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Völkers M, Preiss T, Hentze MW. RNA-binding proteins in cardiovascular biology and disease: the beat goes on. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:361-378. [PMID: 38163813 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac development and function are becoming increasingly well understood from different angles, including signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. By contrast, the importance of the post-transcriptional landscape of cardiac biology largely remains to be uncovered, building on the foundation of a few existing paradigms. The discovery during the past decade of hundreds of additional RNA-binding proteins in mammalian cells and organs, including the heart, is expected to accelerate progress and has raised intriguing possibilities for better understanding the intricacies of cardiac development, metabolism and adaptive alterations. In this Review, we discuss the progress and new concepts on RNA-binding proteins and RNA biology and appraise them in the context of common cardiovascular clinical conditions, from cell and organ-wide perspectives. We also discuss how a better understanding of cardiac RNA-binding proteins can fill crucial knowledge gaps in cardiology and might pave the way to developing better treatments to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Völkers
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg and Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Preiss
- Shine-Dalgarno Centre for RNA Innovation, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthias W Hentze
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Zygmunciak P, Stróżna K, Błażowska O, Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska B. Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy-State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6117. [PMID: 38892303 PMCID: PMC11172920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the most deadly and cost-driving effects of diabetes mellitus (DM). One of them, which is steadily attracting attention among scientists, is diabetes-induced heart failure, also known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Despite significant progress in the research concerning the disease, a universally accepted definition is still lacking. The pathophysiology of the processes accelerating heart insufficiency in diabetic patients on molecular and cellular levels also remains elusive. However, the recent interest concerning extracellular vesicles (EVs) has brought promise to further clarifying the pathological events that lead to DCM. In this review, we sum up recent investigations on the involvement of EVs in DCM and show their therapeutic and indicatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Stróżna
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Z.)
| | - Olga Błażowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Z.)
| | - Beata Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka St. 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Chen R, Zhang H, Tang B, Luo Y, Yang Y, Zhong X, Chen S, Xu X, Huang S, Liu C. Macrophages in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:130. [PMID: 38816371 PMCID: PMC11139930 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response holds a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease development. As multifunctional cells of the innate immune system, macrophages play an essential role in initial inflammatory response that occurs following cardiovascular injury, thereby inducing subsequent damage while also facilitating recovery. Meanwhile, the diverse phenotypes and phenotypic alterations of macrophages strongly associate with distinct types and severity of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, valvular disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atherosclerosis and aneurysm, which underscores the importance of investigating macrophage regulatory mechanisms within the context of specific diseases. Besides, recent strides in single-cell sequencing technologies have revealed macrophage heterogeneity, cell-cell interactions, and downstream mechanisms of therapeutic targets at a higher resolution, which brings new perspectives into macrophage-mediated mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Remarkably, myocardial fibrosis, a prevalent characteristic in most cardiac diseases, remains a formidable clinical challenge, necessitating a profound investigation into the impact of macrophages on myocardial fibrosis within the context of cardiac diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize the diverse phenotypic and functional plasticity of macrophages in regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and unprecedented insights introduced by single-cell sequencing technologies, with a focus on different causes and characteristics of diseases, especially the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis in cardiac diseases (myocardial infarction, pressure overload, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiac aging) and the relationship between inflammation and vascular injury in vascular diseases (atherosclerosis and aneurysm). Finally, we also highlight the preclinical/clinical macrophage targeting strategies and translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Botao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Sifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xinjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Shengkang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Canzhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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4
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Acharya P, Parkins S, Tranter M. RNA binding proteins as mediators of pathological cardiac remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1368097. [PMID: 38818408 PMCID: PMC11137256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1368097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a central in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, which can account for up to 50% of all variations in protein expression within a cell. Following their binding to target RNAs, RBPs most typically confer changes in gene expression through modulation of alternative spicing, RNA stabilization/degradation, or ribosome loading/translation rate. All of these post-transcriptional regulatory processes have been shown to play a functional role in pathological cardiac remodeling, and a growing body of evidence is beginning to identify the mechanistic contribution of individual RBPs and their cardiac RNA targets. This review highlights the mechanisms of RBP-dependent post-transcriptional gene regulation in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts and our current understanding of how RNA binding proteins functionally contribute to pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Acharya
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sharon Parkins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael Tranter
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Zhang S, Zhu X, Chen Y, Wen Z, Shi P, Ni Q. The role and therapeutic potential of macrophages in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393392. [PMID: 38774880 PMCID: PMC11106398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the critical role played by macrophages and their underlying mechanisms in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). It begins by discussing the origins and diverse subtypes of macrophages, elucidating their spatial distribution and modes of intercellular communication, thereby emphasizing their significance in the pathogenesis of DCM. The review then delves into the intricate relationship between macrophages and the onset of DCM, particularly focusing on the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms employed by macrophages in the context of DCM condition. Additionally, the review discusses various therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting macrophages to manage DCM. It specifically highlights the potential of natural food components in alleviating diabetic microvascular complications and examines the modulatory effects of existing hypoglycemic drugs on macrophage activity. These findings, summarized in this review, not only provide fresh insights into the role of macrophages in diabetic microvascular complications but also offer valuable guidance for future therapeutic research and interventions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhige Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Abdelsam SS, Ghanem SK, Zahid MA, Abunada HH, Bader L, Raïq H, Khan A, Parray A, Djouhri L, Agouni A. Human antigen R: Exploring its inflammatory response impact and significance in cardiometabolic disorders. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31229. [PMID: 38426269 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in the regulation of posttranscriptional RNA networks, which can undergo dysregulation in many pathological conditions. Human antigen R (HuR) is a highly researched RBP that plays a crucial role as a posttranscriptional regulator. HuR plays a crucial role in the amplification of inflammatory signals by stabilizing the messenger RNA of diverse inflammatory mediators and key molecular players. The noteworthy correlations between HuR and its target molecules, coupled with the remarkable impacts reported on the pathogenesis and advancement of multiple diseases, position HuR as a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in diverse inflammatory conditions. This review article examines the significance of HuR as a member of the RBP family, its regulatory mechanisms, and its implications in the pathophysiology of inflammation and cardiometabolic illnesses. Our objective is to illuminate potential directions for future research and drug development by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing body of research on HuR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahenda Salah Abdelsam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah Khalaf Ghanem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Ammar Zahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan H Abunada
- Office of Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Loulia Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hicham Raïq
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Office of Vice President for Medical & Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Kang Y, Wu W, Yang Y, Luo J, Lu Y, Yin L, Cui X. Progress in extracellular vesicle homeostasis as it relates to cardiovascular diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01027-w. [PMID: 38687443 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in both physiological and pathological processes in many organ systems and are essential in mediating intercellular communication and maintaining organismal homeostasis. It is helpful to propose new strategies for disease treatment by elucidating the mechanisms of EV release and sorting. An increasing number of studies have shown that there is specific homeostasis in EVs, which is helpful for the human body to carry out physiological activities. In contrast, an EV homeostasis im-balance promotes or accelerates disease onset and development. Alternatively, regulating the quality of EVs can maintain homeostasis and even achieve the purpose of treating conditions. An analysis of the role of EV homeostasis in the onset and development of cardiovascular disease is presented in this review. This article also summarizes the methods that regulate EV homeostasis and their application in cardiovascular diseases. In particular, this study focuses on the connection between EV steady states and the cardiovascular system and the potential value of EVs in treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Kang
- College of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Wu
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jinxi Luo
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Lu
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Luchang Yin
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China.
