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Qiao X, Yin J, Zheng Z, Li L, Feng X. Endothelial cell dynamics in sepsis-induced acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:241. [PMID: 38664775 PMCID: PMC11046830 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a prevalent critical condition in clinics, continues to be the leading cause of death from infections and a global healthcare issue. Among the organs susceptible to the harmful effects of sepsis, the lungs are notably the most frequently affected. Consequently, patients with sepsis are predisposed to developing acute lung injury (ALI), and in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms associated with the onset of ALI/ARDS remain elusive. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the role of endothelial cells (ECs), a cell type integral to lung barrier function, and their interactions with various stromal cells in sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the involvement of endothelial cells and their intricate interplay with immune cells and stromal cells, including pulmonary epithelial cells and fibroblasts, in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS, with particular emphasis placed on discussing the several pivotal pathways implicated in this process. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic interventions for modulating the functions of endothelial cells, their interactions with immune cells and stromal cells, and relevant pathways associated with ALI/ARDS to present a potential therapeutic strategy for managing sepsis and sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Junhao Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihuan Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Liangge Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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2
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Seal A, Hughes M, Wei F, Pugazhendhi AS, Ngo C, Ruiz J, Schwartzman JD, Coathup MJ. Sphingolipid-Induced Bone Regulation and Its Emerging Role in Dysfunction Due to Disease and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3024. [PMID: 38474268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The human skeleton is a metabolically active system that is constantly regenerating via the tightly regulated and highly coordinated processes of bone resorption and formation. Emerging evidence reveals fascinating new insights into the role of sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin, sphingosine, ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, in bone homeostasis. Sphingolipids are a major class of highly bioactive lipids able to activate distinct protein targets including, lipases, phosphatases, and kinases, thereby conferring distinct cellular functions beyond energy metabolism. Lipids are known to contribute to the progression of chronic inflammation, and notably, an increase in bone marrow adiposity parallel to elevated bone loss is observed in most pathological bone conditions, including aging, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteomyelitis. Of the numerous classes of lipids that form, sphingolipids are considered among the most deleterious. This review highlights the important primary role of sphingolipids in bone homeostasis and how dysregulation of these bioactive metabolites appears central to many chronic bone-related diseases. Further, their contribution to the invasion, virulence, and colonization of both viral and bacterial host cell infections is also discussed. Many unmet clinical needs remain, and data to date suggest the future use of sphingolipid-targeted therapy to regulate bone dysfunction due to a variety of diseases or infection are highly promising. However, deciphering the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of this diverse and extremely complex sphingolipidome, both in terms of bone health and disease, is considered the next frontier in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouska Seal
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Megan Hughes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Abinaya S Pugazhendhi
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Jonathan Ruiz
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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3
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Komai M, Noda Y, Ikeda A, Kaneshiro N, Kamikubo Y, Sakurai T, Uehara T, Takasugi N. Nuclear SphK2/S1P signaling is a key regulator of ApoE production and Aβ uptake in astrocytes. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100510. [PMID: 38280459 PMCID: PMC10907773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between changes in astrocyte function and the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted considerable attention. Interestingly, activated astrocytes in AD show abnormalities in their lipid content and metabolism. In particular, the expression of apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a lipid transporter, is decreased. Because ApoE has anti-inflammatory and amyloid β (Aβ)-metabolizing effects, the nuclear receptors, retinoid X receptor (RXR) and LXR, which are involved in ApoE expression, are considered promising therapeutic targets for AD. However, the therapeutic effects of agents targeting these receptors are limited or vary considerably among groups, indicating the involvement of an unknown pathological factor that modifies astrocyte and ApoE function. Here, we focused on the signaling lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which is mainly produced by sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) in the brain. Using astrocyte models, we found that upregulation of SphK2/S1P signaling suppressed ApoE induction by both RXR and LXR agonists. We also found that SphK2 activation reduced RXR binding to the APOE promoter region in the nucleus, suggesting the nuclear function of SphK2/S1P. Intriguingly, suppression of SphK2 activity by RNA knockdown or specific inhibitors upregulated lipidated ApoE induction. Furthermore, the induced ApoE facilitates Aβ uptake in astrocytes. Together with our previous findings that SphK2 activity is upregulated in AD brain and promotes Aβ production in neurons, these results indicate that SphK2/S1P signaling is a promising multifunctional therapeutic target for AD that can modulate astrocyte function by stabilizing the effects of RXR and LXR agonists, and simultaneously regulate neuronal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Komai
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Noda
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsuya Ikeda
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nanaka Kaneshiro
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamikubo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Takasugi
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita, Okayama, Japan; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Salama YA, Hassan HM, El-Gayar AM, Abdel-Rahman N. Combined quercetin and simvastatin attenuate hepatic fibrosis in rats by modulating SphK1/NLRP3 pathways. Life Sci 2024; 337:122349. [PMID: 38128755 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis involves several signalling pathways working in concert regulating the deposition of extracellular matrix. In this study, we evaluated the effect of quercetin and simvastatin alone and their combination on the treatment of experimentally induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. To decipher the potential mechanisms involved, liver fibrosis was induced in rats by administration of 40 % carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (1 μl/g rat, i.p., twice weekly) for 6 weeks. Quercetin (50 mg/kg, orally), simvastatin (40 mg/kg, orally) either individually or combined were administered for another 4 weeks. The three treatment groups ameliorated hepatic dysfunction and altered parameters of sphingolipid and pyroptosis pathways. Yet, the combined group showed a more pronounced effect. Treatments lowered serum levels of GOT, GPT, ALP and elevated albumin and total protein levels. Histopathological and electron microscope examination of liver tissue revealed diminished fibrosis and inflammation. Protein expression levels of α-SMA, IL-1β, PPAR-γ, TGF-β1, caspase-1 and caspase-3 expression in liver tissues were reduced. Additionally, hepatic mRNA levels of SphK1 and NLRP3 decreased after treatment. Furthermore, the three groups lowered MDA levels and elevated total antioxidant capacity, GSH and Nrf2 expression levels. Treatments downregulated sphingolipid pathway and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and stimulated an anti-apoptotic, anti-proliferative and antioxidant activity. This suggests that targeting the SphK1/NLRP3 pathway could be a prospective therapeutic strategy against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Salama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Amal M El-Gayar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Noha Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt.
