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Khapchaev AY, Vorotnikov AV, Antonova OA, Samsonov MV, Shestakova EA, Sklyanik IA, Tomilova AO, Shestakova MV, Shirinsky VP. Shear Stress and the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Independently Protect the Vascular Endothelium from Palmitate Lipotoxicity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:339. [PMID: 38397940 PMCID: PMC10886486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Saturated free fatty acids are thought to play a critical role in metabolic disorders associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and their vascular complications via effects on the vascular endothelium. The most abundant saturated free fatty acid, palmitate, exerts lipotoxic effects on the vascular endothelium, eventually leading to cell death. Shear stress activates the endothelial AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor, and protects endothelial cells from lipotoxicity, however their relationship is uncertain. Here, we used isoform-specific shRNA-mediated silencing of AMPK to explore its involvement in the long-term protection of macrovascular human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against palmitate lipotoxicity and to relate it to the effects of shear stress. We demonstrated that it is the α1 catalytic subunit of AMPK that is critical for HUVEC protection under static conditions, whereas AMPK-α2 autocompensated a substantial loss of AMPK-α1, but failed to protect the cells from palmitate. Shear stress equally protected the wild type HUVECs and those lacking either α1, or α2, or both AMPK-α isoforms; however, the protective effect of AMPK reappeared after returning to static conditions. Moreover, in human adipose microvascular endothelial cells isolated from obese diabetic individuals, shear stress was a strong protector from palmitate lipotoxicity, thus highlighting the importance of circulation that is often obstructed in obesity/T2D. Altogether, these results indicate that AMPK is important for vascular endothelial cell protection against lipotoxicity in the static environment, however it may be dispensable for persistent and more effective protection exerted by shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asker Y. Khapchaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Alexander V. Vorotnikov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Olga A. Antonova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Mikhail V. Samsonov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Shestakova
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Igor A. Sklyanik
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Alina O. Tomilova
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Marina V. Shestakova
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow 117036, Russia; (E.A.S.); (I.A.S.); (A.O.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Vladimir P. Shirinsky
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow 121552, Russia; (O.A.A.); (M.V.S.); (V.P.S.)
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Flores K, Siques P, Brito J, Arribas SM. AMPK and the Challenge of Treating Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116205. [PMID: 35682884 PMCID: PMC9181235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is characterized by sustained elevation of pulmonary artery pressure produced by vasoconstriction and hyperproliferative remodeling of the pulmonary artery and subsequent right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The search for therapeutic targets for cardiovascular pathophysiology has extended in many directions. However, studies focused on mitigating high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) have been rare. Because AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in cardiovascular and metabolic pathology, AMPK is often studied as a potential therapeutic target. AMPK is best characterized as a sensor of cellular energy that can also restore cellular metabolic homeostasis. However, AMPK has been implicated in other pathways with vasculoprotective effects. Notably, cellular metabolic stress increases the intracellular ADP/ATP or AMP/ATP ratio, and AMPK activation restores ATP levels by activating energy-producing catabolic pathways and inhibiting energy-consuming anabolic pathways, such as cell growth and proliferation pathways, promoting cardiovascular protection. Thus, AMPK activation plays an important role in antiproliferative, antihypertrophic and antioxidant pathways in the pulmonary artery in HPH. However, AMPK plays contradictory roles in promoting HPH development. This review describes the main findings related to AMPK participation in HPH and its potential as a therapeutic target. It also extrapolates known AMPK functions to discuss the less-studied HAPH context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Flores
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20251 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-572526392
| | - Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20251 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, University Arturo Prat, Av. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile; (P.S.); (J.B.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20251 Hamburg, Germany and Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Silvia M. Arribas
- Department of Physiology, University Autonoma of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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Holzner S, Bromberger S, Wenzina J, Neumüller K, Holper TM, Petzelbauer P, Bauer W, Weber B, Schossleitner K. Phosphorylated cingulin localises GEF-H1 at tight junctions to protect vascular barriers in blood endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271985. [PMID: 34345888 PMCID: PMC8445606 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of vascular barriers is a critical step in inflammatory diseases. Endothelial tight junctions (TJs) control barrier function, and the cytoplasmic adaptor protein cingulin connects TJs to signalling pathways. However, local events at TJs during inflammation are largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the local response of TJ adaptor protein cingulin and its interaction with Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1, also known as ARHGEF2) upon vascular barrier disruption to find a new approach to counteract vascular leak. Based on transendothelial-electrical-resistance (TEER) measurements, cingulin strengthened barrier integrity upon stimulation with histamine, thrombin and VEGF. Cingulin also attenuated myosin light chain 2 (MLC2; also known as MYL2) phosphorylation by localising GEF-H1 to cell junctions. By using cingulin phosphomutants, we verified that the phosphorylation of the cingulin head domain is required for its protective effect. Increased colocalisation of GEF-H1 and cingulin was observed in the vessels of vasculitis patients compared to those in healthy skin. Our findings demonstrate that cingulin can counteract vascular leak at TJs, suggesting the existence of a novel mechanism in blood endothelial cells that protects barrier function during disease. Summary: Vascular leak in response to histamine, thrombin and VEGF can be counteracted by AMPK phosphorylating cingulin at its head domain. Consequential binding of GEF-H1 to tight junctions protects vascular barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Holzner
- Department of Dermatology, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Bromberger
- Department of Dermatology, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Wenzina
- Department of Dermatology, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Neumüller
- Department of Dermatology, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tina-Maria Holper
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Department of Dermatology, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Weber
- Department of Dermatology, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudia Schossleitner
- Department of Dermatology, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Canagliflozin protects against sepsis capillary leak syndrome by activating endothelial α1AMPK. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13700. [PMID: 34211080 PMCID: PMC8249425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is an independent prognostic factor for poor sepsis outcome. We previously demonstrated that α1AMP-activated protein kinase (α1AMPK) prevents sepsis-induced vascular hyperpermeability by mechanisms involving VE-cadherin (VE-Cad) stabilization and activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase/heat shock protein of 27 kDa (p38MAPK/HSP27) pathway. Canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, has recently been proven to activate AMPK in endothelial cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that canagliflozin could be of therapeutic potential in patients suffering from SCLS. We herein report that canagliflozin, used at clinically relevant concentrations, counteracts lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular hyperpermeability and albumin leakage in wild-type, but not in endothelial-specific α1AMPK-knockout mice. In vitro, canagliflozin was demonstrated to activate α1AMPK/p38MAPK/HSP27 pathway and to preserve VE-Cad’s integrity in human endothelial cells exposed to human septic plasma. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that canagliflozin protects against SCLS via an α1AMPK-dependent pathway, and lead us to consider novel therapeutic perspectives for this drug in SCLS.
