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Gao H, Wang J, Zheng X, Pei X, Zheng Y, Zhai W, Zhang R, Chen X, Ma Q, Wei J, Yang D, Pang A, He Y, Feng S, Cao Y, Jiang E. Ursodeoxycholic acid does not reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection in newly allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a prospective NICHE cohort. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1324019. [PMID: 38505288 PMCID: PMC10949982 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1324019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Retrospective studies have suggested that Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) provide a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in patients with liver disease. However, it is uncertain whether this finding can be extended to the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) cohort. Therefore, we aim to examine the protective potential of UDCA against SARS-CoV-2 infection in recently received allo-HSCT patients. Methods During the initial Omicron variant wave in China (December 2022 to February 2023), we conducted a prospective observational study involving 91 hospitalized patients who had undergone allo-HSCT within the previous 6 months as part of the National Longitudinal Cohort of Hematological Diseases (NICHE). Throughout hospitalization, we continuously monitored the status of COVID-19 using SARS-CoV-2 PCR kits or SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Tests. Results Among these patients, 67.0% (n = 61) were confirmed to have contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection. For the 52 patients evaluated, 23.1% experienced a severe or critical clinical course. There was no difference in the infection rate or severity of COVID-19 between the UDCA group and the non-UDCA group. We found that only patients transplanted between 3 and 6 months ago demonstrated a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to those who received allo-HSCT within 3 months (Odds Ratio [OR]: 3.241, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.287-8.814, P = 0.016). But other clinical factors, such as administration of UDCA, showed no difference. Notably, only age ≥38 years old remained as an independent risk factor for a severe clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 3.664, 95% CI: 1.129-13.007, P = 0.035). Conclusion The effectiveness of UDCA in protecting newly allo-HSCT recipients against SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unconfirmed. Presently, the most effective strategy appears to be minimizing exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04645199, identifier NCT04645199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihua Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Jialin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Donglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiming Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Sizhou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yigeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
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Bru S, Brotons P, Jordan I, Alsina L, Henares D, Carballar R, de Sevilla MF, Barrabeig I, Fumado V, Baro B, Martínez-Láinez JM, Garcia-Garcia JJ, Bassat Q, Balaguer A, Clotet J, Launes C, Muñoz-Almagro C. Association between soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in saliva and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5985. [PMID: 37045853 PMCID: PMC10092936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31911-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between saliva soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (sACE2) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adults. We selected a convenience sample of adults with post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and their household children living in quarantined family households of the metropolitan Barcelona region (Spain) during the spring 2020 pandemic national lockdown. Participants were tested for saliva sACE2 quantification by western blot and nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR detection. A total of 161 saliva samples [82 (50.9%) from children; 79 (49.1%) from females] yielded valid western blot and RT-PCR results. Saliva sACE2 was detected in 79 (96.3%) children and 76 (96.2%) convalescent adults. Twenty (24.4%) children and 20 (25.3%) convalescent adults were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharynx by RT-PCR. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-negative children had a significantly higher mean proportional level of saliva sACE2 (0.540 × 10-3%) than RT-PCR-positive children (0.192 × 10-3%, p < 0.001) and convalescent adults (0.173 × 10-3%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, children negative for nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR appear to exhibit a higher concentration of saliva sACE2 than SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive children and convalescent adults. Release of adequate levels of sACE2 in saliva could play a protective role against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bru
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Inmaculada, 22, 28029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Brotons
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Inmaculada, 22, 28029, Barcelona, Spain.
