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Gonzalez-Hernandez G, Krallinger M, Muñoz M, Rodriguez-Esteban R, Uzuner Ö, Hirschman L. Challenges and opportunities for mining adverse drug reactions: perspectives from pharma, regulatory agencies, healthcare providers and consumers. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6682867. [PMID: 36050787 PMCID: PMC9436770 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring drug safety is a central concern throughout the drug life cycle. Information about toxicity and adverse events is generated at every stage of this life cycle, and stakeholders have a strong interest in applying text mining and artificial intelligence (AI) methods to manage the ever-increasing volume of this information. Recognizing the importance of these applications and the role of challenge evaluations to drive progress in text mining, the organizers of BioCreative VII (Critical Assessment of Information Extraction in Biology) convened a panel of experts to explore ‘Challenges in Mining Drug Adverse Reactions’. This article is an outgrowth of the panel; each panelist has highlighted specific text mining application(s), based on their research and their experiences in organizing text mining challenge evaluations. While these highlighted applications only sample the complexity of this problem space, they reveal both opportunities and challenges for text mining to aid in the complex process of drug discovery, testing, marketing and post-market surveillance. Stakeholders are eager to embrace natural language processing and AI tools to help in this process, provided that these tools can be demonstrated to add value to stakeholder workflows. This creates an opportunity for the BioCreative community to work in partnership with regulatory agencies, pharma and the text mining community to identify next steps for future challenge evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gonzalez-Hernandez
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , 700 N. San Vicente Blvd., West Hollywood, CA 90069, USA
| | - Martin Krallinger
- Life Sciences—Text Mining, Barcelona Supercomputing Center , Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Monica Muñoz
- Division of Pharmacovigilance, Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center of Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA , 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Raul Rodriguez-Esteban
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceuticals , Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Özlem Uzuner
- Information Sciences and Technology, George Mason University , 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Lynette Hirschman
- MITRE Labs, The MITRE Corporation , 202 Burlington Rd., Bedford, MA 01730, USA
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2
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Bitar Z, Haddad C, Obeid S, Hallit S. Treatment satisfaction and its association with anxiety, depression and fear of COVID-19 among Lebanese inpatients with schizophrenia. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2021; 19:2364. [PMID: 34621448 PMCID: PMC8455125 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2021.3.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The patient’s evaluation of treatment and its associated outcomes
define the treatment satisfaction. The quality of treatment satisfaction and
healthcare service has been affected by depression, anxiety and fear of the
current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objective: Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors associated with treatment
satisfaction among Lebanese inpatients with schizophrenia, namely
depression, anxiety and fear of COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November 2020,
enrolled 118 patients with chronic schizophrenia consecutively admitted to
Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Lebanon. The Functional Assessment of
Chronic Illness Therapy-Treatment Satisfaction-Patient Satisfaction Scale
(FACIT-TS-PS) was used to assess treatment satisfaction, the Lebanese
Anxiety Scale -10 (LAS-10) was used to assess anxiety, Montgomery-Asberg
Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) to assess depression and the Fear of
COVID-19 Scale to assess the level of fear of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The mean scores of the scales were as follows: treatment satisfaction (65.20;
SD 16.11; median=71), LAS-10 (13.65; SD 6.02), MADRS (9.09; SD 6.69) and
fear of COVID-19 (18.59; SD 6.78). Higher depression (r= -0.46,
p<0.001) was significantly associated with lower treatment
satisfaction. Female gender (beta=7.51, p=0.029) was significantly
associated with higher treatment satisfaction score. Fear of COVID-19 did
not show any significant association with the treatment satisfaction
score. Conclusions: Results of this study found that depression and gender were associated with
treatment satisfaction among inpatients with schizophrenia. No association
has been found between fear of COVID-19 and treatment satisfaction among
those patients. More research is warranted to evaluate treatment
satisfaction and associated factors among chronic inpatients with
schizophrenia, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to
improve treatment satisfaction and subjective well-being of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Bitar
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University. Beirut (Lebanon).
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross. Jal Eddib (Lebanon).
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK). Jounieh (Lebanon).
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK). Jounieh (Lebanon).
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Shymko G, Grace T, Jolly N, Dobson L, Hacking D, Parmar A, Kapi P, Waters F. Weight gain and metabolic screening in young people with early psychosis on long acting injectable antipsychotic medication (aripiprazole vs paliperidone). Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:787-793. [PMID: 32715655 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Long-acting injectable (LAI)antipsychotics are often used in psychosis to assist with medication compliance and relapse prevention, although the weight gain and metabolic effects in young people are yet to be examined. This study examined the long-term effects of aripiprazole and paliperidone in LAI formulation on weight gain and metabolic parameters in young people with early episode psychosis. METHODS Weight gain and other metabolic effects of aripiprazole and paliperidone in LAI formulation were examined in 59 young people with early episode psychosis over a 12-month period. Changes in outcome measurements were examined at baseline and 3 monthly intervals. RESULTS The results showed that both aripiprazole and paliperidone were associated with time-dependent increases in weight. At 12 months, weight increased by an average of 7% (6 kg) with both aripiprazole and paliperidone relative to the baseline, and the percentage of overweight or obese people increased from 33% to 60%. There was no advantage of aripiprazole compared to paliperidone with regards to weight change, although aripiprazole was associated with lower triglycerides and prolactin levels. CONCLUSIONS Both LAI medications were associated with substantial weight increases over time. These results build on emerging evidence showing that aripiprazole is not weight neutral in young people. Our recommendation is that weight-management programs should be offered from the start of medication initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Shymko
- Black Swan Health, headspace Early Psychosis, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,South Metropolitan Health Service, Peel and Rockingham Kwinana (PaRK) Mental Health Service, Rockingham, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Terina Grace
- Black Swan Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole Jolly
- Black Swan Health, headspace Early Psychosis, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Louise Dobson
- Black Swan Health, headspace Early Psychosis, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Hacking
- Black Swan Health, headspace Early Psychosis, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Arti Parmar
- Black Swan Health, headspace Early Psychosis, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,South Metropolitan Health Service, Peel and Rockingham Kwinana (PaRK) Mental Health Service, Rockingham, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Puanna Kapi
- Black Swan Health, headspace Early Psychosis, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Flavie Waters
- Black Swan Health, headspace Early Psychosis, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Clinical Research Centre, North Metropolitan Health Service Mental Health, Graylands Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Ragesh G, Ganjekar S, Thippeswamy H, Desai G, Hamza A, Chandra PS. Feasibility, Acceptability and Usage Patterns of a 24-Hour Mobile Phone Helpline Service for Women Discharged from a Mother-Baby Psychiatry Unit (MBU) in India. Indian J Psychol Med 2020; 42:530-534. [PMID: 33354078 PMCID: PMC7735230 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620954148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For women with perinatal mental illness, phone helplines may be a useful way of accessing help. This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, limitations, and usage patterns of a helpline service for mothers discharged from a mother-baby psychiatry unit. METHODS Mothers discharged from a mother baby unit during an 18-month period were provided with a helpline number. A social worker answered the calls. Details of the calls, including the reasons and the interventions provided, were recorded. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed by calling all users and nonusers. Satisfaction with the helpline was recorded among users, and reasons for not calling were assessed among nonusers. RESULTS Among 113 mothers, 51 (45%) made 248 calls. Calls were regarding medication, sleep problems, planning pregnancies, symptom exacerbation, appointments, and suicidal ideation. Some calls were related to domestic violence (n = 13, 5.24%), and infant health and breastfeeding (n = 11, 4.44%). Seventy-six (67%, 44 callers and 32 noncallers) were contacted. The majority (41/44) of the callers found it useful: 91% said they got help, and 95% said they would recommend it to others. However, language difficulties (9%) and technical problems (5%) were reported. Among the noncallers, the majority reported having experienced no problem related to mental health or had contacted a doctor. However, of the noncallers, one woman died of suicide, did not have access to a phone, and the family did not choose to call. CONCLUSIONS Helpline phone service appears to be feasible and acceptable and can be adapted in other mother-baby psychiatry units in low and middle-income countries. However, in some women, the nonavailability of a phone may be a limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ragesh
- Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Govt. Medical College campus, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Sundarnag Ganjekar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Harish Thippeswamy
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Geetha Desai
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ameer Hamza
- Retd Additional Professor, Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabha S Chandra
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Changes in weight and weight-related quality of life in a multicentre, randomized trial of aripiprazole versus standard of care. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 23:561-6. [PMID: 18374544 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThis is a secondary analysis of clinical trial data collected in 12 European countries. We examined changes in weight and weight-related quality of life among community patients with schizophrenia treated with aripiprazole (ARI) versus standard of care (SOC), consisting of other marketed atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone).MethodFive-hundred and fifty-five patients whose clinical symptoms were not optimally controlled and/or experienced tolerability problems with current medication were randomized to ARI (10–30 mg/day) or SOC. Weight and weight-related quality of life (using the IWQOL-Lite) were assessed at baseline, and weeks 8, 18 and 26. Random regression analysis across all time points using all available data was used to compare groups on changes in weight and IWQOL-Lite. Meaningful change from baseline was also assessed.ResultsParticipants were 59.7% male, with a mean age of 38.5 years (SD 10.9) and mean baseline body mass index of 27.2 (SD 5.1). ARI participants lost an average of 1.7% of baseline weight in comparison to a gain of 2.1% by SOC participants (p < 0.0001) at 26 weeks. ARI participants experienced significantly greater increases in physical function, self-esteem, sexual life, and IWQOL-Lite total score. At 26 weeks, 20.7% of ARI participants experienced meaningful improvements in IWQOL-Lite score, versus 13.5% of SOC participants. A clinically meaningful change in weight was also associated with a meaningful change in quality of life (p < 0.001). A potential limitation of this study was its funding by a pharmaceutical company.ConclusionsCompared to standard of care, patients with schizophrenia treated with aripiprazole experienced decreased weight and improved weight-related quality of life over 26 weeks. These changes were both statistically and clinically significant.