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Zhao Q, Song P, Zou MH. AMPK and Pulmonary Hypertension: Crossroads Between Vasoconstriction and Vascular Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:691585. [PMID: 34169079 PMCID: PMC8217619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a debilitating and life-threatening disease characterized by increased blood pressure within the pulmonary arteries. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric serine-threonine kinase that contributes to the regulation of metabolic and redox signaling pathways. It has key roles in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. The role of AMPK in PH is controversial because both inhibition and activation of AMPK are preventive against PH development. Some clinical studies found that metformin, the first-line antidiabetic drug and the canonical AMPK activator, has therapeutic efficacy during treatment of early-stage PH. Other study findings suggest the use of metformin is preferentially beneficial for treatment of PH associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF). In this review, we discuss the "AMPK paradox" and highlight the differential effects of AMPK on pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. We also review the effects of AMPK activators and inhibitors on rescue of preexisting PH in animals and include a discussion of gender differences in the response to metformin in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Yang W, Wang L, Wang F, Yuan S. Roles of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in Mammalian Reproduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593005. [PMID: 33330475 PMCID: PMC7710906 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is an energy demanding function and only take place in case of sufficient available energy status in mammals. Metabolic diseases such as anorexia nervosa are clinically associated with reduced fertility. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a major regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, is activated in limited energy reserves to ensure the orderly progress of various physiological activities. In recent years, mounting evidence shows that AMPK is involved in the regulation of reproductive function through multiple mechanisms. AMPK is likely to be a metabolic sensor integrating central and peripheral signals. In this review, we aim to explore the preclinical studies published in the last decade that investigate the role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the reproductive field, and its role as a target for drug therapy of reproductive system-related diseases. We also emphasized the emerging roles of AMPK in transcriptional regulation of reproduction processes and metabolisms, which are tightly related to the energy state and fertility of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Yang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingjuan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mechanisms of Endothelial Regeneration and Vascular Repair and Their Application to Regenerative Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:52-65. [PMID: 33069720 PMCID: PMC7560161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial barrier integrity is required for maintaining vascular homeostasis and fluid balance between the circulation and surrounding tissues and for preventing the development of vascular disease. Despite comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate endothelial injury, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for endothelial regeneration and vascular repair are incompletely understood and constitute an emerging area of research. Endogenous and exogenous reparative mechanisms serve to reverse vascular damage and restore endothelial barrier function through regeneration of a functional endothelium and re-engagement of endothelial junctions. In this review, mechanisms that contribute to endothelial regeneration and vascular repair are described. Targeting these mechanisms has the potential to improve outcome in diseases that are characterized by vascular injury, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, peripheral vascular disease, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Future studies to further improve current understanding of the mechanisms that control endothelial regeneration and vascular repair are also highlighted.
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8
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Angé M, Castanares-Zapatero D, De Poortere J, Dufeys C, Courtoy GE, Bouzin C, Quarck R, Bertrand L, Beauloye C, Horman S. α1AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endothelial Barrier Disruption via Junctional Reinforcement and Activation of the p38 MAPK/HSP27 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155581. [PMID: 32759774 PMCID: PMC7432762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular hyperpermeability is a determinant factor in the pathophysiology of sepsis. While, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to play a role in maintaining endothelial barrier function in this condition. Therefore, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of this protective effect. α1AMPK expression and/or activity was modulated in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells using either α1AMPK-targeting small interfering RNA or the direct pharmacological AMPK activator 991, prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression and/or phosphorylation of proteins that compose cellular junctions (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cad), connexin 43 (Cx43)) or that regulate actin cytoskeleton (p38 MAPK; heat shock protein 27 (HSP27)). Functional endothelial permeability was assessed by in vitro Transwell assays, and quantification of cellular junctions in the plasma membrane was assessed by immunofluorescence. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling was evaluated through actin fluorescent staining. We consequently demonstrate that α1AMPK deficiency is associated with reduced expression of CX43, ZO-1, and VE-Cad, and that the drastic loss of CX43 is likely responsible for the subsequent decreased expression and localization of ZO-1 and VE-Cad in the plasma membrane. Moreover, α1AMPK activation by 991 protects against LPS-induced endothelial barrier disruption by reinforcing cortical actin cytoskeleton. This is due to a mechanism that involves the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and HSP27, which is nonetheless independent of the small GTPase Rac1. This results in a drastic decrease of LPS-induced hyperpermeability. We conclude that α1AMPK activators that are suitable for clinical use may provide a specific therapeutic intervention that limits sepsis-induced vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Angé
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Diego Castanares-Zapatero
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Division of Intensive Care, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien De Poortere
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Cécile Dufeys
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Guillaume E. Courtoy
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Rozenn Quarck
- Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-764-55-66
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9