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China.
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Pang JL, Shao H, Xu XG, Lin ZW, Chen XY, Chen JY, Mou XZ, Hu PY. Targeted drug delivery of engineered mesenchymal stem/stromal-cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease: recent trends and future perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1363742. [PMID: 38558788 PMCID: PMC10978787 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1363742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, stem cells and their secretomes, notably exosomes, have received considerable attention in biomedical applications. Exosomes are cellular secretomes used for intercellular communication. They perform the function of intercellular messengers by facilitating the transport of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and therapeutic substances. Their biocompatibility, minimal immunogenicity, targetability, stability, and engineerable characteristics have additionally led to their application as drug delivery vehicles. The therapeutic efficacy of exosomes can be improved through surface modification employing functional molecules, including aptamers, antibodies, and peptides. Given their potential as targeted delivery vehicles to enhance the efficiency of treatment while minimizing adverse effects, exosomes exhibit considerable promise. Stem cells are considered advantageous sources of exosomes due to their distinctive characteristics, including regenerative and self-renewal capabilities, which make them well-suited for transplantation into injured tissues, hence promoting tissue regeneration. However, there are notable obstacles that need to be addressed, including immune rejection and ethical problems. Exosomes produced from stem cells have been thoroughly studied as a cell-free strategy that avoids many of the difficulties involved with cell-based therapy for tissue regeneration and cancer treatment. This review provides an in-depth summary and analysis of the existing knowledge regarding exosomes, including their engineering and cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Liang Pang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Shao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Xu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Lin
- Zhejiang Healthfuture Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yang Chen
- Zhejiang Healthfuture Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yang Hu
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Omoto ACM, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Hall JE, Mouton AJ. Immunometabolism, extracellular vesicles and cardiac injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1331284. [PMID: 38260141 PMCID: PMC10800986 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1331284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence from our lab and others suggests that metabolic reprogramming of immune cells drives changes in immune cell phenotypes along the inflammatory-to-reparative spectrum and plays a critical role in mediating the inflammatory responses to cardiac injury (e.g. hypertension, myocardial infarction). However, the factors that drive metabolic reprogramming in immune cells are not fully understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized for their ability to transfer cargo such as microRNAs from remote sites to influence cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are implicated in the majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases, can skew production of EVs toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes. In this mini-review, we discuss the mechanisms by which EVs may influence immune cell metabolism during cardiac injury and factors associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome that can disrupt normal EV function. We also discuss potential sources of cardio-protective and anti-inflammatory EVs, such as brown adipose tissue. Finally, we discuss implications for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alan J. Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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Hsieh HH, Chu PA, Lin YH, Kao YCJ, Chung YH, Hsu ST, Mo JM, Wu CY, Peng SL. Imaging diabetic cardiomyopathy in a type 1 diabetic rat model using 18F-FEPPA PET. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 128-129:108878. [PMID: 38324923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic patients often experience chronic inflammation and fibrosis in their cardiac tissues, highlighting the pressing need for the development of sensitive diagnostic methods for longitudinal assessment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study aims to evaluate the significance of an inflammatory marker known as translocator protein (TSPO) in a positron emission tomography (PET) protocol for longitudinally monitoring cardiac dysfunction in a diabetic animal model. Additionally, we compared the commonly used radiotracer, 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG). METHODS Fourteen 7-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Longitudinal PET experiments were conducted using 18F-N-2-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl)-N-(4-phenoxypyridin-3-yl)acetamide (18F-FEPPA) (n = 3), the TSPO radiotracer, and 18F-FDG (n = 3), both before and after the onset of diabetes. Histological and immunohistochemical staining assays were also conducted in both the control (n = 4) and diabetes (n = 4) groups. RESULTS Results indicated a significant increase in cardiac tissue uptake of 18F-FEPPA after the onset of diabetes (P < 0.05), aligning with elevated TSPO levels observed in diabetic animals according to histological data. Conversely, the uptake of 18F-FDG in cardiac tissue significantly decreased after the onset of diabetes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that 18F-FEPPA can function as a sensitive probe for detecting chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the cardiac tissues of diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-An Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Jill Kao
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Hsu
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Min Mo
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Zhang Z, Zou Y, Song C, Cao K, Cai K, Chen S, Wu Y, Geng D, Sun G, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y. Advances in the study of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00402-2. [PMID: 38123019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death worldwide for many years. In recent years, exosomes have gained extensive attention in the cardiovascular system due to their excellent biocompatibility. Studies have extensively researched miRNAs in exosomes and found that they play critical roles in various physiological and pathological processes in the cardiovascular system. These processes include promoting or inhibiting inflammatory responses, promoting angiogenesis, participating in cell proliferation and migration, and promoting pathological progression such as fibrosis. AIM OF REVIEW This systematic review examines the role of exosomes in various cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure and cardiomyopathy. It also presents the latest treatment and prevention methods utilizing exosomes. The study aims to provide new insights and approaches for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases by exploring the relationship between exosomes and these conditions. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the potential clinical use of exosomes as biomarkers for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles surrounded by lipid bilayers that are secreted by most cells in the body. They are heterogeneous, varying in size and composition, with a diameter typically ranging from 40 to 160 nm. Exosomes serve as a means of information communication between cells, carrying various biologically active substances, including lipids, proteins, and small RNAs such as miRNAs and lncRNAs. As a result, they participate in both physiological and pathological processes within the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine, China Medical University, National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Amirzadeh Gougheri K, Ahmadi A, Ahmadabadi MG, Babajani A, Yazdanpanah G, Bahrami S, Hassani M, Niknejad H. Exosomal Cargo: Pro-angiogeneic, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative effects in ischemic and non-ischemic heart diseases - A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115801. [PMID: 37918257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases are the primary cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide which inflict a heavy social and economic burden. Among heart diseases, most deaths are due to myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack, which occurs when a decrement in blood flow to the heart causes injury to cardiac tissue. Despite several available diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic approaches, heart disease remains a significant concern. Exosomes are a kind of small extracellular vesicles released by different types of cells that play a part in intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules important in regenerative medicine. Many studies have reported the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic role of exosomes in various heart diseases. Herein, we reviewed the roles of exosomes as new emerging agents in various types of heart diseases, including ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and valvular disease, focusing on pathogenesis, therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic roles in different areas. We have also mentioned different routes of exosome delivery to target tissues, the effects of preconditioning and modification on exosome's capability, exosome production in compliance with good manufacturing practice (GMP), and their ongoing clinical applications in various medical contexts to shed light on possible clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsar Amirzadeh Gougheri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC 648, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Hassani
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Guo C, Ji W, Yang W, Deng Q, Zheng T, Wang Z, Sui W, Zhai C, Yu F, Xi B, Yu X, Xu F, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Kong J, Zhang M, Zhang C. NKRF in Cardiac Fibroblasts Protects against Cardiac Remodeling Post-Myocardial Infarction via Human Antigen R. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303283. [PMID: 37667861 PMCID: PMC10602562 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are abundant in the heart and are responsible for cardiac repair post-MI. NF-κB-repressing factor (NKRF) plays a significant role in the transcriptional inhibition of various specific genes. However, the NKRF action mechanism in CFs remains unclear in cardiac repair post-MI. This study investigates the NKRF mechanism in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction post-MI by establishing a CF-specific NKRF-knockout (NKRF-CKO) mouse model. NKRF expression is downregulated in CFs in response to pathological cardiac remodeling in vivo and TNF-α in vitro. NKRF-CKO mice demonstrate worse cardiac function and survival and increased infarct size, heart weight, and MMP2 and MMP9 expression post-MI compared with littermates. NKRF inhibits CF migration and invasion in vitro by downregulating MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Mechanistically, NKRF inhibits human antigen R (HuR) transcription by binding to the classical negative regulatory element within the HuR promoter via an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. This decreases HuR-targeted Mmp2 and Mmp9 mRNA stability. This study suggests that NKRF is a therapeutic target for pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghu Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of UltrasonographyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan250014China
