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Petro NM, Rempe MP, Schantell M, Ku V, Srinivas AN, O’Neill J, Kubat ME, Bares SH, May-Weeks PE, Wilson TW. Spontaneous cortical activity is altered in persons with HIV and related to domain-specific cognitive function. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae228. [PMID: 39035415 PMCID: PMC11258575 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst the average lifespan of persons with HIV now approximates that of the general population, these individuals are at a much higher risk of developing cognitive impairment with ∼35-70% experiencing at least subtle cognitive deficits. Previous works suggest that HIV impacts both low-level primary sensory regions and higher-level association cortices. Notably, multiple neuroHIV studies have reported elevated levels of spontaneous cortical activity during the pre-stimulus baseline period of task-based experiments, but only a few have examined such activity during resting-state conditions. In the current study, we examined such spontaneous cortical activity using magnetoencephalography in 79 persons with HIV and 83 demographically matched seronegative controls and related this neural activity to performance on neuropsychological assessments of cognitive function. Consistent with previous works, persons with HIV exhibited stronger spontaneous gamma activity, particularly in inferior parietal, prefrontal and superior temporal cortices. In addition, serostatus moderated the relationship between spontaneous beta activity and attention, motor and processing speed scores, with controls but not persons with HIV showing stronger beta activity with better performance. The current results suggest that HIV predominantly impacts spontaneous activity in association cortices, consistent with alterations in higher-order brain function, and may be attributable to deficient GABAergic signalling, given its known role in the generation of gamma and beta oscillations. Overall, these effects align with previous studies showing aberrant spontaneous activity in persons with HIV and provide a critical new linkage to domain-specific cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Petro
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Maggie P Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vivian Ku
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Advika N Srinivas
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Jennifer O’Neill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maureen E Kubat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sara H Bares
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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2
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Rollins L, Khuu A, Bennett K. Event-related potentials during encoding coincide with subsequent forced-choice mnemonic discrimination. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15859. [PMID: 38982127 PMCID: PMC11233557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Computational models and eye-tracking research suggest that encoding variability accounts for the reduced recognition of targets (A) when paired with non-corresponding lures (B') relative to corresponding lures (A'). The current study examined whether neural activity during learning coincided with subsequent performance on the forced-choice Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). Event-related potential responses were collected during encoding while young adults completed A-B' and A-A' trials of the forced-choice MST. Consistent with previous research, performance was lower on A-B' trials than A-A' trials. The subsequent memory effect was not significant for the A-A' test format. However, for A-B' trials, we observed a significant Accuracy × Stimulus interaction 1000-1200 ms poststimulus onset across frontal and fronto-central electrodes. As hypothesized, subsequently correct A-B' trials were associated with a larger amplitude response at encoding to the target (A) than the original version of the non-corresponding lure (B). However, subsequently incorrect trials were associated with a larger amplitude response to the non-corresponding lure (B) than the target stimulus (A). These findings provide additional support for the effect of encoding variability on mnemonic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Rollins
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA.
| | - Alexis Khuu
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - Kaylee Bennett
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
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3
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Gogna Y, Tiwari S, Singla R. Evaluating the performance of the cognitive workload model with subjective endorsement in addition to EEG. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:2019-2036. [PMID: 38433179 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The aptitude-oriented exercises from almost all domains impose cognitive load on their operators. Evaluating such load poses several challenges owing to many factors like measurement mode and complexity, nature of the load, overloading conditions, etc. Nevertheless, the physiological measurement of a specific genre of cognitive load and subjective measurement have not been reported along with each other. In this study, the electroencephalography (EEG)-driven machine learning (Support Vector Machine (SVM)) model is sought along with the support of NASA's Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) rating scale for a novel purpose in workload exploration of operators. The Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) was used as the foundation to design the intrinsic stimulus (Spot the Difference task), as most workloads operators are exposed to are notably intrinsic. The SVM-based three-level classification accuracy ranged from 85.4 to 97.4% (p < 0.05), and the NASA-TLX-based three-level classification accuracy ranged from 88.33 to 97.33%. The t-test results show that the neurometric indices contributing to the classification significantly differed (p < 0.05) for every level. The NASA-TLX scale was utilised for validation in its basic form after the validity (Pearson correlation coefficients 0.338 to 0.805 (p < 0.05)) and reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.753) test. This modeling is beneficial to phase out particular-level cognitive exercises from the curriculum during under or overload workload (critical) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Gogna
- ICE Department, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar NIT Jalandhar, GT Road Bye-Pass, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144008, India.
| | - Sheela Tiwari
- ICE Department, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar NIT Jalandhar, GT Road Bye-Pass, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144008, India
| | - Rajesh Singla
- ICE Department, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar NIT Jalandhar, GT Road Bye-Pass, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144008, India
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4
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Fehr T, Mehrens S, Haag MC, Amelung A, Gloy K. Changes in Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Default Network Oscillations between 19 and 29 Years of Age. Brain Sci 2024; 14:671. [PMID: 39061412 PMCID: PMC11274777 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The exploration of functional resting-state brain developmental parameters and measures can help to improve scientific, psychological, and medical applications. The present work focussed on both traditional approaches, such as topographical power analyses at the signal space level, and advanced approaches, such as the exploration of age-related dynamics of source space data. The results confirmed the expectation that the third life decade would show a kind of stability in oscillatory signal and source-space-related parameters. However, from a source dynamics perspective, different frequency ranges appear to develop quite differently, as reflected in age-related sequential network communication profiles. Among other discoveries, the left anterior cingulate source location could be shown to reduce bi-directional network communication in the lower alpha band, whereas it differentiated its uni- and bidirectional communication dynamics to sub-cortical and posterior brain locations. Higher alpha oscillations enhanced communication dynamics between the thalamus and particularly frontal areas. In conclusion, resting-state data appear to be, at least in part, functionally reorganized in the default mode network, while quantitative measures, such as topographical power and regional source activity, did not correlate with age in the third life decade. In line with other authors, we suggest the further development of a multi-perspective approach in biosignal analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Fehr
- Institute for Psychology, University of Bremen, 28357 Bremen, Germany (K.G.)
- Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Bremen, 28357 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sophia Mehrens
- Institute for Psychology, University of Bremen, 28357 Bremen, Germany (K.G.)
| | | | - Anneke Amelung
- Institute for Psychology, University of Bremen, 28357 Bremen, Germany (K.G.)
| | - Kilian Gloy
- Institute for Psychology, University of Bremen, 28357 Bremen, Germany (K.G.)