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Hui CLM, Wong AKH, Leung WWT, Lee EHM, Chan SKW, Chang WC, Chen EYH, Chan TCT, Swapna V, Tagata H, Tsujino N, Nemoto T, Mizuno M, Kang NI, Kim SW, Chung YC. Psychiatrists' opinion towards medication discontinuation in remitted first-episode psychosis: A multi-site study of the Asian Network for Early Psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:1329-1337. [PMID: 30485671 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study investigated psychiatrists' views towards the issue of medication discontinuation for patients in remission from first-episode psychosis in four countries (Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Japan) that are part of the Asian Network for Early Psychosis, focusing on whether the views of these countries differ with one another. METHODS A questionnaire was distributed to psychiatrists for completion. The questionnaire contained three sections: direct questions probing at views on medication discontinuation, case vignettes to assess applied decision-making and a checklist of criteria psychiatrists may view as necessary for the patient to satisfy before discontinuation. Total of 484 psychiatrists (97 from Hong Kong, 88 from Korea, 64 from Singapore and 233 from Japan) completed the questionnaire. RESULTS We found that (a) Asian psychiatrists believed that 1% to 19% of remitted patients can discontinue medication, an estimation that was lower than Western psychiatrists; (b) in agreement with clinical guidelines, Asian psychiatrists believed that patients should remain on medication for at least 1 to 2 years following the absence of psychotic symptoms; (c) "Absence of any relapsing episode following first episode" was considered the most important criterion when making a decision; and (d) there were significant differences in clinicians' perceptions across the four countries: for instance, Korean psychiatrists were more conservative with the duration of antipsychotics maintenance, while Singaporean psychiatrists were more open-minded towards clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS Culture and social norms appear to determine the relative importance of factors that psychiatrists might consider during the decision-making process, thereby producing variations in the views held in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy L-M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Andreas K-H Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Whitty W-T Leung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Edwin H-M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sherry K-W Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wing-Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Eric Y-H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tommy C-T Chan
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Verma Swapna
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Hiromi Tagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohisa Tsujino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Mizuno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nam-In Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Maeumsarang Hospital, Wanju, Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Mindlink and Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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7
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Abstract
UNLABELLED IntroductionDespite consistently high discontinuation rates due to withdrawal of consent (WOC) and insufficient therapeutic effect (ITE) in schizophrenia trials, insight into the underlying factors contributing to poor satisfaction with treatment and dropout is limited. A better understanding of these factors could help to improve trial design and completion rates. METHODS Using data from 1,136 trial participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, we explored associations between predictor variables with (1) dropout due to WOC and ITE and (2) satisfaction with treatment among patients and investigators by means of hierarchic multiple regression analyses. RESULTS ITE was associated with poor clinical improvement, poor investigator satisfaction with treatment, and poor patient insight into their own disease, whereas WOC only showed a meaningful association with poor patient satisfaction with treatment. Investigator satisfaction with treatment appeared most strongly associated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive factor endpoint scores, whereas patient satisfaction with treatment was best predicted by the endpoint score on the PANSS emotional distress factor. The occurrence of severe side effects showed no meaningful association to satisfaction with treatment among investigators and patients, and neither did a patient's experienced psychopathology, nor their self-rating of functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS Whereas trial discontinuation due to ITE is associated with poor treatment effectiveness, a patient's decision to withdraw from an antipsychotic trial remains unpredictable and may occur even when the investigator observes a global clinical improvement and is satisfied with the treatment.
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Souaiby L, Kazour F, Zoghbi M, Bou Khalil R, Richa S. Sexual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and its association with adherence to antipsychotic medication. J Ment Health 2019; 29:623-630. [PMID: 30862199 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2019.1581333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Antipsychotic-induced sexual dysfunction is a common complaint among patients with psychotic disorders. However, few papers have discussed its impact on treatment adherence.Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of antipsychotic induced sexual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and assess its impact on treatment adherence.Methods: Nighty-five outpatients treated with antipsychotics for at least four weeks were recruited. Sexual dysfunction was assessed using a questionnaire inspired from the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale and the Psychotropic-Related Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire (PRSexDQ). An Arabic version of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) was used to assess treatment adherence.Results: The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 57.9%, of which 65.5% attributed it to treatment. Reduced desire was the mostly reported sexual dysfunction in males and females. Number, dose and duration of antipsychotics were not associated with sexual dysfunction. MARS score was associated with the presence of sexual dysfunction (p = 0.0001) and its attribution to antipsychotic medication (p = 0.0003), the latter being an independent associated variable (p = 0.001).Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction is prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder treated with antipsychotic drugs. Clinicians should ask about sexual dysfunction and discuss its different causes with patients in order to improve adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Souaiby
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Hotel-Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - François Kazour
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Marouan Zoghbi
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Department of Family Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rami Bou Khalil
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Hotel-Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sami Richa
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Hotel-Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
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Verma M, Bhargav H, Varambally S, Raghuram N, Bn G. Effect of integrated yoga on anti-psychotic induced side effects and cognitive functions in patients suffering from schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 16:jcim-2017-0155. [PMID: 29944467 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Twenty one (12 females) subjects, diagnosed with schizophrenia by a psychiatrist using ICD-10, in the ages 52.87 + 9.5 years and suffering since 24.0 ± 3.05 years were recruited into the study from a schizophrenia rehabilitation center in Bengaluru. Methods All subjects were taking anti-psychotic medications and were in stable state for more than a month. Psychiatric medications were kept constant during the study period. Assessments were done at three points of time: (1) baseline, (2) after one month of usual routine (pre) and (3) after five months of validated Integrated Yoga (IY) intervention (post). Validated 1 h Yoga module (consisting of asanas, pranayama, relaxation techniques and chantings) was practiced for 5 months, five sessions per week. Antipsychotic-induced side effects were assessed using Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) and Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) side effect rating scale. Cognitive functions (using Trail making Test A and B), clinical symptoms and anthropometry were assessed as secondary variables. Comparisons between "pre" and "post" data was done using paired samples t-tests after subtracting baseline scores from them respectively. Results At the end of five months, significant reduction in drug-induced Parkinsonian symptoms (SAS score; p=0.001) and 38 items of UKU scale was observed along with significant improvement in processing speed, executive functions and negative symptoms of schizophrenia patients. No side effects of Yoga were reported. Conclusions The present study provides preliminary evidence for usefulness of Integrated Yoga intervention in managing anti-psychotic-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghnath Verma
- School of Yoga and Life Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, No.19, EknathBhavan, Gavipuram circle, Kempegowda Nagar, Bangalore560019, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemant Bhargav
- NIMHANS, Integrate Centre for Yoga, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Lakkasandra, Bengaluru560029, India
| | - Shivarama Varambally
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Lakkasandra, Bengaluru560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagarathna Raghuram
- School of Yoga and Life Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, No.19, EknathBhavan, Gavipuram circle, Kempegowda Nagar, Bangalore560019, Karnataka, India
| | - Gangadhar Bn
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Lakkasandra, Bengaluru560029, Karnataka, India
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Iversen TSJ, Steen NE, Dieset I, Hope S, Mørch R, Gardsjord ES, Jørgensen KN, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Molden E, Jönsson EG. Side effect burden of antipsychotic drugs in real life - Impact of gender and polypharmacy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:263-271. [PMID: 29122637 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotic-associated side effects are well known and represent a significant treatment challenge. Still, few large studies have investigated the overall side effect burden of antipsychotics in real-life settings. OBJECTIVE To describe the occurrence of side effects and perceived burden of antipsychotics in a large naturalistic sample, taking polypharmacy and patient characteristics into account. METHOD Patients (n=1087) with psychotic disorders were assessed for side effects using the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU) side effect rating scale in addition to assessment of clinical and pharmacological data. Statistical analyses were performed controlling for possible confounding factors. RESULTS Use of antipsychotics showed significant associations to neurologic and sexual symptoms, sedation and weight gain, and >75% of antipsychotics-users reported side effects. More side effects were observed in patients using several antipsychotics (p=0.002), with increasing total dose (p=0.021) and with antipsychotics in combinations with other psychotropic drugs. Patients and investigators evaluated the side effect burden differently, particularly related to severity, gender and antipsychotics dose. Twice as many females described side effect burden as severe (p=0.004). CONCLUSION Patients with psychotic disorders have a high occurrence of symptoms associated with use of antipsychotics, and polypharmacy and female gender are seemingly risk factors for reporting a severe side effect burden. Due to the cross-sectional design evaluation of causality is tentative, and these findings should be further investigated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trude Seselie Jahr Iversen
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Drammen District Psychiatric Center, Clinic of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Dieset
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Hope
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurohabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragni Mørch
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend Strand Gardsjord
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Nordbø Jørgensen
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Molden
- Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Mitchell AJ, Selmes T. Why don't patients take their medicine? Reasons and solutions in psychiatry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/apt.bp.106.003194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of a year, about three-quarters of patients prescribed psychotropic medication will discontinue, often coming to the decision themselves and without informing a health professional. Costs associated with unplanned discontinuation may be substantial if left uncorrected. Partial non-adherence (much more common than full discontinuation) can also be detrimental, although some patients rationally adjust their medication regimen without ill-effect. This article reviews the literature on non-adherence, whether intentional or not, and discusses patients' reasons for failure to concord with medical advice, and predictors of and solutions to the problem of non-adherence.
