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Adams JME, Moulding PB, El-Halfawy OM. Polyamine-Mediated Sensitization of Klebsiella pneumoniae to Macrolides through a Dual Mode of Action. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2183-2195. [PMID: 38695481 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Chemicals bacteria encounter at the infection site could shape their stress and antibiotic responses; such effects are typically undetected under standard lab conditions. Polyamines are small molecules typically overproduced by the host during infection and have been shown to alter bacterial stress responses. We sought to determine the effect of polyamines on the antibiotic response of Klebsiella pneumoniae, a Gram-negative priority pathogen. Interestingly, putrescine and other natural polyamines sensitized K. pneumoniae to azithromycin, a macrolide protein translation inhibitor typically used for Gram-positive bacteria. This synergy was further potentiated in the physiological buffer, bicarbonate. Chemical genomic screens suggested a dual mechanism, whereby putrescine acts at the membrane and ribosome levels. Putrescine permeabilized the outer membrane of K. pneumoniae (NPN and β-lactamase assays) and the inner membrane (Escherichia coli β-galactosidase assays). Chemically and genetically perturbing membranes led to a loss of putrescine-azithromycin synergy. Putrescine also inhibited protein synthesis in an E. coli-derived cell-free protein expression assay simultaneously monitoring transcription and translation. Profiling the putrescine-azithromycin synergy against a combinatorial array of antibiotics targeting various ribosomal sites suggested that putrescine acts as tetracyclines targeting the 30S ribosomal acceptor site. Next, exploiting the natural polyamine-azithromycin synergy, we screened a polyamine analogue library for azithromycin adjuvants, discovering four azithromycin synergists with activity starting from the low micromolar range and mechanisms similar to putrescine. This work sheds light on the bacterial antibiotic responses under conditions more reflective of those at the infection site and provides a new strategy to extend the macrolide spectrum to drug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M E Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Peri B Moulding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Omar M El-Halfawy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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2
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Rashid MH, Yellarthi SPK, Yellarthi PK, Didugu BGL, Mamillapalli A. Combined assessment of lysine and N-acetyl cadaverine levels assist as a potential biomarker of the smoker periodontitis. Amino Acids 2024; 56:41. [PMID: 38851640 PMCID: PMC11162398 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of supporting structures of teeth leading to attachment and bone loss. Cigarette smoking is the single most important and modifiable risk factor with 5 to 20-fold susceptibility for periodontal diseases. Reverse smoking is a peculiar habit of smoking where the lit end is kept inside the mouth, which is predominant in the northern coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. Polyamines are biologically active amines involved in tissue regeneration and modulation of inflammation. The study aimed to evaluate polyamines and check their utility as a marker in detection of periodontitis among different groups. Total polyamine levels showed significant increase in reverse smokers with periodontitis when compared to the other groups. Qualitative analysis by thin layer chromatography showed three polyamine bands with varying intensity among the different groups. Mass spectrometric and NMR analyses of the three bands identified them as N1, N8-diacetyl spermidine, N-acetyl cadaverine and lysine. Most significantly elevated levels of lysine was observed in the smoker and reverse smoker periodontitis groups when compared to healthy and non-smoker periodontitis groups. The significantly elevated levels of N-acetyl cadaverine could be responsible for the more destruction of periodontium in the reverse smoker group. Antioxidant potential decreased significantly in different smoker periodontitis groups. The present study suggests that the quantitative analysis of salivary polyamines, lysine and N-acetyl cadaverine can aid as an easy noninvasive diagnostic method for assessing the periodontal status, especially in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Haroon Rashid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530 045, India
| | - Sandhya Pavan Kumar Yellarthi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530 045, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Yellarthi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530 045, India
| | - Brinda Goda Lakshmi Didugu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530 045, India
| | - Anitha Mamillapalli
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530 045, India.
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Drinković N, Beus M, Barbir R, Debeljak Ž, Tariba Lovaković B, Kalčec N, Ćurlin M, Bekavac A, Gorup D, Mamić I, Mandić D, Micek V, Turčić P, Günday-Türeli N, Türeli E, Vinković Vrček I. Novel PLGA-based nanoformulation decreases doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38650478 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06269d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to provide formulations of antitumor agents with increased selectivity towards cancer tissue thereby decreasing systemic toxicity. This in vivo study evaluated the potential of novel nanoformulation based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to reduce the cardiotoxic potential of doxorubicin (DOX). In vivo toxicity of PLGADOX was compared with clinically approved non-PEGylated, liposomal nanoformulation of DOX (LipoDOX) and conventional DOX form (ConvDOX). The study was performed using Wistar Han rats of both sexes that were treated intravenously for 28 days with 5 doses of tested substances at intervals of 5 days. Histopathological analyses of heart tissues showed the presence of myofiber necrosis, degeneration processes, myocytolysis, and hemorrhage after treatment with ConvDOX, whereas only myofiber degeneration and hemorrhage were present after the treatment with nanoformulations. All DOX formulations caused an increase in the troponin T with the greatest increase caused by convDOX. qPCR analyses revealed an increase in the expression of inflammatory markers IL-6 and IL-8 after ConvDOX and an increase in IL-8 expression after lipoDOX treatments. The mass spectra imaging (MSI) of heart tissue indicates numerous metabolic and lipidomic changes caused by ConvDOX, while less severe cardiac damages were found after treatment with nanoformulations. In the case of LipoDOX, autophagy and apoptosis were still detectable, whereas PLGADOX induced only detectable mitochondrial toxicity. Cardiotoxic effects were frequently sex-related with the greater risk of cardiotoxicity observed mostly in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Beus
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Rinea Barbir
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Željko Debeljak
- JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
- University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Nikolina Kalčec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Ana Bekavac
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Gorup
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinik für Neuroradiology, Universitätspital Zürich Universitätsspital Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Mamić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vedran Micek
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petra Turčić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
- University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
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4
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Sudhakaran G, Sreekutty AR, Subramaniyan S, Madesh S, Priya PS, Pachaiappan R, Hatamleh AA, Al-Dosary MA, Arockiaraj J. Skeletal and neurological risks demonstrated in zebrafish due to second-hand cigarette smoke and the neutralization of luteolin. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102259. [PMID: 37922675 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke exposure poses significant health risks, including oxidative stress, inflammation, tissue damage, and neurodegenerative diseases. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is of interest in countering these effects. AIM This study aims to assess luteolin's protective potential against cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in adult zebrafish. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult zebrafish were exposed to CSE for 15 days, inducing smoke-related damage. Subsequent luteolin treatment assessed its impact. Evaluations included antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), nitric oxide (NO), LDH activity (cellular damage), tissue integrity, fibrosis, amyloid plaque accumulation, and CSE component analysis via HPLC. KEY FINDINGS CSE exposure heightened oxidative stress, reducing SOD and CAT activity and elevating NO levels, leading to cellular damage and tissue disruption, notably fibrosis and amyloid plaque accumulation. Inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β also increased. Luteolin treatment restored SOD and CAT activity, reduced LDH and NO activity, counteracting oxidative damage. It also mitigated fibrosis and reduced amyloid plaque deposition, preserving tissue integrity. Luteolin reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels and CSE components, displaying anti-inflammatory effects. SIGNIFICANCE This study underscores luteolin's potential as a protective agent against cigarette smoke-induced harm in a zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A R Sreekutty
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Subramaniyan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Madesh
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashraf Atef Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah Abdullah Al-Dosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Gavzy SJ, Kensiski A, Lee ZL, Mongodin EF, Ma B, Bromberg JS. Bifidobacterium mechanisms of immune modulation and tolerance. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2291164. [PMID: 38055306 PMCID: PMC10730214 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2291164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium is a widely distributed commensal bacterial genus that displays beneficial pro-homeostatic and anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory properties. Depletion or absence of Bifidobacterium in humans and model organisms is associated with autoimmune responses and impaired immune homeostasis. At the cellular level, Bifidobacterium upregulates suppressive regulatory T cells, maintains intestinal barrier function, modulates dendritic cell and macrophage activity, and dampens intestinal Th2 and Th17 programs. While there has been a large volume of literature characterizing the probiotic properties of various Bifidobacterial species, the likely multifactorial mechanisms underlying these effects remain elusive, in particular, its immune tolerogenic effect. However, recent work has shed light on Bifidobacterium surface structural polysaccharide and protein elements, as well as its metabolic products, as commensal mediators of immune homeostasis. This review aims to discuss several mechanisms Bifidobacterium utilizes for immune modulation as well as their indirect impact on the regulation of gut microbiome structure and function, from structural molecules to produced metabolites. These mechanisms are pertinent to an increasingly networked understanding of immune tolerance and homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Gavzy
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison Kensiski
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachariah L Lee
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Manchanda M, Torres M, Inuossa F, Bansal R, Kumar R, Hunt M, Wheelock CE, Bachar-Wikstrom E, Wikstrom JD. Metabolic Reprogramming and Reliance in Human Skin Wound Healing. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2039-2051.e10. [PMID: 37061123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Impaired skin wound healing is a significant global health issue, especially among the elderly. Wound healing is a well-orchestrated process involving the sequential phases of inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Although wound healing is a highly dynamic and energy-requiring process, the role of metabolism remains largely unexplored. By combining transcriptomics and metabolomics of human skin biopsy samples, we mapped the core bioenergetic and metabolic changes in normal acute as well as chronic wounds in elderly subjects. We found upregulation of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutaminolysis, and β-oxidation in the later stages of acute wound healing and in chronic wounds. To ascertain the role of these metabolic pathways on wound healing, we targeted each pathway in a wound healing assay as well as in a human skin explant model using metabolic inhibitors and stimulants. Enhancement or inhibition of glycolysis and, to a lesser extent, glutaminolysis had a far greater impact on wound healing than similar manipulations of oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid β-oxidation. These findings increase the understanding of wound metabolism and identify glycolysis and glutaminolysis as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Manchanda
