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Liu C, Qie M, Hu X, Wang H, Fang G, Wang S. Construction of a piezoelectric immunosensor for ultra-sensitive and highly selective detection of ribavirin in animal-derived foods. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2497-2503. [PMID: 35703169 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a suppressive piezoelectric immunosensor based on the ultra-sensitive quartz crystal microbalance and highly specific immunosorbent assay was constructed for the detection of ribavirin for the first time. The carboxyl group was modified on the surface of the gold electrode by electropolymerization, and then the carboxyl group was combined with the amino-modified antigen, and then the corresponding antibody was able to bind to it according to the principle of immune recognition, which interlocked to cause the frequency change of the piezoelectric sensor. The preparation conditions of the sensor and the antibody concentration were optimized, and the performance of the sensor was evaluated. Under the optimal conditions, a wide linear range of 1-750 μg L-1, a low detection limit (IC15) of 2.64 μg L-1, and a good sensitivity (IC50) of 31.49 μg L-1 were obtained. The sensor was used for the detection of ribavirin in chicken and milk samples, and the recovery rate ranged from 88.01 to 94.42%, which shows satisfactory consistency with the detection results of high performance liquid chromatography. It was suggested that the proposed piezoelectric immunosensor has good sensitivity and selectivity for ribavirin, and can be applied to the detection of actual food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Meili Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xuelian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Guozhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Su PS, Su CW, Wu SH, Wei TH, Chu CJ, Lin CC, Lee SD, Wang YJ, Lee FY, Huang YH, Hou MC. Well tolerability and highly effective treatment response for hepatitis C virus-human immunodeficiency virus-coinfected patients treated by all-oral direct-acting antivirals. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:465-471. [PMID: 33871393 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection is common because the two pathogens share their transmission route. Studies have suggested that coinfection is associated with accelerated hepatic fibrosis, increased hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma development. Historically, the sustained virological response (SVR) rates for patients undergoing pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-based therapy are poor owing to advanced liver disease, immune dysfunction, and poor medical adherence. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in HCV-HIV-coinfected patients. METHODS Between January 2017 and February 2020, 52 consecutive HCV-HIV-coinfected patients treated with oral DAAs (paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir: 7; daclatasvir and asunaprevir: 1; glecaprevir and pibrentasvir: 15; and sofosbuvir-based drugs: 29) were enrolled. The DAA regimen was selected based on the genotype/subtypes, patient characteristics, potential drug-drug interaction profiles, and health insurance reimbursement criteria. SVR12 was defined as undetectable HCV RNA (<15 IU/mL) at the end of therapy and 12 weeks after therapy completion. RESULTS The mean age of the enrolled patients was 42 ± 10.2 years; 92.3% of the patients were male and 32.7% had advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Nine (17.3%) patients had failed previous IFN therapy. The genotype distribution was as follows: 1a: 8; 1b: 23; 2: 14; 3: 1; and 6: 6. The baseline HCV RNA level before DAA administration was 6.56 ± 0.9 log10 IU/mL, and 67.3% of patients had baseline HCV RNA >2 000 000 IU/mL. After posttreatment follow-up, all 52 patients (100%) achieved SVR12. Subjective and laboratory adverse events during therapy were generally mild, and none of the patients terminated therapy early. CONCLUSION A highly effective treatment response and good tolerability were achieved using the oral DAAs for the HCV-HIV-coinfected patient population, which has been considered difficult to treat using IFN-based therapy in the past with urgent unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Shuo Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Wei Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sih-Hsien Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tien-Hsin Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Jen Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Chi Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shou-Dong Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Jen Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fa-Yauh Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Sugawara S, El-Diwany R, Cohen LK, Rousseau KE, Williams CYK, Veenhuis RT, Mehta SH, Blankson JN, Thomas DL, Cox AL, Balagopal A. People with HIV-1 demonstrate type 1 interferon refractoriness associated with upregulated USP18. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01777-20. [PMID: 33658340 PMCID: PMC8139647 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01777-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection persists in humans despite expression of antiviral type 1 interferons (IFN). Even exogenous administration of IFNα only marginally reduces HIV-1 abundance, raising the hypothesis that people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) are refractory to type 1 IFN. We demonstrated type 1 IFN refractoriness in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from HIV-1 infected persons by detecting diminished STAT1 phosphorylation (pSTAT1) and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) induction upon type 1 IFN stimulation compared to healthy controls. Importantly, HIV-1 infected people who were virologically suppressed with antiretrovirals also showed type 1 IFN refractoriness. We found that USP18 levels were elevated in people with refractory pSTAT1 and ISG induction and confirmed this finding ex vivo in CD4+ T cells from another cohort of HIV-HCV coinfected persons who received exogenous pegylated interferon-α2b in a clinical trial. We used a cell culture model to recapitulate type 1 IFN refractoriness in uninfected CD4+ T cells that were conditioned with media from HIV-1 inoculated PBMCs, inhibiting de novo infection with antiretroviral agents. In this model, RNA interference against USP18 partly restored type 1 IFN responses in CD4+ T cells. We found evidence of type 1 IFN refractoriness in PLWH irrespective of virologic suppression that was associated with upregulated USP18, a process that might be therapeutically targeted to improve endogenous control of infection.ImportancePeople living with HIV-1 (PLWH) have elevated constitutive expression of type 1 interferons (IFN). However, it is unclear whether this impacts downstream innate immune responses. We identified refractory responses to type 1 IFN stimulation in T cells from PLWH, independent of antiretroviral treatment. Type 1 IFN refractoriness was linked to elevated USP18 levels in the same cells. Moreover, we found that USP18 levels predicted the anti-HIV-1 effect of type 1 IFN-based therapy on PLWH. In vitro, we demonstrated that refractory type 1 IFN responses were transferrable to HIV-1 uninfected target CD4+ T cells, and this phenomenon was mediated by type 1 IFN from HIV-1 infected cells. Type 1 IFN responses were partially restored by USP18 knockdown. Our findings illuminate a new mechanism by which HIV-1 contributes to innate immune dysfunction in PLWH, through the continuous production of type 1 IFN that induces a refractory state of responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sugawara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramy El-Diwany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura K Cohen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly E Rousseau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rebecca T Veenhuis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel N Blankson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David L Thomas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Huffman V, Andrade DC, Sherman E, Niu J, Eckardt PA. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection with crushed ledipasvir/sofosbuvir administered through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube in a patient with HIV coinfection. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021; 78:36-40. [PMID: 33037429 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir is an oral combination therapy containing fixed doses of direct-acting antiviral agents indicated for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Currently there are limited data on the clinical efficacy of crushed ledipasvir/sofosbuvir administered via feeding tube. SUMMARY This case report discusses the successful treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1b infection with crushed ledipasvir/sofosbuvir administered through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection and high-grade sarcoma who had severe swallowing difficulties. The patient received crushed ledipasvir/sofosbuvir daily for a total of 12 weeks. At 12 weeks the patient had achieved a sustained virologic response. CONCLUSION Currently, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir is available only as a tablet, with limited pharmacokinetic data available to guide clinicians on use of the fixed-dose combination medication in crushed form. This case report highlights our experience treating a patient with HCV/HIV coinfection through administration of crushed ledipasvir/sofosbuvir via PEG tube, which we found to be a safe and effective therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Huffman
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Hospital West, Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL
| | - Diana C Andrade
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Hospital West, Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL
| | - Elizabeth Sherman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Memorial Regional Hospital, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL.,College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | - Jianli Niu
- Office of Human Research, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL
| | - Paula A Eckardt
- Division of Infectious Disease, Memorial Regional Hospital, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL
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Bolarin JA, Oluwatoyosi MA, Orege JI, Ayeni EA, Ibrahim YA, Adeyemi SB, Tiamiyu BB, Gbadegesin LA, Akinyemi TO, Odoh CK, Umeobi HI, Adeoye ABE. Therapeutic drugs for SARS-CoV-2 treatment: Current state and perspective. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107228. [PMID: 33302035 PMCID: PMC7691844 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The disease caused by viral pneumonia called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2) declared by the World Health Organization is a global pandemic that the world has witnessed since the last Ebola epidemic, SARS and MERS viruses. Many chemical compounds with antiviral activity are currently undergoing clinical investigation in order to find treatments for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. On-going drug-drug interaction examinations on new, existing, and repurposed antiviral drugs are yet to provide adequate safety, toxicological, and effective monitoring protocols. This review presents an overview of direct and indirect antiviral drugs, antibiotics, and immune-stimulants used in the management of SARS-CoV-2. It also seeks to outline the recent development of drugs with anti-coronavirus effects; their mono and combination therapy in managing the disease vis-à-vis their biological sources and chemistry. Co-administration of these drugs and their interactions were discussed to provide significant insight into how adequate monitoring of patients towards effective health management could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Adedeji Bolarin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mercy Adaramodu Oluwatoyosi
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Joshua Iseoluwa Orege
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Emmanuel Ayodeji Ayeni
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu PMB 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yusuf Ajibola Ibrahim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Bashir Bolaji Tiamiyu
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanre Anthony Gbadegesin
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Toluwanimi Oluwadara Akinyemi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuks Kenneth Odoh
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Happiness Ijeoma Umeobi
- Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Adenike Bernice-Eloise Adeoye
