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Adıgüzel E, Ülger TG. A marine-derived antioxidant astaxanthin as a potential neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic agent: A review of its efficacy on neurodegenerative conditions. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176706. [PMID: 38843946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a potent lipid-soluble carotenoid produced by several different freshwater and marine microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. The proven therapeutic effects of astaxanthin against different diseases have made this carotenoid popular in the nutraceutical market and among consumers. Recently, astaxanthin is also receiving attention for its effects in the co-adjuvant treatment or prevention of neurological pathologies. In this systematic review, studies evaluating the efficacy of astaxanthin against different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and spinal cord injury are analyzed. Based on the current literature, astaxanthin shows potential biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, its preventive and therapeutic activities against the above-mentioned diseases have been emphasized in studies with different experimental designs. In contrast, none of the 59 studies reviewed reported any safety concerns or adverse health effects as a result of astaxanthin supplementation. The preventive or therapeutic role of astaxanthin may vary depending on the dosage and route of administration. Although there is a consensus in the literature regarding its effectiveness against the specified diseases, it is important to determine the safe intake levels of synthetic and natural forms and to determine the most effective forms for oral intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Adıgüzel
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 70100, Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Taha Gökmen Ülger
- Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bolu, Turkey
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2
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Tan J, Zhu H, Zeng Y, Li J, Zhao Y, Li M. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds in Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Neuroscience 2024; 546:118-142. [PMID: 38574799 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common and fatal cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity, mortality and very poor prognosis worldwide. SAH can induce a complex series of pathophysiological processes, and the main factors affecting its prognosis are early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). The pathophysiological features of EBI mainly include intense neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction and brain edema, while DCI is characterized by delayed onset ischemic neurological deficits and cerebral vasospasm (CVS). Despite much exploration in people to improve the prognostic outcome of SAH, effective treatment strategies are still lacking. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that natural compounds of plant origin have unique neuro- and vascular protective effects in EBI and DCI after SAH and long-term neurological deficits, which mainly include inhibition of inflammatory response, reduction of oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and improvement of blood-brain barrier and cerebral vasospasm. The aim of this paper is to systematically explore the processes of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in SAH, and to summarize natural compounds as potential targets for improving the prognosis of SAH and their related mechanisms of action for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacong Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Huaxin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yanyang Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yeyu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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3
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Zhang X, Li J, Cao C, Liu Z, Chen Q, Gu Z, Wang W, Fang D, Ge Q, Ding L, Pang C, Wang X. Nrf2 activation by neferine mitigates microglial neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage through inhibiting TAK1-NF-κB signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111693. [PMID: 38428144 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are two major causes leading to early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical transcription factor that contributes to antioxidant responses. Additionally, Nrf2 could inhibit transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which plays a vital role in microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation. Neferine (NE) exhibits considerable protective effects in diverse disease models. However, the detailed effect and mechanism of NE on SAH remain unknown. Our data showed that NE treatment significantly reduced behavior and cognitive impairment, and brain edema in the early period after SAH. In addition, NE mitigated SAH-induced oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and neural death. Moreover, NE inhibited M1 microglial polarization and enhanced M2 phenotype microglia both in vivo and in vitro. Further investigations revealed that NE enhanced the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway and suppressed TAK1-NF-κB signaling. In contrast, depletion of Nrf2 by ML385 suppressed Nrf2-ARE signaling, induced TAK1-NF-κB activation, and further promoted M1 microglial polarization. Additionally, ML385 abated the neuroprotective effects of NE against SAH. Notably, LPS also aggravated TAK1-NF-κB activation and reversed the beneficial effects of NE after SAH. In summary, NE provides protection after SAH by inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating microglial polarization through Nrf2 activation and TAK1-NF-κB suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Qiushi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Zhijiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Dazhao Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - QianQian Ge
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Lianshu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China.
| | - Cong Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 1 Huanghe Road West, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China.
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Samra AI, Kamel AS, Abdallah DM, El Fattah MAA, Ahmed KA, El-Abhar HS. Preclinical Evidence for the Role of the Yin/Yang Angiotensin System Components in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Therapeutic Target of Astaxanthin. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3156. [PMID: 38137376 PMCID: PMC10740500 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence is emerging with an unclear etiology, hindering effective therapeutic interventions. Recent studies suggest potential renin-angiotensin system (RAS) alterations in different neurological pathologies. However, its implications in ASD are unexplored. This research fulfills the critical gap by investigating dual arms of RAS and their interplay with Notch signaling in ASD, using a valproic acid (VPA) model and assessing astaxanthin's (AST) modulatory impacts. Experimentally, male pups from pregnant rats receiving either saline or VPA on gestation day 12.5 were divided into control and VPA groups, with subsequent AST treatment in a subset (postnatal days 34-58). Behavioral analyses, histopathological investigations, and electron microscopy provided insights into the neurobehavioral and structural changes induced by AST. Molecular investigations of male pups' cortices revealed that AST outweighs the protective RAS elements with the inhibition of the detrimental arm. This established the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory axes of RAS (ACE2/Ang1-7/MasR) in the ASD context. The results showed that AST's normalization of RAS components and Notch signaling underscore a novel therapeutic avenue in ASD, impacting neuronal integrity and behavioral outcomes. These findings affirm the integral role of RAS in ASD and highlight AST's potential as a promising treatment intervention, inviting further neurological research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat I. Samra
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.I.S.); (D.M.A.); (M.A.A.E.F.)
| | - Ahmed S. Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.I.S.); (D.M.A.); (M.A.A.E.F.)
| | - Dalaal M. Abdallah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.I.S.); (D.M.A.); (M.A.A.E.F.)
| | - Mai A. Abd El Fattah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.I.S.); (D.M.A.); (M.A.A.E.F.)
| | - Kawkab A. Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Hanan S. El-Abhar
- Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo 11835, Egypt;
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Abbaszadeh F, Jorjani M, Joghataei MT, Raminfard S, Mehrabi S. Astaxanthin ameliorates spinal cord edema and astrocyte activation via suppression of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in a rat model of spinal cord injury. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3075-3086. [PMID: 37145127 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord edema is a quick-onset phenomenon with long-term effects. This complication is associated with inflammatory responses, as well as poor motor function. No effective treatment has been developed against spinal edema, which urges the need to provide novel therapies. Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble carotenoid with anti-inflammatory effects and a promising candidate for treating neurological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of AST on the inhibition of spinal cord edema, astrocyte activation, and reduction of inflammatory responsesin a rat compression spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Male rats underwent laminectomy at thoracic 8-9, and the SCI model was induced using an aneurysm clip. After SCI, rats received dimethyl sulfoxide or AST via intrathecal injection. The effects of AST were examined on the motor function, spinal cord edema, integrity of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), and expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), and matrix metallopeptidase- 9 (MMP-9) post-SCI. We showed that AST potentially improved the recovery of motor function and inhibited the spinal cord edema via maintaining the integrity of BSCB, reducing the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-κB, MMP-9 as well as downregulation of astrocyte activation (GFAP) and AQP4 expression. AST improves motor function and reduces edema and inflammatory responses in the spinal tissue. These effects are mediated by suppression of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, suppressing post-SCI astrocyte activation, and decreasing AQP4 and MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Samira Raminfard
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Advanced Medical Technologies and Equipment Institue, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Mehrabi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Lei K, Wu R, Wang J, Lei X, Zhou E, Fan R, Gong L. Sirtuins as Potential Targets for Neuroprotection: Mechanisms of Early Brain Injury Induced by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01191-z. [PMID: 37779164 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a prevalent cerebrovascular disease with significant global mortality and morbidity rates. Despite advancements in pharmacological and surgical approaches, the quality of life for SAH survivors has not shown substantial improvement. Traditionally, vasospasm has been considered a primary contributor to death and disability following SAH, but anti-vasospastic therapies have not demonstrated significant benefits for SAH patients' prognosis. Emerging studies suggest that early brain injury (EBI) may play a crucial role in influencing SAH prognosis. Sirtuins (SIRTs), a group of NAD + -dependent deacylases comprising seven mammalian family members (SIRT1 to SIRT7), have been found to be involved in neural tissue development, plasticity, and aging. They also exhibit vital functions in various central nervous system (CNS) processes, including cognition, pain perception, mood, behavior, sleep, and circadian rhythms. Extensive research has uncovered the multifaceted roles of SIRTs in CNS disorders, offering insights into potential markers for pathological processes and promising therapeutic targets (such as SIRT1 activators and SIRT2 inhibitors). In this article, we provide an overview of recent research progress on the application of SIRTs in subarachnoid hemorrhage and explore their underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunqian Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University CN, Zunyi, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University CN, Zunyi, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University CN, Zunyi, China
| | - Xianze Lei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University CN, Zunyi, China
| | - Erxiong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University CN, Zunyi, China
| | - Ruiming Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University CN, Zunyi, China.