| | - Wei Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Qiming Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Tengfei Zheng
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Zunzhe Wang
- Department of Geriatric CardiologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan250021China
| | - Wenhai Sui
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Chungang Zhai
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Fangpu Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of EducationDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency MedicineChest Pain CenterShandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care MedicineQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Jing Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical UniversityCentral Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan250013China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing TheoryThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of EducationChinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan250012China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical UniversityCentral Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan250013China
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14
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Liu B, Nguyen PL, Yu H, Li X, Wang H, Price J, Niu M, Guda C, Cheng X, Sun X, Moreau R, Ramer-Tait A, Naldrett MJ, Alvarez S, Yu J. Critical contributions of protein cargos to the functions of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:352. [PMID: 37770932 PMCID: PMC10537535 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are highly plastic innate immune cells that play key roles in host defense, tissue repair, and homeostasis maintenance. In response to divergent stimuli, macrophages rapidly alter their functions and manifest a wide polarization spectrum with two extremes: M1 or classical activation and M2 or alternative activation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from differentially activated macrophages have been shown to have diverse functions, which are primarily attributed to their microRNA cargos. The role of protein cargos in these EVs remains largely unexplored. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the protein cargos in macrophage-derived EVs. RESULTS Naïve murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide or interlukin-4 to induce M1 or M2 macrophages, respectively. The proteins of EVs and their parental macrophages were subjected to quantitative proteomics analyses, followed by bioinformatic analyses. The enriched proteins of M1-EVs were involved in proinflammatory pathways and those of M2-EVs were associated with immunomodulation and tissue remodeling. The signature proteins of EVs shared a limited subset of the proteins of their respective progenitor macrophages, but they covered many of the typical pathways and functions of their parental cells, suggesting their respective M1-like and M2-like phenotypes and functions. Experimental examination validated that protein cargos in M1- or M2-EVs induced M1 or M2 polarization, respectively. More importantly, proteins in M1-EVs promoted viability, proliferation, and activation of T lymphocytes, whereas proteins in M2-EVs potently protected the tight junction structure and barrier integrity of epithelial cells from disruption. Intravenous administration of M2-EVs in colitis mice led to their accumulation in the colon, alleviation of colonic inflammation, promotion of M2 macrophage polarization, and improvement of gut barrier functions. Protein cargos in M2-EVs played a key role in their protective function in colitis. CONCLUSION This study has yielded a comprehensive unbiased dataset of protein cargos in macrophage-derived EVs, provided a systemic view of their potential functions, and highlighted the important engagement of protein cargos in the pathophysiological functions of these EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 230 Filley Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Phuong Linh Nguyen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 230 Filley Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 230 Filley Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Xingzhi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 230 Filley Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Huiren Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 230 Filley Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Jeffrey Price
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 260 Food Innovation Center, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 115 Food Innovation Center, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N158 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0665, USA
| | - Xinghui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N158 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0665, USA
| | - Regis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 316E Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Amanda Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 260 Food Innovation Center, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 115 Food Innovation Center, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Michael J Naldrett
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Sophie Alvarez
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jiujiu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 230 Filley Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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15
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Li N, Zhang T, Zhu L, Sun L, Shao G, Gao J. Recent Advances of Using Exosomes as Diagnostic Markers and Targeting Carriers for Cardiovascular Disease. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4354-4372. [PMID: 37566627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of human death worldwide. Exosomes act as endogenous biological vectors; they possess advantages of low immunogenicity and low safety risks, also providing tissue selectivity, including the inherent targeting the to heart. Therefore, exosomes not only have been applied as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic outcome confirmation but also showed potential as drug carriers for cardiovascular targeting delivery. This review aims to summarize the progress and challenges of exosomes as novel biomarkers, especially many novel exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and also provides an overview of the improved targeting functions of exosomes by unique engineered approaches, the latest developed administration methods, and the therapeutic effects of exosomes used as the biocarriers of medications for cardiovascular disease treatment. Also, the possible therapeutic mechanisms and the potentials for transferring exosomes to the clinic for CVD treatment are discussed. The advances, in vivo and in vitro applications, modifications, mechanisms, and challenges summarized in this review will provide a general understanding of this promising strategy for CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linwen Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
| | - Lebo Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
| | - Guofeng Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315041, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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16
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Laura Francés J, Pagiatakis C, Di Mauro V, Climent M. Therapeutic Potential of EVs: Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1907. [PMID: 37509546 PMCID: PMC10377624 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their different biological functions, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential from a therapeutic point of view. They are released by all cell types, carrying and delivering different kinds of biologically functional cargo. Under pathological events, cells can increase their secretion of EVs and can release different amounts of cargo, thus making EVs great biomarkers as indicators of pathological progression. Moreover, EVs are also known to be able to transport and deliver cargo to different recipient cells, having an important role in cellular communication. Interestingly, EVs have recently been explored as biological alternatives for the delivery of therapeutics, being considered natural drug delivery carriers. Because cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, in this review, we will discuss the up-to-date knowledge regarding the biophysical properties and biological components of EVs, focusing on myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, three very different types of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Pagiatakis
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Vittoria Di Mauro
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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17
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Sachse M, Tual-Chalot S, Ciliberti G, Amponsah-Offeh M, Stamatelopoulos K, Gatsiou A, Stellos K. RNA-binding proteins in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2023; 374:55-73. [PMID: 36759270 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the major cause of premature death and disability worldwide, even when patients with an established manifestation of atherosclerotic heart disease are optimally treated according to the clinical guidelines. Apart from the epigenetic control of transcription of the genetic information to messenger RNAs (mRNAs), gene expression is tightly controlled at the post-transcriptional level before the initiation of translation. Although mRNAs are traditionally perceived as the messenger molecules that bring genetic information from the nuclear DNA to the cytoplasmic ribosomes for protein synthesis, emerging evidence suggests that processes controlling RNA metabolism, driven by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), affect cellular function in health and disease. Over the recent years, vascular endothelial cell, smooth muscle cell and immune cell RBPs have emerged as key co- or post-transcriptional regulators of several genes related to vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide an overview of cell-specific function of RNA-binding proteins involved in all stages of ASCVD and how this knowledge may be used for the development of novel precision medicine therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sachse
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Giorgia Ciliberti
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, DZHK), Heidelberg/Mannheim Partner Site, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Amponsah-Offeh
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, DZHK), Heidelberg/Mannheim Partner Site, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Gatsiou
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, DZHK), Heidelberg/Mannheim Partner Site, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Manheim, Germany.
