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McAloon J, Armstrong SM. The Effects of Online Behavioral Parenting Interventions on Child Outcomes, Parenting Ability and Parent Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024; 27:523-549. [PMID: 38613631 PMCID: PMC11222219 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The twenty-first century has seen the development and delivery of online programs of behavioral family intervention for disruptive child behavior. Typically, programs evaluate outcomes in terms of change in child functioning and change in parenting ability. Existing research has also articulated the importance of parent-child relational capacity and its role in facilitating change in child functioning, and the importance of parent emotion regulation in the interests of ensuring optimal child development. These factors were explored in a meta-analysis of k = 14 prospective longitudinal research studies of online parenting interventions for disruptive child behavior. Peer reviewed randomized controlled trials with inactive control groups that were published in English between 2000 and 2022 were included in the review if they were delivered online; offered parent self-directed treatment; included as participants families who were screened as having child behavioral difficulties on validated psychometric assessment measures; and assessed child treatment outcomes, parenting ability and parent treatment outcomes. The protocol for this study was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020215947). Statistical analyses employed random effects models and reported pooled effect sizes (Hedge's g) within and between groups. Results emphasize the importance of child outcomes and parenting ability in program assessment, however, suggest that parents' capacity to develop optimal parent-child relationships and regulate emotion may not be sufficiently reflected in program content. Identified continuous and categorical moderators of treatment outcome were also assessed. Results of the review are discussed in terms of their potential to influence the future development of online programs of behavioral family intervention and, therefore, child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McAloon
- UTS: Family Child Behavior Clinic, Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Level 5 Building 20, 100 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Simone Mastrillo Armstrong
- UTS: Family Child Behavior Clinic, Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Level 5 Building 20, 100 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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2
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Silvestri C, Scaini S, Giani L, Ferro M, Nobile M, Caputi M. Theory of Mind: A Brief Review of Candidate Genes. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:717. [PMID: 38927653 PMCID: PMC11203359 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficits in theory of mind (ToM), known as the ability to understand the other's mind, have been associated with several psychopathological outcomes. The present systematic review aims to summarize the results of genetic studies that investigated gene polymorphisms associated with mentalization performance tasks in children and adults. The systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines, and the literature search was conducted in PubMed and EBSCOhost using the following keywords: 'theory of mind, mentalizing, mindreading' and 'gene, genetic basis'. Nineteen studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Most of the literature focused on the role of DRD4, DAT1, OXTR, OXT, COMT, ZNF804A, AVP, AVPR, SCL6A4, EFHC2, MAO-A, and the family of GTF2I genes in influencing ToM. However, controversial results emerged in sustaining the link between specific genetic polymorphisms and mentalization abilities in children and adults. Available data show heterogeneous outcomes, with studies reporting an association between the same family genes in subjects of the same age and other studies reporting no correlation. This does not allow us to draw any solid conclusions but paves the way for exploring genes involved in ToM tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Silvestri
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (C.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Simona Scaini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (C.S.); (L.G.)
- Child and Adolescent Unit, Italian Psychotherapy Clinics, Corso San Gottardo 5, 20136 Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Giani
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (C.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Mattia Ferro
- Brain and Behaviour Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Nobile
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy;
| | - Marcella Caputi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss, 34128 Trieste, Italy;
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3
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Lopez JD, Daniels W, Joshi SV. Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Clinical Considerations and When to Worry. Pediatr Rev 2024; 45:132-142. [PMID: 38425161 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2022-005922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Lopez
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, Children, Youth and Families, San Francisco, CA
| | - Whitney Daniels
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Shashank V Joshi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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4
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Quetsch LB, Bradley RS, Theodorou L, Newton K, McNeil CB. Community-based Agency Delivery of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Comparing Outcomes for Children with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Developmental Delays. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:33-45. [PMID: 36323995 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While externalizing behaviors are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is a shortage of specialist community-based clinicians to provide treatment. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an intervention designed to reduce child disruptive behaviors, may be effective for families of children with ASD but has rarely been studied outside of university-based research settings. We examined the effectiveness of PCIT delivered for children with (N = 109) and without (N = 2,324) ASD/developmental delays (DD) across community-based agencies in Oregon. Findings revealed significant reductions in disruptive behavior and positive changes in the parent-child relationship in both groups. These findings support PCIT as an efficacious intervention for children with ASD/DD and demonstrate PCIT's promise in community-based agencies with non-specialized clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cheryl B McNeil
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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5
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Zhang W, He T, Hinshaw S, Chi P, Lin X. Longitudinal relationship between oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in Chinese children: insights from cross-lagged panel network analyses. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02347-w. [PMID: 38151686 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common childhood mental disorders, and they have substantial comorbidity. The developmental precursor model has long been widely used to explain the mechanisms of comorbidity between ODD and ADHD, however whether it is equally effective at the symptomatic level is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) examine the stability of the ODD and ADHD comorbidity network in a longitudinal sample of high-risk children in China; and (b) examine the longitudinal relationship between the ODD and ADHD symptom networks based on a developmental precursor model. Two hundred sixty-three Chinese children aged 6 to 13 years with ODD and/or ADHD were assessed for symptoms of ODD and ADHD in two surveys conducted 1 year apart. We used data from these two time points to construct two cross-sectional networks and a cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) to explore the symptom network for comorbidity of ODD and ADHD. The analysis shows that: (1) the two cross-sectional networks are highly similar in terms of structure, existence of edges, centrality estimates, and the invariance test shows that there is no significant difference between them. The symptoms "follow through", "interrupts/intrudes", "difficulty playing quietly" and "concentration" had the highest expected influence centrality at both time points. (2) Combined with the results of the cross-sectional and cross-lagged networks, we found that "annoy" and "blame" are potential bridge symptoms between the ODD and ADHD symptom networks. The symptom "annoy" forms a reciprocal predictive relationship with "interrupts/intrudes", while "blame" unidirectionally predicts "close attention". In addition, we found that "vindictive" predicted numerous ADHD symptoms, whereas "angry" was predicted by numerous ADHD symptoms. The findings emphasize the broad predictive relationship between ODD and ADHD symptoms with each other, and that ODD symptoms may lead to activation of the ADHD symptom network and vice versa. These findings suggest that the developmental precursor model at the symptom level may partially explain the comorbidity mechanisms of ODD and ADHD, and future studies should further investigate the underlying multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Stephen Hinshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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6
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Szkody E, Stearns M, McKinney C. Interpersonal Competence: A Mediator Between ODD Problems and Parent-Child Relationship Discord. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1510-1520. [PMID: 35426549 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A central requirement of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) consists of difficulties with interpersonal relationships. As emerging adults' transition into adulthood and seek more autonomy from parents, it is important to examine how ODD problems and parent-child discord are indirectly associated through interpersonal competencies. The current study examined the indirect effects between ODD problems in emerging adults and parent-child discord through multiple interpersonal competencies as well as the additional differences among parent-child gender dyads. Emerging adults (N = 599 individuals aged 18 to 25 years; M = 19.60, SD = 1.40; 68% females) were recruited via an online research platform and completed online survey measures of ODD problems, parent-child relationship discord, and interpersonal competence. Indirect effects were significant for the mother-daughter dyad only. Additional results, limitations, and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Szkody
- Mississippi State University, P. O. Box 6161, 39762, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
| | - Melanie Stearns
- Mississippi State University, P. O. Box 6161, 39762, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Cliff McKinney
- Mississippi State University, P. O. Box 6161, 39762, Mississippi State, MS, United States
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7
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Hornstra R, Onghena P, van den Hoofdakker BJ, van der Veen-Mulders L, Luman M, Staff AI, van der Oord S. Components of Behavioral Parent Training for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Series of Replicated Single-Case Experiments. Behav Modif 2023; 47:1042-1070. [PMID: 37056055 PMCID: PMC10403966 DOI: 10.1177/01454455231162003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral parent training (BPT) is an evidence-based treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Stimulus control techniques (antecedent-based techniques, e.g., clear rules, instructions) and contingency management techniques (consequent-based techniques, e.g., praise, ignore) are the most common ones that are being taught to parents in BPT. However, research into the additive effects of these techniques is scarce. In this replicated single-case experimental ABC phase design, including six children on stable medication for ADHD (8-11 years) and their parents, the added efficacy of consequent-based techniques on top of antecedent-based techniques was evaluated. After a baseline period (phase A), we randomized the commencement time of two sessions parent training in antecedent-based techniques and two sessions parent training in consequent-based techniques for each child. Children's behaviors were assessed by daily parent ratings of selected problem behaviors and an overall behavior rating. Although visual inspection showed that behavior improved for most children in both phases, randomization tests did not demonstrate the added efficacy of the consequent-based techniques on top of the antecedent-based techniques. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future single-case experiments in this population are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Hornstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Barbara J. van den Hoofdakker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne van der Veen-Mulders
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Sensoy Bahar O, Byansi W, Nabayinda J, Kiyingi J, Namatovu P, Embaye F, McKay MM, Hoagwood K, Ssewamala FM. "I decided to participate….because I saw it as benefiting our community and families": a qualitative study of lay providers' experiences with delivering an evidence-based mental health intervention for families in Uganda. Int J Ment Health Syst 2023; 17:24. [PMID: 37605260 PMCID: PMC10440911 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-023-00593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents who live in resource-limited communities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experience significant mental health problems, including behavioral problems. In SSA, one of the most significant impediments to expanding services is a scarcity of mental health specialists. Task-shifting can effectively solve the mental health care gap in low-resource settings, yet it is underutilized in child and adolescent mental health. Moreover, the experiences of lay providers are understudied in global mental health, despite their potential impact on intervention effectiveness. In this study, we examined the experiences of community health workers and parent peers with the task-shifting of an evidence-based family strengthening intervention in Uganda. METHODS As part of a larger randomized clinical trial, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 facilitators selected using stratified purposive sampling. Interviews explored their decision to participate in the program; experiences with the training; and experiences with intervention delivery. All interviews were conducted in Luganda (local language) and audio recorded. They were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Despite concerns around lack of previous experience and time commitment, facilitators reported high relevance of the intervention to the families in their communities as well as their own as a motivation to participate. They also identified financial incentives as a motivating factor. These two factors also ensured their attendance at the training. They were satisfied with the content and skills provided during the training and felt prepared to deliver the intervention. During intervention delivery, they enjoyed seeing the families engaged and participating actively in the sessions as well as observing positive changes in the families. Some challenges with family attendance and engagement were noted. The facilitators reported an increased sense of self-efficacy and competence over time; and expressed high satisfaction with supervision. CONCLUSION Facilitators' positive experiences point to the high acceptability and appropriateness of task-shifting this intervention in low-resource settings. As the global mental health field continues to be interested in task-shifting interventions to lay providers, successful examples should be studied so that evidence-based models can be put in place to support them through the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Sensoy Bahar