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Iolanda Jordan
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Laia Alsina
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Desiree Henares
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reyes Carballar
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Inmaculada, 22, 28029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Fernandez de Sevilla
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Irene Barrabeig
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Roc Boronat 81, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Fumado
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Baro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Marc Martínez-Láinez
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Inmaculada, 22, 28029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Garcia-Garcia
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 132, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Manhiça, Rua 12, 1229, Manhiça, Mozambique
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Balaguer
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Inmaculada, 22, 28029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Clotet
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Inmaculada, 22, 28029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Launes
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa, 39-57, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Inmaculada, 22, 28029, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Keller GA, Colaianni I, Coria J, Di Girolamo G, Miranda S. Clinical and biochemical short-term effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on SARS-Cov-2+ hospitalized patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Respir Med 2023; 209:107155. [PMID: 36796547 PMCID: PMC9927797 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed to address COVID-19- associated respiratory failure. However, its biochemical effects are poorly known. METHOD 50 patients with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia were divided into C group (standard care) and H group (standard care plus HBOT). Blood was obtained at t = 0 and t = 5 days. Oxygen saturation (O2 Sat) was followed up. White blood cell (WC) count, lymphocytes (L) and platelets (P) and serum analysis (glucose, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, ferritin, D dimer, LDH and CRP) were carried out. Plasma levels of sVCAM, sICAM, sPselectin, SAA and MPO, and of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, TNFα, IFNα, IFNγ, IL-15, VEGF, MIP1α, IL-12p70, IL-2 and IP-10) were measured by multiplex assays. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The average basal O2 Sat was 85 ± 3%. The days needed to reach O2 Sat >90% were: H: 3 ± 1 and C: 5 ± 1 (P < 0,01). At term, H increased WC, L and P counts (all, H vs C: P < 0,01). Also, H diminished D dimer levels (H vs C, P < 0,001) and LDH concentration (H vs C, P < 0.01]. At term, H showed lower levels of sVCAM, sPselectin and SAA than C with respect to basal values (H vs C: ΔsVCAM: P < 0,01; ΔsPselectin: P < 0,05; ΔSAA: P < 0,01). Similarly, H showed diminished levels of TNFα (ΔTNFα: P < 0,05) and increased levels of IL-1RA and VEGF than C respect to basal values (H vs C: ΔIL-1RA and ΔVEGF: P < 0,05). CONCLUSION Patients underwent HBOT improved O2 Sat with lower levels of severity markers (WC and platelets count, D dimer, LDH, SAA). Moreover, HBOT reduced proinflammatory agents (sVCAM, sPselectin, TNFα) and increased anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic ones (IL-1RA and VEGF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A Keller
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Vigilancia y Seguridad de Medicamentos, Argentina; Hospital General de Agudos Donación Francisco J. Santojanni, Departamento de Urgencias, Argentina
| | - Ivana Colaianni
- Hospital General de Agudos Donación Francisco J. Santojanni, Departamento de Urgencias, Argentina
| | - Javier Coria
- Universidad de Buenos Aires- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Argentina
| | - Guillermo Di Girolamo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Argentina
| | - Silvia Miranda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Argentina.
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Bru S, González-Marrón A, Lidón-Moyano C, Carballar R, Martínez-Láinez JM, Pérez-Martín H, Fu M, Pérez-Ortuño R, Ballbè M, Pascual JA, Fernández E, Clotet J, Martínez-Sánchez JM. Determination of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in saliva samples and its association with nicotine. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114443. [PMID: 36195157 PMCID: PMC9527194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main receptor of the SARS-CoV-2. There is contradictory evidence on how the exposure to nicotine may module the concentration of soluble ACE2 (sACE2). The aim of this study was to assess the association between nicotine and sACE2 concentrations in saliva samples. METHODS Pooled analysis performed with data retrieved from two studies (n = 634 and n = 302). Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of sACE2, both total and relative to the total amount of protein in the sample, were compared according to sociodemographic variables and variables associated to nicotine. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to explore the associations of sACE2 with nicotine adjusting for sex, age and body mass index. Spearman's rank-correlation coefficients were estimated between the concentrations of nicotine and cotinine, and pack-years, the concentration of relative sACE2 and the isoforms of sACE2. RESULTS We observed a significant increase of 0.108‰ and 0.087 ng/μl in the relative and absolute salivary sACE2 GM concentrations, respectively, between the lowest and highest nicotine levels. Similar results were observed for cotinine. These associations did not change in the multivariable linear models. There was a low correlation of nicotine and cotinine concentration with the concentration of relative salivary sACE2 (rs = 0.153 and rs = 0.132, respectively), pack-years (rs = 0.222 and rs = 0.235, respectively) and with the concentration of isoform 40 KDa (rs = 0.193 and rs = 0.140, respectively). CONCLUSION Salivary nicotine concentration seems to be limitedly associated with the concentration of sACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bru
