1, RP11-10K16.1, LINC00657, and SNHG12) were amplified in both normal-weight and obese adolescents and only SNHG12 showed significantly lower expression compared to the normal-weight adolescents (p = 0.026). Circulating miRNAs showed a tendency to increase in obese subjects, except for miR-181a expression. LncRNAs and miRNAs correlated with some clinical and metabolic parameters. Conclusions: Our results suggest the importance of these new biomarkers to better understand the molecular mechanisms of childhood obesity and its metabolic disorder.
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Alfano R, Robinson O, Handakas E, Nawrot TS, Vineis P, Plusquin M. Perspectives and challenges of epigenetic determinants of childhood obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2022; 23 Suppl 1:e13389. [PMID: 34816569 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous increase in childhood obesity prevalence over the last few decades cannot merely be explained by genetics and evolutionary changes in the genome, implying that gene-environment interactions, such as epigenetic modifications, likely play a major role. This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence of the association between epigenetics and childhood obesity. A literature search was performed via PubMed and Scopus engines using a combination of terms related to epigenetics and pediatric obesity. Articles studying the association between epigenetic mechanisms (including DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, non-coding RNAs, and chromatin and histones modification) and obesity and/or overweight (or any related anthropometric parameters) in children (0-18 years) were included. The risk of bias was assessed with a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for non-randomized studies. One hundred twenty-one studies explored epigenetic changes related to childhood obesity. DNA methylation was the most widely investigated mechanism (N = 101 studies), followed by non-coding RNAs (N = 19 studies) with evidence suggestive of an association with childhood obesity for DNA methylation of specific genes and microRNAs (miRNAs). One study, focusing on histones modification, was identified. Heterogeneity of findings may have hindered more insights into the epigenetic changes related to childhood obesity. Gaps and challenges that future research should face are herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Alfano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Handakas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Unit of Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Human Genetic Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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11
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Li J, Zhang C, Li L, Hu X, Jia Y, Huang Y, Lyu T, Wang X, Guo X. Folate deficiency enhances the in vitro genotoxicity of bile acids in human colon and liver cells. Mutagenesis 2021; 37:34-43. [PMID: 34791379 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese subjects have a high baseline of genotoxic stress, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Given that obesity is associated with high bile acids (BA) and low folate, we aimed to determine the interactive effect of folate deficient or supplementation to the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of BA in human colon and liver cells. NCM460 and L-02 cells were cultured in folate deficient (22.6 nM) and replete (2260 nM) RPMI 1640 medium with or without 50 μM deoxycholic acid (DCA) or lithocholic acid (LCA) for 7 days. Moreover, these cells were cultured in folate supplemented (5.65, 11.3 and 22.6 μM) and standard (2.26 μM) medium with 200 μM DCA or LCA for 7 days. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Our results showed that under folate-replete condition, 50 μM DCA or LCA significantly increased the rate of micronuclei in NCM460 and L-02 cells. Significantly, the micronuclei-inducing effect of 50 μM DCA or LCA was further enhanced by folate deficiency. Interestingly, folate supplementation exerted a dose-dependent manner to significantly decrease the rates of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds, apoptosis and necrosis induced by 200 μM DCA or LCA in NCM460 and L-02 cells. In conclusion, the genotoxicity of moderate BA (50 μM) was exacerbated by folate deficiency and folate supplementation could efficiently protect cells against the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of high BA (200 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueqin Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yizhen Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Lyu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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12
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Souza MRD, Hilário Garcia AL, Dalberto D, Martins G, Picinini J, Souza GMSD, Chytry P, Dias JF, Bobermin LD, Quincozes-Santos A, da Silva J. Environmental exposure to mineral coal and by-products: Influence on human health and genomic instability. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117346. [PMID: 34020260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to pollution generated by mining and burning coal is inevitable for people living nearby. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of coal dust on health conditions and genomic instability of individuals who live near coal mines and thermoelectric power plants, and to relate the results to inorganic elements and inflammatory responses. Thus, we evaluated 284 individuals from four cities in the south of Brazil around a region with coal mines and a thermoelectric power plant (one city was considered a negative control). The results of the Comet assay and Micronucleus (MN) test did not show a genotoxic or mutagenic effect related to environmental exposure to coal, but the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was increased in all cities around the power plant when compared to the control conditions. Higher levels of MN were associated with body mass index and cardiovascular risk, and higher levels of Damage Index (DI), TNF-α and interleukin1β (IL-1β) with number of cigarettes/day. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to integrate DNA damage and inflammatory results with inorganic elements. This study also demonstrated the relationship between zinc and MN, copper, and interleukin10 (IL-10), and among silicon and sulfur with DI and nucleoplasmic bridge. A relationship was also observed between the reduction of inorganic elements and both aging and quality of health. The use of different methodologies and the relationship between the results obtained in these studies, including different lifestyles, can increase the understanding of the interaction between this mineral and the health status of residents of regions affected by coal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Letícia Hilário Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Dalberto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Martins
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Chytry
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Micheli C, Parma A, Tani C, Di Bello D, Falaschi A, Chiaramonte A, Testi S, Mosca M, Scarpato R. UCTD and SLE patients show increased levels of oxidative and DNA damage together with an altered kinetics of DSB repair. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:429-436. [PMID: 34559237 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological tolerance is a critical feature of the immune system; its loss might lead to an abnormal response of lymphocytes causing autoimmune diseases. One of the most important groups belonging to autoimmune disorders is the connective tissue diseases (CTD). CTD are classified among systemic rheumatic diseases and include pathologies such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and undifferentiated CTD (UCTD). In this study, we evaluated oxidative and genome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with SLE and UCTD, further classified on the basis of disease activity and the presence/absence of a serological profile. Oxidative damage was evaluated in cell membrane using the fluorescent fatty acid analogue BODIPY 581/591 C11. The percentage of oxidised lymphocytes in both SLE and UCTD patients was higher than in the control group, and the oxidative stress correlated positively with both disease activity and autoantibody profile. The γH2AX focus assay was used to quantify the presence of spontaneous double strand breaks (DSBs), and to assess the abilities of DSBs repair system after T cells were treated with mitomycin C (MMC). Subjects with these autoimmune disorders showed a higher number of γH2AX foci than healthy controls, but no correlation with diseases activity and presence of serological profile was observed. In addition, patients displayed an altered response to MMC-induced DSBs, which led their peripheral cells to greatly increase apoptosis. Taken together our results confirmed an interplay among oxidative stress, DNA damage and impaired DNA repair, which are directly correlated to the aggressiveness and clinical progression of the diseases. We propose the evaluation of these molecular markers to better characterize SLE and UCTD, aiming to improve the treatment plan and the quality of the patients' life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Micheli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Genetica, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Parma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Tani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Domenica Di Bello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Genetica, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aurora Falaschi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Genetica, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Chiaramonte
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Genetica, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Testi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Genetica, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Mosca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Scarpato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Genetica, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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GÖNEY G, HALİSDEMİR MO. Aşırı Kilolu Kişilerde Olası Genotoksik Hasarın Analizi. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.942657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Son yıllarda yapılmış olan araştırmalar ile obezitenin, DNA zincir kırıklarının onarım mekanizmasını değiştirdiği ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Ayrıca Beden Kütle indeksinde artış ile genomik kararsızlık arasında ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Sunulan çalışmada aşırı kilolu bireylerin muhtemel genotoksik hasarının araştırılması amaçlanmış olup periferal kan örneklerinde Tek Hücre Jel Elektroforezi deneyi kullanılarak olası genotoksik hasar düzeyi hesaplanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Sunulan çalışmada 18 yaşından büyük aşırı kilolu ya da normal kiloya sahip bireylerin periferal lenfositlerinde olası DNA hasarı comet deneyi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar SPSS analiz programı kullanılarak istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Sunulan araştırmaya yaş ortalaması 30,13±7,97 olan 23 kadın ve yaş ortalaması 38,13±10,63 olan 32 erkek toplamda 55 sayıda gönüllü katılmıştır. DNA hasarının göstergesi olan kuyruk momenti değeri tüm bireylerde ortalama 1,21±0,45’dir. Aşırı kilolu kişilerin kuyruk momenti değeri ortalama 1,29±0,46 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu değer normal kiloya sahip bireylerin kuyruk momenti sonuçları (1,09±0,40) ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Çalışma sonuçlarımıza göre beden kitle indeksinde artış ile DNA hasarı arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Sunulan çalışma Türkiye’deki yetişkin bireylerde aşırı kiloluluk ve DNA hasar düzeyinin değerlendirildiği ilk çalışma olma özelliğindedir. Gelecekte obeziteye ya da metabolik sendroma sahip kişilerde DNA hasar düzeyinin genotoksisite testleriyle araştırılacağı yeni çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.