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5
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Iffland B, Kley H, Neuner F. Effects of peer victimization on cortical processing of social-evaluative stress in patients with major depressive disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae037. [PMID: 38874968 PMCID: PMC11182063 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Peer victimization contributes to the development of major depressive disorders (MDDs). While previous studies reported differentiated peripheral physiological responses in peer-victimized individuals with depression, little is known about potential alterations of cortical event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to social stimuli in depressive patients with a history of peer victimization. Using a social condition paradigm, the present study examined whether peer victimization alters conditioned cortical responses to potentially threatening social stimuli in MDD patients and healthy controls. In the task, we studied ERPs to conditioned stimuli (CSs), i.e. still images of faces, that were coupled to unconditioned socially negative and neutral evaluative video statements. Peer victimization was related to more pronounced P100 amplitudes in reaction to negative and neutral CSs. Attenuated P200 amplitudes in peer-victimized individuals were found in response to negative CSs. Cortical responses to CSs were not influenced by a diagnosis of MDD. The results suggest altered responsiveness to interpersonal information in peer-victimized individuals. Facilitated early processing of social threat indicators may prevent peer-victimized individuals from adaptive responses to social cues, increasing their vulnerability for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Iffland
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hanna Kley
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Neuner
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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6
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Jamil M, Aziz MZ, Yu X. Exploring the potential of pretrained CNNs and time-frequency methods for accurate epileptic EEG classification: a comparative study. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:045023. [PMID: 38599183 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad3cde] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Prompt diagnosis of epilepsy relies on accurate classification of automated electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Several approaches have been developed to characterize epileptic EEG data; however, none of them have exploited time-frequency data to evaluate the effect of tweaking parameters in pretrained frameworks for EEG data classification. This study compares the performance of several pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) namely, AlexNet, GoogLeNet, MobileNetV2, ResNet-18 and SqueezeNet for the localization of epilepsy EEG data using various time-frequency data representation algorithms. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT), empirical Fourier decomposition (EFD), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), empirical wavelet transform (EWT), and variational mode decomposition (VMD) were exploited for the acquisition of 2D scalograms from 1D data. The research evaluates the effect of multiple factors, including noisy versus denoised scalograms, different optimizers, learning rates, single versus dual channels, model size, and computational time consumption. The benchmark Bern-Barcelona EEG dataset is used for testing purpose. Results obtained show that the combination of MobileNetV2, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Adam optimizer at a learning rate of 10-4, coupled with dual-data channels, provides the best performance metrics. Specifically, these parameters result in optimal sensitivity, specificity, f1-score, and classification accuracy, with respective values of 96.06%, 96.15%, 96.08%, and 96.10%. To further corroborate the efficacy of opted pretrained models on exploited Signal Decomposition (SD) algorithms, the classifiers are also being simulated on Temple University database at pinnacle modeling composition. A similar pattern in the outcome readily validate the findings of our study and robustness of deep learning models on epilepsy EEG scalograms.The conclusions drawn emphasize the potential of pretrained CNN-based models to create a robust, automated system for diagnosing epileptiform. Furthermore, the study offers insights into the effectiveness of varying time-frequency techniques and classifier parameters for classifying epileptic EEG data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Jamil
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710000, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Zulkifal Aziz
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710000, People's Republic of China
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7
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Duehnen IM, Vogel S, Alexander N, Muehlhan M, Löw A, Jacobsen T, Wendt M. Flexible processing of distractor stimuli under stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10824. [PMID: 38734701 PMCID: PMC11088623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute stress is assumed to affect executive processing of stimulus information, although extant studies have yielded heterogeneous findings. The temporal flanker task, in which a target stimulus is preceded by a distractor of varying utility, offers a means of investigating various components involved in the adjustment of information processing and conflict control. Both behavioral and EEG data obtained with this task suggest stronger distractor-related response activation in conditions associated with higher predictivity of the distractor for the upcoming target. In two experiments we investigated distractor-related processing and conflict control after inducing acute stress (Trier Social Stress Test). Although the stressed groups did not differ significantly from unstressed control groups concerning behavioral markers of attentional adjustment (i.e., Proportion Congruent Effect), or event-related sensory components in the EEG (i.e., posterior P1 and N1), the lateralized readiness potential demonstrated reduced activation evoked by (predictive) distractor information under stress. Our results suggest flexible adjustment of attention under stress but hint at decreased usage of nominally irrelevant stimulus information for biasing response selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke M Duehnen
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Vogel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Muehlhan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Löw
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobsen
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mike Wendt
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Hense A, Peters A, Bruchmann M, Dellert T, Straube T. Electrophysiological correlates of sustained conscious perception. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10593. [PMID: 38719939 PMCID: PMC11078977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research on the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) in visual perception revealed an early event-related potential (ERP), the visual awareness negativity (VAN), to be associated with stimulus awareness. However, due to the use of brief stimulus presentations in previous studies, it remains unclear whether awareness-related negativities represent a transient onset-related response or correspond to the duration of a conscious percept. Studies are required that allow prolonged stimulus presentation under aware and unaware conditions. The present ERP study aimed to tackle this challenge by using a novel stimulation design. Male and female human participants (n = 62) performed a visual task while task-irrelevant line stimuli were presented in the background for either 500 or 1000 ms. The line stimuli sometimes contained a face, which needed so-called visual one-shot learning to be seen. Half of the participants were informed about the presence of the face, resulting in faces being perceived by the informed but not by the uninformed participants. Comparing ERPs between the informed and uninformed group revealed an enhanced negativity over occipitotemporal electrodes that persisted for the entire duration of stimulus presentation. Our results suggest that sustained visual awareness negativities (SVAN) are associated with the duration of stimulus presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Hense
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Antje Peters
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Torge Dellert
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany
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9
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Kaube H, Abdel Rahman R. Art perception is affected by negative knowledge about famous and unknown artists. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8143. [PMID: 38584222 PMCID: PMC10999426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The biographies of some celebrated artists are marked by accounts that paint a far from beautiful portrait. Does this negative-social knowledge influence the aesthetic experience of an artwork? Does an artist's fame protect their paintings from such an influence? We present two preregistered experiments examining the effect of social-emotional biographical knowledge about famous and unknown artists on the reception and perception of their paintings, using aesthetic ratings and neurocognitive measures. In Experiment 1, paintings attributed to artists characterised by negative biographical information were liked less, evoked greater feelings of arousal and were judged lower in terms of quality, than paintings by artists associated with neutral information. No modulation of artist renown was found. Experiment 2 fully replicated these behavioural results and revealed that paintings by artists associated with negative social-emotional knowledge also elicited enhanced early brain activity related to visual perception (P1) and early emotional arousal (early posterior negativity; EPN). Together, the findings suggest that negative knowledge about famous artists can shape not only explicit aesthetic evaluations, but may also penetrate the perception of the artwork itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kaube
- Department of Psychology, Neurocognitive Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rasha Abdel Rahman
- Department of Psychology, Neurocognitive Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Dien J. Multi-Algorithm Artifact Correction (MAAC) procedure part one: Algorithm and example. Biol Psychol 2024; 188:108775. [PMID: 38499226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The Multi-Algorithm Artifact Correction (MAAC) procedure is presented for electroencephalographic (EEG) data, as made freely available in the open-source EP Toolkit (Dien, 2010). First the major EEG artifact correction methods (regression, spatial filters, principal components analysis, and independent components analysis) are reviewed. Contrary to the dominant approach of picking one method that is thought to be most effective, this review concludes that none are globally superior, but rather each has strengths and weaknesses. Then each of the major artifact types are reviewed (Blink, Corneo-Retinal Dipole, Saccadic Spike Potential, and Movement). For each one, it is proposed that one of the major correction methods is best matched to address it, resulting in the MAAC procedure. The MAAC itself is then presented, as implemented in the EP Toolkit, in order to provide a sense of the user experience. The primary goal of this present paper is to make the conceptual argument for the MAAC approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dien
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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11
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Ille N, Nakao Y, Yano S, Taura T, Ebert A, Bornfleth H, Asagi S, Kozawa K, Itabashi I, Sato T, Sakuraba R, Tsuda R, Kakisaka Y, Jin K, Nakasato N. Ongoing EEG artifact correction using blind source separation. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 158:149-158. [PMID: 38219404 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) for epileptic spike and seizure detection or brain-computer interfaces can be severely hampered by the presence of artifacts. The aim of this study is to describe and evaluate a fast automatic algorithm for ongoing correction of artifacts in continuous EEG recordings, which can be applied offline and online. METHODS The automatic algorithm for ongoing correction of artifacts is based on fast blind source separation. It uses a sliding window technique with overlapping epochs and features in the spatial, temporal and frequency domain to detect and correct ocular, cardiac, muscle and powerline artifacts. RESULTS The approach was validated in an independent evaluation study on publicly available continuous EEG data with 2035 marked artifacts. Validation confirmed that 88% of the artifacts could be removed successfully (ocular: 81%, cardiac: 84%, muscle: 98%, powerline: 100%). It outperformed state-of-the-art algorithms both in terms of artifact reduction rates and computation time. CONCLUSIONS Fast ongoing artifact correction successfully removed a good proportion of artifacts, while preserving most of the EEG signals. SIGNIFICANCE The presented algorithm may be useful for ongoing correction of artifacts, e.g., in online systems for epileptic spike and seizure detection or brain-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Suguru Asagi
- Clinical Physiological Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kanoko Kozawa
- Clinical Physiological Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Izumi Itabashi
- Clinical Physiological Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sato
- Clinical Physiological Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rie Sakuraba
- Clinical Physiological Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rie Tsuda
- Clinical Physiological Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kakisaka
- Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Jin
- Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Nakasato
- Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Spiering L, Dimigen O. (Micro)saccade-related potentials during face recognition: A study combining EEG, eye-tracking, and deconvolution modeling. Atten Percept Psychophys 2024:10.3758/s13414-024-02846-1. [PMID: 38296873 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Under natural viewing conditions, complex stimuli such as human faces are typically looked at several times in succession, implying that their recognition may unfold across multiple eye fixations. Although electrophysiological (EEG) experiments on face recognition typically prohibit eye movements, participants still execute frequent (micro)saccades on the face, each of which generates its own visuocortical response. This finding raises the question of whether the fixation-related potentials (FRPs) evoked by these tiny gaze shifts also contain psychologically valuable information about face processing. Here, we investigated this question by corecording EEG and eye movements in an experiment with emotional faces (happy, angry, neutral). Deconvolution modeling was used to separate the stimulus ERPs to face onset from the FRPs generated by subsequent microsaccades-induced refixations on the face. As expected, stimulus ERPs exhibited typical emotion effects, with a larger early posterior negativity (EPN) for happy/angry compared with neutral faces. Eye tracking confirmed that participants made small saccades in 98% of the trials, which were often aimed at the left eye of the stimulus face. However, while each saccade produced a strong response over visual areas, this response was unaffected by the face's emotional expression, both for the first and for subsequent (micro)saccades. This finding suggests that the face's affective content is rapidly evaluated after stimulus onset, leading to only a short-lived sensory enhancement by arousing stimuli that does not repeat itself during immediate refixations. Methodologically, our work demonstrates how eye tracking and deconvolution modeling can be used to extract several brain responses from each EEG trial, providing insights into neural processing at different latencies after stimulus onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Spiering
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Olaf Dimigen
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Ludyga S, Gerber M, Herold F, Schwarz A, Looser VN, Hanke M. Cortical hemodynamics and inhibitory processing in preadolescent children with low and high physical activity. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100438. [PMID: 38226004 PMCID: PMC10788801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Preadolescent children undergo developmental changes in inhibitory control. Maintenance of high levels of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) has been suggested to promote its maturation. We compared inhibitory control between children with low and high MVPA as well as their inhibitory processing stream and changes in cortical hemodynamics. Method 109 participants aged 10 to 13 years wore accelerometers over 7 days. Those with MVPA levels of 30 min/d or less and 60 min/d or more further performed a computerized Stroop Color-Word task. Electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy were used to record changes in inhibitory processing and cortical hemodynamics, respectively. Results An interaction of MVPA group and sex indicated better interference in highly-active boys, but the opposite pattern in girls. Independent from sex, the high compared to low MVPA group showed greater P300 and PSW amplitudes, whereas no group differences were found for N200, N450, and changes in cortical hemodynamics. Conclusion Children with high MVPA differ from their less-active peers by a distinct inhibitory processing profile, which is characterized by altered allocation of attentional resources and conflict resolution. However, these alterations do not necessarily translate into better performance, especially since MVPA is linked with higher inhibitory control in boys only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Herold
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anja Schwarz
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vera Nina Looser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hanke
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Eiserbeck A, Enge A, Rabovsky M, Abdel Rahman R. Distrust before first sight? Examining knowledge- and appearance-based effects of trustworthiness on the visual consciousness of faces. Conscious Cogn 2024; 117:103629. [PMID: 38150782 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The present EEG study with 32 healthy participants investigated whether affective knowledge about a person influences the visual awareness of their face, additionally considering the impact of facial appearance. Faces differing in perceived trustworthiness based on appearance were associated with negative or neutral social information and shown as target stimuli in an attentional blink task. As expected, participants showed enhanced awareness of faces associated with negative compared to neutral social information. On the neurophysiological level, this effect was connected to differences in the time range of the early posterior negativity (EPN)-a component associated with enhanced attention and facilitated processing of emotional stimuli. The findings indicate that the social-affective relevance of a face based on emotional knowledge is accessed during a phase of attentional enhancement for conscious perception and can affect prioritization for awareness. In contrast, no clear evidence for influences of facial trustworthiness during the attentional blink was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eiserbeck
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Science of Intelligence, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexander Enge
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Research Group Learning in Early Childhood, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Rasha Abdel Rahman
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Science of Intelligence, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Ludyga S, Hanke M, Schwarz A, Leuenberger R, Bruggisser F, Looser VN, Gerber M. The Association of Physical Activity and Stress-induced Neurocognitive Impairments in Inhibitory Control in Children. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2024; 8:24705470241261581. [PMID: 38868504 PMCID: PMC11168053 DOI: 10.1177/24705470241261581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Evaluation stress can impair inhibitory control, limiting the ability of children to perform cognitively. However, evidence on protective factors is lacking as stress-induced cognitive impairments are poorly understood. High physical activity has been related to better inhibitory control and has the potential to buffer the response to a stressor. We investigated the association of physical activity and stress-induced changes in inhibitory control as well as its underlying cognitive control processes (i.e., conflict monitoring and resolution). Method Participants (10 to 13 y) with either low (N = 55) or high moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (N = 55) completed the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) and a control task in a randomized order. During both conditions, salivary cortisol was collected. Additionally, a computerized Stroop task was administered before and after the experimental conditions. The N200 and positive slow wave (PSW) components of event-related potentials elicited by the Stroop task were recorded using electroencephalography. Results In comparison to the control task, the TSST-C elicited a pre-to post-test decrease of accuracy on incompatible trials. Path-analyses further revealed that this decrease was related to low physical activity and a reduced PSW amplitude. However, both the N200 and PSW amplitudes did not mediate the relation between physical activity groups and performance on the Stroop task. Conclusion In children, evaluation stress decreases inhibitory control partly due to a reduced effectiveness of conflict resolution processes. Only children with high physical activity maintain inhibitory control after facing the stressor. However, this protective effect cannot be attributed to changes in conflict monitoring and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hanke
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Schwarz
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Leuenberger
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Bruggisser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vera Nina Looser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Springer SD, Okelberry HJ, Willett MP, Johnson HJ, Meehan CE, Schantell M, Embury CM, Rempe MP, Wilson TW. Age-related alterations in the oscillatory dynamics serving verbal working memory processing. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14574-14590. [PMID: 38154102 PMCID: PMC10781444 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a foundational cognitive function involving the temporary storage of information. Unfortunately, WM is also one of the most sensitive cognitive functions to the detrimental effects of aging. Expanding the field's understanding of age-related WM changes is critical to advancing the development of strategies to mitigate age-related WM declines. In the current study, we investigated the neural mechanisms serving WM function in seventy-eight healthy aging adults (range: 20.2-65.2 years) using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a Sternberg WM task with letter stimuli. Neural activity during the different phases of the WM task (i.e., encoding, maintenance, and retrieval) were imaged using a time-frequency resolved beamformer and whole-brain statistics were performed. We found stronger increases in theta activity and stronger decreases in alpha and beta activity (i.e., more negative relative to baseline) as a function of healthy aging. Specifically, age-related increases in theta activity were detected during the encoding period in the primary visual and left prefrontal cortices. Additionally, alpha and beta oscillations were stronger (i.e., more negative) during both encoding and maintenance in the left prefrontal cortex in older individuals. Finally, alpha and beta oscillations during the retrieval phase were stronger (i.e., more negative) in older participants within the prefrontal, parietal, and temporal cortices. Together, these results indicate that healthy aging strongly modulates the neural oscillatory dynamics serving WM function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D. Springer
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hannah J. Okelberry
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Madelyn P. Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hallie J. Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chloe E. Meehan
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Christine M. Embury
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Maggie P. Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
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17
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Pastötter B, Frings C. Prestimulus alpha power signals attention to retrieval. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4328-4340. [PMID: 37936521 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The human brain is in distinct processing modes at different times. Specifically, a distinction can be made between encoding and retrieval modes, which refer to the brain's state when it is storing new information or searching for old information, respectively. Recent research proposed the idea of a "ready-to-encode" mode, which describes a prestimulus effect in brain activity that signals (external) attention to encoding and predicts subsequent memory performance. Whether there is also a corresponding "ready-to-retrieve" mode in human brain activity is currently unclear. In this study, we examined whether prestimulus oscillations can be linked to (internal) attention to retrieval. We show that task cues to prepare for retrieval (or testing) in comparison with restudy of previously studied vocabulary word pairs led to a significant decrease of prestimulus alpha power just before the onset of word stimuli. Beamformer analysis localized this effect in the right secondary visual cortex (Brodmann area 18). Correlation analysis showed that the task cue-induced, prestimulus alpha power effect is positively related to stimulus-induced alpha/beta power, which in turn predicted participants' memory performance. The results are consistent with the idea that prestimulus alpha power signals internal attention to retrieval, which promotes the elaborative processing of episodic memories. Future research on brain-computer interfaces may find the findings interesting regarding the potential of using online measures of fluctuating alpha oscillations to trigger the presentation and sequencing of restudy and testing trials, ultimately enhancing instructional learning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Pastötter
- Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
- Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ICAN), University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Christian Frings
- Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
- Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (ICAN), University of Trier, Trier, Germany
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18