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián González-Marrón
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lidón-Moyano
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reyes Carballar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Marc Martínez-Láinez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hipólito Pérez-Martín
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcela Fu
- Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Ortuño
- Group of Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Programme, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Ballbè
- Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Addictions Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A Pascual
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Clotet
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose M Martínez-Sánchez
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Robertson J, Nellgård B, Hultén LM, Nilsson S, Dalla K, Börjesson M, Zetterberg H, Svanvik J, Gisslén M. Sex difference in circulating soluble form of ACE2 protein in moderate and severe COVID-19 and healthy controls. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1058120. [PMID: 36569121 PMCID: PMC9773379 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1058120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in epithelial cells is the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The extracellular portion of ACE2 may be shedded to plasma in which process ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) is important. Results on the relationship between circulating levels of the soluble form of ACE2 (sACE2) and disease severity are inconclusive. This study investigates if sACE2 concentration correlates with COVID-19 severity, and whether this is affected by sex. Materials and methods Soluble form of ACE2 was analyzed in three groups: 104 patients (23 women and 81 men) with severe COVID-19 admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), patients with moderate COVID-19 who required hospital care (n = 19, 4 women and 15 men), and age and sex matched healthy controls (n = 20, 4 women and 16 men). Blood samples were collected at hospital admission between 18 March 2020, and 3 May 2021, and at follow-up between 27 October 2020, and 19 October 2021. Circulating sACE2 (μg/L) was measured in EDTA plasma with a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, CRP, ferritin, and lymphocyte count were analyzed during hospital stay. Results In total, 23 patients (22%) died in the ICU. When comparing healthy controls [mean age 58.1 (SD 11.4) years] and patients with moderate COVID-19 [mean age 61.0 (SD 13.2) years] with patients in the ICU [mean age 63.6 (SD 11.6) years], we found that sACE2 concentration decreased (70% reduction) with disease severity in men (p = 0.002) but increased 3.7-fold with severity in women (p = 0.043), suggesting a sex-related difference in how COVID-19 severity is related to sACE2 concentration. Moreover, we identified a relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and sACE2 concentration during the intensive care treatment, such that higher CRP and higher ferritin concentration correlated with lower sACE2 concentration in men. Conclusion The decrease in sACE2 concentration, selectively in men, in severe COVID-19 is of pathophysiological interest since men are affected more severely by the disease compared to women. Additionally, the inflammatory biomarkers, CRP and ferritin, correlated inversely with sACE2 concentration, suggesting a role in severe disease. Our findings imply that sACE2 is a possible biomarker of disease severity in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Robertson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,*Correspondence: Josefina Robertson,
| | - Bengt Nellgård
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Keti Dalla
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Center for Health and Performance, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom,United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joar Svanvik
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Moreno-Perez O, Nuñez J, Sandin-Rollan M, Arrarte V, Boix V, Reus S, Pinargote-Celorio H, Ribes I, Alfayate R, Llorca-Santos MB, Martinez-Garcia MA, Chico-Sánchez P, Merino E. Early carbohydrate antigen 125 as a mortality predictor in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:941512. [PMCID: PMC9631479 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.941512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is an indicator of inflammation, immune response, and impaired cardiac function. The aim was to investigate whether CA125 behaves as a biomarker of severity and poor clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods Serum CA125 [Elecsys CA125 II assay-(Roche Diagnostics GmbH)] was measured in stored biobank samples from COVID-19 hospitalized patients between 01 March 2020 and 17 October 2021. Multiple logistic regression models were built to explore the association between CA125 and clinical outcomes [in-hospital all-cause mortality, need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), or non-invasive respiratory support (non-IRS)], estimating odds ratios (ORs; 95% CI). The gradient of risk of CA125 was evaluated by fractional polynomials. Results A total of 691 patients were included, median age of 63 years (50–76), men (57.2%), with high comorbidity. At admission, 85.8% had pneumonia. Median CA125 was 10.33 U/ml (7.48–15.50). The in-hospital mortality rate was 7.2%. After adjusting for confounding factors, CA125 ≥ 15.5 U/ml (75th percentile) showed an increased risk of death [OR 2.85(1.21–6.71)], as age ≥ 65 years, diabetes, and immunosuppression. Furthermore, CA125 as a continuous variable was positive and significantly associated with the risk of death after multivariate adjustment. The mean hospital stay of the patients with CA125 ≥ 15.5 U/ml was longer than the rest of the study population. Conclusion CA125 in the first 72 h of hospital admission seems a useful biomarker of mortality in hospitalized patients with moderate–severe COVID-19. If our findings are confirmed, the wide availability of this biomarker would make easy its widespread implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Moreno-Perez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Julio Nuñez