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15
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Sharif R, Shahar S, Rajab NF, Fenech M. Dietary Pattern, Genomic Stability and Relative Cancer Risk in Asian Food Landscape. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1171-1187. [PMID: 34282666 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer globally is increasing, partly due to lifestyle factors. Despite a better understanding of cancer biology and advancement in cancer management and therapies, current strategies in cancer treatment remain costly and cause socioeconomic burden especially in Asian countries. Hence, instead of putting more efforts in searches for new cancer cures, attention has now shifted to understanding how to mitigate cancer risk by modulating lifestyle factors. It has been established that carcinogenesis is multifactorial, and the important detrimental role of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and genomic instability is evident. To date, there is no study linking dietary pattern and genomic stability in cancer risk in the Asian food landscape. Thus, this present review article discusses recent literature on dietary pattern and genomic stability and its relationship with cancer risk in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razinah Sharif
- Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Centre of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Genome Health Foundation, Adelaide, Australia
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16
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Zhao M, Wang F, Wu J, Cheng Y, Cao Y, Wu X, Ma M, Tang F, Liu Z, Liu H, Ge B. CGAS is a micronucleophagy receptor for the clearance of micronuclei. Autophagy 2021; 17:3976-3991. [PMID: 33752561 PMCID: PMC8726603 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1899440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronuclei are constantly considered as a marker of genome instability and very recently found to be a trigger of innate immune responses. An increased frequency of micronuclei is associated with many diseases, but the mechanism underlying the regulation of micronuclei homeostasis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that CGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase), a known regulator of DNA sensing and DNA repair, reduces the abundance of micronuclei under genotoxic stress in an autophagy-dependent manner. CGAS accumulates in the autophagic machinery and directly interacts with MAP1LC3B/LC3B in a manner dependent upon its MAP1LC3-interacting region (LIR). Importantly, the interaction is essential for MAP1LC3 recruitment to micronuclei and subsequent clearance of micronuclei via autophagy (micronucleophagy) in response to genotoxic stress. Moreover, in contrast to its DNA sensing function to activate micronuclei-driven inflammation, CGAS-mediated micronucleophagy blunts the production of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) induced by genotoxic stress. We therefore conclude that CGAS is a receptor for the selective autophagic clearance of micronuclei and uncovered an unprecedented role of CGAS in micronuclei homeostasis to dampen innate immune surveillance. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy-related; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; CQ: chloroquine; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GFP: green fluorescent protein; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LIR, MAP1LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; NDZ: nocodazole; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juehui Wu
- Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanna Cheng
- Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajuan Cao
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingtong Ma
- Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Tang
- Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- CryoEM group, Shanghai Viva Biotech., Shanghai, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Shanghai TB Key Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Applicability of flow cytometry γH2AX assay in population studies: suitability of fresh and frozen whole blood samples. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1843-1851. [PMID: 33624155 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of H2AX histone (γH2AX) represents an early event in the DNA damage response against double-strand breaks (DSB); hence, its measurement provides a surrogate biomarker of DSB. Recently, we reported initial steps in the standardization of γH2AX assay in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), addressing the possibility of using cryopreserved samples, and the need of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation prior analysis (Toxicol Sci 2015, 144:406-13). Validating the use of whole blood samples as cell specimen for this assay would be particularly useful for human population studies. Hence, in the current study we determined for the first time the feasibility of whole blood samples, both fresh and frozen, to be used in the γH2AX assay, evaluated by flow cytometry, and the convenience of PHA stimulation. Freshly collected and cryopreserved whole blood samples were treated with bleomycin (BLM), actinomycin-D (Act-D) and mitomycin C (MMC); half of the samples were previously incubated with PHA. Results were compared with those from PBL. Negative responses in MMC treatments were probably due to the quiescence of unstimulated cells, or to the short treatment time in PHA stimulated cells. Fresh whole blood samples exhibited a more intense response to BLM and Act-D treatments in stimulated cells, probably due to DSB indirectly produced from other less relevant types of DNA damage. Results obtained in frozen whole blood samples indicate that PHA stimulation is not advisable. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that whole blood samples can be used to assess DSB-related genotoxicity by the flow cytometry γH2AX assay.
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18
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Rajesh Y, Sarkar D. Association of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines with Development of Obesity-Induced Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042163. [PMID: 33671547 PMCID: PMC7926723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly dispersing all around the world and is closely associated with a high risk of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), leading to carcinogenesis, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, leading to an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT). Adipocytes play a substantial role in the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of several adipokines, affecting cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance via diverse signaling pathways. AT is considered an endocrine organ owing to its ability to secrete adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and a plethora of inflammatory cytokines, which modulate insulin sensitivity and trigger chronic low-grade inflammation in different organs. Even though the precise mechanisms are still unfolding, it is now established that the dysregulated secretion of adipokines by AT contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review focuses on several obesity-associated adipokines and their impact on obesity-related metabolic diseases, subsequent metabolic complications, and progression to HCC, as well as their role as potential therapeutic targets. The field is rapidly developing, and further research is still required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic actions of adipokines and their role in obesity-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-827-2339
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19
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D'Amico AM, Vasquez KM. The multifaceted roles of DNA repair and replication proteins in aging and obesity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 99:103049. [PMID: 33529944 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Efficient mechanisms for genomic maintenance (i.e., DNA repair and DNA replication) are crucial for cell survival. Aging and obesity can lead to the dysregulation of genomic maintenance proteins/pathways and are significant risk factors for the development of cancer, metabolic disorders, and other genetic diseases. Mutations in genes that code for proteins involved in DNA repair and DNA replication can also exacerbate aging- and obesity-related disorders and lead to the development of progeroid diseases. In this review, we will discuss the roles of various DNA repair and replication proteins in aging and obesity as well as investigate the possible mechanisms by which aging and obesity can lead to the dysregulation of these proteins and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M D'Amico
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Boulevard, Austin, TX, 78723, USA.