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5
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Dwivedi SD, Yadav K, Bhoi A, Sahu KK, Sangwan N, Singh D, Singh MR. Targeting Pathways and Integrated Approaches to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:87-102. [PMID: 38305342 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023044719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic symmetrical systemic disorder that not only affects joints but also other organs such as heart, lungs, kidney, and liver. Approximately there is 0.5%-1% of the total population affected by RA. RA pathogenesis still remains unclear due to which its appropriate treatment is a challenge. Further, multitudes of factors have been reported to affect its progression i.e. genetic factor, environmental factor, immune factor, and oxidative factor. Therapeutic approaches available for the treatment of RA include NSAIDs, DMARDs, enzymatic, hormonal, and gene therapies. But most of them provide the symptomatic relief without treating the core of the disease. This makes it obligatory to explore and reach the molecular targets for cure and long-term relief from RA. Herein, we attempt to provide extensive overlay of the new targets for RA treatment such as signaling pathways, proteins, and receptors affecting the progression of the disease and its severity. Precise modification in these targets such as suppressing the notch signaling pathway, SIRT 3 protein, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor and stimulating the neuronal signals particularly efferent vagus nerve and SIRT 1 protein may offer long term relief and potentially diminish the chronicity. To target or alter the novel molecules and signaling pathway a specific delivery system is required such as liposome, nanoparticles and micelles and many more. Present review paper discusses in detail about novel targets and delivery systems for treating RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Devi Dwivedi
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G), 492010, India
| | - Anita Bhoi
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - Keshav Kant Sahu
- School of studies in biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G), 492010, India
| | - Neelam Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of pharmacy, Pt.Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur.(C.G.) 2. National centre for natural resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur
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Rida R, Kreydiyyeh S. Effect of FTY720P on lipid accumulation in HEPG2 cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19716. [PMID: 37953311 PMCID: PMC10641067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an increase in hepatic lipid accumulation due to impaired lipid metabolism. Although a correlation was found between NAFLD and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the role of the sphingolipid remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate any involvement of S1P in steatosis using its analog FTY720P and HepG2 cells. Lipid accumulation was induced by incubating the cells in a mixture of oleic and palmitic acid, and was quantified using Oil Red O. The involvement of signaling mediators was studied using pharmacological inhibitors and western blot analysis. FTY720P increased lipid accumulation, but this increase wasn't maintained in the presence of inhibitors of S1PR3, Gq, SREBP, mTOR, PI3K, and PPARγ indicating their involvement in the process. The results revealed that FTY720P binds to S1PR3 which activates sequentially Gq, PI3K, and mTOR leading to an increase in SREBP expression and PPARγ activation. It was concluded that in presence of a high level of fatty acids, lipid accumulation is increased in hepatocytes by the exogenously added FTY720P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Rida
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sawsan Kreydiyyeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Garcia Corrales AV, Verberk SGS, Haidar M, Grajchen E, Dehairs J, Vanherle S, Loix M, Weytjens T, Gervois P, Matsuzaka T, Lambrichts I, Swinnen JV, Bogie JFJ, Hendriks JJA. Fatty acid elongation by ELOVL6 hampers remyelination by promoting inflammatory foam cell formation during demyelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301030120. [PMID: 37669365 PMCID: PMC10500284 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the formation of multiple focal demyelinating lesions within the central nervous system (CNS). These lesions mainly consist of phagocytes that play a key role in lesion progression and remyelination, and therefore represent a promising therapeutic target in MS. We recently showed that unsaturated fatty acids produced by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 induce inflammatory foam cell formation during demyelination. These fatty acids are elongated by the "elongation of very long chain fatty acids" proteins (ELOVLs), generating a series of functionally distinct lipids. Here, we show that the expression and activity of ELOVLs are altered in myelin-induced foam cells. Especially ELOVL6, an enzyme responsible for converting saturated and monounsaturated C16 fatty acids into C18 species, was found to be up-regulated in myelin phagocytosing phagocytes in vitro and in MS lesions. Depletion of Elovl6 induced a repair-promoting phagocyte phenotype through activation of the S1P/PPARγ pathway. Elovl6-deficient foamy macrophages showed enhanced ABCA1-mediated lipid efflux, increased production of neurotrophic factors, and reduced expression of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, our data show that ELOVL6 hampers CNS repair, as Elovl6 deficiency prevented demyelination and boosted remyelination in organotypic brain slice cultures and the mouse cuprizone model. These findings indicate that targeting ELOVL6 activity may be an effective strategy to stimulate CNS repair in MS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida V. Garcia Corrales
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Sanne G. S. Verberk
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Elien Grajchen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Melanie Loix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Tine Weytjens
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8575, Japan
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Johannes V. Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen F. J. Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
| | - Jerome J. A. Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek3590, Belgium
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Shi M, Tang C, Wu JX, Ji BW, Gong BM, Wu XH, Wang X. Mass Spectrometry Detects Sphingolipid Metabolites for Discovery of New Strategy for Cancer Therapy from the Aspect of Programmed Cell Death. Metabolites 2023; 13:867. [PMID: 37512574 PMCID: PMC10384871 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, a type of bioactive lipid, play crucial roles within cells, serving as integral components of membranes and exhibiting strong signaling properties that have potential therapeutic implications in anti-cancer treatments. However, due to the diverse group of lipids and intricate mechanisms, sphingolipids still face challenges in enhancing the efficacy of different therapy approaches. In recent decades, mass spectrometry has made significant advancements in uncovering sphingolipid biomarkers and elucidating their impact on cancer development, progression, and resistance. Primary sphingolipids, such as ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, exhibit contrasting roles in regulating cancer cell death and survival. The evasion of cell death is a characteristic hallmark of cancer cells, leading to treatment failure and a poor prognosis. The escape initiates with long-established apoptosis and extends to other programmed cell death (PCD) forms when patients experience chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or immunotherapy. Gradually, supportive evidence has uncovered the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying various forms of PCD leading to the development of innovative molecular, genetic, and pharmacological tools that specifically target sphingolipid signaling nodes. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of the sphingolipid biomarkers revealed through mass spectrometry in recent decades, as well as an in-depth analysis of the six main forms of PCD (apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis) in aspects of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and tumor response to treatments. We review the corresponding small-molecule compounds associated with these processes and their potential implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jia-Xing Wu
- SINO-SWISS Institute of Advanced Technology, School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bao-Wei Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bao-Ming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Mebarek S, Skafi N, Brizuela L. Targeting Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Metabolism as a Therapeutic Avenue for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2732. [PMID: 37345069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. More than 65% of men diagnosed with PC are above 65. Patients with localized PC show high long-term survival, however with the disease progression into a metastatic form, it becomes incurable, even after strong radio- and/or chemotherapy. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that participates in all the steps of oncogenesis including tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and metastatic spread. The S1P-producing enzymes sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SK1 and SK2), and the S1P degrading enzyme S1P lyase (SPL), have been shown to be highly implicated in the onset, development, and therapy resistance of PC during the last 20 years. In this review, the most important studies demonstrating the role of S1P and S1P metabolic partners in PC are discussed. The different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of PC that were used to demonstrate the implication of S1P metabolism are especially highlighted. Furthermore, the most efficient molecules targeting S1P metabolism that are under preclinical and clinical development for curing PC are summarized. Finally, the possibility of targeting S1P metabolism alone or combined with other therapies in the foreseeable future as an alternative option for PC patients is discussed. Research Strategy: PubMed from INSB was used for article research. First, key words "prostate & sphingosine" were used and 144 articles were found. We also realized other combinations of key words as "prostate cancer bone metastasis" and "prostate cancer treatment". We used the most recent reviews to illustrate prostate cancer topic and sphingolipid metabolism overview topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Mebarek
- CNRS UMR 5246, INSA Lyon, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), 69622 Lyon, France
| | - Najwa Skafi
- CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Leyre Brizuela
- CNRS UMR 5246, INSA Lyon, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), 69622 Lyon, France
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10
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Ferret-Sena V, Capela C, Macedo A, Salgado AV, Derudas B, Staels B, Sena A. Fingolimod treatment modulates PPARγ and CD36 gene expression in women with multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1077381. [PMID: 36590913 PMCID: PMC9797671 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1077381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod is an oral immunomodulatory drug used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) that may change lipid metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are transcription factors that regulate lipoprotein metabolism and immune functions and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of MS. CD36 is a scavenger receptor whose transcription is PPAR regulated. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether fingolimod treatment modifies PPAR and CD36 gene expression as part of its action mechanisms. Serum lipoprotein profiles and PPAR and CD36 gene expression levels in peripheral leukocytes were analysed in 17 female MS patients before and at 6 and 12 months after fingolimod treatment initiation. Clinical data during the follow-up period of treatment were obtained. We found that fingolimod treatment increased HDL-Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein E levels and leukocyte PPARγ and CD36 gene expression. No correlations were found between lipid levels and variations in PPARγ and CD36 gene expression. PPARγ and CD36 variations were significantly correlated during therapy and in patients free of relapse and stable disease. Our results suggest that PPARγ and CD36-mediated processes may contribute to the mechanisms of action of fingolimod in MS. Further studies are required to explore the relation of the PPARγ/CD36 pathway to the clinical efficacy of the drug and its involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Ferret-Sena
