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Henderson C, Gillard C, Wheeler JB, Maestri T, Smith C, Olet S. The Impact of Post-Myocardial Infarction (MI) Depression on Cardiovascular-Related Hospitalizations. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102070. [PMID: 37689378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Routine depression screening and subsequent treatment in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients may lead to improved cardiac outcomes. However, screening for depression is not a standard of post-MI care. Though the American Heart Association (AHA) published an advisory recommending routine depression screening in post-MI patients, there is conflicting evidence on the benefit that routine depression screening has on cardiovascular outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare the occurrence of cardiovascular-related readmissions in post-MI patients diagnosed with depression versus post-MI patients not diagnosed with depression. This retrospective cohort study analyzed the incidence of cardiovascular-related readmissions and mortality in adult post-MI patients diagnosed with depression within 1 year compared to those not diagnosed with depression within a year. Those diagnosed with depression were more likely to experience a subsequent cardiovascular-related hospitalization within 2 years of MI than those not diagnosed with depression (52.6% vs 28.7%; odds ratio [OR], 3.19; 95% CI 2.33-4.38). There was no difference between groups in the incidence of in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Henderson
- Xavier University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.
| | - Christopher Gillard
- Xavier University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Janel Bailey Wheeler
- Xavier University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Thomas Maestri
- Xavier University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Candice Smith
- Xavier University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Susan Olet
- Ochsner-Xavier Institute for Health Equity & Research, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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2
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Hardoy CR, Shipley JH, Kramer EN, McCarron RM. Mental Health Is Heart Health: Adjusting Clinical Guidelines for Depression After Myocardial Infarction. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2023; 31:287-292. [PMID: 37870219 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Hardoy
- From University of California, Irvine, UCI School of Medicine (Mr. Hardoy and Mr. Shipley); University of California, Irvine, UCI Health (Drs. Kramer and McCarron)
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Management of depression in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic review. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 83:103534. [PMID: 36871435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Both illnesses contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. This systematic literature review examines treatment interventions for CAD patients with comorbid depression. We systematically reviewed The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PUBMED, CINAHL and the ISRCTN Registry for English language randomised control trials investigating treatment interventions for depression in adults with CAD and comorbid depression. Data extracted included author name(s), year published, number of participants, enrolment criteria, depression definition/measures (standardised interviews, rating scales), description of control arms and interventions (psychotherapy and/or medications), randomisation, blinding, follow-up duration, follow-up loss, depression scores and medical outcome. The database search revealed 4464 articles. The review yielded 19 trials. Antidepressant and/or psychotherapy did not significantly influence CAD outcomes in the overall population. There was no difference between antidepressant use and aerobic exercises. Psychological interventions and pharmacological interventions provide small effect on depression outcomes in CAD patients. Patient autonomy in choice of treatment is associated with greater depression treatment satisfaction, but the majority of studies are underpowered. More research is required to explore the role of neurostimulation treatment, complementary and alternative treatments.
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Lim GEH, Tang A, Chin YH, Yong JN, Tan D, Tay P, Chan YY, Lim DMW, Yeo JW, Chan KE, Devi K, Ong CEC, Foo RSY, Tan HC, Chan MY, Ho R, Loh PH, Chew NWS. A network meta-analysis of 12,116 individuals from randomized controlled trials in the treatment of depression after acute coronary syndrome. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278326. [PMID: 36449499 PMCID: PMC9710843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) depression is a common but not well understood complication experienced by ACS patients. Research on the effectiveness of various therapies remains limited. Hence, we sought to conduct a network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of different interventions for post-ACS depression in improving patient outcomes. METHODS AND FINDINGS Three electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials describing different depression treatment modalities in post-ACS patients. Each article was screened based on inclusion criteria and relevant data were extracted. A bivariate analysis and a network meta-analysis was performed using risk ratios (RR) and standardized mean differences (SMD) for binary and continuous outcomes, respectively. A total of 30 articles were included in our analysis. Compared to standard care, psychosocial therapy was associated with the greatest reduction in depression scores (SMD:-1.21, 95% CI: -1.81 to -0.61, p<0.001), followed by cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (SMD: -0.75, 95% CI: -0.99 to -0.52, p<0.001), antidepressants (SMD: -0.73, 95% CI: -1.14 to -0.31, p<0.001), and lastly, combination therapy (SMD: -0.15, 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.03, p = 0.016). No treatment modalities was found to be more effective in reducing depression scores when compared to one another. Additional analysis showed that these treatment modalities did not have significant impact on the overall mortality, cardiac mortality and recurrent myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION This network meta-analysis found that the treatment effect of the various psychological modalities on depression severity were similar. Future trials on psychological interventions assessing clinical outcomes and improvement in adherence to ACS-specific interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace En Hui Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ansel Tang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yip Han Chin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (NWSC); (YHC)
| | - Jie Ning Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phoebe Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Yi Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Denzel Ming Wei Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai En Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamala Devi
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Colin Eng Choon Ong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger S. Y. Foo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huay-Cheem Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Y. Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poay Huan Loh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas W. S. Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (NWSC); (YHC)
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Hughes JW, Kuhn TA, Ede D, Gathright EC, Josephson RA. Meta-Analysis of Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy in Patients Eligible for Cardiac Rehabilitation: ANTIDEPRESSANT AMBIVALENCE. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2022; 42:434-441. [PMID: 35797521 PMCID: PMC9643590 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many patients exhibit clinically significant depression upon enrollment in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Antidepressants are a first-line treatment option for depression, but the effectiveness of antidepressants in patients with heart disease is mixed. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of antidepressants for depression in patients eligible for CR. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted including randomized controlled trials of antidepressants from January 1990 to September 2021 that compared antidepressants with placebo. Random-effects models were used between group effect sizes (Hedges' g ). RESULTS A total of 13 trials with predominately White (68% ± 12; n =7) male (70% ± 11) samples averaging 61 ± 5 yr compared antidepressants (1128 participants) with placebo (1079 participants). Antidepressants reduced depressive symptoms ( g = 0.17: 95% CI, 0.08-0.27), but the effect was small. Heterogeneity among study effects was low ( I2 = 6.42) and nonsignificant ( Q = 10.75, P = .46), although patients with heart failure ( gHF = 0.05: 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.18) demonstrated smaller effects compared with patients with other cardiovascular disease conditions (g non-HF = 0.22: 95% CI, 0.11-0.32) ( QB [1] = 3.97; P < .05). No study reported safety concerns associated with antidepressants. SUMMARY The effect size of antidepressant pharmacotherapy in this population is small. No trials reported on the combined effects of exercise and pharmacotherapy. If the patient is not suicidal, CR staff may consider patient preference and refer patients for additional treatment as necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel W. Hughes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Tyler A. Kuhn
