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Iqbal T, Nakagawa T. The therapeutic perspective of NAD + precursors in age-related diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149590. [PMID: 38340651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is the fundamental molecule that performs numerous biological reactions and is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Studies have found that NAD+ decreases with age in certain tissues, and age-related NAD+ depletion affects physiological functions and contributes to various aging-related diseases. Supplementation of NAD+ precursor significantly elevates NAD+ levels in murine tissues, effectively mitigates metabolic syndrome, enhances cardiovascular health, protects against neurodegeneration, and boosts muscular strength. Despite the versatile therapeutic functions of NAD+ in animal studies, the efficacy of NAD+ precursors in clinical studies have been limited compared with that in the pre-clinical study. Clinical studies have demonstrated that NAD+ precursor treatment efficiently increases NAD+ levels in various tissues, though their clinical proficiency is insufficient to ameliorate the diseases. However, the latest studies regarding NAD+ precursors and their metabolism highlight the significant role of gut microbiota. The studies found that orally administered NAD+ intermediates interact with the gut microbiome. These findings provide compelling evidence for future trials to further explore the involvement of gut microbiota in NAD+ metabolism. Also, the reduced form of NAD+ precursor shows their potential to raise NAD+, though preclinical studies have yet to discover their efficacy. This review sheds light on NAD+ therapeutic efficiency in preclinical and clinical studies and the effect of the gut microbiota on NAD+ metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Iqbal
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Research Center for Pre-Disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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2
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Thompson LP, Song H, Hartnett J. Nicotinamide Riboside, an NAD + Precursor, Protects Against Cardiac Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Fetal Guinea Pigs Exposed to Gestational Hypoxia. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:975-986. [PMID: 37957471 PMCID: PMC10959782 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Gestational hypoxia inhibits mitochondrial function in the fetal heart and placenta contributing to fetal growth restriction and organ dysfunction. NAD + deficiency may contribute to a metabolic deficit by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. We tested the effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD + precursor, as a treatment for reversing known mitochondrial dysfunction in hypoxic fetal hearts. Pregnant guinea pigs were housed in room air (normoxia) or placed in a hypoxic chamber (10.5%O2) for the last 14 days of gestation (term = 65 days) and administered either water or NR (1.6 mg/ml) in the drinking bottle. Fetuses were excised at term, and NAD + levels of maternal liver, placenta, and fetal heart ventricles were measured. Indices of mitochondrial function (complex IV activity, sirtuin 3 activity, protein acetylation) and ATP synthesis were measured in fetal heart ventricles of NR-treated/untreated normoxic and hypoxic animals. Hypoxia reduced fetal body weight in both sexes (p = 0.01), which was prevented by NR. Hypoxia had no effect on maternal liver NAD + levels but decreased (p = 0.04) placenta NAD + levels, the latter normalized with NR treatment. Hypoxia had no effect on fetal heart NAD + but decreased (p < 0.05) mitochondrial complex IV and sirtuin 3 activities, ATP content, and increased mitochondrial acetylation, which were all normalized with maternal NR. Hypoxia increased (p < 0.05) mitochondrial acetylation in female fetal hearts but had no effect on other mitochondrial indices. We conclude that maternal NR is an effective treatment for normalizing mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP synthesis in the hypoxic fetal heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren P Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jamie Hartnett
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Wang H, Cai P, Yu X, Li S, Zhu W, Liu Y, Wang D. Bioinformatics identifies key genes and potential drugs for energy metabolism disorders in heart failure with dilated cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1367848. [PMID: 38510644 PMCID: PMC10952830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1367848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Dysfunction in myocardial energy metabolism plays a vital role in the pathological process of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the key molecular mechanisms of energy metabolism and potential therapeutic agents in the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure. Methods: Gene expression profiles and clinical data for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by heart failure, as well as healthy controls, were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene sets associated with energy metabolism were downloaded from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) for subsequent analysis. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis were employed to identify key modules and genes related to heart failure. Potential biological mechanisms were investigated through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the construction of a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Molecular docking simulations were then conducted to explore the binding affinity and conformation of potential therapeutic drugs with hub genes. Results: Analysis of the left ventricular tissue expression profiles revealed that, compared to healthy controls, patients with dilated cardiomyopathy exhibited 234 differentially expressed genes and 2 genes related to myocardial energy metabolism. Additionally, Benzoylaconine may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: The study findings highlight the crucial role of myocardial energy metabolism in the progression of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Notably, Benzoylaconine emerges as a potential candidate for treating Dilated Cardiomyopathy, potentially exerting its therapeutic effects by targeted modulation of myocardial energy metabolism through NRK and NT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ShunDe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peifeng Cai
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ShunDe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ShunDe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ShunDe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Ghanem MS, Caffa I, Monacelli F, Nencioni A. Inhibitors of NAD + Production in Cancer Treatment: State of the Art and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2092. [PMID: 38396769 PMCID: PMC10889166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The addiction of tumors to elevated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels is a hallmark of cancer metabolism. Obstructing NAD+ biosynthesis in tumors is a new and promising antineoplastic strategy. Inhibitors developed against nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the main enzyme in NAD+ production from nicotinamide, elicited robust anticancer activity in preclinical models but not in patients, implying that other NAD+-biosynthetic pathways are also active in tumors and provide sufficient NAD+ amounts despite NAMPT obstruction. Recent studies show that NAD+ biosynthesis through the so-called "Preiss-Handler (PH) pathway", which utilizes nicotinate as a precursor, actively operates in many tumors and accounts for tumor resistance to NAMPT inhibitors. The PH pathway consists of three sequential enzymatic steps that are catalyzed by nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT), nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferases (NMNATs), and NAD+ synthetase (NADSYN1). Here, we focus on these enzymes as emerging targets in cancer drug discovery, summarizing their reported inhibitors and describing their current or potential exploitation as anticancer agents. Finally, we also focus on additional NAD+-producing enzymes acting in alternative NAD+-producing routes that could also be relevant in tumors and thus become viable targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa S. Ghanem