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Che P, Wagener BM, Zhao X, Brandon AP, Evans CA, Cai GQ, Zhao R, Xu ZX, Han X, Pittet JF, Ding Q. Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein regulates Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced lung vascular permeability through the modulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics. FASEB J 2020; 34:3305-3317. [PMID: 31916311 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902915r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary edema associated with increased vascular permeability is a severe complication of Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury. The mechanisms underlying P aeruginosa-induced vascular permeability are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of neuronal Wiskott Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) in modulating P aeruginosa-induced vascular permeability. Using lung microvascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells, we demonstrated that N-WASP downregulation attenuated P aeruginosa-induced actin stress fiber formation and prevented paracellular permeability. P aeruginosa-induced dissociation between VE-cadherin and β-catenin, but increased association between N-WASP and VE-cadherin, suggesting a role for N-WASP in promoting P aeruginosa-induced adherens junction rupture. P aeruginosa increased N-WASP-Y256 phosphorylation, which required the activation of Rho GTPase and focal adhesion kinase. Increased N-WASP-Y256 phosphorylation promotes N-WASP and integrin αVβ6 association as well as TGF-β-mediated permeability across alveolar epithelial cells. Inhibition of N-WASP-Y256 phosphorylation by N-WASP-Y256F overexpression blocked N-WASP effects in P aeruginosa-induced actin stress fiber formation and increased paracellular permeability. In vivo, N-WASP knockdown attenuated the development of pulmonary edema and improved survival in a mouse model of P aeruginosa pneumonia. Together, our data demonstrate that N-WASP plays an essential role in P aeruginosa-induced vascular permeability and pulmonary edema through the modulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulin Che
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Divisions of Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xueke Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Angela P Brandon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cilina A Evans
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Divisions of Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Reciprocal Association between the Apical Junctional Complex and AMPK: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Epithelial/Endothelial Barrier Function? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236012. [PMID: 31795328 PMCID: PMC6928779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial/endothelial cells adhere to each other via cell–cell junctions including tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). TJs and AJs are spatiotemporally and functionally integrated, and are thus often collectively defined as apical junctional complexes (AJCs), regulating a number of spatiotemporal events including paracellular barrier, selective permeability, apicobasal cell polarity, mechano-sensing, intracellular signaling cascades, and epithelial morphogenesis. Over the past 15 years, it has been acknowledged that adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a well-known central regulator of energy metabolism, has a reciprocal association with AJCs. Here, we review the current knowledge of this association and show the following evidences: (1) as an upstream regulator, AJs activate the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)–AMPK axis particularly in response to applied junctional tension, and (2) TJ function and apicobasal cell polarization are downstream targets of AMPK and are promoted by AMPK activation. Although molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena have not yet been completely elucidated, identifications of novel AMPK effectors in AJCs and AMPK-driven epithelial transcription factors have enhanced our knowledge. More intensive studies along this line would eventually lead to the development of AMPK-based therapies, enabling us to manipulate epithelial/endothelial barrier function.
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11
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Dennhardt S, Finke KR, Huwiler A, Coldewey SM. Sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes barrier-stabilizing effects in human microvascular endothelial cells via AMPK-dependent mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:774-781. [PMID: 30660683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breakdown of the endothelial barrier is a critical step in the development of organ failure in severe inflammatory conditions such as sepsis. Endothelial cells from different tissues show phenotypic variations which are often neglected in endothelial research. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) have been shown to protect the endothelium and phosphorylation of AMPK by S1P was shown in several cell types. However, the role of the S1P-AMPK interrelationship for endothelial barrier stabilization has not been investigated. To assess the role of the S1P-AMPK signalling axis in this context, we established an in vitro model allowing real-time monitoring of endothelial barrier function in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and murine glomerular endothelial cells (GENCs) with the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS™) system. Following the disruption of the cell barrier by co-administration of LPS, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IFN-γ, and IL-6, we demonstrated self-recovery of the disrupted barrier in HMEC-1, while the barrier remained compromised in GENCs. Under physiological conditions we observed a rapid phosphorylation of AMPK in HMEC-1 stimulated with S1P, but not in GENCs. Consistently, S1P enhanced the basal endothelial barrier in HMEC-1 exclusively. siRNA-mediated knockdown of AMPK in HMEC-1 led to a less pronounced barrier enhancement. Thus we present evidence for a functional role of AMPK in S1P-mediated barrier stabilization in HMEC-1 and we provide insight into cell-type specific differences of the S1P-AMPK-interrelationship, which might influence the development of interventional strategies targeting endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dennhardt
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Karl R Finke
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sina M Coldewey
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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12
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Ren DD, Li J, Chang B, Li CS, Yang JH. Early intervention with Didang decoction delays macrovascular lesions in diabetic rats through regulating AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:847-854. [PMID: 29329611 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the intervening role of Didang decoction (DDD) at different times in macrovascular endothelial defense function, focusing on its effects on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. The effects of DDD on mitochondrial energy metabolism were also investigated in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). Type 2 diabetes were induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) combined with high fat diet. Rats were randomly divided into non-intervention group, metformin group, simvastatin group, and early-, middle-, late-stage DDD groups. Normal rats were used as control. All the rats received 12 weeks of intervention or control treatment. Western blots were used to detect the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 1α (PGC-1α). Changes in the intracellular AMP and ATP levels were detected with ELISA. Real-time-PCR was used to detect the mRNA level of caspase-3, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and Bcl-2. Compared to the diabetic non-intervention group, a significant increase in the expression of AMPKα1 and PGC-1α were observed in the early-stage, middle-stage DDD groups and simvastatin group (P < 0.05). The levels of Bcl-2, eNOS, and ATP were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the level of AMP and caspase-3 were decreased (P < 0.05) in the early-stage DDD group and simvastatin group. Early intervention with DDD enhances mitochondrial energy metabolism by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway and therefore may play a role in strengthening the defense function of large vascular endothelial cells and postpone the development of macrovascular diseases in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diptera
