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Ma K, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou L, Li M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: bridging inflammation and obesity-associated adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381227. [PMID: 38638434 PMCID: PMC11024263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a significant global health challenge, increasing the susceptibility to chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Within the context of obesity, lipid metabolism, adipose tissue formation, and inflammation are intricately linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ERS modulates metabolism, insulin signaling, inflammation, as well as cell proliferation and death through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Serving as a crucial nexus, ERS bridges the functionality of adipose tissue and the inflammatory response. In this review, we comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms by which ERS impacts adipose tissue function and inflammation in obesity, aiming to offer insights into targeting ERS for ameliorating metabolic dysregulation in obesity-associated chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Min Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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An F, Chang W, Song J, Zhang J, Li Z, Gao P, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Yan C. Reprogramming of glucose metabolism: Metabolic alterations in the progression of osteosarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2024; 44:100521. [PMID: 38288377 PMCID: PMC10823108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2024.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an adaptive response of tumour cells under hypoxia and low nutrition conditions. There is increasing evidence that glucose metabolism reprogramming can regulate the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS). Reprogramming in the progress of OS can bring opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment of OS. Previous research mainly focused on the glycolytic pathway of glucose metabolism, often neglecting the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. However, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway of glucose metabolism are also involved in the progression of OS and are closely related to this disease. The research on glucose metabolism in OS has not yet been summarized. In this review, we discuss the abnormal expression of key molecules related to glucose metabolism in OS and summarize the glucose metabolism related signaling pathways involved in the occurrence and development of OS. In addition, we discuss some of the targeted drugs that regulate glucose metabolism pathways, which can lead to effective strategies for targeted treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Weirong Chang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jiayi Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhonghong Li
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Tradional Chinese and Werstern Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhipan Xiao
- School of Tradional Chinese and Werstern Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Yan
- School of Tradional Chinese and Werstern Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
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Xiang H, Jia X, Duan X, Xu Q, Zhang R, He Y, Yang Z. Q-switched 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser restores skin photoageing by activating autophagy by TGFβ1 and ITGB1. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15006. [PMID: 38284200 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Excessive ultraviolet B ray (UVB) exposure to sunlight results in skin photoageing. Our previous research showed that a Q-switched 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser can alleviate skin barrier damage through miR-24-3p. However, the role of autophagy in the laser treatment of skin photoageing is still unclear. This study aims to investigate whether autophagy is involved in the mechanism of Q-switched 1064 nm Nd: YAG in the treatment of skin ageing. In vitro, primary human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells were irradiated with different doses of UVB to establish a cell model of skin photoageing. In vivo, SKH-1 hairless mice were irradiated with UVB to establish a skin photoageing mouse model and irradiated with laser. The oxidative stress and autophagy levels were detected by western blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometer. String was used to predict the interaction protein of TGF-β1, and CO-IP and GST-pull down were used to detect the binding relationship between TGFβ1 and ITGB1. In vitro, UVB irradiation reduced HDF cell viability, arrested cell cycle, induced cell senescence and oxidative stress compared with the control group. Laser treatment reversed cell viability, senescence and oxidative stress induced by UVB irradiation and activated autophagy. Autophagy agonists or inhibitors can enhance or attenuate the changes induced by laser treatment, respectively. In vivo, UVB irradiation caused hyperkeratosis, dermis destruction, collagen fibres reduction, increased cellular senescence and activation of oxidative stress in hairless mice. Laser treatment thinned the stratum corneum of skin tissue, increased collagen synthesis and autophagy in the dermis, and decreased the level of oxidative stress. Autophagy agonist rapamycin and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) can enhance or attenuate the effects of laser treatment on the skin, respectively. Also, we identified a direct interaction between TGFB1 and ITGB1 and participated in laser irradiation-activated autophagy, thereby inhibiting UVB-mediated oxidative stress further reducing skin ageing. Q-switched 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser treatment inhibited UVB-induced oxidative stress and restored skin photoageing by activating autophagy, and TGFβ1 and ITGB1 directly incorporated and participated in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaorong Jia
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxia Duan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunting He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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4
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Goyal G, Kalonia H, Lather V. Therapeutic Potential of Catechin as an IKK-β Inhibitor for the Management of Arthritis: In vitro and In vivo Approach. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:172-179. [PMID: 38235046 PMCID: PMC10790745 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_280_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased levels of cytokines, for instance, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), which exhibit potent pro-inflammatory effects and are contributing factors to disease progression. A range of cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and enzymes that are implicated in the debilitating effects of RA are transcribed by nuclear factor kappa. Objectives The purpose of this research was to characterize the efficacy of "catechin" as an IkappaB kinase-beta (IKK-β) inhibitor in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in mice, as IKK-β is crucial in the transmission of signal-inducible NF-κβ activation. Methods Arthritis was brought on in Bagg and Albino, but it is written BALB/c (BALB/c) male mice through subcutaneous immunization with bovine type II collagen on days 0 and 21. Catechin is given orally every day after the onset of the disease. Clinical evaluation of the prevalence and severity of the condition was done throughout the trial, and biochemical testing was done at the end (day 42). Results In vitro findings of the study demonstrated catechin as a potent inhibitor of IKK-β with Half maximal Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) values of 2.90 μM and 4.358 μM in IKK-β and NF-κβ transactivation activity assay, respectively. Furthermore, catechin (dose range of 10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) was effective in reducing disease incidence and clinical signs in a dose-dependent manner, with an Effective Dose for 50% of the population (ED50) value of 79.579 mg/kg. The findings of this study demonstrate dose-dependent efficacy in terms of both disease severity (clinical scoring) and inflammatory markers (biochemical evaluation of the serum and joints). Conclusions IKK inhibitors are a prospective target for the creation of new therapeutics for arthritis and other inflammatory diseases because it has been suggested that this enzyme is crucial in the pathophysiology of RA. The finding of this study suggests that "catechin" represents a novel inhibitor of IKK-β with promising anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Goyal
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harikesh Kalonia
- Wockhardt Research Centre, Wockhardt Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd., Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viney Lather
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Meng F, Zhou Y, Wagner A, Bülow JM, Köhler K, Neunaber C, Bundkirchen K, Relja B. Impact of age on liver damage, inflammation, and molecular signaling pathways in response to femoral fracture and hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239145. [PMID: 37691959 PMCID: PMC10484338 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trauma causes disability and mortality globally, leading to fractures and hemorrhagic shock. This can trigger an irregular inflammatory response that damages remote organs, including liver. Aging increases the susceptibility to dysregulated immune responses following trauma, raising the risk of organ damage, infections, and higher morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. This study investigates how aging affects liver inflammation and damage post-trauma. Methods 24 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups. Twelve young (17-26 weeks) and 12 aged (64-72 weeks) mice were included. Mice further underwent either hemorrhagic shock (trauma/hemorrhage, TH), and femoral fracture (osteotomy) with external fixation (Fx) (THFx, n=6) or sham procedures (n=6). After 24 hours, mice were sacrificed. Liver injury and apoptosis were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining and activated caspase-3 immunostaining. CXCL1 and infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in the liver were assessed by immunostaining, and concentrations of CXCL1, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the liver tissue were determined by ELISA. Gene expression of Tnf, Cxcl1, Il-1β, and Cxcl2 in the liver tissue was determined by qRT-PCR. Finally, western blot was used to determine protein expression levels of IκBα, Akt, and their phosphorylated forms. Results THFx caused liver damage and increased presence of active caspase-3-positive cells compared to the corresponding sham group. THFx aged group had more severe liver injury than the young group. CXCL1 and PMNL levels were significantly higher in both aged groups, and THFx caused a greater increase in CXCL and PMNL levels in aged compared to the young group. Pro-inflammatory TNF and IL-1β levels were elevated in aged groups, further intensified by THFx. Anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels were lower in aged groups. Tnf and Cxcl1 gene expression was enhanced in the aged sham group. Phosphorylation ratio of IκBα was significantly increased in the aged sham group versus young sham group. THFx-induced IκBα phosphorylation in the young group was significantly reduced in the aged THFx group. Akt phosphorylation was significantly reduced in the THFx aged group compared to the THFx young group. Conclusion The findings indicate that aging may lead to increased vulnerability to liver injury and inflammation following trauma due to dysregulated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanshuai Meng