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Tate PM, Mastrodomenico V, Mounce BC. Ribavirin Induces Polyamine Depletion via Nucleotide Depletion to Limit Virus Replication. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2620-2633.e4. [PMID: 31484073 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common antivirals include nucleoside or nucleotide analogs with base prodrugs. The antiviral ribavirin, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved nucleoside antimetabolite, halts guanine production, mutagenizes viral genomes, and activates interferon signaling. Here, we find that ribavirin induces spermidine-spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1), a polyamine catabolic enzyme. Polyamines are small, positively charged molecules involved in cellular functions such as transcription and translation. Previous work showed that SAT1 activation and polyamine depletion interfere with RNA virus replication. We show ribavirin depletes polyamines via SAT1, in conjunction with its known mechanisms. SAT1 transcripts, protein, and activity are induced in a dose-dependent manner, which depletes polyamine levels and reduces viral titers. Inhibition of SAT1 activity, pharmacologically or genetically, reduces ribavirin's effectiveness against three virus infection models. Additionally, ribavirin-mediated polyamine depletion results from nucleotide pool depletion. These data demonstrate another mechanism of ribavirin that inform its clinical effectiveness, which may provide insight for improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Tate
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Liu W, Zhu HL, Duan Y. Effective Chemicals against Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in China. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:603-605. [PMID: 32133962 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620999200305145032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Hai-liang Zhu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, 450018, China
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Wei Y, Li W, Du T, Hong Z, Lin J. Targeting HIV/HCV Coinfection Using a Machine Learning-Based Multiple Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (Multiple QSAR) Method. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143572. [PMID: 31336592 PMCID: PMC6678913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfection occurs when a patient is simultaneously infected with both human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is common today in certain populations. However, the treatment of coinfection is a challenge because of the special considerations needed to ensure hepatic safety and avoid drug–drug interactions. Multitarget inhibitors with less toxicity may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for HIV/HCV coinfection. However, the identification of one molecule that acts on multiple targets simultaneously by experimental evaluation is costly and time-consuming. In silico target prediction tools provide more opportunities for the development of multitarget inhibitors. In this study, by combining Naïve Bayes (NB) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms with two types of molecular fingerprints, MACCS and extended connectivity fingerprints 6 (ECFP6), 60 classification models were constructed to predict compounds that were active against 11 HIV-1 targets and four HCV targets based on a multiple quantitative structure–activity relationships (multiple QSAR) method. Five-fold cross-validation and test set validation were performed to measure the performance of the 60 classification models. Our results show that the 60 multiple QSAR models appeared to have high classification accuracy in terms of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values, which ranged from 0.83 to 1 with a mean value of 0.97 for the HIV-1 models and from 0.84 to 1 with a mean value of 0.96 for the HCV models. Furthermore, the 60 models were used to comprehensively predict the potential targets of an additional 46 compounds, including 27 approved HIV-1 drugs, 10 approved HCV drugs and nine selected compounds known to be active against one or more targets of HIV-1 or HCV. Finally, 20 hits, including seven approved HIV-1 drugs, four approved HCV drugs, and nine other compounds, were predicted to be HIV/HCV coinfection multitarget inhibitors. The reported bioactivity data confirmed that seven out of nine compounds actually interacted with HIV-1 and HCV targets simultaneously with diverse binding affinities. The remaining predicted hits and chemical-protein interaction pairs with the potential ability to suppress HIV/HCV coinfection are worthy of further experimental investigation. This investigation shows that the multiple QSAR method is useful in predicting chemical-protein interactions for the discovery of multitarget inhibitors and provides a unique strategy for the treatment of HIV/HCV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
- Platform of Pharmaceutical Intelligence, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Tengfei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jianping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, China.
- Platform of Pharmaceutical Intelligence, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300000, China.
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
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Fialho R, Pereira M, Harrison N, Rusted J, Whale R. Co-infection with HIV associated with reduced vulnerability to symptoms of depression during antiviral treatment for hepatitis C. Psychiatry Res 2017; 253:150-157. [PMID: 28365538 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this prospective study, we examined new-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) and the differential expression of depressive symptoms in a sample of 132 HCV mono-infected and 40 HIV/HCV co-infected patients initiating pegylated interferon-based treatment, including protease inhibitor therapy. The semi-structured clinical interview (SCID-I) was used to assess MDD. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Of the total sample, 60 patients (34.9%) developed SCID-I defined MDD during antiviral treatment. The proportion of HCV mono- and HIV/HCV patients developing MDD during treatment was not significantly different (37.9% vs. 25%; p=0.185). In both groups, there was a significant increase in HAMD total score from baseline to week 4, and a significant decrease between week 24 and 6 months post-treatment cessation. The greatest increase was observed in the symptoms of the neurovegetative syndrome. HCV mono-infected patients reported higher scores than co-infected patients, particularly impaired activity and somatic symptoms, but the differences were only significant at week 12. The finding that co-infected patients appear less vulnerable to the development of depressive symptoms during HCV treatment than HCV mono-infected patients warrants further exploration, including a thorough analysis of the biological and psychosocial factors associated with this emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Fialho
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom; Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Pereira
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Neil Harrison
- Clinical Imaging Science Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Rusted
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Whale
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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10
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Nelson M, Rubio R, Lazzarin A, Romanova S, Luetkemeyer A, Conway B, Molina JM, Xu D, Srinivasan S, Portsmouth S. Safety and Efficacy of Pegylated Interferon Lambda, Ribavirin, and Daclatasvir in HCV and HIV-Coinfected Patients. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:103-111. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nelson
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Rubio
- Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre, Centro de Actividades Ambulatorias, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Svetlana Romanova
- State Research Center-Institute of Biophysics, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Annie Luetkemeyer
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brian Conway
- Vancouver Infectious Diseases Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Dong Xu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut
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Fialho R, Pereira M, Rusted J, Whale R. Depression in HIV and HCV co-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017; 22:1089-1104. [PMID: 28100073 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1280177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the differences in the prevalence of depression and presence of depressive symptoms between HIV/HCV co-infection, HIV mono-infection, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infection. A systematic electronic search of bibliographic databases was performed to locate articles published from the earliest available online until December 2014. Outcomes of depression were based on clinical interviews and validated self-reported measures of depression/depressive symptoms. Of the 188 records initially screened, 29 articles were included in the descriptive systematic review and six were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analytic results indicated that, as measured by self-reported measures of depression, HIV/HCV co-infected patients were significantly more likely to report depressive symptoms than either HIV (SMD = .24, 95% CI: .03-.46, p = .02) or HCV mono-infected (SMD = .55, 95% CI: .17-.94, p = .005) patients. The variability of the results of the reviewed studies, largely dependent on the samples' characteristics and the methods of assessment of depression, suggests that a clear interpretation of how depression outcomes are affected by the presence of HIV/HCV co-infection is still needed. Failing to diagnose depression or to early screen depressive symptoms may have a significant impact on patients' overall functioning and compromise treatments' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Fialho
- a School of Psychology , University of Sussex , Brighton , UK.,b Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust , Brighton , UK
| | - Marco Pereira
- c Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Jennifer Rusted
- a School of Psychology , University of Sussex , Brighton , UK
| | - Richard Whale
- b Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust , Brighton , UK.,d Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , UK
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Boceprevir plus pegylated interferon/ribavirin to re-treat hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in HIV-HCV co-infected patients: final results of the Spanish BOC HIV-HCV Study. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 53:46-51. [PMID: 27815225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Boceprevir (BOC) was one of the first oral inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease to be developed. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of BOC+pegylated interferon-α2a/ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) in the retreatment of HIV-HCV co-infected patients with HCV genotype 1. METHODS This was a phase III prospective trial. HIV-HCV (genotype 1) co-infected patients from 16 hospitals in Spain were included. These patients received 4 weeks of PEG-IFN/RBV (lead-in), followed by response-guided therapy with PEG-IFN/RBV plus BOC (a fixed 44 weeks was indicated in the case of cirrhosis). The primary endpoint was the sustained virological response (SVR) rate at 24 weeks post-treatment. Efficacy and safety were evaluated in all patients who received at least one dose of the study drug. RESULTS From June 2013 to April 2014, 102 patients were enrolled, 98 of whom received at least one treatment dose. Seventy-three percent were male, 34% were cirrhotic, 23% had IL28b CC, 65% had genotype 1a, and 41% were previous null responders. The overall SVR rate was 67%. Previous null-responders and cirrhotic patients had lower SVR rates (57% and 51%, respectively). Seventy-six patients (78%) completed the therapy scheme; the most common reasons for discontinuation were lack of response at week 12 (12 patients) and adverse events (six patients). CONCLUSIONS Response-guided therapy with BOC in combination with PEG-IFN/RBV led to an overall SVR rate of 67%, but an SVR rate of only 51% in patients with cirrhosis. The therapy was generally well tolerated. Although the current standards of care do not include BOC+PEG-IFN/RBV, the authors believe that this combination can be beneficial in situations where new HCV direct antiviral agent interferon-free therapies are not available yet.