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18
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Wang H, Ye X, Spanos M, Wang H, Yang Z, Li G, Xiao J, Zhou L. Exosomal Non-Coding RNA Mediates Macrophage Polarization: Roles in Cardiovascular Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050745. [PMID: 37237557 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes are nanosized extracellular particles that contain proteins, DNA, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and other molecules, which are widely present in biofluids throughout the body. As a key mediator of intercellular communication, EVs transfer their cargoes to target cells and activate signaling transduction. Increasing evidence shows that ncRNA is involved in a variety of pathological and physiological processes through various pathways, particularly the inflammatory response. Macrophage, one of the body's "gatekeepers", plays a crucial role in inflammatory reactions. Generally, macrophages can be classified as pro-inflammatory type (M1) or anti-inflammatory type (M2) upon their phenotypes, a phenomenon termed macrophage polarization. Increasing evidence indicates that the polarization of macrophages plays important roles in the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the role of exosomal ncRNA in regulating macrophage polarization and the role of polarized macrophages as an important source of EV in CVD remains to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the role and molecular mechanisms of exosomal-ncRNA in regulating macrophage polarization during CVD development, focusing on their cellular origins, functional cargo, and their detailed effects on macrophage polarization. We also discuss the role of polarized macrophages and their derived EV in CVD as well as the therapeutic prospects of exosomal ncRNA in the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
| | - Xuan Ye
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Michail Spanos
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Huanxin Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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19
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Reiss AB, Ahmed S, Johnson M, Saeedullah U, De Leon J. Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease: From Mechanism to Therapeutic Target. Metabolites 2023; 13:479. [PMID: 37110138 PMCID: PMC10142472 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In recent decades, clinical research has made significant advances, resulting in improved survival and recovery rates for patients with CVD. Despite this progress, there is substantial residual CVD risk and an unmet need for better treatment. The complex and multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of CVD pose a challenge for researchers seeking effective therapeutic interventions. Consequently, exosomes have emerged as a new focus for CVD research because their role as intercellular communicators gives them the potential to act as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic nanocarriers. In the heart and vasculature, cell types such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, cardiac fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, and resident stem cells are involved in cardiac homeostasis via the release of exosomes. Exosomes encapsulate cell-type specific miRNAs, and this miRNA content fluctuates in response to the pathophysiological setting of the heart, indicating that the pathways affected by these differentially expressed miRNAs may be targets for new treatments. This review discusses a number of miRNAs and the evidence that supports their clinical relevance in CVD. The latest technologies in applying exosomal vesicles as cargo delivery vehicles for gene therapy, tissue regeneration, and cell repair are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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20
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Exosomes Derived from Adipose Stem Cells Enhance Bone Fracture Healing via the Activation of the Wnt3a/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054852. [PMID: 36902283 PMCID: PMC10003369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonunion and delayed union are common complications of diabetes mellitus that pose a serious health threat to people. There are many approaches that have been used to improve bone fracture healing. Recently, exosomes have been regarded as promising medical biomaterials for improving fracture healing. However, whether exosomes derived from adipose stem cells can promote bone fracture healing in diabetes mellitus remains unclear. In this study, adipose stem cells (ASCs) and exosomes derived from adipose stem cells (ASCs-exos) are isolated and identified. Additionally, we evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of ASCs-exos on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and bone repair and the regeneration in a rat model of nonunion via Western blotting, immunofluorescence assay, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, radiographic examination and histological analysis. Compared with controls, ASCs-exos promoted BMSC osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the results of Western blotting, radiographic examination and histological analysis show that ASCs-exos improve the ability for fracture repair in the rat model of nonunion bone fracture healing. Moreover, our results further proved that ASCs-exos play a role in activating the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway, which facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. All these results show that ASCs-exos enhance the osteogenic potential of BMSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and also facilitate the ability for bone repair and regeneration in vivo, which provides a novel direction for fracture nonunion in diabetes mellitus treatment.
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Sanganalmath SK, Dubey S, Veeranki S, Narisetty K, Krishnamurthy P. The interplay of inflammation, exosomes and Ca 2+ dynamics in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:37. [PMID: 36804872 PMCID: PMC9942322 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the prime risk factors for cardiovascular complications and is linked with high morbidity and mortality. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) often manifests as reduced cardiac contractility, myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and chronic heart failure. Inflammation, changes in calcium (Ca2+) handling and cardiomyocyte loss are often implicated in the development and progression of DCM. Although the existence of DCM was established nearly four decades ago, the exact mechanisms underlying this disease pathophysiology is constantly evolving. Furthermore, the complex pathophysiology of DCM is linked with exosomes, which has recently shown to facilitate intercellular (cell-to-cell) communication through biomolecules such as micro RNA (miRNA), proteins, enzymes, cell surface receptors, growth factors, cytokines, and lipids. Inflammatory response and Ca2+ signaling are interrelated and DCM has been known to adversely affect many of these signaling molecules either qualitatively and/or quantitatively. In this literature review, we have demonstrated that Ca2+ regulators are tightly controlled at different molecular and cellular levels during various biological processes in the heart. Inflammatory mediators, miRNA and exosomes are shown to interact with these regulators, however how these mediators are linked to Ca2+ handling during DCM pathogenesis remains elusive. Thus, further investigations are needed to understand the mechanisms to restore cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis and function, and to serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Sanganalmath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA.
| | - Shubham Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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22
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Dwivedi M, Ghosh D, Saha A, Hasan S, Jindal D, Yadav H, Yadava A, Dwivedi M. Biochemistry of exosomes and their theranostic potential in human diseases. Life Sci 2023; 315:121369. [PMID: 36639052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are classified as special extracellular vesicles in the eukaryotic system having diameters ranging from 30 to 120 nm. These vesicles carry various endogenous molecules including DNA, mRNA, microRNA, circular RNA, and proteins, crucial for numerous metabolic reactions and can be proposed as therapeutic or diagnostic targets for several disorders. The donor exosomes release their content to recipient cells and further establish the significant intercellular communication showing biological effects by triggering environmental alterations. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal and dendritic cells have demonstrated their therapeutic potential against organ injury. Yet, various intricacies are involved in exosomal transport and its inclusion in cancer and other disease pathogenesis needs to be explored. The exosomes represent profound potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic carriers in various pathophysiological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, chronic cancers, infectious diseases, female reproductive diseases and cardiovascular diseases. In the current study, we demonstrate the advancements in the implication of exosomes as one of the irrefutable prognostic biological targets in human health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India.