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yuzhuo Zhou
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessa Wagner
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Maria Bülow
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kernt Köhler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia Neunaber
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Bundkirchen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Kumar P, Mathew S, Gamage R, Bodkin F, Doyle K, Rossetti I, Wagnon I, Zhou X, Raju R, Gyengesi E, Münch G. From the Bush to the Brain: Preclinical Stages of Ethnobotanical Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Drug Discovery-An Australian Example. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11086. [PMID: 37446262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Australian rainforest is a rich source of medicinal plants that have evolved in the face of dramatic environmental challenges over a million years due to its prolonged geographical isolation from other continents. The rainforest consists of an inherent richness of plant secondary metabolites that are the most intense in the rainforest. The search for more potent and more bioavailable compounds from other plant sources is ongoing, and our short review will outline the pathways from the discovery of bioactive plants to the structural identification of active compounds, testing for potency, and then neuroprotection in a triculture system, and finally, the validation in an appropriate neuro-inflammatory mouse model, using some examples from our current research. We will focus on neuroinflammation as a potential treatment target for neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) for these plant-derived, anti-inflammatory molecules and highlight cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs) as a better alternative to conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payaal Kumar
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Shintu Mathew
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Rashmi Gamage
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Frances Bodkin
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Kerrie Doyle
- Indigenous Health Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ingrid Wagnon
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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Patel NM, Collotta D, Aimaretti E, Ferreira Alves G, Kröller S, Coldewey SM, Collino M, Thiemermann C. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Pathway With Baricitinib Reduces the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Caused by Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e137-e146. [PMID: 35837955 PMCID: PMC10249600 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate (a) the effects of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway inhibitor (baricitinib) on the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock (HS) and (b) whether treatment with baricitinib attenuates the activation of JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and NLRP3 caused by HS. BACKGROUND Posttraumatic MODS, which is in part due to excessive systemic inflammation, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The JAK/STAT pathway is a regulator of numerous growth factor and cytokine receptors and, hence, is considered a potential master regulator of many inflammatory signaling processes. However, its role in trauma-hemorrhage is unknown. METHODS An acute HS rat model was performed to determine the effect of baricitinib on MODS. The activation of JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and NLRP3 pathways were analyzed by western blotting in the kidney and liver. RESULTS We demonstrate here for the first time that treatment with baricitinib (during resuscitation following severe hemorrhage) attenuates the organ injury and dysfunction and the activation of JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and NLRP3 pathways caused by HS in the rat. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to a role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the pathophysiology of the organ injury and dysfunction caused by trauma/hemorrhage and indicate that JAK inhibitors, such as baricitinib, may be repurposed for the treatment of the MODS after trauma and/or hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita M. Patel
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini,” University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aimaretti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Sarah Kröller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini,” University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Activity Attenuates Hemorrhagic Shock-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Rats. Ann Surg 2023; 277:e624-e633. [PMID: 35129479 PMCID: PMC9891276 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate (a) the potential of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors acalabrutinib and fenebrutinib to reduce multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in acute (short-term and long-term follow-up) hemorrhagic shock (HS) rat models and (b) whether treatment with either acalabrutinib or fenebrutinib attenuates BTK, NF-κB and NLRP3 activation in HS. BACKGROUND The MODS caused by an excessive systemic inflammatory response following trauma is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The protein BTK is known to play a role in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is a key component of the innate inflammatory response. However, its role in trauma-hemorrhage is unknown. METHODS Acute HS rat models were performed to determine the influence of acalabrutinib or fenebrutinib on MODS. The activation of BTK, NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways were analyzed by western blot in the kidney. RESULTS We demonstrated that (a) HS caused organ injury and/or dysfunction and hypotension (post-resuscitation) in rats, while (b) treatment of HS-rats with either acalabrutinib or fenebrutinib attenuated the organ injury and dysfunction in acute HS models and (c) reduced the activation of BTK, NF- kB and NLRP3 pathways in the kidney. CONCLUSION Our results point to a role of BTK in the pathophysiology of organ injury and dysfunction caused by trauma/hemorrhage and indicate that BTK inhibitors may be repurposed as a potential therapeutic approach for MODS after trauma and/or hemorrhage.
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Parisi M, Verrillo M, Luciano MA, Caiazzo G, Quaranta M, Scognamiglio F, Di Meo V, Villani A, Cantelli M, Gallo L, Altobelli GG, Poggi S, Spaccini R, Fabbrocini G. Use of Natural Agents and Agrifood Wastes for the Treatment of Skin Photoaging. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040840. [PMID: 36840187 PMCID: PMC9966275 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoaging is the premature aging of the skin caused by repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. The harmful effects of UV rays-from the sun or from artificial sources-alter normal skin structures and cause visible damage, especially in the most exposed areas. Fighting premature aging is one of the most important challenges of the medical landscape. Additionally, consumers are looking for care products that offer multiple benefits with reduced environmental and economic impact. The growing requests for bioactive compounds from aromatic plants for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications have to find new sustainable methods to increase the effectiveness of new active formulations derived from eco-compatible technologies. The principle of sustainable practices and the circular economy favor the use of bioactive components derived from recycled biomass. The guidelines of the European Commission support the reuse of various types of organic biomass and organic waste, thus transforming waste management problems into economic opportunities. This review aims to elucidate the main mechanisms of photoaging and how these can be managed using natural renewable sources and specific bioactive derivatives, such as humic extracts from recycled organic biomass, as potential new actors in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Parisi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Verrillo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Luciano
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Quaranta
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Scognamiglio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Meo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Alessia Villani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cantelli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Gallo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna G. Altobelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Poggi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spaccini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Farris PK, Valacchi G. Ultraviolet Light Protection: Is It Really Enough? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1484. [PMID: 36009203 PMCID: PMC9405175 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of skin aging includes the role of ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared, pollution, cigarette smoke and other environmental exposures. The mechanism of action common to these exposures is the disruption of the cellular redox balance by the directly or indirectly increased formation of reactive oxygen species that overwhelm the intrinsic antioxidant defense system, resulting in an oxidative stress condition. Altered redox homeostasis triggers downstream pathways that contribute to tissue oxinflammation (cross-talk between inflammation and altered redox status) and accelerate skin aging. In addition, both ultraviolet light and pollution increase intracellular free iron that catalyzes reactive oxygen species generation via the Fenton reaction. This disruption of iron homeostasis within the cell further promotes oxidative stress and contributes to extrinsic skin aging. More recent studies have demonstrated that iron chelators can be used topically and can enhance the benefits of topically applied antioxidants. Thus, an updated, more comprehensive approach to environmental or atmospheric aging protection should include sun protective measures, broad spectrum sunscreens, antioxidants, chelating agents, and DNA repair enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Farris
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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11
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Antioxidant Systems, lncRNAs, and Tunneling Nanotubes in Cell Death Rescue from Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152277. [PMID: 35892574 PMCID: PMC9330437 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a rich source of carcinogens and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage macromolecules including DNA. Repair systems can restore DNA integrity. Depending on the duration or intensity of stress signals, cells may utilize various survival and adaptive mechanisms. ROS levels are kept in check through redundant detoxification processes controlled largely by antioxidant systems. This review covers and expands on the mechanisms available to cigarette smoke-exposed cancer cells for restoring the redox balance. These include multiple layers of transcriptional control, each of which is posited to be activated upon reaching a particular stress threshold, among them the NRF2 pathway, the AP-1 and NF-kB pathways, and, finally, TP53, which triggers apoptosis if extreme toxicity is reached. The review also discusses long noncoding RNAs, which have been implicated recently in regulating oxidative stress—with roles in ROS detoxification, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Lastly, the emerging roles of tunneling nanotubes in providing additional mechanisms for metabolic rescue and the regulation of redox imbalance are considered, further highlighting the expanded redox reset arsenal available to cells.