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Capela
- Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Macedo
- Keypoint Consultora Científica, Algés, Portugal,Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina (DCBM), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Bruno Derudas
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Armando Sena
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal,Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal,*Correspondence: Armando Sena,
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11
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Chakrabarty S, Bui Q, Badeanlou L, Hester K, Chun J, Ruf W, Ciaraldi TP, Samad F. S1P/S1PR3 signalling axis protects against obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. Adipocyte 2022; 11:69-83. [PMID: 35094654 PMCID: PMC8803104 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.2021700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that interacts via 5 G-protein coupled receptors, S1PR1-5, to regulate signalling pathways critical to biological processes including cell growth, immune cell trafficking, and inflammation.We demonstrate that in Type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects, plasma S1P levels significantly increased in response to the anti-diabetic drug, rosiglitazone, and, S1P levels correlated positively with measures of improved glucose homeostasis. In HFD-induced obese C57BL/6 J mice S1PR3 gene expression was increased in adipose tissues (AT) and liver compared with low fat diet (LFD)-fed counterparts. On a HFD, weight gain was similar in both S1PR3-/- mice and WT littermates; however, HFD-fed S1PR3-/- mice exhibited a phenotype of partial lipodystrophy, exacerbated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. This worsened metabolic phenotype of HFD-fed S1PR3-/- mice was mechanistically linked with increased adipose inflammation, adipose macrophage and T-cell accumulation, hepatic inflammation and hepatic steatosis. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes S1P increased adipogenesis and S1P-S1PR3 signalling regulated the expression of PPARγ, suggesting a novel role for this signalling pathway in the adipogenic program. These results reveal an anti-diabetic role for S1P, and, that S1P-S1PR3 signalling in the adipose and liver defends against excessive inflammation and steatosis to maintain metabolic homeostasis at key regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell Biology, San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Quyen Bui
- Department of Cell Biology, San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Leylla Badeanlou
- Department of Cell Biology, San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Hester
- Department of Cell Biology, San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, Ca and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fahumiya Samad
- Department of Cell Biology, San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
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12
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate mediates adiponectin receptor signaling essential for lipid homeostasis and embryogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7162. [PMID: 36418331 PMCID: PMC9684441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and organisms require proper membrane composition to function and develop. Phospholipids are the major component of membranes and are primarily acquired through the diet. Given great variability in diet composition, cells must be able to deploy mechanisms that correct deviations from optimal membrane composition and properties. Here, using lipidomics and unbiased proteomics, we found that the embryonic lethality in mice lacking the fluidity regulators Adiponectin Receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1/2) is associated with aberrant high saturation of the membrane phospholipids. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from AdipoR1/2-KO embryos, human cell lines and the model organism C. elegans we found that, mechanistically, AdipoR1/2-derived sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signals in parallel through S1PR3-SREBP1 and PPARγ to sustain the expression of the fatty acid desaturase SCD and maintain membrane properties. Thus, our work identifies an evolutionary conserved pathway by which cells and organisms achieve membrane homeostasis and adapt to a variable environment.
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13
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Raza Y, Atallah J, Luberto C. Advancements on the Multifaceted Roles of Sphingolipids in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12745. [PMID: 36361536 PMCID: PMC9654982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism plays a complex role in hematological malignancies, beginning with the first historical link between sphingolipids and apoptosis discovered in HL-60 leukemic cells. Numerous manuscripts have reviewed the field including the early discoveries that jumpstarted the studies. Many studies discussed here support a role for sphingolipids, such as ceramide, in combinatorial therapeutic regimens to enhance anti-leukemic effects and reduce resistance to standard therapies. Additionally, inhibitors of specific nodes of the sphingolipid pathway, such as sphingosine kinase inhibitors, significantly reduce leukemic cell survival in various types of leukemias. Acid ceramidase inhibitors have also shown promising results in acute myeloid leukemia. As the field moves rapidly, here we aim to expand the body of literature discussed in previously published reviews by focusing on advances reported in the latter part of the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasharah Raza
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jane Atallah
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Chiara Luberto
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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14
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Liebmann M, Grupe K, Asuaje Pfeifer M, Rustenbeck I, Scherneck S. Differences in lipid metabolism in acquired versus preexisting glucose intolerance during gestation: role of free fatty acids and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:99. [PMID: 36209101 PMCID: PMC9547403 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. There is increasing evidence that GDM is a heterogeneous disease with different subtypes. An important question in this context is whether impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), which is a typical feature of the disease, may already be present before pregnancy and manifestation of the disease. The latter type resembles in its clinical manifestation prediabetes that has not yet manifested as type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Altered lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in the disorder's pathophysiology. The aim was to investigate the role of lipids which are relevant in diabetes-like phenotypes in these both models with different time of initial onset of IGT. METHODS Two rodent models reflecting different characteristics of human GDM were used to characterize changes in lipid metabolism occurring during gestation. Since the New Zealand obese (NZO)-mice already exhibit IGT before and during gestation, they served as a subtype model for GDM with preexisting IGT (preIGT) and were compared with C57BL/6 N mice with transient IGT acquired during gestation (aqIGT). While the latter model does not develop manifest diabetes even under metabolic stress conditions, the NZO mouse is prone to severe disease progression later in life. Metabolically healthy Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice served as controls. RESULTS In contrast to the aqIGT model, preIGT mice showed hyperlipidemia during gestation with elevated free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), and increased atherogenic index. Interestingly, sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations in the liver decreased during gestation concomitantly with an increase in the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) concentration in plasma. Further, preIGT mice showed impaired hepatic weight adjustment and alterations in hepatic FFA metabolism during gestation. This was accompanied by decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and lack of translocation of fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) to the hepatocellular plasma membrane. CONCLUSION The preIGT model showed impaired lipid metabolism both in plasma and liver, as well as features of insulin resistance consistent with increased S1P concentrations, and in these characteristics, the preIGT model differs from the common GDM subtype with aqIGT. Thus, concomitantly elevated plasma FFA and S1P concentrations, in addition to general shifts in sphingolipid fractions, could be an interesting signal that the metabolic disorder existed before gestation and that future pregnancies require more intensive monitoring to avoid complications. This graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com .
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Liebmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupe
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melissa Asuaje Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Rustenbeck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Scherneck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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15
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Zhang N, Peng Y, Zhao L, He P, Zhu J, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu X, Deng G, Zhang Z, Feng M. Integrated Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Lipid Metabolism in Mice Infected with Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100892. [PMID: 36295794 PMCID: PMC9609999 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The disturbance in gut microbiota composition and metabolism has been implicated in the process of pathogenic bacteria infection. However, the characteristics of the microbiota and the metabolic interaction of commensals−host during pathogen invasion remain more than vague. In this study, the potential associations of gut microbes with disturbed lipid metabolism in mice upon carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRE) infection were explored by the biochemical and multi-omics approaches including metagenomics, metabolomics and lipidomics, and then the key metabolites−reaction−enzyme−gene interaction network was constructed. Results showed that intestinal Erysipelotrichaceae family was strongly associated with the hepatic total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, as well as a few sera and fecal metabolites involved in lipid metabolism such as 24, 25-dihydrolanosterol. A high-coverage lipidomic analysis further demonstrated that a total of 529 lipid molecules was significantly enriched and 520 were depleted in the liver of mice infected with CRE. Among them, 35 lipid species showed high correlations (|r| > 0.8 and p < 0.05) with the Erysipelotrichaceae family, including phosphatidylglycerol (42:2), phosphatidylglycerol (42:3), phosphatidylglycerol (38:5), phosphatidylcholine (42:4), ceramide (d17:1/16:0), ceramide (d18:1/16:0) and diacylglycerol (20:2), with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9. In conclusion, the systematic multi-omics study improved the understanding of the complicated connection between the microbiota and the host during pathogen invasion, which thereby is expected to lead to the future discovery and establishment of novel control strategies for CRE infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Linjing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-6779-1214
| | - Peng He
- Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutic, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xijian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guoying Deng
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Nursing Department, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutic, Shanghai 201203, China