| | - Diya Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anwesha Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saba Hasan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Divya Jindal
- Center for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Hitendra Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Anuradha Yadava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Medha Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
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23
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Haustein R, Trogisch FA, Keles M, Hille S, Fuhrmann M, Weinzierl N, Hemanna S, Thackeray J, Dou Y, Zwadlo C, Froese N, Cordero J, Bengel F, Müller OJ, Bauersachs J, Dobreva G, Heineke J. C1q and Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Protein 9 Protects from Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Alleviating Cardiac Insulin Resistance and Inflammation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030443. [PMID: 36766785 PMCID: PMC9914367 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major health problem worldwide. CTRP9, a secreted glycoprotein, is mainly expressed in cardiac endothelial cells and becomes downregulated in mouse models of diabetes mellitus; (2) Methods: In this study, we investigated the impact of CTRP9 on early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by 12 weeks of high-fat diet; (3) Results: While the lack of CTRP9 in knock-out mice aggravated insulin resistance and triggered diastolic left ventricular dysfunction, AAV9-mediated cardiac CTRP9 overexpression ameliorated cardiomyopathy under these conditions. At this early disease state upon high-fat diet, no fibrosis, no oxidative damage and no lipid deposition were identified in the myocardium of any of the experimental groups. Mechanistically, we found that CTRP9 is required for insulin-dependent signaling, cardiac glucose uptake in vivo and oxidative energy production in cardiomyocytes. Extensive RNA sequencing from myocardial tissue of CTRP9-overexpressing and knock-out as well as respective control mice revealed that CTRP9 acts as an anti-inflammatory mediator in the myocardium. Hence, CTRP9 knock-out exerted more, while CTRP9-overexpressing mice showed less leukocytes accumulation in the heart during high-fat diet; (4) Conclusions: In summary, endothelial-derived CTRP9 plays a prominent paracrine role to protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy and might constitute a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Haustein
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix A. Trogisch
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Merve Keles
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Hille
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuela Fuhrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nina Weinzierl
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shruthi Hemanna
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - James Thackeray
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yanliang Dou
- Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Zwadlo
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Natali Froese
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julio Cordero
- Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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24
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Green LC, Slone S, Anthony SR, Guarnieri AR, Parkins S, Shearer SM, Nieman ML, Roy S, Aube J, Wu X, Xu L, Kanisicak O, Tranter M. HuR-dependent expression of Wisp1 is necessary for TGFβ-induced cardiac myofibroblast activity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:38-46. [PMID: 36372279 PMCID: PMC9868076 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is regulated by the activation and phenotypic switching of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts to active myofibroblasts, which have extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and contractile functions which play a central role in cardiac remodeling in response to injury. Here, we show that expression and activity of the RNA binding protein HuR is increased in cardiac fibroblasts upon transformation to an active myofibroblast. Pharmacological inhibition of HuR significantly blunts the TGFβ-dependent increase in ECM remodeling genes, total collagen secretion, in vitro scratch closure, and collagen gel contraction in isolated primary cardiac fibroblasts, suggesting a suppression of TGFβ-induced myofibroblast activation upon HuR inhibition. We identified twenty-four mRNA transcripts that were enriched for HuR binding following TGFβ treatment via photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP). Eleven of these HuR-bound mRNAs also showed significant co-expression correlation with HuR, αSMA, and periostin in primary fibroblasts isolated from the ischemic-zone of infarcted mouse hearts. Of these, WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (Wisp1; Ccn4), was the most significantly associated with HuR expression in fibroblasts. Accordingly, we found Wisp1 expression to be increased in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from the ischemic-zone of mouse hearts following ischemia/reperfusion, and confirmed Wisp1 expression to be HuR-dependent in isolated fibroblasts. Finally, addition of exogenous recombinant Wisp1 partially rescued myofibroblast-induced collagen gel contraction following HuR inhibition, demonstrating that HuR-dependent Wisp1 expression plays a functional role in HuR-dependent MF activity downstream of TGFβ. In conclusion, HuR activity is necessary for the functional activation of primary cardiac fibroblasts in response to TGFβ, in part through post-transcriptional regulation of Wisp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Green
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Samuel Slone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sarah R Anthony
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Adrienne R Guarnieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sharon Parkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Shannon M Shearer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Michelle L Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sudeshna Roy
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Aube
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael Tranter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
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25
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Lucotti S, Kenific CM, Zhang H, Lyden D. Extracellular vesicles and particles impact the systemic landscape of cancer. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109288. [PMID: 36052513 PMCID: PMC9475536 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a heterogeneous class of secreted messengers that carry bioactive molecules and that have been shown to be crucial for this cell-cell communication. Here, we highlight the multifaceted roles of EVPs in cancer. Functionally, transfer of EVP cargo between cells influences tumor cell growth and invasion, alters immune cell composition and function, and contributes to stromal cell activation. These EVP-mediated changes impact local tumor progression, foster cultivation of pre-metastatic niches at distant organ-specific sites, and mediate systemic effects of cancer. Furthermore, we discuss how exploiting the highly selective enrichment of molecules within EVPs has profound implications for advancing diagnostic and prognostic biomarker development and for improving therapy delivery in cancer patients. Altogether, these investigations into the role of EVPs in cancer have led to discoveries that hold great promise for improving cancer patient care and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lucotti
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Candia M Kenific
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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26
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Mechanisms and Biomarker Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Stroke. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081231. [PMID: 36009857 PMCID: PMC9405035 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary A stroke occurs when there is a lack of blood flow to the brain. Stroke injures the brain and can have devastating outcomes depending on the size and location of the brain tissue affected. Currently, there are only a limited number of treatment options for stroke. Extracellular vesicles are small vesicles secreted by cells. Importantly, extracellular vesicles have specific markers indicating the cell they were released from and can pass from the brain into the blood. For these reasons, assessing extracellular vesicles in the blood may create a window into changes occurring in the brain. Assessing changes in extracellular vesicles in the blood during stroke may produce new insight into the cellular changes in the brain causing injury during stroke. This in turn may generate potential targets for the development of future treatments. We summarize what is known about changes in brain-cell-specific extracellular vesicles during stroke and stress the importance of continuing to study these changes. Abstract Stoke is a prevalent and devastating neurologic condition with limited options for therapeutic management. Since brain tissue is rarely accessible clinically, peripheral biomarkers for the central nervous system’s (CNS’s) cellular response to stroke may prove critical for increasing our understanding of stroke pathology and elucidating novel therapeutic targets. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived, membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by all cell types within the CNS that can freely pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and contain unique markers and content linked to their cell of origin. These unique qualities make brain-derived EVs novel candidates for non-invasive blood-based biomarkers of both cell specificity and cell physiological state during the progression of stroke and recovery. While studies are continuously emerging that are assessing the therapeutic potential of EVs and profiling EV cargo, a vast minority of these studies link EV content to specific cell types. A better understanding of cell-specific EV release during the acute, subacute, and chronic stages of stroke is needed to further elucidate the cellular processes responsible for stroke pathophysiology. Herein, we outline what is known about EV release from distinct cell types of the CNS during stroke and the potential of these EVs as peripheral biomarkers for cellular function in the CNS during stroke.