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12
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Gul S, Cicek D, Sahin K, Ozercan IH, Orhan C, Demir B, Er B. Effect of boron element on photoaging in rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 230:112440. [PMID: 35397304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study further assessed the effects of oral and topical applications of boron, which is known to have antiinflammatory and wound healing effects, on photoaging. METHODS A total of 49 eight-week-old female Wistar albino rats randomly divided into seven groups (control, shaved control, shaved+UVB, topical dermabor 2% (D2), and %5 (D5), systemic sodium perborate tetrahydrate (SPT) 2% (SPT2) and 4% (SPT4). To induce an experimental photoaging, the rats were exposed to UVB at an emission spectrum of 290-320 nm. Biochemical, molecular, skin, histological, and collagen content analyzes were made at the end of the study. RESULTS Increased skin inflammatory parameters (COX-2, IL-8, NF-KB, IL-6, and TNF-α) levels in UVB-exposed groups were inhibited in all treatment groups. The tissue level of hydroxyproline and elastase was found to decrease in all UVB-exposed group. The level of hydroxyproline was significantly higher in the D2 and D5 groups than in the SPT2 and SPT4 groups. The level of elastase was significantly lower in the D2 and D5 groups than in the SPT2 and SPT4 groups. CONCLUSIONS In future, boron may be developed as a functionally protective treatment against photoaging caused by UVB, and may be included in sun protection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Gul
- Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Clinics of Dermatology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Demet Cicek
- Firat University Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Firat University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Cemal Orhan
- Firat University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Betul Demir
- Firat University Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Besir Er
- Firat University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Elazig, Turkey
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13
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Patel NM, Yamada N, Oliveira FRMB, Stiehler L, Zechendorf E, Hinkelmann D, Kraemer S, Stoppe C, Collino M, Collotta D, Alves GF, Ramos HP, Sordi R, Marzi I, Relja B, Marx G, Martin L, Thiemermann C. Inhibition of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Activity Attenuates Haemorrhagic Shock-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Rats. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886421. [PMID: 35464452 PMCID: PMC9019168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate (a) macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in polytrauma patients and rats after haemorrhagic shock (HS), (b) the potential of the MIF inhibitor ISO-1 to reduce multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in acute (short-term and long-term follow-up) HS rat models and (c) whether treatment with ISO-1 attenuates NF-κB and NLRP3 activation in HS. Background The MODS caused by an excessive systemic inflammatory response following trauma is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. MIF is a pleiotropic cytokine which can modulate the inflammatory response, however, its role in trauma is unknown. Methods The MIF levels in plasma of polytrauma patients and serum of rats with HS were measured by ELISA. Acute HS rat models were performed to determine the influence of ISO-1 on MODS. The activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways were analysed by western blot in the kidney and liver. Results We demonstrated that (a) MIF levels are increased in polytrauma patients on arrival to the emergency room and in rats after HS, (b) HS caused organ injury and/or dysfunction and hypotension (post-resuscitation) in rats, while (c) treatment of HS-rats with ISO-1 attenuated the organ injury and dysfunction in acute HS models and (d) reduced the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways in the kidney and liver. Conclusion Our results point to a role of MIF in the pathophysiology of trauma-induced organ injury and dysfunction and indicate that MIF inhibitors may be used as a potential therapeutic approach for MODS after trauma and/or haemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita M Patel
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noriaki Yamada
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine Gifu University Hospital Advanced Critical Care Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Filipe R M B Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Lara Stiehler
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Zechendorf
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hinkelmann
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Kraemer
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Hanna Pillmann Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Regina Sordi
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Martin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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ERβ and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:213-225. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Baranova J, Dragunas G, Botellho MCS, Ayub ALP, Bueno-Alves R, Alencar RR, Papaiz DD, Sogayar MC, Ulrich H, Correa RG. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Signaling Pathways and Prospective Therapeutic Targets. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:619-649. [PMID: 32468442 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) consists of a prevalent and heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental diseases representing a severe burden to affected individuals and their caretakers. Despite substantial improvement towards understanding of ASD etiology and pathogenesis, as well as increased social awareness and more intensive research, no effective drugs have been successfully developed to resolve the main and most cumbersome ASD symptoms. Hence, finding better treatments, which may act as "disease-modifying" agents, and novel biomarkers for earlier ASD diagnosis and disease stage determination are needed. Diverse mutations of core components and consequent malfunctions of several cell signaling pathways have already been found in ASD by a series of experimental platforms, including genetic associations analyses and studies utilizing pre-clinical animal models and patient samples. These signaling cascades govern a broad range of neurological features such as neuronal development, neurotransmission, metabolism, and homeostasis, as well as immune regulation and inflammation. Here, we review the current knowledge on signaling pathways which are commonly disrupted in ASD and autism-related conditions. As such, we further propose ways to translate these findings into the development of genetic and biochemical clinical tests for early autism detection. Moreover, we highlight some putative druggable targets along these pathways, which, upon further research efforts, may evolve into novel therapeutic interventions for certain ASD conditions. Lastly, we also refer to the crosstalk among these major signaling cascades as well as their putative implications in therapeutics. Based on this collective information, we believe that a timely and accurate modulation of these prominent pathways may shape the neurodevelopment and neuro-immune regulation of homeostatic patterns and, hopefully, rescue some (if not all) ASD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Baranova
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dragunas
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mayara C S Botellho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa P Ayub
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Bueno-Alves
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rebeca R Alencar
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Debora D Papaiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Mari C Sogayar
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Pangaré 100 (Edifício NUCEL), Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05360-130, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo G Correa
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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16
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Ding M, Lian D, Zhang L, Jiang T, Wang W. I κB Kinase Inhibitor VII Modulates Sepsis-Induced Excessive Inflammation and Cardiac Dysfunction in 5/6 Nephrectomized Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:4251682. [PMID: 32963493 PMCID: PMC7501549 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4251682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease condition requires regular dialysis; the patients have greater risk of sepsis and have high mortality rate compared to general people with sepsis. The adverse cardiac condition leads to mortality in subjects with sepsis. In the present work, we studied the consequences of chronic kidney damage by 5/6 nephrectomy on cardiac function in mice induced with sepsis and the mechanism involved. METHODS We used C57BL/6 mice and subjected them to 5/6 nephrectomy; after induction of chronic kidney damage, they were subjected to sepsis by either LPS treatment or by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method. The cardiac function test was done by echocardiography. Protein expression was done by western blot analysis. RESULTS The 5/6 nephrectomized mice showed significant increase in blood creatinine and urea levels compared to sham-operated mice; the mice also showed decreased ejection fraction and increased levels of phosphorylated IkBα and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). When subjected to CLP and LPS treatment, the 5/6 nephrectomized mice augmented cardiac abnormalities and lung inflammation and increased plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-12, and IL-18. Also, we evidenced increased levels of p-IKKα/β and Ikβα, NF-κβ, and iNOS. Treatment of IKK inhibitor VII in 5/6 nephrectomized mice after LPS administration or CLP attenuated these effects. CONCLUSION Chronic kidney disease could lead to abnormal cardiac function caused by sepsis in mice; this may be due to increased expression of NF-κβ and iNOS in cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, 130033, China