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20
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Kirsch-Volders M, Fenech M. Inflammatory cytokine storms severity may be fueled by interactions of micronuclei and RNA viruses such as COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2. A hypothesis. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108395. [PMID: 34893160 PMCID: PMC8479308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review we bring together evidence that (i) RNA viruses are a cause of chromosomal instability and micronuclei (MN), (ii) those individuals with high levels of lymphocyte MN have a weakened immune response and are more susceptible to RNA virus infection and (iii) both RNA virus infection and MN formation can induce inflammatory cytokine production. Based on these observations we propose a hypothesis that those who harbor elevated frequencies of MN within their cells are more prone to RNA virus infection and are more likely, through combined effects of leakage of self-DNA from MN and RNA from viruses, to escalate pro-inflammatory cytokine production via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and the Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) mechanisms to an extent that is unresolvable and therefore confers high risk of causing tissue damage by an excessive and overtly toxic immune response. The corollaries from this hypothesis are (i) those with abnormally high MN frequency are more prone to infection by RNA viruses; (ii) the extent of cytokine production and pro-inflammatory response to infection by RNA viruses is enhanced and possibly exceeds threshold levels that may be unresolvable in those with elevated MN levels in affected organs; (iii) reduction of MN frequency by improving nutrition and life-style factors increases resistance to RNA virus infection and moderates inflammatory cytokine production to a level that is immunologically efficacious and survivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Kirsch-Volders
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Department Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, 5048, Australia; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA, 5000, Australia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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21
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Obesity, oxidative DNA damage and vitamin D as predictors of genomic instability in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2095-2107. [PMID: 34158611 PMCID: PMC8380542 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Epidemiological evidence indicates obesity in childhood and adolescence to be an independent risk factor for cancer and premature mortality in adulthood. Pathological implications from excess adiposity may begin early in life. Obesity is concurrent with a state of chronic inflammation, a well-known aetiological factor for DNA damage. In addition, obesity has been associated with micro-nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin D has attracted attention for its anti-inflammatory properties and role in genomic integrity and stability. The aim of this study was to determine a novel approach for predicting genomic instability via the combined assessment of adiposity, DNA damage, systemic inflammation, and vitamin D status. SUBJECTS/METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study with 132 participants, aged 10-18, recruited from schools and paediatric obesity clinics in London. Anthropometric assessments included BMI Z-score, waist and hip circumference, and body fat percentage via bioelectrical impedance. Inflammation and vitamin D levels in saliva were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oxidative DNA damage was determined via quantification of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in urine. Exfoliated cells from the oral cavity were scored for genomic instability via the buccal cytome assay. RESULTS As expected, comparisons between participants with obesity and normal range BMI showed significant differences in anthropometric measures (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed in some measures of genomic instability (p < 0.001). When examining relationships between variables for all participants, markers of adiposity positively correlated with acquired oxidative DNA damage (p < 0.01) and genomic instability (p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with vitamin D (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses identified obesity (p < 0.001), vitamin D (p < 0.001), and oxidative DNA damage (p < 0.05) as the three significant predictors of genomic instability. CONCLUSIONS Obesity, oxidative DNA damage, and vitamin D deficiency are significant predictors of genomic instability. Non-invasive biomonitoring and predictive modelling of genomic instability in young patients with obesity may contribute to the prioritisation and severity of clinical intervention measures.
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Knudsen LE, Kirsch-Volders M. Micronuclei, reproduction and child health. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108345. [PMID: 34083036 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current review looks for relationships between results from biomarker studies with micronucleus and health effects related to reproduction and children. In adults, an age related increase in MN is well known as well as associations with environmental exposures especially air pollution from traffic and smoking. Literature searches in PubMED and SCOPUS were performed with the following keywords reproduction, children, micronuclei, health effects. In total 162 studies were identified with the keyword children. Concerning children and health and children and environmental exposures, the titles and abstracts of a total of 162 publications were screened for language, inclusion of data from children and selected according to a study selection chart. 9 studies were included for children and health, and 21 studies for children and environmental exposures, with 12 in buccal cells and 9 in lymphocytes. The publications were read and included in tables if data on controls was available. MN frequencies were collected for peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), reticulocytes or buccal cells (BC) and reported as Mean ± SD or Median (IQR). The Mean frequency Ratio, MRi, corresponding to the MN mean for study persons divided by MN mean for control persons was stated as reported in the publication or calculated by us from the data in the publication, where possible. Our systematic analysis revealed a number of positive associations of MN frequencies as a marker of increased health risk in relation to reproduction as well as child health. The majority of studies reported with children concerns exposures of children as well as maternal exposures and newborn health with MN as a biomarker of exposure. Exposure monitoring by MN as biomarker is also reported in studies of school children however most often not related to health effects. The MRis are found in ranges from 1 to 5.5 most studies around 2. As far as MN frequencies in children and exposure are concerned, the MRis range from 0.9 to 5.5, with a range from 1.3-4.9 for lymphocytes and from 1.5 to 2.5 in buccal cells, except for two studies with no differences found between cases and controls. Only one study is available for MRi calculation in reticulocytes with the value of 2.3. These data are supporting MN as a relevant biomarker for children health. However, the data is mostly from small studies with different protocol leaving out the possibility of metanalyses and even statistical comparisons among studies. The actual risk from elevated MNs in children waits large cohort studies with pooled datasets as performed with MN measured in adults. Introduction of buccal cells as non invasive alternative to lymphocytes is increasing and as with the lymphocytes standardised protocols are recommended to enable comparative studies and metaanalyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Micheline Kirsch-Volders
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Department Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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23