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - William Byansi
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Josephine Nabayinda
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua Kiyingi
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Phionah Namatovu
- International Center for Child Health and Development Field Office, Masaka, Uganda
| | - Fithi Embaye
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Mary M McKay
- Office of the Provost, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Fred M Ssewamala
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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9
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Lowet DS, Vaida F, Hesselink JR, Ewing-Cobbs L, Schachar RJ, Chapman SB, Bigler ED, Wilde EA, Saunders AE, Yang TT, Tymofiyeva O, Huang M, Max JE. Novel Oppositional Defiant Disorder or Conduct Disorder 24 Months After Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 36:53-62. [PMID: 37559510 PMCID: PMC10840932 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20220094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought to identify predictive factors of new-onset or novel oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder assessed 24 months after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Children ages 5 to 14 years who had experienced TBI were recruited from consecutive hospital admissions. Soon after injury, participants were assessed for preinjury characteristics, including psychiatric disorders, socioeconomic status (SES), psychosocial adversity, and family function, and the presence and location of lesions were documented by MRI. Psychiatric outcomes, including novel oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder, were assessed 24 months after injury. RESULTS Of the children without preinjury oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, or disruptive behavior disorder not otherwise specified who were recruited in this study, 165 were included in this sample; 95 of these children returned for the 24-month assessment. Multiple imputation was used to address attrition. The prevalence of novel oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder was 23.7 out of 165 (14%). In univariable analyses, novel oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder was significantly associated with psychosocial adversity (p=0.049) and frontal white matter lesions (p=0.016) and was marginally but not significantly associated with SES. In the final multipredictor model, frontal white matter lesions were significantly associated with novel oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder (p=0.021), and psychosocial adversity score was marginally but not significantly associated with the outcome. The odds ratio of novel oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder among the children with versus those without novel depressive disorder was significantly higher for girls than boys (p=0.025), and the odds ratio of novel oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder among the children with versus those without novel attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was significantly higher for boys than girls (p=0.006). CONCLUSION Approximately 14% of children with TBI developed oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder. The risk for novel oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder can be understood from a biopsychosocial perspective. Sex differences were evident for comorbid novel depressive disorder and comorbid novel ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Lowet
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Florin Vaida
- University of California, San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
| | | | | | | | | | - Erin D. Bigler
- Brigham Young University, Department of Psychology
- University of Utah, TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology
| | | | | | - Tony T. Yang
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - Olga Tymofiyeva
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Radiology
| | - Jeffrey E. Max
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
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10
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Brathwaite R, Sensoy Bahar O, Mutumba M, Byansi W, Namatovu P, Namuwonge F, Neilands TB, McKay MM, Hoagwood KE, Ssewamala FM. Short-Term Impact of "Amaka Amasanyufu" Multiple Family Group Intervention on Mental Health Functioning of Children With Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Uganda. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:777-790. [PMID: 36898607 PMCID: PMC10330280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluate the mid-intervention (8 weeks) and short-term (16 weeks) impact of a culturally adapted multiple family group (MFG) intervention, "Amaka Amasanyufu," on the mental health of children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and primary caregivers in Uganda. METHOD We analyzed data from the Strengthening mental health and research training in Sub-Saharan Africa (SMART) Africa-Uganda study. Schools were randomized to the following: a control group; an MFG facilitated by parent peers (MFG-PP); or an MFG facilitated by community health workers (MFG:CHW). All participants were blinded to interventions provided to other participants and study hypotheses. At 8 weeks and 16 weeks, we evaluated differences in depressive symptoms and self-concept among children and in mental health and caregiving-related stress among caregivers. Three-level linear mixed-effects models were fitted. Pairwise comparisons of post-baseline group means were performed using the Sidak adjustment for multiple comparisons and standardized mean differences. Data from 636 children with DBDs and caregivers (controls: n = 243, n = 10 schools; MFG-PP: n = 194, n = 8 schools; MFG-CHW: n = 199, n = 8 schools) were analyzed. RESULTS There were significant group-by-time interactions for all outcomes, and differences were observed mid-intervention, with short-term effects at 16 weeks (end-intervention). MFG-PP and MFG-CHW children had significantly lower depressive symptoms and higher self-concept, whereas caregivers had significantly lower caregiving-related stress and fewer mental health problems, than controls. There was no difference between intervention groups. CONCLUSION Amaka Amasanyufu MFG intervention is effective for reducing depressive symptoms and improving self-concept among children with DBDs while reducing parental stress and mental health problems among caregivers. Given the paucity of culturally adapted mental health interventions, this provides support for adaptation and scale-up in Uganda and other low-resource settings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION SMART Africa (Strengthening Mental Health Research and Training); https://clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT03081195.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Phionah Namatovu
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Masaka, Uganda
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11
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Racz SJ, McMahon RJ, Gudmundsen G, McCauley E, Stoep AV. Latent classes of oppositional defiant disorder in adolescence and prediction to later psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:730-748. [PMID: 35074036 PMCID: PMC9309185 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Current conceptualizations of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) place the symptoms of this disorder within three separate but related dimensions (i.e., angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, vindictiveness). Variable-centered models of these dimensions have yielded discrepant findings, limiting their clinical utility. The current study utilized person-centered latent class analysis based on self and parent report of ODD symptomatology from a community-based cohort study of 521 adolescents. We tested for sex, race, and age differences in the identified classes and investigated their ability to predict later symptoms of depression and conduct disorder (CD). Diagnostic information regarding ODD, depression, and CD were collected annually from adolescents (grades 6-9; 51.9% male; 48.7% White, 28.2% Black, 18.5% Asian) and a parent. Results provided evidence for three classes of ODD (high, medium, and low endorsement of symptoms), which demonstrated important developmental differences across time. Based on self-report, Black adolescents were more likely to be in the high and medium classes, while according to parent report, White adolescents were more likely to be in the high and medium classes. Membership in the high and medium classes predicted later increases in symptoms of depression and CD, with the high class showing the greatest risk for later psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Racz
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Robert J. McMahon
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gretchen Gudmundsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- St. Luke’s Children’s Hospital, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Elizabeth McCauley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ann Vander Stoep
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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de Girolamo G, Iozzino L, Ferrari C, Gosek P, Heitzman J, Salize HJ, Wancata J, Picchioni M, Macis A. A multinational case-control study comparing forensic and non-forensic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the EU-VIORMED project. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1814-1824. [PMID: 34511148 PMCID: PMC10106295 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between schizophrenia and violence is complex. The aim of this multicentre case-control study was to examine and compare the characteristics of a group of forensic psychiatric patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a history of significant interpersonal violence to a group of patients with the same diagnosis but no lifetime history of interpersonal violence. METHOD Overall, 398 patients (221 forensic and 177 non-forensic patients) were recruited across five European Countries (Italy, Germany, Poland, Austria and the United Kingdom) and assessed using a multidimensional standardised process. RESULTS The most common primary diagnosis in both groups was schizophrenia (76.4%), but forensic patients more often met criteria for a comorbid personality disorder, almost always antisocial personality disorder (49.1 v. 0%). The forensic patients reported lower levels of disability and better social functioning. Forensic patients were more likely to have been exposed to severe violence in childhood. Education was a protective factor against future violence as well as higher levels of disability, lower social functioning and poorer performances in cognitive processing speed tasks, perhaps as proxy markers of the negative syndrome of schizophrenia. Forensic patients were typically already known to services and in treatment at the time of their index offence, but often poorly compliant. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for general services to stratify patients under their care for established violence risk factors, to monitor patients for poor compliance and to intervene promptly in order to prevent severe violent incidents in the most clinically vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni de Girolamo
- Unit of Epidemiological Psychiatry and Evaluation, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Iozzino
- Unit of Epidemiological Psychiatry and Evaluation, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Unit of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pawel Gosek
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Heitzman
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hans Joachim Salize
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Wancata
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Picchioni
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- St Magnus Hospital, Haslemere, Surrey, UK
| | - Ambra Macis
- Unit of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Stepanova E, Langfus JA, Youngstrom EA, Evans SC, Stoddard J, Young AS, Van Eck K, Findling RL. Finding a Needed Diagnostic Home for Children with Impulsive Aggression. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:259-271. [PMID: 36609931 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior is one of the most common reasons for referrals of youth to mental health treatment. While there are multiple publications describing different types of aggression in children, it remains challenging for clinicians to diagnose and treat aggressive youth, especially those with impulsively aggressive behaviors. The reason for this dilemma is that currently several psychiatric diagnoses include only some of the common symptoms of aggression in their criteria. However, no single diagnosis or diagnostic specifier adequately captures youth with impulsive aggression (IA). Here we review select current diagnostic categories, including behavior and mood disorders, and suggest that they do not provide an adequate description of youth with IA. We also specifically focus on the construct of IA as a distinct entity from other diagnoses and propose a set of initial, provisional diagnostic criteria based on the available evidence that describes youth with IA to use for future evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Stepanova
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 1308 Sherwood Ave, Richmond, VA, 23220, USA.