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Nnaji RN, Friedman T. Sexual dysfunction and schizophrenia: psychiatrists' attitudes and training needs. PSYCHIATRIC BULLETIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.bp.107.016162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims and MethodWe conducted a survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of sexual dysfunction and schizophrenia of general adult psychiatrists in Leicestershire and Lincolnshire mental health trusts.ResultsTwo-thirds of psychiatrists that we interviewed do not routinely enquire about sexual dysfunction in their patients and only 17% felt competent in assessing sexual dysfunction, despite 88% agreeing that good sexual function is important to patients. Most practitioners (81.6%) have had no training in this area and wanted some.Clinical ImplicationsSexual dysfunction is underrecognised and possibly under-treated; suggestions on how to address this are made in this paper.
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Lopriore S, LeCouteur A, Ekberg S, Ekberg K. Delivering healthcare at a distance: Exploring the organisation of calls to a health helpline. Int J Med Inform 2017; 104:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Geyt GL, Awenat Y, Tai S, Haddock G. Personal Accounts of Discontinuing Neuroleptic Medication for Psychosis. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2017; 27:559-572. [PMID: 26984364 DOI: 10.1177/1049732316634047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted this study to explore personal accounts of making choices about taking medication prescribed for the treatment of psychosis (neuroleptics). There are costs and benefits associated with continuing and discontinuing neuroleptics. Service users frequently discontinue neuroleptics; therefore, we specifically considered these decisions. We used a grounded theory approach to analyze transcripts from interviews with 12 participants. We present a preliminary grounded theory of the processes involved in making choices about neuroleptic medication. We identified three tasks as important in mediating participants' choices: (a) forming a personal theory of the need for, and acceptability of taking, neuroleptic medication; (b) negotiating the challenges of forming alliances with others; and (c) weaving a safety net to safeguard well-being. Progress in the tasks reflected a developmental trajectory of becoming an expert over time and was influenced by systemic factors. Our findings highlight the importance of developing resources for staff to facilitate service user choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Le Geyt
- 1 University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- 2 North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Sara Tai
- 1 University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Fountoulakis KN, Vieta E, Young A, Yatham L, Grunze H, Blier P, Moeller HJ, Kasper S. The International College of Neuropsychopharmacology (CINP) Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar Disorder in Adults (CINP-BD-2017), Part 4: Unmet Needs in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder and Recommendations for Future Research. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:196-205. [PMID: 27677983 PMCID: PMC5408978 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current fourth paper on the International College of Neuropsychopharmacology guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder reports on the unmet needs that became apparent after an extensive review of the literature and also serves as a conclusion to the project of the International College of Neuropsychopharmacology workgroup. MATERIALS AND METHODS The systematic review of the literature that was performed to develop the International College of Neuropsychopharmacology guidelines for bipolar disorder identified and classified a number of potential shortcomings. RESULTS Problems identified concerned the reliability and validity of the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and especially of bipolar depression. This, in turn, has profound consequences for early detection and correct treatment of the disorder. Another area that needs improvement is the unsatisfactory efficacy and effectiveness of therapeutic options, especially in special populations such as those with mixed features and rapid cycling course. Gender issues and adherence problems constitute an additional challenge. The literature suggests that while treatment providers are concerned more with treatment-related issues, patients and their caregivers worry more about issues pertaining to the availability of services and care, quality of life, and various types of burden. The workgroup identified additional unmet needs related to the current standard of research in bipolar disorder. These include the fragmentation of bipolar disorder into phases that are handled as being almost absolutely independent from each other, and thus the development of an overall therapeutic strategy on the basis of the existing evidence is very difficult. Trials are not always designed in a way that outcomes cover the most important aspects of bipolar disorder, and often the reporting of the results is biased and unsatisfactory. The data on combination treatments and high dosages are sparse, whereas they are common in real world practice. CONCLUSIONS The workgroup endorses the full release of raw study data to the scientific community, and the development of uniform clinical trial standards (also including more realistic outcomes) and the reporting of results. The 2 large appendices summarize the results of this systematic review with regard to the areas of lack of knowledge where further focused research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece; Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Mood Disorders Centre of Excellence, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Psychiatric Department Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eduard Vieta
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece; Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Mood Disorders Centre of Excellence, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Psychiatric Department Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Allan Young
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece; Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Mood Disorders Centre of Excellence, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Psychiatric Department Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lakshmi Yatham
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece; Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Mood Disorders Centre of Excellence, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Psychiatric Department Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Grunze
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece; Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Mood Disorders Centre of Excellence, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Psychiatric Department Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre Blier
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece; Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Mood Disorders Centre of Excellence, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Psychiatric Department Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Jurgen Moeller
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece; Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Mood Disorders Centre of Excellence, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Psychiatric Department Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece; Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Mood Disorders Centre of Excellence, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; The Royal Institute of Mental Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Psychiatric Department Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Dayabandara M, Hanwella R, Ratnatunga S, Seneviratne S, Suraweera C, de Silva VA. Antipsychotic-associated weight gain: management strategies and impact on treatment adherence. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2231-2241. [PMID: 28883731 PMCID: PMC5574691 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is a major management problem for clinicians. It has been shown that weight gain and obesity lead to increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, reduced quality of life and poor drug compliance. This narrative review discusses the propensity of various antipsychotics to cause weight gain, the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions available to counteract this effect and its impact on adherence. Most antipsychotics cause weight gain. The risk appears to be highest with olanzapine and clozapine. Weight increases rapidly in the initial period after starting antipsychotics. Patients continue to gain weight in the long term. Children appear to be particularly vulnerable to antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Tailoring antipsychotics according to the needs of the individual and close monitoring of weight and other metabolic parameters are the best preventive strategies at the outset. Switching to an agent with lesser tendency to cause weight gain is an option, but carries the risk of relapse of the illness. Nonpharmacologic interventions of dietary counseling, exercise programs and cognitive and behavioral strategies appear to be equally effective in individual and group therapy formats. Both nonpharmacologic prevention and intervention strategies have shown modest effects on weight. Multiple compounds have been investigated as add-on medications to cause weight loss. Metformin has the best evidence in this respect. Burden of side effects needs to be considered when prescribing weight loss medications. There is no strong evidence to recommend routine prescription of add-on medication for weight reduction. Heterogeneity of study methodologies and other confounders such as lifestyle, genetic and illness factors make interpretation of data difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raveen Hanwella
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Suhashini Ratnatunga
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Sudarshi Seneviratne
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Chathurie Suraweera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Varuni A de Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Crespo-Facorro B, Pelayo-Teran JM, Mayoral-van Son J. Current Data on and Clinical Insights into the Treatment of First Episode Nonaffective Psychosis: A Comprehensive Review. Neurol Ther 2016; 5:105-130. [PMID: 27553839 PMCID: PMC5130917 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-016-0050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementing the most suitable treatment strategies and making appropriate clinical decisions about individuals with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) is a complex and crucial task, with relevant impact in illness outcome. Treatment approaches in the early stages should go beyond choosing the right antipsychotic drug and should also address tractable factors influencing the risk of relapse. Effectiveness and likely metabolic and endocrine disturbances differ among second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and should guide the choice of the first-line treatment. Clinicians should be aware of the high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in schizophrenia patients, and therefore monitoring weight and metabolic changes across time is mandatory. Behavioral and counseling interventions might be partly effective in reducing weight gain and metabolic disturbances. Ziprasidone and aripiprazole have been described to be least commonly associated with weight gain or metabolic changes. In addition, some of the SGAs (risperidone, amisulpride, and paliperidone) have been associated with a significant increase of plasma prolactin levels. Overall, in cases of FEP, there should be a clear recommendation of using lower doses of the antipsychotic medication. If no or minimal clinical improvement is found after 2 weeks of treatment, such patients may benefit from a change or augmentation of treatment. Clinicians should provide accurate information to patients and relatives about the high risk of relapse if antipsychotics are discontinued, even if patients have been symptom free and functionally recovered on antipsychotic treatment for a lengthy period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla. CIBERSAM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Edificio IDIVAL, planta 2 | Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria, s/n. |, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Jose Maria Pelayo-Teran
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla. CIBERSAM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Edificio IDIVAL, planta 2 | Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria, s/n. |, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Mayoral-van Son
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla. CIBERSAM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Edificio IDIVAL, planta 2 | Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria, s/n. |, 39011, Santander, Spain
