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Mashhadi Z, Yin L, Dosoky NS, Chen W, Davies SS. Plaat1l1 controls feeding induced NAPE biosynthesis and contributes to energy balance regulation in zebrafish. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106869. [PMID: 38977258 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of energy balance leading to obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. In rodents and several other vertebrates, feeding has been shown to induce a rapid rise in the intestinal levels of N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and the chronic consumption of a high fat diet abolishes this rise. Administering NAEs to rodents consuming a high fat diet reduces their adiposity, in part by reducing food intake and enhancing fat oxidation, so that feeding-induced intestinal NAE biosynthesis appears to be critical to appropriate regulation of energy balance. However, the contribution of feeding-induced intestinal NAE biosynthesis to appropriate energy balance remains poorly understood in part because there are multiple enzymes that can contribute to NAE biosynthesis and the specific enzyme(s) that are responsible for feeding-induced intestinal NAE biosynthesis have not been identified. The rate-limiting step in the intestinal biosynthesis of NAEs is formation of their immediate precursors, the N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs), by phosphatidylethanolamine N-acyltransferases (NATs). At least six NATs are found in humans and multiple homologs of these NATs are found in most vertebrate species. In recent years, the fecundity and small size of zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as their similarities in feeding behavior and energy balance regulation with mammals, have led to their use to model key features of cardiometabolic disease. We therefore searched the Danio rerio genome to identify all NAT homologs and found two additional NAT homologs besides the previously reported plaat1, rarres3, and rarres3l, and used CRISPR/cas9 to delete these two NAT homologs (plaat1l1 and plaat1l2). While wild-type fish markedly increased their intestinal NAPE levels in response to a meal after fasting, this response was completely ablated in plaat1l1-/-fish. Furthermore, plaat1l1-/- fish fed a standard flake diet had increased weight gain and glucose intolerance compared to wild-type fish. The results support a critical role for feeding-induced NAPE and NAE biosynthesis in regulating energy balance and suggest that restoring this response in obese animals could potentially be used to treat obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mashhadi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Linlin Yin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Noura S Dosoky
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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Nicolaou A, Kendall AC. Bioactive lipids in the skin barrier mediate its functionality in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 260:108681. [PMID: 38897295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Our skin protects us from external threats including ultraviolet radiation, pathogens and chemicals, and prevents excessive trans-epidermal water loss. These varied activities are reliant on a vast array of lipids, many of which are unique to skin, and that support physical, microbiological and immunological barriers. The cutaneous physical barrier is dependent on a specific lipid matrix that surrounds terminally-differentiated keratinocytes in the stratum corneum. Sebum- and keratinocyte-derived lipids cover the skin's surface and support and regulate the skin microbiota. Meanwhile, lipids signal between resident and infiltrating cutaneous immune cells, driving inflammation and its resolution in response to pathogens and other threats. Lipids of particular importance include ceramides, which are crucial for stratum corneum lipid matrix formation and therefore physical barrier functionality, fatty acids, which contribute to the acidic pH of the skin surface and regulate the microbiota, as well as the stratum corneum lipid matrix, and bioactive metabolites of these fatty acids, involved in cell signalling, inflammation, and numerous other cutaneous processes. These diverse and complex lipids maintain homeostasis in healthy skin, and are implicated in many cutaneous diseases, as well as unrelated systemic conditions with skin manifestations, and processes such as ageing. Lipids also contribute to the gut-skin axis, signalling between the two barrier sites. Therefore, skin lipids provide a valuable resource for exploration of healthy cutaneous processes, local and systemic disease development and progression, and accessible biomarker discovery for systemic disease, as well as an opportunity to fully understand the relationship between the host and the skin microbiota. Investigation of skin lipids could provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and help identify new targets for interventions. Development and improvement of existing in vitro and in silico approaches to explore the cutaneous lipidome, as well as advances in skin lipidomics technologies, will facilitate ongoing progress in skin lipid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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3