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Leeches
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Phytotherapy
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Prunus persica
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rheum
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Ren
- Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tanggu Dahua Hospital, Tianjin Coastal New Area, Tianjin 300455, China
| | - Jing Li
- Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bai Chang
- Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Chun-Shen Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Ju-Hong Yang
- Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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13
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Zhou T, Yu Z, Jian MY, Ahmad I, Trempus C, Wagener BM, Pittet JF, Aggarwal S, Garantziotis S, Song W, Matalon S. Instillation of hyaluronan reverses acid instillation injury to the mammalian blood gas barrier. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L808-L821. [PMID: 29368549 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00510.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid (HCl) aspiration during anesthesia may lead to acute lung injury. There is no effective therapy. We hypothesized that HCl instilled intratracheally in C57BL/6 mice results in the formation of low-molecular weight hyaluronan (L-HA), which activates RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK), causing airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and increased permeability. Furthermore, instillation of high-molecular weight hyaluronan (H-HA; Yabro) will reverse lung injury. We instilled HCl in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), myeloperoxidase gene-deficient (MPO-/-) mice, and CD44 gene-deficient (CD44-/-) mice. WT mice were also instilled intranasally with H-HA (Yabro) at 1 and 23 h post-HCl. All measurements were performed at 1, 5, or 24 h post-HCl. Instillation of HCl in WT but not in CD44-/- resulted in increased inflammation, AHR, lung injury, and L-HA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 24 h post-HCl; L-HA levels and lung injury were significantly lower in HCl-instilled MPO-/- mice. Isolated perfused lungs of HCl instilled WT but not of CD44-/- mice had elevated values of the filtration coefficient ( Kf). Addition of L-HA on the apical surface of human primary bronchial epithelial cell monolayer decreased barrier resistance ( RT). H-HA significantly mitigated inflammation, AHR, and pulmonary vascular leakage at 24 h after HCl instillation and mitigated the increase of Kf and RT, as well as ROCK2 phosphorylation. Increased H- and L-HA levels were found in the BALF of mechanically ventilated patients but not in healthy volunteers. HCl instillation-induced lung injury is mediated by the L-HA-CD44-RhoA-ROCK2 signaling pathway, and H-HA is a potential novel therapeutic agent for acid aspiration-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ming-Yuan Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carol Trempus
- Matrix Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Matrix Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Weifeng Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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14
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Abstract
This brief review assesses the role of Ca2+ signaling in lung endothelium in regulation of endothelial permeability. The disconnect between experimental and clinical outcomes to date may be due, in part, to the use of tools which yield information about aggregate permeability or Ca2+ responses in lung or in endothelial monolayers. The teaching point of this review is to “unpack the box,” i.e. consider the many potential issues which could impact interpretation of outcomes. These include phenotypic heterogeneity and resultant segment-specific permeability responses, methodologic issues related to permeability measures, contributions from Ca2+ channels in cells other than endothelium—such as alveolar macrophages or blood leukocytes), Ca2+ dynamic patterns, rather than averaged Ca2+ responses to channel activation, and the background context, such as changes in endothelial bioenergetics with sepsis. Any or all of these issues might color interpretation of permeability and Ca2+ signaling in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary I Townsley
- 12214 Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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15
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Wagener BM, Hu M, Zheng A, Zhao X, Che P, Brandon A, Anjum N, Snapper S, Creighton J, Guan JL, Han Q, Cai GQ, Han X, Pittet JF, Ding Q. Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein regulates TGF-β1-mediated lung vascular permeability. FASEB J 2016; 30:2557-69. [PMID: 27025963 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600102r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β1 induces an increase in paracellular permeability and actin stress fiber formation in lung microvascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells via small Rho GTPase. The molecular mechanism involved is not fully understood. Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) has an essential role in actin structure dynamics. We hypothesized that N-WASP plays a critical role in these TGF-β1-induced responses. In these cell monolayers, we demonstrated that N-WASP down-regulation by short hairpin RNA prevented TGF-β1-mediated disruption of the cortical actin structure, actin stress filament formation, and increased permeability. Furthermore, N-WASP down-regulation blocked TGF-β1 activation mediated by IL-1β in alveolar epithelial cells, which requires actin stress fiber formation. Control short hairpin RNA had no effect on these TGF-β1-induced responses. TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Y256 of N-WASP via activation of small Rho GTPase and focal adhesion kinase mediates TGF-β1-induced paracellular permeability and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In vivo, compared with controls, N-WASP down-regulation increases survival and prevents lung edema in mice induced by bleomycin exposure-a lung injury model in which TGF-β1 plays a critical role. Our data indicate that N-WASP plays a crucial role in the development of TGF-β1-mediated acute lung injury by promoting pulmonary edema via regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics.-Wagener, B. M., Hu, M., Zheng, A., Zhao, X., Che, P., Brandon, A., Anjum, N., Snapper, S., Creighton, J., Guan, J.-L., Han, Q., Cai, G.-Q., Han, X., Pittet, J.-F., Ding, Q. Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein regulates TGF-β1-mediated lung vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant M Wagener
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Meng Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Anni Zheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xueke Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Pulin Che
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Angela Brandon
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Naseem Anjum
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Scott Snapper
- Department of Pathology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Judy Creighton
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Qimei Han
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Cai
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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16