| | - Joshua A Langfus
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E Cameron Ave, CB# 3270, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Eric A Youngstrom
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 103 Westchester Pl, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514-5237, USA
| | - Spencer C Evans
- University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Joel Stoddard
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, 13123 East 16Th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andrea S Young
- Johns Hopkins University, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg 12N, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Kathryn Van Eck
- Johns Hopkins University, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg 12N, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Robert L Findling
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 501 N 2Nd St 4Th Floor, PO Box 980308, Richmond, VA, 23298-0308, USA
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Jendreizik LT, Hautmann C, von Wirth E, Dose C, Thöne AK, Treier AK, Banaschewski T, Becker K, Brandeis D, Geissler J, Hebebrand J, Hohmann S, Holtmann M, Huss M, Jans T, Kaiser A, Millenet S, Poustka L, Schneider P, Döpfner M. The importance of familial risk factors in children with ADHD: direct and indirect effects of family adversity, parental psychopathology and parenting practices on externalizing symptoms. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:96. [PMID: 36461089 PMCID: PMC9717533 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children experiencing unfavorable family circumstances have an increased risk of developing externalizing symptoms. The present study examines the direct, indirect and total effects of family adversity, parental psychopathology, and positive and negative parenting practices on symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children with ADHD. METHODS Data from 555 children (M = 8.9 years old, 80.5% boys) who participated in a multicenter study on the treatment of ADHD (ESCAschool) were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS The SEM analyses revealed that (a) family adversity and parental psychopathology are associated with both child ADHD and ODD symptoms while negative parenting practices are only related to child ODD symptoms; (b) family adversity is only indirectly associated with child ADHD and ODD symptoms, via parental psychopathology and negative parenting practices; (c) the detrimental effect of negative parenting practices on child ADHD and ODD symptoms is stronger in girls than in boys (multi-sample SEM); (d) there are no significant associations between positive parenting practices and child ADHD or ODD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Family adversity, parental psychopathology, and negative parenting practices should be routinely assessed by clinicians and considered in treatment planning. Trial registration (18th December 2015): German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00008973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Teresa Jendreizik
- School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christopher Hautmann
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena von Wirth
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Dose
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Thöne
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Treier
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty of the Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany ,grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Neuroscience Center Zürich, University and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Geissler
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Holtmann
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XLWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| | - Michael Huss
- grid.410607.4Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Jans
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Kaiser
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Luise Poustka
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Priska Schneider
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany ,grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Ssewamala FM, McKay MM, Sensoy Bahar O, Nabunya P, Neilands T, Kiyingi J, Namatovu P, Guo S, Nakasujja N, Mwebembezi A. Suubi4StrongerFamilies: A study protocol for a clustered randomized clinical trial addressing child behavioral health by strengthening financial stability and parenting among families in Uganda. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:949156. [PMID: 36506418 PMCID: PMC9726732 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.949156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children in Sub-Saharan Africa are burdened by significant unmet mental health needs. Across the region, high rates of poverty, HIV/AIDS, food insecurity, stigma, and an inadequate health safety net system exacerbate serious child behavioral health needs and impede an effective response. Disruptive behavioral disorders are particularly concerning as they persist through adolescence and adulthood. Hence, addressing the context-specific social influences on child behavioral health is critical given that children in the region comprise more than half of the total regional population. Against this backdrop, this study protocol describes a randomized clinical trial that will examine the mechanisms by which economic empowerment and family strengthening interventions targeting social, familial, and context-specific drivers affect the mental health of children in Uganda. Methods The study uses an experimental, longitudinal design across 30 cluster-randomized primary schools to compare single and combination intervention options; influences of economic empowerment and family strengthening on economic, perceptual, and functioning mediators; and context-specific moderators. The study will be conducted with 900 Ugandan children in mid-upper primary school (10-14 years). The three study conditions (n = 300 each) are: (1) economic empowerment only (EE only), (2) multiple family group-based family strengthening only (MFG-based FS only), and (3) combined EE + MFG-based FS. The interventions will be provided for 12 months; and assessments will occur at baseline, 12, 24, and 36 months. Conclusion Children in Sub-Saharan Africa are burdened by significant unmet mental health needs, including disruptive behavior disorders that persist through adolescence and adulthood if left untreated. The proposed study will examine the mechanisms by which economic empowerment and family strengthening interventions targeting social, familial and context-specific drivers affect the mental health of children in mid-upper primary schools in Uganda. Findings from this study can inform group, community, and population approaches that are needed for scalable solutions to address the social drivers negatively impacting child behavioral health in low-resource settings, including in Sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical trial registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT053 68714].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred M. Ssewamala
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mary M. McKay
- Vice Provost Office, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ozge Sensoy Bahar
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Proscovia Nabunya
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Torsten Neilands
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, LA, United States
| | - Joshua Kiyingi
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Phionah Namatovu
- International Center for Child Health and Development Field Office, Masaka, Uganda
| | - Shenyang Guo
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Vance A, Winther J, McGaw J, White S. Key demographic and mental disorder diagnostic differences between Australian First Nations and non-First Nations clinic-referred children and adolescents assessed in a culturally appropriate and safe way. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:1455-1462. [PMID: 34875892 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211063819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased point prevalence rates of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder have been reported in American Indian and Canadian First Nations children and adolescents. To date, in Australia, there has been no published examination of standardized Diagnostic and Statistical Manual mental disorder diagnoses in First Nations children and adolescents, determined after addressing key cultural methodological issues. METHODS In all, 113 First Nations children and adolescents and 217 non-First Nations young people, aged 6-16 years, age, gender, mental disorder symptom severity, symptom-linked distress and impairment matched were recruited in a case control study. Also, 112 typically developing non-First Nations participants, age and gender matched to the other two clinical groups as a second comparison group were recruited. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual mental disorder diagnoses via semi-structured clinical interview, social adversity status and full scale IQ were determined in all participants with cultural validity and reliability of the impairing patterns of symptoms in First Nations young people determined by First Nations mental health staff and Aboriginal Health Liaison Officers. Full scale IQ and social adversity status were appropriately controlled in the Logistic Regression analyses of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual mental disorder diagnoses between the two clinical groups. RESULTS Oppositional defiant disorder was the only diagnostic and statistical manual mental disorder diagnosis that differed between the First Nations and non-First Nations clinical groups, adjusting for confounding by social adversity status and full scale IQ in the multivariable model. The point prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder was 2.94 times higher (95% confidence interval: 1.14-7.69) among the First Nations compared to the non-First Nations clinical group. CONCLUSION Key known risk factors for oppositional defiant disorder can be identified early and holistically managed in First Nations young people. This will prevent oppositional defiant disorder decreasing their access to mental health services and increasing their involvement in the criminal justice system. In addition, the resilience building aspects of oppositional defiant disorder that may enhance self-respect need to be nurtured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair Vance
- Developmental Neuropsychiatry Program, Academic Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Wadja Aboriginal Family Place, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo Winther
- Developmental Neuropsychiatry Program, Academic Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Wadja Aboriginal Family Place, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Janet McGaw
- Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Selena White
- Wadja Aboriginal Family Place, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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17
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Skowroński B. Introduction and validation of the Antisocial Beliefs Scale in a sample of Polish prisoners. Front Psychol 2022; 13:991687. [PMID: 36337561 PMCID: PMC9632426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.991687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The goal of this study was to create and validate a brief self-report scale of antisocial beliefs. Methods The Antisocial Beliefs Scale (ABS), the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), the Mach-IV, the IVE Questionnaire were administrated to 718 prisoners. Dimensionality and construct validity of the ABS was investigated using CFA techniques, along with confirmatory bifactor analysis and second-order factor analysis. Four alternatives models of the ABS were specified and tested using Mplus (WLSMV estimation). A comparison sample of adult male non-offenders (n = 339) was also recruited. This sample completed only the ABS. Results The bi-factor model offered the best representation of the data. Results suggest that the ABS consists of eight subscales (physical aggression, lack of empathy, absence of prosocial standards, lack of guilt or remorse, incapacity for mutually intimate relationships, risk taking, egocentrism and manipulativeness). The ABS showed different levels of antisocial beliefs in offenders and non-offenders. The factors of ABS correlate significantly with external variables. The Antisocial Beliefs Scale demonstrated very good internal consistency. Conclusion The Antisocial Beliefs Scale can be used among participants with criminal history.