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Picci G, Ott LR, Penhale SH, Taylor BK, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Okelberry HJ, Wang Y, Calhoun VD, Stephen JM, Wilson TW. Developmental changes in endogenous testosterone have sexually-dimorphic effects on spontaneous cortical dynamics. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6043-6054. [PMID: 37811842 PMCID: PMC10619376 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from childhood to adolescence is associated with an influx of sex hormones, which not only facilitates physical and behavioral changes, but also dramatic changes in neural circuitry. While previous work has shown that pubertal hormones modulate structural and functional brain development, few of these studies have focused on the impact that such hormones have on spontaneous cortical activity, and whether these effects are modulated by sex during this critical developmental window. Herein, we examined the effect of endogenous testosterone on spontaneous cortical activity in 71 typically-developing youth (ages 10-17 years; 32 male). Participants completed a resting-state magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recording, structural MRI, and provided a saliva sample for hormone analysis. MEG data were source-reconstructed and the power within five canonical frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) was computed. The resulting power spectral density maps were analyzed via vertex-wise ANCOVAs to identify spatially specific effects of testosterone and sex by testosterone interactions, while covarying out age. We found robust sex differences in the modulatory effects of testosterone on spontaneous delta, beta, and gamma activity. These interactions were largely confined to frontal cortices and exhibited a stark switch in the directionality of the correlation from the low (delta) to high frequencies (beta/gamma). For example, in the delta band, greater testosterone related to lower relative power in prefrontal cortices in boys, while the reverse pattern was found for girls. These data suggest testosterone levels are uniquely related to the development of spontaneous cortical dynamics during adolescence, and such levels are associated with different developmental patterns in males and females within regions implicated in executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Lauren R. Ott
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Samantha H. Penhale
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Brittany K. Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Hallie J. Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Madelyn P. Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Hannah J. Okelberry
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
| | - Yu‐Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of TechnologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research HospitalBoys TownNebraskaUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & NeuroscienceCreighton UniversityOmahaNebraskaUSA
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19
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Schindler S, Vormbrock R, Helming H, Straube T. Dissociating different temporal stages of emotional word processing by feature-based attention. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16860. [PMID: 37803129 PMCID: PMC10558521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative emotional content is prioritized across different stages of information processing as reflected by different components of the event-related potential (ERP). In this preregistered study (N = 40), we investigated how varying the attentional focus allows us to dissociate the involvement of specific ERP components in the processing of negative and neutral words. Participants had to discriminate the orientation of lines overlaid onto the words, the word type (adjective/noun), or the emotional content (negative/neutral). Thus, attention was either not focused on words (distraction task), non-emotional aspects, or the emotional relevance of words. Regardless of the task, there were no significant differences between negative and neutral words for the P1, N1, or P2 components. In contrast, interactions between emotion and task were observed for the early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP). EPN differences were absent during the distraction task but were present in the other two tasks. LPP emotion differences were found only when attention was directed to the emotional content of words. Our study adds to the evidence that early ERP components do not reliably separate negative and neutral words. However, results show that mid-latency and late stages of emotion processing are separable by different attention tasks. The EPN represents a stage of attentional enhancement of negative words given sufficient attentional resources. Differential activations during the LPP stage are associated with more elaborative processing of the emotional meaning of words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Ria Vormbrock
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hanne Helming
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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20
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Kang H, Auksztulewicz R, Chan CH, Cappotto D, Rajendran VG, Schnupp JWH. Cross-modal implicit learning of random time patterns. Hear Res 2023; 438:108857. [PMID: 37639922 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Perception is sensitive to statistical regularities in the environment, including temporal characteristics of sensory inputs. Interestingly, implicit learning of temporal patterns in one modality can also improve their processing in another modality. However, it is unclear how cross-modal learning transfer affects neural responses to sensory stimuli. Here, we recorded neural activity of human volunteers using electroencephalography (EEG), while participants were exposed to brief sequences of randomly timed auditory or visual pulses. Some trials consisted of a repetition of the temporal pattern within the sequence, and subjects were tasked with detecting these trials. Unknown to the participants, some trials reappeared throughout the experiment across both modalities (Transfer) or only within a modality (Control), enabling implicit learning in one modality and its transfer. Using a novel method of analysis of single-trial EEG responses, we showed that learning temporal structures within and across modalities is reflected in neural learning curves. These putative neural correlates of learning transfer were similar both when temporal information learned in audition was transferred to visual stimuli and vice versa. The modality-specific mechanisms for learning of temporal information and general mechanisms which mediate learning transfer across modalities had distinct physiological signatures: temporal learning within modalities relied on modality-specific brain regions while learning transfer affected beta-band activity in frontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- HiJee Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryszard Auksztulewicz
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chi Hong Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Drew Cappotto
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R; UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vani G Rajendran
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, NM
| | - Jan W H Schnupp
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R.
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21
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Eiserbeck A, Maier M, Baum J, Abdel Rahman R. Deepfake smiles matter less-the psychological and neural impact of presumed AI-generated faces. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16111. [PMID: 37752242 PMCID: PMC10522659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality AI-generated portraits ("deepfakes") are becoming increasingly prevalent. Understanding the responses they evoke in perceivers is crucial in assessing their societal implications. Here we investigate the impact of the belief that depicted persons are real or deepfakes on psychological and neural measures of human face perception. Using EEG, we tracked participants' (N = 30) brain responses to real faces showing positive, neutral, and negative expressions, after being informed that they are either real or fake. Smiling faces marked as fake appeared less positive, as reflected in expression ratings, and induced slower evaluations. Whereas presumed real smiles elicited canonical emotion effects with differences relative to neutral faces in the P1 and N170 components (markers of early visual perception) and in the EPN component (indicative of reflexive emotional processing), presumed deepfake smiles showed none of these effects. Additionally, only smiles presumed as fake showed enhanced LPP activity compared to neutral faces, suggesting more effortful evaluation. Negative expressions induced typical emotion effects, whether considered real or fake. Our findings demonstrate a dampening effect on perceptual, emotional, and evaluative processing of presumed deepfake smiles, but not angry expressions, adding new specificity to the debate on the societal impact of AI-generated content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eiserbeck
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Science of Intelligence, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Maier
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Science of Intelligence, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Julia Baum
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rasha Abdel Rahman
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Science of Intelligence, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Cappotto D, Luo D, Lai HW, Peng F, Melloni L, Schnupp JWH, Auksztulewicz R. "What" and "when" predictions modulate auditory processing in a mutually congruent manner. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1180066. [PMID: 37781257 PMCID: PMC10540699 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1180066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracting regularities from ongoing stimulus streams to form predictions is crucial for adaptive behavior. Such regularities exist in terms of the content of the stimuli and their timing, both of which are known to interactively modulate sensory processing. In real-world stimulus streams such as music, regularities can occur at multiple levels, both in terms of contents (e.g., predictions relating to individual notes vs. their more complex groups) and timing (e.g., pertaining to timing between intervals vs. the overall beat of a musical phrase). However, it is unknown whether the brain integrates predictions in a manner that is mutually congruent (e.g., if "beat" timing predictions selectively interact with "what" predictions falling on pulses which define the beat), and whether integrating predictions in different timing conditions relies on dissociable neural correlates. Methods To address these questions, our study manipulated "what" and "when" predictions at different levels - (local) interval-defining and (global) beat-defining - within the same stimulus stream, while neural activity was recorded using electroencephalogram (EEG) in participants (N = 20) performing a repetition detection task. Results Our results reveal that temporal predictions based on beat or interval timing modulated mismatch responses to violations of "what" predictions happening at the predicted time points, and that these modulations were shared between types of temporal predictions in terms of the spatiotemporal distribution of EEG signals. Effective connectivity analysis using dynamic causal modeling showed that the integration of "what" and "when" predictions selectively increased connectivity at relatively late cortical processing stages, between the superior temporal gyrus and the fronto-parietal network. Discussion Taken together, these results suggest that the brain integrates different predictions with a high degree of mutual congruence, but in a shared and distributed cortical network. This finding contrasts with recent studies indicating separable mechanisms for beat-based and memory-based predictive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Cappotto
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hiu Wai Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lucia Melloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Ryszard Auksztulewicz
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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23
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D'Agostini M, Burger AM, Jelinčić V, von Leupoldt A, Van Diest I. Effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on P300 magnitudes and salivary alpha-amylase during an auditory oddball task. Biol Psychol 2023; 182:108646. [PMID: 37481230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive neurostimulation technique that is thought to modulate noradrenergic activity. Previous studies have demonstrated inconsistent effects of taVNS on noradrenergic activity, which is possibly due to insufficient statistical power, suboptimal stimulation parameter settings, and data collection procedures. In this preregistered within-subject experiment, 44 healthy participants received taVNS and sham (earlobe) stimulation during two separate experimental sessions. Stimulation intensity was individually calibrated to the maximum level below pain. During each session, participants received the stimulation continuously ten minutes before an auditory novelty oddball task till the end of the experimental session. The P3b component of the event-related potential served as a marker of phasic noradrenergic activity, whereas P3a magnitude was explored as an index of dopaminergic activity. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) was measured as an index of tonic noradrenergic activity before and at the end of the stimulation. The taVNS and sham conditions did not differ in P3a or P3b magnitudes, nor sAA secretion. These findings call into question whether taVNS, administered continuously at high, nonpainful stimulation intensities, reliably augments noradrenergic activity via the vagus nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina D'Agostini
- Health Psychology Research Group, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102/3726, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Andreas M Burger
- Health Psychology Research Group, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102/3726, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Valentina Jelinčić
- Health Psychology Research Group, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102/3726, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Andreas von Leupoldt