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - David Ede
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Emily C. Gathright
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Richard A. Josephson
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland Medical Center, Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Health System, Cleveland, Ohio
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Verma H, Bhattacharjee A, Shivavedi N, Nayak PK. Evaluation of rosmarinic acid against myocardial infarction in maternally separated rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:1189-1207. [PMID: 35876905 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Depression and coronary heart diseases are the common comorbid disorder affecting humans globally. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of rosmarinic acid (RA) against myocardial infarction (MI) in comorbid depression induced by maternal separation in rats. Maternal stress is one of the childhood crises that may be a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease in later part of life. As per protocol, 70-80% of pups were separated daily for 3 h between postnatal day 1 (PND1) and postnatal day 21 (PND21). Forced-swim test, sucrose preference test, and electrocardiography were performed during the experiment. Body weight was measured on PND0, PND35, and PND55. Orally rosmarinic acid (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) was done from PND35 to PND55. On PND53 and PND54, isoproterenol (100 mg/kg, subcutaneously) was administered to induce myocardial infarction. On PND55, blood was collected and animals sacrificed, and plasma corticosterone, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cardiac biomarkers, interleukine-10, and anti-oxidant parameters were measured. Rosmarinic acid and fluoxetine ameliorated the maternal separation-induced increase in immobility period, anhedonia, body weight, ST elevation, corticosterone, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). At the same time, both drugs elevated the tissue levels of BDNF, IL-10, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activity. This study provides the first experimental evidence that maternal stress is an independent risk factor of cardiac abnormalities in rats. Moreover, maternal stress synergistically increases the severity of cardiac abnormalities induced by isoproterenol. Interestingly, fluoxetine and rosmarinic acid effectively ameliorated behavioral anomalies and myocardial infarction in maternally separated rats. Schematic representation of possible molecular mechanism of action of rosmarinic acid against MS-induced myocardial infarction. RA, rosmarinic acid; MS, maternal separation; PND, postnatal days; ISO, isoproterenol; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; GSH, glutathione; SOD, superoxide dismutase; IL-10, interleukin-10; MI, myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anindita Bhattacharjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Naveen Shivavedi
- Shri Ram Group of Institutions, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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IŞIK B, ÖZEN KOCA R, SOLAK GÖRMÜŞ ZI, SOLAK H, ÖZDEMİR A, EMEKSİZ A. Fluoksetinin sıçan torasik aort düz kasındaki vazoaktif etkileri. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1085783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Literatürdeki çalışmaların çoğu fluoksetinin kardiyo/serebrovasküler sistemler üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanmış olsa da, vazomotor etkisi hakkında bilinenler hala sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, fluoksetinin sıçan torasik aort halkalarında düz kas üzerindeki vazoaktif etkilerini deneysel bir düzende araştırmak için planlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 24 adet yetişkin Wistar albino rat iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup1-Endotel sağlam grup, Grup2-Endotel hasarlı grup. Servikal dislokasyon sonrası torasik aort izole edildi. Aort halkaları hemen Krebs solüsyonu içeren organ banyosu haznelerine yerleştirildi. Aort halkalarının izometrik gerimindeki değişiklikler kaydedildi. Fenilefrin 10-6M uygulandı ve kasılmalar kaydedildi. Daha sonra Grup 1'e kümülatif dozlarda (0.01, 0.1, 1, 2 mM) fluoksetin uygulandı. Grup 2'de endotel hasarı oluşturuldu. Asetilkolin 10-6M ile endotel hasarı kontrol edildikten sonra, halkalar bir saat yıkanarak ikinci doz fenilefrin hazneye eklendi. Ardından Grup 2'ye kümülatif olarak fluoksetin uygulanıp kasılmalar kaydedildi.
Bulgular: Fluoksetinin doza bağımlı ana vazodilatör etkisi anlamlı olarak farklıyken [F (5.110) =72.740, p
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent IŞIK
- KARAMANOGLU MEHMETBEY UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
| | | | | | - Hatice SOLAK
- KUTAHYA HEALTH SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
| | - Ayşe ÖZDEMİR
- NECMETTIN ERBAKAN UNIVERSITY, MERAM SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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Liblik K, Théberge E, Gomes Z, Burbidge E, Menon N, Gobran J, Johri AM. Improving Wellbeing After Acute Coronary Syndrome. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022:101201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Feng Z, Tong WK, Tang Z. Longitudinal trends in the prevalence and treatment of depression among adults with cardiovascular disease: An analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey 2009-2020. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:943165. [PMID: 36159924 PMCID: PMC9492917 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.943165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the contemporary prevalence and decadal trends of depression and antidepressant use among adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the United States, as well as their risk factors from 2009 to 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to calculate the weighted prevalence of depression and antidepressant use. Adults aged 20 years or older with CVD were included. Depression and CVD were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and self-report, respectively. RESULTS A total of 3,073 eligible participants with CVD aged >20 years were included. The overall prevalence of depression defined by PHQ-9 score ≥10 was 15.7% (95% CI 13.8-17.5), with a steady trend during 2009-March 2020 (p = 0.777). Female gender (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.20-2.64) and sleep disorder (aOR 2.62, 95% CI 1.78-3.86) were independent risk factors for depression in CVD patients, while high education level, high income, longer sleep duration, and non-current smokers were considered protective factors. The weighted prevalence of antidepressant use among depressed patients with CVD was 38.6%, which also remained unchanged during the survey period (p = 0.699). Participants with normal sleep pattern and duration were significantly less likely to take antidepressants (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The longitudinal trends in the prevalence of depression among CVD patients in the United States have been stable over the past decade, despite being significantly higher in women, and those with sleep disorders. Overall, antidepressant use was fairly low. Aggressive screening and tailored treatment are recommended for specific vulnerable subpopulations to improve their clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wai Kei Tong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijia Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tully PJ, Ang SY, Lee EJ, Bendig E, Bauereiß N, Bengel J, Baumeister H. Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 12:CD008012. [PMID: 34910821 PMCID: PMC8673695 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008012.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression occurs frequently in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) and is associated with a poor prognosis. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in CAD patients with comorbid depression. SEARCH METHODS We searched the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases up to August 2020. We also searched three clinical trials registers in September 2021. We examined reference lists of included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and contacted primary authors. We applied no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs investigating psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in adults with CAD and comorbid depression. Our primary outcomes included depression, mortality, and cardiac events. Secondary outcomes were healthcare costs and utilisation, health-related quality of life, cardiovascular vital signs, biomarkers of platelet activation, electrocardiogram wave parameters, non-cardiac adverse events, and pharmacological side effects. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently examined the identified papers for inclusion and extracted data from the included studies. We performed random-effects model meta-analyses to compute overall estimates of treatment outcomes. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-seven trials fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Psychological interventions may result in a reduction in end-of-treatment depression symptoms compared to controls (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.92 to -0.19, I2 = 88%; low certainty evidence; 10 trials; n = 1226). No effect was evident on medium-term depression symptoms one to six months after the end of treatment (SMD -0.20, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.01, I2 = 69%; 7 trials; n = 2654). The evidence for long-term depression symptoms and depression response was sparse for this comparison. There is low certainty evidence that psychological interventions may result in little to no difference in end-of-treatment depression remission (odds ratio (OR) 2.02, 95% CI 0.78 to 5.19, I2 = 87%; low certainty evidence; 3 trials; n = 862). Based on one to two trials per outcome, no beneficial effects on mortality and cardiac events of psychological interventions versus control were consistently found. The evidence was very uncertain for end-of-treatment effects on all-cause mortality, and data were not reported for end-of-treatment cardiovascular mortality and occurrence of myocardial infarction for this comparison. In the trials examining a head-to-head comparison of varying psychological interventions or clinical management, the evidence regarding the effect on end-of-treatment depression symptoms is very uncertain for: cognitive behavioural therapy compared to supportive stress management; behaviour therapy compared to person-centred therapy; cognitive behavioural therapy and well-being therapy compared to clinical management. There is low certainty evidence from one trial that cognitive behavioural therapy may result in little to no difference in end-of-treatment depression remission compared to supportive stress management (OR 1.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 4.50; low certainty evidence; n = 83). Based on one to two trials per outcome, no beneficial effects on depression remission, depression response, mortality rates, and cardiac events were consistently found in head-to-head comparisons between psychological interventions or clinical management. The review suggests that pharmacological intervention may have a large effect on end-of-treatment depression symptoms (SMD -0.83, 95% CI -1.33 to -0.32, I2 = 90%; low certainty evidence; 8 trials; n = 750). Pharmacological interventions probably result in a moderate to large increase in depression remission (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.89, I2 = 0%; moderate certainty evidence; 4 trials; n = 646). We found an effect favouring pharmacological intervention versus placebo on depression response at the end of treatment, though strength of evidence was not rated (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.65 to 4.54, I2 = 62%; 5 trials; n = 891). Based on one to four trials per outcome, no beneficial effects regarding mortality and cardiac events were consistently found for pharmacological versus placebo trials, and the evidence was very uncertain for end-of-treatment effects on all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction. In the trials examining a head-to-head comparison of varying pharmacological agents, the evidence was very uncertain for end-of-treatment effects on depression symptoms. The evidence regarding the effects of different pharmacological agents on depression symptoms at end of treatment is very uncertain for: simvastatin versus atorvastatin; paroxetine versus fluoxetine; and escitalopram versus Bu Xin Qi. No trials were eligible for the comparison of a psychological intervention with a pharmacological intervention. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In individuals with CAD and depression, there is low certainty evidence that psychological intervention may result in a reduction in depression symptoms at the end of treatment. There was also low certainty evidence that pharmacological interventions may result in a large reduction of depression symptoms at the end of treatment. Moderate certainty evidence suggests that pharmacological intervention probably results in a moderate to large increase in depression remission at the end of treatment. Evidence on maintenance effects and the durability of these short-term findings is still missing. The evidence for our primary and secondary outcomes, apart from depression symptoms at end of treatment, is still sparse due to the low number of trials per outcome and the heterogeneity of examined populations and interventions. As psychological and pharmacological interventions can seemingly have a large to only a small or no effect on depression, there is a need for research focusing on extracting those approaches able to substantially improve depression in individuals with CAD and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Tully
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ser Yee Ang
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emily Jl Lee
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eileen Bendig
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Natalie Bauereiß
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bengel
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Blumenthal JA, Smith PJ, Jiang W, Hinderliter A, Watkins LL, Hoffman BM, Kraus WE, Liao L, Davidson J, Sherwood A. Effect of Exercise, Escitalopram, or Placebo on Anxiety in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: The Understanding the Benefits of Exercise and Escitalopram in Anxious Patients With Coronary Heart Disease (UNWIND) Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:1270-1278. [PMID: 34406354 PMCID: PMC8374738 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Anxiety is common among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and is associated with worse health outcomes; however, effective treatment for anxiety in patients with CHD is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To determine whether exercise and escitalopram are better than placebo in reducing symptoms of anxiety as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression-Anxiety Subscale (HADS-A) and in improving CHD risk biomarkers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical trial was conducted between January 2016 and May 2020 in a tertiary care teaching hospital in the US and included 128 outpatients with stable CHD and a diagnosed anxiety disorder or a HADS-A score of 8 or higher who were older than 40 years, sedentary, and not currently receiving mental health treatment. INTERVENTIONS Twelve weeks of aerobic exercise 3 times per week at an intensity of 70% to 85% heart rate reserve, escitalopram (up to 20 mg per day), or placebo pill equivalent. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was HADS-A score. CHD biomarkers included heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, and flow-mediated dilation, along with 24-hour urinary catecholamines. RESULTS The study included 128 participants. The mean (SD) age was 64.6 (9.6) years, and 37 participants (29%) were women. Participants randomized to the exercise group and escitalopram group reported greater reductions in HADS-A (exercise, -4.0; 95% CI, -4.7 to -3.2; escitalopram, -5.7; 95% CI, -6.4 to -5.0) compared with those randomized to placebo (-3.5; 95% CI, -4.5 to -2.4; P = .03); participants randomized to escitalopram reported less anxiety compared with those randomized to exercise (-1.67; 95% CI, -2.68 to -0.66; P = .002). Significant postintervention group differences in 24-hour urinary catecholamines were found (exercise z score = 0.05; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.3; escitalopram z score = -0.24; 95% CI, -0.4 to 0; placebo z score = 0.36; 95% CI, 0 to 0.7), with greater reductions in the exercise group and escitalopram group compared with the placebo group (F1,127 = 4.93; P = .01) and greater reductions in the escitalopram group compared with the exercise group (F1,127 = 4.37; P = .04). All groups achieved comparable but small changes in CHD biomarkers, with no differences between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Treatment of anxiety with escitalopram was safe and effective for reducing anxiety in patients with CHD. However, the beneficial effects of exercise on anxiety symptoms were less consistent. Exercise and escitalopram did not improve CHD biomarkers of risk, which should prompt further investigation of these interventions on clinical outcomes in patients with anxiety and CHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02516332.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alan Hinderliter
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Lana L. Watkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Benson M. Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William E. Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lawrence Liao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan Davidson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew Sherwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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12
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Mortensen JK, Andersen G. Safety considerations for prescribing SSRI antidepressants to patients at increased cardiovascular risk. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 21:467-475. [PMID: 34569395 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2022.1986001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the development of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), a relatively uncomplicated treatment of depression and a safer alternative to tricyclic antidepressants was introduced. Any medical treatment has potential safety risks, however, and these risks should also be considered when prescribing SSRIs. AREAS COVERED The present review focuses on safety considerations when prescribing SSRIs to patients with previous stroke and myocardial infarction, as depression, and the need for antidepressant treatment, is common in these patients. At the same time, patients with stroke and myocardial infarction may be at increased risk of developing adverse events due to higher age, comorbidity, and co-medication. Specifically, the evidence of the risk of QT prolongation and bleeding versus thrombotic events will be discussed in the present review. EXPERT OPINION No medical treatment comes without risk and SSRIs are no exception. Depression, a common complication after vascular events, is a potentially life-threatening condition in itself and relevant and sufficient treatment is imperative. SSRIs are often the first medical treatment choice in the ambulatory setting, also in patients at increased cardiovascular risk. Relevant comorbidity and co-medication, however, should always be taken into account when initiating treatment and when choosing a specific SSRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Kaergaard Mortensen