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18
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Galvez-Contreras AY, Vargas-de la Cruz I, Beltran-Navarro B, Gonzalez-Castaneda RE, Gonzalez-Perez O. Therapeutic Approaches for ADHD by Developmental Stage and Clinical Presentation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12880. [PMID: 36232180 PMCID: PMC9566361 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with three presentations: inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive and combined. These may represent an independent disease entity. Therefore, the therapeutic approach must be focused on their neurobiological, psychological and social characteristics. To date, there is no comprehensive analysis of the efficacy of different treatments for each presentation of ADHD and each stage of development. This is as narrative overview of scientific papers that summarize the most recent findings and identify the most effective pharmacological and psychosocial treatments by ADHD presentation and age range. Evidence suggests that methylphenidate is the safest and most effective drug for the clinical management of children, adolescents and adults. Atomoxetine is effective in preschoolers and maintains similar efficacy to methylphenidate in adults, whereas guanfacine has proven to be an effective monotherapy for adults and is a worthy adjuvant for the management of cognitive symptoms. The psychosocial treatments with the best results in preschoolers are behavioral interventions that include training of primary caregivers. In adolescents, the combination of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies has shown the best results, whereas cognitive-behavioral interventions are the most effective in adults. Pharmacological and psychosocial treatments must be adjusted to the ADHD presentation and its neurocognitive characteristics through the patient's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Y. Galvez-Contreras
- Unidad de Atención en Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Ivette Vargas-de la Cruz
- Unidad de Atención en Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Beltran-Navarro
- Unidad de Atención en Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Rocio E. Gonzalez-Castaneda
- Instituto de Neurociencias Traslacionales, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
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Lin X, He T, Heath M, Chi P, Hinshaw S. A Systematic Review of Multiple Family Factors Associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10866. [PMID: 36078582 PMCID: PMC9517877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by a recurrent pattern of angry/irritable emotional lability, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. Previous studies indicated that ODD typically might originate within a maladaptive family environment, or was at least maintained within such an environment. As such, the present review summarized pertinent research from the last 20 years that focused on the pathways connecting family risk factors to the development of child ODD symptoms. A systematic search of electronic databases was completed in August 2020, resulting in the inclusion of 62 studies in the review. The review established a multi-level framework to describe the mechanisms underlying the pathway from familial factors to ODD psychopathological symptoms: (a) the system level that is affected by the family's socioeconomic status and family dysfunction; (b) the dyadic level that is affected by conflict within the marital dyad and parent-child interactions; and (c) the individual level that is affected by parent and child factors. Additionally, from the perspective of family systems theory, we pay special attention to the interactions among and between the various levels of the pathway (moderation and mediation) that might be associated with the occurrence and severity of ODD symptoms. Considering future prevention and intervention efforts, this three-level model emphasizes the necessity of focusing on familial risk factors at multiple levels and the mechanisms underlying the proposed pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Lin
- School of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ting He
- School of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Melissa Heath
- McKay School of Education, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Stephen Hinshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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20
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Periconceptual and prenatal alcohol consumption and neurodevelopment at age two and five years. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 274:197-203. [PMID: 35667175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the association between alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring at two and five years. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a prospective longitudinal cohort; SCOPE-BASELINE. Data on pre-conception and prenatal alcohol consumption were obtained at 15 weeks' gestation and categorised as abstinent, occasional-low (1-7units/week) and moderate-heavy (≥8units/week). Binge drinking was defined as ≥6 units/session. Outcome measures (Child Behaviour Checklist and Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test) were obtained at two and five years. Linear regression examined an alcohol consumption and Child Behaviour Checklist and Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test relationship, adjusting for several potential confounders. RESULTS Data on alcohol consumption was available for 1,507 women. Adjusted linear regression suggested few associations: pre-pregnancy occasional-low alcohol consumption was associated with lower log externalizing Child Behaviour Checklist scores (-0.264, 95% CI: -0.009, -0.520), while pre-pregnancy moderate-high levels of alcohol consumption was associated with lower Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test verbal standard scores (-0.034, 95% CI: -0.001, -0.068) and composite IQ scores (-0.028, 95% CI: -0.056, -0.0004) at five-years. In the first trimester, moderate-high levels of alcohol consumption was associated with lower internalizing Child Behaviour Checklist scores at two-years (-0.252, 95% CI: -0.074, -0.430). No significant associations were observed between number of binge episodes pre-pregnancy or binge drinking in the first trimester and Child Behaviour Checklist or Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test. CONCLUSIONS We did not find strong evidence of associations between pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy maternal alcohol consumption and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at age two and five years overall. Further research examining alcohol consumption (including binge drinking) beyond 15 weeks' gestation and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes is needed to examine the potential effect of alcohol consumption in later pregnancy.
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21
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Tuntipuchitanon S, Kangwanthiti IO, Jirakran K, Trairatvorakul P, Chonchaiya W. Online positive parenting programme for promoting parenting competencies and skills: randomised controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6420. [PMID: 35440798 PMCID: PMC9017087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive parenting programmes (PPP), albeit effective, are not readily accessible to the general public, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 103 healthy caregiver-child dyads, we investigated the effectiveness of online PPP on parenting sense of competencies (primary outcome), parenting styles and behavioural concerns of children aged 3–6 years (secondary outcomes) between 2 blinded, parallel groups. After block of 4 randomisations, intervention group (n = 52) attended live, group-based, internet delivered PPP while both intervention and active control group (n = 51) received weekly general education via communication application. Outcomes were measured at baseline, 8 and 14 weeks. Most parents from both groups had high education and household income. From the intervention group, 87.5% of the parents attended live sessions while 8.6% subsequently watched recorded sessions. At 14 weeks, the intervention group reported higher sense of competence (Wald 9.63, p = 0.008); both groups reported using more authoritative parenting style (Wald 15.52, p ≤ 0.001) from Generalised Estimating Equations model. Compared to baseline, both groups had significant reduction of children’s emotional problems at 14 weeks (mean change: Intervention = − 0.44, p = 0.033; Control = − 0.30, p = 0.046) and behavioural problems over time (Wald 7.07, p = 0.029). Online PPP offered an easily accessible, primary preventive measure to mitigate behavioural concerns and improve parental competency. Clinical trial registration Thai Clinical Trials Registry; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/; TCTR20201030001; October 30, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sararat Tuntipuchitanon
- Division of Growth and Development, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ing-On Kangwanthiti
- Division of Growth and Development, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Maximizing Thai Children's Developmental Potential Research Unit, Division of Growth and Development, Department of Paediatrics, Sor Kor Building, 11th floor, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pon Trairatvorakul
- Division of Growth and Development, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Maximizing Thai Children's Developmental Potential Research Unit, Division of Growth and Development, Department of Paediatrics, Sor Kor Building, 11th floor, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Weerasak Chonchaiya
- Division of Growth and Development, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Maximizing Thai Children's Developmental Potential Research Unit, Division of Growth and Development, Department of Paediatrics, Sor Kor Building, 11th floor, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Asampong E, Ibrahim A, Sensoy-Bahar O, Kumbelim K, Yaro PB, McKay MM, Ssewamala FM. Adaptation and Implementation of the Multiple-Family Group Intervention in Ghana. Psychiatr Serv 2021; 72:571-577. [PMID: 33430647 PMCID: PMC9805812 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health system in Ghana is severely underequipped to meet the needs of children with behavioral health problems. A substantial treatment gap exists among individuals with behavioral challenges, necessitating the implementation of an evidence-based intervention to address child behavioral challenges in Ghana. This article presents learning opportunities from the adaptation and initiation process of an evidence-based approach, the multiple-family group (MFG) intervention, aimed at addressing child behavioral challenges in northern Ghana. METHODS The MFG intervention will be tested and implemented in three schools selected through a clustered randomization process, with 60 child-caregiver dyads per school. Each school will be assigned to MFG delivery by parent peers, MFG delivery by School Health Education Program (SHEP) coordinators, or an intervention where students are supplied only with mental health wellness materials and educational supports. The providers will be assessed on a fidelity measure. RESULTS The approach of engaging stakeholders in Ghana is anticipated to prove challenging because multiple partners are involved in MFG implementation. Participants are expected to actively participate, however, given some changes to the protocol to adapt it to the Ghanaian context, including the types of MFG facilitators and sample size. Other anticipated challenges include obtaining permission from key partners such as the education authorities, timing of the study within the academic calendar in Ghana, and meeting the high expectations of school authorities for the study. NEXT STEPS The MFG intervention will be delivered by parent peers and SHEP coordinators at the selected schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Asampong
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra (Asampong, Ibrahim); Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis (Sensoy-Bahar, McKay, Ssewamala); BasicNeeds, Tamale, Ghana (Kumbelim, Yaro)
| | - Abdallah Ibrahim
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra (Asampong, Ibrahim); Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis (Sensoy-Bahar, McKay, Ssewamala); BasicNeeds, Tamale, Ghana (Kumbelim, Yaro)
| | - Ozge Sensoy-Bahar
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra (Asampong, Ibrahim); Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis (Sensoy-Bahar, McKay, Ssewamala); BasicNeeds, Tamale, Ghana (Kumbelim, Yaro)
| | - Kingsley Kumbelim
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra (Asampong, Ibrahim); Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis (Sensoy-Bahar, McKay, Ssewamala); BasicNeeds, Tamale, Ghana (Kumbelim, Yaro)
| | - Peter B Yaro
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra (Asampong, Ibrahim); Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis (Sensoy-Bahar, McKay, Ssewamala); BasicNeeds, Tamale, Ghana (Kumbelim, Yaro)
| | - Mary M McKay
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra (Asampong, Ibrahim); Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis (Sensoy-Bahar, McKay, Ssewamala); BasicNeeds, Tamale, Ghana (Kumbelim, Yaro)
| | - Fred M Ssewamala
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra (Asampong, Ibrahim); Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis (Sensoy-Bahar, McKay, Ssewamala); BasicNeeds, Tamale, Ghana (Kumbelim, Yaro)
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23