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (I.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (I.C.); (F.M.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (I.C.); (F.M.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (I.C.); (F.M.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Yaku K, Nakagawa T. NAD + Precursors in Human Health and Disease: Current Status and Future Prospects. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1133-1149. [PMID: 37335049 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) acts as a cofactor in many important biological processes. The administration of NAD+ precursors increases the intracellular NAD+ pool and has beneficial effects on physiological changes and diseases associated with aging in various organisms, including rodents and humans. Recent Advances: Evidence from preclinical studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of NAD+ precursors has rapidly increased in the last decade. The results of these studies have prompted the development of clinical trials using NAD+ precursors, particularly nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). In addition, in vivo studies of NAD+ metabolism have rapidly progressed. Critical Issues: Several studies have demonstrated that the oral administration of NAD+ precursors, such as NR and NMN, is safe and significantly increases NAD+ levels in humans. However, the efficacy of these NAD+ precursors is lower than expected from the results of preclinical studies. In addition, the identification of the contribution of the host-gut microbiota interactions to NR and NMN metabolism has added to the complexity of NAD+ metabolism. Future Directions: Further studies are required to determine the efficacy of NAD+ precursors in humans. Further in vivo studies of NAD+ metabolism are required to optimize the effects of NAD+ supplementation. There is also a need for methods of delivering NAD+ precursors to target organs or tissues to increase the outcomes of clinical trials. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1133-1149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-Disease Science; University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Bhasin S, Seals D, Migaud M, Musi N, Baur JA. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Aging Biology: Potential Applications and Many Unknowns. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:1047-1073. [PMID: 37364580 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled an expansive role of NAD+ in cellular energy generation, redox reactions, and as a substrate or cosubstrate in signaling pathways that regulate health span and aging. This review provides a critical appraisal of the clinical pharmacology and the preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic effects of NAD+ precursors for age-related conditions, with a particular focus on cardiometabolic disorders, and discusses gaps in current knowledge. NAD+ levels decrease throughout life; age-related decline in NAD+ bioavailability has been postulated to be a contributor to many age-related diseases. Raising NAD+ levels in model organisms by administration of NAD+ precursors improves glucose and lipid metabolism; attenuates diet-induced weight gain, diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, and hepatic steatosis; reduces endothelial dysfunction; protects heart from ischemic injury; improves left ventricular function in models of heart failure; attenuates cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders; and increases health span. Early human studies show that NAD+ levels can be raised safely in blood and some tissues by oral NAD+ precursors and suggest benefit in preventing nonmelanotic skin cancer, modestly reducing blood pressure and improving lipid profile in older adults with obesity or overweight; preventing kidney injury in at-risk patients; and suppressing inflammation in Parkinson disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical pharmacology, metabolism, and therapeutic mechanisms of NAD+ precursors remain incompletely understood. We suggest that these early findings provide the rationale for adequately powered randomized trials to evaluate the efficacy of NAD+ augmentation as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat metabolic disorders and age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalender Bhasin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Medicine, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marie Migaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of Southern Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Saxena S, Dagar N, Shelke V, Lech M, Khare P, Gaikwad AB. Metabolic reprogramming: Unveiling the therapeutic potential of targeted therapies against kidney disease. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103765. [PMID: 37690600 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
As a high-metabolic-rate organ, the kidney exhibits metabolic reprogramming (MR) in various disease states. Given the >800 million cases of kidney disease worldwide in 2022, understanding the specific bioenergetic pathways involved and developing targeted interventions are vital needs. The reprogramming of metabolic pathways (glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, etc.) has been observed in kidney disease. Therapies targeting these specific pathways have proven to be an efficient approach for retarding kidney disease progression. In this review, we focus on potential pharmacological interventions targeting MR that have advanced through Phase III/IV clinical trials for the management of kidney disease and promising preclinical studies laying the groundwork for future clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Saxena
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Neha Dagar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Vishwadeep Shelke
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Maciej Lech
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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8
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Liu S, Zhang W. NAD + metabolism and eye diseases: current status and future directions. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8653-8663. [PMID: 37540459 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no truly effective treatments for a variety of eye diseases, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs). These conditions have a significant impact on patients' quality of life and can be a burden on society. However, these diseases share a common pathological process of NAD+ metabolism disorders. They are either associated with genetically induced primary NAD+ synthase deficiency, decreased NAD+ levels due to aging, or enhanced NAD+ consuming enzyme activity during disease pathology. In this discussion, we explore the role of NAD+ metabolic disorders in the development of associated ocular diseases and the potential advantages and disadvantages of various methods to increase NAD+ levels. It is essential to carefully evaluate the possible adverse effects of these methods and conduct a more comprehensive and objective assessment of their function before considering their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, 730030, Lanzhou, VA, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730030, Lanzhou, VA, China.
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Biotechnological production of reduced and oxidized NAD + precursors. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112560. [PMID: 36869544 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) homeostasis by increased activity of NAD+ consumers or reduced NAD+ biosynthesis plays an important role in the onset of prevalent, often age-related, diseases, such as diabetes, neuropathies or nephropathies. To counteract such dysregulation, NAD+ replenishment strategies can be used. Among these, administration of vitamin B3 derivatives (NAD+ precursors) has garnered attention in recent years. However, the high market price of these compounds and their limited availability, pose important limitations to their use in nutritional or biomedical applications. To overcome these limitations, we have designed an enzymatic method for the synthesis and purification of (1) the oxidized NAD+ precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), (2) their reduced forms NMNH and NRH, and (3) their deaminated forms nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) and nicotinic acid riboside (NaR). Starting from NAD+ or NADH as substrates, we use a combination of three highly overexpressed soluble recombinant enzymes; (a) a NAD+ pyrophosphatase, (b) an NMN deamidase, and (c) a 5'-nucleotidase, to produce these six precursors. Finally, we validate the activity of the enzymatically produced molecules as NAD+ enhancers in cell culture.