- Department of Cardiology Valencia Clinic University Hospital – INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Sandin-Rollan
- Department of Cardiology, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Vicente Arrarte
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Vicente Boix
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergio Reus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Hector Pinargote-Celorio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Ribes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Rocio Alfayate
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Belen Llorca-Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Martinez-Garcia
- Department of Pneumology, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo Chico-Sánchez
- Department of Preventive, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Esperanza Merino
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Alicante General University Hospital - Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- *Correspondence: Esperanza Merino,
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7
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Lennol MP, García-Ayllón MS, Esteban M, García-Arriaza J, Sáez-Valero J. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a potential biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine efficacy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001951. [PMID: 36311758 PMCID: PMC9597869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various species of the SARS-CoV-2 host cell receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), are present in serum, which may result from virus entry and subsequent proteolytic processing of the membrane receptor. We have recently demonstrated changes of particular ACE2 species in virus infected humans, either cleaved fragments or circulating full-length species. Here, we further explore the potential of serum ACE2 as a biomarker to test SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine efficacy in virus susceptible transgenic K18-hACE2 mice expressing human ACE2. First, in serum samples derived from K18-hACE2 mice challenged with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2, we observed an increase in the levels of cleaved ACE2 fragment at day 2 post-challenge, which may represent the subsequent proteolytic processing through virus entry. These elevated levels were maintained until the death of the animals at day 6 post-challenge. The circulating full-length ACE2 form displayed a sizable peak at day 4, which declined at day 6 post-challenge. Noticeably, immunization with two doses of the MVA-CoV2-S vaccine candidate prevented ACE2 cleaved changes in serum of animals challenged with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2. The efficacy of the MVA-CoV2-S was extended to vaccinated mice after virus re-challenge. These findings highlight that ACE2 could be a potential serum biomarker for disease progression and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Lennol
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Salud García-Ayllón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan García-Arriaza, ; Javier Sáez-Valero,
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan García-Arriaza, ; Javier Sáez-Valero,
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Pozdnyakova N, Krisanova N, Pastukhov A, Tarasenko A, Dudarenko M, Chernykh A, Pashenko A, Ryabukhin S, Tolstanova G, Volochnyuk D, Borisova T. Neuromodulation by selective angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitors. Neuroscience 2022; 498:155-173. [PMID: 35817218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, neuromodulatory effects of selective angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitors were investigated. Two different types of small molecule ligands for ACE2 inhibition were selected using chemical genetic approach, they were synthesized using developed chemical method and tested using presynaptic rat brain nerve terminals (synaptosomes). EBC-36032 (1 µM) increased in a dose-dependent manner spontaneous and stimulated ROS generation in nerve terminals that was of non-mitochondrial origin. Another inhibitor EBC-36033 (MLN-4760) was inert regarding modulation of ROS generation. EBC-36032 and EBC-36033 (100 µM) did not modulate the exocytotic release of L-[14C]glutamate, whereas both inhibitors decreased the initial rate of uptake, but not accumulation (10 min) of L-[14C]glutamate by nerve terminals. EBC-36032 (100 µM) decreased the exocytotic release as well as the initial rate and accumulation of [3H]GABA by nerve terminals. EBC-36032 and EBC-36033 did not change the extracellular levels and transporter-mediated release of [3H]GABA and L-[14C]glutamate, and tonic leakage of [3H]GABA from nerve terminals. Therefore, synthesized selective ACE2 inhibitors decreased uptake of glutamate and GABA as well as exocytosis of GABA at the presynaptic level. The initial rate of glutamate uptake was the only parameter that was mitigated by both ACE2 inhibitors despite stereochemistry issues. In terms of ACE2-targeted antiviral/anti-SARS-CoV-2 and other therapies, novel ACE2 inhibitors should be checked on the subject of possible renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-independent neurological side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pozdnyakova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Krisanova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - Artem Pastukhov
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - Alla Tarasenko
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - Marina Dudarenko
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
| | - Anton Chernykh
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine; Enamine Ltd, 78 Chervonotkatska Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Pashenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine; Enamine Ltd, 78 Chervonotkatska Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Sergey Ryabukhin
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine; Enamine Ltd, 78 Chervonotkatska Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Ganna Tolstanova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy Volochnyuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine; Enamine Ltd, 78 Chervonotkatska Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine; Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana Borisova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine.