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Milazzo L, Lai A, Calvi E, Ronzi P, Micheli V, Binda F, Ridolfo AL, Gervasoni C, Galli M, Antinori S, Sollima S. Direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected and HCV/HIV-coinfected patients: real-life safety and efficacy. HIV Med 2016; 18:284-291. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Milazzo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - A Lai
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - E Calvi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - P Ronzi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - V Micheli
- Clinical Microbiology Virology and Diagnosis of Bioemergency; L. Sacco University Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - F Binda
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - AL Ridolfo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - C Gervasoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - M Galli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - S Antinori
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - S Sollima
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco; University of Milan; Milan Italy
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge of IFN-antiviral activity against HIV infection dates from the first years of the AIDS epidemic. Recombinant IFN had an inhibitory effect on HIV and was not toxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and this finding was the basis for the design of clinical trials that evaluated the potential role of IFN-alpha as an inhibitor of HIV replication. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the history of IFN-alpha in the treatment of HIV infection with reviews of studies performed in different clinical settings; in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, as part of a structured treatment interruption (STI) strategy, in acute HIV infection, as part of salvage therapy, and eliminating the HIV reservoir. EXPERT OPINION The role of IFN-alpha has been dismissed in the area of HIV therapy. For this reason, with the advent of HAART, which substantially reduced mortality and the appearance of AIDS, IFN-alpha ceased to be used as an antiretroviral agent in different strategies. In contrast, because of the promising results achieved with IFN-alpha therapy in eliminating the HIV viral reservoir, this may constitute the main research field for IFN-alpha in the HIV setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rivero-Juárez
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba , Cordoba , Spain
| | - Mario Frias
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba , Cordoba , Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- a Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) , Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba , Cordoba , Spain
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15
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Chen Yi Mei SLG, Burchell J, Skinner N, Millen R, Matthews G, Hellard M, Dore GJ, Desmond PV, Sundararajan V, Thompson AJ, Visvanathan K, Sasadeusz J. Toll-like Receptor Expression and Signaling in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Correlate With Clinical Outcomes in Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:739-47. [PMID: 27284092 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms by which spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C occurs are unclear. A critical role for the innate immune system and IFNL4 polymorphisms has been proposed. This study investigates whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and signaling during acute hepatitis C correlates with clinical outcomes. METHODS Participants identified from the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C and the Networks study were followed longitudinally from the time of diagnosis of acute hepatitis C. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were collected at and 2 time points after diagnosis. At each time point, TLR2, TLR4, and CD86 expression on peripheral blood monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and NK T cells was measured, as well as the response of PBMCs to stimulation with TLR ligands. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured in stimulated PBMCs and plasma. RESULTS We identified 20 participants with acute hepatitis C (10 with hepatitis C virus [HCV] monoinfection and 10 with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection). Eleven participants (55%) spontaneously cleared HCV. Acute hepatitis C and spontaneous clearance was associated with lower TLR4 expression on monocytes (P = .009) and NK cells (P = .029). Acute hepatitis C and spontaneous clearance was also associated with a reduced interferon γ response to TLR4 (P = .038) and TLR7/8 stimulation (P = .035), a reduced interleukin 6 response to TLR7/8 stimulation (P = .037), and reduced IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) response to TLR2 stimulation (P = .042). Lower plasma IP-10 levels were associated with spontaneous clearance (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate TLR4 signaling as playing a critical role in the outcome of acute hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Lin G Chen Yi Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Jodie Burchell
- Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne
| | - Narelle Skinner
- Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Rosie Millen
- Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Gail Matthews
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute Department of Infectious Diseases, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Vijaya Sundararajan
- Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne
| | - Alexander J Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Kumar Visvanathan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital and the University of Melbourne
| | - Joe Sasadeusz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Melbourne Hospital
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Townsend K, Petersen T, Gordon LA, Kohli A, Nelson A, Seamon C, Gross C, Tang L, Osinusi A, Polis MA, Masur H, Kottilil S. Effect of HIV co-infection on adherence to a 12-week regimen of hepatitis C virus therapy with ledipasvir and sofosbuvir. AIDS 2016; 30:261-6. [PMID: 26691547 PMCID: PMC10624323 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has evolved to directly acting antiviral agents, the impact of these directly acting antiviral-only regimens on improving adherence to HCV treatment in HIV/HCV coinfected populations has not been evaluated. The study compared adherence to ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) in HCV monoinfected and HIV/HCV coinfected individuals. DESIGN Adherence was measured from participants in two phase 2 open-label studies (NCT01805882 and NCT01878799). METHODS HCV treatment-naive, genotype 1 study individuals [HCV monoinfected participants (N = 20) and HIV/HCV coinfected participants, antiretroviral untreated (N = 13) or on combination antiretroviral therapy (N = 37)] were treated with LDV (90 mg) and SOF (400 mg) administered as one tablet once daily for 12 weeks. Adherence was measured using three tools: medication event monitoring system cap, pill count, and patient report. RESULTS Participants were predominately African American (83%) and male (73%), with a median age of 59 years. Participants had prompt HCV viral load decline and high adherence rates (97 ± 0.5% by medication event monitoring system). Participant adherence decreased significantly from early (baseline week 4) as compared with late (weeks 8-12) in therapy in all three groups - HCV monoinfected (P = 0.01), HIV/HCV antiretroviral untreated (P = 0.02), and HIV/HCV antiretroviral treated participants (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Adherence to LDV/SOF in this urban population was high and comparable between HCV monoinfected and HIV/HCV coinfected participants regardless of antiretroviral use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Townsend
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tess Petersen
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lori A. Gordon
- Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Anita Kohli
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
- Division of Hepatology, St. Josephs Hospital and Medical Center, Creighton University Medical School, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Amy Nelson
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cassie Seamon
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chloe Gross
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lydia Tang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anu Osinusi
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Michael A. Polis
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Henry Masur
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Liu CH, Sheng WH, Sun HY, Hsieh SM, Lo YC, Liu CJ, Su TH, Yang HC, Liu WC, Chen PJ, Chen DS, Hung CC, Kao JH. Peginterferon plus Ribavirin for HIV-infected Patients with Treatment-Naïve Acute or Chronic HCV Infection in Taiwan: A Prospective Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17410. [PMID: 26616669 PMCID: PMC4663763 DOI: 10.1038/srep17410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Data are limited on the effectiveness and safety of peginterferon plus ribavirin in HIV-infected Asian patients with acute or chronic HCV infection. HIV-infected Taiwanese patients with acute HCV infection received peginterferon plus weight-based ribavirin for 24 weeks (n = 24), and those with chronic HCV genotype 1 or 6 (HCV-1/6) and HCV genotype 2 or 3 (HCV-2/3) infection received response-guided therapy for 12-72 and 24-48 weeks, respectively (n = 92). The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response (SVR), defined as undetectable HCV RNA 24 weeks off-therapy. The SVR rates were 83% and 72% in patients with acute and chronic HCV infection (p = 0.30), and 68% and 72% in patients with chronic HCV-1/6 and HCV-2/3 infection (p = 0.48), respectively. While no factors predicted SVR in acute HCV and chronic HCV-2/3 infection, age (odds ratio [OR] per 1-year increase: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-0.99, p = 0.04), HCV RNA (OR per 1-log10 increase: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.03-0.98, p = 0.03), IL28B genotype (OR: 5.52, 95% CI: 1.55-12.2, p = 0.02), and RVR (OR: 9.62, 95% CI: 3.89-15.3, p = 0.007) predicted SVR in chronic HCV-1/6 infection. In conclusion, the SVR rates of peginterferon plus ribavirin for 24 weeks and for response-guided 12-72 weeks are satisfactory in HIV-infected Taiwanese patients with acute and chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hua Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Hui Sheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Min Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lo
- Office of Preventive Medicine, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hung Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Shinn Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ching Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Miailhes P, Gilbert C, Lacombe K, Arends JE, Puoti M, Rockstroh JK, Sogni P, Fontaine H, Rosenthal E, Winnock M, Loko MA, Wittkop L, Dabis F, Salmon D. Triple therapy with boceprevir or telaprevir in a European cohort of cirrhotic HIV/HCV genotype 1-coinfected patients. Liver Int 2015; 35:2090-9. [PMID: 25650873 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The efficacy and safety of triple therapy combining boceprevir (BOC) or telaprevir (TVR) with pegylated interferon-alfa and ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV) has rarely been investigated in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) genotype 1-coinfected patients with cirrhosis. METHODS We conducted a European (France, Italy, Germany, Netherlands) multicentre study of triple therapy in cirrhotic HIV/HCV GT1-coinfected patients. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients (47 TVR, 12 BOC) were studied. Median CD4 cell count was 457 (293-578)/mm(3), and HIV viral load was <50 copies/ml in 93% of patients. The HCV genotype was GT1a (78%) or GT1b (13%). Previous PegIFN/RBV therapy had resulted in non-response (73%) or relapse (12%), and 15% of patients were treatment-naïve. The sustained virological response rate at week 12 (SVR12) was 53% overall (57% with TVR, 36% with BOC). A baseline HCV-RNA level <800 000 IU/ml tended to be associated with SVR12 (65 vs 42%, P = 0.11). In multivariate analysis, a virological response at week 4 after BOC or TVR initiation was significantly associated with SVR12 (P = 0.040). Early discontinuation of triple therapy was frequent (n = 26, 44%), because of non-response/breakthrough (65%) or adverse events (AEs) (35%). Three patients died. Severe anaemia (<9 g/dl) occurred in 14 patients (25%), leading to RBV dose reduction (22%), erythropoietin use (56%) or blood transfusion (14%). In multivariate analysis, lack of RBV dose reduction was significantly associated with severe AEs (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS More than half of HIV/HCV GT1-coinfected patients with cirrhosis achieved a SVR12. To avoid unnecessary adverse effects, therapy should be discontinued if no response is obtained at week 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Miailhes
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Croix Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Gilbert
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Lacombe
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France.,Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Joop E Arends
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Puoti
- Infectious Diseases Department, AO Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Philippe Sogni
- Hepatology Unit, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Paris and Cochin Institute, INSERM-U1016, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- Hepatology Unit, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Paris and Cochin Institute, INSERM-U1016, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Eric Rosenthal
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU de Nice, Archet Hospital, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Maria Winnock
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc-Arthur Loko
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - Linda Wittkop
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Dabis
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dominique Salmon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, AP-HP, Paris, France
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19