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Torres
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Farydah Inuossa
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ritu Bansal
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, India
| | - Matthew Hunt
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Research Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Etty Bachar-Wikstrom
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob D Wikstrom
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Gushchina V, Kupper N, Schwarzkopf M, Frisch G, Piatek K, Aigner C, Michel A, Schueffl H, Iamartino L, Elajnaf T, Manhardt T, Vlasaty A, Heffeter P, Bassetto M, Kállay E, Schepelmann M. The calcium-sensing receptor modulates the prostaglandin E 2 pathway in intestinal inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1151144. [PMID: 37153788 PMCID: PMC10157649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1151144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway is one of the main mediators of intestinal inflammation. As activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) induces expression of inflammatory markers in the colon, we assessed the impact of the CaSR on the PGE2 pathway regulation in colon cancer cells and the colon in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results: We treated CaSR-transfected HT29 and Caco-2 colon cancer cell lines with different orthosteric ligands or modulators of the CaSR and measured gene expression and PGE2 levels. In CaSR-transfected HT29CaSR-GFP and Caco-2CaSR-GFP cells, the orthosteric CaSR ligand spermine and the positive allosteric CaSR modulator NPS R-568 both induced an inflammatory state as measured by IL-8 gene expression and significantly increased the expression of the PGE2 pathway key enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and/or prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (PGES-1). Inhibition of the CaSR with the calcilytic NPS 2143 abolished the spermine- and NPS R-568-induced pro-inflammatory response. Interestingly, we observed cell-line specific responses as e.g. PGES-1 expression was affected only in HT29CaSR-GFP but not in Caco-2CaSR-GFP cells. Other genes involved in the PGE2 pathway (COX-1, or the PGE2 receptors) were not responsive to the treatment. None of the studied genes were affected by any CaSR agonist in GFP-only transfected HT29GFP and Caco-2GFP cells, indicating that the observed gene-inducing effects of spermine and R-568 were indeed mediated by the CaSR. In vivo, we had previously determined that treatment with the clinically approved calcimimetic cinacalcet worsened symptoms in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. In the colons of these mice, cinacalcet significantly induced gene expression of PGES-2 and the EP3 receptor, but not COX-2; while NPS 2143 increased the expression of the PGE2-degrading enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). Importantly, neither treatment had any effect on the colons of non-DSS treated mice. Discussion: Overall, we show that activation of the CaSR induces the PGE2 pathway, albeit with differing effects in vitro and in vivo. This may be due to the different microenvironment in vivo compared to in vitro, specifically the presence of a CaSR-responsive immune system. Since calcilytics inhibit ligand-mediated CaSR signaling, they may be considered for novel therapies against inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Gushchina
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Kupper
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schwarzkopf
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gitta Frisch
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karina Piatek
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Aigner
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Michel
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Iamartino
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- SiSaf Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Manhardt
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Vlasaty
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcella Bassetto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Enikö Kállay
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zhang Y, Chen R, Zhang D, Qi S, Liu Y. Metabolite interactions between host and microbiota during health and disease: Which feeds the other? Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114295. [PMID: 36709600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites produced by the host and microbiota play a crucial role in how human bodies develop and remain healthy. Most of these metabolites are produced by microbiota and hosts in the digestive tract. Metabolites in the gut have important roles in energy metabolism, cellular communication, and host immunity, among other physiological activities. Although numerous host metabolites, such as free fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins, are found in the intestine, metabolites generated by gut microbiota are equally vital for intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, microbiota in the gut is the sole source of some metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Metabolites produced by microbiota, such as neurotransmitters and hormones, may modulate and significantly affect host metabolism. The gut microbiota is becoming recognized as a second endocrine system. A variety of chronic inflammatory disorders have been linked to aberrant host-microbiota interplays, but the precise mechanisms underpinning these disturbances and how they might lead to diseases remain to be fully elucidated. Microbiome-modulated metabolites are promising targets for new drug discovery due to their endocrine function in various complex disorders. In humans, metabolotherapy for the prevention or treatment of various disorders will be possible if we better understand the metabolic preferences of bacteria and the host in specific tissues and organs. Better disease treatments may be possible with the help of novel complementary therapies that target host or bacterial metabolism. The metabolites, their physiological consequences, and functional mechanisms of the host-microbiota interplays will be highlighted, summarized, and discussed in this overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anethesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - DuoDuo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Qi
- Department of Anethesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Alghanem B, Mansour FA, Shaibah H, Almuhalhil K, Almourfi F, Alamri HS, Alajmi H, Rashid M, Alroqi F, Jalouli M, Harrath AH, Boudjellal M, Barhoumi T. Quantitative proteomics analysis of COVID-19 patients: Fetuin-A and tetranectin as potential modulators of innate immune responses. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15224. [PMID: 37064481 PMCID: PMC10082967 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is extremely important to minimize death and end-organ damage. Here we performed a proteomic analysis of plasma samples from mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins and different therapeutic potential targets related to innate immune responses such as fetuin-A, tetranectin (TN) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1). Furthermore, protein changes in plasma showed dysregulation of complement and coagulation cascades in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, our proteomics data suggested fetuin-A and TN as potential targets that might be used for diagnosis as well as signatures for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Alghanem
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A Mansour
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayat Shaibah
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah Almuhalhil
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Almourfi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan S Alamri
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Alajmi
- Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamoon Rashid
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayhan Alroqi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maroua Jalouli
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Boudjellal
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Niekamp P, Kim CH. Microbial Metabolite Dysbiosis and Colorectal Cancer. Gut Liver 2023; 17:190-203. [PMID: 36632785 PMCID: PMC10018301 DOI: 10.5009/gnl220260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to continuously increase. Through research performed in the past decades, the effects of various environmental factors on CRC development have been well identified. Diet, the gut microbiota and their metabolites are key environmental factors that profoundly affect CRC development. Major microbial metabolites with a relevance for CRC prevention and pathogenesis include dietary fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids, bile acid derivatives, indole metabolites, polyamines, trimethylamine-N-oxide, formate, and hydrogen sulfide. These metabolites regulate various cell types in the intestine, leading to an altered intestinal barrier, immunity, chronic inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The physical, chemical, and metabolic properties of these metabolites along with their distinct functions to trigger host receptors appear to largely determine their effects in regulating CRC development. In this review, we will discuss the current advances in our understanding of the major CRC-regulating microbial metabolites, focusing on their production and interactive effects on immune responses and tumorigenesis in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Niekamp
- Department of Pathology and Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chang H. Kim
- Department of Pathology and Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Wang L, Li S, Wang K, Wang N, Liu Q, Sun Z, Wang L, Wang L, Liu Q, Song C, Yang Q. Spermine enhances antiviral and anticancer responses by stabilizing DNA binding with the DNA sensor cGAS. Immunity 2023; 56:272-288.e7. [PMID: 36724787 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-nonself discrimination is vital for the immune system to mount responses against pathogens while maintaining tolerance toward the host and innocuous commensals during homeostasis. Here, we investigated how indiscriminate DNA sensors, such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), make this self-nonself distinction. Screening of a small-molecule library revealed that spermine, a well-known DNA condenser associated with viral DNA, markedly elevates cGAS activation. Mechanistically, spermine condenses DNA to enhance and stabilize cGAS-DNA binding, optimizing cGAS and downstream antiviral signaling. Spermine promotes condensation of viral, but not host nucleosome, DNA. Deletion of viral DNA-associated spermine, by propagating virus in spermine-deficient cells, reduced cGAS activation. Spermine depletion subsequently attenuated cGAS-mediated antiviral and anticancer immunity. Collectively, our results reveal a pathogenic DNA-associated molecular pattern that facilitates nonself recognition, linking metabolism and pathogen recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Siru Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Na Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Qiaoling Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chengli Song
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Qingkai Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
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12
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Mei S, Deng Z, Chen Y, Ning D, Guo Y, Fan X, Wang R, Meng Y, Zhou Q, Tian X. Dysbiosis: The first hit for digestive system cancer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1040991. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer may be associated with dysbiosis, which is characterized by an alteration of the gut microbiota. Understanding the role of gut microbiota in the development of gastrointestinal cancer is useful for cancer prevention and gut microbiota-based therapy. However, the potential role of dysbiosis in the onset of tumorigenesis is not fully understood. While accumulating evidence has demonstrated the presence of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota of both healthy individuals and patients with various digestive system diseases, severe dysbiosis is often present in patients with digestive system cancer. Importantly, specific bacteria have been isolated from the fecal samples of these patients. Thus, the association between dysbiosis and the development of digestive system cancer cannot be ignored. A new model describing this relationship must be established. In this review, we postulate that dysbiosis serves as the first hit for the development of digestive system cancer. Dysbiosis-induced alterations, including inflammation, aberrant immune response, bacteria-produced genotoxins, and cellular stress response associated with genetic, epigenetic, and/or neoplastic changes, are second hits that speed carcinogenesis. This review explains the mechanisms for these four pathways and discusses gut microbiota-based therapies. The content included in this review will shed light on gut microbiota-based strategies for cancer prevention and therapy.