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University CN, Zunyi, China.
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Zhang ZH, Zhou XM, Zhang X. Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitor in Early Brain Injury of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050816. [PMID: 37239288 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, early brain injury (EBI), which refers to the acute injuries to the whole brain in the phase of the first 72 h following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is intensely investigated to improve neurological and psychological function. Additionally, it will be meaningful to explore new therapeutic approaches for EBI treatment to improve the prognosis of patients with SAH. To investigate the underlying neuroprotection mechanism in vitro, the Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor (PTP1B-IN-1) was put in primary neurons induced by OxyHb to observe neuroapoptosis, neuroinflammation, and ER stress. Then, one hundred forty male mice were subjected to Experiment two and Experiment three. The mice in the SAH24h + PTP1B-IN-1 group were given an intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg PTP1B-IN-1 30 min before anesthesia. SAH grade, neurological score, brain water content, Western blot, PCR, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were performed to observe the underlying neuroprotection mechanism in vivo. Overall, this study suggests that PTP1B-IN-1 could ameliorate neuroapoptosis, neuroinflammation, and ER stress in vitro and in vivo by regulating the IRS-2/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that PTP1B-IN-1 may be a candidate drug for the treatment of early brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
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Deng X, Wu Y, Hu Z, Wang S, Zhou S, Zhou C, Gao X, Huang Y. The mechanism of ferroptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191826. [PMID: 37266433 PMCID: PMC10229825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular accident with an acute onset, severe disease characteristics, and poor prognosis. Within 72 hours after the occurrence of SAH, a sequence of pathological changes occur in the body including blood-brain barrier breakdown, cerebral edema, and reduced cerebrovascular flow that are defined as early brain injury (EBI), and it has been demonstrated that EBI exhibits an obvious correlation with poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is a novel programmed cell death mode. Ferroptosis is induced by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ferroptosis involves abnormal iron metabolism, glutathione depletion, and lipid peroxidation. Recent study revealed that ferroptosis is involved in EBI and is significantly correlated with poor prognosis. With the gradual realization of the importance of ferroptosis, an increasing number of studies have been conducted to examine this process. This review summarizes the latest work in this field and tracks current research progress. We focused on iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, reduction systems centered on the GSH/GPX4 system, other newly discovered GSH/GPX4-independent antioxidant systems, and their related targets in the context of early brain injury. Additionally, we examined certain ferroptosis regulatory mechanisms that have been studied in other fields but not in SAH. A link between death and oxidative stress has been described. Additionally, we highlight the future research direction of ferroptosis in EBI of SAH, and this provides new ideas for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziliang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang Z, Liu C, Zhou X, Zhang X. The Critical Role of Sirt1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhages: Mechanism and Therapeutic Considerations. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040674. [PMID: 37190639 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. As a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is a multipotent molecule involved in many pathophysiological processes. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that Sirt1 activation may exert positive effects on SAHs by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Thus, Sirt1 agonists may serve as potential therapeutic drugs for SAHs. In this review, we summarized the current state of our knowledge on the relationship between Sirt1 and SAHs and provided an updated overview of the downstream molecules of Sirt1 in SAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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10
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Cai W, Wu Z, Lai J, Yao J, Zeng Y, Fang Z, Lin W, Chen J, Xu C, Chen X. LDC7559 inhibits microglial activation and GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117310. [PMID: 37063846 PMCID: PMC10090682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that inhibition of microglial activation and neuronal pyroptosis plays important roles in brain function recovery after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). LDC7559 is a newly discovered gasdermin D (GSDMD) inhibitor. Previous studies have demonstrated that LDC7559 could inhibit microglial proliferation and pyroptosis. However, the beneficial effects of LDC7559 on SAH remain obscure. Based on this background, we investigated the potential role and the mechanism of LDC7559 on SAH-induced brain damage both in vivo and in vitro. The findings revealed that microglial activation and neuronal pyroptosis were evidently increased after SAH, which could be markedly suppressed by LDC7559 both in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, LDC7559 treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis and improved behavior function. Mechanistically, LDC7559 decreased the levels of GSDMD and cleaved GSDMD after SAH. In contrast, nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation by nigericin increased GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and abated the beneficial effects of LDC7559 on SAH-induced brain damage. However, LDC7559 treatment did not significantly affect the expression of NLRP3 after SAH. Taken together, LDC7559 might suppress neuronal pyroptosis and microglial activation after SAH by inhibiting GSDMD, thereby promoting brain functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinqing Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jieran Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yile Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongning Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weibin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junyan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chaoyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangrong Chen, ; Chaoyang Xu,
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangrong Chen, ; Chaoyang Xu,
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11
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Medoro A, Jafar TH, Ali S, Trung TT, Sorrenti V, Intrieri M, Scapagnini G, Davinelli S. In silico evaluation of geroprotective phytochemicals as potential sirtuin 1 interactors. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114425. [PMID: 36812712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) belongs to the histone deacetylase enzyme family and its activity regulates various signaling networks associated with aging. SIRT1 is widely involved in a large number of biological processes, including senescence, autophagy, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In addition, SIRT1 activation may improve lifespan and health in numerous experimental models. Therefore, SIRT1 targeting is a potential strategy to delay or reverse aging and age-related diseases. Although SIRT1 is activated by a wide array of small molecules, only a limited number of phytochemicals that directly interact with SIRT1 have been identified. Using the Geroprotectors.org database and a literature search, the aim of this study was to identify geroprotective phytochemicals that might interact with SIRT1. We performed molecular docking, density functional theory studies, molecular dynamic simulations (MDS), and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) prediction to screen potential candidates against SIRT1. After the initial screening of 70 phytochemicals, crocin, celastrol, hesperidin, taxifolin, vitexin, and quercetin had significant binding affinity scores. These six compounds established multiple hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions with SIRT1 and showed good drug-likeness and ADMET properties. In particular, crocin was further analyzed using MDS to study its complex with SIRT1 during simulation. Crocin has a high reactivity to SIRT1 and can form a stable complex with it, showing a good ability to fit into the binding pocket. Although further investigations are required, our results suggest that these geroprotective phytochemicals, especially crocin, are novel interacting partners of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Tassadaq Hussain Jafar
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sawan Ali
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Truong Tan Trung
- Laboratory of Computation and Nanoscience, Dong Nai Technology University, Dong Nai, Vietnam
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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12
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, O'Keefe JH. Nutraceutical activation of Sirt1: a review. Open Heart 2022; 9:openhrt-2022-002171. [PMID: 36522127 PMCID: PMC9756291 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The deacetylase sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), activated by calorie restriction and fasting, exerts several complementary effects on cellular function that are favourable to healthspan; it is often thought of as an 'anti-aging' enzyme. Practical measures which might boost Sirt1 activity are therefore of considerable interest. A number of nutraceuticals have potential in this regard. Nutraceuticals reported to enhance Sirt1 synthesis or protein expression include ferulic acid, tetrahydrocurcumin, urolithin A, melatonin, astaxanthin, carnosic acid and neochlorogenic acid. The half-life of Sirt1 protein can be enhanced with the natural nicotinamide catabolite N1-methylnicotinamide. The availability of Sirt1's obligate substrate NAD+ can be increased in several ways: nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide can function as substrates for NAD+ synthesis; activators of AMP-activated kinase-such as berberine-can increase expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, which is rate limiting for NAD+ synthesis; and nutraceutical quinones such as thymoquinone and pyrroloquinoline quinone can boost NAD+ by promoting oxidation of NADH. Induced ketosis-as via ingestion of medium-chain triglycerides-can increase NAD+ in the brain by lessening the reduction of NAD+ mediated by glycolysis. Post-translational modifications of Sirt1 by O-GlcNAcylation or sulfonation can increase its activity, suggesting that administration of glucosamine or of agents promoting hydrogen sulfide synthesis may aid Sirt1 activity. Although resveratrol has poor pharmacokinetics, it can bind to Sirt1 and activate it allosterically-as can so-called sirtuin-activating compound drugs. Since oxidative stress can reduce Sirt1 activity in multiple ways, effective antioxidant supplementation that blunts such stress may also help preserve Sirt1 activity in some circumstances. Combination nutraceutical regimens providing physiologically meaningful doses of several of these agents, capable of activating Sirt1 in complementary ways, may have considerable potential for health promotion. Such measures may also amplify the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in non-diabetic disorders, as these benefits appear to reflect upregulation of Sirt1 and AMP-activated protein kinase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, Encinitas, California, USA
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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13