- Health Psychology Research Group, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102/3726, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Diest
- Health Psychology Research Group, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102/3726, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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24
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Newton‐Fenner A, Hewitt D, Henderson J, Fallon N, Gu Y, Gorelkina O, Giesbrecht T, Stancak A. A comparison of reward processing during Becker-DeGroot-Marschak and Vickrey auctions: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14313. [PMID: 37076995 PMCID: PMC10909440 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Vickrey auctions (VA) and Becker-DeGroot-Marschak auctions (BDM) are strategically equivalent demand-revealing mechanisms, differentiated only by a human opponent in the VA, and a random-number-generator opponent in the BDM. Game parameters are such that players are incentivized to reveal their private subjective values (SV) and behavior should be identical in both tasks. However, this has been repeatedly shown not to be the case. In this study, the neural correlates of outcome feedback processing during VA and BDM were directly compared using electroencephalography. Twenty-eight healthy participants bid for household products which were then divided into high- and low-SV categories. The VA included a human opponent deception to induce a social environment, while in reality a random-number-generator was used in both tasks. A P3 component peaking at 336 ms over midline parietal sites showed more positive amplitudes for high bid values, and for win outcomes in the VA but not the BDM. Both auctions also elicited a Reward Positivity potential, maximal at 275 ms along the central midline electrodes, that was not modulated by auction task or SV. Further, an exploratory N170 potential in the right occipitotemporal electrodes and a vertex positive potential component were stronger in the VA relative to the BDM. Results point to an enhanced cortical response to bid outcomes during VA task in a potential component associated with emotional control, and to the occurrence of face-sensitive potentials in VA but not in BDM auction. These findings suggest modulation of bid outcome processing by the social-competitive aspect of auction tasks. Directly comparing two prominent auction paradigms affords the opportunity to isolate the impact of social environment on competitive, risky decision-making. Findings suggest that feedback processing as early as 176 ms is facilitated by the presence of a human competitor, and later processing is modulated by social context and subjective value.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Newton‐Fenner
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Institute of Risk and UncertaintyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - D. Hewitt
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - J. Henderson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - N. Fallon
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Y. Gu
- Management SchoolUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Henley Business SchoolUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - O. Gorelkina
- Management SchoolUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | - A. Stancak
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Institute of Risk and UncertaintyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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25
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Petro NM, Picci G, Embury CM, Ott LR, Penhale SH, Rempe MP, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Wang YP, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Doucet GE, Wilson TW. Developmental differences in functional organization of multispectral networks. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9175-9185. [PMID: 37279931 PMCID: PMC10505424 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing brain connectivity during rest has become a widely used approach to identify changes in functional brain organization during development. Generally, previous works have demonstrated that brain activity shifts from more local to more distributed processing from childhood into adolescence. However, the majority of those works have been based on functional magnetic resonance imaging measures, whereas multispectral functional connectivity, as measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG), has been far less characterized. In our study, we examined spontaneous cortical activity during eyes-closed rest using MEG in 101 typically developing youth (9-15 years old; 51 females, 50 males). Multispectral MEG images were computed, and connectivity was estimated in the canonical delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands using the imaginary part of the phase coherence, which was computed between 200 brain regions defined by the Schaefer cortical atlas. Delta and alpha connectivity matrices formed more communities as a function of increasing age. Connectivity weights predominantly decreased with age in both frequency bands; delta-band differences largely implicated limbic cortical regions and alpha band differences in attention and cognitive networks. These results are consistent with previous work, indicating the functional organization of the brain becomes more segregated across development, and highlight spectral specificity across different canonical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Petro
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
| | - Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Christine M Embury
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
| | - Lauren R Ott
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Samantha H Penhale
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maggie P Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Hallie J Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
| | - Madelyn P Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gaelle E Doucet
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
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26
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Brockhoff L, Elias EA, Bruchmann M, Schindler S, Moeck R, Straube T. The effects of visual perceptual load on detection performance and event-related potentials to auditory stimuli. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120080. [PMID: 37011716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Load Theory states that perceptual load prevents, or at least reduces, the processing of task-unrelated stimuli. This study systematically examined the detection and neural processing of auditory stimuli unrelated to a visual foreground task. The visual task was designed to create continuous perceptual load, alternated between low and high load, and contained performance feedback to motivate participants to focus on the visual task instead of the auditory stimuli presented in the background. The auditory stimuli varied in intensity, and participants signaled their subjective perception of these stimuli without receiving feedback. Depending on stimulus intensity, we observed load effects on detection performance and P3 amplitudes of the event-related potential (ERP). N1 amplitudes were unaffected by perceptual load, as tested by Bayesian statistics. Findings suggest that visual perceptual load affects the processing of auditory stimuli in a late time window, which is associated with a lower probability of reported awareness of these stimuli.
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27
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Bruchmann M, Fahnemann K, Schindler S, Busch NA, Straube T. Early neural potentiation to centrally and peripherally presented fear-conditioned faces. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14215. [PMID: 36331158 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
For humans, it is vitally important to rapidly detect and process threatening signals regardless of whether stimuli occur at fixation or in the periphery. However, it is unknown whether eccentricity affects early neuronal electrophysiological responses to fear-conditioned stimuli. We examined early event-related potentials (ERPs) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) to fear-conditioned faces to address this question. Participants (N = 80) were presented with faces, either paired with an aversive (CS+) or neutral sound (CS-), at central or peripheral positions. We ensured constant central fixation using online eye-tracking but directed attention to either centrally or peripherally presented faces. Manipulation checks showed successful fear-conditioning (i.e., on average lower ratings in valence and higher ratings in arousal and perceived threat) and successful shifts of visuospatial attention indexed by high task performance and pre-stimulus alpha lateralization of the EEG spectra. We observed a generally increased P1 to fear-conditioned faces regardless of presentation location. An N170 difference between fear-conditioned and neutral stimuli was found but was restricted to the central location and depended on the effectivity of fear-conditioning. A similar effect was observed for the early posterior negativity (EPN). Trait anxiety was not related to differential ERP responses to CS+ versus CS- faces for any ERP component. These findings suggest that the P1 indexes early responses to centrally and peripherally presented fear-conditioned faces. Subsequent stages are modulated by the spatial location of the stimuli. This suggests different stages of neural processing of fear-conditioned faces depending on their spatial location. Finally, our results question the hypothesis that trait anxiety in healthy participants is related to altered visual processing of fear-conditioned faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kristin Fahnemann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Niko A Busch
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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28
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Bruchmann M, Mertens L, Schindler S, Straube T. Potentiated early neural responses to fearful faces are not driven by specific face parts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4613. [PMID: 36944705 PMCID: PMC10030637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prioritized processing of fearful compared to neutral faces is reflected in increased amplitudes of components of the event-related potential (ERP). It is unknown whether specific face parts drive these modulations. Here, we investigated the contributions of face parts on ERPs to task-irrelevant fearful and neutral faces using an ERP-dependent facial decoding technique and a large sample of participants (N = 83). Classical ERP analyses showed typical and robust increases of N170 and EPN amplitudes by fearful relative to neutral faces. Facial decoding further showed that the absolute amplitude of these components, as well as the P1, was driven by the low-frequency contrast of specific face parts. However, the difference between fearful and neutral faces was not driven by any specific face part, as supported by Bayesian statistics. Furthermore, there were no correlations between trait anxiety and main effects or interactions. These results suggest that increased N170 and EPN amplitudes to task-irrelevant fearful compared to neutral faces are not driven by specific facial regions but represent a holistic face processing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Léa Mertens
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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29
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Brockhoff L, Vetter L, Bruchmann M, Schindler S, Moeck R, Straube T. The effects of visual working memory load on detection and neural processing of task-unrelated auditory stimuli. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4342. [PMID: 36927846 PMCID: PMC10020478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While perceptual load has been proposed to reduce the processing of task-unrelated stimuli, theoretical arguments and empirical findings for other forms of task load are inconclusive. Here, we systematically investigated the detection and neural processing of auditory stimuli varying in stimulus intensity during a stimuli-unrelated visual working memory task alternating between low and high load. We found, depending on stimulus strength, decreased stimulus detection and reduced P3, but unaffected N1 amplitudes of the event-related potential to auditory stimuli under high as compared to low load. In contrast, load independent awareness effects were observed during both early (N1) and late (P3) time windows. Findings suggest a late neural effect of visual working memory load on auditory stimuli leading to lower probability of reported awareness of these stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brockhoff
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Laura Vetter
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Moeck
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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30
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Salvari V, Korth D, Paraskevopoulos E, Wollbrink A, Ivansic D, Guntinas-Lichius O, Klingner C, Pantev C, Dobel C. Tinnitus-frequency specific activity and connectivity: A MEG study. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103379. [PMID: 36933347 PMCID: PMC10031544 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus pathophysiology has been associated with an atypical cortical network that involves functional changes in auditory and non-auditory areas. Numerous resting-state studies have replicated a tinnitus brain network to be significantly different from healthy-controls. Yet it is still unknown whether the cortical reorganization is attributed to the tinnitus frequency specifically or if it is frequency-irrelevant. Employing magnetoencephalography (MEG), the current study aimed to identify frequency-specific activity patterns by using an individual tinnitus tone (TT) and a 500 Hz-control tone (CT) as auditory stimuli, across 54 tinnitus patients. MEG data were analyzed in a data-driven approach employing a whole-head model in source space and in sources' functional connectivity. Compared to the CT, the event related source space analysis revealed a statistically significant response to TT involving fronto-parietal regions. The CT mainly involved typical auditory activation-related regions. A comparison of the cortical responses to a healthy control group that underwent the same paradigm rejected the alternative interpretation that the frequency-specific activation differences were due to the higher frequency of the TT. Overall, the results suggest frequency-specificity of tinnitus-related cortical patterns. In line with previous studies, we demonstrated a tinnitus-frequency specific network comprising left fronto-temporal, fronto-parietal and tempo-parietal junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Salvari