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Franzke B, Schwingshackl L, Wagner KH. Chromosomal damage measured by the cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay in diabetes and obesity - A systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Bankoglu EE, Gerber J, Kodandaraman G, Seyfried F, Stopper H. Influence of bariatric surgery induced weight loss on oxidative DNA damage. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 853:503194. [PMID: 32522349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with elevated cancer risk, which may be represented by elevated genomic damage. Oxidative stress plays a key role in obesity related detrimental health consequences including DNA oxidation damage. The elevated cancer risk in obesity may be a consequence. Weight loss has been shown to reduce genomic damage, but the role of oxidative stress in that has not been clarified. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the influence of bariatric surgery induced weight loss on DNA oxidation damage in morbidly obese subjects. For this aim, we used cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the FPG comet assay. Advanced protein oxidation products and 3-nitrotyrosine were measured as oxidative and nitrative protein stress markers. Furthermore, expression of oxidative stress related proteins HSP70 and Nrf2 as well as mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase and NADPH oxidase subunit p22 phox were analysed. Our findings revealed significantly reduced DNA strand breaks, but DNA base oxidation was not reduced. We observed significant reduction in plasma AOPPs and 3-nitrotyrosine, which indicated an improvement in oxidative/nitrative stress. However, expression of HSP70 and Nrf2 were not altered after weight loss. In addition, expression of citrate synthase and p22 phox were also unaltered. Overall, bariatric surgery induced significant reduction in excess body weight and improved the patients' health status, including reduced DNA strand breaks and slightly improved antioxidant status in some of the investigated endpoints, while cellular ROS formation and DNA oxidation damage stayed unaltered. This complex situation may be due to combined beneficial effects of weight loss and burdening of the body with fat breakdown products. In the future, collecting samples two years after surgery, when patients have been in a weight plateau for some time, might be a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of General, Vascular, Visceral and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Gerber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of General, Vascular, Visceral and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Geema Kodandaraman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of General, Vascular, Visceral and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of General, Vascular, Visceral and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of General, Vascular, Visceral and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Dai X, Hong L, Shen H, Du Q, Ye Q, Chen X, Zhang J. Estradiol-induced senescence of hypothalamic astrocytes contributes to aging-related reproductive function declines in female mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6089-6108. [PMID: 32259796 PMCID: PMC7185128 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic astrocytes are important contributors that activate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and promote GnRH/LH (luteinizing hormone) surge. However, the potential roles and mechanisms of astrocytes during the early reproductive decline remain obscure. The current study reported that, in intact middle-aged female mice, astrocytes within the hypothalamic RP3V accumulated senescence-related markers with increasing age. It employed an ovariectomized animal model and a cell model receiving estrogen intervention to confirm the estrogen-induced senescence of hypothalamic astrocytes. It found that estrogen metabolites may be an important factor for the estrogen-induced astrocyte senescence. In vitro molecular analysis revealed that ovarian estradiol activated PKA and up-regulated CYPs expression, metabolizing estradiol into 2-OHE2 and 4-OHE2. Of note, in middle-aged mice, the progesterone synthesis and the ability to promote GnRH release were significantly reduced. Besides, the expression of growth factors decreased and the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased in the aging astrocytes. The findings confirm that ovarian estradiol induces the senescence of hypothalamic astrocytes and that the senescent astrocytes compromise the regulation of progesterone synthesis and GnRH secretion, which may contribute to the aging-related declines in female reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Dai
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Luyan Hong
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi. China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, FujianChina
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
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Panico A, Grassi T, Bagordo F, Idolo A, Serio F, Tumolo MR, De Giorgi M, Guido M, Tutino M, De Donno A. Micronucleus Frequency in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Children Living in an Industrialized Area of Apulia (Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041208. [PMID: 32069990 PMCID: PMC7068596 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) are biomarkers of early biological effect often used for detecting DNA damage in human population exposed to genotoxic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of MN in exfoliated buccal cells of children living in an industrialized (impacted) area compared with that found in children living in a control area without significant anthropogenic impacts. A total of 462 6–8-year-old children (206 in the impacted area, 256 in the control area) attending primary school were enrolled. A questionnaire was administered to the parents of the recruited children to obtain information about personal data, lifestyles, and food habits of their children. Atmospheric particulate fractions were collected near the involved schools to assess the level of environmental exposure of the children. The presence of MN was highlighted in 68.4% of children living in the impacted area with a mean MN frequency of 0.66‰ ± 0.61‰. MN positivity and frequency were significantly lower in the control area (37.1% and 0.27‰ ± 0.43‰, respectively). The frequency of MN was positively associated with quasi-ultrafine particulate matter (PM0.5), traffic near the home, and consuming barbecued food; while adherence to the Mediterranean diet and practicing sport were negatively associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-832-298-951
| | - Adele Idolo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Tumolo
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council (IRPPS-CNR), 72100 Brindisi, Italy;
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (CNR-IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mattia De Giorgi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Marcello Guido
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Maria Tutino
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (ARPA Puglia), 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.P.); (T.G.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (M.D.G.); (M.G.); (A.D.D.)
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Santovito A, Gendusa C. Micronuclei frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy subjects living in Turin (North-Italy): contribution of body mass index, age and sex. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:48-54. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1714728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Gendusa
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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28
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Scarpato R, Testi S, Colosimo V, Garcia Crespo C, Micheli C, Azzarà A, Tozzi MG, Ghirri P. Role of oxidative stress, genome damage and DNA methylation as determinants of pathological conditions in the newborn: an overview from conception to early neonatal stage. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 783:108295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bonassi S, Fenech M. Micronuclei and Their Association with Infertility, Pregnancy Complications, Developmental Defects, Anaemias, Inflammation, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. THE MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013604-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) are a strong cytogenetic indicator of a catastrophic change in the genetic structure and stability of a cell because they originate from either chromosome breaks or whole chromosomes that have been lost from the main nucleus during cell division. The resulting genetic abnormalities can to lead to cellular malfunction, altered gene expression and impaired regenerative capacity. Furthermore, MN are increased as a consequence of genetic defects in DNA repair, deficiency in micronutrients required for DNA replication and repair and exposure to genotoxic chemicals and ultraviolet or ionising radiation. For all of these reasons, the measurement of MN has become one of the best-established methods to measure DNA damage in humans at the cytogenetic level. This chapter is a narrative review of the current evidence for the association of increased MN frequency with developmental and degenerative diseases. In addition, important knowledge gaps are identified, and recommendations for future studies required to consolidate the evidence are provided. The great majority of published studies show a significant association of increased MN in lymphocytes and/or buccal cells with infertility, pregnancy complications, developmental defects, anaemias, inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the strongest evidence is from prospective studies showing that MN frequency in lymphocytes predicts cancer risk and cardiovascular disease mortality.