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Nollet EE, Duursma I, Rozenbaum A, Eggelbusch M, Wüst RCI, Schoonvelde SAC, Michels M, Jansen M, van der Wel NN, Bedi KC, Margulies KB, Nirschl J, Kuster DWD, van der Velden J. Mitochondrial dysfunction in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is linked to cardiomyocyte architecture disruption and corrected by improving NADH-driven mitochondrial respiration. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:1170-1185. [PMID: 36734059 PMCID: PMC10067466 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Genetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is caused by mutations in sarcomere protein-encoding genes (i.e. genotype-positive HCM). In an increasing number of patients, HCM occurs in the absence of a mutation (i.e. genotype-negative HCM). Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be a key driver of pathological remodelling in HCM. Reports of mitochondrial respiratory function and specific disease-modifying treatment options in patients with HCM are scarce. METHODS AND RESULTS Respirometry was performed on septal myectomy tissue from patients with HCM (n = 59) to evaluate oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation. Mitochondrial dysfunction was most notably reflected by impaired NADH-linked respiration. In genotype-negative patients, but not genotype-positive patients, NADH-linked respiration was markedly depressed in patients with an indexed septal thickness ≥10 compared with <10. Mitochondrial dysfunction was not explained by reduced abundance or fragmentation of mitochondria, as evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Rather, improper organization of mitochondria relative to myofibrils (expressed as a percentage of disorganized mitochondria) was strongly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Pre-incubation with the cardiolipin-stabilizing drug elamipretide and raising mitochondrial NAD+ levels both boosted NADH-linked respiration. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial dysfunction is explained by cardiomyocyte architecture disruption and is linked to septal hypertrophy in genotype-negative HCM. Despite severe myocardial remodelling mitochondria were responsive to treatments aimed at restoring respiratory function, eliciting the mitochondria as a drug target to prevent and ameliorate cardiac disease in HCM. Mitochondria-targeting therapy may particularly benefit genotype-negative patients with HCM, given the tight link between mitochondrial impairment and septal thickening in this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E Nollet
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, O2 Science building—11W53, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, O2 Science building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Duursma
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, O2 Science building—11W53, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, O2 Science building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasiya Rozenbaum
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, O2 Science building—11W53, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, O2 Science building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moritz Eggelbusch
- Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michelle Michels
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Jansen
- Division of Genetics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth C Bedi
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Nirschl
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, O2 Science building—11W53, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, O2 Science building, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Gong JS, Marshall G, Su C, Hall M, Li H, Xu GQ, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Protein engineering of NADH pyrophosphatase for efficient biocatalytic production of reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1159965. [PMID: 37082214 PMCID: PMC10110983 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1159965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: NADH pyrophosphatase, a hydrolase catalyzing the phosphate bond of NADH to reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide, has potential applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Methods: Here, we investigated the effects of vector screening, promoter and RBS strategies on NADH pyrophosphatase expression and protein engineering on its enzymatic activity and thermal stability. Results: In this study, we describe a NADH pyrophosphatase derived from Escherichia coli (EcNudc). Strategies focusing on expression regulation including screening vectors, optimizing promoters and ribosome binding sites were utilized to enhance the productivity of EcNudc (1.8 U/mL). Moreover, protein engineering was adopted to further improve the catalytic properties of EcNudc, achieving 3.3-fold higher activity and 3.6-fold greater thermostability at 50°C. Furthermore, fermentation for the combined mutant R148A-H149E (EcNudc-M) production in a 7 L fermenter was implemented and the enzyme activity of EcNudc-M reached 33.0 U/mL. Finally, the EcNudc-M was applied in the catalysis of NADH with the highest NMNH yield of 16.65 g/L. Discussion: In conclusion, we constructed a commercially available genetically engineered strain with high activity and thermal stability of NADH pyrophosphatase, laying a broad foundation for the biocatalytic industrial production of NMNH and expand its application range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Song Gong,
| | | | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Michael Hall
- Seragon Biosciences, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Chellappa K, McReynolds MR, Lu W, Zeng X, Makarov M, Hayat F, Mukherjee S, Bhat YR, Lingala SR, Shima RT, Descamps HC, Cox T, Ji L, Jankowski C, Chu Q, Davidson SM, Thaiss CA, Migaud ME, Rabinowitz JD, Baur JA. NAD precursors cycle between host tissues and the gut microbiome. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1947-1959.e5. [PMID: 36476934 PMCID: PMC9825113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential redox cofactor in mammals and microbes. Here we use isotope tracing to investigate the precursors supporting NAD synthesis in the gut microbiome of mice. We find that dietary NAD precursors are absorbed in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract and not available to microbes in the distal gut. Instead, circulating host nicotinamide enters the gut lumen and supports microbial NAD synthesis. The microbiome converts host-derived nicotinamide into nicotinic acid, which is used for NAD synthesis in host tissues and maintains circulating nicotinic acid levels even in the absence of dietary consumption. Moreover, the main route from oral nicotinamide riboside, a widely used nutraceutical, to host NAD is via conversion into nicotinic acid by the gut microbiome. Thus, we establish the capacity for circulating host micronutrients to feed the gut microbiome, and in turn be transformed in a manner that enhances host metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mikhail Makarov
- Department of Pharmacology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Department of Pharmacology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yashaswini R Bhat
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Siddharth R Lingala
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rafaella T Shima
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hélène C Descamps
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Cox
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lixin Ji
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Connor Jankowski
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Qingwei Chu
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Benzi A, Spinelli S, Sturla L, Heine M, Fischer AW, Koch-Nolte F, Mittrücker HW, Guse AH, De Flora A, Heeren J, Bruzzone S. Role of Liver CD38 in the Regulation of Metabolic Pathways during Cold-Induced Thermogenesis in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233812. [PMID: 36497069 PMCID: PMC9738612 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Boosting NAD+ levels are considered a promising means to promote healthy aging and ameliorate dysfunctional metabolism. The expression of CD38, the major NAD+-consuming enzyme, is downregulated during thermogenesis in both brown and white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT). Moreover, BAT activation and WAT "browning" were enhanced in Cd38-/- mice. In this study, the role of CD38 in the liver during thermogenesis was investigated, with the liver being the central organ controlling systemic energy metabolism. Wild-type mice and Cd38-/- mice were exposed to cold temperatures, and levels of metabolites and enzymes were measured in the livers and plasma. During cold exposure, CD38 expression was downregulated in the liver, as in BAT and WAT, with a concomitant increase in NAD(H) and a marked decrease in NADPH levels. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the malic enzyme, along with enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, were downregulated, which is in line with glucose-6-P being re-directed towards glucose release. In Cd38-/- mice, the cross-regulation between glycolysis and glucose release was lost, although this did not impair the glucose release from glycogen. Glycerol levels were decreased in the liver from Cd38-/- animals upon cold exposure, suggesting that glyceroneogenesis, as gluconeogenesis, was not properly activated in the absence of CD38. SIRT3 activity, regulating mitochondrial metabolism, was enhanced by cold exposure, whereas its activity was already high at a warm temperature in Cd38-/- mice and was not further increased by the cold. Notably, FGF21 and bile acid release was enhanced in the liver of Cd38-/- mice, which might contribute to enhanced BAT activation in Cd38-/- mice. These results demonstrate that CD38 inhibition can be suggested as a strategy to boost NAD+ and would not negatively affect hepatic functions during thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Benzi
- Section of Biochemistry, DIMES, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sonia Spinelli
- Section of Biochemistry, DIMES, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Sturla
- Section of Biochemistry, DIMES, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander W. Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonio De Flora
- Section of Biochemistry, DIMES, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-010-3538150 (S.B.)