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13
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Maruyama M, Nishida Y, Tanaka H, Minami T, Ogawara KI, Miyake M, Takamura Y, Kakuta H, Higaki K. Analysis of absorption-enhancing mechanisms for combinatorial use of spermine with sodium taurocholate in Caco-2 cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:332-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Cortés A, Martin J, Rosa BA, Stark KA, Clare S, McCarthy C, Harcourt K, Brandt C, Tolley C, Lawley TD, Mitreva M, Berriman M, Rinaldi G, Cantacessi C. The gut microbial metabolic capacity of microbiome-humanized vs. wild type rodents reveals a likely dual role of intestinal bacteria in hepato-intestinal schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010878. [PMID: 36279280 PMCID: PMC9633004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that the host gut microbiota might be involved in the immunological cascade that culminates with the formation of tissue granulomas underlying the pathophysiology of hepato-intestinal schistosomiasis. In this study, we investigated the impact of Schistosoma mansoni infection on the gut microbial composition and functional potential of both wild type and microbiome-humanized mice. In spite of substantial differences in microbiome composition at baseline, selected pathways were consistently affected by parasite infection. The gut microbiomes of infected mice of both lines displayed, amongst other features, enhanced capacity for tryptophan and butyrate production, which might be linked to the activation of mechanisms aimed to prevent excessive injuries caused by migrating parasite eggs. Complementing data from previous studies, our findings suggest that the host gut microbiome might play a dual role in the pathophysiology of schistosomiasis, where intestinal bacteria may contribute to egg-associated pathology while, in turn, protect the host from uncontrolled tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Departament de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - John Martin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Rosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Klara A. Stark
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Harcourt
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Cordelia Brandt
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Tolley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor D. Lawley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Tellechea LM, Freeman S, Agalliu I, Laudano MA, Suadicani SO, Abraham N. A Feasibility Study to Evaluate Changes in Urinary Metabolites after OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection for Refractory Overactive Bladder. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090880. [PMID: 36144284 PMCID: PMC9504526 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics analysis of urine before and after overactive bladder (OAB) treatment may demonstrate a unique molecular profile, allowing predictions of responses to treatment. This feasibility study aimed to correlate changes in urinary metabolome with changes in OAB symptoms after intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX-A) injections for refractory OAB. Women 18 years or older with non-neurogenic refractory OAB were recruited to complete OAB-V8 questionnaires and submit urine samples before and after 100 units intravesical BTX-A injection. Samples were submitted to CE-TOFMS metabolomics profiling. Data were expressed as percent of change from pre-treatment and were correlated with OAB-V8 score improvement. Urinary metabolite changes in the OAB-V8 groups were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and associations between metabolites and OAB-V8 scores were examined using quantile regression analysis. Of 61 urinary metabolites commonly detected before and after BTX-A, there was a statistically significant decrease in adenosine and an increase in N8-acetylspermidine and guanidinoacetic acid levels associated with OAB score improvement, suggesting that intravesical BTX-A injection modifies the urinary metabolome. These urinary metabolites could provide insight into OAB pathophysiology and help identify patients who would benefit most from chemodenervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Tellechea
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Samantha Freeman
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Melissa A. Laudano
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sylvia O. Suadicani
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (S.O.S.); (N.A.)
| | - Nitya Abraham
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: (S.O.S.); (N.A.)
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16
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Drapela S, Ilter D, Gomes AP. Metabolic reprogramming: a bridge between aging and tumorigenesis. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3295-3318. [PMID: 35666002 PMCID: PMC9490145 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most robust risk factor for cancer development, with more than 60% of cancers occurring in those aged 60 and above. However, how aging and tumorigenesis are intertwined is poorly understood and a matter of significant debate. Metabolic changes are hallmarks of both aging and tumorigenesis. The deleterious consequences of aging include dysfunctional cellular processes, the build‐up of metabolic byproducts and waste molecules in circulation and within tissues, and stiffer connective tissues that impede blood flow and oxygenation. Collectively, these age‐driven changes lead to metabolic reprogramming in different cell types of a given tissue that significantly affects their cellular functions. Here, we put forward the idea that metabolic changes that happen during aging help create a favorable environment for tumorigenesis. We review parallels in metabolic changes that happen during aging and how these changes function both as adaptive mechanisms that enable the development of malignant phenotypes in a cell‐autonomous manner and as mechanisms that suppress immune surveillance, collectively creating the perfect environment for cancers to thrive. Hence, antiaging therapeutic strategies that target the metabolic reprogramming that occurs as we age might provide new opportunities to prevent cancer initiation and/or improve responses to standard‐of‐care anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Drapela
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Didem Ilter
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ana P Gomes
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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17
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Sudhakaran G, Guru A, Haridevamuthu B, Murugan R, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Molecular properties of postbiotics and their role in controlling aquaculture diseases. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 53:3257-3273. [DOI: 10.1111/are.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - B. Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I‐AQUAS) Universiti Putra Malaysia Port Dickson Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
- Foundation for Aquaculture Innovations and Technology Transfer (FAITT) Chennai India
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18
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Anania C, Brindisi G, Martinelli I, Bonucci E, D’Orsi M, Ialongo S, Nyffenegger A, Raso T, Spatuzzo M, De Castro G, Zicari AM, Carraro C, Piccioni MG, Olivero F. Probiotics Function in Preventing Atopic Dermatitis in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105409. [PMID: 35628229 PMCID: PMC9141149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by relapsing eczematous injuries and severe pruritus. In the last few years, the AD prevalence has been increasing, reaching 20% in children and 10% in adults in high-income countries. Recently, the potential role of probiotics in AD prevention has generated considerable interest. As many clinical studies show, the gut microbiota is able to modulate systemic inflammatory and immune responses influencing the development of sensitization and allergy. Probiotics are used increasingly against AD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotics mediated anti-allergic effect remain unclear and there is controversy about their efficacy. In this narrative review, we examine the actual evidence on the effect of probiotic supplementation for AD prevention in the pediatric population, discussing also the potential biological mechanisms of action in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Anania
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Brindisi
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Ivana Martinelli
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Edoardo Bonucci
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Miriam D’Orsi
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Sara Ialongo
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Anna Nyffenegger
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Tonia Raso
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Mattia Spatuzzo
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Giovanna De Castro
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Carlo Carraro
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Maria Grazia Piccioni
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (I.M.); (E.B.); (M.D.); (S.I.); (A.N.); (T.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.C.); (A.M.Z.); (C.C.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Francesca Olivero
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCSS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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19
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Montanari C, Ceccarani C, Corsello A, Zuvadelli J, Ottaviano E, Dei Cas M, Banderali G, Zuccotti G, Borghi E, Verduci E. Glycomacropeptide Safety and Its Effect on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Phenylketonuria: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091883. [PMID: 35565850 PMCID: PMC9104775 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycomacropeptide (GMP) represents a good alternative protein source in Phenylketonuria (PKU). In a mouse model, it has been suggested to exert a prebiotic role on beneficial gut bacteria. In this study, we performed the 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate the effect of 6 months of GMP supplementation on the gut microbiota of nine PKU patients, comparing their bacterial composition and clinical parameters before and after the intervention. GMP seems to be safe from both the microbiological and the clinical point of view. Indeed, we did not observe dramatic changes in the gut microbiota but a specific prebiotic effect on the butyrate-producer Agathobacter spp. and, to a lesser extent, of Subdoligranulum. Clinically, GMP intake did not show a significant impact on both metabolic control, as phenylalanine values were kept below the age target and nutritional parameters. On the other hand, an amelioration of calcium phosphate homeostasis was observed, with an increase in plasmatic vitamin D and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase. Our results suggest GMP as a safe alternative in the PKU diet and its possible prebiotic role on specific taxa without causing dramatic changes in the commensal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Montanari
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.C.); (G.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Camilla Ceccarani
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.C.); (G.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Juri Zuvadelli
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (J.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Emerenziana Ottaviano
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.O.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.O.); (M.D.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Banderali
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (J.Z.); (G.B.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.C.); (G.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.O.); (M.D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250323240
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.C.); (G.Z.); (E.V.)