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9
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Shikama Y, Kurosawa M, Furukawa M, Kudo Y, Ishimaru N, Matsushita K. The Priming Potential of Interferon Lambda-1 for Antiviral Defense in the Oral Mucosa. Inflammation 2022; 45:1348-1361. [PMID: 35044570 PMCID: PMC8767043 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oral mucosa is one of the first lines of the innate host defense system against microbial invasion. Interferon (IFN) lambda-1 (IFN-λ1), a type III IFN, exhibits type I IFN-like antiviral activity. In contrast to ubiquitously expressed type I IFN receptors, IFN-λ receptor 1 (IFN-λR1), which has higher affinity for type III IFNs than low-affinity interleukin (IL)-10 receptor 2, is mainly expressed on epithelial cells. Although IFN-λ1 has been shown to exert antiviral effects in the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, the regulation of type III IFN receptor expression and its functions in the oral mucosa remain unclear. We herein showed the expression of IFN-λR1 in human gingival keratinocytes. The expression of IL-6, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (a critical molecule for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection), and IL-8 in human primary gingival keratinocytes (HGK) were significantly higher following treatments with either type I IFN (IFN-β) or type II IFN (IFN-γ) than with IFN-λ1. However, the IFN-λ1 treatment strongly induced toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), which mainly recognize viral nucleic acids, via the STAT1-mediated pathway. Furthermore, a stimulation with a RIG-I or TLR3 agonist promoted the production of IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-λ in HGK, which was significantly enhanced by a pretreatment with IFN-λ1. These results suggest that IFN-λ1 may contribute to the activation of innate immune responses to oral viral infections by up-regulating the expression of RIG-I and TLR3 and priming their functions in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Shikama
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Mie Kurosawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masae Furukawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, 474-8511, Japan
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10
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Krenn K, Tretter V, Kraft F, Ullrich R. The Renin-Angiotensin System as a Component of Biotrauma in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Physiol 2022; 12:806062. [PMID: 35498160 PMCID: PMC9043684 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.806062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major concern in critical care medicine with a high mortality of over 30%. Injury to the lungs is caused not only by underlying pathological conditions such as pneumonia, sepsis, or trauma, but also by ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) resulting from high positive pressure levels and a high inspiratory oxygen fraction. Apart from mechanical factors that stress the lungs with a specific physical power and cause volutrauma and barotrauma, it is increasingly recognized that lung injury is further aggravated by biological mediators. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased interest in the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the context of ARDS, as the RAS enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 serves as the primary cell entry receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV)-2. Even before this pandemic, studies have documented the involvement of the RAS in VILI and its dysregulation in clinical ARDS. In recent years, analytical tools for RAS investigation have made major advances based on the optimized precision and detail of mass spectrometry. Given that many clinical trials with pharmacological interventions in ARDS were negative, RAS-modifying drugs may represent an interesting starting point for novel therapeutic approaches. Results from animal models have highlighted the potential of RAS-modifying drugs to prevent VILI or treat ARDS. While these drugs have beneficial pulmonary effects, the best targets and application forms for intervention still have to be determined to avoid negative effects on the circulation in clinical settings.
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11
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Maza MDC, Úbeda M, Delgado P, Horndler L, Llamas MA, van Santen HM, Alarcón B, Abia D, García-Bermejo L, Serrano-Villar S, Bastolla U, Fresno M. ACE2 Serum Levels as Predictor of Infectability and Outcome in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836516. [PMID: 35401548 PMCID: PMC8986157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 can generate a broad spectrum of severity and symptoms. Many studies analysed the determinants of severity but not among some types of symptoms. More importantly, very few studies analysed patients highly exposed to the virus that nonetheless remain uninfected. Methods We analysed serum levels of ACE2, Angiotensin II and anti-Spike antibodies in 2 different cohorts at high risk of viral exposure, highly exposed but uninfected subjects, either high risk health care workers or persons cohabiting with infected close relatives and seropositive patients with symptoms. We tested the ability of the sera of these subjects to neutralize lentivirus pseudotyped with the Spike-protein. Results We found that the serum levels of ACE2 are significantly higher in highly exposed but uninfected subjects. Moreover, sera from this seronegative persons can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection in cellular assays more strongly that sera from non-exposed negative controls eventhough they do not have anti-CoV-2 IgG antibodies suggesting that high levels of ACE2 in serum may somewhat protect against an active infection without generating a conventional antibody response. Finally, we show that among patients with symptoms, ACE2 levels were significantly higher in infected patients who developed cutaneous as compared with respiratory symptoms and ACE2 was also higher in those with milder symptoms. Conclusions These findings suggest that soluble ACE2 could be used as a potential biomarker to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and to discriminate COVID-19 disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Maza
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Úbeda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Sanitario Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Horndler
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Llamas
- EMPIREO Diagnóstico Molecular Sociedad Limitada (SL), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hisse M. van Santen