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Mira JA, Neukam K, López-Cortés LF, Rivero-Juárez A, Téllez F, Girón-González JA, de los Santos-Gil I, Ojeda-Burgos G, Merino D, Ríos-Villegas MJ, Collado A, Torres-Cornejo A, Macías J, Rivero A, Pérez-Pérez M, Pineda JA. Efficacy of and risk of bleeding during pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treatment in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with pretreatment thrombocytopenia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1879-84. [PMID: 26115631 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of and the risk of major bleeding during pegylated interferon (peg-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) treatment among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients according to the pretreatment platelet count. Two hundred and seventy-four HCV/HIV-coinfected, previously naïve individuals with compensated cirrhosis enrolled in one Spanish prospective cohort who received peg-IFN/RBV were included in this study. The frequency of severe bleeding and sustained virological response (SVR) rate were compared between patients with a pretreatment platelet count ≤70,000/mm(3) and >70,000/mm(3), respectively. Sixty-one (22 %) patients had a baseline platelet count ≤70,000/mm(3). The median (Q1-Q3) pretreatment platelet count was 58,000 (49,000-65,000) cells/mm(3) in the platelet ≤70,000 group and 129,000 (102,500-166,000) cells/mm(3) in the platelet >70,000 group (p < 0.0001). Seventeen (28 %) subjects of the platelet ≤70,000 group and 71 (33 %) patients of the platelet >70,000 group achieved SVR (p = 0.4). Only 2 (3.2 %) patients in the platelet ≤70,000 group developed a severe hemorrhagic event, specifically esophageal variceal bleeding. The efficacy of therapy with peg-IFN/RBV in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with low pretreatment platelet counts is comparable to that found in the overall subset of subjects with compensated cirrhosis. The frequency of severe hemorrhagic events related with this therapy is low in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mira
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Avenida de Bellavista S/N, 41014, Sevilla, Spain
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20
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Bichoupan K, Dieterich DT. Hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients: impact of direct-acting antivirals. Drugs 2015; 74:951-61. [PMID: 24866024 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 30% of HIV-infected patients are co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). After the release of highly active antiretroviral therapy, liver disease has become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV patients. Prior to 2011, HCV treatment with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin in HCV/HIV co-infected patients only allowed 14-38% of patients with HCV genotype 1 to achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR). Additionally, treatment was commonly discontinued as a result of adverse events. Recently, simeprevir and sofosbuvir have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for HCV mono-infection. Sofosbuvir has been given FDA approval in co-infected patients offering unprecedented SVR rates and the potential for interferon-free therapy. HCV therapies that are in the pipeline offer improved treatment times, safety profiles, and rates of SVR. Despite these improvements, several new issues including adherence, drug-drug interactions with antiretroviral therapies, adverse events, resistance, and patient selection may complicate therapy. This article reviews the current status of direct-acting antivirals (DAA)-containing regimens for HIV/HCV co-infected patients in the USA. New results investigating telaprevir and boceprevir are also discussed as they are relevant for locations where new DAAs are not available. The impact future interferon-free therapies may have on co-infected patients is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Bichoupan
- Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
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21
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Modeling the effect of HIV coinfection on clearance and sustained virologic response during treatment for hepatitis C virus. Epidemics 2015; 12:1-10. [PMID: 26342237 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV/hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection is a major concern in global health today. Each pathogen can exacerbate the effects of the other and affect treatment outcomes. Understanding the within-host dynamics of these coinfecting pathogens is crucial, particularly in light of new, direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for HCV treatment that are becoming available. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this study, we construct a within-host mathematical model of HCV/HIV coinfection by adapting a previously published model of HCV monoinfection to include an immune system component in infection clearance. We explore the effect of HIV-coinfection on spontaneous HCV clearance and sustained virologic response (SVR) by building in decreased immune function with increased HIV viral load. Treatment is modeled by modifying HCV burst-size, and we use clinically-relevant parameter estimates. Our model replicates real-world patient outcomes; it outputs infected and uninfected target cell counts, and HCV viral load for varying treatment and coinfection scenarios. Increased HIV viral load and reduced CD4(+) count correlate with decreased spontaneous clearance and SVR chances. Treatment efficacy/duration combinations resulting in SVR are calculated for HIV-positive and negative patients, and crucially, we replicate the new findings that highly efficacious DAAs reduce treatment differences between HIV-positive and negative patients. However, we also find that if drug efficacy decays sufficiently over treatment course, SVR differences between HIV-positive and negative patients reappear. CONCLUSIONS Our model shows theoretical evidence of the differing outcomes of HCV infection in cases where the immune system is compromised by HIV. Understanding what controls these outcomes is especially important with the advent of efficacious but often prohibitively expensive DAAs. Using a model to predict patient response can lend insight into optimal treatment design, both in helping to identify patients who might respond well to treatment and in helping to identify treatment pathways and pitfalls.
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Bichoupan K, Dieterich DT, Martel-Laferrière V. HIV-hepatitis C virus co-infection in the era of direct-acting antivirals. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2015; 11:241-9. [PMID: 24996617 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-014-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are concomitantly infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). As a result, liver disease remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in HIV patients. Prior to 2011, treatments of HCV lacked efficacy in clinical trials in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Fortunately, several direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have now entered clinical practice and others have reached advanced stages of clinical development. These therapies offer significant benefits such as improved rates of sustained virologic response (SVR), shortened durations of treatment, and compatibility with HIV antiretroviral therapies. Treatments such as sofosbuvir (SOF) have received approval for HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Moreover, interferon-free options exist for HIV/HCV co-infected patients who may be ineligible or intolerant of interferon. Despite these improvements, physicians must be aware of the differences between these DAAs, the patient characteristics that play a role on the effectiveness of these medications, and the drug-drug interactions these DAAs may have with existing HIV antiretroviral therapies. The aim of this review is to discuss the prevalence and incidence of HIV/HCV co-infection, critical factors related to patient evaluation, current treatment options, and new developments in the management of HIV/HCV co-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Bichoupan
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,
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Maida I, Soriano V, Ramos B, Ríos P, González-Lahoz J, Núñez M. Characteristics and Prospects for Hepatitis C Therapy of an HIV-HCV Coinfected Population Followed at a Reference HIV Center. HIV CLINICAL TRIALS 2015; 6:329-36. [PMID: 16452066 DOI: 10.1310/25kl-0vtl-jwxp-fe6y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A cross-sectional study was performed during 2004 at a large HIV clinic in Spain to identify HIV-HCV coinfected individuals who might be candidates for HCV therapy. METHOD Plasma HCV RNA levels were measured in 405 anti-HCV antibody positive patients. Spontaneous HCV clearance had occurred in 11.4%. Overall, 165 (40.1%) of HCV-HIV coinfected patients had already been exposed to interferon (IFN)-based therapies. Excluding those currently on treatment, the majority of them had either failed (64/142; 45.1%) or not completed therapy (25/142; 17.6%). Other 103 (25.4%) chronic HCV carriers refused treatment or were not considered as appropriate candidates, most often due to low CD4 counts or severe neuropsychiatric conditions. Treatment was deemed feasible and planned in the near future in 91 (22.5%) patients. Unfavorable HCV genotypes (1 and 4) were significantly more frequent in this group of individuals ready for HCV treatment compared to those who had cleared HCV in the past following IFN-based therapies. RESULTS Spontaneous clearance of the HCV infection was low in HIV-coinfected patients. One third of our HIV-HCV coinfected population had already been exposed to HCV therapy, but only a minority had achieved sustained HCV clearance. Half of patients with active HCV replication never exposed to IFN were not considered as appropriate candidates for HCV therapy. CONCLUSION More flexible criteria would considerably increase the number of patients to be treated with IFN-based therapy. The majority of patients ready to initiate HCV therapy have a poor therapeutic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Maida
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Bruno R, Cariti G, Nasta P, Capetti A, Ravasio V, Galli M, Raise E, Palmieri G, Iannacone C, Puoti M. OPERA: responses to peginterferon and ribavirin therapy in a subgroup of interferon-naïve patients with HIV/HCV genotype 2/3 co-infection in Italy. Liver Int 2015; 35:120-9. [PMID: 25041136 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 (G3) is common among HIV/HCV co-infected individuals and associated with moderate sustained virological response (SVR) rates with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) therapy, while G2 is less frequent and associated with higher SVR. To determine SVR and other response rates, identify SVR predictors and analyse differences between G2 and G3 with PEG-IFN/RBV in a large HIV/HCV G2/3 patient population. METHODS This subgroup analysis of the prospective, observational OPERA (Optimized Pegylated interferon Efficacy and anti-Retroviral Approach) study was conducted between 2005 and 2011 in Italy in PEG-IFN/RBV-naïve HIV/HCV patients. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR rate (HCV RNA <50 IU/ml or undetectable 24 weeks after end-of-treatment). RESULTS Five hundred and fifty-six HCV G2/3 patients (G2 n = 60; G3 n = 496) were treated with PEG-IFN alfa-2a 180 μg/week or PEG-IFN alfa-2b 1.5 μg/kg, + RBV 13.6 ± 2.3 (mean ± SD) mg/kg/day for median 47 (26-54) weeks. SVR rates were 57.7%, 68.3% and 56.5% for G2/3, G2 and G3 respectively) and RVR rates were 53.2%, 57.1% and 45.8% respectively. Independent SVR predictors were undetectable baseline HIV RNA [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.64; 95% CI: 1.523-4.565, P = 0.0005], age (AOR 0.95 per year; 95% CI: 0.908-0.994, P = 0.0258) and anti-HCV treatment duration (AOR 1.034 per week; 95% CI: 1.013-1.057, P = 0.0019). CONCLUSIONS Undetectable HIV RNA, longer anti-HCV treatment adherence and younger age were independent SVR predictors in treatment-naïve HIV/HCV G2/3 patients receiving PEG-IFN/RBV. Suppressing HIV RNA replication before anti-HCV therapy and increasing adherence to PEG-IFN/RBV treatment SVR rates may improve SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Bruno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology Outpatients Unit University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Pineda-Tenor D, Berenguer J, Jiménez-Sousa MA, García-Alvarez M, Aldámiz-Echevarria T, Carrero A, Vázquez-Morón S, García-Broncano P, Diez C, Tejerina F, Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Resino S. FTO rs9939609 polymorphism is associated with metabolic disturbances and response to HCV therapy in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. BMC Med 2014; 12:198. [PMID: 25367448 PMCID: PMC4224698 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein (FTO) gene rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the general population. The aim of our study was to examine for the first time the association of the rs9939609 polymorphism with metabolic disturbances, liver disease and virologic response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin (pegIFNα/RBV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfected patients. METHODS We carried out a cross-sectional study in 261 patients, of whom 178 were subsequently treated with pegIFNα/RBV therapy. FTO rs9939609 and IFNL3 rs12980275 polymorphisms were genotyped by GoldenGate®. The main outcomes were: 1) metabolic disturbances: insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR)) and overweight (body mass index (BMI)); 2) liver disease (Metavir score): significant fibrosis (F ≥2) and steatosis (>10% fatty hepatocytes); and 3) virologic response to HCV treatment: sustained virologic response (SVR). RESULTS The rs9939609 AA genotype was associated with higher values of BMI (adjusted arithmetic mean ratio (aAMR) = 1.08; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.03 to 1.14; P = 0.002) and HOMA-IR (aAMR = 1.32; 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.69; P = 0.027). Patients with an rs9939609 AA genotype had higher likelihoods of achieving values of BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.46; 95%CI =1.17 to 10.21; P = 0.024), HOMA-IR ≥2.5 (aOR = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.02 to 4.32; P = 0.045), significant fibrosis (aOR = 2.34; 95%CI =1.02 to 5.36; P = 0.045) and steatosis (aOR = 3.65; 95%CI = 1.29 to 10.36; P = 0.015). The rs9939609 AT/AA genotype decreased the likelihood of achieving SVR (aOR = 0.58; 95%CI = 0.34 to 0.99; P = 0.044). A decision tree was performed with the genotypes of HCV, IFNL3 and FTO. The incorporation of rs9939609 significantly improves the prediction of SVR (P <0.05). The overall accuracy was 68.2%. CONCLUSIONS Patients carrying the unfavourable AT/AA genotype of rs9939609 polymorphism had higher odds of metabolic disturbances and a lower likelihood of achieving successful virologic response to HCV therapy.