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Section of Biochemistry, DIMES, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-010-3538150 (S.B.)
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14
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Porcine placental extract increase the cellular NAD levels in human epidermal keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19040. [PMID: 36352014 PMCID: PMC9646745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in energy metabolism. Because decreasing NAD levels is a common hallmark of the aging process in various tissues and organs, maintaining NAD levels has recently been of interest for the prevention of aging and age-related diseases. Although placental extract (PE) are known to possess several anti-aging effects, the NAD-boosting activity of PE remains unknown. In this study, we found that porcine PE (PPE) significantly increased intracellular NAD levels in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). PPE also attenuated the NAD depletion induced by FK866, an inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Interestingly, only the fraction containing nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide (NAM) restored NAD content in NHEKs in the absence of NAMPT activity. These results suggest that PPE increases intracellular NAD by providing NAD precursors such as NMN, NR, and NAM. Finally, we showed that the application of PPE to the stratum corneum of the reconstructed human epidermis significantly ameliorated FK866-induced NAD depletion, suggesting that topical PPE may be helpful for increasing skin NAD levels. This is the first study to report the novel biological activity of PE as an NAD booster in human epidermal cells.
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15
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Cercillieux A, Ciarlo E, Canto C. Balancing NAD + deficits with nicotinamide riboside: therapeutic possibilities and limitations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:463. [PMID: 35918544 PMCID: PMC9345839 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels have been observed in multiple lifestyle and age-related medical conditions. This has led to the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with NAD+ precursors, or vitamin B3s, could exert health benefits. Among the different molecules that can act as NAD+ precursors, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) has gained most attention due to its success in alleviating and treating disease conditions at the pre-clinical level. However, the clinical outcomes for NR supplementation strategies have not yet met the expectations generated in mouse models. In this review we aim to provide a comprehensive view on NAD+ biology, what causes NAD+ deficits and the journey of NR from its discovery to its clinical development. We also discuss what are the current limitations in NR-based therapies and potential ways to overcome them. Overall, this review will not only provide tools to understand NAD+ biology and assess its changes in disease situations, but also to decide which NAD+ precursor could have the best therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Cercillieux
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., EPFL Campus, Innovation Park, Building G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Ciarlo
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., EPFL Campus, Innovation Park, Building G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carles Canto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., EPFL Campus, Innovation Park, Building G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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He S, Shi J, Liu W, Du S, Zhang Y, Gong L, Dong S, Li X, Gao Q, Yang J, Yu J. Heme oxygenase-1 protects against endotoxin-induced acute lung injury depends on NAD +-mediated mitonuclear communication through PGC1α/PPARγ signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1095-1108. [PMID: 35816227 PMCID: PMC9272656 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a challenging life-threatening disease for which no specific therapy exists. Mitochondrial dysfunction is corroborated as hallmarks in sepsis which commonly disrupt mitochondria-centered cellular communication networks, especially mitonuclear crosstalk, where the ubiquitous cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is essential for mitonuclear communication. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is critical for maintaining mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium and regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi stress to alleviating acute lung injury. However, it is unclear whether HO-1 regulates NAD+-mediated mitonuclear communication to exert the endogenous protection during endotoxin-induced ALI. In this study, we observed HO-1 attenuated endotoxin-induced ALI by regulated NAD+ levels and NAD+ affected the mitonuclear communication, including mitonuclear protein imbalance and UPRmt to alleviate lung damage. We also found the protective effect of HO-1 depended on NAD+ and NAD+-mediated mitonuclear communication. Furtherly, the inhibition of the PGC1α/PPARγ signaling exacerbates the septic lung injury by reducing NAD+ levels and repressing the mitonuclear protein imbalance and UPRmt. Altogether, our study certified that HO-1 ameliorated endotoxin-induced acute lung injury by regulating NAD+ and NAD+-mediated mitonuclear communications through PGC1α/PPARγ pathway. The present study provided complementary evidence for the cytoprotective effect of HO-1 as a potential target for preventing and attenuating of endotoxin-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shihan Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lirong Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoying Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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17
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Canto C. NAD + Precursors: A Questionable Redundancy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070630. [PMID: 35888754 PMCID: PMC9316858 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen a strong proliferation of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of metabolic and age-related diseases based on increasing cellular NAD+ bioavailability. Among them, the dietary supplementation with NAD+ precursors—classically known as vitamin B3—has received most of the attention. Multiple molecules can act as NAD+ precursors through independent biosynthetic routes. Interestingly, eukaryote organisms have conserved a remarkable ability to utilize all of these different molecules, even if some of them are scarcely found in nature. Here, we discuss the possibility that the conservation of all of these biosynthetic pathways through evolution occurred because the different NAD+ precursors might serve specialized purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Canto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research Ltd., EPFL Campus, Innovation Park, Building G, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; ; Tel.: +41-(0)-216326116
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Immunometabolic rewiring of tubular epithelial cells in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:588-603. [PMID: 35798902 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kidney tubular epithelial cells (TECs) have a crucial role in the damage and repair response to acute and chronic injury. To adequately respond to constant changes in the environment, TECs have considerable bioenergetic needs, which are supported by metabolic pathways. Although little is known about TEC metabolism, a number of ground-breaking studies have shown that defective glucose metabolism or fatty acid oxidation in the kidney has a key role in the response to kidney injury. Imbalanced use of these metabolic pathways can predispose TECs to apoptosis and dedifferentiation, and contribute to lipotoxicity and kidney injury. The accumulation of lipids and aberrant metabolic adaptations of TECs during kidney disease can also be driven by receptors of the innate immune system. Similar to their actions in innate immune cells, pattern recognition receptors regulate the metabolic rewiring of TECs, causing cellular dysfunction and lipid accumulation. TECs should therefore be considered a specialized cell type - like cells of the innate immune system - that is subject to regulation by immunometabolism. Targeting energy metabolism in TECs could represent a strategy for metabolically reprogramming the kidney and promoting kidney repair.