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Sensoy Bahar O, Byansi W, Kivumbi A, Namatovu P, Kiyingi J, Ssewamala FM, McKay MM, Nyoni T. From "4Rs and 2Ss" to "Amaka Amasanyufu" (Happy Families): Adapting a U.S.-based Evidence-Based Intervention to the Uganda Context. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1928-1945. [PMID: 32027763 PMCID: PMC7416434 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In Uganda, one in five children presents mental health challenges, including disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs). DBDs can persist through adulthood and result in negative outcomes. Effective interventions for DBDs have been developed and tested in high-poverty communities in developed countries. Yet, most African countries, such as Uganda, lack such interventions. This paper describes the adaptation process of an evidence-based intervention of U.S. origin to optimize fit to context with intervention fidelity, as part of a randomized trial conducted with youth that exhibit behavioral challenges and their caregivers in 30 schools in Uganda. The process involved: initial meetings with headteachers and teachers to introduce the study and the main concepts of the intervention; initial manual review focusing on 4Rs and 2Ss content by the Uganda team; engagement of community stakeholders for additional feedback on content and cultural relevance; final revision of the manual; and collection of children's drawings for the illustration of the manual. This paper describes both similarities and differences between the original and adapted intervention content and methods of delivery. The findings also highlight the importance of involving community stakeholders in the adaptation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Byansi
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Apollo Kivumbi
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Uganda Field Office, Masaka, Uganda
| | - Phionah Namatovu
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Uganda Field Office, Masaka, Uganda
| | - Joshua Kiyingi
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Uganda Field Office, Masaka, Uganda
| | | | - Mary M McKay
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Thabani Nyoni
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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24
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Rydell AM, Brocki KC. Cognitive and Emotional Profiles of CU Traits and Disruptive Behavior in Adolescence: a Prospective Study. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:1039-1051. [PMID: 30523475 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study we followed 82-90 adolescents, 50% boys, from 15 to 16 years, investigating CU traits and disruptive behaviors as predictors of cognitive skills and arousal to emotional pictures. At age 15, CU traits were rated by adolescents and disruptive (aggregated ADHD-ODD-delinquent) behaviors were rated by parents and adolescents. At age 16, executive function, reaction time variability (RTV), IQ and arousal to negative pictures were assessed. The results showed that, with control for disruptive behaviors, CU traits predicted lower RTV, higher IQ and lower arousal to negative pictures. With control for CU traits, disruptive behaviors predicted lower spatial working memory, lower interference control and higher RTV. Our findings are of theoretical and clinical relevance as they point to highly diverging cognitive and emotional profiles of CU traits and disruptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Margret Rydell
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 751 42, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Karin C Brocki
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 751 42, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Kleine Deters R, Naaijen J, Rosa M, Aggensteiner PM, Banaschewski T, Saam MC, Schulze UME, Sethi A, Craig MC, Sagar-Ouriaghli I, Santosh P, Castro-Fornieles J, Penzol MJ, Arango C, Werhahn JE, Brandeis D, Franke B, Glennon J, Buitelaar JK, Hoekstra PJ, Dietrich A. Executive functioning and emotion recognition in youth with oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:539-551. [PMID: 32212964 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1747114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Executive functioning and emotion recognition may be impaired in disruptive youth, yet findings in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are inconsistent. We examined these functions related to ODD and CD, accounting for comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internalising symptoms.Methods: We compared executive functioning (visual working memory, visual attention, inhibitory control) and emotion recognition between youth (8-18 years old, 123 boys, 55 girls) with ODD (n = 44) or CD (with/without ODD, n = 48), and healthy controls (n = 86). We also related ODD, CD, and ADHD symptom counts and internalising symptomatology to all outcome measures, as well as executive functioning to emotion recognition.Results: Visual working memory and inhibitory control were impaired in the ODD and CD groups versus healthy controls. Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness recognition were impaired in the CD group; only anger recognition was impaired in the ODD group. Deficits were not explained by comorbid ADHD or internalising symptoms. Visual working memory was associated with recognition of all basic emotions.Conclusions: Our findings challenge the view that neuropsychological impairments in youth with ODD/CD are driven by comorbid ADHD and suggest possible distinct neurocognitive mechanisms in CD versus ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Kleine Deters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia Rosa
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clínic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pascal M Aggensteiner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Melanie C Saam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrike M E Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatry, Calw, Germany
| | - Arjun Sethi
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael C Craig
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paramala Santosh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clínic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 2017SGR881, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Penzol
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia E Werhahn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Informant-specific reports of peer and teacher relationships buffer the effects of harsh parenting on children's oppositional defiant disorder during kindergarten. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:163-174. [PMID: 30458890 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Harsh and restrictive parenting are well-established contributors to the development of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) among children. However, few studies have explored whether interpersonal relationships that develop outside the family environment attenuate the risk for ODD that is associated with harsh parenting. The current study tested multireporter measures of teacher-child closeness and peer acceptance as moderators of the association between harsh parenting and children's ODD as children's social worlds widen during the kindergarten year (N = 338 children, 48% girls, M age = 5.32 years). Harsh parenting interacted with peer nominations of peer acceptance and children's report of teacher-child closeness to predict children's ODD symptoms in the spring, adjusting for fall symptoms. Children exposed to harsh parenting exhibited greater symptom increases when they were less liked/accepted playmates and in the context of lower teacher-child closeness. However, harsh parenting was not associated with symptom change among children with higher levels of peer-nominated acceptance and those who reported closer relationships with teachers. There were no significant interactions using teacher's report of peer acceptance or teacher's report of teacher-child closeness. Findings highlight positive peer and teacher relationships as promising targets of intervention among children exposed to harsh parenting and support the importance of assessing multiple perspectives of children's social functioning.
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27
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Sanfilippo J, Ness M, Petscher Y, Rappaport L, Zuckerman B, Gaab N. Reintroducing Dyslexia: Early Identification and Implications for Pediatric Practice. Pediatrics 2020; 146:e20193046. [PMID: 32576595 PMCID: PMC7329249 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslexia is a common learning disorder that renders children susceptible to poor health outcomes and many elements of socioeconomic difficulty. It is commonly undiagnosed until a child has repeatedly failed to learn to read in elementary school; this late diagnosis not only places the child at an academic disadvantage but also can be a precursor to psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. Genetic and neuroimaging research have revealed that dyslexia is heritable and that it is undergirded by brain differences that are present even before reading instruction begins. Cognitive-behavioral research has revealed that there are early literacy skill deficits that represent red flags for dyslexia risk and can be measured at a preschool age. Altogether, this evidence points to dyslexia as a disorder that can be flagged by a pediatrician before school entry, during a period of heightened brain plasticity when interventions are more likely to be effective. In this review, we discuss the clinical implications of the most recent advances in dyslexia research, which converge to indicate that early identification and screening are crucial to the prevention or mitigation of adverse secondary consequences of dyslexia. We further highlight evidence-based and practical strategies for the implementation of early risk identification in pediatric practice so that physicians can be empowered in their ability to treat, educate, and advocate for their patients and families with dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sanfilippo
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Molly Ness
- Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York, New York
| | - Yaacov Petscher
- Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Leonard Rappaport
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barry Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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28
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Booker JA, Capriola-Hall NN, Greene RW, Ollendick TH. The Parent-Child Relationship and Posttreatment Child Outcomes Across Two Treatments for Oppositional Defiant Disorder. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2020; 49:405-419. [PMID: 30730774 PMCID: PMC6685776 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2018.1555761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the degree to which the parent-child relationship uniquely predicted clinical outcomes in externalizing problems and adaptive skills in children meeting diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder and whether facets of this relationship moderated the effects of two unique psychosocial treatments. We recruited 134 children and their parents (38.06% female; M age = 9.52 years, range = 7-14; 83.58% White). Families were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: Parent Management Training (PMT) and Collaborative and Proactive Solutions (CPS). We formed principal components from pretreatment reports and behaviors of the parent-child relationship to predict within- and between-family outcomes in children's externalizing problems and adaptive skills. Four principal components were supported (parental warmth, parental monitoring, family hostility, and family permissiveness). Parental monitoring predicted fewer externalizing problems, whereas family permissiveness predicted more externalizing problems. Parental warmth predicted greatest improvements in children's adaptive skills among families receiving PMT. Family hostility predicted more externalizing problems and poorer adaptive skills for children; however, families receiving CPS were buffered from the negative effect of family hostility on adaptive skills. The parent-child relationship can uniquely inform posttreatment outcomes following treatment for oppositional defiant disorder. Certain treatment approaches may better fit unique relationships that emphasize warmth and/or hostility, allowing clinicians to anticipate and tailor treatments to families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Booker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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29
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Fournier A, Gauthier B, Guay MC, Parent V. Design Fluency in Children with ADHD and Comorbid Disorders. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E172. [PMID: 32192012 PMCID: PMC7139708 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often associated with frontal executive impairment in children. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and anxiety disorders (AD) frequently accompany ADHD, but the impact of these comorbid disorders on cognition remains elusive. The five-point test (FPT), a design fluency task, has been shown to be sensitive to neurological damage, specifically to frontal lobe lesions in patients with brain injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare the performances of neurotypical children with that of children with ADHD, ADHD-ODD, and ADHD-AD on the FPT in order to examine whether these groups could be distinguished from one another based on their cognitive profile. METHODS A total of 111 children aged 8 to 11 years old participated in the study. Six measures from the FPT were used to characterize their performance. RESULTS Statistically significant differences between groups were observed for five of the six FPT measures. Essentially, children with ADHD-ODD made more repeated designs than the three other groups (control p > 0.001, ADHD p = 0.008, ADHD-AD p = 0.008), while children with ADHD-AD produced fewer total and correct designs than the control and ADHD groups (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS This suggests that comorbidities have an additive impact on the cognitive profile of children with ADHD. Design fluency may be a sensitive measure for capturing the subtle cognitive deficits that are likely to be involved in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Fournier
- Department of Psychology, University of Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC J4K 0A8, Canada; (A.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Bruno Gauthier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Laval Campus, Laval, QC H7N 0B6, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Guay
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;
| | - Véronique Parent
- Department of Psychology, University of Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC J4K 0A8, Canada; (A.F.); (V.P.)