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16
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Keul P, Peters S, von Wnuck Lipinski K, Schröder NH, Nowak MK, Duse DA, Polzin A, Weske S, Gräler MH, Levkau B. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) Lyase Inhibition Aggravates Atherosclerosis and Induces Plaque Rupture in ApoE−/− Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179606. [PMID: 36077004 PMCID: PMC9455951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) concentrations are associated with clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. However, whether long-term elevation of endogenous S1P is pro- or anti-atherogenic remains unclear. Here, we addressed the impact of permanently high S1P levels on atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice over 12 weeks. This was achieved by pharmacological inhibition of the S1P-degrading enzyme S1P lyase with 4-deoxypyridoxine (DOP). DOP treatment dramatically accelerated atherosclerosis development, propagated predominantly unstable plaque phenotypes, and resulted in frequent plaque rupture with atherothrombosis. Macrophages from S1P lyase-inhibited or genetically deficient mice had a defect in cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I that was accompanied by profoundly downregulated cholesterol transporters ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. This was dependent on S1P signaling through S1PR3 and resulted in dramatically enhanced atherosclerosis in ApoE−/−/S1PR3−/− mice, where DOP treatment had no additional effect. Thus, high endogenous S1P levels promote atherosclerosis, compromise cholesterol efflux, and cause genuine plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Keul
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susann Peters
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin von Wnuck Lipinski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nathalie H. Schröder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melissa K. Nowak
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dragos A. Duse
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Weske
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus H. Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Sepsis Control and Care and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-88-12611
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17
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Zhu H, Duan Y, Qin K, Jin J, Liu X, Cai B. A UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-Based Metabolomics Approach to Screen out Active Components in Prepared Rhubarb for Its Activity on Noxious Heat Blood Stasis Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907831. [PMID: 35928255 PMCID: PMC9343851 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prepared rhubarb was obtained by steaming raw rhubarb with wine. Different from raw rhubarb with a purgative effect, prepared rhubarb shows effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However, the mechanisms of its action through regulating endogenous metabolites remain unclear. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore active chemical components in prepared rhubarb for its activity on noxious heat blood stasis syndrome (NHBS) by comprehensive metabolomics profiling. Study design: Plant extracts usually show their activities in a synergistic way; therefore, integrated omics was developed as a rational way for a better understanding of their biological effects and potential active compounds. Methods: The activities of prepared rhubarb were evaluated by biochemical and metabolomic analysis; meanwhile, serum chemical profiles were sought using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Gray correlation analysis (GCA) was used for calculating the underlying correlations between them. Results: The metabolomics profiles of rat plasma from model and control groups were significantly different, with 31 endogenous metabolites changed by NHBS. Then, after the administration of prepared rhubarb, 18 of them were regulated. Multiple metabolic pathways were disturbed after NHBS modeling and restored by prepared rhubarb, among which had a greater impact on sphingolipid metabolism. A total of 28 compounds from prepared rhubarb absorbed into the plasma were identified, including nine prototypes and 19 metabolites. Statistical results suggested that rhein and its metabolites accounted for half of the top 10 active compounds in prepared rhubarb for its biomedical activities. Conclusion: This study presented evidence for the therapeutic effects and active chemicals of prepared rhubarb on NHBS in the way of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kunming Qin
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haiyuan Prepared Slices of Chinese Crude Drugs Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Jin
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haiyuan Prepared Slices of Chinese Crude Drugs Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Liu,
| | - Baochang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Haiyuan Prepared Slices of Chinese Crude Drugs Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
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18
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Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Lung Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9099612. [PMID: 35799611 PMCID: PMC9256431 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9099612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are important bioactive lipids that not only play an important role in maintaining the barrier function and fluidity of cell membranes but also regulate multiple processes in cancer development by controlling multiple signaling pathways in the signal transduction network. Dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism is thought to be one of the most important dysregulated pathways in lung cancer, the most prevalent type of cancer in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. This article focuses on lung cancer, reviewing the important lipids in sphingolipid metabolism and the related enzymes in relation to lung cancer progression and their effects on the tumor microenvironment and discussing their roles in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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19
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Petrusca DN, Lee KP, Galson DL. Role of Sphingolipids in Multiple Myeloma Progression, Drug Resistance, and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925807. [PMID: 35756630 PMCID: PMC9213658 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incapacitating hematological malignancy characterized by accumulation of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and production of an abnormal monoclonal protein (M-protein). The BM microenvironment has a key role in myeloma development by facilitating the growth of the aberrant plasma cells, which eventually interfere with the homeostasis of the bone cells, exacerbating osteolysis and inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. Recent recognition that metabolic reprograming has a major role in tumor growth and adaptation to specific changes in the microenvironmental niche have led to consideration of the role of sphingolipids and the enzymes that control their biosynthesis and degradation as critical mediators of cancer since these bioactive lipids have been directly linked to the control of cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis, among other cellular functions. In this review, we present the recent progress of the research investigating the biological implications of sphingolipid metabolism alterations in the regulation of myeloma development and its progression from the pre-malignant stage and discuss the roles of sphingolipids in in MM migration and adhesion, survival and proliferation, as well as angiogenesis and invasion. We introduce the current knowledge regarding the role of sphingolipids as mediators of the immune response and drug-resistance in MM and tackle the new developments suggesting the manipulation of the sphingolipid network as a novel therapeutic direction for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N Petrusca
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, HCC Research Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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20
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Duan M, Gao P, Chen SX, Novák P, Yin K, Zhu X. Sphingosine-1-phosphate in mitochondrial function and metabolic diseases. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13426. [PMID: 35122459 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite. The past decade has witnessed exponential growth in the field of S1P research, partly attributed to drugs targeting its receptors or kinases. Accumulating evidence indicates that changes in the S1P axis (i.e., S1P production, transport, and receptors) may modify metabolism and eventually mediate metabolic diseases. Dysfunction of the mitochondria on a master monitor of cellular metabolism is considered the leading cause of metabolic diseases, with aberrations typically induced by abnormal biogenesis, respiratory chain complex disorders, reactive oxygen species overproduction, calcium deposition, and mitophagy impairment. Accordingly, we discuss decades of investigation into changes in the S1P axis and how it controls mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we summarize recent scientific advances in disorders associated with the S1P axis and their involvement in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in humans, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, from the perspective of mitochondrial function. Finally, we review potential challenges and prospects for S1P axis application to the regulation of mitochondrial function and metabolic diseases; these data may provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Duan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Petr Novák
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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21
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Janneh AH, Ogretmen B. Targeting Sphingolipid Metabolism as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2183. [PMID: 35565311 PMCID: PMC9104917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules that have key roles in regulating tumor cell death and survival through, in part, the functional roles of ceramide accumulation and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production, respectively. Mechanistic studies using cell lines, mouse models, or human tumors have revealed crucial roles of sphingolipid metabolic signaling in regulating tumor progression in response to anticancer therapy. Specifically, studies to understand ceramide and S1P production pathways with their downstream targets have provided novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In this review, we present recent evidence of the critical roles of sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes in regulating tumor progression via mechanisms involving cell death or survival. The roles of S1P in enabling tumor growth/metastasis and conferring cancer resistance to existing therapeutics are also highlighted. Additionally, using the publicly available transcriptomic database, we assess the prognostic values of key sphingolipid enzymes on the overall survival of patients with different malignancies and present studies that highlight their clinical implications for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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22
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Qiu Y, Shen J, Jiang W, Yang Y, Liu X, Zeng Y. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and its regulatory role in vascular endothelial cells. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:213-225. [PMID: 35118637 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive metabolite of sphingomyelin. S1P activates a series of signaling cascades by acting on its receptors S1PR1-3 on endothelial cells (ECs), which plays an important role in endothelial barrier maintenance, anti-inflammation, antioxidant and angiogenesis, and thus is considered as a potential therapeutic biomarker for ischemic stroke, sepsis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cancers, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We presently review the levels of S1P in those vascular and vascular-related diseases. Plasma S1P levels were reduced in various inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and sepsis, but were increased in other diseases including type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular damages such as acute ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, angina, heart failure, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, community-acquired pneumonia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Then, we highlighted the molecular mechanism by which S1P regulated EC biology including vascular development and angiogenesis, inflammation, permeability, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), which might provide new ways for exploring the pathogenesis and implementing individualized therapy strategies for those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Orthopeadics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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23