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Schomakers BV, Hermans J, Jaspers YR, Salomons G, Vaz FM, van Weeghel M, Houtkooper RH. Polar metabolomics in human muscle biopsies using a liquid-liquid extraction and full-scan LC-MS. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101302. [PMID: 35479116 PMCID: PMC9035783 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here a user-friendly analysis protocol for semi-targeted polar metabolomics in human muscle biopsies using Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography and high-resolution full-scan mass spectrometry. Previously, this protocol has been used for Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we show that it can be successfully applied to human muscle biopsies with minor adjustments. Summarized instructions for other matrices are also provided. As peak integration in metabolomics can be challenging, we provide expected retention times and extensive peak descriptions to aid this process. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Molenaars et al. (2021). Protocol for polar metabolomics using liquid-liquid extraction and full-scan MS Semiquantitative analysis of 150 metabolites in human muscle biopsies Full peak integration and data processing instructions Additional instructions on 32 more biological matrices provided
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20
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Jablonska P, Mierzejewska P, Tomczyk M, Koszalka P, Franczak M, Kawecka A, Kutryb-Zajac B, Braczko A, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. Differences in Extracellular NAD+ and NMN Metabolism on the Surface of Vascular Endothelial Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050675. [PMID: 35625403 PMCID: PMC9137893 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a multifunctional metabolite involved in many key cellular processes. Outside the cell, NAD+ or its metabolites are important signaling molecules, related especially to calcium homeostasis, which controls the functioning of the heart. The cleavage of NAD+ or its precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), produces derivatives entering the cell to rebuild the intracellular NAD+ pool, which is important for cells with high energy turnover. Abnormalities in NAD+ and NMN metabolism can lead to cell aging and the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that the extracellular metabolism of NAD+ and NMN is vastly different in the vascular endothelium obtained from different species and locations. This may have implications for strategies to modulate the NAD+ system and may cause difficulties for comparing the results of different reports. Abstract The disruption of the metabolism of extracellular NAD+ and NMN may affect related signaling cascades and pathologies, such as cardiovascular or respiratory system diseases. We aimed to study NAD+ and NMN hydrolysis on surface endothelial cells of diverse origins and with genetically modified nucleotide catabolism pathways. We tested lung endothelial cells isolated from C57BL/6 J wild-type (WT) and C57BL/6 J CD73 knockout (CD73 KO) mice, the transfected porcine iliac artery endothelial cell line (PIEC) with the human E5NT gene for CD73 (PIEC CD73), and a mock-transfected control (PIEC MOCK), as well as HMEC-1 and H5V cells. Substrate conversion into the product was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We showed profound differences in extracellular NAD+ and NMN metabolism related to the vessel origin, species diversity, and type of culture. We also confirmed the involvement of CD38 and CD73 in NAD+ and NMN cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Patrycja Koszalka
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Marika Franczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Ada Kawecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Alicja Braczko
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (P.J.); (P.M.); (M.T.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (B.K.-Z.); (A.B.); (R.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Janssens GE, Grevendonk L, Perez RZ, Schomakers BV, de Vogel-van den Bosch J, Geurts JMW, van Weeghel M, Schrauwen P, Houtkooper RH, Hoeks J. Healthy aging and muscle function are positively associated with NAD + abundance in humans. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:254-263. [PMID: 37118369 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is greatly affected by aging, resulting in a loss of metabolic and physical function. However, the underlying molecular processes and how (lack of) physical activity is involved in age-related metabolic decline in muscle function in humans is largely unknown. Here, we compared, in a cross-sectional study, the muscle metabolome from young to older adults, whereby the older adults were exercise trained, had normal physical activity levels or were physically impaired. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) was one of the most prominent metabolites that was lower in older adults, in line with preclinical models. This lower level was even more pronounced in impaired older individuals, and conversely, exercise-trained older individuals had NAD+ levels that were more similar to those found in younger individuals. NAD+ abundance positively correlated with average number of steps per day and mitochondrial and muscle functioning. Our work suggests that a clear association exists between NAD+ and health status in human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges E Janssens
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Grevendonk
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Zapata Perez
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke V Schomakers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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22
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Chini CCS, Peclat TR, Gomez LS, Zeidler JD, Warner GM, Kashyap S, Mazdeh DZ, Hayat F, Migaud ME, Paulus A, Chanan-Khan AA, Chini EN. Dihydronicotinamide Riboside Is a Potent NAD+ Precursor Promoting a Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840246. [PMID: 35281060 PMCID: PMC8913500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism plays an important role in the regulation of immune function. However, a complete picture of how NAD, its metabolites, precursors, and metabolizing enzymes work together in regulating immune function and inflammatory diseases is still not fully understood. Surprisingly, few studies have compared the effect of different forms of vitamin B3 on cellular functions. Therefore, we investigated the role of NAD boosting in the regulation of macrophage activation and function using different NAD precursors supplementation. We compared nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation, with the recently described potent NAD precursor NRH. Our results show that only NRH supplementation strongly increased NAD+ levels in both bone marrow-derived and THP-1 macrophages. Importantly, NRH supplementation activated a pro-inflammatory phenotype in resting macrophages, inducing gene expression of several cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes. NRH also potentiated the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on macrophage activation and cytokine gene expression, suggesting that potent NAD+ precursors can promote inflammation in macrophages. The effect of NRH in NAD+ boosting and gene expression was blocked by inhibitors of adenosine kinase, equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT), and IκB
kinase (IKK). Interestingly, the IKK inhibitor, BMS-345541, blocked the mRNA expression of several enzymes and transporters involved in the NAD boosting effect of NRH, indicating that IKK is also a regulator of NAD metabolism. In conclusion, NAD precursors such as NRH may be important tools to understand the role of NAD and NADH metabolism in the inflammatory process of other immune cells, and to reprogram immune cells to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, such as the M2 to M1 switch in macrophage reprogramming, in the cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C. S. Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Thais R. Peclat
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lilian S. Gomez
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Julianna D. Zeidler
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gina M. Warner
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sonu Kashyap
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Delaram Z. Mazdeh
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Marie E. Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Aneel Paulus