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30
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Kohls G, Baumann S, Gundlach M, Scharke W, Bernhard A, Martinelli A, Ackermann K, Kersten L, Prätzlich M, Oldenhof H, Jansen L, van den Boogaard L, Smaragdi A, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Cornwell H, Rogers JC, Pauli R, Clanton R, Baker R, Bigorra A, Kerexeta-Lizeaga I, Sesma-Pardo E, Aguirregomoscorta-Menéndez F, Siklósi R, Dochnal R, Kalogerakis Z, Pirlympou M, Papadakos L, Dikeos D, Hervas A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Fernández-Rivas A, Popma A, Stadler C, De Brito SA, Blair JR, Freitag CM, Fairchild G, Konrad K. Investigating Sex Differences in Emotion Recognition, Learning, and Regulation Among Youths With Conduct Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:263-273. [PMID: 31026574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conduct disorder (CD) is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder marked by notably higher prevalence rates for boys than girls. Converging evidence suggests that CD is associated with impairments in emotion recognition, learning, and regulation. However, it is not known whether there are sex differences in the relationship between CD and emotion dysfunction. Prior studies on emotion functioning in CD have so far been underpowered for investigating sex differences. Therefore, our primary aim was to characterize emotion processing skills in a large sample of girls and boys with CD compared to typically developing controls (TDCs) using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. METHOD We included 542 youths with CD (317 girls) and 710 TDCs (479 girls), 9 to 18 years of age, from a European multisite study (FemNAT-CD). Participants completed three experimental tasks assessing emotion recognition, learning, and regulation, respectively. Data were analyzed to test for effects of group and sex, and group-by-sex interactions, while controlling for potentially confounding factors. RESULTS Relative to TDCs, youths with CD showed impaired emotion recognition (that was related to more physical and proactive aggression, and higher CU traits), emotional learning (specifically from punishment), and emotion regulation. Boys and girls with CD, however, displayed similar impairments in emotion processing. CONCLUSION This study provides compelling evidence for a relationship between CD and deficient neurocognitive functioning across three emotional domains that have previously been linked to CD etiology. However, there was no support for sex-specific profiles of emotion dysfunction, suggesting that current neurocognitive models of CD apply equally to both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Prätzlich
- Psychiatric University Clinics and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lucres Jansen
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Pauli
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Roberta Clanton
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Rosalind Baker
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Aitana Bigorra
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eva Sesma-Pardo
- Psychiatric Service, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Réka Siklósi
- Pediatrics and Child Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roberta Dochnal
- Pediatrics and Child Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Amaia Hervas
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Arne Popma
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stephane A De Brito
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - James R Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE
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31
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Christensen L, Baker BL. Risk-Taking and Delinquent Behaviors Among Youth with and without Intellectual Disabilities. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 13:1-24. [PMID: 32351658 PMCID: PMC7189909 DOI: 10.1080/19315864.2019.1710786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth with intellectual disabilities (ID) demonstrate higher rates of disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) than youth with typical development (TD). DBDs such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) predict higher rates of delinquency during adolescence. Yet, few studies have examined risk-taking and delinquency among youth with ID. METHODS We used a self-report measure to determine whether 13-year-old youth with ID (n= 23) reported higher rates of risk-taking and delinquent behavior than their TD peers (n=77). We also examined whether or not youth had a previous diagnosis of ODD. RESULTS Our results suggest that youth with ID reported fewer rule-breaking and risk-taking behaviors than their TD peers. In contrast, youth with a previous diagnosis of ODD reported more of these behaviors. CONCLUSION Our results appear discrepant from previous studies, which find higher rates of risk-taking and delinquency among youth with ID. As such, we discuss the factors that may explain our discrepant results, including our definition and assessment of ID, and the age of our participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Christensen
- USC University Center of Excellence in Developmental Disabilities - Children's Hospital Los Angeles
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32
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Blair RJ. Modeling the Comorbidity of Cannabis Abuse and Conduct Disorder/Conduct Problems from a Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective. J Dual Diagn 2020; 16:3-21. [PMID: 31608811 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2019.1668099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: A cognitive neuroscience perspective seeks to understand behavior, in this case the comorbidity of cannabis abuse and conduct disorder/conduct problems, in terms of dysfunction in cognitive processes underpinned by neural processes. The goal of this review is to articulate a cognitive neuroscience account of this comorbidity. Methods: Literature on the following issues will be reviewed: (i) the longitudinal relationship between cannabis abuse and conduct disorder/conduct problems (CD/CP); (ii) the extent to which there are genetic and environmental (specifically maltreatment) factors that underpin this relationship; (iii) forms of neurocognitive function that are reported dysfunctional in CD/CP and also, when dysfunctional, appear to be risk factors for future cannabis abuse; and (iv) the extent to which cannabis abuse may further compromise these systems leading to increased future abuse and greater conduct problems. Results: CD/CP typically predate cannabis abuse. There appear to be shared genetic factors that contribute to the relationship between CD/CP and cannabis abuse. Moreover, trauma exposure increases risk for both cannabis abuse and CP/CD. One form of neurocognitive dysfunction, response disinhibition, that likely exacerbates the symptomatology of many individuals with CD also appears to increase the risk for cannabis abuse. The literature with respect to other forms of neurocognitive dysfunction remains inconclusive. Conclusions: Based on the literature, a causal model of the comorbidity of cannabis abuse and CD/CP is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R James Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
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McKay MM, Sensoy Bahar O, Ssewamala FM. Implementation science in global health settings: Collaborating with governmental & community partners in Uganda. Psychiatry Res 2020; 283:112585. [PMID: 31590906 PMCID: PMC6954316 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 450 million people, many of whom live in poverty and are from low and middle-income countries (LMICs), experience serious mental health challenges. Children in sub-Saharan Africa comprise half of the total regional population, yet existing mental health services are severely under-equipped to meet their needs and evidence-based practices (EBPs) are scarce. In Uganda, one in five children present mental health challenges, including disruptive behavior disorders. Guided by the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability (PRISM) framework, this paper describes the strategies by which we have engaged community and government partners to invest in a collaborative, longitudinal study in Uganda aimed at improving youth behavioral health outcomes by testing a collaboratively adapted EBP. We emphasize that implementation scientists should be prepared and willing to invest time and effort engaging key stakeholders and sustain relationships through a full range of collaborative activities; ensure that their science meets a felt need among the stakeholders; and translate their research findings rapidly into accessible and actionable policy recommendations. Finally, we highlight that collaboration with global communities and governments plays a critical role in the adaptation, uptake, scalability, and sustainability of EBPs, and that the process of engagement and collaboration can be guided by conceptual frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M McKay
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Ozge Sensoy Bahar
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fred M Ssewamala
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Dysfunctional mesocortical dopamine circuit at pre-adolescence is associated to aggressive behavior in MAO-A hypomorphic mice exposed to early life stress. Neuropharmacology 2019; 159:107517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Distance-Delivered Parent Training for Childhood Disruptive Behavior (Strongest Families™): a Randomized Controlled Trial and Economic Analysis. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 29516341 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Disruptive behavior disorders are prevalent in youth, yet most children with disruptive behavior do not have access to timely, effective treatment. Distance-delivered service (e.g., via telephone, Internet) can overcome several barriers to care. This study tested the effectiveness of a 12-week parent training program, Strongest Families™ Parenting the Active Child, delivered via written material, skill-based videos, and telephone coaching sessions, as compared to usual care in reducing child externalizing behavior. Participants were 172 primary caregivers of a 6- to 12-year-old (29% girls; M age = 8.5 years) recruited from community children's mental health clinics. Participants were randomized to either Strongest Families™ or usual care and completed measures of child externalizing behavior, parenting practices, parent distress, and intervention services consumed at baseline and 5-, 10-, 16-, and 22-months post-baseline. Growth curve analysis showed significant reductions in externalizing behavior in both conditions over time. Improvements were significantly greater at 10 months in the Strongest Families™ condition (d = 0.43). At 22 months, however, the differences were not significant and small in magnitude (d = -0.05). The intervention decreased inconsistent discipline significantly more than usual care. Parents in both conditions showed significant reductions in distress. We also conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the value for money of the Strongest Families™ program versus usual care. Distance parent training is a promising way to increase access to, and reduce costs associated with, mental health care for families with a child with disruptive behavior.