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Compound C inhibits in vitro angiogenesis and ameliorates thrombin-induced endothelial barrier failure. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 768:165-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Jian MY, Liu Y, Li Q, Wolkowicz P, Alexeyev M, Zmijewski J, Creighton J. N-cadherin coordinates AMP kinase-mediated lung vascular repair. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L71-85. [PMID: 26545901 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00227.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to the pulmonary circulation compromises endothelial barrier function and increases lung edema. Resolution of lung damage involves restoring barrier integrity, a process requiring reestablishment of endothelial cell-cell adhesions. However, mechanisms underlying repair in lung endothelium are poorly understood. In pulmonary microvascular endothelium, AMP kinase α1 (AMPKα1) stimulation enhances recovery of the endothelial barrier after LPS-induced vascular damage. AMPKα1 colocalizes to a discrete membrane compartment with the adhesion protein neuronal cadherin (N-cadherin). This study sought to determine N-cadherin's role in the repair process. Short-hairpin RNA against full-length N-cadherin or a C-terminally truncated N-cadherin, designed to disrupt the cadherin's interactions with intracellular proteins, were expressed in lung endothelium. Disruption of N-cadherin's intracellular domain caused translocation of AMPK away from the membrane and attenuated AMPK-mediated restoration of barrier function in LPS-treated endothelium. AMPK activity measurements indicated that lower basal AMPK activity in cells expressing the truncated N-cadherin compared with controls. Moreover, the AMPK stimulator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) failed to increase AMPK activity in cells expressing the modified N-cadherin, indicating uncoupling of a functional association between AMPK and the cadherin. Isolated lung studies confirmed a physiologic role for this pathway in vivo. AMPK activation reversed LPS-induced increase in permeability, whereas N-cadherin inhibition hindered AMPK-mediated repair. Thus N-cadherin coordinates the vascular protective actions of AMPK through a functional link with the kinase. This study provides insight into intrinsic repair mechanisms in the lung and supports AMPK stimulation as a modality for treating vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Jian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Center for Lung Injury and Repair
| | - Yanping Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, and
| | | | - Mikhail Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile
| | - Jaroslaw Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Judy Creighton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Center for Lung Injury and Repair,
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18
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Bertoldo MJ, Faure M, Dupont J, Froment P. AMPK: a master energy regulator for gonadal function. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:235. [PMID: 26236179 PMCID: PMC4500899 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
From C. elegans to mammals (including humans), nutrition and energy metabolism significantly influence reproduction. At the cellular level, some detectors of energy status indicate whether energy reserves are abundant (obesity), or poor (diet restriction). One of these detectors is AMPK (5′ AMP-activated protein kinase), a protein kinase activated by ATP deficiency but also by several natural substances such as polyphenols or synthetic molecules like metformin, used in the treatment of insulin resistance. AMPK is expressed in muscle and liver, but also in the ovary and testis. This review focuses on the main effects of AMPK identified in gonadal cells. We describe the role of AMPK in gonadal steroidogenesis, in proliferation and survival of somatic gonadal cells and in the maturation of oocytes or spermatozoa. We discuss also the role of AMPK in germ and somatic cell interactions within the cumulus-oocyte complex and in the blood testis barrier. Finally, the interface in the gonad between AMPK and modification of metabolism is reported and discussion about the role of AMPK on fertility, in regards to the treatment of infertility associated with insulin resistance (male obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bertoldo
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Faure
- Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR85 Nouzilly, France
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19
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Ma X, Zhang J, Deng R, Ding S, Gu N, Guo X. Synergistic effect of smoking with genetic variants in the AMPKα1 gene on the risk of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:483-8. [PMID: 24395629 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a critical physiological role in the cardiovascular system. The objective of this study was to assess the possible correlation between the genetic variability of the AMPKα1 (PRKAA1) gene and the risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as the interactive effects of the genetic variations and environmental factors, on the risk in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Five haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the AMPKα1 locus and 404 unrelated Chinese Han subjects with type 2 diabetes were studied; 260 individuals with coronary artery disease and 144 non-coronary artery disease controls were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS Minor allele C at rs3805489 was protective from coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic subjects compared with allele A (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48-0.92, p = 0.015). There was no significant correlation between the genotypes at five SNPs and the risk of coronary artery disease. In addition, a significant interaction was identified between smoking status and rs3805489 (p = 0.018 for interaction). The smokers with genotype AA at the SNP had a three-fold higher risk of coronary artery disease compared with non-smokers with genotypes AC or CC (OR' 3.02, 95% CI' 1.39-6.57, p' = 0.005, after adjustment for other known coronary artery disease risk factors). CONCLUSIONS The genetic variability at the AMPKα1 locus has synergetic effects with smoking to increase the risk of coronary artery disease in the Chinese Han population with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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20
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Le Dréan G, Segain JP. Connecting metabolism to intestinal barrier function: The role of leptin. Tissue Barriers 2014; 2:e970940. [PMID: 25610758 DOI: 10.4161/21688362.2014.970940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure and function of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) are dependent upon the integrity of junctional protein structures sealing the apical surface between epithelial cells. Tight junctions (TJ) and the surrounding apical F-actin cytoskeleton are involved in the regulation of paracellular permeability. The regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization by RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway plays an important role in TJ assembly and function. There is mounting evidence that the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin exerts pleiotropic effects on the intestinal epithelium including nutrient absorption, epithelial growth, inflammation and injury. Leptin activates multiple cell signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) that can explain these pleiotropic effects. However, these pathways are also involved in the primary role of leptin that is the regulation of energy and glucose metabolism homeostasis. In this commentary, we examine how the interplay between leptin signaling pathways that regulate cell metabolism could impact upon IEB function.