- Division of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Asher A. Chanan-Khan
- Division of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Eduardo N. Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Eduardo N. Chini,
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23
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He S, Gao Q, Wu X, Shi J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Li X, Du S, Zhang Y, Yu J. NAD + ameliorates endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury in a sirtuin1-dependent manner via GSK-3β/Nrf2 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1979-1993. [PMID: 35137552 PMCID: PMC8980955 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a substantial worldwide public health concern with no specific and effective therapies in clinic. NAD+ is a pivotal determinant of cellular energy metabolism involved in the progression of AKI; however, its mechanism in kidney injury remains poorly understood. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+‐dependent deacetylase associated with renal protection and acute stress resistance. In this study, we have investigated the role of NAD+ in AKI and the potential mechanism(s) involved in its renoprotective effect. NAD+ was notably decreased and negatively correlated with kidney dysfunction in AKI, restoring NAD+ with NMN significantly ameliorates LPS‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and attenuates renal damage. We also found that the protection of NAD+ is associated with SIRT1 expressions and performs in a SIRT1‐dependent manner. Inhibition of SIRT1 blunted the protective effect of NAD+ and up‐regulated the activity of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) that was concomitant with mitigated Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, thereby exacerbates AKI. These findings suggest that NAD+/SIRT1/GSK‐3β/Nrf2 axis is an important mechanism that can protect against AKI which might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng He
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoying Gao
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shihan Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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24
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Meron E, Thaysen M, Angeli S, Antebi A, Barzilai N, Baur JA, Bekker-Jensen S, Birkisdottir M, Bischof E, Bruening J, Brunet A, Buchwalter A, Cabreiro F, Cai S, Chen BH, Ermolaeva M, Ewald CY, Ferrucci L, Florian MC, Fortney K, Freund A, Georgievskaya A, Gladyshev VN, Glass D, Golato T, Gorbunova V, Hoejimakers J, Houtkooper RH, Jager S, Jaksch F, Janssens G, Jensen MB, Kaeberlein M, Karsenty G, de Keizer P, Kennedy B, Kirkland JL, Kjaer M, Kroemer G, Lee KF, Lemaitre JM, Liaskos D, Longo VD, Lu YX, MacArthur MR, Maier AB, Manakanatas C, Mitchell SJ, Moskalev A, Niedernhofer L, Ozerov I, Partridge L, Passegué E, Petr MA, Peyer J, Radenkovic D, Rando TA, Rattan S, Riedel CG, Rudolph L, Ai R, Serrano M, Schumacher B, Sinclair DA, Smith R, Suh Y, Taub P, Trapp A, Trendelenburg AU, Valenzano DR, Verburgh K, Verdin E, Vijg J, Westendorp RGJ, Zonari A, Bakula D, Zhavoronkov A, Scheibye-Knudsen M. Meeting Report: Aging Research and Drug Discovery. Aging (Albany NY) 2022. [PMID: 35089871 PMCID: PMC8833115 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for most chronic diseases, and thus possesses large socioeconomic interest to continuously aging societies. Consequently, the field of aging research is expanding alongside a growing focus from the industry and investors in aging research. This year’s 8th Annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting was organized as a hybrid meeting from August 30th to September 3rd 2021 with more than 130 attendees participating on-site at the Ceremonial Hall at University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and 1800 engaging online. The conference comprised of presentations from 75 speakers focusing on new research in topics including mechanisms of aging and how these can be modulated as well as the use of AI and new standards of practices within aging research. This year, a longevity workshop was included to build stronger connections with the clinical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Meron
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Thaysen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Angeli
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon Bekker-Jensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Birkisdottir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evelyne Bischof
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jens Bruening
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abigail Buchwalter
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Filipe Cabreiro
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.,CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shiqing Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian H Chen
- FOXO Technologies Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55402, USA.,The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach CH-8603, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Freund
- Arda Therapeutics, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | | | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Glass
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Jan Hoejimakers
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sibylle Jager
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Georges Janssens
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter de Keizer
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Division of Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore.,Center for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - James L Kirkland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Paris, France
| | - Kai-Fu Lee
- Sinovation Ventures and Sinovation AI Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaitre
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, INSERM UMR 1183, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Valter D Longo
- USC Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yu-Xuan Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael R MacArthur
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Center for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology of FRC Komi Science Center of Ural Division of RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laura Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ivan Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Michael A Petr
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Tracked.bio, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dina Radenkovic
- Hooke London by Health and Longevity Optimisation, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suresh Rattan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian G Riedel
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ruixue Ai
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology
- UiO, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Norway
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Björn Schumacher
- CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David A Sinclair
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 94107, USA
| | | | - Yousin Suh
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Pam Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexandre Trapp
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Dario Riccardo Valenzano
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Leibniz Institute on Aging, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | | - Daniela Bakula
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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The role of protein acetylation in regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2807-2819. [PMID: 34812890 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic processes of mitochondrial fusion and fission determine the shape of mitochondria, which can range from individual fragments to a hyperfused network, and influence mitochondrial function. Changes in mitochondrial shape can occur rapidly, allowing mitochondria to adapt to specific cues and changing cellular demands. Here, we will review what is known about how key proteins required for mitochondrial fusion and fission are regulated by their acetylation status, with acetylation promoting fission and deacetylation enhancing fusion. In particular, we will examine the roles of NAD+ dependant sirtuin deacetylases, which mediate mitochondrial acetylation, and how this post-translational modification provides an exquisite regulatory mechanism to co-ordinate mitochondrial function with metabolic demands of the cell.