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Lin X, Li Y, Xu S, Ding W, Zhou Q, Du H, Chi P. Family Risk Factors Associated With Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms, and Aggressive Behaviors Among Chinese Children With Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2062. [PMID: 31611830 PMCID: PMC6769082 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Family factors including parental emotion dysregulation and harsh parenting practices place children at high risk for malfunctioning in emotion regulation, depressive symptoms, and aggressive behaviors. This study investigated the associations among parental emotion dysregulation, harsh parenting practices (i.e., emotional abuse and corporal punishment), and child emotion regulation and child oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms and co-occurring depressive symptoms and aggressive behaviors. Participants included 239 parent-child dyads from 14 primary schools in Mainland China. All children were diagnosed with ODD. Parental emotion dysregulation, harsh parenting practices, and child emotion regulation were reported by parents; child ODD symptoms were reported by parents and teachers; child depressive symptoms were reported by children; and child aggressive behaviors were reported by teachers. Data indicated that parental emotion dysregulation was related to child ODD symptoms in the home and depressive symptoms indirectly through harsh parenting practices and child emotion regulation. Harsh parenting practices were related to child ODD symptoms in the home directly and indirectly through child emotion regulation. Moreover, emotional abuse was associated with child depressive symptoms directly and indirectly through child emotion regulation. Our findings highlighted the need for prevention and intervention targeting parent emotion dysregulation and harsh parenting practices among children with ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shousen Xu
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Ding
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hongfei Du
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Hamovitch EK, Acri MC, Bornheimer LA. An analysis of the relationship between parenting self-efficacy, the quality of parenting, and parental and child emotional health. JOURNAL OF FAMILY SOCIAL WORK 2019; 22:337-351. [PMID: 32863692 PMCID: PMC7453626 DOI: 10.1080/10522158.2019.1635939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Hamovitch
- McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy and Research, Silver School of Social Work, NYU, New York, NY
| | - Mary C Acri
- McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy and Research, Silver School of Social Work, NYU, New York, NY
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Srinivasan R, Wolstencroft J, Erwood M, Raymond FL, van den Bree M, Hall J, Skuse D. Mental health and behavioural problems in children with XXYY: a comparison with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2019; 63:477-488. [PMID: 30993819 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenotype of children with XXYY has predominantly been defined by comparison to other sex chromosome aneuploidies trisomies affecting male children; however, the intellectual ability of children with XXYY is lower than children with other sex chromosome aneuploidies trisomies. It is not known to what extent the phenotype identified to date is specific to XXYY, rather than a reflection of lower IQ. This study evaluates the mental health and behaviour of children with XXYY, in comparison to children with intellectual disabilities of heterogeneous genetic origin. METHODS Fifteen children with XXYY and 30 controls matched for age (4-14 years), sex and intellectual ability were ascertained from the IMAGINE ID study. IMAGINE ID participants have intellectual disabilities due to genetic anomalies confirmed by National Health Service Regional Genetic Centre laboratories. The mental health and behaviour of participants was examined with the Development and Well-being Assessment and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS Children with XXYY experienced significantly more frequent and intense temper outbursts than the control group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that temper outbursts may be specifically associated with the XXYY phenotype. These problems have a significant impact on the daily lives of boys with XXYY and their families. It is crucial to ensure that families are well supported to manage these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srinivasan
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Wolstencroft
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Erwood
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - F L Raymond
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - M van den Bree
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J Hall
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Skuse
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Longitudinal associations of callous-unemotional and oppositional defiant behaviors over a three-year interval for Spanish children. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 32:481-490. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe objective was to determine the longitudinal associations between callous-unemotional (CU) and oppositional defiant (OD) behaviors from the first to fourth grades for Spanish children. Four possible outcomes were evaluated: (a) CU behaviors in the first grade predict increases in OD behaviors in the fourth grade, controlling for OD behaviors in the first grade; (b) OD behaviors in the first grade predict increases in CU behaviors in the fourth grade, controlling for CU behaviors in the first grade; (c) both unique effects are significant; and (d) neither unique effect is significant. A longitudinal panel model with two latent variables (CU and OD behaviors), three sources (mothers, fathers, teachers), and two occasions (spring of the first and fourth grades) was used to evaluate the four possibilities among 758 (54% boys) first grade and 469 (53% boys) fourth grade Spanish children. For mother-, father-, and teacher-reports, OD behaviors in the first grade predicted increases in CU behaviors in the fourth grade, after controlling for CU behaviors in the first grade, whereas CU behaviors in the first grade did not predict increases in OD behaviors in the fourth grade, after controlling for OD behaviors in the first grade. OD behaviors thus conferred independent vulnerability to increases in CU behaviors 3 years later among young children.
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Quistberg KA, Mueller U. Prospective relations between kindergarteners’ executive function skills and their externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:845-862. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1591510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A. Quistberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ulrich Mueller
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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A Systematic Review and Evaluation of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Children and Youth with Disruptive Behavior: Rigor of Development and Recommendations for Use. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2019; 22:527-548. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-019-00292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dimensions and subtypes of oppositionality and their relation to comorbidity and psychosocial characteristics. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:351-365. [PMID: 30003396 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), or oppositionality, seem to constitute a three-dimensional structure of angry/irritable, vindictiveness and argumentative behavior dimensions. Also, subjects with oppositionality are characterized by different comorbidity and longitudinal trajectories, suggesting that they could be divided into subtypes. This study is the first to examine the dimensions and subtypes of oppositionality in Nordic children. Study participants included 3435 children aged 7-10 years from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Information was collected using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) online version. A three-factor ODD model was identified. The angry/irritable dimension was associated with emotional problems and disorders, fewer social skills and fewer personal positive attributes. The argumentative behavior dimension was associated with hyperactivity/conduct problems, reduced social skills and positive attributes. The vindictiveness dimension was associated with externalizing, internalizing and prosocial problems. Four ODD subtypes were identified. The subtypes with many or mainly angry/irritable symptoms were characterized by comorbid psychopathology, increased functional impairment and psychosocial problems. Children with ODD had fewer positive attributes, more friendship/school problems and higher functional impairment than children with emotional disorders and control group children. Oppositionality consists of three dimensions differently associated with comorbidity and psychosocial characteristics, and the same pattern is seen for the four ODD subtypes identified in this study. Children with ODD experience more adversities and functional impairment than children with emotional disorders. Our results indicate that treatment of children with ODD would improve from extended knowledge on individual ODD dimensions and subtypes and the related child psychosocial characteristics.
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Khan S, Down J, Aouira N, Bor W, Haywood A, Littlewood R, Heussler H, McDermott B. Current pharmacotherapy options for conduct disorders in adolescents and children. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:571-583. [PMID: 30702354 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1561862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conduct disorder (CD) is a common mental health disorder of childhood and adolescence. CD's complexity, with its heterogenous clinical manifestations and overlapping comorbidities makes the application of evidence-based management approaches challenging. This article aims to combine a systematic review of the available literature, with a consensus opinion from both child and adolescent psychiatrists and developmental pediatricians on the clinical and pharmacological management of children and adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). AREAS COVERED The authors review the CD population and provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapies using preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) and strength of evidence recommendation taxonomy (SORT) guidelines. The authors then provide an expert clinical opinion for the use of different pharmacotherapies to address aggressive and disruptive behavior in children. EXPERT OPINION Atypical antipsychotics (e.g. risperidone) demonstrate evidence for efficacy in CD. Other pharmacotherapies (e.g. mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants, psychostimulants and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) have a low level of evidence for CD alone, however, can sometimes be effective in managing the symptoms of CD when other psychiatric disorders are also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohil Khan
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Quality Use of Medicines Network, Menzies Health Institute , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,b Mater Research Institute , The University of Queensland , South Brisbane , Australia.,c Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - John Down
- d Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service , Lady Cilento Children's Hospital , South Brisbane , Australia
| | - Nisreen Aouira
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Quality Use of Medicines Network, Menzies Health Institute , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
| | - William Bor
- b Mater Research Institute , The University of Queensland , South Brisbane , Australia.,e Child and Youth Mental Health Service , Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service , South Brisbane , Australia.,f Centre for Children's Health Research , Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services , South Brisbane , Australia
| | - Alison Haywood
- a School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Quality Use of Medicines Network, Menzies Health Institute , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,b Mater Research Institute , The University of Queensland , South Brisbane , Australia
| | - Robyn Littlewood
- e Child and Youth Mental Health Service , Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service , South Brisbane , Australia.,f Centre for Children's Health Research , Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services , South Brisbane , Australia.,g School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences , The University of Queensland , South Brisbane , Australia
| | - Helen Heussler
- b Mater Research Institute , The University of Queensland , South Brisbane , Australia.,d Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service , Lady Cilento Children's Hospital , South Brisbane , Australia.,f Centre for Children's Health Research , Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services , South Brisbane , Australia
| | - Brett McDermott
- h Townsville Clinical School, College of Medicine and Dentistry , James Cook University , Townsville , Australia
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Gewirtz AH, Lee SS, August GJ, He Y. Does Giving Parents Their Choice of Interventions for Child Behavior Problems Improve Child Outcomes? PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 20:78-88. [PMID: 29352401 PMCID: PMC6054560 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Empowering consumers to be active decision-makers in their own care is a core tenet of personalized, or precision medicine. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research on intervention preferences in families seeking interventions for a child with behavior problems. Specifically, the evidence is inconclusive as to whether providing parents with choice of intervention improves child/youth outcomes (i.e., reduces externalizing problems). In this study, 129 families presenting to community mental health clinics for child conduct problems were enrolled in a doubly randomized preference study and initially randomized to choice or no-choice conditions. Families assigned to the choice condition were offered their choice of intervention from among three different formats of the Parent Management Training-Oregon Model/PMTO (group, individual clinic, home based) and services-as-usual (child-focused therapy). Those assigned to the no-choice condition were again randomized, to one of the four intervention conditions. Intent-to-treat analyses revealed partial support for the effect of parental choice on child intervention outcomes. Assignment to the choice condition predicted teacher-reported improved child hyperactivity/inattention outcomes at 6 months post-treatment completion. No main effect of choice on parent reported child outcomes was found. Moderation analyses indicated that among parents who selected PMTO, teacher report of hyperactivity/inattention was significantly improved compared with parents selecting SAU, and compared with those assigned to PMTO within the no-choice condition. Contrary to hypotheses, teacher report of hyperactivity/inattention was also significantly improved for families assigned to SAU within the no-choice condition, indicating that within the no-choice condition, SAU outperformed the parenting interventions. Implications for prevention research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail H Gewirtz
- Department of Family Social Science & Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 290 McNeal Hall, 1985 Buford Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Susanne S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 2312 S 6th St. Minneapolis, St. Paul, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Gerald J August
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, 290 McNeal Hall, 1985 Buford Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Yaliu He
- The Family Institute, Northwestern University, 618 Library Place, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
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Lerner MD, Mazefsky CA, Weber RJ, Transue E, Siegel M, Gadow KD. Verbal Ability and Psychiatric Symptoms in Clinically Referred Inpatient and Outpatient Youth with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:3689-3701. [PMID: 29038930 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of psychiatric symptoms, but the relation between verbal ability and psychiatric symptoms is unknown. This study utilized a large sample of clinically referred inpatient and outpatient youth with ASD to compare psychiatric comorbidity between verbal and minimally-verbal youth, adjusting for nonverbal IQ, age, and ASD symptom severity. Results indicated that verbal youth were more likely to present with and meet clinical cutoffs for depression and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms, with greater impairment associated with depression. Youth in inpatient settings had greater symptom severity and impairment across almost all psychiatric comorbidities. These results present the most direct estimate to date of the association between verbal ability and psychiatric comorbidity in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lerner
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2500, USA.