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Liu Q, Lei Z, Gu C, Guo J, Yu H, Fatima Z, Zhou K, Shabbir MAB, Maan MK, Wu Q, Xie S, Wang X, Yuan Z. Mequindox induces apoptosis, DNA damage, and carcinogenicity in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:270-279. [PMID: 30922968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mequindox (MEQ) is a synthetic antibacterial agent. Recent studies showed that MEQ and its primary metabolites exhibit strong genotoxicity to mammalian cells, and MEQ induced carcinogenicity in mice. These findings suggest that chronic exposure to MEQ could lead to an increased risk of cancer later in life. In the present study, four groups of Wistar rats (55 rats/sex/group) were fed with diets containing MEQ (0, 25, 55, and 110 mg/kg) for 2 years. The results showed that the hematological system, liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands, as well as the developmental and reproductive systems, were the main targets for MEQ. Liver toxicity mediated by MEQ was associated with apoptosis and the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In addition, MEQ increased the incidence of tumors in rats. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) is identified as a biomarker of cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Our data demonstrated that γ-H2AX expression was significantly increased in tumors. Thus, high levels of DSB might be responsible for carcinogenesis in rats, and further investigation is absolutely required to clarify the exact molecular mechanisms for carcinogenicity caused by MEQ in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Changqin Gu
- A Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jingchao Guo
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huiru Yu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zainab Fatima
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad A B Shabbir
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Kashif Maan
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China; Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Shuyu Xie
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Włodarczyk M, Ciebiera M, Nowicka G. TNF-α G-308A genetic variants, serum CRP-hs concentration and DNA damage in obese women. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:855-866. [PMID: 30900134 PMCID: PMC7340642 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation, which can disturb genome stability. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) polymorphism was found to affect TNF-α protein production and inflammation. Therefore, the present study illustrates the relationship between TNF-α polymorphism, the degree of inflammation assessed by serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration (CRP-hs) and basal DNA damage in patients with obesity (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2) and control subjects with proper body mass (BMI < 25 kg/m2). A total of 115 participants (75 obese premenopausal women; and 40 age-, and gender-matched controls) were included. Biochemical parameters (serum concentrations of total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, apolipoprotein AI, CRP-hs) and endogenous DNA damage (determined by comet assay) were measured. TNF-α G-308A polymorphism (rs1800629) was analyzed by PCR-RFLP (PCR-restriction fragments length polymorphism). An effect of TNF-α genotype on serum CRP-hs concentration was noted (p = 0.031). In general, carriers of the rare A allele of the TNF-α G-308A polymorphism had significantly lower endogenous DNA damage and serum CRP-hs concentrations than GG homozygotes, however, the protective effect of the A allele was especially visible in non-obese women. Serum CRP-hs concentrations and levels of DNA damage (% DNA in tail) were significantly higher in obese than in controls (p = 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The adjusted multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant, independent impact of obesity on DNA damage (p = 0.00000) and no effect of other covariates i.e. age, TNF-α genotype and serum CRP-hs concentration. Our study showed that obesity has a significant impact on the levels of endogenous DNA damage. Obesity abolished the protective effect of A allele of the TNF-α G-308A polymorphism on DNA damage and on inflammation development observed in non-obese A allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland. .,Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Ciebiera
- II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Cegłowska 80, 01-809, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Nowicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Obesity, DNA Damage, and Development of Obesity-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051146. [PMID: 30845725 PMCID: PMC6429223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized to increase the risk of such diseases as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. It indicates that obesity can impact genome stability. Oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly occurring in obesity, can induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair mechanisms. Accumulation of DNA damage can lead to an enhanced mutation rate and can alter gene expression resulting in disturbances in cell metabolism. Obesity-associated DNA damage can promote cancer growth by favoring cancer cell proliferation and migration, and resistance to apoptosis. Estimation of the DNA damage and/or disturbances in DNA repair could be potentially useful in the risk assessment and prevention of obesity-associated metabolic disorders as well as cancers. DNA damage in people with obesity appears to be reversible and both weight loss and improvement of dietary habits and diet composition can affect genome stability.
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33
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Guo X, Ni J, Liang Z, Xue J, Fenech MF, Wang X. The molecular origins and pathophysiological consequences of micronuclei: New insights into an age-old problem. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 779:1-35. [PMID: 31097147 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN), the small nucleus-like bodies separated from the primary nucleus, can exist in cells with numerical and/or structural chromosomal aberrations in apparently normal tissues and more so in tumors in humans. While MN have been observed for over 100 years, they were merely and constantly considered as passive indicators of chromosome instability (CIN) for a long time. Relatively little is known about the molecular origins and biological consequences of MN. Rapid technological advances are helping to close these gaps. Very recent studies provide exciting evidence that MN act as key platform for chromothripsis and a trigger of innate immune response, suggesting that MN could affect cellular functions by both genetic and nongenetic means. These previously unappreciated findings have reawakened widespread interests in MN. In this review, the diverse mechanisms leading to MN generation and the complex fate profiles of MN are discussed, together with the evidence for their contribution to CIN, inflammation, senescence and cell death. Moreover, we put this knowledge together into a speculative perspective on how MN may be responsible for cancer development and how their presence may influence the choice of treatment. We suggest that the heterogeneous responses to MN may function physiological to ensure the arrestment, elimination and immune clearance of damaged cells, but pathologically, may enable the survival and oncogenic transformation of cells bearing CIN. These insights not only underscore the complexity of MN biology, but also raise a host of new questions and provide fertile ground for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Ziqing Liang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Michael F Fenech
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, 5048, Australia.
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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Genchi GG, Degl'Innocenti A, Salgarella AR, Pezzini I, Marino A, Menciassi A, Piccirillo S, Balsamo M, Ciofani G. Modulation of gene expression in rat muscle cells following treatment with nanoceria in different gravity regimes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2821-2833. [PMID: 30334476 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress (OS) is strictly associated with senescence/pathogenesis of biological systems. As putative countermeasure to environmental OS, cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria [NC]) were administered to muscle cells on ground and aboard the International Space Station. MATERIALS & METHODS Transcriptional analyses were conducted through microarray technology and hierarchical clustering. Venn diagram and gene ontology analyses were also performed on selected gene lists. RESULTS Adaptive responses to both NC administration and to permanence in real microgravity conditions occurred. Enrichment in the biological processes related to aging, body fat development and mesodermal tissue proliferation for NC-treated samples were found. CONCLUSION Nanotechnology antioxidants promise applications to pathological conditions governed by OS on Earth and in life-hostile environments (low Earth orbit and deep space).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Graziana Genchi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa) 56025, Italy
| | - Andrea Degl'Innocenti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa) 56025, Italy
| | - Alice Rita Salgarella
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa) 56025, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pezzini
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa) 56025, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa) 56025, Italy
| | - Arianna Menciassi
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa) 56025, Italy
| | - Sara Piccirillo
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Michele Balsamo
- Kayser Italia S.r.l., Via di Popogna 501, Livorno 57128, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera (Pisa) 56025, Italy.,Politecnico di Torino, Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
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35
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Usman M, Volpi EV. DNA damage in obesity: Initiator, promoter and predictor of cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 778:23-37. [PMID: 30454680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence linking obesity with increased risk of cancer is steadily growing, although the causative aspects underpinning this association are only partially understood. Obesity leads to a physiological imbalance in the regulation of adipose tissue and its normal functioning, resulting in hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and inflammation. These states promote the generation of oxidative stress, which is exacerbated in obesity by a decline in anti-oxidant defence systems. Oxidative stress can have a marked impact on DNA, producing mutagenic lesions that could prove carcinogenic. Here we review the current evidence for genomic instability, sustained DNA damage and accelerated genome ageing in obesity. We explore the notion of genotoxicity, ensuing from systemic oxidative stress, as a key oncogenic factor in obesity. Finally, we advocate for early, pre-malignant assessment of genome integrity and stability to inform surveillance strategies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonisah Usman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Emanuela V Volpi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.