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Hakoi H, Miki Y, Nomura S, Nakajima K, Terashima-Murase C, Takeichi T, Sano S, Akiyama M, Sakasegawa SI, Murakami M, Yamamoto K. Lysophospholipase D from Thermocrispum limits psoriatic inflammation by hydrolyzing epidermal lysoplasmalogen produced by group IIF secreted phospholipase A 2. Biochimie 2023; 215:75-87. [PMID: 37802209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal lipids play important roles in skin homeostasis and diseases. Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and Th17 immune responses. We previously reported that ethanolamine-type lysoplasmalogen (P-LPE), preferentially produced by group IIF secreted PLA2 (sPLA2-IIF/PLA2G2F) that is expressed in the suprabasal epidermis, promotes epidermal hyperplasia in psoriatic inflammation. Herein, we show that forcible degradation of epidermal P-LPE by topical application of recombinant lysophospholipase D (LyPls-PLD) from Thermocrispum, a lysoplasmalogen-specific hydrolase, attenuated epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation in imiquimod-induced and K5.Stat3C-transgenic mouse psoriasis models. In humans, P-LPE levels were elevated in the tape-stripped stratum corneum of patients with psoriasis. Moreover, in primary cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, aberrant cell proliferation and activation by psoriatic cytokines were sPLA2-IIF/P-LPE-dependent and were suppressed by the addition of LyPls-PLD with a decrease in P-LPE. These findings confirm that the sPLA2-IIF/P-LPE axis in the epidermis indeed regulates psoriasis, that P-LPE is a lipid biomarker that predicts the severity of psoriasis, and that pharmacological removal of this bioactive lipid is useful to prevent the disease. Thus, our study may lead to the development of drug discovery and diagnostic techniques based on this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Hakoi
- Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Saki Nomura
- Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Kimiko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
| | | | - Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Shigetoshi Sano
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Sakasegawa
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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Maccarrone M, Di Marzo V, Gertsch J, Grether U, Howlett AC, Hua T, Makriyannis A, Piomelli D, Ueda N, van der Stelt M. Goods and Bads of the Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target: Lessons Learned after 30 Years. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:885-958. [PMID: 37164640 PMCID: PMC10441647 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabis derivative marijuana is the most widely used recreational drug in the Western world and is consumed by an estimated 83 million individuals (∼3% of the world population). In recent years, there has been a marked transformation in society regarding the risk perception of cannabis, driven by its legalization and medical use in many states in the United States and worldwide. Compelling research evidence and the Food and Drug Administration cannabis-derived cannabidiol approval for severe childhood epilepsy have confirmed the large therapeutic potential of cannabidiol itself, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other plant-derived cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids). Of note, our body has a complex endocannabinoid system (ECS)-made of receptors, metabolic enzymes, and transporters-that is also regulated by phytocannabinoids. The first endocannabinoid to be discovered 30 years ago was anandamide (N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine); since then, distinct elements of the ECS have been the target of drug design programs aimed at curing (or at least slowing down) a number of human diseases, both in the central nervous system and at the periphery. Here a critical review of our knowledge of the goods and bads of the ECS as a therapeutic target is presented to define the benefits of ECS-active phytocannabinoids and ECS-oriented synthetic drugs for human health. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The endocannabinoid system plays important roles virtually everywhere in our body and is either involved in mediating key processes of central and peripheral diseases or represents a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of the components of this complex system, and in particular of key receptors (like cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2) and metabolic enzymes (like fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase), will advance our understanding of endocannabinoid signaling and activity at molecular, cellular, and system levels, providing new opportunities to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Uwe Grether
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Allyn C Howlett
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Tian Hua
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