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.O.); (M.D.C.)
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20
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Song Q, Nasri U, Zeng D. Steroid-Refractory Gut Graft-Versus-Host Disease: What We Have Learned From Basic Immunology and Experimental Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844271. [PMID: 35251043 PMCID: PMC8894323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal graft-versus-host disease (Gut-GVHD) is one of the major causes of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). While systemic glucocorticoids (GCs) comprise the first-line treatment option, the response rate for GCs varies from 30% to 50%. The prognosis for patients with steroid-refractory acute Gut-GVHD (SR-Gut-aGVHD) remains dismal. The mechanisms underlying steroid resistance are unclear, and apart from ruxolitinib, there are no approved treatments for SR-Gut-aGVHD. In this review, we provide an overview of the current biological understanding of experimental SR-Gut-aGVHD pathogenesis, the advanced technology that can be applied to the human SR-Gut-aGVHD studies, and the potential novel therapeutic options for patients with SR-Gut-aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Song
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingxiao Song,
| | - Ubaydah Nasri
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Defu Zeng
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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21
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Shynkevych VI, Kolomiiets SV, Kaidashev IP. Effects of l-arginine and l-ornithine supplementations on the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A preliminary randomized short-term clinical trial. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08353. [PMID: 34816043 PMCID: PMC8593455 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in the possibilities of modulating macrophages in inflammatory diseases with therapeutic purpose has prompted the development of new approaches for the treatment of periodontitis. This randomized add-on open preliminary clinical study evaluated the short-term effects of L-arginine or L-ornithine as an adjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods Seventy-five periodontitis patients were recruited and monitored clinically and immunologically at baseline (before SRP) and 30 ± 5 days after SRP. All patients were assigned by stratified randomization to SRP (SRP only, n = 25), Arg (SRP + L-arginine, n = 25) or Control (SRP + L-ornithine, n = 25) Group. The medicines were used according to available instructions for 10 and 15 days, respectively. During the study, all patients were on a stable diet, without changing their rations and regiments. As immunological monitoring immunohistochemical study of CD68+ and CD163 + single positive gingival macrophages for 5 patients per group in the same time-point was conducted. The data were statistically analyzed. Results Reduction of periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BoP) was observed in all groups, with significant between-group differences for BoP in the Arg Group (p < 0.0001) at 30 days. The SRP and Arg groups demonstrated nonsignificantly increased density of CD68+ and CD163 + cells. The Orn Group showed an increase in the density of CD68+ and CD163 + macrophages at intragroup (p = 0.0066 and p < 0.0001) and between-group levels (p = 0.001 and p < 0.0001), and these changes corresponded to clinical PPD and BoP reduction. In the Arg and Orn groups at 30 days, CD163 + macrophages significantly predominated over CD68+ (p = 0.013, p < 0.0001). Conclusion The use of L-arginine and L-ornithine as an adjunct to SRP promotes additional limited immunological benefit in the treatment of periodontitis. Metabolic stimulation with L-ornithine, but not L-arginine, is preferable for CD163+ Mφs subpopulation in periodontitis-affected gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia I Shynkevych
- Department of Postgraduate Education for Dentists, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine.,Research Institute of Genetic and Immunological Foundations of the Development of Pathology and Pharmacogenetics, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana V Kolomiiets
- Department of Postgraduate Education for Dentists, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Igor P Kaidashev
- Department of Internal Medicine No.3 with Phthysiology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
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22
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Debnath N, Kumar R, Kumar A, Mehta PK, Yadav AK. Gut-microbiota derived bioactive metabolites and their functions in host physiology. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:105-153. [PMID: 34678130 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.1989847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Every individual harbours a complex, diverse and mutualistic microbial flora in their intestine and over the time it became an integral part of the body, affecting a plethora of activities of the host. Interaction between host and gut-microbiota affects several aspects of host physiology. Gut-microbiota affects host metabolism by fermenting unabsorbed/undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine. Not only the metabolic functions, any disturbances in the composition of the gut-microbiota during first 2-3 years of life may impact on the brain development and later affects cognition and behaviour. Thus, gut-dysbiosis causes certain serious pathological conditions in the host including metabolic disorders, inflammatory bowel disease and mood alterations, etc. Microbial-metabolites in recent times have emerged as key mediators and are responsible for microbiota induced beneficial effects on host. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of microbial-metabolite production, their respective physiological functions and the impact of gut-microbiome in health and diseases. Metabolites from dietary fibres, aromatic amino acids such as tryptophan, primary bile acids and others are the potential substances and link microbiota to host physiology. Many of these metabolites act as signalling molecules to a number of cells types and also help in the secretion of hormones. Moreover, interaction of microbiota derived metabolites with their host, immunity boosting mechanisms, protection against pathogens and modulation of metabolism is also highlighted here. Understanding all these functional attributes of metabolites produced from gut-microbiota may lead to the opening of a new avenue for preventing and developing potent therapies against several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | | | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Jant-Pali, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Mehta
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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23
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Mohamed FA, Thangavelu G, Rhee SY, Sage PT, O’Connor RS, Rathmell JC, Blazar BR. Recent Metabolic Advances for Preventing and Treating Acute and Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757836. [PMID: 34712243 PMCID: PMC8546182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is limited by the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In GVHD, rigorous pre-conditioning regimen resets the immune landscape and inflammatory milieu causing immune dysregulation, characterized by an expansion of alloreactive cells and a reduction in immune regulatory cells. In acute GVHD (aGVHD), the release of damage- and pathogen- associated molecular patterns from damaged tissue caused by the conditioning regimen sets the stage for T cell priming, activation and expansion further exacerbating tissue injury and organ damage, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have shown that donor T cells utilize multiple energetic and biosynthetic pathways to mediate GVHD that can be distinct from the pathways used by regulatory T cells for their suppressive function. In chronic GVHD (cGVHD), donor T cells may differentiate into IL-21 producing T follicular helper cells or tissue resident T helper cells that cooperate with germinal center B cells or memory B cells, respectively, to produce allo- and auto-reactive antibodies with subsequent tissue fibrosis. Alternatively, donor T cells can become IFN- γ/IL-17 cytokine expressing T cells that mediate sclerodermatous skin injury. Patients refractory to the first line standard regimens for GVHD treatment have a poor prognosis indicating an urgent need for new therapies to restore the balance between effector and regulatory immune cells while preserving the beneficial graft-versus-tumor effect. Emerging data points toward a role for metabolism in regulating these allo- and auto-immune responses. Here, we will discuss the preclinical and clinical data available on the distinct metabolic demands of acute and chronic GVHD and recent efforts in identifying therapeutic targets using metabolomics. Another dimension of this review will examine the changing microbiome after allo-HSCT and the role of microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids and long chain fatty acids on regulating immune responses. Lastly, we will examine the metabolic implications of coinhibitory pathway blockade and cellular therapies in allo-HSCT. In conclusion, greater understanding of metabolic pathways involved in immune cell dysregulation during allo-HSCT may pave the way to provide novel therapies to prevent and treat GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima A. Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Stephanie Y. Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Roddy S. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Montanari C, Parolisi S, Borghi E, Putignani L, Bassanini G, Zuvadelli J, Bonfanti C, Tummolo A, Dionisi Vici C, Biasucci G, Burlina A, Carbone MT, Verduci E. Dysbiosis, Host Metabolism, and Non-communicable Diseases: Trialogue in the Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Front Physiol 2021; 12:716520. [PMID: 34588993 PMCID: PMC8475650 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.716520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) represent a complex system model, in need of a shift of approach exploring the main factors mediating the regulation of the system, internal or external and overcoming the traditional concept of biochemical and genetic defects. In this context, among the established factors influencing the metabolic flux, i.e., diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, xenobiotics, infectious agents, also the individual gut microbiota should be considered. A healthy gut microbiota contributes in maintaining human health by providing unique metabolic functions to the human host. Many patients with IEMs are on special diets, the main treatment for these diseases. Hence, IEMs represent a good model to evaluate how specific dietary patterns, in terms of macronutrients composition and quality of nutrients, can be related to a characteristic microbiota associated with a specific clinical phenotype (“enterophenotype”). In the present review, we aim at reporting the possible links existing between dysbiosis, a condition reported in IEMs patients, and a pro-inflammatory status, through an altered “gut-liver” cross-talk network and a major oxidative stress, with a repercussion on the health status of the patient, increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). On this basis, more attention should be paid to the nutritional status assessment and the clinical and biochemical signs of possible onset of comorbidities, with the goal of improving the long-term wellbeing in IEMs. A balanced intestinal ecosystem has been shown to positively contribute to patient health and its perturbation may influence the clinical spectrum of individuals with IEMs. For this, reaching eubiosis through the improvement of the quality of dietary products and mixtures, the use of pre-, pro- and postbiotics, could represent both a preventive and therapeutic strategy in these complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Montanari
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Parolisi
- UOS Metabolic and Rare Diseases, AORN Santobono, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Juri Zuvadelli
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Bonfanti
- Rare Metabolic Disease Unit, Pediatric Department, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Albina Tummolo
- Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Genetics Unit, Children's Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Department of Paediatrics & Neonatology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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25
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Fujiwara H. Crosstalk Between Intestinal Microbiota Derived Metabolites and Tissues in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703298. [PMID: 34512627 PMCID: PMC8429959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an evidence based- cellular immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. Immune reactions not only promote graft-versus-tumor effects that kill hematological malignant cells but also graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) that is the primary complication characterized by systemic organ damages consisting of T-cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) activation. GVHD has long been recognized as an immunological reaction that requires an immunosuppressive treatment targeting immune cells. However immune suppression cannot always prevent GVHD or effectively treat it once it has developed. Recent studies using high-throughput sequencing technology investigated the impact of microbial flora on GVHD and provided profound insights of the mechanism of GVHD other than immune cells. Allo-HSCT affects the intestinal microbiota and microbiome-metabolome axis that can alter intestinal homeostasis and the severity of experimental GVHD. This axis can potentially be manipulated via dietary intervention or metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria affected post-allo-HSCT. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of experimental GVHD regulation by the complex microbial community-metabolites-host tissue axis. Furthermore, we summarize the major findings of microbiome-based immunotherapeutic approaches that protect tissues from experimental GVHD. Understanding the complex relationships between gut microbiota-metabolites-host tissues axis provides crucial insight into the pathogenesis of GVHD and advances the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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26
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Endogenous Regulation and Pharmacological Modulation of Sepsis-Induced HMGB1 Release and Action: An Updated Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092220. [PMID: 34571869 PMCID: PMC8469563 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a common cause of death in intensive care units, accounting for approximately 20% of total deaths worldwide. Its pathogenesis is partly attributable to dysregulated inflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxins (such as lipopolysaccharide, LPS), which stimulate innate immune cells to sequentially release early cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferons (IFNs)) and late mediators (such as high-mobility group box 1, HMGB1). Despite difficulties in translating mechanistic insights into effective therapies, an improved understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of sepsis is still urgently needed. Here, we review recent progress in elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying the regulation of HMGB1 release and action, and propose a few potential therapeutic candidates for future clinical investigations.