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Decreased Chromosomal Damage in Lymphocytes of Obese Patients After Bariatric Surgery. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11195. [PMID: 30046046 PMCID: PMC6060147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of bariatric surgeries being performed worldwide has markedly risen. While the improvement in obesity-associated comorbidities after bariatric surgery is well-established, very little is known about its impact on cancer risk. The peripheral lymphocyte micronucleus test is a widely used method for the monitoring of chromosomal damage levels in vivo, and micronucleus frequency positively correlates with cancer risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the micronucleus frequency before and after bariatric surgery in obese subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 45 obese subjects before and at two time-points after bariatric surgery (6 and 12 months) to assess spontaneous micronucleus frequency. Consistent with the increased cancer risk previously shown, bariatric surgery-induced weight loss led to a significant reduction in lymphocyte micronucleus frequency after 12 months. Interestingly, comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome further seemed to have an impact on the lymphocyte micronucleus frequency. Our findings may indicate a successful reduction of cancer risk in patients following weight loss caused by bariatric surgery.
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37
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Setayesh T, Nersesyan A, Mišík M, Noorizadeh R, Haslinger E, Javaheri T, Lang E, Grusch M, Huber W, Haslberger A, Knasmüller S. Gallic acid, a common dietary phenolic protects against high fat diet induced DNA damage. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2315-2326. [PMID: 30039436 PMCID: PMC6689278 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Aim of the study was to find out if gallic acid (GA), a common phenolic in plant foods, prevents obesity induced DNA damage which plays a key role in the induction of overweight associated cancer. Methods Male and female C57BL6/J mice were fed with a low fat or a high fat diet (HFD). The HFD group received different doses GA (0, 2.6–20 mg/kg b.w./day) in the drinking water for 1 week. Subsequently, alterations of the genetic stability in blood and inner organs were monitored in single cell gel electrophoresis assays. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms: oxidized DNA bases, alterations of the redox status, lipid and glucose metabolism, cytokine levels and hepatic NF-κB activity were monitored. Results HFD fed animals had higher body weights; increased DNA damage and oxidation of DNA bases damage were detected in colon, liver and brain but not in blood and white adipose tissue. Furthermore, elevated concentrations of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, MCP-1, TNF-α and NF-κB activity were observed in this group. Small amounts of GA, in the range of human consumption, caused DNA protection and reduced oxidation of DNA bases, as well as biochemical and inflammatory parameters. Conclusions Obese animals have increased DNA damage due to oxidation of DNA bases. This effect is probably caused by increased levels of glucose and insulin. The effects of GA can be explained by its hypoglycaemic properties and indicate that the consumption of GA-rich foods prevents adverse health effects in obese individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-018-1782-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rahil Noorizadeh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Haslinger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Lang
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Setayesh T, Nersesyan A, Mišík M, Ferk F, Langie S, Andrade VM, Haslberger A, Knasmüller S. Impact of obesity and overweight on DNA stability: Few facts and many hypotheses. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 777:64-91. [PMID: 30115431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Health authorities are alarmed worldwide about the increase of obesity and overweight in the last decades which lead to adverse health effects including inflammation, cancer, accelerated aging and infertility. We evaluated the state of knowledge concerning the impact of elevated body mass on genomic instability. Results of investigations with humans (39 studies) in which DNA damage was monitored in lymphocytes and sperm cells, are conflicting and probably as a consequence of heterogeneous study designs and confounding factors (e.g. uncontrolled intake of vitamins and minerals and consumption of different food types). Results of animal studies with defined diets (23 studies) are more consistent and show that excess body fat causes DNA damage in multiple organs including brain, liver, colon and testes. Different molecular mechanisms may cause genetic instability in overweight/obese individuals. ROS formation and lipid peroxidation were found in several investigations and may be caused by increased insulin, fatty acid and glucose levels or indirectly via inflammation. Also reduced DNA repair and formation of advanced glycation end products may play a role but more data are required to draw firm conclusions. Reduction of telomere lengths and hormonal imbalances are characteristic for overweight/obesity but the former effects are delayed and moderate and hormonal effects were not investigated in regard to genomic instability in obese individuals. Increased BMI values affect also the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes which activate/detoxify genotoxic carcinogens, but no studies concerning the impact of these alterations of DNA damage in obese individuals are available. Overall, the knowledge concerning the impact of increased body weight and DNA damage is poor and further research is warranted to shed light on this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Langie
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celulare Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Brazil
| | | | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Lengyel E, Makowski L, DiGiovanni J, Kolonin MG. Cancer as a Matter of Fat: The Crosstalk between Adipose Tissue and Tumors. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:374-384. [PMID: 29709261 PMCID: PMC5932630 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to the increased risk and aggressiveness of many types of carcinoma. A state of chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), resulting in genotoxic stress, may contribute to carcinogenesis and cancer initiation. Evidence that AT plays a role in cancer aggressiveness is solid and mounting. During cancer progression, tumor cells engage in a metabolic symbiosis with adjacent AT. Mature adipocytes provide adipokines and lipids to cancer cells, while stromal and immune cells from AT infiltrate carcinomas and locally secrete paracrine factors within the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the crosstalk between AT and tumor cells that promotes tumor growth and increases cellular lipid metabolism, metastasis, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Lengyel
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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40