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Wang L, Geng G, Zhu T, Chen W, Li X, Gu J, Jiang E. Progress in Research on TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Response Mechanisms in Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233781. [PMID: 36497041 PMCID: PMC9740134 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the common clinical neurological emergencies. Its incidence accounts for about 5-9% of cerebral stroke patients. Even surviving patients often suffer from severe adverse prognoses such as hemiplegia, aphasia, cognitive dysfunction and even death. Inflammatory response plays an important role during early nerve injury in SAH. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), pattern recognition receptors, are important components of the body's innate immune system, and they are usually activated by damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. Studies have shown that with TLR 4 as an essential member of the TLRs family, the inflammatory transduction pathway mediated by it plays a vital role in brain injury after SAH. After SAH occurrence, large amounts of blood enter the subarachnoid space. This can produce massive damage-associated molecular pattern molecules that bind to TLR4, which activates inflammatory response and causes early brain injury, thus resulting in serious adverse prognoses. In this paper, the process in research on TLR4-mediated inflammatory response mechanism in brain injury after SAH was reviewed to provide a new thought for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Wang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Guangping Geng
- Henan Technician College of Medicine and Health, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Kaifeng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Wenwu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jianjun Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence:
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Zeng Y, Fang Z, Lai J, Wu Z, Lin W, Yao H, Hu W, Chen J, Guo X, Chen X. Activation of Sirtuin-1 by Pinocembrin Treatment Contributes to Reduced Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2242833. [PMID: 36439686 PMCID: PMC9683949 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2242833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) as a devastating neurological disorder is closely related to heightened oxidative insults and neuroinflammatory injury. Pinocembrin, a bioflavonoid, exhibits different biological functions, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and cerebroprotective activities. Herein, we examined the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of pinocembrin in a murine model of SAH. Using an endovascular perforation model in rats, pinocembrin significantly mitigated SAH-induced neuronal tissue damage, including inflammatory injury and free-radical insults. Meanwhile, pinocembrin improved behavior function and reduced neuronal apoptosis. We also revealed that sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) activation was significantly enhanced by pinocembrin. In addition, pinocembrin treatment evidently enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator expression and suppressed ac-nuclear factor-kappa B levels. In contrast, EX-527, a selective SIRT1 inhibitor, blunted the protective effects of pinocembrin against SAH by suppressing SIRT1-mediated signaling. These results suggested that the cerebroprotective actions of pinocembrin after SAH were through SIRT1-dependent pathway, suggesting the potential application of pinocembrin for the treatment of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongning Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinqing Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weibin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junyan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xieli Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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15
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Weng W, Cheng F, Zhang J. Specific signature biomarkers highlight the potential mechanisms of circulating neutrophils in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1022564. [PMID: 36438795 PMCID: PMC9685413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1022564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating hemorrhagic stroke with high disability and mortality. Neuroinflammation and the immunological response after aSAH are complex pathophysiological processes that have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, attention should be paid to exploring the inflammation-related genes involved in the systemic response to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Methods: The datasets of gene transcriptomes were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We constructed a gene co-expression network to identify cluster genes associated with aSAH and screened out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The common gene was subsequently applied to identify hub genes by protein-protein interaction analysis and screen signature genes by machine learning algorithms. CMap analysis was implemented to identify potential small-molecule compounds. Meanwhile, Cibersort and ssGSEA were used to evaluate the immune cell composition, and GSEA reveals signal biological pathways. Results: We identified 602 DEGs from the GSE36791. The neutrophil-related module associated with aSAH was screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and functional enrichment analysis. Several small molecular compounds were predicted based on neutrophil-related genes. MAPK14, ITGAM, TLR4, and FCGR1A have been identified as crucial genes involved in the peripheral immune activation related to neutrophils. Six significant genes (CST7, HSP90AB1, PADI4, PLBD1, RAB32, and SLAMF6) were identified as signature biomarkers by performing the LASSO analysis and SVM algorithms. The constructed machine learning model appears to be robust by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. The immune feature analysis demonstrated that neutrophils were upregulated post-aSAH and PADI4 was positively correlated with neutrophils. The NETs pathway was significantly upregulated in aSAH. Conclusion: We identified core regulatory genes influencing the transcription profiles of circulating neutrophils after the rupture of intracranial aneurysms using bioinformatics analysis and machine learning algorithms. This study provides new insight into the mechanism of peripheral immune response and inflammation after aSAH.
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16
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Coutinho-Wolino KS, Almeida PP, Mafra D, Stockler-Pinto MB. Bioactive compounds modulating Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4)-mediated inflammation: pathways involved and future perspectives. Nutr Res 2022; 107:96-116. [PMID: 36209684 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with the development and progression of several noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Evidence suggests that pattern recognition receptors that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns are crucial in chronic inflammation. Among the pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulates several inflammatory pathway agonists, such as nuclear factor-κB, interferon regulator factor 3, and nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 pathways, which consequently trigger the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, increasing the risk of noncommunicable disease development and progression. Studies have focused on the antagonistic potential of bioactive compounds, following the concept of food as a medicine, in which nutritional strategies may mitigate inflammation via TLR4 modulation. Thus, this review discusses preclinical evidence concerning bioactive compounds from fruit, vegetable, spice, and herb extracts (curcumin, resveratrol, catechin, cinnamaldehyde, emodin, ginsenosides, quercetin, allicin, and caffeine) that may regulate the TLR4 pathway and reduce the inflammatory response. Bioactive compounds can inhibit TLR4-mediated inflammation through gut microbiota modulation, improvement of intestinal permeability, inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 binding, and decreasing TLR4 expression by modulation of microRNAs and antioxidant pathways. The responses directly mitigated inflammation, especially nuclear factor-κB activation and inflammatory cytokines release. These findings should be considered for further clinical studies on inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Coutinho-Wolino
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patricia P Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Milena B Stockler-Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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17
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Liu JQ, Zhao XT, Qin FY, Zhou JW, Ding F, Zhou G, Zhang XS, Zhang ZH, Li ZB. Isoliquiritigenin mitigates oxidative damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro by regulating Nrf2-dependent Signaling Pathway via Targeting of SIRT1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154262. [PMID: 35896045 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a crucial factor leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced early brain injury (EBI). Isoliquiritigenin has been verified as a powerful anti-oxidant in a variety of diseases models and can activate sirtuin 1 and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. However, the effects of isoliquiritigenin against EBI after SAH and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. PURPOSE The primary goal of this study is to verify the therapeutic effects of isoliquiritigenin on EBI after SAH and the possible molecular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN A prechiasmatic cistern SAH model in rats and a hemoglobin incubation SAH model in primary neurons were established. Isoliquiritigenin was administered after SAH induction. EX527 was employed to inhibit sirtuin 1 activation and ML385 was used to suppress Nrf2 signaling. METHODS In our study, neurological scores, brain edema, biochemical estimation, western blotting, and histopathological study were performed to explore the therapeutic action of isoliquiritigenin against SAH. RESULTS Our data revealed that isoliquiritigenin significantly mitigated oxidative damage after SAH as evidenced by decreased reactive oxygen species overproduction and enhanced intrinsic anti-oxidative system. Concomitant with the reduced oxidative insults, isoliquiritigenin improved neurological function and reduced neuronal death in the early period after SAH. Additionally, isoliquiritigenin administration significantly enhanced Nrf2 and sirtuin 1 expressions. Inhibition of Nrf2 by ML385 reversed the anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects of isoliquiritigenin against SAH. Moreover, inhibiting sirtuin 1 by EX527 pretreatment suppressed isoliquiritigenin-induced Nrf2-dependent pathway and abated the cerebroprotective effects of isoliquiritigenin. In primary cortical neurons, isoliquiritigenin treatment also ameliorated oxidative insults and repressed neuronal degeneration. The beneficial aspects of isoliquiritigenin were attributed to the promotion of sirtuin 1 and Nrf2 signaling pathways and were counteracted by EX527. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that isoliquiritigenin exerts cerebroprotective effects against SAH-induced oxidative insults by modulating the Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant signaling in part through sirtuin 1 activation. Isoliquiritigenin might be a new potential drug candidate for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qiang Liu
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Xin-Tong Zhao
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Fei-Yun Qin
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Jia-Wang Zhou
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Fei Ding
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgerya, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Zi-Huan Zhang
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Bao Li
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China.