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27
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Novita Sari I, Setiawan T, Seock Kim K, Toni Wijaya Y, Won Cho K, Young Kwon H. Metabolism and function of polyamines in cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2021; 519:91-104. [PMID: 34186159 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are essential for the proliferation, differentiation, and development of eukaryotes. They include spermine, spermidine, and the diamine precursor putrescine, and are low-molecular-weight, organic polycations with more than two amino groups. Their intracellular concentrations are strictly maintained within a specific physiological range through several regulatory mechanisms in normal cells. In contrast, polyamine metabolism is dysregulated in many neoplastic states, including cancer. In various types of cancer, polyamine levels are elevated, and crosstalk occurs between polyamine metabolism and oncogenic pathways, such as mTOR and RAS pathways. Thus, polyamines might have potential as therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of cancer. The molecular mechanisms linking polyamine metabolism to carcinogenesis must be unraveled to develop novel inhibitors of polyamine metabolism. This overview describes the nature of polyamines, their association with carcinogenesis, the development of polyamine inhibitors and their potential, and the findings of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ita Novita Sari
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Tania Setiawan
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seock Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea; Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea; Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Wu Q, Yu X, Li J, Sun S, Tu Y. Metabolic regulation in the immune response to cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:661-694. [PMID: 34145990 PMCID: PMC8360644 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in tumor‐immune interactions is emerging as a key factor affecting pro‐inflammatory carcinogenic effects and anticancer immune responses. Therefore, dysregulated metabolites and their regulators affect both cancer progression and therapeutic response. Here, we describe the molecular mechanisms through which microenvironmental, systemic, and microbial metabolites potentially influence the host immune response to mediate malignant progression and therapeutic intervention. We summarized the primary interplaying factors that constitute metabolism, immunological reactions, and cancer with a focus on mechanistic aspects. Finally, we discussed the possibility of metabolic interventions at multiple levels to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic and conventional approaches for future anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P. R. China
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29
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Miyake M, Minami T, Maruyama M, Mukai T, Higaki K. Spermine with Sodium Taurocholate Enhances Pulmonary Absorption of Macromolecules in Rats. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3464-3470. [PMID: 34118254 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The improvement effect of the combined use of spermine (SPM), a polyamine, with sodium taurocholate (STC) on the pulmonary drug absorption was investigated utilizing poorly absorbable drugs with various molecular sizes in rats. The pulmonary absorption of rebamipide, a low molecular but poorly absorbable drug after oral administration, was significantly improved by the combined use of SPM with STC (SPM-STC formulation), while poly- L-lysine did not show a significant change in rebamipide absorption from the lungs. Furthermore, the safety of the SPM-STC formulation for the lungs was assessed in rats by the histopathological study and any local toxicity was not observed while poly-L-lysine, a typical chemical causing the toxicity for the epithelial cells, provided several histopathological changes. In addition, the SPM-STC formulation significantly improved the pulmonary absorption of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 4 (FD-4, Mw ca 4000) and interferon-α (IFN-α, Mw ca 25,000) as well. Our present results clearly indicated that the SPM-STC formulation significantly improved the pulmonary absorption of poorly absorbable small and large molecular drugs without any harmful effects on the lungs. Therefore, the SPM-STC formulation would be a useful one for the pulmonary absorption of drugs, specifically macromolecular ones, which are very difficult to be absorbed after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Miyake
- BA Project, Formulation Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 224-18 Ebisuno Hiraishi Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0182, Japan; Medical Safety Section, Pharmacovigilance Department, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 3-2-27, Otedori, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0021, Japan.
| | - Takanori Minami
- Histopathology Research Office, Department of Toxicology, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Masato Maruyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mukai
- BA Project, Formulation Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 224-18 Ebisuno Hiraishi Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0182, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Higaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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30
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Peng Q, Wong CYP, Cheuk IWY, Teoh JYC, Chiu PKF, Ng CF. The Emerging Clinical Role of Spermine in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094382. [PMID: 33922247 PMCID: PMC8122740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermine, a member of polyamines, exists in all organisms and is essential for normal cell growth and function. It is highly expressed in the prostate compared with other organs and is detectable in urine, tissue, expressed prostatic secretions, and erythrocyte. A significant reduction of spermine level was observed in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue compared with benign prostate tissue, and the level of urinary spermine was also significantly lower in men with PCa. Decreased spermine level may be used as an indicator of malignant phenotype transformation from normal to malignant tissue in prostate. Studies targeting polyamines and key rate-limiting enzymes associated with spermine metabolism as a tool for PCa therapy and chemoprevention have been conducted with various polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and polyamine analogues. The mechanism between spermine and PCa development are possibly related to the regulation of polyamine metabolism, cancer-driving pathways, oxidative stress, anticancer immunosurveillance, and apoptosis regulation. Although the specific mechanism of spermine in PCa development is still unclear, ongoing research in spermine metabolism and its association with PCa pathophysiology opens up new opportunities in the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of spermine in PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chi-Fai Ng
- Correspondence: (P.K.-F.C.); (C.-F.N.); Tel.: +85-235-052-625 (C.-F.N.)
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31
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Ashokcoomar S, Loots DT, Beukes D, van Reenen M, Pillay B, Pillay M. M. tuberculosis curli pili (MTP) is associated with alterations in carbon, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in a THP-1 macrophage infection model. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104806. [PMID: 33610716 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The initial host-pathogen interaction is crucial for the establishment of infection. An improved understanding of the pathophysiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) during macrophage infection can aid the development of intervention therapeutics against tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis curli pili (MTP) is a surface located adhesin, involved in the first point-of-contact between pathogen and host. This study aimed to better understand the role of MTP in modulating the intertwined metabolic pathways of M. tuberculosis and its THP-1 macrophage host. Metabolites were extracted from pelleted wet cell mass of THP-1 macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis wild-type V9124 (WT), Δmtp-deletion mutant and the mtp-complemented strains, respectively, via a whole metabolome extraction method using a 1:3:1 ratio of chloroform:methanol:water. Metabolites were detected by two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Significant metabolites were determined through univariate and multivariate statistical tests and online pathway databases. Relative to the WT, a total of nine and ten metabolites were significantly different in the Δmtp and complement strains, respectively. All nine significant metabolites were found in elevated levels in the Δmtp relative to the WT. Additionally, of the ten significant metabolites, eight were detected in lower levels and two were detected in higher levels in the complement relative to the WT. The absence of the MTP adhesin resulted in reduced virulence of M. tuberculosis leading to alterations in metabolites involved in carbon, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism during macrophage infection, suggesting that MTP plays an important role in the modulation of host metabolic activity. These findings support the prominent role of the MTP adhesin as a virulence factor as well as a promising biomarker for possible diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinese Ashokcoomar
- Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1st Floor Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Congella, Private Bag 7, Durban, 4013, South Africa.
