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Imbriglio T, Alborghetti M, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Nicoletti F, Cannella M. Up-regulation of the Trace Amine Receptor, TAAR-1, in the Prefrontal Cortex of Individuals Affected by Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:374-381. [PMID: 37897399 PMCID: PMC10919763 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Type-1 trace amine-associated receptors (TAAR1) modulate dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission and are targeted by novel antipsychotic drugs. We hypothesized that schizophrenia (SCZ) causes adaptive changes in TAAR1 expression in the prefrontal cortex. STUDY DESIGN We measured TAAR1 mRNA and protein levels by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting in post-mortem prefrontal cortical samples obtained from 23 individuals affected by SCZ and 23 non-schizophrenic controls (CTRL). Data were correlated with a number of variables in both groups. STUDY RESULTS TAAR1 mRNA levels were largely increased in the SCZ prefrontal cortex, and did not correlate with age, age at onset and duration of SCZ, or duration of antipsychotic treatment. For the analysis of TAAR1 protein levels, CTRL and SCZ were divided into 2 subgroups, distinguished by the extent of neuropathological burden. CTRL with low neuropathological burden (LNB) had lower TAAR1 protein levels than CTRL with high neuropathological burden (HNB), whereas no changes were found between LNB and HNB in the SCZ group. TAAR1 protein levels were lower in CTRL with LNB with respect to all SCZ samples or to SCZ samples with LNB. In the SCZ group, levels showed an inverse correlation with the duration of antipsychotic treatment and were higher in individuals treated with second-generation antipsychotics as compared with those treated with first-generation antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS The up-regulation of TAAR1 observed in the SCZ prefrontal cortex supports the development of TAAR1 agonists as new promising drugs in the treatment of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Imbriglio
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Marika Alborghetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Bruno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Cannella
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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Dogra S, Putnam J, Conn PJ. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 as a potential therapeutic target for psychiatric and neurological disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 221:173493. [PMID: 36402243 PMCID: PMC9729465 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and abnormalities in the glutamatergic system underlie various CNS disorders. As metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu3 receptor) regulates glutamatergic transmission in various brain areas, emerging literature suggests that targeting mGlu3 receptors can be a novel approach to the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders. For example, mGlu3 receptor negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) induce rapid antidepressant-like effects in both acute and chronic stress models. Activation of mGlu3 receptors can enhance cognition in the rodents modeling schizophrenia-like pathophysiology. The mGlu3 receptors expressed in the astrocytes induce neuroprotective effects. Although polymorphisms in GRM3 have been shown to be associated with addiction, there is not significant evidence about the efficacy of mGlu3 receptor ligands in rodent models of addiction. Collectively, drugs targeting mGlu3 receptors may provide an alternative approach to fill the unmet clinical need for safer and more efficacious therapeutics for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dogra
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jason Putnam
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Matrone M, Kotzalidis GD, Romano A, Bozzao A, Cuomo I, Valente F, Gabaglio C, Lombardozzi G, Trovini G, Amici E, Perrini F, De Persis S, Iasevoli F, De Filippis S, de Bartolomeis A. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Addressing white matter integrity, intracortical glutamate levels, clinical and cognitive profiles between early- and adult-onset patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110493. [PMID: 34883221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment-resistance in schizophrenia is 30-40%. Its neurobiology remains unclear; to explore it, we conducted a combined spectrometry/tractography/cognitive battery and psychopathological rating study on patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), dividing the sample into early-onset (N = 21) and adult-onset TRS (N = 20). Previous studies did not differentiate between early- (onset 13-18 years) and adult-onset (>18 years at formal diagnosis of schizophrenia) TRS. METHODS We evaluated cross-sectionally 41 TRS patients (26 male and 15 female) and 20 matched healthy controls (HCs) with psychopathological and cognitive testing prior to participating in brain imaging scanning using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging to determine the relationship between their symptoms and their glutamate levels and white matter integrity. RESULTS TRS patients scored lower than HCs on all cognitive domains; early-onset patients performed better than adult-onset patients only on the Symbol Coding domain. TRS correlated with symptom severity, especially negative symptoms. Glutamate levels and glutamate/creatine were increased in anterior cingulate cortex. Diffusion tensor imaging showed low fractional anisotropy in TRS patients in specific white matter tracts compared to HCs (bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, cortico-spinal tract, forceps minor, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and right uncinate fasciculus). CONCLUSIONS We identified specific magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging alterations in TRS patients. Adult-onset TRS differed little from early-onset TRS on most measures; this points to alterations being present since the outset of schizophrenia and may constitute a biological signature of treatment-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matrone
- Section of Psychiatry Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- NESMOS (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Romano
- NESMOS (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bozzao
- NESMOS (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Cuomo
- UOC SM I Distretto ASL ROMA 1, C.C. Regina Cœli, Via della Lungara 29, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Valente
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy; Department of Human Neurosciences, Institute of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gabaglio
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Ginevra Lombardozzi
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Giada Trovini
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Emanuela Amici
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Filippo Perrini
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy; UOC SMREE Distretto ASL ROMA 6, TSMREE, Via S. Biagio, 12, 00049, Velletri, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone De Persis
- UOSD Attività Terapeutiche Riabilitative per i Disturbi da uso di Sostanze e nuove Dipendenze, ASL Rieti, Via Salaria per Roma 36, 02100 Rieti, Italy.