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Si P, Zhu C. Biological and neurological activities of astaxanthin (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:300. [PMID: 35946443 PMCID: PMC9435021 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a lipid‑soluble carotenoid produced by various microorganisms and marine animals, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, microalgae, shrimps and lobsters. Astaxanthin has antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic properties. These characteristics suggest that astaxanthin has health benefits and protects against various diseases. Owing to its ability to cross the blood‑brain barrier, astaxanthin has received attention for its protective effects against neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, cognitive impairment and neuropathic pain. Previous studies on the neurological effects of astaxanthin are mostly based on animal models and cellular experiments. Thus, the biological effects of astaxanthin on humans and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. The present review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin, explores its mechanisms of action and draws attention to its potential clinical implications as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Si
- Department of Neurology Intervention, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Chenkai Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Activation of SIRT1 Alleviates Ferroptosis in the Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9069825. [PMID: 35855863 PMCID: PMC9288286 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9069825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death that characterizes the lethal lipid peroxidation and iron overload, which may contribute to early brain injury (EBI) pathogenesis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Although Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase, has been proved to have endogenous neuroprotective effects on the EBI following SAH, the role of SIRT1 in ferroptosis has not been studied. Hence, we designed the current study to determine the role of ferroptosis in the EBI and explore the correlation between SIRT1 and ferroptosis after SAH. The pathways of ferroptosis were examined after experimental SAH in vivo (prechiasmatic cistern injection mouse model) and in HT-22 cells stimulated by oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) in vitro. Then, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) was used further to determine the role of ferroptosis in EBI. Finally, we explored the correlation between SIRT1 and ferroptosis via regulating the expression of SIRT1 by resveratrol (RSV) and selisistat (SEL). Our results showed that ferroptosis was involved in the pathogenesis of EBI after SAH through multiple pathways, including acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) activation, iron metabolism disturbance, and the downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1). Inhibition of ferroptosis by Fer-1 significantly alleviated oxidative stress-mediated brain injury. SIRT1 activation could suppress SAH-induced ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of GPX4 and FSP1. Therefore, ferroptosis could be a potential therapeutic target for SAH, and SIRT1 activation is a promising method to inhibit ferroptosis.
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20
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Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Alesci A, Aragona M, Cicero N, Lauriano ER. Can nutraceuticals assist treatment and improve covid-19 symptoms? Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:2672-2691. [PMID: 33949266 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1914032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases have always played an important role in public and individual health. Since December 2019, the world is facing a pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that results in a syndrome known as COVID-19. Several studies were conducted to implement antiviral drug therapy, until the arrival of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Numerous scientific investigations have considered some nutraceuticals as an additional treatment of COVID-19 patients to improve their clinical picture. In this review, we would like to emphasize the studies conducted to date about this issue and try to understand whether the use of nutraceuticals as a supplementary therapy to COVID-19 may be a valid and viable avenue. Based on the results obtained so far, quercetin, astaxanthin, luteolin, glycyrrhizin, lactoferrin, hesperidin and curcumin have shown encouraging data suggesting their use to prevent and counteract the symptoms of this pandemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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22
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Solár P, Zamani A, Lakatosová K, Joukal M. The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35410231 PMCID: PMC8996682 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes that affect microglia, neurons, and vascular smooth muscle cells. SAH induces alterations in individual BBB cells, leading to brain homeostasis disruption. Recent experiments have uncovered many pathophysiological cascades affecting the BBB following SAH. Targeting some of these pathways is important for restoring brain function following SAH. BBB injury occurs immediately after SAH and has long-lasting consequences, but most changes in the pathophysiological cascades occur in the first few days following SAH. These changes determine the development of early brain injury as well as delayed cerebral ischemia. SAH-induced neuroprotection also plays an important role and weakens the negative impact of SAH. Supporting some of these beneficial cascades while attenuating the major pathophysiological pathways might be decisive in inhibiting the negative impact of bleeding in the subarachnoid space. In this review, we attempt a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular changes in the BBB following SAH and their possible modulation by various drugs and substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Lakatosová
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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23
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Gao X, Gao YY, Yan HY, Liu GJ, Zhou Y, Tao T, Yue TT, Pang C, Chen XX, Gao S, Wu LY, Hang CH, Li W. PDK4 Decrease Neuronal Apoptosis via Inhibiting ROS-ASK1/P38 Pathway in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:505-524. [PMID: 34498942 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Metabolic disorders may play key roles in oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in response to early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is related to oxidative stress in EBI, and its activity obviously decreases after SAH. We discovered that only pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) expression was obviously increased among the four PDK isozymes after SAH in preliminary experiments. Therefore, we attempted to investigate the effects and corresponding mechanisms of PDK4 on oxidative stress after SAH. Results: First, we confirmed that PDK4 overexpression promoted PDH phosphorylation, inhibited PDH activity, and changed cell metabolism after SAH. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PDK4, a lentiviral PDK4 overexpression vector, and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) were used to regulate the expression and activity of PDK4. The siRNA decreased PDH phosphorylation, promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activated the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/P38 pathway, and induced neuronal apoptosis. The lentivirus further attenuated PDH activity, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis. DCA inhibited the activity of PDK4, but increased the expression of PDK4 due to a feedback mechanism. Inactivated PDK4 did not effectively suppress PDH activity, which increased ROS production, activated the ASK1/P38 pathway, and led to neuronal apoptosis. Innovation: This study provides new insights into the potential antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of the PDK4-PDH axis on EBI after SAH. Conclusions: The early overexpression of PDK4 after SAH may attenuate neuronal apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress via the ROS/ASK1/P38 pathway. PDK4 may be a new potential therapeutic target to ameliorate EBI after SAH. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 505-524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Yue Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Ying Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Jie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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24
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Acetyl CoA synthase 2 potentiates ATG5-induced autophagy against neuronal apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:511-521. [PMID: 35137294 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ATG5-induced autophagy is triggered in the early stages after SAH, which plays a vital role in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family 2 (ACSS2) is not just involved in energy metabolism but also binds to TEFB to form a complex translocated to related autophagy genes to regulate the expression of autophagy-related genes. However, the contribution of ACSS2 to the activation of autophagy in early brain injury (EBI) after SAH has barely been discussed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the alterations of ACSS2 and its neuroprotective effects following SAH. We first evaluated the expression of ACSS2 at different time points (6, 12, 24, and 72 h after SAH) in vivo and primary cortical neurons stimulated by oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb). Subsequently, adeno-associated virus and lentivirus were used to regulate ACSS2 expression to investigate the effect of ACSS2 after SAH. The results showed that the ACSS2 level decreased significantly in the early stages of SAH and was minimized at 24 h post-SAH. After artificial intervention to overexpress ACSS2, ATG5-induced autophagy was further enhanced in EBI after SAH, and neuronal apoptosis was alleviated to protect brain injury. In addition, brain edema and neurological function scores were improved. These results suggest that ACSS2 plays an important role in the neuroprotection against EBI after SAH by increasing ATG5-induce autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis.