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Derylize Beukes
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Mari van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Balakrishna Pillay
- Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban. 4000, South Africa.
| | - Manormoney Pillay
- Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1st Floor Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Congella, Private Bag 7, Durban, 4013, South Africa.
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Lopes SP, Jorge P, Sousa AM, Pereira MO. Discerning the role of polymicrobial biofilms in the ascent, prevalence, and extent of heteroresistance in clinical practice. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:162-191. [PMID: 33527850 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1863329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial therapy is facing a worrisome and underappreciated challenge, the phenomenon of heteroresistance (HR). HR has been gradually documented in clinically relevant pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Burkholderia spp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida spp.) towards several drugs and is believed to complicate the clinical picture of chronic infections. This type of infections are typically mediated by polymicrobial biofilms, wherein microorganisms inherently display a wide range of physiological states, distinct metabolic pathways, diverging refractory levels of stress responses, and a complex network of chemical signals exchange. This review aims to provide an overview on the relevance, prevalence, and implications of HR in clinical settings. Firstly, related terminologies (e.g. resistance, tolerance, persistence), sometimes misunderstood and overlapped, were clarified. Factors generating misleading HR definitions were also uncovered. Secondly, the recent HR incidences reported in clinically relevant pathogens towards different antimicrobials were annotated. The potential mechanisms underlying such occurrences were further elucidated. Finally, the link between HR and biofilms was discussed. The focus was to recognize the presence of heterogeneous levels of resistance within most biofilms, as well as the relevance of polymicrobial biofilms in chronic infectious diseases and their role in resistance spreading. These topics were subject of a critical appraisal, gaining insights into the ascending clinical implications of HR in antimicrobial resistance spreading, which could ultimately help designing effective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Patrícia Lopes
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paula Jorge
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Sousa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Boddy SL, Giovannelli I, Sassani M, Cooper-Knock J, Snyder MP, Segal E, Elinav E, Barker LA, Shaw PJ, McDermott CJ. The gut microbiome: a key player in the complexity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). BMC Med 2021; 19:13. [PMID: 33468103 PMCID: PMC7816375 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much progress has been made in mapping genetic abnormalities linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the majority of cases still present with no known underlying cause. Furthermore, even in families with a shared genetic abnormality there is significant phenotypic variability, suggesting that non-genetic elements may modify pathogenesis. Identification of such disease-modifiers is important as they might represent new therapeutic targets. A growing body of research has begun to shed light on the role played by the gut microbiome in health and disease with a number of studies linking abnormalities to ALS. MAIN BODY The microbiome refers to the genes belonging to the myriad different microorganisms that live within and upon us, collectively known as the microbiota. Most of these microbes are found in the intestines, where they play important roles in digestion and the generation of key metabolites including neurotransmitters. The gut microbiota is an important aspect of the environment in which our bodies operate and inter-individual differences may be key to explaining the different disease outcomes seen in ALS. Work has begun to investigate animal models of the disease, and the gut microbiomes of people living with ALS, revealing changes in the microbial communities of these groups. The current body of knowledge will be summarised in this review. Advances in microbiome sequencing methods will be highlighted, as their improved resolution now enables researchers to further explore differences at a functional level. Proposed mechanisms connecting the gut microbiome to neurodegeneration will also be considered, including direct effects via metabolites released into the host circulation and indirect effects on bioavailability of nutrients and even medications. CONCLUSION Profiling of the gut microbiome has the potential to add an environmental component to rapidly advancing studies of ALS genetics and move research a step further towards personalised medicine for this disease. Moreover, should compelling evidence of upstream neurotoxicity or neuroprotection initiated by gut microbiota emerge, modification of the microbiome will represent a potential new avenue for disease modifying therapies. For an intractable condition with few current therapeutic options, further research into the ALS microbiome is of crucial importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Boddy
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ilaria Giovannelli
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matilde Sassani
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Division of Cancer-Microbiome Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lynne A Barker
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Alqahtani S, Cooper B, Spears CA, Wright C, Shannahan J. Electronic nicotine delivery system-induced alterations in oral health via saliva assessment. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1319-1325. [PMID: 32640897 PMCID: PMC7441347 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220941258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The use of traditional tobacco products is a known risk factor for the development of diseases including periodontal disease. To date, the potential oral health effects related to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use is unknown. This study collected saliva from ENDS users and never tobacco users to examine differences in the oral cavity of inflammatory cytokines and metabolites. The identification and measurement of these ENDS-related changes provide insight into disease pathways potentially associated with ENDS use. The utilization of saliva samples collected from human participates enhances the application of the findings compared to the majority of studies using cell culture and animal models. In addition, these foundational findings can inform future studies to examining specific pathways identified, interventional approaches, and application of translatable biomarkers of ENDS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alqahtani
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- National Center for Pharmaceuticals,
Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science
and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruce Cooper
- Purdue Metabolite Profiling
Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Claire A Spears
- School of Public Health,
Georgia
State University, Atlanta, GA 30303,
USA
| | - Christa Wright
- School of Public Health,
Georgia
State University, Atlanta, GA 30303,
USA
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Puccetti M, Xiroudaki S, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S. Postbiotic-Enabled Targeting of the Host-Microbiota-Pathogen Interface: Hints of Antibiotic Decline? Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E624. [PMID: 32635461 PMCID: PMC7408102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismanagement of bacterial infection therapies has undermined the reliability and efficacy of antibiotic treatments, producing a profound crisis of the antibiotic drug market. It is by now clear that tackling deadly infections demands novel strategies not only based on the mere toxicity of anti-infective compounds. Host-directed therapies have been the first example as novel treatments with alternate success. Nevertheless, recent advances in the human microbiome research have provided evidence that compounds produced by the microbial metabolism, namely postbiotics, can have significant impact on human health. Such compounds target the host-microbe-pathogen interface rescuing biotic and immune unbalances as well as inflammation, thus providing novel therapeutic opportunities. This work discusses critically, through literature review and personal contributions, these novel nonantibiotic treatment strategies for infectious disease management and resistance prevention, which could represent a paradigm change rocking the foundation of current antibiotic therapy tenets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, via del Liceo 1, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.X.); (M.R.)
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Lee YR, Kim H, Lew BL, Sim WY, Lee J, Oh HB, Hong J, Chung BC. Sex-related differences in urinary immune-related metabolic profiling of alopecia areata patients. Metabolomics 2020; 16:15. [PMID: 31950279 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-1634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alopecia areata is a well-known autoimmune disease affecting humans. Polyamines are closely associated with proliferation and inflammation, and steroid hormones are involved in immune responses. Additionally, bile acids play roles in immune homeostasis by activating various signaling pathways; however, the roles of these substances and their metabolites in alopecia areata remain unclear. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to identify differences in metabolite levels in urine samples from patients with alopecia areata and healthy controls. METHODS To assess polyamine, androgen, and bile acid concentrations, we performed high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Our results showed that spermine and dehydroepiandrosterone levels differed significantly between male patients and controls, whereas ursodeoxycholic acid levels were significantly higher in female patients with alopecia areata than in controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested different urinary polyamine, androgen, and bile acid concentrations between alopecia areata patients and normal controls. Additionally, levels of endogenous substances varied according to sex, and this should be considered when developing appropriate treatments and diagnostic techniques. Our findings improve our understanding of polyamine, androgen, and bile acid profiles in patients with alopecia areata and highlight the need to consider sex-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Haksoon Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Bark Lynn Lew
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Korea
| | - Woo Young Sim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Korea
| | - Jeongae Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea.
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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Metabolomics analysis of human acute graft-versus-host disease reveals changes in host and microbiota-derived metabolites. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5695. [PMID: 31836702 PMCID: PMC6910937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvement in clinical management, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is still hampered by high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly due to graft versus host disease (GvHD). Recently, it has been demonstrated that the allogeneic immune response might be influenced by external factors such as tissues microenvironment or host microbiota. Here we used high throughput metabolomics to analyze two cohorts of genotypically HLA-identical related recipient and donor pairs. Metabolomic profiles markedly differ between recipients and donors. At the onset of acute GvHD, in addition to host-derived metabolites, we identify significant variation in microbiota-derived metabolites, especially in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, bile acids and plasmalogens. Altogether, our findings support that the allogeneic immune response during acute GvHD might be influenced by bile acids and by the decreased production of AhR ligands by microbiota that could limit indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase induction and influence allogeneic T cell reactivity. Graft versus host disease (GvHD) still hinders allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here, the authors use metabolomics to analyze two cohorts of paired transplant recipients and donors, identifying significant differences in both host- and microbiota-derived metabolites.