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, P.C. D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniela Korth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, P.C. D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Evangelos Paraskevopoulos
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.C. 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, P.C. CY 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Wollbrink
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, P.C. D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniela Ivansic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, P.C. D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, P.C. D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Klingner
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, D-07747 Jena Germany
| | - Christo Pantev
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, P.C. D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Dobel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, P.C. D-07747 Jena, Germany
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31
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Springer SD, Erker TD, Schantell M, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Okelberry HJ, Rempe MP, Wilson TW. Disturbances in primary visual processing as a function of healthy aging. Neuroimage 2023; 271:120020. [PMID: 36914104 PMCID: PMC10123380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, visual entrainment paradigms have been widely used to investigate basic visual processing in healthy individuals and those with neurological disorders. While healthy aging is known to be associated with alterations in visual processing, whether this extends to visual entrainment responses and the precise cortical regions involved is not fully understood. Such knowledge is imperative given the recent surge in interest surrounding the use of flicker stimulation and entrainment in the context of identifying and treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the current study, we examined visual entrainment in eighty healthy aging adults using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a 15 Hz entrainment paradigm, while controlling for age-related cortical thinning. MEG data were imaged using a time-frequency resolved beamformer and peak voxel time series were extracted to quantify the oscillatory dynamics underlying the processing of the visual flicker stimuli. We found that, as age increased, the mean amplitude of entrainment responses decreased and the latency of these responses increased. However, there was no effect of age on the trial-to-trial consistency in phase (i.e., inter-trial phase locking) nor amplitude (i.e., coefficient of variation) of these visual responses. Importantly, we discovered that the relationship between age and response amplitude was fully mediated by the latency of visual processing. These results indicate that aging is associated with robust changes in the latency and amplitude of visual entrainment responses within regions surrounding the calcarine fissure, which should be considered in studies examining neurological disorders such as AD and other conditions associated with increased age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Springer
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tara D Erker
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hallie J Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Madelyn P Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Hannah J Okelberry
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Maggie P Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
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32
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Vormbrock R, Bruchmann M, Menne L, Straube T, Schindler S. Testing stimulus exposure time as the critical factor of increased EPN and LPP amplitudes for fearful faces during perceptual distraction tasks. Cortex 2023; 160:9-23. [PMID: 36680924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fearful facial expressions are prioritized across different information processing stages, as evident in early, intermediate, and late components of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Recent studies showed that, in contrast to early N170 modulations, mid-latency (Early Posterior Negativity, EPN) and late (Late Positive Potential, LPP) emotional modulations depend on the attended perceptual feature. Nevertheless, several studies reported significant differences between emotional and neutral faces for the EPN or LPP components during distraction tasks. One cause for these conflicting findings might be that when faces are presented sufficiently long, participants attend to task-irrelevant features of the faces. In this registered report, we tested whether the presentation duration of faces is the critical factor for differences between reported emotional modulations during perceptual distraction tasks. To this end, 48 participants were required to discriminate the orientation of lines overlaid onto fearful or neutral faces, while face presentation varied (100 msec, 300 msec, 1,000 msec, 2,000 msec). While participants did not need to pay attention to the faces, we observed main effects of emotion for the EPN and LPP, but no interaction between emotion and presentation duration. Of note, unregistered exploratory tests per presentation duration showed no significant EPN and LPP emotion differences during short durations (100 and 300 msec) but significant differences with longer durations. While the presentation duration seems not to be a critical factor for EPN and LPP emotion effects, future studies are needed to investigate the role of threshold effects and the applied analytic designs to explain conflicting findings in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Vormbrock
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Lucas Menne
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany.
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33
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Grahek I, Frömer R, Prater Fahey M, Shenhav A. Learning when effort matters: neural dynamics underlying updating and adaptation to changes in performance efficacy. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2395-2411. [PMID: 35695774 PMCID: PMC9977373 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine how much cognitive control to invest in a task, people need to consider whether exerting control matters for obtaining rewards. In particular, they need to account for the efficacy of their performance-the degree to which rewards are determined by performance or by independent factors. Yet it remains unclear how people learn about their performance efficacy in an environment. Here we combined computational modeling with measures of task performance and EEG, to provide a mechanistic account of how people (i) learn and update efficacy expectations in a changing environment and (ii) proactively adjust control allocation based on current efficacy expectations. Across 2 studies, subjects performed an incentivized cognitive control task while their performance efficacy (the likelihood that rewards are performance-contingent or random) varied over time. We show that people update their efficacy beliefs based on prediction errors-leveraging similar neural and computational substrates as those that underpin reward learning-and adjust how much control they allocate according to these beliefs. Using computational modeling, we show that these control adjustments reflect changes in information processing, rather than the speed-accuracy tradeoff. These findings demonstrate the neurocomputational mechanism through which people learn how worthwhile their cognitive control is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Grahek
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, & Psychological Sciences, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Box 1821, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Romy Frömer
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, & Psychological Sciences, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Box 1821, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Mahalia Prater Fahey
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, & Psychological Sciences, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Box 1821, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Amitai Shenhav
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, & Psychological Sciences, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Box 1821, Providence, RI 02912, United States
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34
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Gogna Y, Tiwari S, Singla R. Towards a versatile mental workload modeling using neurometric indices. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2023:bmt-2022-0479. [PMID: 36668677 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have been working to magnify mental workload (MWL) modeling for a long time. An important aspect of its modeling is feature selection as it interprets bulky and high-dimensional EEG data and enhances the accuracy of the classification model. In this study, a feature selection technique is proposed to obtain an optimized feature set with multiple domain features that can contribute to classifying the MWL at three distinct levels. The brain signals from thirteen healthy subjects were examined while they attended an intrinsic MWL of spotting differences in a set of similar pictures. The Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) technique selects the robust features from the feature matrix by eliminating all the least contributing features. Along with the Support Vector Machine (SVM), the overall classification accuracy with the proposed RFE reached 0.913 from 0.791 surpassing the other techniques mentioned. The results of the study also significantly display the variation in the mean values of the selected features at the three workload levels (p<0.05). This model can become the principle for defining the workload level quantification applicable to diverse fields like neuroergonomics study, intelligent assistive devices (ADs) development, blue-chip technology exploration, cognitive evaluation of students, power plant operators, traffic operators, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Gogna
- ICE Department, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar NIT Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Sheela Tiwari
- ICE Department, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar NIT Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Singla
- ICE Department, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar NIT Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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Making movies of children's cortical electrical potentials: A practical procedure for dynamic source localization analysis with validating simulation. BRAIN MULTIPHYSICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brain.2023.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Kaube H, Eiserbeck A, Abdel Rahman R. Separating art from the artist: The effect of negative affective knowledge on ERPs and aesthetic experience. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281082. [PMID: 36719879 PMCID: PMC9888721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Some artists do terrible things. But does knowing something bad about an artist affect the way we perceive the work? Despite increased public interest, this question has yet to be addressed empirically. In this pre-registered study, we used aesthetic ratings and electrophysiological brain responses to shed light on the issue. We found that paintings of artists associated with negative-social biographical knowledge were liked less and found more arousing than paintings of artists associated with neutral information. Such paintings also elicited an enhanced brain response associated with fast and reflexive processing of emotional stimuli (early posterior negativity; EPN). Evaluations of quality and later, more controlled brain responses (late positive potential; LPP) were not affected. Reflecting the complexity of aesthetic experience, this pattern of results became more differentiated when the visual relatedness between the contents of the painting and the artist-related information was taken into account. Overall, our findings suggest that emotional aspects involved in art reception are not spontaneously separated from the artist, whilst evaluative judgments and more elaborate processing may be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kaube
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Eiserbeck
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rasha Abdel Rahman