| | - Carla A Mazefsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Webster Hall Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Weber
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2500, USA
| | - Emilie Transue
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Webster Hall Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Matthew Siegel
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Kenneth D Gadow
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Gatti U, Grattagliano I, Rocca G. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments of conduct problems in children and adolescents: an overview. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2018; 26:171-193. [PMID: 31984071 PMCID: PMC6762114 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2018.1485523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to identify empirically supported psychosocial intervention programs for young people with conduct problems and to evaluate the underpinnings, techniques and outcomes of these treatments. We analyzed reviews and meta-analyses published between 1982 and 2016 concerning psychosocial intervention programs for children aged 3 to 12 years with conduct problems. Parent training should be considered the first-line approach to dealing with young children, whereas cognitive-behavioral approaches have a greater effect on older youths. Family interventions have shown greater efficacy in older youths, whereas multi-component and multimodal treatment approaches have yielded moderate effects in both childhood and adolescence. Some limitations were found, especially regarding the evaluation of effects. To date, no single program has emerged as the best. However, it emerges that the choice of intervention should be age-specific and should take into account developmental differences in cognitive, behavioral, affective and communicative abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uberto Gatti
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Criminology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Rocca
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Criminology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Franke B, Michelini G, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bilbow A, Buitelaar JK, Cormand B, Faraone SV, Ginsberg Y, Haavik J, Kuntsi J, Larsson H, Lesch KP, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Réthelyi JM, Ribases M, Reif A. Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1059-1088. [PMID: 30195575 PMCID: PMC6379245 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable and the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. In recent decades, it has been appreciated that in a substantial number of cases the disorder does not remit in puberty, but persists into adulthood. Both in childhood and adulthood, ADHD is characterised by substantial comorbidity including substance use, depression, anxiety, and accidents. However, course and symptoms of the disorder and the comorbidities may fluctuate and change over time, and even age of onset in childhood has recently been questioned. Available evidence to date is poor and largely inconsistent with regard to the predictors of persistence versus remittance. Likewise, the development of comorbid disorders cannot be foreseen early on, hampering preventive measures. These facts call for a lifespan perspective on ADHD from childhood to old age. In this selective review, we summarise current knowledge of the long-term course of ADHD, with an emphasis on clinical symptom and cognitive trajectories, treatment effects over the lifespan, and the development of comorbidities. Also, we summarise current knowledge and important unresolved issues on biological factors underlying different ADHD trajectories. We conclude that a severe lack of knowledge on lifespan aspects in ADHD still exists for nearly every aspect reviewed. We encourage large-scale research efforts to overcome those knowledge gaps through appropriately granular longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andrea Bilbow
- Attention Deficit Disorder Information and Support Service (ADDISS), Edgware, UK; ADHD-Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, New York, USA; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ylva Ginsberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP-B Molecular Psychiatry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Ribases
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ssewamala FM, Sensoy Bahar O, McKay MM, Hoagwood K, Huang KY, Pringle B. Strengthening mental health and research training in Sub-Saharan Africa (SMART Africa): Uganda study protocol. Trials 2018; 19:423. [PMID: 30081967 PMCID: PMC6080393 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) comprise half of the total regional population, yet existing mental health services are severely under-equipped to meet their needs. Although effective interventions for the treatment of disruptive behavioral disorders (DBDs) in youth have been tested in high-poverty and high-stress communities in developed countries, and are relevant for widespread dissemination in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), most of these evidence-based practices (EBPs) have not been utilized in SSA, a region heavily impacted by poverty, diseases including HIV/AIDS, and violence. Thus, this paper presents a protocol for a scale-up longitudinal experimental study that uses a mixed-methods, hybrid type II, effectiveness implementation design to test the effectiveness of an EBP, called Multiple Family Group (MFG) aimed at improving child behavioral challenges in Uganda while concurrently examining the multi-level factors that influence uptake, implementation, sustainment, and youth outcomes. METHODS The MFG intervention will be implemented and tested via a longitudinal experimental study conducted across 30 public primary schools located in both semi-urban and rural communities. The schools will be randomly assigned to three study conditions (n = 10 per study condition): (1) MFG delivered by trained family peers; (2) MFG delivered by community health workers; or; (3) comparison: usual care comprising mental health care support materials, bolstered with school support materials. A total of 3000 children (ages 8 to 13 years; grades 2 to 7) and their caregivers (N = 3000 dyads); 60 parent peers, and 60 community health workers will be recruited. Each study condition will comprise of 1000 child-caregiver dyads. Data will be collected at baseline, 8 and 16 weeks, and 6-month follow-up. DISCUSSION This project is the first to test the effectiveness of the MFG intervention while concurrently examining multi-level factors that influence overall implementation of a family-based intervention provided in schools and aimed at reaching the large child population with mental health service needs in Uganda. Moreover, the study draws upon an EBP that has already been tested for delivery by parent peers and community facilitators, and hence will take advantage of the advancing science behind task-shifting. If successful, the project has great potential to address global child mental health needs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03081195 . Registered on 16 March 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred M. Ssewamala
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Ozge Sensoy Bahar
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Mary M. McKay
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Kimberly Hoagwood
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York University, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Keng-Yen Huang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, New York University, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Beverly Pringle
- National Institute of Mental Health, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Bernhard A, Martinelli A, Ackermann K, Saure D, Freitag CM. Association of trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Conduct Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 91:153-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Ollendick TH, Booker JA, Ryan S, Greene RW. Testing Multiple Conceptualizations of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Youth. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2018; 47:620-633. [PMID: 28287828 PMCID: PMC6752705 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1286594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent theories conceptualize oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) as a two-dimensional construct with angry/irritable (i.e., affective) and argumentative/defiant (i.e., behavioral) components. This view has been supported by studies of nonreferred youth but not yet examined in clinic-referred youth. In a reanalysis of data regarding children who received one of two psychosocial ODD treatments, we examined multiple conceptualizations of ODD, whether children showed improvements across these ODD dimensions, and whether main and joint effects of ODD dimension improvement predicted clinical outcome. One hundred thirty-four clinic-referred youth (ages 7-14 years, 38% female, 84% White) who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) criteria for ODD received 1 of 2 psychosocial treatments. At pretreatment, 1-week follow-up, and 6-month follow-up, mothers reported child aggression and conduct problems, clinicians reported global clinical impairment and clinical improvement, and ODD symptom counts were collected from a semistructured diagnostic interview with mothers. Baseline ODD symptom were used to test previously supported multidimensional models. One- and two-factor conceptualizations were supported; however, the two-factor solution was preferred. With this solution, each dimension significantly and similarly improved across treatment conditions. Improvements across affective and behavioral ODD factors also had significant effects on clinician- and mother-reported clinical outcomes. The current findings provide empirical support for the ongoing study of multidimensional ODD conceptualizations in clinic-referred youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Ollendick
- Child Study Center, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, 460 Turner St, Collegiate Square, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Jordan A. Booker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sarah Ryan
- Child Study Center, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, 460 Turner St, Collegiate Square, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Ross W. Greene
- Child Study Center, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, 460 Turner St, Collegiate Square, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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