- Dept of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Dept. Of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Grethe Andersen
- Dept of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Dept. Of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Calvi A, Fischetti I, Verzicco I, Belvederi Murri M, Zanetidou S, Volpi R, Coghi P, Tedeschi S, Amore M, Cabassi A. Antidepressant Drugs Effects on Blood Pressure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:704281. [PMID: 34414219 PMCID: PMC8370473 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.704281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals suffering from depressive disorders display a greater incidence of hypertension compared with the general population, despite reports of the association between depression and hypotension. This phenomenon may depend, at least in part, on the use of antidepressant drugs, which may influence blood pressure through different effects on adrenergic and serotoninergic pathways, as well as on histaminergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic systems. This review summarizes extant literature on the effect of antidepressant drugs on blood pressure. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are characterized by limited effects on autonomic system activity and a lower impact on blood pressure. Thus, they represent the safest class—particularly among elderly and cardiovascular patients. Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, particularly venlafaxine, carry a greater risk of hypertension, possibly related to greater effects on the sympathetic nervous system. The norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine is considered a safe option because of its neutral effects on blood pressure in long-term studies, even if both hypotensive and hypertensive effects are reported. The dopamine–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor bupropion can lead to blood pressure increases, usually at high doses, but may also cause orthostatic hypotension, especially in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The norepinephrine–serotonin modulators, mirtazapine and mianserin, have minimal effects on blood pressure but may rarely lead to orthostatic hypotension and falls. These adverse effects are also observed with the serotonin-reuptake modulators, nefazodone and trazodone, but seldomly with vortioxetine and vilazodone. Agomelatine, the only melatonergic antidepressant drug, may also have limited effects on blood pressure. Tricyclic antidepressants have been associated with increases in blood pressure, as well as orthostatic hypotension, particularly imipramine. Oral monoamine–oxidase inhibitors, less frequently skin patch formulations, have been associated with orthostatic hypotension or, conversely, with hypertensive crisis due to ingestion of tyramine-containing food (i.e., cheese reaction). Lastly, a hypertensive crisis may complicate antidepressant treatment as a part of the serotonin syndrome, also including neuromuscular, cognitive, and autonomic dysfunctions. Clinicians treating depressive patients should carefully consider their blood pressure status and cardiovascular comorbidities because of the effects of antidepressant drugs on blood pressure profiles and potential interactions with antihypertensive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Calvi
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fischetti
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ignazio Verzicco
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Martino Belvederi Murri
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stamatula Zanetidou
- Research Group on Mental and Physical Health of the Elderly (ARISMA), Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Volpi
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pietro Coghi
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Tedeschi
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Infant-Maternal Science, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aderville Cabassi
- Cardiorenal and Hypertension Research Unit, Physiopathology Unit, Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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14
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Yang Y, Li X, Chen S, Xiao M, Liu Z, Li J, Cheng Y. Mechanism and therapeutic strategies of depression after myocardial infarction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1401-1415. [PMID: 33594503 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression resulted as an important factor associated with the myocardial infarction (MI) prognosis. Patients with MI also have a higher risk for developing depression. Although the issue of depression after MI has become a matter of clinical concern, the molecular mechanism underlying depression after MI remains unclear, whereby several strategies suggested have not got ideal effects, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In this review, we summarized and discussed the occurrence mechanism of depression after MI, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) dysfunction, altered hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, gut microbiota imbalance, exosomal signal transduction, and inflammation. In addition, we offered a succinct overview of treatment, as well as some promising molecules especially from natural products for the treatment of depression after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuping Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Sixuan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhu Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Dunham S, Wilkening GL, Schwier NC. Which SSRI is safest for patients with CVD and major depressive disorder? JAAPA 2021; 34:18-19. [PMID: 33735134 DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0000735792.92508.a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Major depressive disorder is a common mood disorder and presents increased morbidity and mortality risks for patients with comorbid cardiovascular disease (CVD). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a cornerstone of treatment for major depressive disorder, given their relative safety and affordability compared with other antidepressant classes, and SSRIs frequently are used in patients with CVD. However, clinicians should carefully weigh safety considerations before prescribing SSRIs in these patients. This article reviews the safety of SSRIs in patients with CVD and discusses SSRI selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Dunham
- Sabrina Dunham is a cardiology pharmacy specialty resident at HCA Tristar Centennial Medical Center/University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy in Nashville, Tenn. G. Lucy Wilkening is an associate professor in the Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology at Idaho State University's College of Pharmacy in Meridian, Idaho. Nicholas C. Schwier is an associate professor at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and a clinical pharmacy specialist in cardiology at OU Medicine Inc., both in Oklahoma City, Okla. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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16
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Sweda R, Siontis GC, Nikolakopoulou A, Windecker S, Pilgrim T. Antidepressant treatment in patients following acute coronary syndromes: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:3610-3620. [PMID: 32935927 PMCID: PMC7754966 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of antidepressant therapy on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS AND RESULTS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and performed a Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that investigated antidepressant pharmacotherapy in patients following ACS. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were repeat hospitalizations and recurrent myocardial infarctions (MIs). Ten randomized controlled trials with a total of 1935 patients qualified for inclusion. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were investigated in six, bupropion in three, and mirtazapine in one trial. Placebo was used as control in eight trials. There was no difference in all-cause mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.97, 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.66-1.42] and recurrent MI (OR 0.64, 95% CrI 0.40-1.02) between patients receiving antidepressants compared with controls, whereas antidepressant therapy was associated with less repeat hospitalizations (OR 0.62, 95% CrI 0.40-0.94). In patients with ACS and concomitant depression, antidepressants reduced the odds of recurrent MI compared with usual care/placebo (OR 0.45, 95% CrI 0.25-0.81). Extended funnel plots suggest robustness of the observations. CONCLUSIONS Antidepressants in patients following ACS have no effect on mortality but reduce repeat hospitalizations; in patients with depression, there is a reduced risk of recurrent MI with antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Sweda
- Department of CardiologyInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernCH‐3010Switzerland
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - George C.M. Siontis