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Huang X, Gou W, Song Q, Huang Y, Wen C, Bo X, Jiang X, Feng J, Gao H. A BRAF mutation-associated gene risk model for predicting the prognosis of melanoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15939. [PMID: 37205993 PMCID: PMC10189240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAF mutation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of melanoma and is correlated to the prognosis of melanoma patients. However, fewer studies have attempted to develop a BRAF mutation-associated gene risk model for predicting the prognosis of melanoma. The current research explores BRAF mutation-related biological features in melanoma and establishes a prognostic signature. First, we identified three significantly enriched KEGG pathways (glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglio series, ether lipid metabolism, and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis - keratan sulfate) and corresponding genes in the BRAF mutant group by gene set enrichment analysis. We then developed a prognostic signature based on 7 BRAF-associated genes (PLA2G2D, FUT8, PLA2G4E, PLA2G5, PLA2G1B, B3GNT2, and ST3GAL5) and assessed its prediction accuracy using ROC curve analysis. Finally, the nomogram was established according to the prognostic signature and independent clinical characteristics to predict the survival of melanoma patients. Furthermore, we found higher proportions of naive B cells, plasma cells, CD8 T cells, CD4 memory-activated T cells, and regulatory T cells in the low-risk group. Whereas lower proportions of M0, M1, and M2 macrophages and resting NK cells were observed in the high-risk group. The analysis also showed a significantly higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, BTLA, CD28, CD80, CD86, HAVCR2, ICOS, LAG3, and TIGIT) in the low-risk group. Our results provide novel insights into the effect of BRAF mutation on melanoma growth and indicate a promising direction toward immunotherapy and precision medicine in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanrong Gou
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinxian Song
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, 629000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunlei Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue Bo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Yamamoto K, Hakoi H, Nomura S, Murakami M. The Roles of sPLA 2s in Skin Homeostasis and Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040668. [PMID: 37189415 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family, the secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) family in mammals contains 11 members that exhibit unique tissue or cellular distributions and enzymatic properties. Current studies using knockout and/or transgenic mice for a nearly full set of sPLA2s, in combination with comprehensive lipidomics, have revealed the diverse pathophysiological roles of sPLA2s in various biological events. Individual sPLA2s exert specific functions within tissue microenvironments, likely through the hydrolysis of extracellular phospholipids. Lipids are an essential biological component for skin homeostasis, and disturbance of lipid metabolism by deletion or overexpression of lipid-metabolizing enzymes or lipid-sensing receptors often leads to skin abnormalities that are easily visible on the outside. Over the past decades, our studies using knockout and transgenic mice for various sPLA2s have uncovered several new aspects of these enzymes as modulators of skin homeostasis and disease. This article summarizes the roles of several sPLA2s in skin pathophysiology, providing additional insight into the research fields of sPLA2s, lipids, and skin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jyosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Haruka Hakoi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jyosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Saki Nomura
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jyosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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7
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The phospholipase A 2 superfamily as a central hub of bioactive lipids and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108382. [PMID: 36918102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
In essence, "phospholipase A2" (PLA2) means a group of enzymes that release fatty acids and lysophospholipids by hydrolyzing the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids. To date, more than 50 enzymes possessing PLA2 or related lipid-metabolizing activities have been identified in mammals, and these are subdivided into several families in terms of their structures, catalytic mechanisms, tissue/cellular localizations, and evolutionary relationships. From a general viewpoint, the PLA2 superfamily has mainly been implicated in signal transduction, driving the production of a wide variety of bioactive lipid mediators. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that PLA2s also contribute to phospholipid remodeling or recycling for membrane homeostasis, fatty acid β-oxidation for energy production, and barrier lipid formation on the body surface. Accordingly, PLA2 enzymes are considered one of the key regulators of a broad range of lipid metabolism, and perturbation of specific PLA2-driven lipid pathways often disrupts tissue and cellular homeostasis and may be associated with a variety of diseases. This review covers current understanding of the physiological functions of the PLA2 superfamily, focusing particularly on the two major intracellular PLA2 families (Ca2+-dependent cytosolic PLA2s and Ca2+-independent patatin-like PLA2s) as well as other PLA2 families, based on studies using gene-manipulated mice and human diseases in combination with comprehensive lipidomics.