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Plaska CR, Ortega J, Gomes BA, Ellmore TM. Interhemispheric Connectivity Supports Load-Dependent Working Memory Maintenance for Complex Visual Stimuli. Brain Connect 2022; 12:892-904. [PMID: 35473394 PMCID: PMC9807256 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: One manipulation used to study the neural basis of working memory (WM) is to vary the information load at encoding, then measure activity and connectivity during maintenance in the delay period. A hallmark finding is increased delay activity and connectivity between frontoparietal brain regions with increased load. Most WM studies, however, employ simple stimuli during encoding and unfilled intervals during the delay. In this study, we asked how delay period activity and connectivity change during low and high load maintenance of complex stimuli. Methods: Twenty-two participants completed a modified Sternberg WM task with two or five naturalistic scenes as stimuli during scalp electroencephalography (EEG). On each trial, the delay was filled with phase-scrambled scenes to provide a visual perceptual control with similar color and spatial frequency as presented during encoding. Functional connectivity during the delay was assessed by the phase-locking value (PLV). Results: Results showed reduced theta/alpha delay activity amplitude during high compared with low WM load across frontal, central, and parietal sources. A network with higher connectivity during low load consisted of increased PLV between (1) left frontal and right posterior temporal sources in the theta/alpha bands, (2) right anterior temporal and left central sources in the alpha and lower beta bands, and (3) left anterior temporal and posterior temporal sources in the theta, alpha, and lower beta bands. Discussion: The findings suggest a role for interhemispheric connectivity during WM maintenance of complex stimuli with load modulation when limited attentional resources are essential for filtering. Impact statement The patterns of brain connectivity subserving working memory (WM) have largely been investigated to date using simple stimuli, including letters, digits, and shapes and during unfilled WM delay intervals. Fewer studies describe functional connectivity changes during the maintenance of more naturalistic stimuli in the presence of distractors. In the present study, we employed a scene-based WM task during electroencephalography in healthy humans and found that during low-load WM maintenance with distractors increased interhemispheric connectivity in frontotemporal networks. These findings suggest a role for increased interhemispheric connectivity during maintenance of complex stimuli when attentional resources are essential for filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Reichert Plaska
- The Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jefferson Ortega
- The Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Timothy M. Ellmore
- The Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Address correspondence to: Timothy M. Ellmore, Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, North Academic Center, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
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Rempe MP, Lew BJ, Embury CM, Christopher-Hayes NJ, Schantell M, Wilson TW. Spontaneous sensorimotor beta power and cortical thickness uniquely predict motor function in healthy aging. Neuroimage 2022; 263:119651. [PMID: 36206940 PMCID: PMC10071137 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous beta activity in the primary motor cortices has been shown to increase in amplitude with advancing age, and that such increases are tightly coupled to stronger motor-related beta oscillations during movement planning. However, the relationship between these age-related changes in spontaneous beta in the motor cortices, local cortical thickness, and overall motor function remains unclear. METHODS We collected resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG), high-resolution structural MRI, and motor function scores using a neuropsychological battery from 126 healthy adults (56 female; age range = 22-72 years). MEG data were source-imaged and a whole-brain vertex-wise regression model was used to assess age-related differences in spontaneous beta power across the cortex. Cortical thickness was computed from the structural MRI data and local beta power and cortical thickness values were extracted from the sensorimotor cortices. To determine the unique contribution of age, spontaneous beta power, and cortical thickness to the prediction of motor function, a hierarchical regression approach was used. RESULTS There was an increase in spontaneous beta power with age across the cortex, with the strongest increase being centered on the sensorimotor cortices. Sensorimotor cortical thickness was not related to spontaneous beta power, above and beyond age. Interestingly, both cortical thickness and spontaneous beta power in sensorimotor regions each uniquely contributed to the prediction of motor function when controlling for age. DISCUSSION This multimodal study showed that cortical thickness and spontaneous beta activity in the sensorimotor cortices have dissociable contributions to motor function across the adult lifespan. These findings highlight the complexity of interactions between structure and function and the importance of understanding these interactions in order to advance our understanding of healthy aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie P Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brandon J Lew
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Christine M Embury
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska - Omaha (UNO), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicholas J Christopher-Hayes
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Rathi N, Singla R, Tiwari S. A comparative study of classification methods for designing a pictorial P300-based authentication system. Med Biol Eng Comput 2022; 60:2899-2916. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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40
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Penhale SH, Picci G, Ott LR, Taylor BK, Frenzel MR, Eastman JA, Wang YP, Calhoun VD, Stephen JM, Wilson TW. Impacts of adrenarcheal DHEA levels on spontaneous cortical activity during development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 57:101153. [PMID: 36174268 PMCID: PMC9519481 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) production is closely associated with the first pubertal hormonal event, adrenarche. Few studies have documented the relationships between DHEA and functional brain development, with even fewer examining the associations between DHEA and spontaneous cortical activity during the resting-state. Thus, whether DHEA levels are associated with the known developmental shifts in the brain's idling cortical rhythms remains poorly understood. Herein, we examined spontaneous cortical activity in 71 typically-developing youth (9-16 years; 32 male) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). MEG data were source imaged and the power within five canonical frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) was computed to identify spatially- and spectrally-specific effects of salivary DHEA and DHEA-by-sex interactions using vertex-wise ANCOVAs. Our results indicated robust increases in power with increasing DHEA within parieto-occipital cortices in all frequency bands except alpha, which decreased with increasing DHEA. In the delta band, DHEA and sex interacted within frontal and temporal cortices such that with increasing DHEA, males exhibited increasing power while females showed decreasing power. These data suggest that spontaneous cortical activity changes with endogenous DHEA levels during the transition from childhood to adolescence, particularly in sensory and attentional processing regions. Sexually-divergent trajectories were only observed in later-developing frontal cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha H Penhale
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Lauren R Ott
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michaela R Frenzel
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Jacob A Eastman
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Wen HJ, Liu SH, Tsai CL. Effects of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on neurocognitive performance in obese women. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:291-304. [PMID: 35892114 PMCID: PMC9287612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous studies conducted on the long-term effects of an exercise intervention on deficits in inhibitory control in obese individuals. The aim of this study was thus to examine the effect of 12 weeks of a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise on behavioral and cognitive electrophysiological performance involving cognitive interference inhibition in obese individuals. Methods Thirty-two qualified healthy obese women were randomly divided into either an exercise group (EG, age: 34.76 ± 5.52 years old; BMI: 29.35 ± 3.52 kg/m2) or a control group (CG, age: 33.84 ± 7.05 years old; BMI: 29.61 ± 4.31 kg/m2). All participants performed the Stroop task, with electrophysiological signals being collected simultaneously before and after a 12-week intervention. The estimated V̇O2max, muscular strength, and body fat percentage (measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were also assessed within one week before and after the intervention. Participants in the EG group engaged in 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise, 5 sessions per week for 12 weeks, while the participants in the CG group maintained their regular lifestyle without engaging in any type of exercise. Results The results revealed that although a 12-week exercise intervention did not enhance the behavioral indices [e.g., accuracy rates (ARs) and reaction times (RTs)] in the EG group, significantly shorter N2 and P3 latencies and greater P2 and P3 amplitudes were observed. Furthermore, the fat percentage distribution (e.g. total body fat %, trunk fat %, and leg fat %) and level of physical fitness (e.g. estimated V̇O2max and muscular strength) in the EG group were significantly improved. The changes prior to and after the intervention in the P3 amplitude and trunk fat percentage were significantly negatively correlated in the EG group (r = −0.521, p = 0.039). Conclusions These findings suggested that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise in obese women affects cognitive function broadly, but not specifically in terms of inhibitory control. The percentage of decreased trunk fat may play a potential facilitating role in inhibition processing in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Jhen Wen
- Physical Education Center, College of Education and Communication, Tzu Chi University, 97004, Hualien, Taiwan
- Sports Medicine Center, Tzu Chi Hospital, 97004, Hualien, Taiwan
- Corresponding author.. Physical Education Center, College of Education and Communication, Tzu Chi University, 97004, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hsin Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan. Sports Medicine Center, Tzu Chi Hospital, 97004, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institution of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
- Corresponding author.
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No trait anxiety influences on early and late differential neuronal responses to aversively conditioned faces across three different tasks. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE, & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1157-1171. [PMID: 35352267 PMCID: PMC9458573 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-00998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe human brain's ability to quickly detect dangerous stimuli is crucial in selecting appropriate responses to possible threats. Trait anxiety has been suggested to moderate these processes on certain processing stages. To dissociate such different information-processing stages, research using classical conditioning has begun to examine event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to fear-conditioned (CS +) faces. However, the impact of trait anxiety on ERPs to fear-conditioned faces depending on specific task conditions is unknown. In this preregistered study, we measured ERPs to faces paired with aversive loud screams (CS +) or neutral sounds (CS −) in a large sample (N = 80) under three different task conditions. Participants had to discriminate face-irrelevant perceptual information, the gender of the faces, or the CS category. Results showed larger amplitudes in response to aversively conditioned faces for all examined ERPs, whereas interactions with the attended feature occurred for the P1 and the early posterior negativity (EPN). For the P1, larger CS + effects were observed during the perceptual distraction task, while the EPN was increased for CS + faces when deciding about the CS association. Remarkably, we found no significant correlations between ERPs and trait anxiety. Thus, fear-conditioning potentiates all ERP amplitudes, some processing stages being further modulated by the task. However, the finding that these ERP differences were not affected by individual differences in trait anxiety does not support theoretical accounts assuming increased threat processing or reduced threat discrimination depending on trait anxiety.
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Peng R, Zhao C, Jiang J, Kuang G, Cui Y, Xu Y, Du H, Shao J, Wu D. TIE-EEGNet: Temporal Information Enhanced EEGNet for Seizure Subtype Classification. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:2567-2576. [PMID: 36063519 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3204540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) based seizure subtype classification is very important in clinical diagnostics. However, manual seizure subtype classification is expensive and time-consuming, whereas automatic classification usually needs a large number of labeled samples for model training. This paper proposes an EEGNet-based slim deep neural network, which relieves the labeled data requirement in EEG-based seizure subtype classification. A temporal information enhancement module with sinusoidal encoding is used to augment the first convolution layer of EEGNet. A training strategy for automatic hyper-parameter selection is also proposed. Experiments on the public TUSZ dataset and our own CHSZ dataset with infants and children demonstrated that our proposed TIE-EEGNet outperformed several traditional and deep learning models in cross-subject seizure subtype classification. Additionally, it also achieved the best performance in a challenging transfer learning scenario. Both our code and the CHSZ dataset are publicized.