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Balbino Alarcón
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Abia
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García-Bermejo
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ugo Bastolla
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Sanitario Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Ali Kazem T, Zeylabi F, Filayih Hassan A, Paridar P, Pezeshki SP, Pezeshki SMS. Diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: review of a lethal interaction from the cellular and molecular level to the bedside. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:1-19. [PMID: 34781797 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2002145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the main mode of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is close contact with other individuals, the presence of chronic underlying diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) increases the chance of hospitalization and mortality rate due to infection. AREAS COVERED To investigate the effects of COVID-19 infection in DM patients, we reviewed literature from Google Scholar search engine and PubMed database from '2013 to 2020' using the terms "COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Diabetes mellitus; obesity; Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; ACE2; Insulin and Metformin. Evidence suggests that COVID-19 exacerbates the course of diabetes. Presence of pro-inflammatory conditions, increased expression of receptors, and more difficult control of glucose levels in diabetics COVID-19 patients are some of the problems that diabetic patients may face. Also, psychological problems caused by the COVID-19 epidemic in diabetic patients is one of the most important problems in these patients, which is less covered. EXPERT OPINION DM is a strong and independent risk factor with a poor prognosis, which increases the risk of COVID-19 infection, the need for emergency services, the rate of hospitalization in the intensive care unit and also increases the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Zeylabi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Pouria Paridar
- Islamic Azad University, North-Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Pardis Pezeshki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Pezeshki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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13
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Gutiérrez-Chamorro L, Riveira-Muñoz E, Barrios C, Palau V, Nevot M, Pedreño-López S, Senserrich J, Massanella M, Clotet B, Cabrera C, Mitjà O, Crespo M, Pascual J, Riera M, Ballana E. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Modulates ACE2 Function and Subsequent Inflammatory Responses in Swabs and Plasma of COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091715. [PMID: 34578296 PMCID: PMC8471465 DOI: 10.3390/v13091715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a host ectopeptidase and the receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, albeit virus-ACE2 interaction goes far beyond viral entry into target cells. Controversial data exists linking viral infection to changes in ACE2 expression and function, which might influence the subsequent induction of an inflammatory response. Here, we tested the significance of soluble ACE2 enzymatic activity longitudinally in nasopharyngeal swabs and plasma samples of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, along with the induction of inflammatory cytokines. Release of soluble functional ACE2 increases upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in swabs and plasma of infected patients, albeit rapidly decreasing during infection course in parallel with ACE2 gene expression. Similarly, SARS-CoV-2 infection also induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines. These changes positively correlated with the viral load. Overall, our results demonstrate the existence of mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 modulates ACE2 expression and function, intracellular viral sensing and subsequent inflammatory response, offering new insights into ACE2 dynamics in the human upper respiratory tract and pointing towards soluble ACE2 levels as a putative early biomarker of infection severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gutiérrez-Chamorro
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (E.R.-M.); (M.N.); (S.P.-L.); (J.S.); (M.M.); (B.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Eva Riveira-Muñoz
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (E.R.-M.); (M.N.); (S.P.-L.); (J.S.); (M.M.); (B.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Clara Barrios
- Hospital del Mar Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Vanesa Palau
- Hospital del Mar Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Maria Nevot
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (E.R.-M.); (M.N.); (S.P.-L.); (J.S.); (M.M.); (B.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Sònia Pedreño-López
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (E.R.-M.); (M.N.); (S.P.-L.); (J.S.); (M.M.); (B.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Jordi Senserrich
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (E.R.-M.); (M.N.); (S.P.-L.); (J.S.); (M.M.); (B.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Marta Massanella
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (E.R.-M.); (M.N.); (S.P.-L.); (J.S.); (M.M.); (B.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (E.R.-M.); (M.N.); (S.P.-L.); (J.S.); (M.M.); (B.C.); (C.C.)
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Universitat Central de Catalunya, Universitat de Vic, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Cecilia Cabrera
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (E.R.-M.); (M.N.); (S.P.-L.); (J.S.); (M.M.); (B.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Oriol Mitjà
- Fight AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Universitat Central de Catalunya, Universitat de Vic, 08500 Vic, Spain
- Lihir Medical Centre-International SOS, Londolovit, Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea
| | - Marta Crespo
- Hospital del Mar Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Julio Pascual
- Hospital del Mar Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Marta Riera
- Hospital del Mar Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (V.P.); (M.C.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Ester Ballana
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute, Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (E.R.-M.); (M.N.); (S.P.-L.); (J.S.); (M.M.); (B.C.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (E.B.)
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