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27
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Chen X, Wu J, Li Z, Han J, Xia P, Shen Y, Ma J, Liu X, Zhang J, Yu P. Advances in The Study of RNA-binding Proteins in Diabetic Complications. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101515. [PMID: 35597446 PMCID: PMC9168169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that diabetes mellitus affects 435 million people globally as a primary health care problem. Despite many therapies available, many diabetes remains uncontrolled, giving rise to irreversible diabetic complications that pose significant risks to patients’ wellbeing and survival. Scope of Review In recent years, as much effort is put into elucidating the posttranscriptional gene regulation network of diabetes and diabetic complications; RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are found to be vital. RBPs regulate gene expression through various post-transcriptional mechanisms, including alternative splicing, RNA export, messenger RNA translation, RNA degradation, and RNA stabilization. Major Conclusions Here, we summarized recent studies on the roles and mechanisms of RBPs in mediating abnormal gene expression in diabetes and its complications. Moreover, we discussed the potential and theoretical basis of RBPs to treat diabetes and its complications. • Mechanisms of action of RBPs involved in diabetic complications are summarized and elucidated. • We discuss the theoretical basis and potential of RBPs for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. • We summarize the possible effective drugs for diabetes based on RBPs promoting the development of future therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiashu Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianyong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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28
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Ren Y, Yang M, Wang X, Xu B, Xu Z, Su B. ELAV-like RNA binding protein 1 regulates osteogenesis in diabetic osteoporosis: Involvement of divalent metal transporter 1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 546:111559. [PMID: 35051552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and occurs due to alterations in bone metabolism under hyperglycemic condition. ELAV-like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1) is abnormally up-regulated in diabetes-related diseases. Bioinformatics prediction indicates that divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a potential target of ELAVL1. To explore the role of ELAVL1 and the involvement of ELAVL1/DMT1 axis in DOP, we established a mouse model of DM by administration of high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin (STZ). The expression of ELAVL1 and DMT1 was increased in the bone tissues of DM mice. Knockdown of ELAVL1 reduced iron level and oxidative stress, promoted osteogensis, and prevented bone mass loss, thus mitigating DOP in DM mice. In vitro, mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with high glucose (25 mM) and ferric ammonium citrate (FAC, 200 μM). The inhibitory effects of ELAVL1 knockdown on iron accumulation and oxidative stress were evidenced in MC3T3-E1 cells. Knockdown of ELAVL1 enhanced osteoblast viability, differentiation and mineralization. Notably, the expression of DMT1 was positively correlated with that of ELAVL1 in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of DMT1 abolished the effect of ELAVL1 knockdown on the behaviors of MC3T3-E1 cells, suggesting that ELAVL1 might function through regulating DMT1. In conclusion, knockdown of ELAVL1 likely alleviated DOP by inhibiting iron overload and oxidative stress and promoting osteogenesis, and DMT1 might be involved in this process. These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of DOP and suggest a potential therapeutic target for DOP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The First Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Maowei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xindong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Buxuan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zerong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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29
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Erythropoietin promotes M2 macrophage phagocytosis of Schwann cells in peripheral nerve injury. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:245. [PMID: 35296651 PMCID: PMC8927417 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Following acute sciatic nerve crush injury (SNCI), inflammation and the improper phagocytic clearance of dying Schwann cells (SCs) has effects on remodeling that lead to morbidity and incomplete functional recovery. Therapeutic strategies like the use of erythropoietin (EPO) for peripheral nerve trauma may serve to bring immune cell phagocytotic clearance under control to support debris clearance. We evaluated EPO’s effect on SNCI and found EPO treatment increased myelination and sciatic functional index (SFI) and bolstered anti-apoptosis and phagocytosis of myelin debris via CD206+ macrophages when compared to saline treatment. EPO enhanced M2 phenotype activity, both in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMØs) and peritoneal-derived macrophages (PMØs) in vitro, as well as in PMØs in vivo. EPO increased efferocytosis of apoptotic sciatic nerve derived Schwann cells (SNSCs) in both settings as demonstrated using immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry. EPO treatment significantly attenuated pro-inflammatory genes (IL1β, iNOS, and CD68) and augmented anti-inflammatory genes (IL10 and CD163) and the cell-surface marker CD206. EPO also increased anti-apoptotic (Annexin V/7AAD) effects after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction in macrophages. Our data demonstrate EPO promotes the M2 phenotype macrophages to ameliorate apoptosis and efferocytosis of dying SCs and myelin debris and improves SN functional recovery following SNCI.
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30
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Glass DS, Grossfeld D, Renna HA, Agarwala P, Spiegler P, DeLeon J, Reiss AB. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Current and future treatment. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2022; 16:84-96. [PMID: 35001525 PMCID: PMC9060042 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fibrotic lung disease characterized by dry cough, fatigue, and progressive exertional dyspnea. Lung parenchyma and architecture is destroyed, compliance is lost, and gas exchange is compromised in this debilitating condition that leads inexorably to respiratory failure and death within 3–5 years of diagnosis. This review discusses treatment approaches to IPF in current use and those that appear promising for future development. Data Source The data were obtained from the Randomized Controlled Trials and scientific studies published in English literature. We used search terms related to IPF, antifibrotic treatment, lung transplant, and management. Results Etiopathogenesis of IPF is not fully understood, and treatment options are limited. Pathological features of IPF include extracellular matrix remodeling, fibroblast activation and proliferation, immune dysregulation, cell senescence, and presence of aberrant basaloid cells. The mainstay therapies are the oral antifibrotic drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib, which can improve quality of life, attenuate symptoms, and slow disease progression. Unilateral or bilateral lung transplantation is the only treatment for IPF shown to increase life expectancy. Conclusion Clearly, there is an unmet need for accelerated research into IPF mechanisms so that progress can be made in therapeutics toward the goals of increasing life expectancy, alleviating symptoms, and improving well‐being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Glass
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - David Grossfeld
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Heather A Renna
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Priya Agarwala
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Peter Spiegler
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Joshua DeLeon
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Allison B Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
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Dubey S, Dubey PK, Umeshappa CS, Ghebre YT, Krishnamurthy P. Inhibition of RUNX1 blocks the differentiation of lung fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2169-2182. [PMID: 35048404 PMCID: PMC9050824 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pathological fibrosis contributes to progression of various diseases, for which the therapeutic options are limited. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one such progressive and fatal interstitial fibrotic disease that is often characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins leading to stiff lung tissue and impaired gas exchange. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying IPF progression remain largely unknown. In this study, we determined the role of Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, in the differentiation of human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) in vitro and in an animal model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis. We observed that the expression of RUNX1 was significantly increased in the lungs of BLM-injected mice as compared to saline-treated mice. Furthermore, HLFs stimulated with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) showed significantly higher RUNX1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, and compartmentalization in the nucleus. Inhibition of RUNX1 in HLFs (using siRNA) showed a significant reduction in the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts as evidenced by reduced expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TGF-β and ECM proteins such as fibronectin 1 (FN1), and collagen 1A1 (COL1A1). Mechanistic studies revealed that the increased expression of RUNX1 in TGF-β-stimulated lung fibroblasts is due to enhanced mRNA stability of RUNX1 through selective interaction with the RNA-binding profibrotic protein, human antigen R (HuR). Collectively, our data demonstrate that increased expression of RUNX1 augments processes involved in lung fibrosis including the differentiation of fibroblasts into collagen-synthesizing myofibroblasts. Our study suggests that targeting RUNX1 could limit the progression of organ fibrosis in diseases characterized by abnormal collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Praveen K. Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Alabama USA
| | | | - Yohannes T. Ghebre
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza Houston Texas USA
- Department of Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza Houston Texas USA
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Alabama USA
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Zhu M, Wu J, Gao JQ. Exosomes for diabetes syndrome: ongoing applications and perspective. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2154-2171. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, ranking the ninth death cause in the world, is a kind of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Without timely and effective treatment, many ensuing complications involved with heart,...