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Khan SA, Goliwas KF, Deshane JS. Sphingolipids in Lung Pathology in the Coronavirus Disease Era: A Review of Sphingolipid Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Lung Damage. Front Physiol 2021; 12:760638. [PMID: 34690821 PMCID: PMC8531546 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.760638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and the inflammatory response. The SphK/S1P/S1PR pathway (S1P pathway) is a driver of many anti-apoptotic and proliferative processes. Pro-survival sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) initiates its signaling cascade by interacting with various sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PR) through which it is able to exert its pro-survival or inflammatory effects. Whereas sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingosines are pro-apoptotic. The pro-apoptotic lipid, ceramide, can be produced de novo by ceramide synthases and converted to sphingosine by way of ceramidases. The balance of these antagonistic lipids and how this balance manifests is the essence of the sphingolipid rheostat. Recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 have implicated the S1P pathway in the pathogenesis of novel coronavirus disease COVID-19-related lung damage. Accumulating evidence indicates that an aberrant inflammatory process, known as "cytokine storm" causes lung injury in COVID-19, and studies have shown that the S1P pathway is involved in signaling this hyperinflammatory response. Beyond the influence of this pathway on cytokine storm, over the last decade the S1P pathway has been investigated for its role in a wide array of lung pathologies, including pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and lung cancer. Various studies have used S1P pathway modulators in models of lung disease; many of these efforts have yielded results that point to the potential efficacy of targeting this pathway for future treatment options. Additionally, they have emphasized S1P pathway's significant role in inflammation, fibrosis, and a number of other endothelial and epithelial changes that contribute to lung damage. This review summarizes the S1P pathway's involvement in COVID-19 and chronic lung diseases and discusses the potential for targeting S1P pathway as a therapeutic option for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessy S. Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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24
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Cui M, Göbel V, Zhang H. Uncovering the 'sphinx' of sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling: from cellular events to organ morphogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:251-272. [PMID: 34585505 PMCID: PMC9292677 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, functioning as a signalling molecule in diverse cellular processes. Over the past few decades, studies of S1P signalling have revealed that the physiological activity of S1P largely depends on S1P metabolizing enzymes, transporters and receptors on the plasma membrane, as well as on the intracellular proteins that S1P binds directly to. In addition to its roles in cancer signalling, immunity and inflammation, a large body of evidence has identified a close link of S1P signalling with organ morphogenesis. Here we discuss the vital role of S1P signalling in orchestrating various cellular events during organ morphogenesis through analysing each component along the extracellular and intracellular S1P signalling axes. For each component, we review advances in our understanding of S1P signalling and function from the upstream regulators to the downstream effectors and from cellular behaviours to tissue organization, primarily in the context of morphogenetic mechanisms. S1P-mediated vesicular trafficking is also discussed as a function independent of its signalling function. A picture emerges that reveals a multifaceted role of S1P-dependent pathways in the development and maintenance of organ structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Cui
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Verena Göbel
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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25
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Song H, McEwen HP, Duncan T, Lee JY, Teo JD, Don AS. Sphingosine kinase 2 is essential for remyelination following cuprizone intoxication. Glia 2021; 69:2863-2881. [PMID: 34399014 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutics that promote oligodendrocyte survival and remyelination are needed to restore neurological function in demyelinating diseases. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an essential lipid metabolite that signals through five G-protein coupled receptors. S1P receptor agonists such as Fingolimod are valuable immunosuppressants used to treat multiple sclerosis, and promote oligodendrocyte survival. However, the role for endogenous S1P, synthesized by the enzyme sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2), in oligodendrocyte survival and myelination has not been established. This study investigated the requirement for SphK2 in oligodendrocyte survival and remyelination using the cuprizone mouse model of acute demyelination, followed by spontaneous remyelination. Oligodendrocyte density did not differ between untreated wild-type (WT) and SphK2 knockout (SphK2-/- ) mice. However, cuprizone treatment caused significantly greater loss of mature oligodendrocytes in SphK2-/- compared to WT mice. Following cuprizone withdrawal, spontaneous remyelination occurred in WT but not SphK2-/- mice, even though progenitor and mature oligodendrocyte density increased in both genotypes. Levels of cytotoxic sphingosine and ceramide were higher in the corpus callosum of SphK2-/- mice, and in contrast to WT mice, did not decline following cuprizone withdrawal in SphK2-/- mice. We also observed a significant reduction in myelin thickness with aging in SphK2-/- compared to WT mice. These results provide the first evidence that SphK2, the dominant enzyme catalyzing S1P synthesis in the adult brain, is essential for remyelination following a demyelinating insult and myelin maintenance with aging. We propose that persistently high levels of sphingosine and ceramide, a direct consequence of SphK2 deficiency, may block remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitong Song
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly P McEwen
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Duncan
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jun Yup Lee
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Teo
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Chahar KR, Kumar V, Sharma PK, Brünnert D, Kaushik V, Gehlot P, Shekhawat I, Kumar S, Sharma AK, Kumari S, Goyal P. Sphingosine kinases negatively regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteases ( MMP1 and MMP3) and their inhibitor TIMP3 genes via sphingosine 1-phosphate in extravillous trophoblasts. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:267-276. [PMID: 34262394 PMCID: PMC8254167 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracellular matrix remodeling is essential for extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell migration and invasion during placental development and regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). Sphingosine kinases (SPHK1 and SPHK2) synthesize sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which works either intracellularly or extracellularly via its receptors S1PR1-5 in an autocrine or paracrine manner. The role of SPHKs/S1P in regulating the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in EVT is mostly unknown and forms the primary objective of the study. METHODS HTR-8/SVneo cells were used as a model of EVT. To inhibit the expression of SPHKs, cells were treated with specific inhibitors, SK1-I and SKI-II, or gene-specific siRNAs. The expressions of MMPs and TIMPs were estimated by qPCR. RESULTS We demonstrated that SPHK1, MMP1-3, and TIMP1-3 were highly expressed in HTR-8/SVneo cells. We found that treatment of cells with SK1-I, SKI-II, and knockdown of SPHK1 or SPHK2 increased the expression of MMP1, MMP3, and TIMP3. The addition of extracellular S1P inhibits the upregulation of MMPs and TIMPs in treated cells. CONCLUSIONS SPHKs negatively regulate the expression of MMP1, MMP3, and TIMP3. The level of intracellular S1P acts as a negative feedback switch for MMP1, MMP3, and TIMP3 expression in EVT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti R. Chahar
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesCentral University of RajasthanAjmerIndia
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesCentral University of RajasthanAjmerIndia
| | - Phulwanti K. Sharma
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesCentral University of RajasthanAjmerIndia
| | - Daniela Brünnert
- Comprehensive Cancer Center MainfrankenTranslational OncologyUniversity Hospital of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Vibha Kaushik
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesCentral University of RajasthanAjmerIndia
| | - Pragya Gehlot
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesCentral University of RajasthanAjmerIndia
| | - Indu Shekhawat
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesCentral University of RajasthanAjmerIndia
| | - Suman Kumar
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesCentral University of RajasthanAjmerIndia
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyJ. L. N. Medical CollegeAjmerIndia
| | - Sandhya Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyJ. L. N. Medical CollegeAjmerIndia
| | - Pankaj Goyal
- Department of BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesCentral University of RajasthanAjmerIndia
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27
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Giussani P, Prinetti A, Tringali C. The Role of Sphingolipids in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126492. [PMID: 34204326 PMCID: PMC8234743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is now considered an innovative and strong strategy to beat metastatic, drug-resistant, or relapsing tumours. It is based on the manipulation of several mechanisms involved in the complex interplay between cancer cells and immune system that culminates in a form of immune-tolerance of tumour cells, favouring their expansion. Current immunotherapies are devoted enforcing the immune response against cancer cells and are represented by approaches employing vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, interleukins, checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. Despite the undoubted potency of these treatments in some malignancies, many issues are being investigated to amplify the potential of application and to avoid side effects. In this review, we discuss how sphingolipids are involved in interactions between cancer cells and the immune system and how knowledge in this topic could be employed to enhance the efficacy of different immunotherapy approaches. In particular, we explore the following aspects: how sphingolipids are pivotal components of plasma membranes and could modulate the functionality of surface receptors expressed also by immune cells and thus their functionality; how sphingolipids are related to the release of bioactive mediators, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and ceramide that could significantly affect lymphocyte egress and migration toward the tumour milieu, in addition regulating key pathways needed to activate immune cells; given the renowned capability of altering sphingolipid expression and metabolism shown by cancer cells, how it is possible to employ sphingolipids as antigen targets.