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26
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Palmer RD, Vaccarezza M. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and the sirtuins caution: Pro-cancer functions. Aging Med (Milton) 2021; 4:337-344. [PMID: 34964015 PMCID: PMC8711221 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aims to perform a brief but comprehensive assessment of existing peer-reviewed literature and determine whether raising nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide can prevent or promote tumorigenesis. The examination of extensive peer-reviewed data regarding the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide has been performed with a focus on nuclear dynamics and the deoxyribose nucleic acid repair pathway. Various enzymatic protective functions have been identified from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels, as well as the threat role that is also explored. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors and sirtuin-activating compounds are becoming ubiquitous in the commercial market. Further research into whether elevating levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or overexpression of sirtuins can increase the potential for neoplasm or other age-related pathophysiology is warranted due to the high energy requirements of certain diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- School of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityBentley, PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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27
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NADH and NRH as potential dietary supplements or pharmacological agents for early liver injury caused by acute alcohol exposure. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Fontecha-Barriuso M, Lopez-Diaz AM, Carriazo S, Ortiz A, Sanz AB. Nicotinamide and acute kidney injury. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:2453-2462. [PMID: 34950458 PMCID: PMC8690056 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent issue of ckj, Piedrafita et al. reported that urine tryptophan and kynurenine are reduced in cardiac bypass surgery patients that develop acute kidney injury (AKI), suggesting reduced activity of the kynurenine pathway of nicotinamide (NAM) adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthesis from tryptophan. However, NAM supplementation aiming at repleting NAD+ did not replete kidney NAD+ and did not improve glomerular filtration or reduce histological injury in ischaemic-reperfusion kidney injury in mice. The lack of improvement of kidney injury is partially at odds with prior reports that did not study kidney NAD+, glomerular filtration or histology in NAM-treated wild-type mice with AKI. We now present an overview of research on therapy with vitamin B3 vitamers and derivate molecules {niacin, Nicotinamide [NAM; niacinamide], NAM riboside [Nicotinamide riboside (NR)], Reduced nicotinamide riboside [NRH] and NAM mononucleotide} in kidney injury, including an overview of ongoing clinical trials, and discuss the potential explanations for diverging reports on the impact of these therapeutic approaches on pre-clinical acute and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fontecha-Barriuso
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Lopez-Diaz
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sol Carriazo
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Sanz
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Benzi A, Grozio A, Spinelli S, Sturla L, Guse AH, De Flora A, Zocchi E, Heeren J, Bruzzone S. Role of CD38 in Adipose Tissue: Tuning Coenzyme Availability? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113734. [PMID: 34835990 PMCID: PMC8624254 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a fundamental molecule in the regulation of energy metabolism, representing both a coenzyme and a substrate for different NAD+ degrading enzymes. Among these enzymes, CD38 can be seen under two perspectives: as the enzyme synthesizing Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, starting from NAD+, and as the major NAD+-consumer, to be inhibited to increase NAD+ levels. Indeed, the regulation of NAD+ availability is a key event during different processes. In this review, we examine the recent studies related to the modulation of CD38 expression and activity, and the consequent changes in NAD(P)(H), in adipose tissue, during inflammation and cold-induced thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Benzi
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (A.D.F.); (E.Z.)
| | - Alessia Grozio
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA;
| | - Sonia Spinelli
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (A.D.F.); (E.Z.)
| | - Laura Sturla
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (A.D.F.); (E.Z.)
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.G.); (J.H.)
| | - Antonio De Flora
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (A.D.F.); (E.Z.)
| | - Elena Zocchi
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (A.D.F.); (E.Z.)
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.H.G.); (J.H.)
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- DIMES-Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (A.D.F.); (E.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0103538150
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30
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Wei Z, Chai H, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Liu X. Nicotinamide mononucleotide: An emerging nutraceutical against cardiac aging? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 60:291-297. [PMID: 34507029 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is essential for cellular physiological processes, directly or indirectly affecting metabolism and gene expression. The decline of NAD+ levels in the heart is accompanied by aging, causing cardiac pathological remodeling and dysfunction. Niacinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has emerged as a precursor to alleviate age-related cardiac pathophysiological changes by improving cardiac NAD+ homeostasis. Preclinical trials on the efficacy and safety of intaking NMN have shown encouraging results, revealing a cardioprotective effect without significant side effects. Strategies for improving the effectiveness of NMN are also evolving. The present review aimed to summarize the potentials of NMN as a nutraceutical against cardiac aging and highlight the relationship between NMN supplementation and cardiac protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisong Wei
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hua Chai
- Department of Academic Affairs, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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31
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Tan A, Doig CL. NAD + Degrading Enzymes, Evidence for Roles During Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:697359. [PMID: 34485381 PMCID: PMC8415550 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.697359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) contribute to metabolic dysfunction, increase susceptibility to disease, and occur as a result of pathogenic infection. The enzymatic cleavage of NAD+ transfers ADP-ribose (ADPr) to substrate proteins generating mono-ADP-ribose (MAR), poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) or O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (OAADPr). These important post-translational modifications have roles in both immune response activation and the advancement of infection. In particular, emergent data show viral infection stimulates activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) mediated NAD+ depletion and stimulates hydrolysis of existing ADP-ribosylation modifications. These studies are important for us to better understand the value of NAD+ maintenance upon the biology of infection. This review focuses specifically upon the NAD+ utilising enzymes, discusses existing knowledge surrounding their roles in infection, their NAD+ depletion capability and their influence within pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Tan
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Centre, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig L Doig
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Centre, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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32
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Palmer RD, Elnashar MM, Vaccarezza M. Precursor comparisons for the upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Novel approaches for better aging. Aging Med (Milton) 2021; 4:214-220. [PMID: 34553119 PMCID: PMC8444956 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in every human cell and regulates a number of systems across multiple cellular compartments and tissue types via an endogenous and exogenous influence. NAD levels are demonstrated to decline with age and therefore measures to counteract the waning of NAD have been devised. A number of NAD precursor candidates such as nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the reduced form of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMNH), nicotinic acid (NA) nicotinamide (NAM), and dihydronicotinamide riboside (DNR) increase NAD levels in vitro and in vivo. This discussion will focus on the precursors NR, NMN, NMNH, and DNR in the upregulation of NAD. There are many publications on NAD precursors as it has become popular for human consumption in recent years due to its vital importance to the general consumer. However, there is no consensus between researchers and this was the aim of this review, to determine and discuss their areas of agreement versus disagreement, to highlight the gaps in research, and to give recommendations for future work. Bioavailability and potency of NR, NMNH, NMN, and DNR is also examined on the light of the most recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdy Mahmoud Elnashar