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Key Words
- AMPK
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- IEB, intestinal epithelial barrier
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cells
- JAK, Janus kinase
- JAK/STAT
- LepR-b, leptin receptor
- MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast
- MLC, myosin light chain
- ROCK, Rho-kinase
- RhoA/ROCK
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- TJ, tight junctions
- VAT, visceral adipose tissue
- barrier repair
- intestinal epithelial barrier
- leptin
- metabolism
- tight-junction
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenola Le Dréan
- Université de Nantes; Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD); Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine du Grand Ouest (CRNH) ; Nantes, France ; CHU Hôtel-Dieu, Place Alexis Ricordeau ; Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Segain
- Université de Nantes; Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD); Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine du Grand Ouest (CRNH) ; Nantes, France ; CHU Hôtel-Dieu, Place Alexis Ricordeau ; Nantes, France
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21
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Ibe JCF, Zhou Q, Chen T, Tang H, Yuan JXJ, Raj JU, Zhou G. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase is required for pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell survival and the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 49:609-18. [PMID: 23668615 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0446oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) express both adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 and α2. We investigated the distinct roles of AMPK α1 and α2 in the survival of HPASMCs during hypoxia and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). The exposure of HPASMCs to hypoxia (3% O2) increased AMPK activation and phosphorylation, and the inhibition of AMPK with Compound C during hypoxia decreased their viability and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity and apoptosis. Although the suppression of either AMPK α1 or α2 expression led to increased cell death, the suppression of AMPK α2 alone increased caspase-3 activity and apoptosis in HPASMCs exposed to hypoxia. It also resulted in the decreased expression of myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL-1). The knockdown of MCL-1 or MCL-1 inhibitors increased caspase-3 activity and apoptosis in HPASMCs exposed to hypoxia. On the other hand, the suppression of AMPK α1 expression alone prevented hypoxia-mediated autophagy. The inhibition of autophagy induced cell death in HPASMCs. Our results suggest that AMPK α1 and AMPK α2 play differential roles in the survival of HPASMCs during hypoxia. The activation of AMPK α2 maintains the expression of MCL-1 and prevents apoptosis, whereas the activation of AMPK α1 stimulates autophagy, promoting HPASMC survival. Moreover, treatment with Compound C, which inhibits both isoforms of AMPK, prevented and partly reversed hypoxia-induced PH in mice. Taking these results together, our study suggests that AMPK plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension, and AMPK may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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22
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Connection between cardiac vascular permeability, myocardial edema, and inflammation during sepsis: role of the α1AMP-activated protein kinase isoform. Crit Care Med 2014; 41:e411-22. [PMID: 23963133 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31829866dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase both controls cytoskeleton organization in endothelial cells and exerts anti-inflammatory effects, we here postulated that it could influence vascular permeability and inflammation, thereby counteracting cardiac wall edema during sepsis. DESIGN Controlled animal study. SETTINGS University research laboratory. SUBJECTS C57BL/6J, α1AMPK, and α1AMPK mice. INTERVENTION Sepsis was triggered in vivo using a sublethal injection of lipopolysaccharide (O55B5, 10 mg/kg), inducing systolic left ventricular dysfunction. Left ventricular function, edema, vascular permeability, and inflammation were assessed in vivo in both wild-type mice (α1AMPK) and α1AMP-activated protein kinase-deficient mice (α1AMPK). The 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside served to study the impact of AMP-activated protein kinase activation on vascular permeability in vivo. The integrity of endothelial cell monolayers was also examined in vitro after lipopolysaccharide challenge in the presence of aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside and/or after α1AMP-activated protein kinase silencing. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS α1AMP-activated protein kinase deficiency dramatically impaired tolerance to lipopolysaccharide challenge. Indeed, α1AMPK exhibited heightened cardiac vascular permeability after lipopolysaccharide challenge compared with α1AMPK. Consequently, an increase in left ventricular mass corresponding to exaggerated wall edema occurred in α1AMPK, without any further decrease in systolic function. Mechanistically, the lipopolysaccharide-induced α1AMPK cardiac phenotype could not be attributed to major changes in the systemic inflammatory response but was due to an increased disruption of interendothelial tight junctions. Accordingly, AMP-activated protein kinase activation by aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside counteracted lipopolysaccharide-induced hyperpermeability in wild-type mice in vivo as well as in endothelial cells in vitro. This effect was associated with a potent protection of zonula occludens-1 linear border pattern in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time the involvement of a signaling pathway in the control of left ventricular wall edema during sepsis. AMP-activated protein kinase exerts a protective action through the preservation of interendothelial tight junctions. Interestingly, exaggerated left ventricular wall edema was not coupled with aggravated systolic dysfunction. However, it could contribute to diastolic dysfunction in patients with sepsis.
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Jian MY, Alexeyev MF, Wolkowicz PE, Zmijewski JW, Creighton JR. Metformin-stimulated AMPK-α1 promotes microvascular repair in acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L844-55. [PMID: 24097562 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00173.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury secondary to sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in sepsis-related death. Present therapies are not effective in reversing endothelial cell dysfunction, which plays a key role in increased vascular permeability and compromised lung function. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a molecular sensor important for detection and mediation of cellular adaptations to vascular disruptive stimuli. In this study, we sought to determine the role of AMPK in resolving increased endothelial permeability in the sepsis-injured lung. AMPK function was determined in vivo using a rat model of endotoxin-induced lung injury, ex vivo using the isolated lung, and in vitro using cultured rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). AMPK stimulation using N1-(α-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-aminoimidizole-4-carboxamide or metformin decreased the LPS-induced increase in permeability, as determined by filtration coefficient (Kf) measurements, and resolved edema as indicated by decreased wet-to-dry ratios. The role of AMPK in the endothelial response to LPS was determined by shRNA designed to decrease expression of the AMPK-α1 isoform in capillary endothelial cells. Permeability, wounding, and barrier resistance assays using PMVECs identified AMPK-α1 as the molecule responsible for the beneficial effects of AMPK in the lung. Our findings provide novel evidence for AMPK-α1 as a vascular repair mechanism important in the pulmonary response to sepsis and identify a role for metformin treatment in the management of capillary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Jian
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, BMR II, 901 19 St., S. Birmingham, AL 35294.