- Department of CardiologyInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernCH‐3010Switzerland
| | - Adriani Nikolakopoulou
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Clinical Trials UnitBern University HospitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of CardiologyInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernCH‐3010Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pilgrim
- Department of CardiologyInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of BernBernCH‐3010Switzerland
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17
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Zambrano J, Celano CM, Januzzi JL, Massey CN, Chung WJ, Millstein RA, Huffman JC. Psychiatric and Psychological Interventions for Depression in Patients With Heart Disease: A Scoping Review. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e018686. [PMID: 33164638 PMCID: PMC7763728 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Depression in patients with cardiovascular disease is independently associated with progression of heart disease, major adverse cardiac events, and mortality. A wide variety of depression treatment strategies have been studied in randomized controlled trials as the field works to identify optimal depression treatments in this population. A contemporary scoping review of the literature can help to consolidate and synthesize the growing and disparate literature on depression treatment trials in people with cardiovascular disease. We conducted a scoping review utilizing a systematic search of the literature via 4 databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Google Scholar) from database inception to March 2020. We identified 42 relevant randomized controlled trials of depression treatment interventions in patients with cardiac disease (n=9181 patients with coronary artery disease, n=1981 patients with heart failure). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors appear to be safe in patients with cardiac disease and to have beneficial effects on depression (and some suggestion of cardiac benefit) in patients with coronary artery disease, with less evidence of their efficacy in heart failure. In contrast, psychotherapy appears to be effective for depression in coronary artery disease and heart failure, but with less evidence of cardiac benefit. Newer multimodal depression care management approaches that utilize flexible approaches to patients' care have been less studied but appear promising across cardiac patient groups. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be preferred in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease, psychotherapy may be preferred in heart failure, and more flexible depression care management approaches have shown promise by potentially using both approaches based on patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Zambrano
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Christopher M Celano
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - James L Januzzi
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA.,Division of Cardiology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA
| | - Christina N Massey
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Wei-Jean Chung
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Rachel A Millstein
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Jeff C Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA
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18
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The Cardiovascular Effects of Newer Antidepressants in Older Adults and Those With or At High Risk for Cardiovascular Diseases. CNS Drugs 2020; 34:1133-1147. [PMID: 33064291 PMCID: PMC7666056 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression is common in older adults and those with cardiovascular disease. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors generally have been shown to be safe to treat depression in these patients, it is important to identify additional antidepressants when selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are not effective. This qualitative narrative review summarizes what is known about the cardiovascular side effects of some of the newer antidepressants. Twelve novel non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants were identified from the literature: venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, milnacipran, levomilnacipran, mirtazapine, bupropion, vilazodone, vortioxetine, agomelatine, moclobemide, and ketamine-esketamine. A search restricted to publications written in English was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar with the following search criteria: the specific antidepressant AND (QT OR QTc OR "heart rate" OR "heart rate variability" OR "hypertension" OR "orthostatic hypotension" OR "cardiovascular outcomes" OR "arrhythmia" OR "myocardial infarction" OR "cardiovascular mortality") AND (geriatric OR "older adults" OR "late life depression" OR "cardiovascular disease" OR "hospitalized" OR "hospitalized"). The recommended use, dosing ranges, cardiovascular effects, and general advantages and disadvantages of each of the drugs are discussed. Levomilnacipran and vilazodone have not received enough study to judge their safety in older patients or in those with, or at high risk for, cardiovascular disease. There is at least some evidence for possible adverse events with each of the other newer antidepressants that could be of concern in these patients. Nevertheless, with careful administration and attention to the potential adverse reactions for each drug, these may provide safe effective alternatives for older adults and patients with cardiovascular disease who do not respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. However, more research on the safety and efficacy of these drugs in these specific patient populations is urgently needed.
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El Hadidi S, Rosano G, Tamargo J, Agewall S, Drexel H, Kaski JC, Niessner A, Lewis BS, Coats AJS. Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (PIP-HFrEF). EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2020; 8:187-210. [PMID: 32941594 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic debilitating and potentially life-threatening condition. Heart Failure patients are usually at high risk of polypharmacy and consequently, potentially inappropriate prescribing leading to poor clinical outcomes. Based on the published literature, a comprehensive HF-specific prescribing review tool is compiled to avoid medications that may cause HF or harm HF patients and to optimize the prescribing practice of HF guideline-directed medical therapies. Recommendations are made in line with the last versions of ESC guidelines, ESC position papers, scientific evidence, and experts' opinions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seif El Hadidi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St George's Hospitals NHS Trust University of London, London, UK
| | - Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Agewall
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heinz Drexel
- VIVIT Institute, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Juan Carlos Kaski
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London
| | - Alexander Niessner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Basil S Lewis
- Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrew J S Coats
- Centre of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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20
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A Positive Psychology-Motivational Interviewing Intervention to Promote Positive Affect and Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes: The BEHOLD-8 Controlled Clinical Trial. Psychosom Med 2020; 82:641-649. [PMID: 32665479 PMCID: PMC7676457 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity is associated with superior health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but most T2D patients do not follow physical activity recommendations. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and impact of a novel combined positive psychology-motivational interviewing (PP-MI) intervention to promote physical activity in T2D. METHODS This controlled clinical trial compared an 8-week, phone-delivered PP-MI intervention to an attention-matched MI-enhanced behavioral counseling condition among 60 participants with T2D and suboptimal moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; <150 min/wk). The primary study outcome was feasibility (proportion of sessions completed) and acceptability (0-10 ease and utility ratings of each session). Secondary outcomes were between-group differences in changes in positive affect (main psychological outcome) and accelerometer-measured physical activity (MVPA and steps per day), using mixed-effects regression models, at 8 and 16 weeks. RESULTS Ninety-two percent of PP-MI sessions were completed, and mean participant ratings of ease/utility were 8.5 to 8.8/10, surpassing a priori benchmarks for feasibility and acceptability. PP-MI participants had small-medium effect size (ES) difference improvements in positive affect compared with MI (8 weeks: estimated mean difference [EMD] = 3.07 [SE = 1.41], p = .029, ES = 0.44; 16 weeks: EMD = 2.92 [SE = 1.73], p = .092, ES = 0.42). PP-MI participants also had greater improvements in MVPA (8 weeks: EMD = 13.05 min/d [SE = 5.00], p = .009, ES = 1.24; 16 weeks: EMD = 7.96 [SE = 4.53], p = .079, ES = 0.75), with similar improvements in steps per day. CONCLUSIONS The PP-MI intervention was feasible and well accepted. Next-step efficacy studies can more rigorously explore the intervention's effects on physical activity and clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Registration No. NCT03150199.