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25
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Lin F, Li R, Tu WJ, Chen Y, Wang K, Chen X, Zhao J. An Update on Antioxidative Stress Therapy Research for Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:772036. [PMID: 34938172 PMCID: PMC8686680 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.772036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main reasons for disability and death in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may be early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Despite studies reporting and progressing when DCI is well-treated clinically, the prognosis is not well-improved. According to the present situation, we regard EBI as the main target of future studies, and one of the key phenotype-oxidative stresses may be called for attention in EBI after laboratory subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We summarized the research progress and updated the literature that has been published about the relationship between experimental and clinical SAH-induced EBI and oxidative stress (OS) in PubMed from January 2016 to June 2021. Many signaling pathways are related to the mechanism of OS in EBI after SAH. Several antioxidative stress drugs were studied and showed a protective response against EBI after SAH. The systematical study of antioxidative stress in EBI after laboratory and clinical SAH may supply us with new therapies about SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Runting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Chen J, Zheng ZV, Lu G, Chan WY, Zhang Y, Wong GKC. Microglia activation, classification and microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory modulators in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1404-1411. [PMID: 34916410 PMCID: PMC8771101 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.330589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a devastating disease with significant mortality and morbidity, despite advances in treating cerebral aneurysms. There has been recent progress in the intensive care management and monitoring of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, but the results remain unsatisfactory. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, are increasingly recognized as playing a significant role in neurological diseases, including subarachnoid hemorrhage. In early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage, microglial activation and neuroinflammation have been implicated in the development of disease complications and recovery. To understand the disease processes following subarachnoid hemorrhage, it is important to focus on the modulators of microglial activation and the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this review, we summarize research on the modulators of microglia-mediated inflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage, including transcriptome changes and the neuroinflammatory signaling pathways. We also describe the latest developments in single-cell transcriptomics for microglia and summarize advances that have been made in the transcriptome-based classification of microglia and the implications for microglial activation and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfan Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhiyuan Vera Zheng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan Branch of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Bioinformatics Unit, SDIVF R&D Centre, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yisen Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - George Kwok Chu Wong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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27
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Xia D, Qiu W, Wang X, Liu J. Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives of Microalgae-Derived Pharmaceuticals. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:703. [PMID: 34940702 PMCID: PMC8703604 DOI: 10.3390/md19120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal cells serve as solar-powered factories that produce pharmaceuticals, recombinant proteins (vaccines and drugs), and valuable natural byproducts that possess medicinal properties. The main advantages of microalgae as cell factories can be summarized as follows: they are fueled by photosynthesis, are carbon dioxide-neutral, have rapid growth rates, are robust, have low-cost cultivation, are easily scalable, pose no risk of human pathogenic contamination, and their valuable natural byproducts can be further processed. Despite their potential, there are many technical hurdles that need to be overcome before the commercial production of microalgal pharmaceuticals, and extensive studies regarding their impact on human health must still be conducted and the results evaluated. Clearly, much work remains to be done before microalgae can be used in the large-scale commercial production of pharmaceuticals. This review focuses on recent advancements in microalgal biotechnology and its future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Wen Qiu
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
| | - Xianxian Wang
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
| | - Junying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology Centre (PMTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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28
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Xia DY, Yuan JL, Jiang XC, Qi M, Lai NS, Wu LY, Zhang XS. SIRT1 Promotes M2 Microglia Polarization via Reducing ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770744. [PMID: 34899720 PMCID: PMC8653696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has suggested that modulating microglia polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to anti-inflammatory M2 state might be a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) injury. Our previous study has indicated that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) could ameliorate early brain injury (EBI) in SAH by reducing oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. However, the effects of SIRT1 on microglial polarization and the underlying molecular mechanisms after SAH have not been fully illustrated. In the present study, we first observed that EX527, a potent selective SIRT1 inhibitor, enhanced microglial M1 polarization and nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in microglia after SAH. Administration of SRT1720, an agonist of SIRT1, significantly enhanced SIRT1 expression, improved functional recovery, and ameliorated brain edema and neuronal death after SAH. Moreover, SRT1720 modulated the microglia polarization shift from the M1 phenotype and skewed toward the M2 phenotype. Additionally, SRT1720 significantly decreased acetylation of forkhead box protein O1, inhibited the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. In contrast, EX527 abated the upregulation of SIRT1 and reversed the inhibitory effects of SRT1720 on ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome activation and EBI. Similarly, in vitro, SRT1720 suppressed inflammatory response, oxidative damage, and neuronal degeneration, and improved cell viability in neurons and microglia co-culture system. These effects were associated with the suppression of ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulation of SIRT1 signaling, which could be abated by EX527. Altogether, these findings indicate that SRT1720, an SIRT1 agonist, can ameliorate EBI after SAH by shifting the microglial phenotype toward M2 via modulation of ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Jin-Long Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Nian-Sheng Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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29
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Luteolin Confers Cerebroprotection after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Suppression of NLPR3 Inflammasome Activation through Nrf2-Dependent Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5838101. [PMID: 34777689 PMCID: PMC8589510 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5838101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin (LUT) possesses multiple biologic functions and has beneficial effects for cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases. Here, we investigated the protective effects of LUT against subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the involvement of underlying molecular mechanisms. In a rat model of SAH, LUT significantly inhibited SAH-induced neuroinflammation as evidenced by reduced microglia activation, decreased neutrophil infiltration, and suppressed proinflammatory cytokine release. In addition, LUT markedly ameliorated SAH-induced oxidative damage and restored the endogenous antioxidant systems. Concomitant with the suppressed oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, LUT significantly improved neurologic function and reduced neuronal cell death after SAH. Mechanistically, LUT treatment significantly enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), while it downregulated nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Inhibition of Nrf2 by ML385 dramatically abrogated LUT-induced Nrf2 activation and NLRP3 suppression and reversed the beneficial effects of LUT against SAH. In neurons and microglia coculture system, LUT also mitigated oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and neuronal degeneration. These beneficial effects were associated with activation of the Nrf2 and inhibitory effects on NLRP3 inflammasome and were reversed by ML385 treatment. Taken together, this present study reveals that LUT confers protection against SAH by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway, which may be modulated by Nrf2 activation.
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30
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Liao Y, Kuang C, Bao Z, He Y, Gu L, Tao Q, Qiu X, Dipritu G, Kong X, Zhang L, Peng J, Jiang Y, Yin S. Nucleo-cytoplasmic RNA distribution responsible for maintaining neuroinflammatory microenvironment. RNA Biol 2021; 18:866-880. [PMID: 34843419 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.2004684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcellular localization of transcripts is highly associated with regulation of gene expression, synthesis of protein, and also the development of the human brain cortex. Although many mechanisms are prevalent in the occurrence of neuroinflammation, the mechanisms based on differences in subcellular localization of transcripts have not been explored. To characterize the dynamic profile of nuclear and cytoplasmic transcripts during the progress of haemorrhage-induced neuroinflammation, we isolated nucleo-cytoplasmic RNA fractions of oxyhaemoglobin (oxy-Hb) treated microglia cells and sequenced both fractions. We discovered that cytoplasmic retained genes were the major forces to maintain the neuroinflammatory microenvironment with 10 hub genes and 40 conserved genes were identified. Moreover, antisense RNA Gm44096 and lincRNA Gm47270, which co-expressed with a crowd of inflammatory genes in the cytoplasm, were discovered as regulatory strategies for sustaining the neuroinflammatory microenvironment. Thus, our study provides a new perspective on understanding haemorrhage-induced neuroinflammation and also reveals a mechanism of lncRNA responsible for maintaining the neuroinflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Kuang
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zheng Bao
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yijing He
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Gu
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qianke Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiancheng Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ghosh Dipritu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xi Kong
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shigang Yin
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Song Y, Wu Z, Zhao P. The protective effects of activating Sirt1/NF-κB pathway for neurological disorders. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:427-438. [PMID: 34757706 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sirt1, a member of the sirtuins family, is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase. It can be involved in the regulation of several processes including inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and autophagy by exerting deacetylation. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a crucial nuclear transcription factor with specific DNA binding sequences, exists in almost all cells and plays a vital role in several biological processes involving inflammatory response, immune response, and apoptosis. As the hub of multiple intracellular signaling pathways, the activity of NF-κB is regulated by multiple factors. Sirt1 can both directly deacetylate NF-κB and indirectly through other molecules to inhibit its activity. We would like to emphasize that Sirt1/NF-κB is a signaling pathway that is closely related to neuroinflammation. Many recent studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of Sirt1/NF-κB signaling pathway activation applied to the treatment of neurological related diseases. In this review, we focus on new advances in the neuroprotective effects of the Sirt1/NF-κB pathway. First, we briefly review Sirt1 and NF-κB, two key molecules of cellular metabolism. Next, we discuss the connection between NF-κB and neuroinflammation. In addition, we explore how Sirt1 regulates NF-κB in nerve cells and relevant evidence. Finally, we analyze the therapeutic effects of the Sirt1/NF-κB pathway in several common neuroinflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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32