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Abstract
Cytokines, currently known to be more than 130 in number, are small MW (<30 kDa) key signaling proteins that modulate cellular activities in immunity, infection, inflammation and malignancy. Key to understanding their function is recognition of their pleiotropism and often overlapping and functional redundancies. Classified here into 9 main families, most of the 20 approved cytokine preparations (18 different cytokines; 3 pegylated), all in recombinant human (rh) form, are grouped in the hematopoietic growth factor, interferon, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) families. In the hematopoietin family, approved cytokines are aldesleukin (rhIL-2), oprelvekin (rhIL-11), filgrastim and tbo-filgrastim (rhG-CSF), sargramostim (rhGM-CSF), metreleptin (rh-leptin) and the rh-erythropoietins, epoetin and darbepoietin alfa. Anakinra, a recombinant receptor antagonist for IL-1, is in the IL-1 family; recombinant interferons alfa-1, alfa-2, beta-1 and gamma-1 make up the interferon family; palifermin (rhKGF) and becaplermin (rhPDGF) are in the PDGF family; and rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 represent the TGFβ family. The main physicochemical features, FDA-approved indications, modes of action and side effects of these approved cytokines are presented. Underlying each adverse events profile is their pleiotropism, potency and capacity to release other cytokines producing cytokine 'cocktails'. Side effects, some serious, occur despite cytokines being endogenous proteins, and this therefore demands caution in attempts to introduce individual members into the clinic. This caution is reflected in the relatively small number of cytokines currently approved by regulatory agencies and by the fact that 14 of the FDA-approved preparations carry warnings, with 10 being black box warnings.
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Association between IL7RA polymorphisms and the successful therapy against HCV in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 34:385-93. [PMID: 25236396 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a critical factor in maintaining or inducing effective antiviral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. The aim of this study was to examine the association of interleukin-7 receptor-α (IL7RA) polymorphisms with a sustained virologic response (SVR) after hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with pegylated interferon-alpha plus ribavirin (pegIFNα/ribavirin) in 177 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV-coinfected patients. We performed a retrospective study in 177 naïve patients who started HCV treatment. The IL7RA rs6897932, rs987106, and rs3194051 polymorphisms were genotyped by the GoldenGate® assay. An SVR was defined as undetectable HCV viral load through 24 weeks after the end of HCV treatment. The highest SVR rate was found in patients with the rs6897932 CC (p = 0.029) and rs3194051 GG (p = 0.002) genotypes, and HCV genotypes 2/3 (GT2/3) infected patients with the rs987106 AA genotype (p = 0.048). Additionally, carriers of the rs3194051 GG genotype had a higher likelihood of achieving an SVR [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.32; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-26.94; p = 0.040] than patients with the rs3194051 AA/AG genotype, while rs6897932 CC (aOR = 0.63; p = 0.205) and rs987106 AA (aOR = 0.60; p = 0.213) were not significant. Moreover, three major haplotypes were found: 46.6 % for CTA, 32.4 % for CAG, and 20.7 % for TAA haplotypes. Patients infected with GT2/3 and carriers of the CTA haplotype had lower odds of achieving an SVR (aOR = 0.08; p = 0.004) and the CAG haplotype (favorable alleles) had higher odds of achieving an SVR than other haplotypes (aOR = 21.96; p < 0.001). IL7RA polymorphisms seem to play a significant role in the virological response to pegIFNα/ribavirin therapy in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, in particular among patients infected with HCV GT2/3.
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Ferreira PRA, Silva MHD, Brandão-Melo CE, Rezende RE, Gonzalez M, Reuter T, Urbaez JD, Gianini RJ, Martinelli A, Mendes-Correa MC. The clinical effectiveness of pegylated interferon and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients in Brazil: a multicentric study. Braz J Infect Dis 2014; 19:15-22. [PMID: 25181403 PMCID: PMC9425268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction in Brazil, chronic hepatitis C in patients coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is treated with pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). However, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of this treatment in this particular population. The identification of the factors that predict sustained virological response (SVR) under current clinical practice would enable clinicians to more accurately estimate the probability of achieving an SVR and therefore utilize the appropriate therapeutics, especially in the era of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents. Aims the primary aim of our study was to determine the SVR rate under current clinical practice. The secondary aims were as follows: (1) to determine the factors before and during treatment that predict SVR; and (2) to identify the causes of treatment interruption. Methods within a cohort of HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients in Brazil, we performed a retrospective analysis of those individuals treated with Peg-IFN and RBV. Results among the 382 analyzed patients, SVR was observed in 118 [30.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.3–35.8)], which included 25.9% (75/289) of the patients with genotypes 1 and 4 and 48.2% (41/85) of those with genotypes 2 and 3. After multivariate analyses the independent positive predictors for SVR after treatment for chronic hepatitis C with Peg-IFN and RBV were: absence of an AIDS-defining illness (p = 0.001), HCV viral load lower than 600,000 IU/mL at the onset of treatment (p = 0.003), higher liver enzyme levels (p = 0.039) at baseline, infection with genotypes 2 or 3 (p = 0.003), and no transient treatment interruption (p = 0.001). The treatment was interrupted in 25.6% (98/382) of the patients because of adverse events (11.3%, 43/382), virologic failure (7.8%, 30/382), and dropout (6.5%, 43/382). The main adverse events were cytopenia and psychiatric disorders. Conclusions in our Brazilian case series, the SVR rate under current clinical practice conditions was similar to that reported in other studies. There was a correlation between an SVR and being infected by genotypes 2 and 3, low viral load, high ALT levels at the onset of treatment, and absence of an AIDS-defining illness. Cytopenia and psychiatric disorders were the major causes of treatment interruption. Efforts should be focused on optimizing management of side effects and counseling to improve adherence and to keep patients on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariliza Henrique da Silva
- Centro de Referência e Tratamento DST-AIDS de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Clínica de Especialidades de São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rosamar Eulira Rezende
- Centro de Especialidades - Ambulatório de Hepatites, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Gonzalez
- Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Reuter
- Disciplina de Infectologia - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Reinaldo Jose Gianini
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Epidemiologia e Estatística, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Martinelli
- Divisão de Gastroenterologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pineda-Tenor D, Berenguer J, Jiménez-Sousa MA, Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Aldámiz-Echevarria T, Carrero A, García-Álvarez M, Diez C, Tejerina F, Briz V, Resino S. CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 polymorphisms are associated with sustained virologic response in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. J Clin Virol 2014; 61:423-9. [PMID: 25218243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 (CXCL9-11) chemokines play a critical role in eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV), although HCV-specific immunity often fails to eradicate the HCV, allowing the chronicity of hepatitis C. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between CXCL9-11 polymorphisms and the sustained virological response (SVR) following hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective study in 176 naïve patients who started HCV treatment. The CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921 and CXCL11 rs4619915 polymorphisms were genotyped by GoldenGate(®) assay. Genetic data were analyzed under recessive inheritance model. The SVR was defined as undetectable HCV viremia through 24 weeks after the end of HCV treatment. RESULTS In the intention-to-treat analysis, the SVR rate was higher in HCV genotype 1/4 (GT1/4) patients carrying rs10336 TT (p=0.042), rs3921 GG (p=0.021), and rs4619915 AA (p=0.024) genotypes; and they had higher likelihood of achieving SVR (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=3.26 (p=0.038), aOR=4.21 (p=0.019), and aOR=4.08 (p=0.022), respectively). For CXCL haplotype analysis (CXCL9/rs10336, CXCL10/rs3921, and CXCL11/rs4619915), the TGA haplotype (favorable alleles) had better odds of achieving SVR than the CCG haplotype (unfavorable alleles) in GT1/4patients (OR=2.69; p=0.003). No significant results were found in GT2/3 patients. Moreover, similar results were obtained in the on-treatment analysis. CONCLUSIONS The presence of homozygous for the minor allele of CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921 and CXCL11 rs4619915 was related to higher likelihoods of achieving the HCV clearance after pegIFNα/ribavirin therapy in HIV infected patients coinfected with HCV GT1/4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pineda-Tenor
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Berenguer
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Jiménez-Sousa
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Guzmán-Fulgencio
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Aldámiz-Echevarria
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Carrero
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Álvarez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Diez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Tejerina
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/VIH, Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón", Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Briz
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Macías J, Rivero A. [Safety and efficacy of telaprevir in patients with HIV and hepatitis C virus coinfection]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 31 Suppl 3:33-6. [PMID: 24063901 DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(13)70122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Related to the use of telaprevir in patients with HIV and genotype 1 hepatitis C virus, there is available data from a phase IIb clinical trial in patients not previously treated for HCV, study 110; and preliminary data from a real practice study in patients with previous failure to a HCV treatment, study ARNSHC26 (TelapreVIH). Additionally, there are two ongoing phase III studies in coinfected patients, C3008 and 115, both in naive and previously treated patients. In the 110 study, rates of sustained viral response (SVR) in patients receiving the triple combination of pegylated interferon + ribavirin + telaprevir was 74%. This SVR rate is similar to those reported in treatment-naïve patients with genotype 1 HCV monoinfection who received pegylated interferon + ribavirin + telaprevir. Similarly, the adverse effects in this trial did not differ from those found in patients with genotype 1 HCV monoinfection. Telaprevir has been approved for use in patients with HCV genotype 1 monoinfection by the European Commission through a centralized procedure. Telaprevir label includes data on coinfected patients, covering efficacy, security, and practical management with different antirretroviral drugs. The Spanish Agency for Medications and Health Care Products has established recommendations that regulate and allow the use of telaprevir in patients with HIV/HCV genotype 1 coinfection. The most important restrictions on the use of telaprevir established by the Agency are as follows: a) patients with stage F3-F4 liver fibrosis on liver biopsy or liver stiffness ≥ 9.5kPa can be treated; b) in the absence of advanced fibrosis, telaprevir can be used to treat severe extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection; c) patients with cirrhosis must have Child-Pugh stage A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Macías
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, España