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Siddiqui MS, Francois M, Hecker J, Faunt J, Fenech MF, Leifert WR. γH2AX is increased in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Alzheimer's disease patients in the South Australian Neurodegeneration, Nutrition and DNA Damage (SAND) study of aging. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 829-830:6-18. [PMID: 29704994 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An early cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks is the phosphorylation of histone H2AX to form γH2AX. Although increased levels of γH2AX have been reported in neuronal nuclei of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, γH2AX responses in the lymphocytes of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD remain unexplored. In this study, the endogenous γH2AX level was measured, using laser scanning cytometry (LSC) and visual scoring, in lymphocyte nuclei from MCI (n = 18), or AD (n = 20) patients and healthy controls (n = 40). Levels were significantly elevated in nuclei of the AD group compared to the MCI and control groups, and there was a concomitant increase, with a significant trend, from the control group through MCI to the AD group. A significant negative correlation was seen between γH2AX and the mini mental state examination (MMSE) score, when the analysis included all subjects. Receiver Operation Characteristic curves were carried out for different γH2AX parameters; visually scored percent cells containing overlapping γH2AX foci displayed the best area under the curve value of 0.9081 with 85% sensitivity and 92% specificity for the identification of AD patients versus control. Plasma homocysteine, creatinine, and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) were positively correlated with lymphocyte γH2AX signals, while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was negatively correlated. Finally, there was a diminished γH2AX response to X-rays in lymphocytes of the MCI and AD groups compared to the control group. Our results indicate that lymphocyte γH2AX levels are a potential marker for identifying individuals at increased risk of developing AD. Prospective studies with normal healthy individuals are needed to test whether there is indeed a link between γH2AX levels and AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sabbir Siddiqui
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Personalised Nutrition and DNA Damage, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia; University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Maxime Francois
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Personalised Nutrition and DNA Damage, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Jane Hecker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Faunt
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Michael F Fenech
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Personalised Nutrition and DNA Damage, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Wayne R Leifert
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition, Personalised Nutrition and DNA Damage, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
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41
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Zaki M, Basha W, El-Bassyouni HT, El-Toukhy S, Hussein T. Evaluation of DNA damage profile in obese women and its association to risk of metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome and recurrent preeclampsia. Genes Dis 2018; 5:367-373. [PMID: 30591939 PMCID: PMC6303482 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities. Obesity and MS are always accompanied by elevated oxidative stress which might affect cellular bio-molecules such as DNA. The aim of the present study is to investigate DNA damage profile in obese premenopausal women and its relation to the risk of MS, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and history of recurrent pre-eclampsia. The study included 90 obese women included cases with MS (n = 30), PCOS (n = 30) and previous history of recurrent preeclampsia (n = 30) and, age-matched healthy non-obese control women (n = 50). The assessment of leukocyte DNA damage was done by comet assay for all cases and controls. Anthropometry and biochemical parameters have been measured. Results showed that mean percent of DNA damage was significantly higher in MS, PCOS as well as in women with the recurrent preeclampsia as compared to healthy controls. The high level of mean DNA damage frequency in obese women was significantly associated with the increased number of metabolic syndrome components. Cases with 2, 3 and 3-5 components showed significantly higher levels of DNA damage than controls. Moreover, cases with 3-5 MS components showed significant higher DNA compared to those with the two components. Regarding PCOS, significant positive association between the mean frequency of DNA damage and waist circumference was observed. The study suggests that metabolic abnormalities, PCOS and recurrent pre-eclampsia might be contributed in development of DNA damage in obese women. DNA damage can serve as an early marker for obesity complications in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushira Zaki
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Basha
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Safinaz El-Toukhy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer Hussein
- Reproductive Health Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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42
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Zaki M, Kamal S, Basha WA, El-Toukhy S, Yousef W, El-Bassyouni HT, Azmy O. Assessment of DNA damage in obese premenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Gm Š, N J, B R, A D, M V. Association Between Inherited Thrombophilia in Pregnancy and Micronucleus Frequency in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes. Balkan J Med Genet 2017; 20:11-18. [PMID: 29876228 PMCID: PMC5972498 DOI: 10.1515/bjmg-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine possible predictors of an increased frequency of micronucleus (MN) and the impact of thrombophilia on the chromosomal instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of pregnant women in their first trimester. This study was designed as a case-control study on 74 pregnant women. It was performed in the gestational age of 11 to 14 weeks, when blood samples were collected and incubated for 72 hours. The individual MN frequency in PBL was measured by cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Women were grouped in control group [≤4 MN/1000 binucleated (BN) cells] and case group (>4 MN/1000 BN cells). Potential mutagenic effects of exogenous/endogenous factors in pregnant women were analyzed. By analyzing the given results, it can be concluded that pregnant women with thrombophilia have 26.69-times more chance of having a frequency of >4 MN/1000 BN than pregnant women with no thrombophilia. Our research was primarily aimed at showing that the presence of thrombophilia was a statistically important predictor of an increased MN frequency in pregnant women and it can predict about one-third of the total variance in MN frequency in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šošić Gm
- Department of Cytogenetic Diagnosis, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Clinical Center "Kragujevac," Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jović N
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Pathology of Pregnancy, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Clinical Center "Kragujevac," Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Rakić B
- Department of Medical Survey, Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajović," Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dimitrijević A
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Fertility Control, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Clinical Center "Kragujevac," Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Varjačić M
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Pathology of Pregnancy, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Clinical Center "Kragujevac," Kragujevac, Serbia
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44
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Screening of Pesticides with the Potential of Inducing DSB and Successive Recombinational Repair. J Toxicol 2017; 2017:3574840. [PMID: 29129974 PMCID: PMC5654340 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3574840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was realized to ascertain whether eight selected pesticides would induce double strand breaks (DSB) in lymphocyte cultures and whether this damage would induce greater levels of proteins Rad51 participating in homologous recombination or of p-Ku80 participating in nonhomologous end joining. Only five pesticides were found to induce DSB of which only glyphosate and paraoxon induced a significant increase of p-Ku80 protein, indicating that nonhomologous end joining recombinational DNA repair system would be activated. The type of gamma-H2AX foci observed was comparable to that induced by etoposide at similar concentrations. These results are of importance since these effects occurred at low concentrations in the micromolar range, in acute treatments to the cells. Effects over longer exposures in actual environmental settings are expected to produce cumulative damage if repeated events of recombination take place over time.