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Cooper SJ, Reynolds GP, Barnes T, England E, Haddad PM, Heald A, Holt R, Lingford-Hughes A, Osborn D, McGowan O, Patel MX, Paton C, Reid P, Shiers D, Smith J. BAP guidelines on the management of weight gain, metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular risk associated with psychosis and antipsychotic drug treatment. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:717-48. [PMID: 27147592 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116645254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excess deaths from cardiovascular disease are a major contributor to the significant reduction in life expectancy experienced by people with schizophrenia. Important risk factors in this are smoking, alcohol misuse, excessive weight gain and diabetes. Weight gain also reinforces service users' negative views of themselves and is a factor in poor adherence with treatment. Monitoring of relevant physical health risk factors is frequently inadequate, as is provision of interventions to modify these. These guidelines review issues surrounding monitoring of physical health risk factors and make recommendations about an appropriate approach. Overweight and obesity, partly driven by antipsychotic drug treatment, are important factors contributing to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in people with schizophrenia. There have been clinical trials of many interventions for people experiencing weight gain when taking antipsychotic medications but there is a lack of clear consensus regarding which may be appropriate in usual clinical practice. These guidelines review these trials and make recommendations regarding appropriate interventions. Interventions for smoking and alcohol misuse are reviewed, but more briefly as these are similar to those recommended for the general population. The management of impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance ('pre-diabetes'), diabetes and other cardiovascular risks, such as dyslipidaemia, are also reviewed with respect to other currently available guidelines.These guidelines were compiled following a consensus meeting of experts involved in various aspects of these problems. They reviewed key areas of evidence and their clinical implications. Wider issues relating to primary care/secondary care interfaces are discussed but cannot be resolved within guidelines such as these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Cooper
- Professor of Psychiatry (Emeritus), Queen's University Belfast, UK Clinical Lead for the National Audit of Schizophrenia, Centre for Quality Improvement, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Professor (Emeritus), Queen's University Belfast, UK Honorary Professor of Neuroscience, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Tre Barnes
- Professor of Psychiatry, The Centre for Mental Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E England
- General Practitioner, Laurie Pike Health Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - P M Haddad
- Honorary Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Consultant Psychiatrist, Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - A Heald
- Consultant Physician, Leighton and Macclesfield Hospitals, Cheshire, UK Research Fellow, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rig Holt
- Professor in Diabetes and Endocrinology, Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Lingford-Hughes
- Professor of Addiction Biology, Imperial College, London, UK Consultant Psychiatrist, CNWL NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Osborn
- Professor of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, Division of Psychiatry UCL, London, UK
| | - O McGowan
- Trainee in Psychiatry, Hairmyres Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M X Patel
- Honorary Senior Lecturer, King's College London, IOPPN, Department of Psychosis Studies PO68, London, UK
| | - C Paton
- Chief Pharmacist, Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust, Dartford, UK Joint-Head, Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health, CCQI, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
| | - P Reid
- Policy Manager, Rethink Mental Illness, London, UK
| | - D Shiers
- Primary Care Lead for the National Audit of Schizophrenia, Centre for Quality Improvement, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
| | - J Smith
- Professor of Early Intervention and Psychosis, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
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Lako IM, Taxis K, van den Heuvel ER, Leenaars CHC, Burger H, Wiersma D, Slooff CJ, Knegtering H, Bruggeman R. Altered emotional experiences attributed to antipsychotic medications - A potential link with estimated dopamine D2 receptor occupancy. Psychiatry Res 2016; 236:9-14. [PMID: 26791397 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Altered emotional experiences in response to antipsychotics may increase the burden of disease in patients with schizophrenia. In a large cross-sectional study, patients with schizophrenia completed the Subjects Reaction to Antipsychotics questionnaire (SRA) to assess whether they attributed altered emotional experiences (flattened affect or depressive symptoms) to their antipsychotics. Association with antipsychotic D2 receptor affinity and occupancy was examined using logistic regression. We compared antipsychotic-attributed emotional experiences between patients using antipsychotic monotherapy and combination therapy. Of the 1298 included patients, 23% attributed flattened affect to their antipsychotics and 16% attributed depressive symptoms to their antipsychotics, based on the SRA. No differences were observed between antipsychotics in patients on monotherapy. We discuss that within these patients' relatively low dose range, altered emotional experiences did not appear to relate to the level of D2 receptor affinity of antipsychotic monotherapy. Patients using antipsychotic combination therapy (22%) were more likely to attribute depressive symptoms to their antipsychotics than patients using antipsychotic monotherapy (OR [95%CI]=1.443 [1.033-2.015]); possibly due to higher D2 receptor occupancies as estimated by dose equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Lako
- Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Taxis
- Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Edwin R van den Heuvel
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cathalijn H C Leenaars
- Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Central Animal laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert Burger
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Durk Wiersma
- Rob Giel Research center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Slooff
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, Mental Health Organization Drenthe, The Netherlands
| | - Henderikus Knegtering
- Rob Giel Research center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Lentis Research, Center for Mental Health Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Rob Giel Research center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ashoorian D, Davidson R, Rock D, Dragovic M, Clifford R. A clinical communication tool for the assessment of psychotropic medication side effects. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:643-57. [PMID: 26518225 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim was to assess usability of the My Medicines and Me Questionnaire (M3Q) as a self-reported questionnaire for mental health patients to subjectively express side effects experienced with their psychotropic medications. The secondary aim was to evaluate patients' attitudes towards treatment and psychotropic medications following dialogue with their clinicians about side effects. Questionnaires were administered at six adult mental health facilities. A total of 205 participants were divided into intervention (facilitated dialogue) and non-intervention groups (no facilitated dialogue). The mean completion time for the M3Q was 15min (SD=6.5) with only 11 (5%) patients requiring assistance. The most commonly reported side effect was sedation (77%) and weight gain was ranked as the most bothersome (23%). The previously validated M3Q provided patients with the opportunity to express the impact these effects had on their lives. Side effects were the most common reason given for non-adherence. There were no significant changes in patient attitudes towards treatment and medications in the intervention group, mainly due to the logistical challenges in the clinicians' ability to view the questionnaire for the subsequent meeting with the patient. The M3Q demonstrated its usability in allowing patients to easily express their subjective experiences with side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Ashoorian
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Rowan Davidson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; North Metropolitan Health Service Mental Health, Mt Hawthorn, WA 6016, Australia
| | - Daniel Rock
- North Metropolitan Health Service Mental Health, Mt Hawthorn, WA 6016, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Milan Dragovic
- North Metropolitan Health Service Mental Health, Mt Hawthorn, WA 6016, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rhonda Clifford
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Ashoorian DM, Davidson RM, Rock DJT, Seubert LJ, Clifford RM. Development of the My Medicines and Me (M3Q) side effect questionnaire for mental health patients: a qualitative study. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2015; 5:289-303. [PMID: 26557985 PMCID: PMC4622122 DOI: 10.1177/2045125315598466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the acceptability, content validity and usability of the My Medicines and Me (M3Q) self-report side effect questionnaire. METHODS Eight focus groups consisting of mental health patients, carers, general practitioners, psychiatrists, mental health nurses and pharmacists were conducted, involving 78 participants. Two researchers independently examined the transcriptions and analysed the data thematically using an inductive method. RESULTS The findings supported changes to the formatting, length and phrasing of questions in the original version of the questionnaire. Although the groups provided differing views on the usability of the M3Q in clinical practice, the patient and carer groups were unconditionally in favour of such a tool to be used systematically to describe patients' subjective experiences with side effects. CONCLUSION The differing contribution made by all groups involved in the administration and completion of the M3Q assisted with content validity of the questionnaire. The acceptability and usability of this novel side effect questionnaire was also explored, with many participants agreeing it was a necessary tool for a patient centred approach to treatment. Following implementation of the changes to the current format of the questionnaire, investigation into the uptake and use in clinical practice should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena M Ashoorian
- Pharmacy Program, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, M315, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rowan M Davidson
- North Metropolitan Health Service Mental Health, Perth, Australia; (School of Medicine and Pharmacology) The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel J T Rock
- North Metropolitan Health Service Mental Health, Perth, Australia; (School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences) (School of Population Health) The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Liza J Seubert
- Pharmacy Program (School of Medicine and Pharmacology,) The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rhonda M Clifford
- Pharmacy Program (School of Medicine and Pharmacology,) The University of Western Australia, Australia
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Construction and validation of the My Medicines and Me Questionnaire for assessment of the self-reported side effects of psychotropic medication. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 30:224-9. [PMID: 25852030 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to construct and assess the psychometric properties of the My Medicines and Me Questionnaire (M3Q), a self-report side-effect questionnaire for mental health patients. Thirty individuals taking a psychotropic medication completed the M3Q side-effect checklist along with the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale. Thirty healthy comparison individuals also completed the M3Q checklist. Data were analyzed using factorial analysis. Psychometric evaluations including validity and reliability testing were carried out on the questionnaire's checklist. The original 54-item checklist of the M3Q was shortened to include only those items found to be significant in the factorial analysis. The revised 32-item checklist of the M3Q was found to be valid and reliable. The M3Q is a simple, valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used routinely in clinical practice for detecting bothersome side effects of a range of psychotropic medications. This will provide a platform for improved communication between the clinician and the patient.