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Wang Z, Li M, Liu L, Geng B. Muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor subtypes play opposite roles in LPS-induced septic shock. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1108-1114. [PMID: 31634798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare pharmacologic effects of pirenzepine and AF-DX116, a selective competitive antagonist for M1 and M2 subtype muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs), respectively, with atropine, a non-selective competitive antagonist for mAChRs, on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish models of LPS-induced experimental endotoxemia. Mice were intraperitoneally injected 10 min prior to LPS injection with control (saline), atropine, pirenzepine and AF-DX116, respectively. Overall survival time was estimated using Kaplan-Meier plots. Inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was monitored at various intervals after LPS injection and individual reagent administration. Pathological alternations in lungs and liver were analyzed. RESULTS Pirenzepine and atropine pretreatment improved survival rate of LPS-induced septic shock; in contrast, AF-DX116 accelerated death from sepsis. Moreover, TNF-α plasma level was decreased in response to pirenzepine or atropine, whereas increased in response to AF-DX116. Pirenzepine and atropine relieved whereas AF-DX116 accelerated LPS-induced pulmonary and hepatic injury. Pirenzepine reduced proportion of M1 subtype of macrophages, while AF-DX116 promoted polarization of macrophages to M1 subtype. Pirenzepine pretreatment reduced while AF-DX116 enhanced expression of SOCS3 at mRNA level. CONCLUSIONS The administration of pirenzepine and atropine may have beneficial effects on septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the 9th Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijng, China.
| | - Mingyi Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the 9th Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijng, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the 9th Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijng, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijng, China
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Cerdó T, Diéguez E, Campoy C. Early nutrition and gut microbiome: interrelationship between bacterial metabolism, immune system, brain structure, and neurodevelopment. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E617-E630. [PMID: 31361544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00188.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances of diet during pregnancy and early postnatal life may impact colonization of gut microbiota during early life, which could influence infant health, leading to potential long-lasting consequences later in life. This is a nonsystematic review that explores the recent scientific literature to provide a general perspective of this broad topic. Several studies have shown that gut microbiota composition is related to changes in metabolism, energy balance, and immune system disturbances through interaction between microbiota metabolites and host receptors by the gut-brain axis. Moreover, recent clinical studies suggest that an intestinal dysbiosis in gut microbiota may result in cognitive disorders and behavioral problems. Furthermore, recent research in the field of brain imaging focused on the study of the relationship between gut microbial ecology and large-scale brain networks, which will help to decipher the influence of the microbiome on brain function and potentially will serve to identify multiple mediators of the gut-brain axis. Thus, knowledge about optimal nutrition by modulating gut microbiota-brain axis activity will allow a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the developing brain during critical windows. In addition, this knowledge will open new avenues for developing novel microbiota-modulating based diet interventions during pregnancy and early life to prevent metabolic disorders, as well as neurodevelopmental deficits and brain functional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cerdó
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- BioHealth Research Institute (Ibs-Granada), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Estefanía Diéguez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- BioHealth Research Institute (Ibs-Granada), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's node, Carlos III Health Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Brain, Behavior and Health Excellence Research Unit (SC2). University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Tsilioni I, Pipis H, Freitag MSC, Izquierdo MDC, Freitag K, Theoharides TC. Effects of an Extract of Salmon Milt on Symptoms and Serum TNF and Substance P in Patients With Fibromyalgia Syndrome. Clin Ther 2019; 41:1564-1574.e2. [PMID: 31303280 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a dietary supplement containing primarily an extract of salmon's milt (semen) on symptoms and blood levels of proinflammatory molecules in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), a chronic, painful musculoskeletal disease without a distinct pathogenesis or treatment. We recently reported increased serum levels of the proinflammatory molecules substance P (SP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in patients with FMS as compared to those in normal controls. METHODS This prospective, open-label study was conducted in patients with FMS (n = 87; 80 women, 7 men; age range, 18-80 years) selected from 2 clinical centers in Spain. Patients were administered the supplement and were evaluated at weeks 1 (before treatment), 4, 8, and 12 (end of treatment) for clinical parameters of functioning, fatigue, and pain, as well as overall impression. Patients were directed to take 1 capsule per day in the morning for the first 4 weeks, followed by 1 capsule in the morning and 1 capsule in the evening for the remaining 8 weeks. Differences in symptom scores in patients with FMS between weeks 1 and weeks 4, 8, and 12 were evaluated using ANOVA. Blood was obtained and serum separated in patients with FMS at 1 and 12 weeks and in a separate population of healthy controls (n = 20; 15 women, 5 men; age range, 25-65 years). Serum levels of SP and TNF were measured in patients with FMS at 1 and 12 weeks and in healthy controls by ELISA. TNF and SP levels in patients with FMS were compared between weeks 1 and 12, as well as between patients with FMS and untreated controls, using the Mann-Whitney U test. FINDINGS Clinical parameters of functioning, fatigue, and pain, as well as overall impression, were improved significantly at 4 weeks as compared to 1 week and remained unchanged for the duration of the study (all, P < 0.0001). Serum TNF and SP levels were significantly elevated at 1 week in patients with FMS compared to controls and were decreased significantly at 12 weeks as compared to 1 week (all, P < 0.0001). IMPLICATIONS Our findings indicate that this dietary supplement may significantly improve symptoms in patients with FMS. This is the first time to our knowledge that any molecule has been reported to be associated with a reduction in serum SP level. Consequently, the supplement or its hypothesized main active ingredient, spermine, may be developed as a novel treatment approach to FMS or other neuroinflammatory conditions. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03911882.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tsilioni
- Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Adak A, Khan MR. An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:473-493. [PMID: 30317530 PMCID: PMC11105460 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has evolved along with their hosts and is an integral part of the human body. Microbiota acquired at birth develops in parallel as the host develops and maintains its temporal stability and diversity through adulthood until death. Recent developments in genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics and culturomics have enabled researchers to explore the microbiota and in particular their functions at more detailed level than before. The accumulated evidences suggest that though a part of the microbiota is conserved, the dynamic members vary along the gastrointestinal tract, from infants to elderly, primitive tribes to modern societies and in different health conditions. Though the gut microbiota is dynamic, it performs some basic functions in the immunological, metabolic, structural and neurological landscapes of the human body. Gut microbiota also exerts significant influence on both physical and mental health of an individual. An in-depth understanding of the functioning of gut microbiota has led to some very exciting developments in therapeutics, such as prebiotics, probiotics, drugs and faecal transplantation leading to improved health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Adak
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India.
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Liu C, Shen H, Wang S, Cao X, Xu H, Xia Y, Bai T, Liu Y, Peng L, Li C, Guo Z, Li Z. Spermine increases bactericidal activity of silver-nanoparticles against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhou S, Gu J, Liu R, Wei S, Wang Q, Shen H, Dai Y, Zhou H, Zhang F, Lu L. Spermine Alleviates Acute Liver Injury by Inhibiting Liver-Resident Macrophage Pro-Inflammatory Response Through ATG5-Dependent Autophagy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:948. [PMID: 29770139 PMCID: PMC5940752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs) and autophagy play critical roles in the pathogenesis of toxin-induced liver injury. Recent evidence indicates that autophagy can regulate macrophage M1/M2 polarization under different inflammatory conditions. Polyamines, including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine (SPM), are polycations with anti-oxidative, anti-aging, and cell autophagy induction properties. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms by which SPM protects against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver injury in a mouse model. Pretreatment with SPM significantly alleviated liver injury and reduced intrahepatic inflammation in TAA-induced liver injury compared to controls. SPM markedly inhibited M1 polarization, but promoted M2 polarization of KCs obtained from TAA-exposed livers, as evidenced by decreased IL-1β and iNOS gene induction but increased Arg-1 and Mrc-1 gene induction accompanied by decreased STAT1 activation and increased STAT6 activation. Furthermore, pretreatment with SPM enhanced autophagy, as revealed by increased LC3B-II levels, decreased p62 protein expression, and increased ATG5 protein expression in TAA-treated KCs. Knockdown of ATG5 in SPM-pretreated KCs by siRNA resulted in a significant increase in pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6 secretion and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 secretion after TAA treatment, while no significant changes were observed in cytokine production in the TAA treatment alone. Additionally, the effect of SPM on regulation of KC M1/M2 polarization was abolished by ATG5 knockdown in TAA-exposed KCs. Finally, in vivo ATG5 knockdown in KCs abrogated the protective effect of SPM against TAA-induced acute liver injury. Our results indicate that SPM-mediated autophagy inhibits M1 polarization, while promoting M2 polarization of KCs in TAA-treated livers via upregulation of ATG5 expression, leading to attenuated liver injury. This study provides a novel target for the prevention of acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Wei
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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44
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Isa F, Collins S, Lee MH, Decome D, Dorvil N, Joseph P, Smith L, Salerno S, Wells MT, Fischer S, Bean JM, Pape JW, Johnson WD, Fitzgerald DW, Rhee KY. Mass Spectrometric Identification of Urinary Biomarkers of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:157-165. [PMID: 29752217 PMCID: PMC6013777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide. A major barrier to control of the pandemic is a lack of clinical biomarkers with the ability to distinguish active TB from healthy and sick controls and potential for development into point-of-care diagnostics. Methods We conducted a prospective case control study to identify candidate urine-based diagnostic biomarkers of active pulmonary TB (discovery cohort) and obtained a separate blinded “validation” cohort of confirmed cases of active pulmonary TB and controls with non-tuberculous pulmonary disease for validation. Clean-catch urine samples were collected and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography-coupled time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results We discovered ten molecules from the discovery cohort with receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) area-under-the-curve (AUC) values >85%. These 10 molecules also significantly decreased after 60 days of treatment in a subset of 20 participants followed over time. Of these, a specific combination of diacetylspermine, neopterin, sialic acid, and N-acetylhexosamine exhibited ROC AUCs >80% in a blinded validation cohort of participants with active TB and non-tuberculous pulmonary disease. Conclusion Urinary levels of diacetylspermine, neopterin, sialic acid, and N-acetylhexosamine distinguished patients with tuberculosis from healthy controls and patients with non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases, providing a potential noninvasive biosignature of active TB. Funding This study was funded by Weill Cornell Medicine, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Clinical and Translational Science Center at Weill Cornell, the NIH Fogarty International Center grants, and the NIH Tuberculosis Research Unit (Tri-I TBRU). Urinary levels of small metabolites appear capable of distinguishing cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis from sick and healthy controls. Levels of these biomarkers decrease after 60 days of treatment in a longitudinal cohort of 20 participants. - Many of the identified biomarkers are known inflammatory intermediates that may reflect a specific immune response to tuberculosis.