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21
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Fernandes N, Prada L, Rosa MM, Ferreira JJ, Costa J, Pinto FJ, Caldeira D. The impact of SSRIs on mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease and depression: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 110:183-193. [PMID: 32617669 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is common in patients after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity. However, it is unclear whether selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) reduce mortality or cardiac events in patients with CAD and depression. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of SSRIs on cardiovascular events in depressed CAD patients. METHODS The CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were searched (April 2020) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and extended follow-up analyses of RCTs that compared SSRIs with placebo or no intervention in patients with CAD and depression. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and myocardial infarction incidence. The results were calculated through random-effect meta-analyses and reported in terms of risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS We retrieved 8 RCTs (2 of which with extended follow-up analyses), comprising a total of 1148 patients. 7 studies only included post-ACS patients. SSRIs were associated with a significantly lower risk of myocardial infarction in patients with CAD and depression (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34-0.86), and in post-ACS patients with depression (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.35-0.90). We found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, hospitalizations, angina, congestive heart failure, or stroke incidence. CONCLUSION The use of SSRIs in post-ACS patients with depression was associated with a 44% relative risk reduction of myocardial infarction. No difference in mortality was found. Given that the quality of the evidence was low, further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Fernandes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa Prada
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário Miguel Rosa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.,CNS-Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - João Costa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evidência, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fausto J Pinto
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa-CCUL, CAML, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.,Serviço de Cardiologia, Departamento do Coração e Vasos, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria-CHULN, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniel Caldeira
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal. .,Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa-CCUL, CAML, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal. .,Serviço de Cardiologia, Departamento do Coração e Vasos, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria-CHULN, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Belnap BH, Anderson A, Abebe KZ, Ramani R, Muldoon MF, Karp JF, Rollman BL. Blended Collaborative Care to Treat Heart Failure and Comorbid Depression: Rationale and Study Design of the Hopeful Heart Trial. Psychosom Med 2020; 81:495-505. [PMID: 31083056 PMCID: PMC6602832 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite numerous improvements in care, morbidity from heart failure (HF) has remained essentially unchanged in recent years. One potential reason is that depression, which is comorbid in approximately 40% of hospitalized HF patients and associated with adverse HF outcomes, often goes unrecognized and untreated. The Hopeful Heart Trial is the first study to evaluate whether a widely generalizable telephone-delivered collaborative care program for treating depression in HF patients improves clinical outcomes. METHODS The Hopeful Heart Trial aimed to enroll 750 patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (ejection fraction ≤ 45%) including the following: (A) 625 patients who screened positive for depression both during their hospitalization (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-2]) and two weeks following discharge (PHQ-9 ≥ 10); and (B) 125 non-depressed control patients (PHQ-2(-)/PHQ-9 < 5). We randomized depressed patients to either their primary care physician's "usual care" (UC) or to one of two nurse-delivered 12-month collaborative care programs for (a) depression and HFrEF ("blended") or (b) HrEFF alone (enhanced UC). Our co-primary hypotheses will test whether "blended" care can improve mental health-related quality of life versus UC and versus enhanced UC, respectively, on the Mental Component Summary of the Short-Form 12 Health Survey. Secondary hypotheses will evaluate the effectiveness of our interventions on mood, functional status, hospital readmissions, deaths, provision of evidence-based care for HFrEF, and treatment costs. RESULTS Not applicable. CONCLUSIONS The Hopeful Heart Trial will determine whether "blended" collaborative care for depression and HFrEF is more effective at improving patient-relevant outcomes than collaborative care for HFrEF alone or doctors' UC for HFrEF. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02044211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bea Herbeck Belnap
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Behavioral Health and Smart Technology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amy Anderson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Behavioral Health and Smart Technology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kaleab Z. Abebe
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Clinical Trials & Data Coordination, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ravi Ramani
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mathew F. Muldoon
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jordan F. Karp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bruce L. Rollman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Behavioral Health and Smart Technology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Aronow WS, Shamliyan TA. Effects of antidepressants on QT interval in people with mental disorders. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:727-741. [PMID: 32542073 PMCID: PMC7286318 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced QT prolongation is associated with higher cardiovascular mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a protocol-based comprehensive review of antidepressant-induced QT prolongation in people with mental disorders. RESULTS Based on findings from 47 published randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 3 unpublished RCTs, 14 observational studies, 662 case reports of torsades de pointes, and 168 cases of QT prolongation, we conclude that all antidepressants should be used only with licensed doses, and that all patients receiving antidepressants require monitoring of QT prolongation and clinical symptoms of cardiac arrhythmias. Large observational studies suggest increased mortality associated with all antidepressants (RR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.60-1.63, number of adults: 1,716,552), high doses of tricyclic antidepressants (OR = 2.11, 85% CI 1.10-4.22), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.24-6.24), venlafaxine (OR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.33-10.45, number of adults: 4,040), and nortriptyline (OR = 4.60, 95% CI: 1.20-18.40, number of adults: 5,298). CONCLUSIONS Evidence regarding the risk of QT prolongation in children is sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert S. Aronow
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology Research, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Tatyana A. Shamliyan
- Elsevier, Clinical Solutions, Philadelphia, USA
- Corresponding author: Tatyana A. Shamliyan MD, MS, Elsevier Clinical Solutions, 1600 Kennedy Blvd, 19103 Philadelphia, USA, Phone: 2675004863, E-mail:
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24
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Madsen MT, Zahid JA, Hansen CH, Grummedal O, Hansen JR, Isbrand A, Andersen UO, Andersen LJ, Taskiran M, Simonsen E, Gögenur I. The effect of melatonin on depressive symptoms and anxiety in patients after acute coronary syndrome: The MEDACIS randomized clinical trial. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 119:84-94. [PMID: 31586772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression following acute coronary syndrome is prevalent and associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Melatonin may function as a primary prophylactic antidepressant substance and alleviate depressive symptoms. The study was undertaken to determine if melatonin administered following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could prevent development of depression. METHODS The study was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized clinical trial performed in five primary care cardiology departments at Zealand, Denmark. Included patients were adults patients, free of depression at baseline, included at the latest 4 weeks after acute coronary syndrome. Twenty-five mg melatonin or placebo was administered 1 h before participants' bedtime for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is Major Depression Inventory (MDI) measured every two weeks throughout the trial. Incidence of depression was apriori defined as MDI score ≥ 21 during the trial. Reported exploratory outcomes were patterns of dropout and safety outcomes. RESULTS 1220 patients were screened and 252 participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio. Baseline MDI score in the melatonin and placebo group were, respectively, 6.18 (CI 5.32-7.05) and 5.98 (CI 5.19-6.77). No significant intergroup differences were found during the study in the intention-to-treat analysis or per-protocol analysis. Cumulative events of depressive episodes during the 12 weeks were six in the melatonin group and four in the placebo group. A significant drop in depressive symptoms were present throughout the study period. No intergroup differences were present in dropouts or adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin showed no prophylactic antidepressant effect following acute coronary syndrome. The non-significant results might be due to a type II error or melatonin might not be able to prevent development of depressive symptoms following ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tvilling Madsen
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600, Koege, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600, Koege, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Holbaek Hospital, Smedelundsgade 60, 4300, Holbaek, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koegevej 7-13, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Slagelse Sygehus, Ingemannsvej 18, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark; Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Faelledvej 6, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jawad Ahmad Zahid
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600, Koege, Denmark.