- School of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
- Center of ExcellenceDepartment of PolymersNational Research CentreCairoEgypt
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- School of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
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33
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Li C, Wu LE. Risks and rewards of targeting NAD + homeostasis in the brain. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111545. [PMID: 34302821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to correct declining nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in neurological disease and biological ageing are promising therapeutic candidates. These strategies include supplementing with NAD+ precursors, small molecule activation of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes, and treatment with small molecule inhibitors of NAD+ consuming enzymes such as CD38, SARM1 or members of the PARP family. While these strategies have shown efficacy in animal models of neurological disease, each of these has the mechanistic potential for adverse events that could preclude their preclinical use. Here, we discuss the implications of these strategies for treating neurological diseases, including potential off-target effects that may be unique to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Li
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lindsay E Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Zapata‐Pérez R, Wanders RJA, van Karnebeek CDM, Houtkooper RH. NAD + homeostasis in human health and disease. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13943. [PMID: 34041853 PMCID: PMC8261484 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ), a central redox cofactor and the substrate of key metabolic enzymes, is the causative factor of a number of inherited and acquired diseases in humans. Primary deficiencies of NAD+ homeostasis are the result of impaired biosynthesis, while secondary deficiencies can arise due to other factors affecting NAD+ homeostasis, such as increased NAD+ consumption or dietary deficiency of its vitamin B3 precursors. NAD+ depletion can manifest in a wide variety of pathological phenotypes, ranging from rare inherited defects, characterized by congenital malformations, retinal degeneration, and/or encephalopathy, to more common multifactorial, often age-related, diseases. Here, we discuss NAD+ biochemistry and metabolism and provide an overview of the etiology and pathological consequences of alterations of the NAD+ metabolism in humans. Finally, we discuss the state of the art of the potential therapeutic implications of NAD+ repletion for boosting health as well as treating rare and common diseases, and the possibilities to achieve this by means of the different NAD+ -enhancing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Zapata‐Pérez
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (AGEM)Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS)Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (AGEM)Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS)Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Clara D M van Karnebeek
- Department of PediatricsAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics (Metabolic Diseases)Radboud Centre for Mitochondrial MedicineAmalia Children’s HospitalRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- On behalf of ‘United for Metabolic Diseases’AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic DiseasesAmsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (AGEM)Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS)Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Ghanem MS, Monacelli F, Nencioni A. Advances in NAD-Lowering Agents for Cancer Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:1665. [PMID: 34068917 PMCID: PMC8156468 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential redox cofactor, but it also acts as a substrate for NAD-consuming enzymes, regulating cellular events such as DNA repair and gene expression. Since such processes are fundamental to support cancer cell survival and proliferation, sustained NAD production is a hallmark of many types of neoplasms. Depleting intratumor NAD levels, mainly through interference with the NAD-biosynthetic machinery, has emerged as a promising anti-cancer strategy. NAD can be generated from tryptophan or nicotinic acid. In addition, the "salvage pathway" of NAD production, which uses nicotinamide, a byproduct of NAD degradation, as a substrate, is also widely active in mammalian cells and appears to be highly exploited by a subset of human cancers. In fact, research has mainly focused on inhibiting the key enzyme of the latter NAD production route, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), leading to the identification of numerous inhibitors, including FK866 and CHS-828. Unfortunately, the clinical activity of these agents proved limited, suggesting that the approaches for targeting NAD production in tumors need to be refined. In this contribution, we highlight the recent advancements in this field, including an overview of the NAD-lowering compounds that have been reported so far and the related in vitro and in vivo studies. We also describe the key NAD-producing pathways and their regulation in cancer cells. Finally, we summarize the approaches that have been explored to optimize the therapeutic response to NAMPT inhibitors in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa S. Ghanem
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.G.); (F.M.)
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.G.); (F.M.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.G.); (F.M.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
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36
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Dall M, Hassing AS, Treebak JT. NAD + and NAFLD - caution, causality and careful optimism. J Physiol 2021; 600:1135-1154. [PMID: 33932956 DOI: 10.1113/jp280908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide, and new treatments are sorely needed. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) has been proposed as a potential target to prevent and reverse NAFLD. NAD+ is an important redox factor for energy metabolism and is used as a substrate by a range of enzymes, including sirtuins (SIRT), which regulates histone acetylation, transcription factor activity and mitochondrial function. NAD+ is also a precursor for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is an important component of the antioxidant defense system. NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) are available as over-the-counter dietary supplements, and oral supplementation with these precursors increases hepatic NAD+ levels and prevents hepatic lipid accumulation in pre-clinical models of NAFLD. NAD+ precursors have also been found to improve hepatic mitochondrial function and decrease oxidative stress in pre-clinical NAFLD models. NAD+ repletion also prevents NAFLD progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as NAD+ precursor supplementation is associated with decreased hepatic stellate cell activation, and decreased fibrosis. However, initial clinical trials have only shown modest effects when NAD+ precursors were administrated to people with obesity. We review the available pre-clinical investigations of NAD+ supplementation for targeting NAFLD, and discuss how data from the first clinical trials can be reconciled with observations from preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna S Hassing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Khaidizar FD, Bessho Y, Nakahata Y. Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Key Molecule of the Aging/Senescence Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3709. [PMID: 33918226 PMCID: PMC8037941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a phenomenon underlined by complex molecular and biochemical changes that occur over time. One of the metabolites that is gaining strong research interest is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, whose cellular level has been shown to decrease with age in various tissues of model animals and humans. Administration of NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), to supplement NAD+ production through the NAD+ salvage pathway has been demonstrated to slow down aging processes in mice. Therefore, NAD+ is a critical metabolite now understood to mitigate age-related tissue function decline and prevent age-related diseases in aging animals. In human clinical trials, administration of NAD+ precursors to the elderly is being used to address systemic age-associated physiological decline. Among NAD+ biosynthesis pathways in mammals, the NAD+ salvage pathway is the dominant pathway in most of tissues, and NAMPT is the rate limiting enzyme of this pathway. However, only a few activators of NAMPT, which are supposed to increase NAD+, have been developed so far. In this review, we will focus on the importance of NAD+ and the possible application of an activator of NAMPT to promote successive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiqri D. Khaidizar
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0101, Japan;
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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