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Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Multifaced role of protein deacetylase sirtuins in neurodegenerative disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:976-997. [PMID: 34742724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins, a class III histone/protein deacetylase, is a central regulator of metabolic function and cellular stress response. This plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, and cardiovascular disease. Sirtuins regulate biological and cellular processes, for instance, mitochondrial biogenesis, lipid and fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress, gene transcriptional activity, apoptosis, inflammatory response, DNA repair mechanism, and autophagic cell degradation, which are known components for the progression of the neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Emerging evidence suggests that sirtuins are the useful molecular targets against NDDs like, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). However, the exact mechanism of neuroprotection mediated through sirtuins remains unsettled. The manipulation of sirtuins activity with its modulators, calorie restriction (CR), and micro RNAs (miR) is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of NDDs. Herein, we reviewed the current putative therapeutic role of sirtuins in regulating synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, which are mediated through the different molecular phenomenon to prevent neurodegeneration. We also explained the implications of sirtuin modulators, and miR based therapies for the treatment of life-threatening NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
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Cao Y, Yang L, Qiao X, Xue C, Xu J. Dietary astaxanthin: an excellent carotenoid with multiple health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-27. [PMID: 34581210 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1983766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid widely found in marine organisms and microorganisms. With extensive use in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and animal feed, astaxanthin will have the largest share in the global market for carotenoids in the near future. Owing to its unique molecular features, astaxanthin has excellent antioxidant activity and holds promise for use in biochemical studies. This review focuses on the observed health benefits of dietary astaxanthin, as well as its underlying bioactivity mechanisms. Recent studies have increased our understanding of the role of isomerization and esterification in the structure-function relationship of dietary astaxanthin. Gut microbiota may involve the fate of astaxanthin during digestion and absorption; thus, further knowledge is needed to establish accurate recommendations for dietary intake of both healthy and special populations. Associated with the regulation of redox balance and multiple biological mechanisms, astaxanthin is proposed to affect oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and lipid metabolism in humans, thus exerting benefits for skin condition, eye health, cardiovascular system, neurological function, exercise performance, and immune response. Additionally, preclinical trials predict its potential effects such as intestinal flora regulation and anti-diabetic activity. Therefore, astaxanthin is worthy of further investigation for boosting human health, and wide applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunrui Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xing Qiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
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Ávila-Román J, García-Gil S, Rodríguez-Luna A, Motilva V, Talero E. Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:531. [PMID: 34677429 PMCID: PMC8539290 DOI: 10.3390/md19100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system's response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sara García-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
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Lua J, Ekanayake K, Fangman M, Doré S. Potential Role of Soluble Toll-like Receptors 2 and 4 as Therapeutic Agents in Stroke and Brain Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189977. [PMID: 34576137 PMCID: PMC8470802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis is a physiological condition in which red blood cells (RBCs) lyse, releasing their contents into the extracellular environment. Hemolysis can be a manifestation of several diseases and conditions, such as sickle cell disease, hemorrhagic stroke, and trauma. Heme and hemoglobin are among the unique contents of RBCs that are released into the environment. Although these contents can cause oxidative stress, especially when oxidized in the extracellular environment, they can also initiate a proinflammatory response because they bind to receptors such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. This review seeks to clarify the mechanism by which TLRs initiate a proinflammatory response to heme, hemoglobin, and their oxidized derivatives, as well as the possibility of using soluble TLRs (sTLRs) as therapeutic agents. Furthermore, this review explores the possibility of using sTLRs in hemorrhagic disorders in which mitigating inflammation is essential for clinical outcomes, including hemorrhagic stroke and its subtypes, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Lua
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.L.); (K.E.); (M.F.)
| | - Kanishka Ekanayake
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.L.); (K.E.); (M.F.)
| | - Madison Fangman
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.L.); (K.E.); (M.F.)
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.L.); (K.E.); (M.F.)
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics and Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-9663
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Liu M, Yang Y, Zhao B, Yang Y, Wang J, Shen K, Yang X, Hu D, Zheng G, Han J. Exosomes Derived From Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Radiation-Induced Brain Injury by Activating the SIRT1 Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693782. [PMID: 34395427 PMCID: PMC8358610 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Studies have shown that the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mediated in a paracrine manner, mainly through extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. Here, we designed a study to investigate whether exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC-Exos) had protective effects in a rat model of radiation-induced brain injury and in microglia. Methods Male adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the radiation group (30 Gy), and the radiation + exosomes group (30 Gy + 100 ug exosomes). Meanwhile, microglia were divided into four groups: the control group, the radiation group (10 Gy), the radiation + exosomes group (10 Gy + 4 ug exosomes), and radiation + exosomes + EX527 group (10 Gy + 4 ug exosomes + 100 nM EX527). Tissue samples and the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in each group were compared. Results Statistical analysis showed that after irradiation, ADMSC-Exos intervention in vivo significantly reduced the levels of caspase-3, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and promoted the recovery of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), IL-4, and IL-10. Moreover, ADMSC-Exos intervention inhibited microglial infiltration and promoted the expression of SIRT1. Furthermore, the results in vitro showed that the above effects of ADMSC-Exos could be reversed by SIRT-1 inhibitor EX527. Conclusion This study demonstrated that ADMSC-Exos exerted protective effects against radiation-induced brain injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and microglial infiltration via activating the SIRT1 pathway. ADMSC-Exos may serve as a promising therapeutic tool for radiation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdong Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunshu Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuefan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoxu Zheng
- State key laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juntao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Zhang XS, Lu Y, Li W, Tao T, Wang WH, Gao S, Zhou Y, Guo YT, Liu C, Zhuang Z, Hang CH, Li W. Cerebroprotection by dioscin after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome through SIRT1-dependent pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3648-3666. [PMID: 33904167 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dioscin has multiple biological activities and is beneficial for cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases. Here, we investigated the protective effects of dioscin against subarachnoid haemorrhage and the molecular mechanisms involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Dioscin was administered after subarachnoid haemorrhage induced in rats. MCC950, a potent selective nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor, was used to suppress NLRP3 and EX527 (selisistat) was used to inhibit sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). KEY RESULTS In vivo, dioscin inhibited acute inflammatory response, oxidative damage, neurological impairment and neural cell degeneration after subarachnoid haemorrhage along with dramatically suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. While pretreatment with MCC950 reduced the inflammatory response and improved neurological outcomes it did not lessen ROS production. However, giving dioscin after MCC950 reduced acute brain damage and ROS production. Dioscin increased SIRT1 expression after subarachnoid haemorrhage, whereas EX527 abolished the up-regulation of SIRT1 induced by dioscin and offset the inhibitory effects of dioscin on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. EX527 pretreatment also reversed the neuroprotective effects of dioscin against subarachnoid haemorrhage. Similarly, in vitro, dioscin dose-dependently suppressed inflammatory response, oxidative damage and neuronal degeneration and improved cell viability in neurons and microglia co-culture system. These effects were associated with inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulation of SIRT1 signalling, which could be inhibited by EX527 pretreatment. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Dioscin provides protection against subarachnoid haemorrhage via the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation through SIRT1-dependent pathway. Dioscin may be a new candidate to ameliorate early brain injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Boai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Han Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Ting Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Role of Adaptor Protein Myeloid Differentiation 88 (MyD88) in Post-Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Inflammation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084185. [PMID: 33919485 PMCID: PMC8073517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation 88 (MyD88) is a well-established inflammatory adaptor protein. It is one of the essential downstream proteins of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors that are usually activated by the damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs). Sterile inflammation is triggered by the endogenous DAMPs released in response to global cerebral ischemia and from extravasated blood after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this review, we highlight the importance of the neuroinflammatory role of the MyD88 in the SAH. We also explore a few possible pharmacological agents that can be used to decrease SAH-associated neuroinflammation by modulating the MyD88 dependent functions. Pharmacological agents such as flavonoids, melatonin, fluoxetine, pentoxifylline and progesterone have been investigated experimentally to reduce the SAH-associated inflammation. Inhibition of the MyD88 not only reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also potentially inhibits other processes that can augment the SAH associated inflammation. Further investigations are required to translate these findings in the clinical setting.