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28
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Saunders AM, Burns DK, Gottschalk WK. Reassessment of Pioglitazone for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:666958. [PMID: 34220427 PMCID: PMC8243371 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.666958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a quintessential 'unmet medical need', accounting for ∼65% of progressive cognitive impairment among the elderly, and 700,000 deaths in the United States in 2020. In 2019, the cost of caring for Alzheimer's sufferers was $244B, not including the emotional and physical toll on caregivers. In spite of this dismal reality, no treatments are available that reduce the risk of developing AD or that offer prolonged mitiagation of its most devestating symptoms. This review summarizes key aspects of the biology and genetics of Alzheimer's disease, and we describe how pioglitazone improves many of the patholophysiological determinants of AD. We also summarize the results of pre-clinical experiments, longitudinal observational studies, and clinical trials. The results of animal testing suggest that pioglitazone can be corrective as well as protective, and that its efficacy is enhanced in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but the dose-effect relations are not monotonic or sigmoid. Longitudinal cohort studies suggests that it delays the onset of dementia in individuals with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus, which small scale, unblinded pilot studies seem to confirm. However, the results of placebo-controlled, blinded clinical trials have not borne this out, and we discuss possible explanations for these discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Saunders
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Daniel K. Burns
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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29
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Revealing the Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073352. [PMID: 33805921 PMCID: PMC8037642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignancy with multifactorial etiology, which includes metabolic alterations as contributors to disease development. Studies have shown that lipid status disorders are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. In line with this, previous studies have also suggested that the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level decreases in patients with CRC, but more recently, the focus of investigations has shifted toward the exploration of qualitative properties of HDL in this malignancy. Herein, a comprehensive overview of available evidences regarding the putative role of HDL in CRC will be presented. We will analyze existing findings regarding alterations of HDL-C levels but also HDL particle structure and distribution in CRC. In addition, changes in HDL functionality in this malignancy will be discussed. Moreover, we will focus on the genetic regulation of HDL metabolism, as well as the involvement of HDL in disturbances of cholesterol trafficking in CRC. Finally, possible therapeutic implications related to HDL will be presented. Given the available evidence, future studies are needed to resolve all raised issues concerning the suggested protective role of HDL in CRC, its presumed function as a biomarker, and eventual therapeutic approaches based on HDL.
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30
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Ding T, Zhi Y, Xie W, Yao Q, Liu B. Rational design of SphK inhibitors using crystal structures aided by computer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113164. [PMID: 33454547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinases (SphKs) are lipid kinases that catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine (Sph) to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). As a bioactive lipid, S1P plays a role outside and inside the cell to regulate biological processes. The overexpression of SphKs is related to a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Targeting the S1P signaling pathway is a potential treatment strategy for many diseases. SphKs are key kinases of the S1P signaling pathway. The SphK family includes two isoforms: SphK1 and SphK2. Determination of the co-crystal structure of SphK1 with various inhibitors has laid a solid foundation for the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting SphKs. This paper reviews the differences and connections between the two isoforms and the structure of SphK1 crystals, especially the structure of its Sph "J-shaped" channel binding site. This review also summarizes the recent development of SphK1 and SphK2 selective inhibitors and the exploration of the unresolved SphK2 structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Ding
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ying Zhi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Weilin Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China.
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31
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Ren R, Pang B, Han Y, Li Y. A Glimpse of the Structural Biology of the Metabolism of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:2515256421995601. [PMID: 37366379 PMCID: PMC10243590 DOI: 10.1177/2515256421995601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a key sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays crucial roles in vascular and immune systems. It regulates angiogenesis, vascular integrity and homeostasis, allergic responses, and lymphocyte trafficking. S1P is interconverted with sphingosine, which is also derived from the deacylation of ceramide. S1P levels and the ratio to ceramide in cells are tightly regulated by its metabolic pathways. Abnormal S1P production causes the occurrence and progression of numerous severe diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cancers, autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and kidney and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, huge advances on the structure of S1P metabolic pathways have been accomplished. In this review, we have got a glimpse of S1P metabolism through structural and biochemical studies of: sphingosine kinases, S1P transporters and S1P receptors, and the development of therapeutics targeting S1P signaling. The progress we summarize here could provide fresh perspectives to further the exploration of S1P functions and facilitate the development of therapeutic molecules targeting S1P signaling with improved specificity and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Ren
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Pang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufei Han
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihao Li
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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32
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Adams DR, Pyne S, Pyne NJ. Structure-function analysis of lipid substrates and inhibitors of sphingosine kinases. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109806. [PMID: 33035646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine kinases, SK1 and SK2, catalyse the formation of the bioactive signalling lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), from sphingosine. SK1 and SK2 differ in their subcellular localisation, trafficking and regulation, but the isoforms are also distinct in their selectivity toward naturally occurring and synthetic ligands as substrates and inhibitors. To date, only the structure of SK1 has been determined, and a structural basis for selectivity differences in substrate handling by SK2 has yet to be established. Here we present a structural rationale, based on homology modelling and ligand docking, to account for the capacity of SK2, but not SK1, to efficiently process the pharmacologically active substances, fingolimod (FTY720) and safingol, as substrates. We propose that two key residue differences in hSK2 (Ser305/Thr584 in place of Ala175/Ala339 in hSK1) facilitate conformational switching in the lipid head group anchor residue, Asp308 (corresponding to Asp178 in hSK1), to accommodate substrate diversity for SK2. Our analysis accounts for the contrasting behaviour of fingolimod and safingol as non-turnover inhibitors of SK1, but substrates for SK2, and the observed stereoselectivity for phosphorylation of the pro-S hydroxymethyl group of fingolimod to generate (S)-FTY720-P in vivo. We also rationalise why methylation of the pro-R hydroxymethyl of FTY720 switches the behaviour of the resulting compound, (R)-FTY720 methyl ether (ROMe), to SK2-selective inhibition. Whilst the pharmacological significance of (S)-FTY720-P is firmly established, as the active principle of fingolimod in treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, the potential importance of SK-mediated phosphorylation of other substrates, such as safingol and non-canonical naturally occuring substrates such as (4E,nZ)-sphingadienes, is less widely appreciated. Thus, the contribution of SK2-derived safingol 1-phosphate to the anti-cancer activity of safingol should be considered. Similarly, the biological role of sphingadiene 1-phosphates derived from plant-based dietary sphingadienes, which we also show here are substrates for both SK1 and SK2, merits investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Adams
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK.