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Cotte L, Braun J, Lascoux-Combe C, Vincent C, Valantin MA, Sogni P, Lacombe K, Neau D, Aumaitre H, Batisse D, de Truchis P, Gervais A, Michelet C, Morlat P, Vittecoq D, Rosa I, Bertucci I, Chevaliez S, Aboulker JP, Molina JM, Aumaitre H, Batisse D, Bernard L, Cheret A, Cotte L, de Truchis P, Dellamonica P, Dominguez S, Gervais A, Girard PM, Lucht F, Metivier S, Michelet C, Molina JM, Morlat P, Neau D, Pageaux GP, Pol S, Rosa I, Rosenthal E, Vittecoq D, Valantin MA, Zucman D. Telaprevir for HIV/Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Patients Failing Treatment With Pegylated Interferon/Ribavirin (ANRS HC26 TelapreVIH): An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:1768-76. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Corchado S, López-Cortés LF, Rivero-Juárez A, Torres-Cornejo A, Rivero A, Márquez-Coello M, Girón-González JA. Liver fibrosis, host genetic and hepatitis C virus related parameters as predictive factors of response to therapy against hepatitis C virus in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101760. [PMID: 25013899 PMCID: PMC4094489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the role of liver fibrosis as a predictive tool of response to pegylated interferon alpha (Peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) treatment in human immunodeficiency (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients, in addition to recognized predictive factors (HCV load, HCV genotype, IL-28B polymorphism). PATIENTS AND METHODS A sample of 267 HIV/HCV coinfected patients was treated with Peg-IFN and RBV. Predictive factors of rapid (RVR) and sustained (SVR) virological response were analyzed. Independent variables were age, sex, IL28B, -238 TNF-α and -592 IL-10 polymorphisms, HCV genotype, HCV-RNA levels, significant fibrosis or cirrhosis and CD4+ T cell count. RESULTS Patients infected by HCV genotype 1 (n = 187) showed RVR and SVR in 12% and 39% of cases, respectively. The parameters associated with RVR were IL28B genotype CC and plasma HCV-RNA levels <600,000 IU/ml. Advanced liver fibrosis was negatively associated with SVR in patients without RVR. A SVR was obtained in 42% of subjects with HCV genotype 4, and the independent factors associated with SVR were IL28B genotype CC and an HCV-RNA <600,000 IU/ml. A SVR was obtained in 66% of patients with HCV genotypes 2/3; in this case, the independent parameter associated with SVR was the absence of significant liver fibrosis. TNF-α and IL-10 polymorphisms were not associated with SVR, although a significantly higher percentage of -238 TNF-α genotype GG was detected in patients with significant liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In HIV/HCV coinfected patients with HCV genotypes 1 or 4, RVR, mainly influenced by genotype IL28B and HCV-RNA levels, reliably predicted SVR after 4 weeks of therapy with Peg-IFN plus RBV. In patients infected by HCV genotype 3, an elevated relapse rate compromised the influence of RVR on SVR. Relapses were related to the presence of advanced liver fibrosis. Liver cirrhosis was associated with a -238 TNF-α polymorphism in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Corchado
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Luis F. López-Cortés
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juárez
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Almudena Torres-Cornejo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
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KASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatitis C. Clin Mol Hepatol 2014; 20:89-136. [PMID: 25032178 PMCID: PMC4099340 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2014.20.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Puri P, Anand AC, Saraswat VA, Acharya SK, Sarin SK, Dhiman RK, Aggarwal R, Singh SP, Amarapurkar D, Arora A, Chhabra M, Chetri K, Choudhuri G, Dixit VK, Duseja A, Jain AK, Kapoor D, Kar P, Koshy A, Kumar A, Madan K, Misra SP, Prasad MV, Nagral A, Puri AS, Jeyamani R, Saigal S, Shah S, Sharma PK, Sood A, Thareja S, Wadhawan M. Consensus Statement of HCV Task Force of the Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL). Part II: INASL Recommendations for Management of HCV in India. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2014; 4:117-40. [PMID: 25755549 PMCID: PMC4116713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimated prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in India is between 0.5 and 1.5% with hotspots showing much higher prevalence in some areas of northeast India, in some tribal populations and in certain parts of Punjab. Genotype 3 is the most prevalent type of infection. Recent years have seen development of a large number of new molecules that are revolutionizing the treatment of hepatitis C. Some of the new directly acting agents (DAAs) like sofosbuvir have been called game-changers because they offer the prospect of interferon-free regimens for the treatment of HCV infection. These new drugs have not yet been approved in India and their cost and availability is uncertain at present. Till these drugs become available at an affordable cost, the treatment that was standard of care for the whole world before these newer drugs were approved should continue to be recommended. For India, cheaper options, which are as effective as the standard-of-care (SOC) in carefully selected patients, are also explored to bring treatment within reach of poorer patients. It may be prudent to withhold treatment at present for selected patients with genotype 1 or 4 infection and low levels of fibrosis (F1 or F2), and for patients who are non-responders to initial therapy, interferon intolerant, those with decompensated liver disease, and patients in special populations such as stable patients after liver and kidney transplantation, HIV co-infected patients and those with cirrhosis of liver.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine amintraonsferase
- ANC, absolute neutrophil count
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CH–C, Chronic Hepatitis C
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh
- EIA, enzyme immunoassay
- ETR, end-of-treatment response
- EVR, early virological response
- GRADE, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus
- IFNa, interferon alfa
- INASL, Indian National Association for Study of the Liver
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Peg-IFNa, pegylated interferon alfa
- RBV, Ribavirin
- RVR, rapid virological response
- SOC, standard of care
- SVR, sustained virological response
- ULN, upper limit of normal
- anti-HCV, antibody to HCV
- antiviral therapy
- chronic hepatitis
- hepatitis C virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Puri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Army Hospital (R & R), New Delhi 110010, India
| | - Anil C. Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi 110076, India
| | - Vivek A. Saraswat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical, Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 221016, India
| | - Subrat K. Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shiv K. Sarin
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Radha K. Dhiman
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and, Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical, Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 221016, India
| | - Shivaram P. Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha 753007, India
| | - Deepak Amarapurkar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bombay Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400020, India
| | - Anil Arora
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India
| | - Mohinish Chhabra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, Punjab 160047, India
| | - Kamal Chetri
- Department of Gastroenterology, International Hospital, Guwahati, Assam 781005, India
| | - Gourdas Choudhuri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fortis Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| | - Vinod K. Dixit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and, Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Ajay K. Jain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Choithram Hospital & Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452014, India
| | - Dharmesh Kapoor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Global Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500004, India
| | - Premashis Kar
- Department of Gastroenterology, LNJP Hospital, and Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Abraham Koshy
- Department of Hepatology, Lakeshore Hospital, Cochin, Kerala 682304, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India
| | - Kaushal Madan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
| | - Sri P. Misra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211001 India
| | - Mohan V.G. Prasad
- Department of Gastroenterology, VGM Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641005, India
| | - Aabha Nagral
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400026, India
| | - Amarendra S. Puri
- Department of Gastroenterology, GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - R. Jeyamani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Sanjiv Saigal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
| | - Samir Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology, Global Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400078, India
| | - Praveen K. Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040, India
| | - Ajit Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001, India
| | - Sandeep Thareja
- Department of Gastroenterology, Army Hospital (R & R), New Delhi 110010, India
| | - Manav Wadhawan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi 110076, India
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Martel-Laferrière V, Dieterich DT. Hepatitis C Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents in HIV/HCV Co-infected Patients. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-014-0010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kanda T, Nakamoto S, Wu S, Yokosuka O. New treatments for genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C - focus on simeprevir. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2014; 10:387-94. [PMID: 24920913 PMCID: PMC4043814 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s50170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes end-stage liver diseases and hepato cellular carcinoma. In the USA, Canada, and Japan, simeprevir – one of the second-generation HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors – in combination with peginterferon α-2a or 2b plus ribavirin has recently been approved for HCV genotype 1-infected patients and is now used in daily clinical practice. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of simeprevir and the results of clinical trials of simeprevir and peginterferon plus ribavirin for HCV genotype 1 patients. In general, the simeprevir and peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment is highly effective and its adverse events are similar to those of peginterferon plus ribavirin only, the exception being milder, reversible jaundice. In the near future, the development of interferon-free regimens with simeprevir is expected. Careful attention should be paid to new results of clinical trials with simeprevir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Kang W, Tong HI, Sun Y, Lu Y. Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with HIV-1: epidemiology, natural history and management. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8:247-66. [PMID: 24450362 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2014.876357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver diseases have contributed to increased morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected individuals in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy. HCV transmission patterns have changed among the HIV co-infected population during the last decade, with acute HCV infection emerging worldwide. HIV infection accelerates the progression of HCV-related liver diseases and consequently cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the current standard treatment of HCV infection with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin results in only a limited viral response. Furthermore, cumbersome pill regimens, antiretroviral related hepatotoxicity, and drug interactions of HCV and HIV regimens complicate therapy strategies. Fortunately, in the near future, new direct-acting anti-HCV agents will widen therapeutic options for HCV/HIV co-infection. Liver transplantation is also gradually accepted as a therapeutic option for end stage liver disease of HCV/HIV co-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Kang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Hauser G, Awad T, Brok J, Thorlund K, Štimac D, Mabrouk M, Gluud C, Gluud LL. Peginterferon plus ribavirin versus interferon plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD005441. [PMID: 24585509 PMCID: PMC11053364 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005441.