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Interaction of membrane/lipid rafts with the cytoskeleton: impact on signaling and function: membrane/lipid rafts, mediators of cytoskeletal arrangement and cell signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:532-45. [PMID: 23899502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells contains microdomains that are enriched in certain glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, and sterols (such as cholesterol) to form membrane/lipid rafts (MLR). These regions exist as caveolae, morphologically observable flask-like invaginations, or as a less easily detectable planar form. MLR are scaffolds for many molecular entities, including signaling receptors and ion channels that communicate extracellular stimuli to the intracellular milieu. Much evidence indicates that this organization and/or the clustering of MLR into more active signaling platforms depends upon interactions with and dynamic rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. Several cytoskeletal components and binding partners, as well as enzymes that regulate the cytoskeleton, localize to MLR and help regulate lateral diffusion of membrane proteins and lipids in response to extracellular events (e.g., receptor activation, shear stress, electrical conductance, and nutrient demand). MLR regulate cellular polarity, adherence to the extracellular matrix, signaling events (including ones that affect growth and migration), and are sites of cellular entry of certain pathogens, toxins and nanoparticles. The dynamic interaction between MLR and the underlying cytoskeleton thus regulates many facets of the function of eukaryotic cells and their adaptation to changing environments. Here, we review general features of MLR and caveolae and their role in several aspects of cellular function, including polarity of endothelial and epithelial cells, cell migration, mechanotransduction, lymphocyte activation, neuronal growth and signaling, and a variety of disease settings. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé.
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Creighton J. Factors controlling vascular permeability: transmitting mechanical signals. Focus on "Mechanical induction of group V phospholipase A₂ causes lung inflammation and acute lung injury". Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L279-81. [PMID: 23812631 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00129.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Judy Creighton
- Dept. of Anesthesiology BMR II 901 19 St. S., Birmingham, AL 35294.
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26
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Takeuchi K, Morizane Y, Kamami-Levy C, Suzuki J, Kayama M, Cai W, Miller JW, Vavvas DG. AMP-dependent kinase inhibits oxidative stress-induced caveolin-1 phosphorylation and endocytosis by suppressing the dissociation between c-Abl and Prdx1 proteins in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:20581-91. [PMID: 23723070 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.460832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is the primary structural component of endothelial caveolae that is essential for transcellular trafficking of albumin and is also a critical scaffolding protein that regulates the activity of signaling molecules in caveolae. Phosphorylation of caveolin-1 plays a fundamental role in the mechanism of oxidant-induced vascular hyper permeability. However, the regulatory mechanism of caveolin-1 phosphorylation remains unclear. Here we identify a previously unexpected role for AMPK in inhibition of caveolin-1 phosphorylation under oxidative stress. A pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), inhibited oxidative stress-induced phosphorylation of both caveolin-1 and c-Abl, which is the major kinase of caveolin-1, and endocytosis of albumin in human umbilical vein endothelial cell. These effects were abolished by treatment with two specific inhibitors of AICAR, dipyridamole, and 5-iodotubericidin. Consistently, knockdown of the catalytic AMPKα subunit by siRNA abolished the inhibitory effect of AICAR on oxidant-induced phosphorylation of both caveolin-1 and c-Abl. Pretreatment with specific c-Abl inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, and knock down of c-Abl significantly decreased the caveolin-1 phosphorylation after H2O2 exposure and abolished the inhibitory effect of AICAR on the caveolin-1 phosphorylation. Interestingly, knockdown of Prdx-1, an antioxidant enzyme associated with c-Abl, increased phosphorylation of both caveolin-1 and c-Abl and abolished the inhibitory effect of AICAR on the caveolin-1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiment showed that AICAR suppressed the oxidant-induced dissociation between c-Abl and Prdx1. Overall, our results suggest that activation of AMPK inhibits oxidative stress-induced caveolin-1 phosphorylation and endocytosis, and this effect is mediated in part by stabilizing the interaction between c-Abl and Prdx-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Takeuchi
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Sundivakkam PC, Natarajan V, Malik AB, Tiruppathi C. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) induced by protease-activated receptor-1 mediates STIM1 protein phosphorylation to inhibit SOCE in endothelial cells through AMP-activated protein kinase and p38β mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17030-17041. [PMID: 23625915 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.411272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca(2+) sensor STIM1 is crucial for activation of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) through transient receptor potential canonical and Orai channels. STIM1 phosphorylation serves as an "off switch" for SOCE. However, the signaling pathway for STIM1 phosphorylation is unknown. Here, we show that SOCE activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); its effector p38β mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38β MAPK) phosphorylates STIM1, thus inhibiting SOCE in human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Activation of AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in STIM1 phosphorylation on serine residues and prevented protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)-induced Ca(2+) entry. Furthermore, AICAR pretreatment blocked PAR-1-induced increase in the permeability of mouse lung microvessels. Activation of SOCE with thrombin caused phosphorylation of isoform α1 but not α2 of the AMPK catalytic subunit. Moreover, knockdown of AMPKα1 augmented SOCE induced by thrombin. Interestingly, SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, blocked STIM1 phosphorylation and led to sustained STIM1-puncta formation and Ca(2+) entry. Of the three p38 MAPK isoforms expressed in endothelial cells, p38β knockdown prevented PAR-1-mediated STIM1 phosphorylation and potentiated SOCE. In addition, inhibition of the SOCE downstream target CaM kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) or knockdown of AMPKα1 suppressed PAR-1-mediated phosphorylation of p38β and hence STIM1. Thus, our findings demonstrate that SOCE activates CaMKKβ-AMPKα1-p38β MAPK signaling to phosphorylate STIM1, thereby suppressing endothelial SOCE and permeability responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premanand C Sundivakkam
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7343
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7343
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7343
| | - Chinnaswamy Tiruppathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7343.