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Tharoor H, Kaliappan A, Gopal S. Sexual dysfunctions in schizophrenia: Professionals and patients perspectives. Indian J Psychiatry 2015; 57:85-7. [PMID: 25657463 PMCID: PMC4314923 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.148532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dysfunction (SD) is not commonly reported by persons with schizophrenia unless an enquiry is made by a doctor or staff during routine clinical visits. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine reporting of drug-induced sexual side-effects and the attitude of the treating team in clarifying or detecting this issue. RESULTS A vast majority of professionals (73.2%) did not enquire about SDs in routine clinical setting and admitted that they lack expertise based on the Attitude Survey Questionnaire. More than one-third of the patients (35.3%) attributed sexual side-effects to medications. Many patients (91.7%) reported good to fair tolerance to sexual side-effects according to the Psychotropic Related Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire. CONCLUSION The treating team plays a crucial role. Sexual side-effects are often under-reported and need to be addressed by the treating physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Tharoor
- Department of Mental Health and Social Sciences, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anandhalakshmi Kaliappan
- Department of Mental Health and Social Sciences, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subhashini Gopal
- Department of Mental Health and Social Sciences, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ashoorian D, Davidson R, Rock D, Gudka S, Clifford R. A review of self-report medication side effect questionnaires for mental health patients. Psychiatry Res 2014; 219:664-73. [PMID: 25034414 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Side effects of psychotropic medications are important determinants of adherence to treatment. Discussion between the patient and clinician facilitated through the use of a side effect self-report questionnaire (SRQ) could lead to improved communications and treatment adherence. The aim of this review was to 1) identify all currently available side effect SRQs used in the assessment of mental health patients' subjective experiences, 2) evaluate the characteristics of the studies and 3) assess the psychometric properties of each of the questionnaires. Eight electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed published articles. Six side effect SRQs were identified. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of the study designs and psychometric properties of the identified SRQs. All questionnaires consisted of closed questions relating to antipsychotic side effects and completion times ranged from 5 to 20 min. Five questionnaires had undergone some form of psychometric testing, ranging from basic to comprehensive. There is a need in everyday clinical practice for a side effect communication tool applicable to all psychotropic medications, which allows the patient to express their subjective beliefs about their medications. This could provide an important contribution to the working relationship between patients and clinicians leading to informed decision-making and improved adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Ashoorian
- Pharmacy Program, Center for Optimization of Medicines, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, M315, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Rowan Davidson
- North Metropolitan Health Service Mental Health, WA 6016, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel Rock
- North Metropolitan Health Service Mental Health, WA 6016, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sajni Gudka
- Pharmacy Program, Center for Optimization of Medicines, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, M315, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rhonda Clifford
- Pharmacy Program, Center for Optimization of Medicines, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, M315, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Haddad PM, Brain C, Scott J. Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: challenges and management strategies. Patient Relat Outcome Meas 2014; 5:43-62. [PMID: 25061342 PMCID: PMC4085309 DOI: 10.2147/prom.s42735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonadherence with medication occurs in all chronic medical disorders. It is a particular challenge in schizophrenia due to the illness's association with social isolation, stigma, and comorbid substance misuse, plus the effect of symptom domains on adherence, including positive and negative symptoms, lack of insight, depression, and cognitive impairment. Nonadherence lies on a spectrum, is often covert, and is underestimated by clinicians, but affects more than one third of patients with schizophrenia per annum. It increases the risk of relapse, rehospitalization, and self-harm, increases inpatient costs, and lowers quality of life. It results from multiple patient, clinician, illness, medication, and service factors, but a useful distinction is between intentional and unintentional nonadherence. There is no gold standard approach to the measurement of adherence as all methods have pros and cons. Interventions to improve adherence include psychoeducation and other psychosocial interventions, antipsychotic long-acting injections, electronic reminders, service-based interventions, and financial incentives. These overlap, all have some evidence of effectiveness, and the intervention adopted should be tailored to the individual. Psychosocial interventions that utilize combined approaches seem more effective than unidimensional approaches. There is increasing interest in electronic reminders and monitoring systems to enhance adherence, eg, Short Message Service text messaging and real-time medication monitoring linked to smart pill containers or an electronic ingestible event marker. Financial incentives to enhance antipsychotic adherence raise ethical issues, and their place in practice remains unclear. Simple pragmatic strategies to improve medication adherence include shared decision-making, regular assessment of adherence, simplification of the medication regimen, ensuring that treatment is effective and that side effects are managed, and promoting a positive therapeutic alliance and good communication between the clinician and patient. These elements remain essential for all patients, not least for the small minority where vulnerability and risk issue dictate that compulsory treatment is necessary to ensure adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Haddad
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Cecilia Brain
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Nå Ut-teamet, Psychosis Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Scott
- Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, London, UK
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Ritsner MS, Lisker A, Grinshpoon A. Predicting 10-year quality-of-life outcomes of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 68:308-17. [PMID: 24405469 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to determine predictors for 10-year good versus poor perceived general quality of life (QOL) outcomes from baseline variables in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. METHODS We compared patients with poor versus good 10-year QOL outcomes using baseline clinical, personality-related variables, demographic and background characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used for predicting the 10-year QOL outcomes from baseline data. One-hundred-eight patients completed the Quality-of-Life Enjoyment and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS), the Talbieh Brief Distress Inventory, and psychosocial questionnaires at baseline and 10 years later. RESULTS Logistic regression revealed six predictors of QOL outcomes: paranoid ideations (odds ratio [OR] 3.1), PANSS general psychopathology (OR 1.1), obsessiveness (OR 0.84), hostility (OR 0.4), PANSS positive scale scores (OR 0.4), and general QOL index (OR 0.4). This model classified 80.6% of the sample with good sensitivity (87% correctly identified 'poor outcome'), and specificity (71% correctly identified 'good outcome'). CONCLUSION This study provides a pattern of baseline predictors for long-term QOL outcomes. Identified predictors are factors that can potentially be ameliorated, and thereby enhance the QOL of people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Ritsner
- Sha'ar Menashe Mental Health Center, Israel Affiliated to the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Haddad PM, Fleischhacker WW, Peuskens J, Cavallaro R, Lean ME, Morozova M, Reynolds G, Azorin JM, Thomas P, Möller HJ. SMARTS (Systematic Monitoring of Adverse events Related to TreatmentS): The development of a pragmatic patient-completed checklist to assess antipsychotic drug side effects. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2014; 4:15-21. [PMID: 24490026 PMCID: PMC3896136 DOI: 10.1177/2045125313510195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antipsychotic drug side effects are common and can cause stigmatisation, decreased quality of life, poor adherence, and secondary morbidity and mortality. Systematic assessment of anticipated side effects is recommended as part of good clinical care, but is uncommon in practice and patients may not spontaneously report side effects. We aimed to develop a simple patient-completed checklist to screen systematically for potential antipsychotic side effects. METHODS The SMARTS checklist was developed over a series of group meetings by an international faculty of 12 experts (including psychiatrists, a general physician and a psychopharmacologist) based on their clinical experience and knowledge of the literature. The emphasis is on tolerability (i.e. assessment of side effects that 'trouble' the patient) as subjective impact of side effects is most relevant to medication adherence. The development took account of feedback from practising psychiatrists in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, a process that contributed to face validity. RESULTS The SMARTS checklist assesses whether patients are currently 'troubled' by 11 well-established potential antipsychotic side effects. Patients provide their responses to these questions by circling relevant side effects. An additional open question enquires about any other possible side effects. The checklist has been translated into Italian and Turkish. CONCLUSIONS The SMARTS checklist aims to strike a balance between brevity and capturing the most common and important antipsychotic side effects. It is appropriate for completion by patients prior to a clinical consultation, for example, in the waiting room. It can then form the focus for a more detailed clinical discussion about side effects. It can be used alone or form part of a more comprehensive assessment of antipsychotic side effects including blood tests and a physical examination when appropriate. The checklist assesses current problems and can be used longitudinally to assess change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Haddad
- Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Cromwell House, Cromwell Road, Eccles, Salford M30 OGT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Margarita Morozova