Urine tests are commonly used to enable non-invasive, rapid and point-of-care diagnosis of various infectious diseases. We identified diacetylspermine, neopterin, sialic acid and N-acetylhexosamine as potential urine-based biomarkers for tuberculosis from two independent patient cohorts. These metabolites are known inflammatory intermediates and appear to decrease with anti-tuberculosis therapy in a subset of participants followed over 2 months. If validated, these metabolites have potential to both improve our understanding of the immune reaction to active tuberculosis and facilitate the development of a much-needed clinical biomarker for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flonza Isa
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sean Collins
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Myung Hee Lee
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Diessy Decome
- Groupe Haitien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO), Port au Prince, Haiti
| | - Nancy Dorvil
- Groupe Haitien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO), Port au Prince, Haiti
| | - Patrice Joseph
- Groupe Haitien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO), Port au Prince, Haiti
| | | | - Stephen Salerno
- Department of Statistical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Martin T Wells
- Department of Statistical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - James M Bean
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jean W Pape
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Groupe Haitien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO), Port au Prince, Haiti
| | - Warren D Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Groupe Haitien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO), Port au Prince, Haiti
| | - Daniel W Fitzgerald
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Groupe Haitien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO), Port au Prince, Haiti
| | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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45
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Riwes M, Reddy P. Microbial metabolites and graft versus host disease. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:23-29. [PMID: 28742948 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The health of mammals is a reflection of the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota. Alterations in the composition and functions of the intestinal microbiota have been implicated in multiple disease processes. The impact of the microbiota in health and disease is in part a function of the nutrient processing and release of metabolites. Recent studies have uncovered a major role for microbial metabolites in the function of the host immune system by which they influence disease processes such as acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), which is the main complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The mechanisms of acute GVHD regulation by the complex microbial community and the metabolites released by them are unclear. In this review we summarize major findings of how microbial metabolites interact with the immune system and discuss how these interactions could impact acute GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Riwes
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Reddy
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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46
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Phanstiel O. An overview of polyamine metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1968-1976. [PMID: 29134652 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest major cancers, with a five year survival rate of less than 8%. With current therapies only giving rise to modest life extension, new approaches are desperately needed. Even though targeting polyamine metabolism is a proven anticancer strategy, there are no reports, which thoroughly survey the literature describing the role of polyamine biosynthesis and transport in PDAC. This review seeks to fill this void by describing what is currently known about polyamine metabolism in PDAC and identifies new targets and opportunities to treat this disease. Due to the pleiotropic effects that polyamines play in cells, this review covers diverse areas ranging from polyamine metabolism (biosynthesis, catabolism and transport), as well as the potential role of polyamines in desmoplasia, autophagy and immune privilege. Understanding these diverse roles provides the opportunity to design new therapies to treat this deadly cancer via polyamine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Phanstiel
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
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47
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Investigation of Polyamine Metabolism and Homeostasis in Pancreatic Cancers. Med Sci (Basel) 2017; 5:medsci5040032. [PMID: 29215586 PMCID: PMC5753661 DOI: 10.3390/medsci5040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancers are currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and new therapies are desperately needed. The most common pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This report describes the development of therapies, which effectively deplete PDAC cells of their required polyamine growth factors. Of all human tissues, the pancreas has the highest level of the native polyamine spermidine. To sustain their high growth rates, PDACs have altered polyamine metabolism, which is reflected in their high intracellular polyamine levels and their upregulated import of exogenous polyamines. To understand how these cancers respond to interventions that target their specific polyamine pools, L3.6pl human pancreatic cancer cells were challenged with specific inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. We found that pancreatic cell lines have excess polyamine pools, which they rebalance to address deficiencies induced by inhibitors of specific steps in polyamine biosynthesis (e.g., ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), spermidine synthase (SRM), and spermine synthase (SMS)). We also discovered that combination therapies targeting ODC, SMS, and polyamine import were the most effective in reducing intracellular polyamine pools and reducing PDAC cell growth. A combination therapy containing difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, an ODC inhibitor) and a polyamine transport inhibitor (PTI) were shown to significantly deplete intracellular polyamine pools. The additional presence of an SMS inhibitor as low as 100 nM was sufficient to further potentiate the DFMO + PTI treatment.
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48
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Alexander ET, Minton A, Peters MC, Phanstiel O, Gilmour SK. A novel polyamine blockade therapy activates an anti-tumor immune response. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84140-84152. [PMID: 29137411 PMCID: PMC5663583 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Most tumors maintain elevated levels of polyamines to support their growth and survival. This study explores the anti-tumor effect of polyamine starvation via both inhibiting polyamine biosynthesis and blocking the upregulated import of polyamines into the tumor. We demonstrate that polyamine blockade therapy (PBT) co-treatment with both DFMO and a novel polyamine transport inhibitor, Trimer PTI, significantly inhibits tumor growth more than treatment with DFMO or the Trimer PTI alone. The anti-tumor effect of PBT was lost in mice where CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were antibody depleted, implying that PBT stimulates an anti-tumor immune effect that is T-cell dependent. The PBT anti-tumor effect was accompanied by an increase in granzyme B+, IFN-γ+ CD8+ T-cells and a decrease in immunosuppressive tumor infiltrating cells including Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), CD4+CD25+ Tregs, and CD206+F4/80+ M2 macrophages. Stimulation with tumor-specific peptides elicited elevated antigen-specific IFN-γ secretion in splenocytes from PBT-treated mice, indicating that PBT treatment stimulates the activation of T-cells in a tumor-specific manner. These data show that combined treatment with both DFMO and the Trimer PTI not only deprives polyamine-addicted tumor cells of polyamines, but also relieves polyamine-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, thus allowing the activation of tumoricidal T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Alexander
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Allyson Minton
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Molly C Peters
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Otto Phanstiel
- University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Research Annex, Orlando, FL 32826-3227, USA
| | - Susan K Gilmour
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
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49
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Hussain T, Tan B, Ren W, Rahu N, Dad R, Kalhoro DH, Yin Y. Polyamines: therapeutic perspectives in oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1457-1468. [PMID: 28733904 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are naturally occurring aliphatic compounds, particularly essential elements for biological functions. These compounds play a central role in regulating molecular pathways which are responsible for cellular proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Importantly, excessive polyamine catabolism can lead to a prominent source of oxidative stress which increases inflammatory response and thought to be involved in several diseases including stroke, renal failure, neurological disease, liver disease, and even cancer. Moreover, polyamine supplementation increases life span in model organisms and may encounter oxidative stress via exerting its potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The revealed literature indicates that an emerging role of polyamine biosynthetic pathway could be a novel target for drug development against inflammatory diseases. In this review, we expand the knowledge on the metabolism of polyamines, and its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities which might have future implications against inflammatory diseases in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bie Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenkai Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China
| | - Najma Rahu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70050, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Dad
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70050, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
The microbiota - the collection of microorganisms that live within and on all mammals - provides crucial signals for the development and function of the immune system. Increased availability of technologies that profile microbial communities is facilitating the entry of many immunologists into the evolving field of host-microbiota studies. The microbial communities, their metabolites and components are not only necessary for immune homeostasis, they also influence the susceptibility of the host to many immune-mediated diseases and disorders. In this Review, we discuss technological and computational approaches for investigating the microbiome, as well as recent advances in our understanding of host immunity and microbial mutualism with a focus on specific microbial metabolites, bacterial components and the immune system.
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