| | - Dede Lian
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Tiechao Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, 130033, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
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17
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Chen J, Purvis GSD, Collotta D, Al Zoubi S, Sugimoto MA, Cacace A, Martin L, Colas RA, Collino M, Dalli J, Thiemermann C. RvE1 Attenuates Polymicrobial Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Enhances Bacterial Clearance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2080. [PMID: 32983159 PMCID: PMC7492649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cardiac dysfunction caused by microbial infection predicts high mortality in sepsis patients. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) mediate resolution of inflammation in many inflammatory diseases, and are differentially expressed in plasma of sepsis patients. Here, we investigated whether the levels of SPMs are altered in the murine septic heart following polymicrobial sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Ten weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), which is a clinically relevant sepsis model receiving analgesics, antibiotics, and fluid resuscitation. CLP caused a significant systolic dysfunction assessed by echocardiography. The hearts were subjected to LC-MS/MS based lipid mediator profiling. Many SPMs were significantly reduced in septic hearts, among which RvE1 had a ~93-fold reduction. Treatment of CLP mice with synthetic RvE1 (1 μg/mouse i.v.) at 1 h after CLP increased peritoneal macrophages number, particularly MHC II- macrophages. RvE1 reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and CCL2) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro. RvE1 attenuated cardiac dysfunction in septic mice and increased cardiac phosphorylated Akt; decreased cardiac phosphorylated IκB kinase α/β, nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-Jun amino-terminal kinases 1/2. Most notably, RvE1 treatment reduced peritoneal bacterial load and promoted phagocytosis activity of BMDMs. In conclusion, cardiac SPMs, particularly RvE1, are substantially reduced in mice with polymicrobial sepsis. Delayed therapeutic administration of RvE1 to mice with polymicrobial sepsis attenuates the cardiac dysfunction through modulating immuno-inflammatory responses. In addition to the above effects, the ability to enhance bacterial clearance makes RvE1 an ideal therapeutic to reduce the sequalae of polymicrobial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth S D Purvis
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sura Al Zoubi
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Michelle A Sugimoto
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonino Cacace
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Diabetes Complication Research Centre, School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lukas Martin
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman A Colas
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Li H, Wu X, Chen T, Jiang X, Ren C. Molecular characterization, inducible expression and functional analysis of an IKKβ from the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:622-632. [PMID: 32585358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK) is a critical regulator for the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. In this study, an IKKβ named as HLIKKβ was identified from the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. The full-length cDNA of HLIKKβ is 4246 bp in size, containing a 132 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 1783 bp 3'-UTR and a 2331 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 776 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 89.66 kDa. HLIKKβ contains a kinase domain (KD) at its N-terminal, a leucine zipper (LZ) and a helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif at its C-terminal. In the KD, a conserved active loop (SXXXS) were identified. The results of luciferase reporter assay and ELISA assay showed that over-expressed HLIKKβ in HEK293T cells could activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and induce the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. When HLIKKβ was silenced by siRNA, the apoptosis rate of sea cucumber coelomocytes was increased significantly, indicating the anti-apoptotic function of HLIKKβ. Moreover, the up-regulation of HLIKKβ mRNA was observed in the sea cucumber coelomocytes after polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [Poly (I:C)] or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) challenge, suggesting that the HLIKKβ might play important roles in the innate immune defense of sea cucumber against the viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Li
- Guangzhou University, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China.
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China.
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China.
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19
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Hases L, Indukuri R, Birgersson M, Nguyen-Vu T, Lozano R, Saxena A, Hartman J, Frasor J, Gustafsson JÅ, Katajisto P, Archer A, Williams C. Intestinal estrogen receptor beta suppresses colon inflammation and tumorigenesis in both sexes. Cancer Lett 2020; 492:54-62. [PMID: 32711097 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen hormones protect against colorectal cancer (CRC) and a preventative role of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) on CRC has been supported using full knockout animals. However, it is unclear through which cells or organ ERβ mediates this effect. To investigate the functional role of intestinal ERβ during colitis-associated CRC we used intestine-specific ERβ knockout mice treated with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate, followed by ex vivo organoid culture to corroborate intrinsic effects. We explored genome-wide impact on TNFα signaling using human CRC cell lines and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to mechanistically characterize the regulation of ERβ. Increased tumor formation in males and tumor size in females was noted upon intestine-specific ERβ knockout, accompanied by enhanced local expression of TNFα, deregulation of key NFκB targets, and increased colon ulceration. Unexpectedly, we noted especially strong effects in males. We corroborated that intestinal ERβ protects against TNFα-induced damage intrinsically, and characterized an underlying genome-wide signaling mechanism in CRC cell lines whereby ERβ binds to cis-regulatory chromatin areas of key NFκB regulators. Our results support a protective role of intestinal ERβ against colitis-associated CRC, proposing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Hases
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rajitha Indukuri
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Birgersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Trang Nguyen-Vu
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Rodrigo Lozano
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ashish Saxena
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Södersjukhuset, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonna Frasor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Amena Archer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Solna, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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20
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Therapeutic effects of IkB kinase inhibitor during systemic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106509. [PMID: 32335479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of inflammatory diseases support the idea that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation plays a pathophysiological role and is widely implicated in multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). Indeed, the inhibition of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, involved in the NF-κB pathway, can represent a promising approach to prevent MOD. The present work employed a rat model of systemic inflammation to investigate the preventive effects of Inhibitor of IKK complex (IKK16). In male Wistar rats, systemic inflammation was induced by a tail vein injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS challenge; 12 mg/kg). Treatment with IKK16 (1 mg/kg body weight) was administered, by tail vein, 15 min post-LPS. Age- and sex-matched healthy rats and LPS rats without treatment were used as controls. At 24 h post-IKK16 treatment, serum enzyme levels indicative of liver, kidney, pancreas and muscle function were evaluated by biochemical analysis, and RT-PCR technique was used to analyze gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hemodynamic parameters were also considered to assess the LPS-induced inflammation. IKK16 treatment yielded a strong therapeutic effect in preventing LPS-induced elevation of serological enzyme levels, attenuating hepatic, renal, pancreatic and muscular dysfunction after LPS challenge. Moreover, as expected, LPS promoted a significantly overexpression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the heart, kidney, and liver; which was diminished by IKK16 treatment. The present study provides convincing evidence that selective inhibition of the IκB kinase complex through the action of IKK16, plays a protective role against LPS-induced multiple organ dysfunction by reducing the acute inflammatory response induced by endotoxin exposure.