- National Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Pompili M, Serafini G, Innamorati M, Ambrosi E, Telesforo L, Venturini P, Giordano G, Battuello M, Lester D, Girardi P. Unmet treatment needs in schizophrenia patients: is asenapine a potential therapeutic option? Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 11:989-1006. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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An H, Sohn H, Chung S. Phentermine, sibutramine and affective disorders. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 11:7-12. [PMID: 23678348 PMCID: PMC3650299 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2013.11.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A safe and effective way to control weight in patients with affective disorders is needed, and phentermine is a possible candidate. We performed a PubMed search of articles pertaining to phentermine, sibutramine, and affective disorders. We compared the studies of phentermine with those of sibutramine. The search yielded a small number of reports. Reports concerning phentermine and affective disorders reported that i) its potency in the central nervous system may be comparatively low, and ii) it may induce depression in some patients. We were unable to find more studies on the subject; thus, it is unclear presently whether phentermine use is safe in affective disorder patients. Reports regarding the association of sibutramine and affective disorders were slightly more abundant. A recent study that suggested that sibutramine may have deleterious effects in patients with a psychiatric history may provide a clue for future phentermine research. Three explanations are possible concerning the association between phentermine and affective disorders: i) phentermine, like sibutramine, may have a depression-inducing effect that affects a specific subgroup of patients, ii) phentermine may have a dose-dependent depression-inducing effect, or iii) phentermine may simply not be associated with depression. Large-scale studies with affective disorder patients focusing on these questions are needed to clarify this matter before investigation of its efficacy may be carried out and it can be used in patients with affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung An
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju Medical Center, Jeju, Korea
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Peluso MJ, Lewis SW, Barnes TRE, Jones PB. Non-neurological and metabolic side effects in the Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia Randomised Controlled Trial (CUtLASS-1). Schizophr Res 2013; 144:80-6. [PMID: 23313462 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The impact of non-neurological and metabolic side effects (NNSEs) on the prescription of antipsychotics in real clinical practice remains unclear. We conducted an intention-to-treat, secondary analysis of data from a randomised, controlled trial (CUtLASS-1; n=227) to examine NNSEs emergent at 12 weeks and 52 weeks. A clinically significant difference was defined as double or half the symptoms in groups prescribed first- versus second-generation antipsychotics, represented by odds ratios greater than 2.0 (indicating advantage for first-generation drugs) or less than 0.5 (indicating advantage for the newer drugs). There were no differences between the treatment groups at baseline. At both 12 and 52 weeks follow-up, patients on second-generation drugs were more likely than their first-generation counterparts to experience cardiovascular problems and anticholinergic side effects, as well as increased sexual side effects in men. Objective weight gain was equivalent between the two groups at 12 weeks, but by one year fewer patients in the second-generation arm experienced weight gain and there was no significant difference with regard to percent change in BMI. These results suggest that there may be clinically significant increases in anticholinergic, cardiovascular, and sexual side effects for patients on second-generation drugs. The expected increased weight gain in the second-generation arm did not occur. This study provides evidence that clinicians should take a more nuanced approach toward expert antipsychotic prescription, rather than viewing the drugs as distinct classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Peluso
- Yale School of Medicine, 367 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06511, USA.
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Mitchell AJ, Vancampfort D, De Herdt A, Yu W, De Hert M. Is the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities increased in early schizophrenia? A comparative meta-analysis of first episode, untreated and treated patients. Schizophr Bull 2013; 39:295-305. [PMID: 22927670 PMCID: PMC3576152 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbs082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aimed to discover whether metabolic complications of schizophrenia (SZ) are present in first episode (FE) and unmedicated (UM) patients, in comparison with patients established on antipsychotic medication (AP). METHOD A systematic search, critical appraisal, and meta-analysis were conducted of studies to December 2011 using Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and experts. Twenty-six studies examined FE SZ patients (n = 2548) and 19 included UM SZ patients (n = 1325). For comparison we identified 78 publications involving 24 892 medicated patients who had chronic SZ already established on AP. RESULTS In UM, the overall rate of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was 9.8% using any standardized criteria. Diabetes was found in only 2.1% and hyperglycaemia (>100 mg/dl) in 6.4%. In FE, the overall MetS rate was 9.9%, diabetes was found in only 1.2%, and hyperglycaemia in 8.7%. In UM and FE, the rates of overweight were 26.6%, 22%; hypertriglyceridemia 16.9%, 19.6%; low HDL 20.4%, 21.9%; high blood pressure 24.3%, 30.4%; smoking 40.2%, 46.8%, respectively. In both groups all metabolic components and risk factors were significantly less common in early SZ than in those already established on AP. Waist size, blood pressure and smoking were significantly lower in UM compared with FE. CONCLUSION There is a significantly lower cardiovascular risk in early SZ than in chronic SZ. Both diabetes and pre-diabetes appear uncommon in the early stages, especially in UM. However, smoking does appear to be elevated early after diagnosis. Clinicians should focus on preventing initial cardiometabolic risk because subsequent reduction in this risk is more difficult to achieve, either through behavioral or pharmacologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Mitchell
- Leicestershire Partnership Trust, Leicester, UK,Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Amber De Herdt
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Weiping Yu
- UPC KU Leuven campus Kortenberg, LeuvensesteenwegKortenberg, Belgium
| | - Marc De Hert
- UPC KU Leuven campus Kortenberg, LeuvensesteenwegKortenberg, Belgium,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +32(02)7580511, fax: +32(02)759.53.80, e-mail:
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Ritsner MS, Lisker A, Arbitman M, Grinshpoon A. Factor structure in the Camberwell Assessment of Need-Patient Version: the correlations with dimensions of illness, personality and quality of life of schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 66:499-507. [PMID: 23066767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the factor structure underlying the Camberwell Assessment of Need-Patient Version (CANSAS-P) items in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. METHOD Factor, correlation and regression analyses were performed for dimensions of CANSAS-P, illness, personality and quality of life (QOL) related variables in 95 stabilized patients with chronic schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor model that explains 50.4% of the total variance of the 20 CANSAS-P items. The factors 'Social disability', 'Information processing disability', 'Emotional processing disability', and 'Coping disability' showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient 0.67-0.77). The CANSAS-P subscale scores positively correlated with severity of symptoms, distress (r ranged from 0.34 to 0.45), while negatively associated with general functioning (r = -0.34), friend (r = -0.46) and family support (r = -0.41), satisfaction with medicine (r = -0.35), general activities (r = -0.40), and general QOL (r = -0.35) (all P < 0.001). Severity of illness, symptoms, emotional distress and emotion-oriented coping were positive predictors; friend support, QOL general activities, life satisfaction and satisfaction with medicine were negative predictors of the CANSAS-P subscale scores. The effect size (f(2)) for these predictors ranged from medium to quite large (f(2) = 0.28-1.13), and they explain from 23% to 46% of the variability in CANSAS-P subscales. CONCLUSIONS A four-factor structure mode, including social and cognitive functioning, emotion responsivity and coping with daily challenges, appears to fit CANSAS-P items. These subscales may contribute to research and improve treatment of psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Ritsner
- Department of Psychiatry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, and Sha'ar Menashe Mental Health Center, Hadera, Israel.
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Oyekanmi AK, Adelufosi AO, Abayomi O, Adebowale TO. Demographic and clinical correlates of sexual dysfunction among Nigerian male outpatients on conventional antipsychotic medications. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:267. [PMID: 22676295 PMCID: PMC3426474 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In psychotic disorders, early intervention with antipsychotic medications increases the likelihood of favourable long-term course. However, the pharmacologic management especially with conventional antipsychotic medications is complicated by a high rate of adverse effects including sexual dysfunction. This study aims to determine the demographic and clinical factors associated with sexual dysfunction among male psychiatric outpatients on conventional antipsychotic medications in South-western Nigeria. METHODS Two hundred and seventy five consecutive male outpatients with psychotic disorders on conventional antipsychotic medications were interviewed. Data was collected on demographic characteristics, illness-related and medication-related variables. Illness severity was assessed with the Brief psychiatric rating scale. The International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire was used to assess for sexual dysfunctions. RESULTS A total of 111 (40.4%) respondents had one or more forms of sexual dysfunction. Sexual desire dysfunction was present in 47 (17.1%) of respondents, erectile dysfunction in 95 (34.5%), orgasmic dysfunctions in 51 (18.5%), intercourse dissatisfaction in 72 (26.2%) and overall dissatisfaction in 64 (23.3%). Sexual dysfunction was significantly associated with employment status, age, marital status, haloperidol use, medication dosage, and presence of psychopathology. Unemployment was the only significant independent correlate of sexual dysfunction, with unemployed respondents twice more likely to have sexual dysfunction compared with those employed (Wald = 3.865, Odds Ratio = 2.033, 95% confidence interval = 1.002 - 4.124, p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of sexual dysfunction found in this study suggests a need among clinicians for increased awareness and recognition of the sexual side effects in patients taking conventional antipsychotic medications. This knowledge should guide conventional antipsychotic medication prescription in the at-risk population to improve treatment adherence.