| | | | - Ole Grummedal
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600, Koege, Denmark.
| | | | - Anders Isbrand
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | | | - Lars Juel Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koegevej 7-13, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Mustafa Taskiran
- Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Erik Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Faelledvej 6, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600, Koege, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Piña IL, Di Palo KE, Ventura HO. Psychopharmacology and Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:2346-2359. [PMID: 29773162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses common mental health disorders and their associations with cardiovascular disease risks. Commonly found mental health disorders include depression, anxiety, and personality types. The link between depression and cardiovascular disease mortality has been established. Depression is also common in patients with heart failure. In addition to discussing psychological disorders, a review of psychotropic drugs is also included. Drugs are described for therapy for depression and anxiety, as well as associations with cardiovascular drug-drug interactions. Drug-drug interactions are more common and potentially dangerous in elderly patients, in whom the conditions often coexist. The most common drug-drug interactions involve the P450 system of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana L Piña
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.
| | - Katherine E Di Palo
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Hector O Ventura
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, Louisiana; The University of Queensland School of Medicine, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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26
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Kasper S. Choosing among second-generation antidepressant treatments for depressed patients with cardiac diseases. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2019; 23:134-148. [PMID: 30707042 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2018.1519080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The present paper aimed to assist physicians in the accurate choice among second-generation agents (SGAs) for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: We reviewed the published pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) clinical data that report potential -or absence of- drug interactions between second-generation agents (SGAs) and CVD drugs most commonly used in cardiology, including antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants, statins, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, diuretics and the antiarrhythmic drugs amiodarone and digoxin. We also reviewed the cardiovascular safety profile that has been published for each class of SGAs and side effects reported by patients with CVD. Results: Most relevant PK/PD data about SGAs and CVD drugs are based on small studies or detailed case reports. In many cases, the drug interactions are at most assessed in healthy volunteers so that the clinical relevance of findings needs further investigation in patients with CVD. Case reports of serious, sometimes fatal reactions due to concomitant administration of certain drugs require careful consideration. The major cardiac side effects of SGAs include HR increase, postural hypotension and slight prolongation of the intraventricular conduction time and QT interval. On normal dosage of antidepressants, both advanced heart block and ventricular arrhythmias could occur in patients with severe heart disease, together with clinically important loss of myocardial contractile force. Conclusions: Data reported in the present review should help physicians about their decision-making processes that govern SGAs use in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Kasper
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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27
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Jha MK, Qamar A, Vaduganathan M, Charney DS, Murrough JW. Screening and Management of Depression in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:1827-1845. [PMID: 30975301 PMCID: PMC7871437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common problem in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with increased mortality, excess disability, greater health care expenditures, and reduced quality of life. Depression is present in 1 of 5 patients with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and heart failure. Depression complicates the optimal management of CVD by worsening cardiovascular risk factors and decreasing adherence to healthy lifestyles and evidence-based medical therapies. As such, standardized screening pathways for depression in patients with CVD offer the potential for early identification and optimal management of depression to improve health outcomes. Unfortunately, the burden of depression in patients with CVD is under-recognized; as a result, screening and management strategies targeting depression have been poorly implemented in patients with CVD. In this review, the authors discuss a practical approach for the screening and management of depression in patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Jha
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Arman Qamar
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. https://twitter.com/AqamarMD
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Heart & Vascular Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. https://twitter.com/mvaduganathan
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Office of the Dean, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James W Murrough
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants in patients with ischemic heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2019; 34:65-75. [PMID: 30531552 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To assess the efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants in adults with ischemic heart disease (IHD). We gathered all available randomized-controlled trials comparing antidepressants versus placebo or other antidepressants in adults with IHD. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms at the study endpoint, as measured by validated rating scales. We pooled data in a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. The confidence in the estimates (or certainty of the evidence) was assessed using the GRADE approach. Antidepressants appeared to be more effective than placebo in reducing depressive symptoms (11 comparisons; 1685 participants; standardized mean difference -0.71, 95% confidence interval: -1.11 to -0.30; GRADE quality: moderate). This result was confirmed in the subgroup of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, and for the single drugs sertraline and citalopram, with a greater magnitude of effect and a higher quality of evidence for the former. No differences between antidepressants and placebo emerged in terms of acceptability and tolerability, quality of life, mortality, and cardiovascular events. Only two small head-to-head studies were identified. Sertraline is a reasonable first-line choice in patients with IHD and depression, whereas the role of citalopram as the first-line agent should be reconsidered.