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Zhang J, Zhao R, Yu C, Bryant CLN, Wu K, Liu Z, Ding Y, Zhao Y, Xue B, Pan ZQ, Li C, Huang L, Fang L. IKK-Mediated Regulation of the COP9 Signalosome via Phosphorylation of CSN5. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1119-1130. [PMID: 31950832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit protein complex, which controls protein degradation through deneddylation and inactivation of cullin-RING ubiquitin E3 ligases (CRLs). Recently, the CSN complex has been linked to the NF-κB signaling pathway due to its association with the IKK complex. However, how the CSN complex is regulated in this signaling pathway remains unclear. Here, we have carried out biochemical experiments and confirmed the interaction between the CSN and IKK complexes. In addition, we have determined that overexpression of IKKα or IKKβ leads to enhanced phosphorylation of CSN5, the catalytic subunit for CSN deneddylase activity. Mutational analyses have revealed that phosphorylation at serine 201 and threonine 205 of CSN5 impairs CSN-mediated deneddylation activity in vitro. Interestingly, TNF-α treatment not only enhances the interaction between CSN and IKK but also induces an IKK-dependent phosphorylation of CSN5 at serine 201, linking CSN to TNF-α signaling through IKK. Moreover, TNF-α treatment affects the CSN interaction network globally, especially the associations of CSN with the proteasome complex, eukaryotic translation initiation factor complex, and CRL components. Collectively, our results provide new insights into IKK-mediated regulation of CSN associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzi Zhang
- Medical School and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Medical School and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Clinton Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, Unites States
| | - Christine L N Bryant
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, Unites States
| | - Kenneth Wu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Zhihong Liu
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yibing Ding
- Medical School and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Medical School and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Medical School and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chaojun Li
- Medical School and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, Unites States
| | - Lei Fang
- Medical School and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Bhardwaj R, Singh BP, Sandhu N, Singh N, Kaur R, Rokana N, Singh KS, Chaudhary V, Panwar H. Probiotic mediated NF-κB regulation for prospective management of type 2 diabetes. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2301-2313. [PMID: 31919753 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and other lifestyle disorders have been recognized as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a major factor involved in the early pathobiology of diabetes and studies reveal that hyperglycemic conditions in body leads to NF-κB mediated activation of several cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory molecules. NF-κB family comprises of certain DNA-binding protein factors that elicit the transcription of pro-inflammatory molecules. Various studies have identified NF-κB as a promising target for diabetic management. Probiotics have been proposed as bio-therapeutic agents for treatment of inflammatory disorders and many other chronic clinical stages. The precise mechanisms by which probiotics acts is yet to be fully understood, however research findings have indicated their role in NF-κB modulation. The current review highlights NF-κB as a bio-therapeutic target for probable management of type 2 diabetes through probiotic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Bhardwaj
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Brij Pal Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Nitika Sandhu
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Niharika Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | | | | | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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Yim S, Lee YH, Choi YJ, Kim WS. Split-face comparison of the picosecond 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser using a microlens array and the quasi-long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser for treatment of photoaging facial wrinkles and pores in Asians. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:949-956. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Novel Synthetic, Host-defense Peptide Protects Against Organ Injury/Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Severe Hemorrhagic Shock. Ann Surg 2019; 268:348-356. [PMID: 28288070 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate (1) levels of the host-defense/antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in patients with trauma and hemorrhagic shock (HS) and (2) the effects of a synthetic host-defense peptide; Pep19-4LF on multiple organ failure (MOF) associated with HS. BACKGROUND HS is a common cause of death in severely injured patients. There is no specific therapy that reduces HS-associated MOF. METHODS (1) LL-37 was measured in 47 trauma/HS patients admitted to an urban major trauma center. (2) Male Wistar rats were submitted to HS (90 min, target mean arterial pressure: 27-32 mm Hg) or sham operation. Rats were treated with Pep19-4LF [66 (n = 8) or 333 μg/kg · h (n = 8)] or vehicle (n = 12) for 4 hours following resuscitation. RESULTS Plasma LL-37 was 12-fold higher in patients with trauma/HS compared to healthy volunteers. HS rats treated with Pep19-4LF (high dose) had a higher mean arterial pressure at the end of the 4-hour resuscitation period (79 ± 4 vs 54 ± 5 mm Hg) and less renal dysfunction, liver injury, and lung inflammation than HS rats treated with vehicle. Pep19-4LF enhanced (kidney/liver) the phosphorylation of (1) protein kinase B and (2) endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Pep19-4LF attenuated the HS-induced (1) translocation of p65 from cytosol to nucleus, (2) phosphorylation of IκB kinase on Ser, and (3) phosphorylation of IκBα on Ser resulting in inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B and formation of proinflammatory cytokines. Pep19-4LF prevented the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha caused by heparan sulfate in human mononuclear cells by binding to this damage-associated molecular pattern. CONCLUSIONS Trauma-associated HS results in release of LL-37. The synthetic host-defense/antimicrobial peptide Pep19-4LF attenuates the organ injury/dysfunction associated with HS.
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Zhang H, Liu M, Zhang Y, Li X. Trimetazidine Attenuates Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Myocardial Injury in Rats via Regulation of the Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:175. [PMID: 30890937 PMCID: PMC6411712 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhausted exercise has been reported to cause the damage of myocardial structure and function in terms of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism disturbance. Trimetazidine (TMZ), as an anti-ischemic agent, has been approved to be effective in promoting myocardial energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation. However, few studies examined the effects of TMZ on myocardial injury induced by exhausted exercise. To investigate whether TMZ could ameliorate the exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury and explore the underlying mechanisms, here the rat model of exhaustive exercise was induced by prolonged swimming exercise and TMZ was administrated to rats before exhaustive exercise. According to the results, we demonstrated that exhaustive exercise led to cardiomyocyte damage in rats as evidenced by elevations in cTnI and NT-proBNP levels, and decrease in CX43 expression, which was attenuated by TMZ treatment. Moreover, the administration of TMZ was found to restrain exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress damage by increasing GSH level, SOD and GSH-Px activities, and decreasing MDA level. Additionally, TMZ ameliorated myocardial injury by inhibiting apoptosis via reducing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and down-regulating cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and cytochrome c levels in the myocardium of rats. Furthermore, we found that TMZ suppressed oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inactivation of NF-κB signaling pathways. Therefore, our study suggested that TMZ provided cardioprotection in rats after exhaustive exercise, indicating TMZ might served as a potential therapeutic drug for exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan, China
| | - Moyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan, China
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Lee JO, Kim E, Kim JH, Hong YH, Kim HG, Jeong D, Kim J, Kim SH, Park C, Seo DB, Son YJ, Han SY, Cho JY. Antimelanogenesis and skin-protective activities of Panax ginseng calyx ethanol extract. J Ginseng Res 2018; 42:389-399. [PMID: 29983620 PMCID: PMC6026384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng have been reported in several articles; however, little is known about the antimelanogenesis effect, skin-protective effect, and cellular mechanism of Panax ginseng, especially of P. ginseng calyx. To understand how an ethanol extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-EE) exerts skin-protective effects, we studied its activities in activated melanocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced keratinocytes. METHODS To confirm the antimelanogenesis effect of Pg-C-EE, we analyzed melanin synthesis and secretion and messenger RNA and protein expression levels of related genes. Ultraviolet B (UVB) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were used to induce cell damage by ROS generation. To examine whether this damage is inhibited by Pg-C-EE, we performed cell viability assays and gene expression and transcriptional activation analyses. RESULTS Pg-C-EE inhibited melanin synthesis and secretion by blocking activator protein 1 regulatory enzymes such as p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein. Pg-C-EE also suppressed ROS generation induced by H2O2 and UVB. Treatment with Pg-C-EE decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and hyaluronidases and increased the cell survival rate. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Pg-C-EE may have antimelanogenesis properties and skin-protective properties through regulation of activator protein 1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein signaling. Pg-C-EE may be used as a skin-improving agent, with moisture retention and whitening effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ook Lee
- Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Bio-Inspired Aerospace Information Laboratory, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juewon Kim
- Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoong Park
- Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Bang Seo
- Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Agarwal R, Dawson MA, Dreyling M, Tam CS. Understanding resistance mechanisms to BTK and BCL2 inhibitors in mantle cell lymphoma: implications for design of clinical trials. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2769-2781. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1457148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishu Agarwal
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A. Dawson
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Constantine S. Tam
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Novoselova EG, Lunin SM, Glushkova OV, Khrenov MO, Parfenyuk SB, Zakharova NM, Fesenko EE. Thymulin, free or bound to PBCA nanoparticles, protects mice against chronic septic inflammation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197601. [PMID: 29795607 PMCID: PMC5967805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we aimed to study the effects of free and polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticle-bound thymulin on immune cell activity in mice with chronic inflammation. NF-κB, MAPK, and PKC-θ signaling pathway activity was assessed, alongside Hsp72, Hsp90-α, and TLR4 expression and levels of apoptosis. In addition, plasma cytokines and blood and brain melatonin and serotonin levels were measured. In mice treated with gradually raised doses of lipopolysaccharide, significant increases in the activity of the signaling pathways tested, heat-shock protein and TLR4 expression, lymphocyte apoptosis, and plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels were noted. Moreover, we observed significantly heightened serotonin concentrations in the plasma and especially the brains of mice with inflammation. In contrast, melatonin levels were reduced in the tissues examined, particularly so in the brain. Treatment of these mice with thymulin alleviated fever, reduced apoptosis, increased splenic cell number, and decreased cytokine production, Hsp72, Hsp90, and TLR4 expression, and the activity of the signaling pathways examined. In addition, thymulin partially restored brain and blood serotonin and melatonin levels. Thus, thymulin suppressed the proinflammatory response in LPS-treated mice, indicating the potential of thymulin co-therapy in the treatment of sepsis. Nanoparticle-bound thymulin was more effective in several respects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey M. Lunin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Maiuolo J, Maretta A, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Bosco F, Mollace R, Scarano F, Palma E, Scicchitano M, Nucera S, Sergi D, Muscoli S, Gratteri S, Muscoli C, Mollace V. Ethanol-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity implicit autophagy and NFkB transcription factor. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:141-150. [PMID: 29679641 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption causes early detrimental consequences in many tissues including the myocardium, though the molecular mechanisms leading to the alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) still remain to be elucidated. Here, we studied several biomolecular changes occurring in cardiomyoblasts after their exposure to sublethal concentrations of EtOH and the potential synergistic effect with methylmercury (MM) or doxorubicin (DOXO), which are known to produce direct myocardial dysfunction. In addition, the possible role of autophagic responses and Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NFkB) modulation in early post-alcoholic myocardial damage has been investigated. H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were incubated for fifteen days with a sub-lethal concentrations of EtOH (1-1000 μM). In particular, treatment of H9c2 cells with EtOH produced an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of autophagy. Furthermore, chronic exposure to EtOH, was accompanied by a translocation of NFkB into the nucleus dose-dependently. Finally, co-incubation of EtOH (1-1000 μM) with sublethal concentrations of MM or DOXO showed a prominent apoptotic death of cardiomyoblasts accompanied by ROS overproduction, autophagy activation and by an increased nuclear translocation of NFkB as compared to untreated cells. Thus, EtOH produces early changes in cardiomyoblasts characterized by oxidative stress, reactive autophagy and NFkB modulation at concentrations unable to produce direct cell death. Combination of EtOH with cardiotoxic pollutants or drugs makes the cardiomyocyte vulnerable to exogenous insults leading to apoptosis. These data contribute to better identify molecular mechanisms underlying early stages of alcoholic cardiomyopathy and suggest novel strategies to counteract integrated risk of cardiotoxicity in chronic alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Maretta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Saverio Muscoli
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy; San Raffaele IRCCS Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Graecia", Nutramed Consortium, Catanzaro, Italy; San Raffaele IRCCS Pisana, Rome, Italy.
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Londhe P, Yu PY, Ijiri Y, Ladner KJ, Fenger JM, London C, Houghton PJ, Guttridge DC. Classical NF-κB Metabolically Reprograms Sarcoma Cells Through Regulation of Hexokinase 2. Front Oncol 2018; 8:104. [PMID: 29696133 PMCID: PMC5904193 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a cancer hallmark, and one of the well-known cancer-associated metabolic alterations is the increase in the rate of glycolysis. Recent reports have shown that both the classical and alternative signaling pathways of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) play important roles in controlling the metabolic profiles of normal cells and cancer cells. However, how these signaling pathways affect the metabolism of sarcomas, specifically rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and osteosarcoma (OS), has not been characterized. METHODS Classical NF-κB activity was inhibited through overexpression of the IκBα super repressor of NF-κB in RMS and OS cells. Global gene expression analysis was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Transcriptome Array 2.0, and data were interpreted using gene set enrichment analysis. Seahorse Bioscience XFe24 was used to analyze oxygen consumption rate as a measure of aerobic respiration. RESULTS Inhibition of classical NF-κB activity in sarcoma cell lines restored alternative signaling as well as an increased oxidative respiratory metabolic phenotype in vitro. In addition, microarray analysis indicated that inhibition of NF-κB in sarcoma cells reduced glycolysis. We showed that a glycolytic gene, hexokinase (HK) 2, is a direct NF-κB transcriptional target. Knockdown of HK2 shifted the metabolic profile in sarcoma cells away from aerobic glycolysis, and re-expression of HK2 rescued the metabolic shift induced by inhibition of NF-κB activity in OS cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that classical signaling of NF-κB plays a crucial role in the metabolic profile of pediatric sarcomas potentially through the regulation of HK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Londhe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Peter Y. Yu
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yuichi Ijiri
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Katherine J. Ladner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joelle M. Fenger
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cheryl London
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Peter J. Houghton
- Greehey Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Denis C. Guttridge
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Yang G, Bibi S, Du M, Suzuki T, Zhu MJ. Regulation of the intestinal tight junction by natural polyphenols: A mechanistic perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3830-3839. [PMID: 27008212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1152230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of the epithelial barrier function is closely linked to the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal diseases, food allergies, type I diabetes, and other systematic diseases. Plant-derived polyphenols are natural secondary metabolites and exert various physiological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-aging effects. Recent studies also show the role of plant polyphenols in regulation of the intestinal barrier and prevention of intestinal inflammatory diseases. Here we summarize the regulatory pathways and mediators linking polyphenols to their beneficial effects on tight junction and gut epithelial barrier functions, and provide useful information about using polyphenols as nutraceuticals for intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Yang
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
| | - Shima Bibi
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
| | - Min Du
- b Department of Animal Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- c Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington , USA
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Insights into the Pathogenic Secondary Symptoms Caused by the Primary Loss of Dystrophin. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/jfmk2040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Zinc Potentiates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Nitric Oxide Production in Cultured Primary Rat Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:363-374. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Sordi R, Nandra KK, Chiazza F, Johnson FL, Cabrera CP, Torrance HD, Yamada N, Patel NSA, Barnes MR, Brohi K, Collino M, Thiemermann C. Artesunate Protects Against the Organ Injury and Dysfunction Induced by Severe Hemorrhage and Resuscitation. Ann Surg 2017; 265:408-417. [PMID: 28059970 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of artesunate on organ injury and dysfunction associated with hemorrhagic shock (HS) in the rat. BACKGROUND HS is still a common cause of death in severely injured patients and is characterized by impairment of organ perfusion, systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ failure. There is no specific therapy that reduces organ injury/dysfunction. Artesunate exhibits pharmacological actions beyond its antimalarial activity, such as anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS Rats were submitted to HS. Mean arterial pressure was reduced to 30 mm Hg for 90 minutes, followed by resuscitation. Rats were randomly treated with artesunate (2.4 or 4.8 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle upon resuscitation. Four hours later, parameters of organ injury and dysfunction were assessed. RESULTS Artesunate attenuated the multiple organ injury and dysfunction caused by HS. Pathway analysis of RNA sequencing provided good evidence to support an effect of artesunate on the Akt-survival pathway, leading to downregulation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1. Using Western blot analysis, we confirmed that treatment of HS rats with artesunate enhanced the phosphorylation (activation) of Protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the phosphorylation (inhibition) of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Moreover, artesunate attenuated the HS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B and reduced the expression of proinflammatory proteins (inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 6). CONCLUSIONS Artesunate attenuated the organ injury/dysfunction associated with HS by a mechanism that involves the activation of the Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase survival pathway, and the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and nuclear factor kappa B. A phase II clinical trial evaluating the effects of good manufacturing practice-artesunate in patients with trauma and severe hemorrhage is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Sordi