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Umapathy SN, Kaczmarek E, Fatteh N, Burns N, Lucas R, Stenmark KR, Verin AD, Gerasimovskaya EV. Adenosine A1 receptors promote vasa vasorum endothelial cell barrier integrity via Gi and Akt-dependent actin cytoskeleton remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59733. [PMID: 23613714 PMCID: PMC3628712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a neonatal model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, a dramatic pulmonary artery adventitial thickening, accumulation of inflammatory cells in the adventitial compartment, and angiogenic expansion of the vasa vasorum microcirculatory network are observed. These pathophysiological responses suggest that rapidly proliferating vasa vasorum endothelial cells (VVEC) may exhibit increased permeability for circulating blood cells and macromolecules. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations remain unexplored. Some reports implicated extracellular adenosine in the regulation of vascular permeability under hypoxic and inflammatory conditions. Thus, we aimed to determine the role of adenosine in barrier regulation of VVEC isolated from the pulmonary arteries of normoxic (VVEC-Co) or chronically hypoxic (VVEC-Hyp) neonatal calves. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We demonstrate via a transendothelial electrical resistance measurement that exogenous adenosine significantly enhanced the barrier function in VVEC-Co and, to a lesser extent, in VVEC-Hyp. Our data from a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction show that both VVEC-Co and VVEC-Hyp express all four adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3), with the highest expression level of A1 receptors (A1Rs). However, A1R expression was significantly lower in VVEC-Hyp compared to VVEC-Co. By using an A1R-specific agonist/antagonist and siRNA, we demonstrate that A1Rs are mostly responsible for adenosine-induced enhancement in barrier function. Adenosine-induced barrier integrity enhancement was attenuated by pretreatment of VVEC with pertussis toxin and GSK690693 or LY294002, suggesting the involvement of Gi proteins and the PI3K-Akt pathway. Moreover, we reveal a critical role of actin cytoskeleton in VVEC barrier regulation by using specific inhibitors of actin and microtubule polymerization. Further, we show that adenosine pretreatment blocked the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced permeability in VVEC-Co, validating its anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that stimulation of A1Rs enhances the barrier function in VVEC by activation of the Gi/PI3K/Akt pathway and remodeling of actin microfilament.
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Shugrue CA, Alexandre M, de Villalvilla AD, Kolodecik TR, Young LH, Gorelick FS, Thrower EC. Cerulein hyperstimulation decreases AMP-activated protein kinase levels at the site of maximal zymogen activation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G723-32. [PMID: 22821946 PMCID: PMC3468535 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00082.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The premature activation of digestive enzyme zymogens in the pancreatic acinar cell is an important initiating event in acute pancreatitis. We have previously demonstrated that vacuolar ATPase (vATPase) activity is required for zymogen activation. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates vATPase function in kidney and epididymal clear cells. To determine whether AMPK could affect pancreatitis responses, its effects were first examined in a cellular model of pancreatitis, cerulein-hyperstimulated (100 nM) pancreatic acini. This treatment caused a prominent increase in trypsin and chymotrypsin activities. Pretreatment with AICAR or metformin (AMPK activators) or compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) reduced or increased cerulein-induced zymogen activation, respectively. The association of the vATPase E subunit with membranes, a marker of its activation, tended to be inversely related to AMPK activity (assessed by AICAR and compound C treatments). Cerulein treatment did not change AMPK (α and β) levels but did lead to an increase in its activation (phosphorylation of Thr172) and induced the time-dependent translocation of the enzyme to a Triton-insoluble compartment. Basal in vivo studies showed that AMPK was widely distributed between membrane and soluble fractions generated by differential centrifugation. After cerulein hyperstimulation, AMPK levels selectively decreased in fractions containing the highest levels of active zymogens. These studies suggest that AMPK activity has a protective role in the pancreatic acinar cell that inhibits zymogen activation in the basal state, and this AMPK effect is reduced during pancreatitis. Therapies that prevent the selective reduction of AMPK in compartments that support zymogen activation could reduce injury during pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Shugrue
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and ,4Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Martine Alexandre
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and ,4Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alexander Diaz de Villalvilla
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and ,4Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Thomas R. Kolodecik
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and ,4Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lawrence H. Young
- 3Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
| | - Fred S. Gorelick
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and ,2Cell Biology, and ,4Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Edwin C. Thrower
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and ,4Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, Connecticut
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Ochoa CD, Alexeyev M, Pastukh V, Balczon R, Stevens T. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin Y is a promiscuous cyclase that increases endothelial tau phosphorylation and permeability. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25407-18. [PMID: 22637478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.301440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exotoxin Y (ExoY) is a type III secretion system effector found in ~ 90% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Although it is known that ExoY causes inter-endothelial gaps and vascular leak, the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. Using both a bacteria-delivered and a codon-optimized conditionally expressed ExoY, we report that this toxin is a dual soluble adenylyl and guanylyl cyclase that results in intracellular cAMP and cGMP accumulation. The enzymatic activity of ExoY caused phosphorylation of endothelial Tau serine 214, accumulation of insoluble Tau, inter-endothelial cell gap formation, and increased macromolecular permeability. To discern whether the cAMP or cGMP signal was responsible for Tau phosphorylation and barrier disruption, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were engineered for the conditional expression of either wild-type guanylyl cyclase, which synthesizes cGMP, or a mutated guanylyl cyclase, which synthesizes cAMP. Sodium nitroprusside stimulation of the cGMP-generating cyclase resulted in transient Tau serine 214 phosphorylation and gap formation, whereas stimulation of the cAMP-generating cyclase induced a robust increase in Tau serine 214 phosphorylation, gap formation, and macromolecular permeability. These results indicate that the cAMP signal is the dominant stimulus for Tau phosphorylation. Hence, ExoY is a promiscuous cyclase and edema factor that uses cAMP and, to some extent, cGMP to induce the hyperphosphorylation and insolubility of endothelial Tau. Because hyperphosphorylated and insoluble Tau are hallmarks in neurodegenerative tauopathies such as Alzheimer disease, acute Pseudomonas infections cause a pathophysiological sequela in endothelium previously recognized only in chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhiaan D Ochoa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
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31
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Creighton J. Targeting therapeutic effects: subcellular location matters. Focus on "Pharmacological AMP-kinase activators have compartment-specific effects on cell physiology". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C1293-5. [PMID: 21956167 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00358.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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