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pegylated interferon (peginterferon) plus ribavirin is the recommended treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C, but systematic assessment of the effect of this treatment compared with interferon plus ribavirin is needed. OBJECTIVES To systematically evaluate the benefits and harms of peginterferon plus ribavirin versus interferon plus ribavirin for patients with chronic hepatitis C. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index-Expanded, and LILACS. We also searched conference abstracts, journals, and grey literature. The last searches were conducted in September 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised clinical trials comparing peginterferon plus ribavirin versus interferon plus ribavirin with or without co-intervention(s) (e.g., other antiviral drugs) for chronic hepatitis C. Quasi-randomised and observational studies retrieved through the searches for randomised clinical trials were also considered for reports of harms. Our primary outcomes were liver-related morbidity, all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation, other adverse events, and quality of life. Our secondary outcome was sustained virological response in serum, that is, undetectable hepatitis C virus RNA in serum by sensitive tests six months after the end of treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently used a standardised data collection form. We meta-analysed data with both fixed-effect and random-effects models. For each outcome, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) (for liver-related morbidity or all-cause mortality) or the risk ratio (RR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI) based on intention-to-treat analysis. We used domains of the trials to assess the risk of systematic errors (bias) and trial sequential analyses to assess the risk of random errors (play of chance).For each outcome, we calculated the RR with 95% CI based on intention-to-treat analysis. Effects of interventions on outcomes were assessed according to GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included 27 randomised trials with 5938 participants. All trials had high risk of bias. We considered that the risk of bias did not impact on the quality of evidence for liver-related mortality and adverse event outcomes, but it did for virological response. All trials compared peginterferon alpha-2a or peginterferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin versus interferon plus ribavirin for participants with chronic hepatitis C. Three trials administered co-interventions (amantadine hydrochloride 200 mg daily to both intervention groups), and 24 trials were conducted without co-interventions. The effect observed between the two intervention groups regarding liver-related morbidity plus all-cause mortality (5/907 (0.55%) versus 4/882 (0.45%) was imprecise: OR 1.14 ( 95% CI 0.38 to 3.42; five trials; low quality of evidence), as was the risk of adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation (332/2692 (12.3%) versus 409/2176 (18.8%); RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.09; 15 trials; low quality of evidence) or regarding adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation (332/2692 (12.3%) versus 409/2176 (18.8%); RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.12; 17 trials; low quality of evidence). However, peginterferon plus ribavirin versus interferon plus ribavirin significantly increased the risk of neutropenia (332/2202 (15.1%) versus 117/1653 (7.1%); RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.76 to 2.61; 13 trials), thrombocytopenia (65/1113 (5.8%) versus 23/1082 (2.1%); RR 2.63, 95% CI 1.68 to 4.11; 10 trials), arthralgia (517/1740 (29.7%) versus 282/1194 (23.6%); RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.35; four trials), injection site reaction (627/1168 (53.7%) versus 186/649 (28.7%); RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.93; four trials), and nausea (606/1784 (34.0%) versus 354/1239 (28.6%); RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.26; four trials). The most frequent adverse event was fatigue, which occurred in 57% of participants (2024/3608). No significant difference was noted between peginterferon plus ribavirin versus interferon plus ribavirin in terms of fatigue (1177/2062 (57.1%) versus 847/1546 (54.8%); RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.07; 12 trials). No significant differences were reported between the two treatment groups regarding anaemia, headache, rigours, myalgia, pyrexia, weight loss, asthenia, depression, insomnia, irritability, alopecia, pruritus, skin rash, thyroid malfunction, decreased appetite, or diarrhoea. We were unable to identify any data on quality of life. Peginterferon plus ribavirin versus interferon plus ribavirin seemed to significantly increase the number of participants achieving sustained virological response (1673/3300 participants (50.7%) versus 1081/2804 patients (36.7%); RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.56; I2 = 64%; 27 trials; very low quality of evidence). However, the risk of bias in the 13/27 (48.1%) trials reporting on this outcome was high and was considered only 'lower' in the remainder. Because the conventional meta-analysis did not reach its required information size (n = 14,486 participants), we used trial sequential analysis to control for risks of random errors. Again, in this analysis, the estimated effect was statistically significant in favour of peginterferon. Subgroup analyses according to risk of bias, viral genotype, baseline viral load, past treatment history, and type of intervention yielded similarly significant results favouring peginterferon over interferon on the outcome of sustained virological response. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Peginterferon plus ribavirin versus interferon plus ribavirin seems to significantly increase the proportion of patients with sustained virological response, as well as the risk of certain adverse events. However, we have insufficient evidence to recommend or reject peginterferon plus ribavirin for liver-related morbidity plus all-cause mortality compared with interferon plus ribavirin. The clinical consequences of achieved sustained virological response are unknown, as sustained virological response is still an unvalidated surrogate outcome. We found no evidence of the potential benefits on quality of life in patients with achieved sustained virological response. Further high-quality research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of patient-relevant outcomes and is likely to change our estimates.There is very low quality evidence that peginterferon plus ribavirin increases the proportion of patients with sustained virological response in comparison with interferon plus ribavirin. There is evidence that it also increases the risk of certain adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Hauser
- Clinical Hospital Centre RijekaDepartment of GastroenterologyKresimirova 42RijekaCroatia51 000
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalThe Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary GroupDepartment 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tahany Awad
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalThe Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary GroupDepartment 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jesper Brok
- RigshospitaletPaediatric Department 4072Blemdagsvej 9CopenhagenDenmark2100 Ø
| | - Kristian Thorlund
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Davor Štimac
- Clinical Hospital Centre RijekaDepartment of GastroenterologyKresimirova 42RijekaCroatia51 000
| | - Mahasen Mabrouk
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityEndemic Medicine and Liver DepartmentCairoEgypt
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalThe Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary GroupDepartment 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lise Lotte Gluud
- Copenhagen University Hospital HvidovreGastro Unit, Medical DivisionKettegaards AlleHvidovreDenmark2650
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Abstract
Treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV/HCV co-infected patients is a challenge. Even if the benefits of achieving a sustained virological response are clear, the rates achieved with the combination of pegylated-interferon and ribavirin are disappointing. The addition of direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) to the treatment of hepatitis C is revolutionizing the treatment of HCV in mono-infected patients. Even if there have not been any agents approved for the treatment of co-infected patients, many studies specifically designed for this population are ongoing. This article reviews available data on the use of DAAs in co-infected patients and the challenges associated with these new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Martel-Laferrière
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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40
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Walzer N, Flamm SL. Pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin: emerging data in the treatment of special populations. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 2:67-76. [PMID: 24422772 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease and is currently the leading indication for liver transplantation in the USA. Pegylated IFN-α (PEG-IFN-α) and ribavirin comprise the standard of care for the treatment of chronic HCV. The expansion of antiviral therapy to include special populations that were not well represented or excluded from registration trials has occurred in recent years. Data have emerged that demonstrate that these groups have variable responses to therapy and, in some cases, different side-effect profiles. The etiologies for the varied response rates remain under investigation. This review will address the clinical efficacy and safety profiles of PEG-IFN-α and ribavirin in populations of patients coinfected with HIV, obese patients, liver transplant recipients, children and African-Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Walzer
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 675 N St Clair Galter 15-250, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Streeck H, Rockstroh JK. Challenges in the treatment of HIV and HCV coinfection. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 2:811-22. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.5.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shepherd J, Jones J. A systematic review of the cost–effectiveness of peginterferon alfa-2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014; 7:577-95. [DOI: 10.1586/14737167.7.6.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Prediction of hepatic fibrosis in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus based on genetic markers. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 64:434-42. [PMID: 23797694 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3182a06eb6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of the cirrhosis risk score (CRS) to predict liver fibrosis progression in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients. DESIGN Retrospective follow-up study. METHODS Based on a minimum follow-up time of 10 years with HCV infection, 190 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were classified according to their METAVIR score: (1) 25 nonprogressor patients who did not develop fibrosis (F0) and (2) 165 progressor patients who developed fibrosis (F ≥ 1). Seven polymorphisms of CRS signature and IL28B genotype were performed using the GoldenGate assay. The CRS signature was calculated by naive Bayes formula as previously described. RESULTS Nonprogressors had CRS values significantly lower than progressors (0.61 versus 0.67; P = 0.043). Among the progressors, we observed similar CRS values through all the fibrosis stages (F1/F2/F3/F4). The percentage of patients with CRS > 0.70 (high risk of developing fibrosis) was higher in progressors than in nonprogressors; but the percentages with values between 0.50 and 0.70 (intermediate risk) and <0.50 (low risk) were quite similar for each of the fibrosis stages (P = 0.047). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of CRS for discriminating nonprogressor versus progressor was 0.625 (P = 0.043). When clinical variables were considered (age at HCV infection, intravenous drug use, gender, IL28B, and HCV genotype), the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of CRS improved up to 0.739 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CRS itself seems not to be a good marker for identifying HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who are at high risk of developing liver fibrosis. However, CRS score coupled with clinical factors might help to distinguish between nonprogressors and progressors patients.