- *Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK †Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy ‡Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK §Centre for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
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Chen J, Kieswich JE, Chiazza F, Moyes AJ, Gobbetti T, Purvis GSD, Salvatori DCF, Patel NSA, Perretti M, Hobbs AJ, Collino M, Yaqoob MM, Thiemermann C. IκB Kinase Inhibitor Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:94-105. [PMID: 27153924 PMCID: PMC5198262 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with CKD requiring dialysis have a higher risk of sepsis and a 100-fold higher mortality rate than the general population with sepsis. The severity of cardiac dysfunction predicts mortality in patients with sepsis. Here, we investigated the effect of preexisting CKD on cardiac function in mice with sepsis and whether inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK) reduces the cardiac dysfunction in CKD sepsis. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent 5/6 nephrectomy, and 8 weeks later, they were subjected to LPS (2 mg/kg) or sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Compared with sham operation, nephrectomy resulted in significant increases in urea and creatinine levels, a small (P<0.05) reduction in ejection fraction (echocardiography), and increases in the cardiac levels of phosphorylated IκBα, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65; and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. When subjected to LPS or CLP, compared with sham-operated controls, CKD mice exhibited exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction and lung inflammation, greater increases in levels of plasma cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), and greater increases in the cardiac levels of phosphorylated IKKα/β and IκBα, nuclear translocation of p65, and iNOS expression. Treatment of CKD mice with an IKK inhibitor (IKK 16; 1 mg/kg) 1 hour after CLP or LPS administration attenuated these effects. Thus, preexisting CKD aggravates the cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis or endotoxemia in mice; this effect may be caused by increased cardiac NF-κB activation and iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and
| | | | - Fausto Chiazza
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Amie J Moyes
- Center for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and
| | - Thomas Gobbetti
- Center for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniela C F Salvatori
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - Mauro Perretti
- Center for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Muhammad M Yaqoob
- Center for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and
- Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom
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Park HC, Jung TK, Kim MJ, Yoon KS. Protective effect of Cornus walteri Wangerin leaf against UVB irradiation induced photoaging in human reconstituted skin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:445-449. [PMID: 27609754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornus walteri Wangerin has been used in oriental traditional medicine for the treatment of antidiarrheal and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The efficacy of Cornus walteri Wangerin on skin anti-photoaging was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydrolyzed Cornus walteri Wangerin leaf was tested for the anti-photoaging effects against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, pro-inflammatory cytokines using human reconstituted skin (KeraSkin™-FT) and also tested for elastase activity in vitro. The MMP-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of the extract were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The extract of hydrolyzed Cornus walteri Wangerin leaf (CWE) had the elastase inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.457mg/mL). CWE inhibited MMP-1 expression up to 61% in comparison with the control group which was not treated using CWE, but exposed to UVB. CWE also showed an inhibitory effect on releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in KeraSkin™-FT (30% and 57% inhibition at dose of 50μg/mL, respectively). CONCLUSION CWE is a promising anti-photoaging agent for the treatment of UVB-induced skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chul Park
- R&D Center, Saimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd., 143, Yangcheongsongdae-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
| | - Taek Kyu Jung
- R&D Center, Saimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd., 143, Yangcheongsongdae-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- R&D Center, Saimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd., 143, Yangcheongsongdae-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sup Yoon
- R&D Center, Saimdang Cosmetics Co., Ltd., 143, Yangcheongsongdae-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.
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Martin L, Horst K, Chiazza F, Oggero S, Collino M, Brandenburg K, Hildebrand F, Marx G, Thiemermann C, Schuerholz T. The synthetic antimicrobial peptide 19-2.5 attenuates septic cardiomyopathy and prevents down-regulation of SERCA2 in polymicrobial sepsis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37277. [PMID: 27853260 PMCID: PMC5112529 DOI: 10.1038/srep37277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An impairment of cardiac function is a key feature of the cardiovascular failure associated with sepsis. Although there is some evidence that suppression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATP-ase (SERCA2) contributes to septic cardiomyopathy, it is not known whether prevention of the down-regulation of SERCA2 improves outcome in sepsis. Thus, we investigated whether the administration of the synthetic antimicrobial peptide Pep2.5 may attenuate the cardiac dysfunction in murine polymicrobial sepsis through regulating SERCA2 expression. We show here for the first time that the infusion of Pep2.5 reduces the impaired systolic and diastolic contractility and improves the survival time in polymicrobial sepsis. Preservation of cardiac function in sepsis by Pep2.5 is associated with prevention of the activation of NF-κB and activation of the Akt/eNOS survival pathways. Most notably, Pep2.5 prevented the down-regulation of SERCA2 expression in a) murine heart samples obtained from mice with sepsis and b) in cardiomyocytes exposed to serum from septic shock patients. Thus, we speculate that Pep2.5 may be able to prevent down-regulation of cardiac SERCA2 expression in patients with sepsis, which, in turn, may improve cardiac function and outcome in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Martin
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts &The London School of Medicine &Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Klemens Horst
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fausto Chiazza
- Department of Drug Science &Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Oggero
- Department of Drug Science &Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science &Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts &The London School of Medicine &Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Schuerholz
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Liu J, Ibi D, Taniguchi K, Lee J, Herrema H, Akosman B, Mucka P, Salazar Hernandez MA, Uyar MF, Park SW, Karin M, Ozcan U. Inflammation Improves Glucose Homeostasis through IKKβ-XBP1s Interaction. Cell 2016; 167:1052-1066.e18. [PMID: 27814504 PMCID: PMC5908236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is widely believed that inflammation associated with obesity has an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. IκB kinase beta (IKKβ) is a crucial kinase that responds to inflammatory stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by initiating a variety of intracellular signaling cascades and is considered to be a key element in the inflammation-mediated development of insulin resistance. We show here, contrary to expectation, that IKKβ-mediated inflammation is a positive regulator of hepatic glucose homeostasis. IKKβ phosphorylates the spliced form of X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1s) and increases the activity of XBP1s. We have used three experimental approaches to enhance the IKKβ activity in the liver of obese mice and observed increased XBP1s activity, reduced ER stress, and a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity and consequently in glucose homeostasis. Our results reveal a beneficial role of IKKβ-mediated hepatic inflammation in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Dorina Ibi
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Koji Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Bedia Akosman
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Patrick Mucka
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | | | - Muhemmet Fatih Uyar
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Sang Won Park
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Umut Ozcan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