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Zhu Y, Zha F, Tang B, Ji TT, Li XY, Feng L, Bai SJ. Exosomal hsa_circ_0125310 promotes cell proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via sponging miR-422a and targeting the IGF1R/p38 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:151-162. [PMID: 34854210 PMCID: PMC8742240 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still on the rise worldwide, and millions of patients have to be treated through dialysis or transplant because of kidney failure caused by DN. Recent reports have highlighted circRNAs in the treatment of DN. Herein, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by which high glucose‐induced exo‐circ_0125310 promotes diabetic nephropathy progression. circ_0125310 is highly expressed in diabetic nephropathy and exosomes isolated from high glucose‐induced mesangial cells (MCs). High glucose‐induced exosomes promote the proliferation and fibrosis of MCs. However, results showed that the effects of exosomes on MCs can be reversed by the knockdown of circ_0125310. miR‐422a, which targets IGF1R, was the direct target of circ_0125310. circ_0125310 regulated IGF1R/p38 axis by sponging miR‐422a. Exo‐circ_0125310 increased the luciferase activity of the WT‐IGF1R reporter in the dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays and upregulated the expression level of IGF1R and p38. Finally, in vivo research indicated that the overexpression of circ_0125310 promoted the diabetic nephropathy progression. Above results demonstrated that the high glucose‐induced exo‐circ_0125310 promoted cell proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via sponging miR‐422a and targeting the IGF1R/p38 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhong Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Jun Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Patil M, Saheera S, Dubey PK, Kahn-Krell A, Kumar Govindappa P, Singh S, Tousif S, Zhang Q, Lal H, Zhang J, Qin G, Krishnamurthy P. Novel Mechanisms of Exosome-Mediated Phagocytosis of Dead Cells in Injured Heart. Circ Res 2021; 129:1006-1020. [PMID: 34623174 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Sherin Saheera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Praveen K Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Asher Kahn-Krell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Prem Kumar Govindappa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Sarojini Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hind Lal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:383. [PMID: 34753929 PMCID: PMC8578673 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are closely related to a variety of biological and functional aspects of human health. When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissue-specific changes due to diverse internal or external disorders, they can cause tissue dysfunction, aging, and diseases. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in human diseases. In addition, we explore the current knowledge on the roles of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in human health and diseases, including cancers, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases, to determine their potential implication in biomarker identification and therapeutic exploration.
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Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112933. [PMID: 34831158 PMCID: PMC8616203 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the accumulation and composition of the extracellular matrix are part of the normal tissue repair process. During fibrosis, this process becomes dysregulated and excessive extracellular matrix alters the biomechanical properties and function of tissues involved. Historically fibrosis was thought to be progressive and irreversible; however, studies suggest that fibrosis is a dynamic process whose progression can be stopped and even reversed. This realization has led to an enhanced pursuit of therapeutic agents targeting fibrosis and extracellular matrix-producing cells. In many organs, fibroblasts are the primary cells that produce the extracellular matrix. In response to diverse mechanical and biochemical stimuli, these cells are activated or transdifferentiate into specialized cells termed myofibroblasts that have an enhanced capacity to produce extracellular matrix. It is clear that interactions between diverse cells of the heart are able to modulate fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Exosomes are a form of extracellular vesicle that play an important role in intercellular communication via the cargo that they deliver to target cells. While relatively recently discovered, exosomes have been demonstrated to play important positive and negative roles in the regulation of fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. These roles as well as efforts to engineer exosomes as therapeutic tools will be discussed.
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Jiang W, Xiong Y, Li X, Yang Y. Cardiac Fibrosis: Cellular Effectors, Molecular Pathways, and Exosomal Roles. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:715258. [PMID: 34485413 PMCID: PMC8415273 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.715258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, a common pathophysiologic process in most heart diseases, refers to an excess of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), which can lead to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure subsequently. Not only CFs but also several other cell types including macrophages and endothelial cells participate in the process of cardiac fibrosis via different molecular pathways. Exosomes, ranging in 30-150 nm of size, have been confirmed to play an essential role in cellular communications by their bioactive contents, which are currently a hot area to explore pathobiology and therapeutic strategy in multiple pathophysiologic processes including cardiac fibrosis. Cardioprotective factors such as RNAs and proteins packaged in exosomes make them an excellent cell-free system to improve cardiac function without significant immune response. Emerging evidence indicates that targeting selective molecules in cell-derived exosomes could be appealing therapeutic treatments in cardiac fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current understandings of cellular effectors, molecular pathways, and exosomal roles in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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38
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Tuleta I, Frangogiannis NG. Fibrosis of the diabetic heart: Clinical significance, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113904. [PMID: 34331987 PMCID: PMC8444077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In patients with diabetes, myocardial fibrosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure and arrhythmogenesis, increasing ventricular stiffness and delaying conduction. Diabetic myocardial fibrosis involves effects of hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance on cardiac fibroblasts, directly resulting in increased matrix secretion, and activation of paracrine signaling in cardiomyocytes, immune and vascular cells, that release fibroblast-activating mediators. Neurohumoral pathways, cytokines, growth factors, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and matricellular proteins have been implicated in diabetic fibrosis; however, the molecular links between the metabolic perturbations and activation of a fibrogenic program remain poorly understood. Although existing therapies using glucose- and lipid-lowering agents and neurohumoral inhibition may act in part by attenuating myocardial collagen deposition, specific therapies targeting the fibrotic response are lacking. This review manuscript discusses the clinical significance, molecular mechanisms and cell biology of diabetic cardiac fibrosis and proposes therapeutic targets that may attenuate the fibrotic response, preventing heart failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Tuleta
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
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39