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Carosi G, Bruno R, Cariti G, Nasta P, Gulminetti R, Galli M, Angarano G, Verucchi G, Pontali E, Capetti A, Raise E, Ravasio V, Maida I, Iannacone C, Caputo A, Puoti M. OPERA: use of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin for treating hepatitis C/HIV co-infection in interferon-naive patients. Antivir Ther 2014; 19:735-45. [DOI: 10.3851/imp2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection is the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and is a leading cause of mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in the antiretroviral therapy era. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies are transforming how HCV is treated with significant improvements in efficacy and tolerability. In this article, DAA agents expected to be available in 2014 are reviewed, including telaprevir, boceprevir, sofosbuvir, simeprevir, faldaprevir, and daclatasvir. Available data regarding clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and drug interactions in HIV-HCV coinfection are discussed. The management of adverse effects of HCV therapy and treatment considerations in patients with cirrhosis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Chastain
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, A-2200 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-2582, USA,
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Treatment of Genotype 2 and Genotype 3 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patients. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2013; 10:420-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11904-013-0186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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[Consensus Statement by GeSIDA/National AIDS Plan Secretariat on antiretroviral treatment in adults infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (Updated January 2013)]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2013; 31:602.e1-602.e98. [PMID: 24161378 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This consensus document is an update of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) guidelines for HIV-1 infected adult patients. METHODS To formulate these recommendations a panel composed of members of the GeSIDA/National AIDS Plan Secretariat (Grupo de Estudio de Sida and the Secretaría del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida) reviewed the efficacy and safety advances in clinical trials, cohort and pharmacokinetic studies published in medical journals (PubMed and Embase) or presented in medical scientific meetings. The strength of the recommendations and the evidence which support them are based on a modification of the criteria of Infectious Diseases Society of America. RESULTS cART is recommended in patients with symptoms of HIV infection, in pregnant women, in serodiscordant couples with high risk of transmission, in hepatitisB co-infection requiring treatment, and in HIV nephropathy. cART is recommended in asymptomatic patients if CD4 is <500cells/μl. If CD4 are >500cells/μl cART should be considered in the case of chronic hepatitisC, cirrhosis, high cardiovascular risk, plasma viral load >100.000 copies/ml, proportion of CD4 cells <14%, neurocognitive deficits, and in people aged >55years. The objective of cART is to achieve an undetectable viral load. The first cART should include 2 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI) nucleoside analogs and a third drug (a non-analog RTI, a ritonavir boosted protease inhibitor, or an integrase inhibitor). The panel has consensually selected some drug combinations, for the first cART and specific criteria for cART in acute HIV infection, in tuberculosis and other HIV related opportunistic infections, for the women and in pregnancy, in hepatitisB or C co-infection, in HIV-2 infection, and in post-exposure prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS These new guidelines update previous recommendations related to first cART (when to begin and what drugs should be used), how to monitor, and what to do in case of viral failure or adverse drug reactions. cART specific criteria in comorbid patients and special situations are similarly updated.
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Martel-Laferrière V, Brinkley S, Bichoupan K, Posner S, Stivala A, Perumalswami P, Schiano T, Sulkowski M, Dieterich D, Branch A. Virological response rates for telaprevir-based hepatitis C triple therapy in patients with and without HIV coinfection. HIV Med 2013; 15:108-15. [PMID: 24025147 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pegylated-interferon/ribavirin dual therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has a lower sustained virological response (SVR) rate in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients than in HCV monoinfected patients, but little is known about the relative effectiveness of teleprevir-based triple therapy in the two groups. METHODS Data on 33 coinfected and 116 monoinfected patients were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. SVR12 was defined as undetectable HCV RNA at week 12 post-end-of-treatment, severe anaemia as haemoglobin ≤ 89 g/L or a drop of ≥ 45 g/L, and advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis as Fib-4 ≥ 3.25. All coinfected patients had well controlled HIV infection. RESULTS The groups were similar in age, gender, percentage with Fib-4 ≥ 3.25 and HCV viral load, but differed in previous treatment response, with more coinfected patients being nonresponders or treatment-intolerant (75.8% vs. 50.0% for monoinfected patients; P < 0.01). During treatment, the percentages of patients with undetectable HCV RNA were similar, but, surprisingly, this percentage tended to be higher in coinfected patients. SVR12 rates were 60.6% in coinfected patients vs. 42.2% in monoinfected patients (P = 0.06). In multivariable analysis, SVR12 was associated with HIV infection [odds ratio (OR) 3.55; P < 0.01], African American race (OR 0.37; P = 0.03) and previous treatment response (OR 0.46; P = 0.03). Rates of severe anaemia (45.5 vs. 58.6% in coinfected and monoinfected patients, respectively; P = 0.18) were similar in the two groups, but rash (15.2 vs. 34.5%, respectively; P = 0.03) and rectal symptoms (12.1 vs. 43.1%, respectively; P < 0.01) were less common in coinfected patients. CONCLUSIONS Virological responses of coinfected and monoinfected patients did not differ significantly, but tended to be higher in coinfected patients, who had a 60.6% SVR12 rate. Telaprevir-based triple therapy is a promising option for coinfected patients with well-controlled HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Martel-Laferrière
- Department of Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Rokx C, van der Ende ME, Verbon A, Rijnders BJA. Peginterferon Alfa-2a for AIDS-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma: Experience With 10 Patients. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:1497-9. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rivero-Juarez A, Lopez-Cortes LF, Camacho A, Caruz A, Torres-Cornejo A, Martinez-Dueñas L, Ruiz-Valderas R, Torre-Cisneros J, Gutierrez-Valencia A, Rivero A. The IL28B effect on hepatitis C virus kinetics among HIV patients after the first weeks of pegylated-interferon/ribavirin treatment varies according to hepatitis C virus-1 subtype. AIDS 2013; 27:1941-7. [PMID: 23917425 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328360ea1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the IL28B effect on hepatitis C virus (HCV) decline during first weeks of treatment according to HCV-1 subtypes. METHODS Patients coinfected with HIV/HCV genotype 1 and naive to peginterferon-alpha-2a and ribavirin (Peg-IFN-alpha-2a/RBV) were included. Plasma HCV-RNA was measured at baseline, and then at weeks 1, 2, and 4. HCV-1 subtype (1a or 1b) was determined. HCV viral decline was analyzed according to HCV-1 subtype between baseline and week 1, week 2 and week 4 of treatment. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of the IL28B (rs12979860) genotype on HCV viral decline with HCV-1a and HCV-1b genotype patients (CC versus non-CC). RESULTS Two hundred and six patients were included in the study, of whom 113 (54.8%) and 93 (45.2%) were infected by HCV-1a and 1b genotypes, respectively. No differences were found between HCV-1 subtypes in terms of HCV viral decline or rapid virological response rate. The effect of the IL28B-CC genotype on HCV viral decline was observed only among patients infected with HCV-1b at all time points analyzed (week 1: CC 1.53 ± 0.33, non-CC 0.27 ± 0.24, P <0.001; week 2: CC 1.81 ± 0.39, non-CC 0.74 ± 0.39, P = 0.002; week 4: CC 2.97 ± 0.53, non-CC 1.2 ± 0.61, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the effect associated with the impact of the IL28B-CC genotype on HCV decline during the first weeks of treatment with Peg-IFN-alpha-2a/RBV differs according to HCV-1 subtype and may be limited to HCV-1b patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- aUnidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba bUnidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville cUnidad de Inmunogenética, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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