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33
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Pyne NJ, Pyne S. Recent advances in the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in cancer. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3583-3601. [PMID: 32969034 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that binds to a family of G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-5 ) and intracellular targets, such as HDAC1/2, that are functional in normal and pathophysiologic cell biology. There is a significant role for sphingosine 1-phosphate in cancer underpinning the so-called hallmarks, such as transformation and replicative immortality. In this review, we survey the most recent developments concerning the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, sphingosine kinase and S1P lyase in cancer and the prognostic indications of these receptors and enzymes in terms of disease-specific survival and recurrence. We also provide evidence for identification of new therapeutic approaches targeting sphingosine 1-phosphate to prevent neovascularisation, to revert aggressive and drug-resistant cancers to more amenable forms sensitive to chemotherapy, and to induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Finally, we briefly describe current advances in the development of isoform-specific inhibitors of sphingosine kinases for potential use in the treatment of various cancers, where these enzymes have a predominant role. This review will therefore highlight sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling as a promising translational target for precision medicine in stratified cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Szlasa W, Zendran I, Zalesińska A, Tarek M, Kulbacka J. Lipid composition of the cancer cell membrane. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:321-342. [PMID: 32715369 PMCID: PMC7520422 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell possesses numerous adaptations to resist the immune system response and chemotherapy. One of the most significant properties of the neoplastic cells is the altered lipid metabolism, and consequently, the abnormal cell membrane composition. Like in the case of phosphatidylcholine, these changes result in the modulation of certain enzymes and accumulation of energetic material, which could be used for a higher proliferation rate. The changes are so prominent, that some lipids, such as phosphatidylserines, could even be considered as the cancer biomarkers. Additionally, some changes of biophysical properties of cell membranes lead to the higher resistance to chemotherapy, and finally to the disturbances in signalling pathways. Namely, the increased levels of certain lipids, like for instance phosphatidylserine, lead to the attenuation of the immune system response. Also, changes in lipid saturation prevent the cells from demanding conditions of the microenvironment. Particularly interesting is the significance of cell membrane cholesterol content in the modulation of metastasis. This review paper discusses the roles of each lipid type in cancer physiology. The review combined theoretical data with clinical studies to show novel therapeutic options concerning the modulation of cell membranes in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iga Zendran
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
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Pro-Survival Lipid Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Metabolically Programs T Cells to Limit Anti-tumor Activity. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1879-1893.e7. [PMID: 31412253 PMCID: PMC6889821 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lysophospholipid generated by sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), regulates lymphocyte egress into circulation via S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) signaling, and it controls the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper-17 cells. However, the mechanisms by which receptor-independent SphK1-mediated intracellular S1P levels modulate T cell functionality remains unknown. We show here that SphK1-deficient T cells maintain central memory phenotype and exhibit higher mitochondrial respiration and reduced differentiation to Tregs. Mechanistically, we discovered a direct correlation between SphK1-generated S1P and lipid transcription factor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) activity, which in turn regulates lipolysis in T cells. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of SphK1 improved metabolic fitness and anti-tumor activity of T cells against murine melanoma. Further, inhibition of SphK1 and PD1 together led to improved control of melanoma. Overall, these data highlight the clinical potential of limiting SphK1/S1P signaling for enhancing anti-tumor-adoptive T cell therapy.
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Bottai D, Adami R, Paroni R, Ghidoni R. Brain Cancer-Activated Microglia: A Potential Role for Sphingolipids. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4039-4061. [PMID: 31057101 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190506120213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Almost no neurological disease exists without microglial activation. Microglia has exert a pivotal role in the maintenance of the central nervous system and its response to external and internal insults. Microglia have traditionally been classified as, in the healthy central nervous system, "resting", with branched morphology system and, as a response to disease, "activated", with amoeboid morphology; as a response to diseases but this distinction is now outmoded. The most devastating disease that hits the brain is cancer, in particular glioblastoma. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive glioma with high invasiveness and little chance of being surgically removed. During tumor onset, many brain alterations are present and microglia have a major role because the tumor itself changes microglia from the pro-inflammatory state to the anti-inflammatory and protects the tumor from an immune intervention. What are the determinants of these changes in the behavior of the microglia? In this review, we survey and discuss the role of sphingolipids in microglia activation in the progression of brain tumors, with a particular focus on glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bottai
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Adami
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,Aldo Ravelli Research Center, Milan, Italy
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The S1P-S1PR Axis in Neurological Disorders-Insights into Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061515. [PMID: 32580348 PMCID: PMC7349054 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), derived from membrane sphingolipids, is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid mediator capable of evoking complex immune phenomena. Studies have highlighted its importance regarding intracellular signaling cascades as well as membrane-bound S1P receptor (S1PR) engagement in various clinical conditions. In neurological disorders, the S1P–S1PR axis is acknowledged in neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and cerebrovascular disorders. Modulators of S1P signaling have enabled an immense insight into fundamental pathological pathways, which were pivotal in identifying and improving the treatment of human diseases. However, its intricate molecular signaling pathways initiated upon receptor ligation are still poorly elucidated. In this review, the authors highlight the current evidence for S1P signaling in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders as well as stroke and present an array of drugs targeting the S1P signaling pathway, which are being tested in clinical trials. Further insights on how the S1P–S1PR axis orchestrates disease initiation, progression, and recovery may hold a remarkable potential regarding therapeutic options in these neurological disorders.
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Grbčić P, Sedić M. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling and Metabolism in Chemoprevention and Chemoresistance in Colon Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E2436. [PMID: 32456134 PMCID: PMC7287727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in prevention and treatment modalities for CRC, rapidly developing resistance to chemotherapy limits its effectiveness. For that reason, it is important to better understand the mechanisms that undergird the process of chemoresistance to enable design of novel anticancer agents specifically targeting malignant properties of cancer cells. Over recent decades, bioactive sphingolipid species have come under the spotlight for their recognized role in cancer development and progression, and the evidence has surfaced to support their role as regulators of anti-cancer drug resistance. Colon cancer is characterized by a shift in sphingolipid balance that favors the production and accumulation of oncogenic species such as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is known to govern the processes that facilitate cancer cell growth and progression including proliferation, survival, migration, invasion and inflammation. In this review paper, we will give a comprehensive overview of current literature findings on the molecular mechanisms by which S1P turnover, transport and signaling via receptor-dependent and independent pathways shape colon cancer cell behavior and influence treatment outcome in colon cancer. Combining available modulators of S1P metabolism and signaling with standard chemotherapy drugs could provide a rational approach to achieve enhanced therapeutic response, diminish chemoresistance development and improve the survival outcome in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirela Sedić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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Meyer Zu Reckendorf S, Brand C, Pedro MT, Hegler J, Schilling CS, Lerner R, Bindila L, Antoniadis G, Knöll B. Lipid metabolism adaptations are reduced in human compared to murine Schwann cells following injury. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2123. [PMID: 32358558 PMCID: PMC7195462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals differ in their regeneration potential after traumatic injury, which might be caused by species-specific regeneration programs. Here, we compared murine and human Schwann cell (SC) response to injury and developed an ex vivo injury model employing surgery-derived human sural nerves. Transcriptomic and lipid metabolism analysis of murine SCs following injury of sural nerves revealed down-regulation of lipogenic genes and regulator of lipid metabolism, including Pparg (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate). Human SCs failed to induce similar adaptations following ex vivo nerve injury. Pharmacological PPARg and S1P stimulation in mice resulted in up-regulation of lipid gene expression, suggesting a role in SCs switching towards a myelinating state. Altogether, our results suggest that murine SC switching towards a repair state is accompanied by transcriptome and lipidome adaptations, which are reduced in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Brand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Bogenhausen, 81925, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria T Pedro
- Peripheral Nerve Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, District Hospital, 89312, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Hegler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Raissa Lerner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Bindila
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregor Antoniadis
- Peripheral Nerve Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, District Hospital, 89312, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Knöll
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Schneider G. S1P Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:129-153. [PMID: 32030688 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), together with other phosphosphingolipids, has been found to regulate complex cellular function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) where it acts as a signaling molecule that participates in cell-cell communication. S1P, through intracellular and extracellular signaling, was found to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis; it also regulates anticancer immune response, modulates inflammation, and promotes angiogenesis. Interestingly, cancer cells are capable of releasing S1P and thus modifying the behavior of the TME components in a way that contributes to tumor growth and progression. Therefore, S1P is considered an important therapeutic target, and several anticancer therapies targeting S1P signaling are being developed and tested in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Schneider
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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41
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El Jamal A, Bougault C, Mebarek S, Magne D, Cuvillier O, Brizuela L. The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism in bone and joint pathologies and ectopic calcification. Bone 2020; 130:115087. [PMID: 31648078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids display important functions in various pathologies such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. Sphingosine, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and ceramide are the central molecules of sphingolipid metabolism. Sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SK1 and SK2) catalyze the conversion of the sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine into S1P. The balance between the levels of S1P and its metabolic precursors ceramide and sphingosine has been considered as a switch that could determine whether a cell proliferates or dies. This balance, also called « sphingolipid rheostat », is mainly under the control of SKs. Several studies have recently pointed out the contribution of SK/S1P metabolic pathway in skeletal development, mineralization and bone homeostasis. Indeed, SK/S1P metabolism participates in different diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, cancer-derived bone metastasis or calcification disorders as vascular calcification. In this review, we will summarize the most important data regarding the implication of SK/S1P axis in bone and joint diseases and ectopic calcification, and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting SK/S1P metabolism for the treatment of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaeddine El Jamal
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Bougault
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - David Magne
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS UMR 5089, F-31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Leyre Brizuela
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France.