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45
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Parisi MM, Grun LK, Lavandoski P, Alves LB, Bristot IJ, Mattiello R, Mottin CC, Klamt F, Jones MH, Padoin AV, Guma FCR, Barbé-Tuana FM. Immunosenescence Induced by Plasma from Individuals with Obesity Caused Cell Signaling Dysfunction and Inflammation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1523-1531. [PMID: 28707376 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the consequences of plasma from individuals with obesity on parameters associated with immunosenescence in unrelated healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). METHODS Freshly isolated PBMC were incubated in media supplemented with 10% of plasma from individuals with obesity or control subjects for the first 4 hours of 24 to 120 hours of culture. RESULTS Plasma from individuals with obesity modulated the phenotype of healthy PBMC, leading to a higher rate of apoptosis, lower amounts of phospho-γH2AX and -p53, and mitochondrial dysfunction. After 120 hours, there was a higher secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8. CD8+ T lymphocytes presented decreased expression of CD28, which is associated with the immunosenescent phenotype. CD14+ macrophages showed increased expression of CD80 and CD206, suggesting a modulation in the activation of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that chronic systemic inflammation observed in obesity induces dysfunctional features in PBMC that are consistent with premature immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Migliorini Parisi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Kich Grun
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Lavandoski
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Biscaino Alves
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ivi Juliana Bristot
- Postgraduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rita Mattiello
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Corá Mottin
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fábio Klamt
- Postgraduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcus Herbert Jones
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vontobel Padoin
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fátima Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology of Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Florencia María Barbé-Tuana
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Azzarà A, Chiaramonte A, Filomeni E, Pinto B, Mazzoni S, Piaggi S, Angela Guzzardi M, Bruschi F, Iozzo P, Scarpato R. Increased level of DNA damage in some organs of obese Zucker rats by γ-H2AX analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:477-484. [PMID: 28714549 DOI: 10.1002/em.22115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study, we showed that lymphocytes of obese Italian children/adolescents displayed levels of double strand breaks (DSB), assayed as serine 139-phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), about eightfold higher than normal weight controls, and that 30% of this damage-generated micronuclei. These findings suggested that obese children could be at increased risk of obesity-mediated cancer later in life. We therefore aimed to assess the level of γ-H2AX in a genetic animal model of obesity (Zucker rat) to identify a genotoxic/carcinogenic risk in some organs. The DSB marker was studied in 3- to 4-week-old rats and in 9- to 13-week-old rats. Paraffin-embedded sections of heart, thyroid, liver, pancreas, lung, kidney, esophagus, and gut from the fa-/fa- (obese) and the fa+/fa- (lean) control animals were processed for immunohistochemistry detection of γ-H2AX. Pancreas (0.0624 ± 0.0195), lung (0.1197 ± 0.0217), esophagus (0.1230 ± 0.0351), kidney (0.1546 ± 0.0149), and gut (0.1724 ± 0.0352) of 9- to 13-week-old obese rats showed a higher proportion of γ-H2AX-positive nuclei, than their lean counterparts (0.0092 ± 0.0033, 0.0416 ± 0.0185, 0.0368 ± 0.0088, 0.0686 ± 0.0318, and 0.0703 ± 0.0239, respectively). No difference was seen in the 3- to 4-week-old age group with regard to obesity, indicating that the DNA damage increased with older age of the rats. We hypothesize that the organs of the obese animals showing high levels of DSB could represent target tissues for the development of obesity-related cancers. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:477-484, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Azzarà
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Anna Chiaramonte
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Erika Filomeni
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Barbara Pinto
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Via Savi 10, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzoni
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Via Savi 10, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Simona Piaggi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Via Savi 10, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Bruschi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Via Savi 10, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Roberto Scarpato
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, Pisa, 56126, Italy
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Phosphorylation of Histone H2A.X in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells May Be a Useful Marker for Monitoring Cardiometabolic Risk in Nondiabetic Individuals. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:2050194. [PMID: 28572698 PMCID: PMC5441116 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2050194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of H2A.X (serine 139) in the histone H2A family located in the downstream of the DNA damage kinase signaling cascade is an important indicator of DNA damage. Recently, phosphorylation of H2A.X was proposed as a sensitive biomarker of aging. This study investigated if phosphorylation of H2A.X in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is associated with cardiometabolic risk in nondiabetic individuals. Basic parameters and oxidative stress/inflammatory markers were measured in nondiabetic healthy Koreans (n = 119). Phosphorylation of H2A.X was measured randomly among the study subjects using a flow cytometer. According to the number of metabolic syndrome risk factor (MetS-RF), the study subjects were subdivided into “super healthy” (MetS − RF = 0, n = 71) and “MetS-risk” (MetS − RF ≥ 1, n = 48) groups. Phosphorylation of H2A.X in PBMCs (percentages and mean fluorescence intensity) was significantly higher in the MetS-risk group than in the super healthy group after adjusting for age, sex, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. Phosphorylated H2A.X was positively correlated with the number of MetS-RF as well as waist circumference, blood pressures, triglyceride, HbA1C, oxidized LDL, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and alanine aminotransferase after the adjustment. The present study suggested that phosphorylated H2A.X in circulating PBMCs measured by flow cytometer may be a useful marker for monitoring cardiometabolic risk in nondiabetic individuals.
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Achel DG, Serafin AM, Akudugu JM. Flow cytometry-assisted quantification of γH2AX expression has potential as a rapid high-throughput biodosimetry tool. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:349-357. [PMID: 27262315 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale radiological events require immediate and accurate estimates of doses received by victims, and possibly the first responders, to assist in treatment decisions. Although there are numerous efforts worldwide to develop biodosimetric tools to adequately handle triage needs during radiological incidents, such endeavours do not seem to actively involve sub-Saharan Africa which currently has a significant level of nuclear-related activity. To initiate a similar interest in Africa, ex vivo radiation-induced γH2AX expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes from fourteen healthy donors was assessed using flow cytometry. While the technique shows potential for use as a rapid high-throughput biodosimetric tool for radiation absorbed doses up to 5 Gy, significant inter-individual differences in γH2AX expression emerged. Also, female donors exhibited higher levels of γH2AX expression than their male counterparts. To address these shortcomings, gender-based in-house dose-response curves for γH2AX induction in lymphocytes 2, 4, and 6 h after X-ray irradiation are proposed for the South African population. The obtained results show that γH2AX is a good candidate biomarker for biodosimetry, but might need some refinement and validation through further studies involving a larger cohort of donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Achel
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
- Applied Radiation Biology Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Antonio M Serafin
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - John M Akudugu
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
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49
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Metabolic Control of Longevity. Cell 2016; 166:802-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Azzarà A, Pirillo C, Giovannini C, Federico G, Scarpato R. Different repair kinetic of DSBs induced by mitomycin C in peripheral lymphocytes of obese and normal weight adolescents. Mutat Res 2016; 789:9-14. [PMID: 27174706 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In 2013, 42 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight or obese. In the context of obesity, we recently showed that (1) peripheral lymphocytes of obese children/adolescents had an 8-fold increase in double strand breaks (DSBs), expressed as g-H2AX foci, than normal weight adolescents, and (2) 30% of the damage was retained into chromosome mutations. Thus, we investigated DSBs repair efficiency in a group of obese adolescents assessing the kinetic of H2AX phosphorylation in mitomycin C (MMC)-treated lymphocytes harvested 2 h- or 4 h-post mutagen treatment. According to our previous studies, these harvesting times represent the peak of DSBs induction and the time in which an appreciable DSBs reduction was observed. In addition, we evaluated the expression of the high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), a chromatin remodelling protein involved in DSBs repair and obesity. Compared to normal weight adolescents, obese subjects 1) showed higher levels of g-H2AX foci at either 2 h- (0.239±0.041 vs. 0.473±0.048, P=0.0016) or 4 h- (0.150±0.026 vs. 0.255±0.030, P=0.0198) post mutagen treatment, and 2) have repaired a greater amount of the initial lesions (0.088±0.033 vs. 0.218±0.045, P=0.0408). Concordantly, 1) HMGB1 levels of obese individuals increased and decreased at 2h- or 4 h-post mutagen treatment, respectively, and 2) the opposite occurred for the normal weight adolescents where the protein was down-expressed at 2h and over-expressed at 4h. In conclusion, lymphocytes of obese and normal weight adolescents showed a distinct temporal kinetic of repairing MMC-induced DSBs, together with a different expression of HMGB1. The finding that obesity may modulate the repair of DNA damage induced in lymphocytes by genotoxic agents should be confirmed by further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Azzarà
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirillo
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Federico
- Unità di Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Diabete, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Scarpato
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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