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Kissler J, Hauswald A. Different ways to forget: Electrophysiological mechanisms underlying item-method directed forgetting of angry and neutral faces. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:957227. [PMID: 36187380 PMCID: PMC9519987 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.957227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional stimuli, including faces, receive preferential processing and are consequently better remembered than neutral stimuli. Therefore, they may also be more resistant to intentional forgetting. The present study investigates the behavioral and electrophysiological consequences of instructions to selectively remember or forget angry and neutral faces. In an item-method directed forgetting experiment, angry and neutral faces were randomly presented to 25 student participants (4 males). Each face was followed by an instruction to either forget or remember it and the participants’ EEG was recorded. Later, recognition memory was unexpectedly tested for all items. Behaviorally, both hit and false alarm rates were higher for angry alike than for neutral faces. Directed forgetting occurred for neutral and angry faces as reflected in a reduction of both recognition accuracy and response bias. Event-related potentials revealed a larger late positive potential (LPP, 450 – 700 ms) for angry than for neutral faces during face presentation and, in line with selective rehearsal of remember items, a larger LPP following remember than forget cues. Forget cues generally elicited a larger frontal N2 (280 – 400 ms) than remember cues, in line with the forget instruction eliciting conflict monitoring and inhibition. Selectively following angry faces, a larger cue-evoked P2 (180 – 280 ms) was observed. Notably, forget cues following angry faces elicited a larger late frontal positivity (450 - 700 ms) potentially signaling conflict resolution. Thus, whereas both angry and neutral faces are subject to directed forgetting, on a neural level, different mechanisms underlie the effect. While directed forgetting for neutral faces may be achieved primarily by selective rehearsal, directed forgetting of angry faces involves an additional late frontal positivity, likely reflecting higher cognitive demands imposed by forgetting angry faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kissler
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Center of Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- *Correspondence: Johanna Kissler,
| | - Anne Hauswald
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Ellmore TM, Reichert Plaska C, Ng K, Mei N. Visual continuous recognition reveals behavioral and neural differences for short- and long-term scene memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:958609. [PMID: 36187377 PMCID: PMC9520405 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.958609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have a remarkably high capacity and long duration memory for complex scenes. Previous research documents the neural substrates that allow for efficient categorization of scenes from other complex stimuli like objects and faces, but the spatiotemporal neural dynamics underlying scene memory at timescales relevant to working and longer-term memory are less well understood. In the present study, we used high density EEG during a visual continuous recognition task in which new, old, and scrambled scenes consisting of color outdoor photographs were presented at an average rate 0.26 Hz. Old scenes were single repeated presentations occurring within either a short-term (< 20 s) or longer-term intervals of between 30 s and 3 min or 4 and 10 min. Overall recognition was far above chance, with better performance at shorter- than longer-term intervals. Sensor-level ANOVA and post hoc pairwise comparisons of event related potentials (ERPs) revealed three main findings: (1) occipital and parietal amplitudes distinguishing new and old from scrambled scenes; (2) frontal amplitudes distinguishing old from new scenes with a central positivity highest for hits compared to misses, false alarms and correct rejections; and (3) frontal and parietal changes from ∼300 to ∼600 ms distinguishing among old scenes previously encountered at short- and longer-term retention intervals. These findings reveal how distributed spatiotemporal neural changes evolve to support short- and longer-term recognition of complex scenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Ellmore
- Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chelsea Reichert Plaska
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth Ng
- Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ning Mei
- Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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Ahmed Mahmutoglu M, Rupp A, Naumgärtner U. Simultaneous EEG/MEG yields complementary information of nociceptive evoked responses. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 143:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Epilepsy Detection Based on Riemann Potato in Noisy Environment. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:8311249. [PMID: 35706511 PMCID: PMC9192297 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8311249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy detection based on electroencephalogram (EEG) is important for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. The existing feature extraction method not only consumes a lot of time but also leads to epilepsy information loss because of nonideal denoising. Therefore, the paper proposes to use noisy EEG signals to detect epilepsy. The original EEG signal is divided into normal signal and abnormal signal by Riemann potato, and the epilepsy detection model is established based on the normal signal and abnormal signal, respectively. Finally, the 2 detection results are combined as a final result. The detection performance of 94.84%, 83.03% sensitivity, and 97.67% specificity is achieved. The experimental results show that the original noisy signal which is separated by the Riemann potato can have high epilepsy detection performance.
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Schindler S, Richter TS, Bruchmann M, Busch NA, Straube T. Effects of task load, spatial attention, and trait anxiety on neuronal responses to fearful and neutral faces. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14114. [PMID: 35652518 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate on how different components of the event-related potential (ERP) to threat-related facial expressions are modulated by attentional conditions and interindividual differences in trait anxiety. In the current study (N = 80), we examined ERPs to centrally presented, task-irrelevant fearful and neutral faces, while participants had to solve a face-unrelated visual task, which differed in difficulty and spatial position. Critically, we used a fixation-controlled experimental design and ensured the spatial attention manipulation by spectral analysis of the EEG. Besides the factors emotion, spatial attention, and perceptual load, we also investigated correlations between trait anxiety and ERPs. While P1 emotion effects were insignificant, the N170 was increased to fearful faces regardless of load and spatial attention conditions. During the EPN time window, a significantly increased negativity for fearful faces was observed only during low load and spatial attention to the face. We found no significant relationship between ERPs and trait anxiety, questioning the hypothesis of a general hypersensitivity toward fearful expressions in anxious individuals. These results show a high resistance of the N170 amplitude increase for fearful faces to spatial attention and task load manipulations. By contrast, the EPN modulation by fearful faces index a resource-dependent stage of the ERP, requiring both spatial attention at the location of faces and low load of the face-irrelevant task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa Sofie Richter
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Niko A Busch
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Psychology, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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49
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Petro NM, Ott L, Penhale S, Rempe M, Embury C, Picci G, Wang YP, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Wilson TW. Eyes-closed versus eyes-open differences in spontaneous neural dynamics during development. Neuroimage 2022; 258:119337. [PMID: 35636737 PMCID: PMC9385211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Assessing brain activity during rest has become a widely used approach in developmental neuroscience. Extant literature has measured resting brain activity both during eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, but the difference between these conditions has not yet been well characterized. Studies, limited to fMRI and EEG, have suggested that eyes-open versus -closed conditions may differentially impact neural activity, especially in visual cortices. Methods: Spontaneous cortical activity was recorded using MEG from 108 typically developing youth (9-15 years-old; 55 female) during separate sessions of eyes-open and eyes-closed rest. MEG source images were computed, and the strength of spontaneous neural activity was estimated in the canonical delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands, respectively. Power spectral density maps for eyes-open were subtracted from eyes-closed rest, and then submitted to vertex-wise regression models to identify spatially specific differences between conditions and as a function of age and sex. Results: Relative alpha power was weaker in the eyes-open compared to -closed condition, but otherwise eyes-open was stronger in all frequency bands, with differences concentrated in the occipital cortex. Relative theta power became stronger in the eyes-open compared to the eyes-closed condition with increasing age in frontal cortex. No differences were observed between males and females. Conclusions: The differences in relative power from eyes-closed to -open conditions are consistent with changes observed in task-based visual sensory responses. Age differences occurred in relatively late developing frontal regions, consistent with canonical attention regions, suggesting that these differences could be reflective of developmental changes in attention processes during puberty. Taken together, resting-state paradigms using eyes-open versus -closed produce distinct results and, in fact, can help pinpoint sensory related brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Petro
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Lauren Ott
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Samantha Penhale
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Maggie Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Christine Embury
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
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50
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Lassen J, Oranje B, Vestergaard M, Foldager M, Kjaer TW, Arnfred S, Aggernaes B. Reduced mismatch negativity in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder is associated with their impaired adaptive functioning. Autism Res 2022; 15:1469-1481. [PMID: 35545929 PMCID: PMC9546157 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Children and adolescents on the autism spectrum display sensory disturbances, rigid and repetitive behavior, social communication problems and a high prevalence of impaired adaptive functioning. Autism is associated with slowed behavioral and neural habituation to repeated sensory input and decreased responses to sensory deviations. Mismatch negativity (MMN) reflects a pre‐attentive difference in the neural response to sensory deviations relative to regularities and studies overall suggest that children and adolescents with autism tend to have smaller MMN. However, it remains unclear whether reduced MMN in autism is coupled to severity of specific autistic symptoms or more generally to lower level of adaptive functioning. To address these questions, the present study used electroencephalography (EEG) to assess whether auditory MMN in 59 children and adolescents with autism aged 7–14 years compared to 59 typically developing children and adolescents were related to specific autistic symptoms or level in adaptive functioning. As hypothesized, the autism group had a lower MMN amplitude than controls. Smaller MMN amplitudes were specifically associated with lower adaptive functioning in the autistic subjects but not in controls while no apparent relationships were observed with autistic‐like social interaction and communication problems, atypical language, rigidity, stereotypy or sensory sensitivity symptoms. Our findings indicate that a blunted response to changes in sensory input may underlie or contribute to the generalized difficulties with adapting to daily life circumstances seen in children and adolescents with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lassen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bob Oranje
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Martin Vestergaard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Malene Foldager
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels W Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sidse Arnfred
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Denmark, Research Unit for Psychotherapy & Psychopathology, Mental Health Service West, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Bodil Aggernaes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark.,PP Clinic Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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