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42
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Tea MN, Poonnoose SI, Pitson SM. Targeting the Sphingolipid System as a Therapeutic Direction for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010111. [PMID: 31906280 PMCID: PMC7017054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant brain tumor in adults. The prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor and largely unchanged over the last 30 years, due to the limitations of existing therapies. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are desperately required. Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the brain, forming the structural components of cell membranes, and are major lipid constituents of the myelin sheaths of nerve axons, as well as playing critical roles in cell signaling. Indeed, a number of sphingolipids elicit a variety of cellular responses involved in the development and progression of GBM. Here, we discuss the role of sphingolipids in the pathobiology of GBM, and how targeting sphingolipid metabolism has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda N. Tea
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Santosh I. Poonnoose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Stuart M. Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8302-7832; Fax: +61-8-8302-9246
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Abstract
There is substantial evidence that the enzymes, sphingosine kinase 1 and 2, which catalyse the formation of the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate, are involved in pathophysiological processes. In this chapter, we appraise the evidence that both enzymes are druggable and describe how isoform-specific inhibitors can be developed based on the plasticity of the sphingosine-binding site. This is contextualised with the effect of sphingosine kinase inhibitors in cancer, pulmonary hypertension, neurodegeneration, inflammation and sickling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - David R Adams
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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44
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S1P/S1P Receptor Signaling in Neuromuscolar Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246364. [PMID: 31861214 PMCID: PMC6941007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and the signaling pathways triggered by its binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors play a critical regulatory role in many pathophysiological processes, including skeletal muscle and nervous system degeneration. The signaling transduced by S1P binding appears to be much more complex than previously thought, with important implications for clinical applications and for personalized medicine. In particular, the understanding of S1P/S1P receptor signaling functions in specific compartmentalized locations of the cell is worthy of being better investigated, because in various circumstances it might be crucial for the development or/and the progression of neuromuscular diseases, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, myasthenia gravis, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Diarte-Añazco EMG, Méndez-Lara KA, Pérez A, Alonso N, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Novel Insights into the Role of HDL-Associated Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246273. [PMID: 31842389 PMCID: PMC6940915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are key signaling molecules involved in the regulation of cell physiology. These species are found in tissues and in circulation. Although they only constitute a small fraction in lipid composition of circulating lipoproteins, their concentration in plasma and distribution among plasma lipoproteins appears distorted under adverse cardiometabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), one of their main representatives, is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte homeostasis in different models of experimental cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and represents a main risk factor for heart failure. Notably, plasma concentration of S1P, particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound S1P, may be decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus, and hence, inversely related to cardiac alterations. Despite this, little attention has been given to the circulating levels of either total S1P or HDL-bound S1P as potential biomarkers of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Thus, this review will focus on the potential role of HDL-bound S1P as a circulating biomarker in the diagnosis of main cardiometabolic complications frequently associated with systemic metabolic syndromes with impaired insulin signaling. Given the bioactive nature of these molecules, we also evaluated its potential of HDL-bound S1P-raising strategies for the treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
| | - Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei d’Endocrinologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (K.A.M.-L.); (F.B.-V.); (J.J.)
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Fang Z, Pyne S, Pyne NJ. WITHDRAWN: Ceramide and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in adipose dysfunction. Prog Lipid Res 2019:100991. [PMID: 31442525 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Fang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
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47
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Harper RL, Maiolo S, Ward RJ, Seyfang J, Cockshell MP, Bonder CS, Reynolds PN. BMPR2‐expressing bone marrow‐derived endothelial‐like progenitor cells alleviate pulmonary arterial hypertension in vivo. Respirology 2019; 24:1095-1103. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Harper
- Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide SA Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Suzanne Maiolo
- Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide SA Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Rebekah J. Ward
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South Australia and SA Pathology Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Jemma Seyfang
- Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide SA Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Michaelia P. Cockshell
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South Australia and SA Pathology Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Claudine S. Bonder
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South Australia and SA Pathology Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Paul N. Reynolds
- Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide SA Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
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48
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Ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate in adipose dysfunction. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:145-159. [PMID: 30951736 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The increased adipose tissue mass of obese individuals enhances the risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. During pathological expansion of adipose tissue, multiple molecular controls of lipid storage, adipocyte turn-over and endocrine secretion are perturbed and abnormal lipid metabolism results in a distinct lipid profile. There is a role for ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in inducing adipose dysfunction. For instance, the alteration of ceramide biosynthesis, through the de-regulation of key enzymes, results in aberrant formation of ceramides (e.g. C16:0 and C18:0) which block insulin signaling and promote adipose inflammation. Furthermore, S1P can induce defective adipose tissue phenotypes by promoting chronic inflammation and inhibiting adipogenesis. These abnormal changes are discussed in the context of possible therapeutic approaches to re-establish normal adipose function and to, thereby, increase insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Such novel approaches include blockade of ceramide biosynthesis using inhibitors of sphingomyelinase or dihydroceramide desaturase and by antagonism of S1P receptors, such as S1P2.
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Tran NKS, Kim GT, Lee DY, Kim YJ, Park HJ, Park DK, Park TS. Fermented Cordyceps militaris Extract Ameliorates Hepatosteatosis via Activation of Fatty Acid Oxidation. J Med Food 2019; 22:325-336. [PMID: 30864855 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a progressive disease involving the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. In this study, we investigated the anti-hepatosteatosis effects of fermented Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) in AML-12 hepatocytes. Although the levels of adenosine and cordycepin were reduced in the extracts of CM grown on germinated soybean (GSCE) and fermented CM grown on germinated soybean (GSC) by Pediococcus pentosaceus ON188 (ON188E), the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) genes were upregulated only by GSC-ON188E treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, a lipogenic gene, stearoyl Coenzyme A desaturase 1, was downregulated by ON188E. Formation of intracellular lipid droplets by the addition of oleic acid was reduced by ON188E to levels observed in WY14643-treated cells. When cells were treated with ON188E, sphingosine kinase 2 mainly responsible for hepatic sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) synthesis was upregulated and S1P was elevated. Collectively, the fermented GSC extract activates FAO through elevation of S1P synthesis and has potential as a therapeutic for hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- 1 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- 2 Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- 3 Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- 4 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Park
- 5 Cell Activation Research Institute, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- 1 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam, Korea
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Hasanifard L, Sheervalilou R, Majidinia M, Yousefi B. New insights into the roles and regulation of SphK2 as a therapeutic target in cancer chemoresistance. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8162-8181. [PMID: 30456838 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a complicated process developed by most cancers and accounts for the majority of relapse and metastasis in cancer. The main mechanisms of chemoresistance phenotype include increased expression and/or activated drug efflux pumps, altered DNA repair, altered metabolism of therapeutics as well as impaired apoptotic signaling pathways. Aberrant sphingolipid signaling has also recently received considerable attention in chemoresistance. Sphingolipid metabolites regulate main biological processes such as apoptosis, cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Two sphingosine kinases, SphK1 and SphK2, convert sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate, an antiapoptotic bioactive lipid mediator. Numerous evidence has revealed the involvement of activated SphK1 in tumorigenesis and resistance, however, contradictory results have been found for the role of SphK2 in these functions. In some studies, overexpression of SphK2 suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis. In contrast, some others have shown cell proliferation and tumor promotion effect for SphK2. Our understanding of the role of SphK2 in cancer does not have a sufficient integrity. The main focus of this review will be on the re-evaluation of the role of SphK2 in cell death and chemoresistance in light of our new understanding of molecular targeted therapy. We will also highlight the connections between SphK2 and the DNA damage response. Finally, we will provide our insight into the regulatory mechanisms of SphKs by two main categories, micro and long, noncoding RNAs as the novel players of cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Hasanifard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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