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Zhang D, Wu Y, Li Z, Chen H, Huang S, Jian C, Yu A. MiR-144-5p, an exosomal miRNA from bone marrow-derived macrophage in type 2 diabetes, impairs bone fracture healing via targeting Smad1. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:226. [PMID: 34340698 PMCID: PMC8327443 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of nonunion and delayed union of fractures. Macrophages have been shown as a key player in diabetic complications. However, it remains obscure how diabetic milieu affects macrophage-derived exosomes and its implications on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In this study, we aim to define the impact of diabetic milieu on macrophage-derived exosomes, role of extracellular vesicles in intercellular communication with BMSCs, and subsequent effects on osteogenic differentiation and fracture repair. RESULTS The osteogenic potential and the ability of fracture repair of exosomes derived from diabetic bone marrow-derived macrophages (dBMDM-exos) were revealed to be lower, as compared with non-diabetic bone marrow-derived macrophages (nBMDM-exos) in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, miR-144-5p levels were sharply elevated in dBMDM-exos and it could be transferred into BMSCs to regulate bone regeneration by targeting Smad1. In addition, the adverse effects of dBMDM-exos on the osteogenic potential and the ability of fracture repair were reversed through the suppression of miR-144-5p inhibition in vitro and vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated an important role of exosomal miR-144-5p in bone regeneration, offering insight into developing new strategy for the improvement of fracture healing in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Zonghuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hairen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Jian
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
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Extracellular Vesicles in Organ Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Therapies, and Diagnostics. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071596. [PMID: 34202136 PMCID: PMC8305303 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the unrelenting deposition of excessively large amounts of insoluble interstitial collagen due to profound matrigenic activities of wound-associated myofibroblasts during chronic injury in diverse tissues and organs. It is a highly debilitating pathology that affects millions of people globally and leads to decreased function of vital organs and increased risk of cancer and end-stage organ disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced within the chronic wound environment have emerged as important vehicles for conveying pro-fibrotic signals between many of the cell types involved in driving the fibrotic response. On the other hand, EVs from sources such as stem cells, uninjured parenchymal cells, and circulation have in vitro and in vivo anti-fibrotic activities that have provided novel and much-needed therapeutic options. Finally, EVs in body fluids of fibrotic individuals contain cargo components that may have utility as fibrosis biomarkers, which could circumvent current obstacles to fibrosis measurement in the clinic, allowing fibrosis stage, progression, or regression to be determined in a manner that is accurate, safe, minimally-invasive, and conducive to repetitive testing. This review highlights the rapid and recent progress in our understanding of EV-mediated fibrotic pathogenesis, anti-fibrotic therapy, and fibrosis staging in the lung, kidney, heart, liver, pancreas, and skin.
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Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles: diverse mediators of pathology and therapeutics in multiple diseases. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:924. [PMID: 33116121 PMCID: PMC7595091 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) are primary innate immune cells that exhibit diverse functions in response to different pathogens or stimuli, and they are extensively involved in the pathology of various diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by live cells. As vital messengers, macrophage-derived EVs (Mφ-EVs) can transfer multiple types of bioactive molecules from macrophages to recipient cells, modulating the biological function of recipient cells. In recent years, Mφ-EVs have emerged as vital mediators not only in the pathology of multiple diseases such as inflammatory diseases, fibrosis and cancers, but also as mediators of beneficial effects in immunoregulation, cancer therapy, infectious defense, and tissue repair. Although many investigations have been performed to explore the diverse functions of Mφ-EVs in disease pathology and intervention, few studies have comprehensively summarized their detailed biological roles as currently understood. In this review, we briefly introduced an overview of macrophage and EV biology, and primarily focusing on current findings and future perspectives with respect to the pathological and therapeutic effects of Mφ-EVs in various diseases.
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Xia W, Chen H, Chen D, Ye Y, Xie C, Hou M. PD-1 inhibitor inducing exosomal miR-34a-5p expression mediates the cross talk between cardiomyocyte and macrophage in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac dysfunction. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001293. [PMID: 33115945 PMCID: PMC7594538 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been an important therapeutic advancement in the field of cancer medicine. Recent reports provided greater insights into the cardiovascular adverse events, which prohibited the use of ICIs. Cardiovascular adverse events occur in different forms, such as myocarditis and cardiomyopathy, myocardial fibrosis, heart failure and pericardial disease. Cardiac aging overlapped with the occurrence of some cardiac diseases. Exosomes mediate cell–cell cross talk in cardiac diseases by transferring a variety of biomolecules, including microRNAs (miRs). miR-34a-5p is a well-known miR associated with the cardiac senescence. This study aimed to investigate whether cardiovascular adverse effects of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, a widely used ICI, were related to exosomal-transferred miR-34a-5p in cardiac senescence in a mouse model. Methods and results The upregulation of miR-34a-5p in cardiomyocytes induced by exosomes derived from PD-1 inhibitor–treated macrophages, accompanied by cardiac senescence, caused cardiac injury in mouse hearts. miR-34a-5p was identified as an exosomal transfer RNA to induce cardiac senescence–related injury. Inhibiting miR-34a-5p in macrophages attenuated the exosomePD-1 inhibitor-induced pro-senescent effect in cardiomyocytes. TargetScan and luciferase assay showed that miR-34a-5p targeted the serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 10 (PNUTS) 3′-untranslated region. Conclusions Exosomes derived from PD-1 inhibitor–treated macrophages exerted a pro-senescent effect by modulating the miR-34a-5p/PNUTS signaling pathway. The findings might supply new targets to ameliorate cardiac injury in patients with cancer receiving PD-1 inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Xia
- Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Didi Chen
- Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijia Ye
- Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Congying Xie
- Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng Hou
- Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Roles and Clinical Applications of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5424281. [PMID: 32596327 PMCID: PMC7303764 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5424281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial improvements in therapeutic strategies, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane of endosomal origin, have been the focus of a large body of research in CVD. Exosomes not only serve as carriers for signal molecules responsible for intercellular and interorgan communication underlying CVD pathophysiology but also are bioactive agents which are partly responsible for the therapeutic effect of stem cell therapy of CVD. We here review recent insights gained into the role of exosomes in apoptosis, hypertrophy, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation in CVD pathophysiology and progression and the application and mechanisms of exosomes as therapeutic agents for CVD.
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Shi C, Xie H, Ma Y, Yang Z, Zhang J. Nanoscale Technologies in Highly Sensitive Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:531. [PMID: 32582663 PMCID: PMC7289988 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and morbidity in the world and are a major contributor to healthcare costs. Although enormous progress has been made in diagnosing CVD, there is an urgent need for more efficient early detection and the development of novel diagnostic tools. Currently, CVD diagnosis relies primarily on clinical symptoms based on molecular imaging (MOI) or biomarkers associated with CVDs. However, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the assay are still challenging for early-stage CVDs. Nanomaterial platform has been identified as a promising candidate for improving the practical usage of diagnostic tools because of their unique physicochemical properties. In this review article, we introduced cardiac biomarkers and imaging techniques that are currently used for CVD diagnosis. We presented the applications of various nanotechnologies on diagnosis within cardiac immunoassays (CIAs) and molecular imaging. We also summarized and compared different cardiac immunoassays based on their sensitivities and working ranges of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohong Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, China
| | - Haotian Xie
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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