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Guo S, Guo L, Fang Q, Yu M, Zhang L, You C, Wang X, Liu Y, Han C. Astaxanthin protects against early acute kidney injury in severely burned rats by inactivating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis and upregulating heme oxygenase-1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6679. [PMID: 33758309 PMCID: PMC7988001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early acute kidney injury (AKI) contributes to severe morbidity and mortality in critically burned patients. Renal inflammation plays a vital role in the progression of early AKI, acting as a therapeutic target. Astaxanthin (ATX) is a strong antioxidant widely distributed in marine organisms that exerts many biological effects in trauma and disease. ATX is also suggested to have anti-inflammatory activity. Hence, we attempted to explore the role of ATX in protecting against early postburn AKI via its anti-inflammatory effects and the related mechanisms. A severely burned model was established for histological and biochemical assessments based on adult male rats. We found that oxidative stress-induced tissue inflammation participated in the development of early AKI after burn injury and that the MyD88-dependent TLR4/NF-κB pathway was activated to regulate renal inflammation. The TLR4 and NF-κB inhibitors TAK242 and PDTC showed similar effects in attenuating burn-induced renal inflammation and early AKI. Upon ATX treatment, the release of inflammatory mediators in the kidneys was downregulated, while the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis was inhibited in a dose-related manner. TAK242 and PDTC could enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of high-dose ATX, whereas lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reversed its action. Furthermore, the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 was upregulated by ATX in a dose-related manner. Collectively, the above data suggest that ATX protects against renal inflammation in a dose-related manner by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis and HO-1 and ultimately prevents early AKI following severe burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxue Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1511 Jianghong Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linsen Guo
- Department of Burns, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288 East Yanling Road, Changzhou, 213011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1511 Jianghong Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meirong Yu
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Burns, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuangang You
- Department of Burns, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang Street, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang XS, Lu Y, Li W, Tao T, Peng L, Wang WH, Gao S, Liu C, Zhuang Z, Xia DY, Hang CH, Li W. Astaxanthin ameliorates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via SIRT1/NRF2/Prx2/ASK1/p38 after traumatic brain injury in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1114-1132. [PMID: 33326114 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis play key roles in traumatic brain injury. We investigated the protective effects of astaxanthin against traumatic brain injury and its underlying mechanisms of action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A weight-drop model of traumatic brain injury in vivo and hydrogen peroxide exposure in vitro model were established. Brain oedema, behaviour tests, western blot, biochemical analysis, lesion volume, histopathological study and cell viability were performed. KEY RESULTS Astaxanthin significantly reduced oxidative insults on Days 1, 3 and 7 after traumatic brain injury. Neuronal apoptosis was also ameliorated on Day 3. Additionally, astaxanthin improved neurological functions up to 3 weeks after traumatic brain injury. Astaxanthin treatment dramatically enhanced the expression of peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2/Nrf2) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), while it down-regulated the phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and p38. Inhibition of Prx2 by siRNA injection reversed the beneficial effects of astaxanthin against traumatic brain injury. Additionally, Nrf2 knockout prevented the neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin in traumatic brain injury. In contrast, overexpression of Prx2 in Nrf2 knockout mice attenuated the secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury. Moreover, inhibiting SIRT1 by EX527 dramatically inhibited the neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin and suppressed SIRT1/Nrf2/Prx2/ASK1/p38 pathway both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Astaxanthin improved the neurological functions and protected the brain from injury after traumatic brain injury, primarily by reducing oxidative stress and neuronal death via SIRT1/Nrf2/Prx2/ASK1/p38 signalling pathway and might be a new candidate to ameliorate traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Boai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Han Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Da-Yong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Talukdar J, Bhadra B, Dattaroy T, Nagle V, Dasgupta S. Potential of natural astaxanthin in alleviating the risk of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110886. [PMID: 33113418 PMCID: PMC7566765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host excessive inflammatory immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is thought to underpin the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated severe pneumonitis and acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Once an immunological complication like cytokine storm occurs, anti-viral based monotherapy alone is not enough. Additional anti-inflammatory treatment is recommended. It must be noted that anti-inflammatory drugs such as JAK inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, TNF-α inhibitors, colchicine, etc., have been either suggested or are under trials for managing cytokine storm in COVID-19 infections. Natural astaxanthin (ASX) has a clinically proven safety profile and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. There is evidence from preclinical studies that supports its preventive actions against ALI/ARDS. Moreover, ASX has a potent PPARs activity. Therefore, it is plausible to speculate that ASX could be considered as a potential adjunctive supplement. Here, we summarize the mounting evidence where ASX is shown to exert protective effect by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. We present reports where ASX is shown to prevent against oxidative damage and attenuate exacerbation of the inflammatory responses by regulating signaling pathways like NF-ĸB, NLRP3 and JAK/STAT. These evidences provide a rationale for considering natural astaxanthin as a therapeutic agent against inflammatory cytokine storm and associated risks in COVID-19 infection and this suggestion requires further validation with clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Talukdar
- Synthetic Biology Group, Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India.
| | - Bhaskar Bhadra
- Synthetic Biology Group, Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India
| | - Tomal Dattaroy
- Synthetic Biology Group, Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India
| | - Vinod Nagle
- Synthetic Biology Group, Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Synthetic Biology Group, Reliance Research & Development Centre, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400701, India
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Norihito Shimamura, Katagai T, Fujiwara N, Ueno K, Watanabe R, Fumoto T, Naraoka M, Ohkuma H. Intra-arterial anti-oxidant power negatively correlates with white matter injury, and oxidative stress positively correlates with disability in daily activities. Exp Neurol 2020; 336:113539. [PMID: 33249032 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress influences many kinds of diseases. Our hypothesis is that oxidative stress and antioxidant potentials correlate with cognitive function, activities of daily life and white matter injury. (UMIN-CTR R000016770) Thirty-two consecutive patients participated to this study after informed consent. A routine biochemical analysis, modified-Rankin Scale (m-RS), revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery imaging (FLAIR) were performed before admission. Derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) were measured photometrically using arterial blood. Statistical analyses were done by analysis variance or logistic regression analysis. Median age was 72 (IQR: 64.3 -- 75.8). The d-ROMS were 367 ± 55.4, and BAP was 1967 ± 284. HDS-R and m-RS deteriorated with d-ROMs elevation (p < 0.05). Uric acid and creatinine decreased with d-ROMs elevation (p < 0.05). Both periventricular hyperintensity grade and deep and subcortical white matter hyperintensity grade worsened with BAP reduction (p < 0.05). Oxidative stress correlates negatively with cognitive function and activities of daily life. Low antioxidative potentials correlate with aggravation of white matter injury. We should control both oxidative stress and antioxidative potential to maintain healthy lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Shimamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Katagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nozomi Fujiwara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kouta Ueno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryouta Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshio Fumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masato Naraoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohkuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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MFG-E8 attenuates inflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage by driving microglial M2 polarization. Exp Neurol 2020; 336:113532. [PMID: 33245889 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that microglial polarization plays an important role in the pathological processes of neuroinflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous studies indicated that milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-8 (MFG-E8) has potential anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in cerebral ischemia. However, the effects of MFG-E8 on microglial polarization have not been evaluated after SAH. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of MFG-E8 in anti-inflammation, and its effects on microglial polarization following SAH. We established the SAH model via prechiasmatic cistern blood injection in mice. Double-immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were performed to investigate the expression and cellular distribution of MFG-E8. Two different dosages (1 and 5 μg) of recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at 1 h after SAH. Brain water content, neurological scores, beam-walking score, Fluoro-Jade C (FJC), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick endlabeling staining (TUNEL) were measured at 24 h. Suppression of MFG-E8, integrin β3 and phosphorylation of STAT3 were achieved by specific siRNAs (500 pmol/5 μl) and the STAT3 inhibitor Stattic (5 μM). The potential signaling pathways and microglial polarization were measured by immunofluorescence labeling and western blotting. SAH induction increased the levels of inflammatory mediators and the proportion of M1 cells, and caused neuronal apoptosis in mice at 24 h. Treatment with rhMFG-E8 (5 μg) remarkably decreased brain edema, improved neurological functions, reduced the levels of proinflammatory factors, and promoted the microglial to shift to M2 phenotype. However, knockdown of MFG-E8 and integrin β3 via siRNA abolished the effects of MFG-E8 on anti-inflammation and M2 phenotype polarization. The STAT3 inhibitor Stattic further clarified the role of rhMFG-E8 in microglial polarization by regulating the protein levels of the integrin β3/SOCS3/STAT3 pathway. rhMFG-E8 inhibits neuronal inflammation by transformation the microglial phenotype toward M2 and its direct protective effect on neurons after SAH, which may be mediated by modulation of the integrin β3/SOCS3/STAT3 signaling pathway, highlighting rhMFG-E8 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of SAH patients.