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Kikuchi T, Iwamoto K, Sasada K, Aleksic B, Yoshida K, Ozaki N. Sexual dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia in Japanese schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 37:26-32. [PMID: 22172534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction, evaluated by the Nagoya Sexual Function Questionnaire (NSFQ), and hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia and examine a relationship between sexual dysfunction and serum prolactin levels. This cross-sectional, comparative study was performed using a sample comprising 195 Japanese schizophrenic in- and outpatients treated with antipsychotics (117 males and 78 females). Data were collected from October 2009 to January 2010 using single, cross-sectional ratings of sexual function assessed by the NSFQ and concurrent measurement of serum prolactin levels. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia was high (males 66.7%; females 79.5%). Hyperprolactinemia (>25ng/ml) was highly prevalent among schizophrenia patients, affecting 53.8% of females and 51.3% of males. Among female patients, 16.7% had prolactin levels>100ng/ml. There was no relationship between sexual dysfunction and serum prolactin levels. The present study demonstrated a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia in Japanese schizophrenia patients. Clinicians should keep these problems in mind and discuss potential solutions with patients to improve patients' quality of life and adherence to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite more that 60 years of clinical experience, the effective use of lithium for the treatment of mood disorder, in particular bipolarity, is in danger of becoming obsolete. In part, this is because of exaggerated fears surrounding lithium toxicity, acute and long-term tolerability and the encumbrance of life-long plasma monitoring. Recent research has once again positioned lithium centre stage and amplified the importance of understanding its science and how this translates to clinical practice. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to provide a sound knowledge base as regards the science and practice of lithium therapy. METHOD A comprehensive literature search using electronic databases was conducted along with a detailed review of articles known to the authors pertaining to the use of lithium. Studies were limited to English publications and those dealing with the management of psychiatric disorders in humans. The literature was synthesized and organized according to relevance to clinical practice and understanding. RESULTS Lithium has simple pharmacokinetics that require regular dosing and monitoring. Its mechanisms of action are complex and its effects are multi-faceted, extending beyond mood stability to neuroprotective and anti-suicidal properties. Its use in bipolar disorder is under-appreciated, particularly as it has the best evidence for prophylaxis, qualifying it perhaps as the only true mood stabilizer currently available. In practice, its risks and tolerability are exaggerated and can be readily minimized with knowledge of its clinical profile and judicious application. CONCLUSION Lithium is a safe and effective agent that should, whenever indicated, be used first-line for the treatment of bipolar disorder. A better understanding of its science alongside strategic management of its plasma levels will ensure both wider utility and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gin S Malhi
- CADE Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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Yasui-Furukori N, Fujii A, Sugawara N, Tsuchimine S, Saito M, Hashimoto K, Kaneko S. No association between hormonal abnormality and sexual dysfunction in Japanese schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotics. Hum Psychopharmacol 2012; 27:82-9. [PMID: 22249970 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although sexual dysfunction is believed to be caused by hormonal abnormalities, few reports have studied sexual dysfunction and its association with hormonal abnormalities in Asian populations with schizophrenia. METHODS We employed a cross-sectional, case-control survey design to collect data from 191 (108 men) Japanese schizophrenia outpatients treated with antipsychotics and 182 (49 men) healthy subjects. Sexual dysfunction was evaluated using the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale. We measured plasma concentrations of prolactin in both genders and testosterone in men and estradiol in women. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses revealed the following findings: the number of antipsychotics correlated with diminished sexual desire (standardized beta = 0.241, p < 0.05); the dose of antipsychotics correlated with gynecomastia (standardized beta = 0.277, p < 0.01), increased sexual desire (standardized beta = 0.229, p < 0.05), and ejaculatory dysfunction (standardized beta = 0.248, p < 0.05); and the dose of antipsychotics correlated with menorrhagia in women (standardized beta = 0.284, p < 0.05). However, neither plasma concentrations of prolactin, testosterone nor estradiol correlated with sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that an association between sex hormone abnormalities and sexual dysfunction is unlikely but that the dose or number of antipsychotics is associated with some sexual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Yasui-Furukori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan.
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Bouloudnine S, Azorin JM, Petitjean F, Parry-Pousse P, Sciorato F, Blin O, Fakra E. Analyse de discours de patients schizophrènes et perception des effets indésirables de différents antipsychotiques atypiques. Étude TALK. Encephale 2011; 37 Suppl 2:S143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-7006(11)70042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Recomendaciones para el cambio de antipsicóticos. Posicionamiento de la Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría y Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría Biológica. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2011; 4:150-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McCloughen A, Foster K. Weight gain associated with taking psychotropic medication: an integrative review. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2011; 20:202-22. [PMID: 21492360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0349.2010.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
People with serious mental illness have higher morbidity and mortality rates than general populations, and overweight/obesity-related conditions are prevalent. Psychotropic medications are a primary factor in significant weight gain. Adolescents and young adults, particularly those with first-episode psychoses taking atypical antipsychotics, are susceptible to weight gain. This paper reports findings from an integrative review of research investigating the impact and treatment of psychotropic-induced weight gain. Four databases were searched, yielding 522 papers. From these and hand-searched papers, 36 research reports were systematically classified and analysed. The review revealed people experiencing psychotropic-induced weight gain perceive it as distressing. It impacts on quality of life and contributes to treatment non-adherence. Weight management and prevention strategies have primarily targeted adults with existing/chronic illness rather than those with first-episode psychoses and/or drug naiveté. Single and multimodal interventions to prevent or manage weight gain produced comparable, modest results. This review highlights that the effectiveness of weight management interventions is not fully known, and there is a lack of information regarding weight gain prevention for young people taking psychotropics. Future research directions include exploring the needs of young people regarding psychotropic-related weight gain and long-term, follow-up studies of lifestyle interventions to prevent psychotropic-related weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea McCloughen
- Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Kikuchi T, Iwamoto K, Sasada K, Aleksic B, Yoshida K, Ozaki N. Reliability and validity of a new sexual function questionnaire (Nagoya Sexual Function Questionnaire) for schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotics. Hum Psychopharmacol 2011; 26:300-6. [PMID: 21695732 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to validate a new user-friendly sexual function questionnaire (Nagoya Sexual Function Questionnaire [NSFQ]) for schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotics. METHODS Schizophrenic outpatients (men = 30, women = 30) were asked to fill out the NSFQ at initial entry into the research program (Time₁) and again 1 to 2 weeks later (Time₂). To assess the convergent validity of the NSFQ, at Time₁, subjects were asked to fill out the Japanese version of the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogekser Side Effect Rating Scale (UKU). To assess the discriminant validity of the NSFQ, at Time₁, subjects were also asked to fill out the Japanese version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS Results from Cronbach's alpha analysis indicated that the NSFQ demonstrated excellent internal consistency and scale reliability. The NSFQ also demonstrated strong test-retest reliability. The NSFQ total score was highly correlated with the UKU total score. The NSFQ was shown to have good convergent validity with the UKU. The NSFQ total score was not correlated with the Japanese version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale total score. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validities of the NSFQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Chiang YL, Klainin-Yobas P, Ignacio J, Chng CML. The impact of antipsychotic side effects on attitudes towards medication in people with schizophrenia and related disorders. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20:2172-82. [PMID: 21539628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This research aimed to: (i) investigate the prevalence and perceived severity of antipsychotic side effects in people with schizophrenia and related disorders living in communities in Singapore; (ii) examine the relationship between antipsychotic variables (type, dose, route, prescription duration) and side effects; and (iii) examine the relationship between side effects and attitudes towards medication. BACKGROUND Antipsychotics are the mainstay treatment in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. However, antipsychotics are associated with a wide range of side effects, which potentially have adverse effects on patients' functioning. A lack of studies comparing the frequency of side effects and their associated levels of distress across multiple antipsychotics and different medication variables has been noted. Additionally, it is essential to assess patients' attitudes towards antipsychotics in relation to their experience of side effects. DESIGN A cross-sectional, non-experimental research design was used. METHOD A convenience sample of 96 adults with schizophrenia and related disorders on antipsychotic treatment and attending the hospital's outpatient clinic was recruited. Variables collected included antipsychotic type, dose, route, prescription duration and side effects, attitudes towards medication and demographic and clinical variables. They were analysed with descriptive statistics and correlational analyses. RESULTS Many participants experienced psychic (80·2%), extrapyramidal (69·8%) and miscellaneous side effects (61·5%). Side effects positively correlated with dose (p = 0·016) and negatively correlated with prescription duration (p = 0·014). Negative attitudes towards medication were positively correlated with side effects in general (p = 0·023), along with hormonal (p = 0·013) and psychic side effects (p = 0·008). CONCLUSION Findings revealed that majority of the participants experienced and were distressed over psychic, extrapyramidal and weight gain, which may be related to high doses and treatment duration. Additionally, patients experiencing psychic and hormonal side effects are at risk of developing negative attitudes towards medication. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Findings guide the development of appropriate nursing interventions that aim to alleviate side effects, reduce negative attitudes towards medication and prevent compliance problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ling Chiang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Apantaku-Olajide T, Gibbons P, Higgins A. Drug-induced sexual dysfunction and mental health patients' attitude to psychotropic medications. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2011.567259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kim HJ, Kim IS, Kim DH. Effect of Dance/Movement Therapy on Mental Health in In-patient with Schizophrenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5392/jkca.2011.11.4.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gregoor JG, van der Weide J, Loovers HM, van Megen HJGM, Egberts TCG, Heerdink ER. Polymorphisms of the LEP, LEPR and HTR2C gene: obesity and BMI change in patients using antipsychotic medication in a naturalistic setting. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:919-23. [PMID: 21510767 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.11.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Weight gain is a frequently occurring serious somatic adverse effect of atypical antipsychotic agents. Genetic factors influence the risk of an individual to gain weight. OBJECTIVES To determine whether LEPR Q223R, LEP -2548G/A and HTR2C -759C/T polymorphisms are associated with obesity and weight change in patients using atypical antipsychotic drugs. METHODS A longitudinal study design was used in a naturalistic setting. The study population included 141 patients, all of whom were using an atypical antipsychotic drug. The body mass index was measured twice. Primary outcome measures were obesity at the moment of first measurement and body mass index change during treatment. Determinants were the LEPR Q223R (rs1137101), the LEP -2548G/A SNP (rs7799039) and the HTR2C -759C/T (rs3813929) polymorphisms. RESULTS Of the 141 included patients, 35 (24.8%) were obese. In females, presence of the LEPR 223R allele was associated with an increased risk of obesity (47.6 vs 17.6%; p = 0.03). In males this association was not found. None of the SNPs were significantly associated with weight change during treatment. CONCLUSIONS The LEPR Q223R polymorphism may be a risk factor for obesity in women with a psychotic disorder treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs. This is in line with earlier findings of our group.