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Nicolaou A, Kendall AC. Current insights into skin lipids and their roles in cutaneous health and disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:83-90. [PMID: 36574279 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The unique and complex array of cutaneous lipids include essential components of the skin structure and signalling molecules mediating homeostasis and inflammation. Understanding skin lipid biology and metabolism can support our comprehension of health and disease, including systemic conditions with cutaneous involvement. RECENT FINDINGS Lipids found on the skin surface, produced by both the host and resident microbes, maintain and regulate the skin microbiome and the epidermal barrier, whilst altered contributions from either source can be detrimental to skin health. The unique lipid composition of the epidermal barrier is essential for its function, and recent studies have expanded our understanding of epidermal ceramide production. This has been supported by improved models available for skin research, including organotypic skin models enabling in-vitro production of complex acylceramides for the first time, and model systems facilitating in-silico exploration of the lipid profile changes observed in clinical samples. Studies have revealed further involvement of lipid mediators such as eicosanoids in cutaneous inflammation, as well as immune regulation in both healthy and diseased skin. SUMMARY Skin lipids offer exciting opportunities as therapeutic targets for many conditions, whether through topical interventions or nutritional supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Biology, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences
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Mock ED, Gagestein B, van der Stelt M. Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101194. [PMID: 36150527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA, anandamide), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) and their oxygenated metabolites are a lipid messenger family with numerous functions in health and disease, including inflammation, anxiety and energy metabolism. The NAEs exert their signaling role through activation of various G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, GPR55, GPR110, GPR119), ion channels (TRPV1) and nuclear receptors (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ) in the brain and periphery. The biological role of the oxygenated NAEs, such as prostamides, hydroxylated anandamide and DHEA derivatives, are less studied. Evidence is accumulating that NAEs and their oxidative metabolites may be aberrantly regulated or are associated with disease severity in obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, neuroinflammation and liver cirrhosis. Here, we comprehensively review NAE biosynthesis and degradation, their metabolism by lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases and cytochrome P450s and the biological functions of these signaling lipids. We discuss the latest findings and therapeutic potential of modulating endogenous NAE levels by inhibition of their degradation, which is currently under clinical evaluation for neuropsychiatric disorders. We also highlight NAE biosynthesis inhibition as an emerging topic with therapeutic opportunities in endocannabinoid and NAE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Gagestein
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
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Rahman SMK, Hussain Z, Morito K, Takahashi N, Sikder MM, Tanaka T, Ohta KI, Ueno M, Takahashi H, Yamamoto T, Murakami M, Uyama T, Ueda N. Formation of N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines by cytosolic phospholipase A 2ε in an ex vivo murine model of brain ischemia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159222. [PMID: 35988872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
N-Acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs), a minor class of membrane glycerophospholipids, accumulate along with their bioactive metabolites, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) during ischemia. NAPEs can be formed through N-acylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by cytosolic phospholipase A2ε (cPLA2ε, also known as PLA2G4E) or members of the phospholipase A and acyltransferase (PLAAT) family. However, the enzyme responsible for the NAPE production in brain ischemia has not yet been clarified. Here, we investigated a possible role of cPLA2ε using cPLA2ε-deficient (Pla2g4e-/-) mice. As analyzed with brain homogenates of wild-type mice, the age dependency of Ca2+-dependent NAPE-forming activity showed a bell-shape pattern being the highest at the first week of postnatal life, and the activity was completely abolished in Pla2g4e-/- mice. However, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the NAPE levels of normal brain were similar between wild-type and Pla2g4e-/- mice. In contrast, post-mortal accumulations of NAPEs and most species of NAEs were only observed in decapitated brains of wild-type mice. These results suggested that cPLA2ε is responsible for Ca2+-dependent formation of NAPEs in the brain as well as the accumulation of NAPEs and NAEs during ischemia, while other enzyme(s) appeared to be involved in the maintenance of basal NAPE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Khaledur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Zahir Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan; Department of Pathology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katsuya Morito
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ohta
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroo Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan.
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan.
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Murakami M, Takamiya R, Miki Y, Sugimoto N, Nagasaki Y, Suzuki-Yamamoto T, Taketomi Y. Segregated functions of two cytosolic phospholipase A 2 isoforms (cPLA 2α and cPLA 2ε) in lipid mediator generation. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115176. [PMID: 35841927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily, group IVA cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2α) is currently attracting much attention as a central regulator of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism linked to eicosanoid biosynthesis. Following cell activation, cPLA2α selectively releases AA, a precursor of a variety of eicosanoids, from phospholipids in perinuclear membrane compartments. cPLA2α-null mice display various phenotypes that could be largely explained by reduced eicosanoid signaling. In contrast, group IVE cPLA2ε, another member of the cPLA2 family, acts as a Ca2+-dependent N-acyltransferase rather than a PLA2, thereby regulating the biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), a unique class of lipid mediators with an anti-inflammatory effect. In response to Ca2+ signaling, cPLA2ε translocates to phosphatidylserine-rich organelle membranes in the endocytic/recycling pathway. In vivo, cPLA2ε is induced in keratinocytes of psoriatic skin, and its genetic deletion exacerbates psoriatic inflammation due to a marked reduction of NAE-related lipids. cPLA2ε also contributes to NAE generation in several if not all mouse tissues. Thus, the two members of the cPLA2 family, cPLA2α and cPLA2ε, catalyze distinct enzymatic reactions to mobilize distinct sets of lipid mediators, thereby differently regulating pathophysiological events in health and disease. Such segregation of the cPLA2α-eicosanoid and cPLA2ε-NAE pathways represents a new paradigm of research on PLA2s and lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Rina Takamiya
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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