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44
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Huan Y, Peng XD, Lin J, Zhang YX, Zhan L, Gao H, Zhao GQ. Anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin against fungal keratitis. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1681-1688. [PMID: 33214996 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To characterize effect of astaxanthin (ASX) in Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) induced keratitis in mouse model. METHODS In vivo, fungal keratitis mouse model was established in C57BL/6 mice using A. fumigatus, followed by ASX or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment. Clinical responses were evaluated by clinical score and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. Inflammatory cytokines were assessed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In animal model, ASX improved corneal transparency and clinical response, suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokine like IL-1β, TNF-α, and HMGB-1. Neutrophil levels have been shown to decrease in ASX-treated cornea by immunofluorescence and MPO. TLR2 and TLR4 levels were lower in ASX-treated group than DMSO-treated. CONCLUSION ASX can suppress inflammatory response and reduce inflammatory cytokine production in mice model with A. fumigatus keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xu-Dong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Xue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lu Zhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gui-Qiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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Fleischmann C, Shohami E, Trembovler V, Heled Y, Horowitz M. Cognitive Effects of Astaxanthin Pretreatment on Recovery From Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:999. [PMID: 33178093 PMCID: PMC7593578 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), caused by mechanical impact to the brain, is a leading cause of death and disability among young adults, with slow and often incomplete recovery. Preemptive treatment strategies may increase the injury resilience of high-risk populations such as soldiers and athletes. In this work, the xanthophyll carotenoid Astaxanthin was examined as a potential nutritional preconditioning method in mice (sabra strain) to increase their resilience prior to TBI in a closed head injury (CHI) model. The effect of Astaxanthin pretreatment on heat shock protein (HSP) dynamics and functional outcome after CHI was explored by gavage or free eating (in pellet form) for 2 weeks before CHI. Assessment of neuromotor function by the neurological severity score (NSS) revealed significant improvement in the Astaxanthin gavage-treated group (100 mg/kg, ATX) during recovery compared to the gavage-treated olive oil group (OIL), beginning at 24 h post-CHI and lasting throughout 28 days (p < 0.007). Astaxanthin pretreatment in pellet form produced a smaller improvement in NSS vs. posttreatment at 7 days post-CHI (p < 0.05). Cognitive and behavioral evaluation using the novel object recognition test (ORT) and the Y Maze test revealed an advantage for Astaxanthin administration via free eating vs. standard chow during recovery post-CHI (ORT at 3 days, p < 0.035; improvement in Y Maze score from 2 to 29 days, p < 0.02). HSP profile and anxiety (open field test) were not significantly affected by Astaxanthin. In conclusion, astaxanthin pretreatment may contribute to improved recovery post-TBI in mice and is influenced by the form of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fleischmann
- The Institute of Military Physiology, IDF Medical Corps, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Shohami
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Victoria Trembovler
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Heled
- Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Kibbutzim College, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Horowitz
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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46
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Stereochemistry of Astaxanthin Biosynthesis in the Marine Harpacticoid Copepod Tigriopus Californicus. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100506. [PMID: 33028032 PMCID: PMC7600253 DOI: 10.3390/md18100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus has been recognized as a model organism for the study of marine pollutants. Furthermore, the nutritional profile of this copepod is of interest to the aquafeed industry. Part of this interest lies in the fact that Tigriopus produces astaxanthin, an essential carotenoid in salmonid aquaculture. Here, we study for the first time the stereochemistry of the astaxanthin produced by this copepod. We cultured T. californicus with different feeding sources and used chiral high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) to determine that T. californicus synthesizes pure 3S,3’S-astaxanthin. Using meso-zeaxanthin as feed, we found that the putative ketolase enzyme from T. californicus can work with β-rings with either 3R- or 3S-oriented hydroxyl groups. Despite this ability, experiments in the presence of hydroxylated and non-hydroxylated carotenoids suggest that T. californicus prefers to use the latter to produce 3S,3’S-astaxanthin. We suggest that the biochemical tools described in this work can be used to study the mechanistic aspects of the recently identified avian ketolase.
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47
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Wang HB, Wang WQ, Wu QJ, Hou YJ, Li HX, Yang HJ, Yang MF, Sun BL, Zhang ZY. Negative Allosteric Modulator of mGluR1 Improves Long-Term Neurologic Deficits after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2869-2880. [PMID: 32786302 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes permanent neurological sequelae, but the underlying mechanism needs to be further clarified. Here, we show that inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) with negative allosteric modulator JNJ16259685 improves long-term neurobehavioral outcomes in an endovascular perforation model of SAH. JNJ16259685 improves cerebrovascular dysfunction through attenuation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction, cerebral vasoconstrictio, and microthrombosis formation in a rat SAH model. Moreover, JNJ16259685 reduces experimental SAH-induced long-term neuronal damage through alleviation of neuronal death and degeneration. Mechanically, JNJ16259685 maintains phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and decreases apoptosis-related factors Bax, active caspase-9, and active caspase-3 following experimental SAH. Altogether, our results suggest JNJ16259685 improves long-term functional impairment through neurovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-qi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jian Wu
- Department of Emergency, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining 272011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-jun Hou
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han-xia Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-feng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-liang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-yong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang XS, Lu Y, Tao T, Wang H, Liu GJ, Liu XZ, Liu C, Xia DY, Hang CH, Li W. Fucoxanthin Mitigates Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Oxidative Damage via Sirtuin 1-Dependent Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5286-5298. [PMID: 32876840 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key component of the pathological cascade in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Fucoxanthin (Fx) possesses a strong antioxidant property and has shown neuroprotective effects in acute brain injuries such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of Fx against SAH-induced oxidative insults and the possible molecular mechanisms. Our data showed that Fx could significantly inhibit SAH-induced reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation, and restore the impairment of endogenous antioxidant enzymes activities. In addition, Fx supplementation improved mitochondrial morphology, ameliorated neural apoptosis, and reduced brain edema after SAH. Moreover, Fx administration exerted an improvement in short-term and long-term neurobehavior functions after SAH. Mechanistically, Fx inhibited oxidative damage and brain injury after SAH by deacetylation of forkhead transcription factors of the O class and p53 via sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) activation. EX527, a selective Sirt1 inhibitor, significantly abated Fx-induced Sirt1 activation and abrogated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of Fx after SAH. In primary neurons, Fx similarly suppressed oxidative insults and improved cell viability. These effects were associated with Sirt1 activation and were reversed by EX527 treatment. Taken together, our study explored that Fx provided protection against SAH-induced oxidative insults by inducing Sirt1 signaling, indicating that Fx might serve as a potential therapeutic drug for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Jie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xun-Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Da-Yong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Pterostilbene Attenuates Cocultured BV-2 Microglial Inflammation-Mediated SH-SY5Y Neuronal Oxidative Injury via SIRT-1 Signalling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3986348. [PMID: 32831997 PMCID: PMC7426790 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3986348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglial inflammation plays an important part in the progression of multiple neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, depression, and traumatic encephalopathy. Here, we aimed to explore the role of pterostilbene (PTE) in the microglial inflammatory response and subsequent damage of cocultured neural cells and partially explain the underlying mechanisms. In the coculture system of lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 microglia and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma, PTE (only given to BV-2) exhibited protection on SH-SY5Y cells, evidenced by improved SH-SY5Y morphology and viability and LDH release. It also attenuated SH-SY5Y apoptosis and oxidative stress, evidenced by TUNEL and DCFH-DA staining, as well as MDA, SOD, and GSH levels. Moreover, PTE upregulated SIRT-1 expression and suppressed acetylation of NF-κB p65 subunit in BV-2 microglia, thus decreasing the inflammatory factors, including TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, the effects above were reversed by SIRT-1 inhibitor EX527. These results suggest that PTE reduces the microglia-mediated inflammatory response and alleviates subsequent neuronal apoptosis and oxidative injury via increasing SIRT-1 expression and inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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50
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Yang Q, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Luo Y, Shen Y, Shao A. Will Sirtuins Be Promising Therapeutic Targets for TBI and Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:791. [PMID: 32848564 PMCID: PMC7411228 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, induces mechanical, persistent structural, and metabolic abnormalities in neurons and other brain-resident cells. The key pathological features of TBI include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These pathological processes persist for a period of time after TBIs. Sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases and mono-ADP-ribosyl transferases. The mammalian sirtuin family has seven members, referred to as Sirtuin (SIRT) 1-7. Accumulating evidence suggests that SIRT1 and SIRT3 play a neuroprotective role in TBI. Although the evidence is scant, considering the involvement of SIRT2, 4-7 in other brain injury models, they may also intervene in similar pathophysiology in TBI. Neurodegenerative diseases are generally accepted sequelae of TBI. It was found that TBI and neurodegenerative diseases have many similarities and overlaps in pathological features. Besides, sirtuins play some unique roles in some neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we propose that sirtuins might be a promising therapeutic target for both TBI and associated neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we review the neuroprotective effects of sirtuins on TBI as well as related neurodegeneration and discuss the therapeutic potential of sirtuin modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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