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Zhao H, Liu Z, Shen H, Jin S, Zhang S. Glycyrrhizic acid pretreatment prevents sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via suppressing inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:92-9. [PMID: 27063444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), an active ingredient in licorice, has multiple pharmacological activities. The aim of our study was to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the protective effects of GA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated rat mesangial cells (HBZY-1) and septic rats. Sepsis model was established by injection of 5mg/kg LPS in rats or incubation with 1μg/ml LPS for 24h in HBZY-1 cells. A variety of molecular biological experiments were carried out to assess the effects of GA on inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. First we found that GA alleviated sepsis-induced kidney injury in vivo. Furthermore, GA suppressed inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, GA inhibited cell apoptosis and the changes in expressions of apoptosis related proteins induced by LPS. Moreover, GA markedly inhibited oxidative stress induced by LPS via activation of ERK signaling pathway. Finally GA could inhibit the activation of NF-κ B induced by LPS. Our present study indicates that GA has a protective effect against sepsis-induced inflammatory response, apoptosis, and oxidative stress damage, which provides a molecular basis for a new medical treatment of septic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenning Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
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Buendía P, Ramírez R, Aljama P, Carracedo J. Klotho Prevents Translocation of NFκB. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 101:119-50. [PMID: 27125740 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Klotho protein is a β-glucuronidase capable of hydrolyzing steroid β-glucuronides. Two molecules are produced by the Klotho gene, a membrane bound form and a circulating form. This protein is recognized as an antiaging gene with pleiotropic functions. The activation of cellular systems is associated with the pathogenesis of several chronic and degenerative diseases associated with an inflammatory state. Inflammation is characterized by an activation of NFκB. Klotho suppresses nuclear factor NFκB activation and the subsequent transcription of proinflammatory genes. This review focuses on the current understanding of Klotho protein function and its relationship with NFκB regulation, emphasizing its potential involvement in the pathophysiologic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Buendía
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Ramírez
- Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Aljama
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Carracedo
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
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42
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Isolation and identification of chromone and pyrone constituents from Aloe and their anti-inflammatory activities. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Histone Deacetylase Inhibition and IκB Kinase/Nuclear Factor-κB Blockade Ameliorate Microvascular Proinflammatory Responses Associated With Hemorrhagic Shock/Resuscitation in Mice*. Crit Care Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Paternoster G, Guarracino F. Sepsis After Cardiac Surgery: From Pathophysiology to Management. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015; 30:773-80. [PMID: 26947713 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Paternoster
- U.O.C. Cardiac Anaesthesia and Cardiac-Intensive Care, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Fabio Guarracino
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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45
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Haase M, Fitze G. HSP90AB1: Helping the good and the bad. Gene 2015; 575:171-86. [PMID: 26358502 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haase
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Guido Fitze
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Zamora-Chávez A, Escobar-Sánchez A, Sadowinski-Pine S, Saucedo-Ramírez OJ, Delgado-Barrera P, Enríquez-Quiñones CG. [Incontinentia pigmenti with defect in cellular immunity]. BOLETIN MEDICO DEL HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO 2015; 72:325-332. [PMID: 29421531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmhimx.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare, X-linked genetic disease and affects all ectoderm-derived tissues such as skin, appendages, eyes, teeth and central nervous system as well as disorders of varying degree of cellular immunity characterized by decreasing melanin in the epidermis and increase in the dermis. When the condition occurs in males, it is lethal. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 2-month-old infant with severe incontinentia pigmenti confirmed by histological examination of skin biopsy. The condition evolved with severe neurological disorders and seizures along with severe cellular immune deficiency, which affected the development of severe infections and caused the death of the patient. CONCLUSIONS The importance of early clinical diagnosis is highlighted along with the importance of multidisciplinary management of neurological disorders and infectious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zamora-Chávez
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México D.F., México.
| | | | | | - Omar Josué Saucedo-Ramírez
- Departamento de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México D.F., México
| | - Palmira Delgado-Barrera
- Departamento de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México D.F., México
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Mohamed RH, Karam RA, Hagrass HA, Amer MG, Abd El-Haleem MR. Anti-apoptotic effect of spermatogonial stem cells on doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Gene 2015; 561:107-14. [PMID: 25680288 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate whether spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have possible effect on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced testicular apoptosis and damaged oxidant/antioxidant balance in rats. Sixty male Albino rats were divided into 3 groups: the saline control group, the testicular toxicity group (2mg/kg DOX once a week for 8 weeks) and the third group is a donor stem cells transplanted following pre-treatment with DOX. After the 8th week, the rats were sacrificed and tissues were collected and examined for CD95, CD95L, Caspase 3, and Caspase 8 gene expression using RT-PCR. While malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined using colorimetric kits. Biochemical, histopathological and PCR results showed improvement of the SSCs' group compared to the DOX-group. It was observed that spermatogonial stem cell affected DOX-induced activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via preventing DOX-induced increases in CD95 and CD95L levels as well as cleaved Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 levels in testicular tissues, however, spermatogonial stem cell decreased Dox-induced NF-κB activation as well. It can be concluded that SSCs may be utilized to develop new cell-based therapies, and to advance germline gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha H Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Rehab A Karam
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Hagrass
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona G Amer
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal R Abd El-Haleem
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is an established pathological condition that contributes to the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic inflammation is dependent on multiple signalling events. In an overnutrition state, canonical inflammatory pathways are induced by inflammatory cytokines and lipid species. They can also be triggered through inflammasome activation as well as through cellular stress provoked by the unfolded protein response at the endoplasmic reticulum as well as by reactive oxygen species. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about signalling events within the cell and describe how they impact on metabolic inflammation and whole-body metabolism. We particularly highlight the interplay between different signalling pathways that link low-grade inflammation responses to the inactivation of the insulin receptor pathway, ultimately leading to insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes.
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49
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Levenson AS, Kumar A, Zhang X. MTA family of proteins in prostate cancer: biology, significance, and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:929-42. [PMID: 25332143 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of MTA family members, particularly MTA1, with a special emphasis on prostate cancer. The interest for the role of MTA1 in prostate cancer was boosted from our initial findings of MTA1 as a component of "vicious cycle" and a member of bone metastatic signature. Analysis of human prostate tissues, xenograft and transgenic mouse models of prostate cancer, and prostate cancer cell lines has provided support for the role of MTA1 in advanced disease and its potential role in initial stages of prostate tumor progression. Recent discoveries have highlighted a critical role for MTA1 in inflammation-triggered prostate tumorigenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, prostate cancer survival pathways, and site metastasis. Evidence for MTA1 as an upstream negative regulator of tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and PTEN has also emerged. MTA1 is involved in prostate tumor angiogenesis by regulating several pro-angiogenic factors. Evidence for MTA1 as a prognostic marker for aggressive prostate cancer and disease recurrence has been described. Importantly, pharmacological dietary agents, namely resveratrol and its analogs, are potentially applicable to prostate cancer prevention, treatment, and control of cancer progression due to their potent inhibitory effects on MTA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anait S Levenson
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA,
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Poon F, Kang S, Chien AL. Mechanisms and treatments of photoaging. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2014; 31:65-74. [PMID: 25351668 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoaging is frequently encountered in a dermatologic practice. This systematic literature review aims to explore the etiology of photoaging and address the evidence behind its current management. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, UpToDate, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Articles were limited to those relating to photoaging. There are two major approaches in the current management of photoaging. This includes strategies to prevent against ultraviolet damage (e.g. sunscreen) and medications that attempt to reverse existing skin damage (topical retinoids and 5-fluorouracil). There has been a large growth in the variety of treatment options in recent years. While it is important for such growth to continue, prevention via sensible photoprotection methods still remains the best current management option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Poon
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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