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Sergio De Filippis
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Imbriglio T, Verhaeghe R, Antenucci N, Maccari S, Battaglia G, Nicoletti F, Cannella M. Developmental up-regulation of NMDA receptors in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mGlu5 receptor knock-out mice. Mol Brain 2021; 14:77. [PMID: 33962661 PMCID: PMC8106212 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors are highly expressed and functional in the early postnatal life, and are known to positively modulate NMDA receptor function. Here, we examined the expression of NMDA receptor subunits and interneuron-related genes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mGlu5-/- mice and wild-type littermates at three developmental time points (PND9, - 21, and - 75). We were surprised to find that expression of all NMDA receptor subunits was greatly enhanced in mGlu5-/- mice at PND21. In contrast, at PND9, expression of the GluN2B subunit was enhanced, whereas expression of GluN2A and GluN2D subunits was reduced in both regions. These modifications were transient and disappeared in the adult life (PND75). Changes in the transcripts of interneuron-related genes (encoding parvalbumin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, reelin, and the two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase) were also observed in mGlu5-/- mice across postnatal development. For example, the transcript encoding parvalbumin was up-regulated in the prefrontal cortex of mGlu5-/- mice at PND9 and PND21, whereas it was significantly reduced at PND75. These findings suggest that in mGlu5-/- mice a transient overexpression of NMDA receptor subunits may compensate for the lack of the NMDA receptor partner, mGlu5. Interestingly, in mGlu5-/- mice the behavioral response to the NMDA channel blocker, MK-801, was significantly increased at PND21, and largely reduced at PND75. The impact of adaptive changes in the expression of NMDA receptor subunits should be taken into account when mGlu5-/- mice are used for developmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nico Antenucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", University Sapienza of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", University Sapienza of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", University Sapienza of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", University Sapienza of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Mascio G, Bucci D, Notartomaso S, Liberatore F, Antenucci N, Scarselli P, Imbriglio T, Caruso S, Gradini R, Cannella M, Di Menna L, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Nicoletti F. Perineuronal nets are under the control of type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptors in the developing somatosensory cortex. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:109. [PMID: 33597513 PMCID: PMC7889908 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors are highly functional in the early postnatal life, and regulate developmental plasticity of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons in the cerebral cortex. PV+ cells are enwrapped by perineuronal nets (PNNs) at the closure of critical windows of cortical plasticity. Changes in PNNs have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. We found that the number of Wisteria Fluoribunda Agglutinin (WFA)+ PNNs and the density of WFA+/PV+ cells were largely increased in the somatosensory cortex of mGlu5-/- mice at PND16. An increased WFA+ PNN density was also observed after pharmacological blockade of mGlu5 receptors in the first two postnatal weeks. The number of WFA+ PNNs in mGlu5-/- mice was close to a plateau at PND16, whereas continued to increase in wild-type mice, and there was no difference between the two genotypes at PND21 and PND60. mGlu5-/- mice at PND16 showed increases in the transcripts of genes involved in PNN formation and a reduced expression and activity of type-9 matrix metalloproteinase in the somatosensory cortex suggesting that mGlu5 receptors control both PNN formation and degradation. Finally, unilateral whisker stimulation from PND9 to PND16 enhanced WFA+ PNN density in the contralateral somatosensory cortex only in mGlu5+/+ mice, whereas whisker trimming from PND9 to PND16 reduced WFA+ PNN density exclusively in mGlu5-/- mice, suggesting that mGlu5 receptors shape the PNN response to sensory experience. These findings disclose a novel undescribed mechanism of PNN regulation, and lay the groundwork for the study of mGlu5 receptors and PNNs in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Mascio
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Domenico Bucci
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | | | - Nico Antenucci
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Caruso
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Gradini
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Cannella
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Luisa Di Menna
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Valeria Bruno
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy ,grid.7841.aDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy ,grid.7841.aDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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