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Second generation antipsychotics improve sexual dysfunction in schizophrenia: a randomised controlled trial. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011; 2011:596898. [PMID: 22937269 PMCID: PMC3428616 DOI: 10.1155/2011/596898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The impact of antipsychotic drug treatment on sexual function was investigated during a randomised trial comparing first generation antipsychotics (FGAs) to (nonclozapine) second generation antipsychotics (SGAs). Sexual function and quality of life were (rater-blind) assessed in 42 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia (aged 18-65) using the self-report version of the Derogatis Interview for Sexual Function (DISF-SR) and the Heinrichs Quality of Life Scale (QLS), prior to, and 12 weeks following, a change in medication from an FGA drug to either an FGA or SGA drug. SGAs significantly improved sexual function compared to FGAs. Change in sexual function was associated with change in quality of life. Where impaired sexual functioning is a distressing adverse effect of treatment with an FGA agent, consideration should be given to switching to an SGA.
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Combined HTR2C-LEP genotype as a determinant of obesity in patients using antipsychotic medication. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2010; 30:702-5. [PMID: 21105285 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181fa05a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious common somatic adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic agents. Genetic factors partly determine the individual patients risk of developing obesity during treatment. As weight-regulating mechanisms, such as the leptinergic and serotonergic system, may be interdependent, genetic polymorphisms in these systems also may show interactions. To determine whether combined HTR2CLEP genotype or HTR2C-LEPR genotype are associated with obesity in patients using atypical antipsychotic drugs, a cross-sectional study design was used. The study population included 200 patients aged between 18 and 65 years of age, diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, all of whom had been using an atypical antipsychotic for at least 3 months. Primary outcome measure was presence of obesity (body mass index, >30). Determinants were the combined (HTR2C -759C/T-LEPR Q223R), (HTR2C -759C/T-LEP -2548G/A, (HTR2C rs1414334-LEPR Q223R) and (HTR2C rs1414334-LEP -2548G/A) genotypes. Of the 200 included patients, 61 (31%) were obese. In patients without the HTR2C -759T allele, presence of the LEP -2548G allele was associated with obesity (odds ratio, 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-7.95). The results of the other analyses showed some nonsignificant trends. The combined (HTR2C -759C/TYLEP -2548G/A) genotype may be a determinant of obesity in patients during treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs.
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Montejo ÁL, Majadas S, Rico-Villademoros F, LLorca G, De La Gándara J, Franco M, Martín-Carrasco M, Aguera L, Prieto N. Frequency of Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with a Psychotic Disorder Receiving Antipsychotics. J Sex Med 2010; 7:3404-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pope A, Adams C, Paton C, Weaver T, Barnes TRE. Assessment of adverse effects in clinical studies of antipsychotic medication: survey of methods used. Br J Psychiatry 2010; 197:67-72. [PMID: 20592438 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.070961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies of antipsychotic medication are a primary source of data on the nature of, and relative liability for, adverse effects, relevant to prescribing decisions in clinical practice. AIMS To identify how safety and tolerability data were collected and reported in recent clinical studies of antipsychotics. METHOD A survey was conducted of all 167 eligible studies published between 2002 and 2007 on the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group register. RESULTS Extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) and weight gain were most frequently assessed. A minority of reports addressed metabolic abnormalities, aversive subjective experiences and sexual dysfunction. Published rating scales were frequently used to evaluate EPS, but systematic methods were rarely applied to other treatment-emergent problems. The definition of individual adverse effects and the manner of reporting were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS The way in which safety and tolerability data are collected and reported in clinical studies does not allow for fair and meaningful comparison of the relative risk profiles of individual antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Pope
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Mental Health, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, London W6 8RP, UK.
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Fujii A, Yasui-Furukori N, Sugawara N, Sato Y, Nakagami T, Saito M, Kaneko S. Sexual dysfunction in Japanese patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:288-93. [PMID: 19951735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have revealed that sexual dysfunction is prevalent in schizophrenia patients treated with either first- or second-generation antipsychotics. Although sexual dysfunction may have a negative impact on adherence to treatment, no reports have studied sexual dysfunction in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls in Asian populations. We employed a cross-sectional, case-control survey design to collect data from 352 schizophrenic Japanese outpatients treated with antipsychotics and 367 healthy subjects. Sexual dysfunction was evaluated using the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in schizophrenic patients was 59.3% for males and 49.1% for females, while that in healthy controls was 38.0% for males and 38.4% for females. High rates of low sexual interest (37.3%), erectile dysfunction (37.3%), and problems related to ejaculation (35.6%) were found in male patients, while amenorrhea (38.7%) and low sexual interest (25.7%) were found in female patients. Significant differences were observed between cases and controls concerning the prevalence of total sexual dysfunction in males under 30 years of age (p<0.01) and in their 40s (p<0.01), as well as in females in their 30s (p<0.05) and over 50 years of age (p<0.01). When patients were divided into four monotherapy groups (risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole, and haloperidol), there were still no differences in any form of sexual dysfunction. The present study demonstrated a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction in schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls. Clinicians should keep these problems in mind and discuss potential solutions with their patients in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Fujii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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Effects and side effects of antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia: pros and cons of available self-rating scales. Schizophr Res 2009; 112:114-8. [PMID: 19395241 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To support clinical practice as well as clinical research, self-rating scales have been developed to evaluate the effects and side effects of antipsychotic treatment. The aim of this study is to compare the psychometric properties and other characteristics of frequently used self-rating scales, and also to study their relationship to subjective quality of life. METHOD Four self-rating scales designed to evaluate the treatment effects of antipsychotics were identified through a MEDLINE and cross-references search: The Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10), The Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS), Subjective Well-being to Neuroleptics (SWN) and the recently developed Subjects' Reaction to Antipsychotics questionnaire (SRA). Three hundred and twenty patients with schizophrenia who were treated with antipsychotics completed these questionnaires, including a quality of life instrument, the WHO-QoLBREF. RESULTS The self-rating scales differed in scope, number of items and subscales (total and subscale scores), but showed an acceptable internal reliability (Cronbach's alphas varying between .64 and .93) except for the DAI-10 (.52), and all were easy to complete (in less than 20 min). They did not strongly correlate with each other, except for the LUNSERS and SRA undesired experiences subscale (r=.68, p<.01). All correlations with quality of life were statistically significant, but were especially so for the SWN (.78, p<.01). CONCLUSION Clinicians interested in the experience of the effects and side effects of antipsychotic medication in their patients are well advised to carefully consider the pros and cons of the available rating scales. They differ with respect to their internal reliability, concurrent and conceptual validity, as well as with respect to desired and undesired effects, aspects of quality of life, and attribution to medication. The choice also depends on its intended use, whether in clinical practice or in research or in both.
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