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Rosen M, Chan P, Saleem M, Herrmann N, Adibfar A, Andreazza A, Oh PI, Lanctôt KL. Longitudinal associations between 4-hydroxynonenal and depression in coronary artery disease patients. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:219-224. [PMID: 30267986 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) attenuate the cardiovascular benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Given that oxidative stress may be an important mechanism underlying depression, this study aimed to understand the longitudinal relationship between lipid peroxidation markers and depression in CAD. Serum levels of early (lipid hydroperoxides, LPH) and late (4‑hydroxy‑2-nonenal, 4-HNE; 8-isoprotane, 8-ISO) lipid peroxidation markers were measured in 120 CAD patients undergoing CR. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis I Disorders - Depression Module (SCID) was used to diagnose depression at baseline and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptom severity. Multivariate mixed models compared the trajectories of serum LPH, 4-HNE, and 8-ISO between depressed and non-depressed CAD patients undergoing 6 months of CR. Similar models evaluated the associations between serum LPH, 4-HNE, and 8-ISO and CES-D score over the course of CR. Serum 4-HNE decreased less in CAD patients with depression compared to those without. In addition, a decrease in 4-HNE concentrations was significantly associated with a decrease in CES-D scores over 6 months. These findings suggest that 4-HNE may be an important marker of depressive symptoms in CAD and may be involved in its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosen
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Parco Chan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahwesh Saleem
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Adibfar
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul I Oh
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, FG-08, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Marwari S, Dawe GS. (R)-fluoxetine enhances cognitive flexibility and hippocampal cell proliferation in mice. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:441-457. [PMID: 29458297 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118754733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is a clinically successful antidepressant. It is a racemic mixture of (R) and (S) stereoisomers. In preclinical studies, chronic treatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) had antidepressant effects correlated with increased hippocampal cell proliferation in adult rodents. However, the contribution of the enantiomers of fluoxetine is largely unknown. We investigated the effects of treatment with (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine on cognitive behavioral paradigms and examined cell proliferation in the hippocampus of C57BL/6J female mice. In a behavioral sequencing task using the IntelliCage system in which discriminated spatial patterns of rewarded and never-rewarded corners were reversed serially, (R)-fluoxetine-treated mice showed rapid acquisition of behavioral sequencing (compared with S-fluoxetine) and cognitive flexibility in subsequent reversal stages in intra- and inter-session analysis. (R)-fluoxetine also increased cell proliferation in the hippocampus, in particular in the suprapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus. (R)-fluoxetine had superior effects to (S)-fluoxetine in elevated plus maze, forced-swim and tail-suspension tests. These results suggest that (R)-fluoxetine, which has been reported to have a shorter half-life than (S)-fluoxetine, has superior antidepressant effects and more consistently improves spatial learning and memory. This profile offers advantages in depression treatment and may also aid management of the neurocognitive impairments associated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhi Marwari
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin S Dawe
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,2 Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, University of Singapore, Singapore
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Wei A, Peng J, Gu Z, Li J. QTc prolongation and torsades de pointes due to a coadministration of fluoxetine and amiodarone in a patient with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: Case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9071. [PMID: 29245320 PMCID: PMC5728935 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Drug-induced prolongation of the corrected QT interval (QTc) may lead to serious and potentially life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia, such as torsades de pointes (Tdp), which is worthy of clinical attention. Here, we report 1 case of Tdp after a coadministration of fluoxetine and amiodarone. PATIENT CONCERNS A 62-year-old Chinese male who placed with the implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) appeared the QTc prolongation and Tdp after the concurrent administration of fluoxetine and amiodarone. DIAGNOSES Torsades de pointes (Tdp). INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with magnesium and potassium immediately. Her ICD-brady pacing mode was reprogrammed to 90 bpm. Meanwhile, both of fluoxetine and amiodarone were discontinued. OUTCOMES The further episodes of Tdp were prevented. After a few days, the QTc gradually decreased without clinically significant arrhythmias. LESSONS The present case demonstrates that a potential drug-drug interaction (DDI) may lead to a life-threatening drug adverse reaction (ADR) especially in special subjects. Therefore, clinicians should closely monitor the electrocardiogram (ECG) when QTc-prolonging agents are given to patients with cardiac abnormalities, and avoid combining 2 QTc-prolonging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhua Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital
| | - Jinlan Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Zhichun Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital
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Ma LL, Kong FJ, Ge JB. Letter by Ma et al Regarding Article, "Depression Treatment and 1-Year Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the TRIUMPH Registry (Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status)". Circulation 2017; 136:1353-1354. [PMID: 28972065 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Ma
- From Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China (L.-L.M., J.-B.G.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, China (L.-L.M.); and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China (F.-J.K.)
| | - Fei-Juan Kong
- From Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China (L.-L.M., J.-B.G.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, China (L.-L.M.); and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China (F.-J.K.)
| | - Jun-Bo Ge
- From Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China (L.-L.M., J.-B.G.); Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, China (L.-L.M.); and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China (F.-J.K.)
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Kumar M, Nayak PK. Psychological sequelae of myocardial infarction. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:487-496. [PMID: 28866415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient with myocardial infarction (MI) are often affected by psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological disorders are disabling and have a negative influence on recovery, reduce the quality of life and causes high mortality rate in MI patients. Despite tremendous advancement in technologies, screening scales, and treatment strategies, psychological sequelae of MI are currently understudied, underestimated, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. Depression is highly prevalent in MI patients followed by anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Pathophysiological factors involved in psychopathologies observed in patients with MI are sympathetic over-activity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, and inflammation. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies evidenced a positive association between MI and psychopathologies with a common molecular pathophysiology. This review provides an update on diagnostic feature, prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical outcomes, and management strategies of psychopathologies associated with MI. Moreover, preclinical research findings on molecular mechanisms involved in post-MI psychopathologies and future therapeutic strategies have been outlined in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Prasanta Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Farnam A, MehrAra A, Dadashzadeh H, Chalabianlou G, Safikhanlou S. Studying the Effect of Sertraline in Reducing Aggressive Behavior in Patients with Major Depression. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:275-279. [PMID: 28761830 PMCID: PMC5527242 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Depression causes dysfunction in various spheres of individual and social life, which is now considered as the fourth-leading cause of the global disease burden. Given that violence and aggression associated with depression in the community cause serious damage to the family, the prediction, early detection and effective treatment of aggressive and violent behavior are essential. The present study compared the severity of aggression before and after treatment with sertraline in patients with major depression.
Methods: This is an intervention type study and the study population consisted of patients with depression and aggression. The sampling included 23 eligible patients. Data were obtained by SCID-I, SCID-II, STAXI-II, BDI-II and was also analyzed using SPSS 23 software.
Results: The results showed that depression, anger mood, desire to verbally express anger, controlling anger and anger control before treatment was reduced but the desire for physical expression of anger increased.
Conclusion: Obtained results in this research support the effect of Sertraline on reduction of severity of depression, reduction of severity of symptoms of aggression and anger (state of anger, anger feeling, and the tendency to express anger verbally), increased controlling external anger and significantly controlling internal anger. Hence, Sertraline can be found effective in the treatment of patients with depression and aggressive behaviors. Also Sertraline increases tend to cause physical representation of anger, then this issue supports the increase in the euthanasia behavior in primary days of treatment with SSRI that requires more assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farnam
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Razi Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo MehrAra
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Razi Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Dadashzadeh
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Razi Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golamreza Chalabianlou
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Razi Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salman Safikhanlou
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Razi Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Heart failure is a chronic, progressive illness that is increasing in prevalence in the USA. Patients with advanced heart failure experience a high symptom burden that is comparable to patients with advanced cancer. Palliative care, however, is underutilized in patients with heart failure, and symptoms may go untreated as the disease progresses. A combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions should be used to address symptoms and maintain quality of life. While there have been significant advances in evidence-based heart failure treatments in recent years, selection of appropriate palliative medications as symptoms progress is challenging due to limited clinical studies in this patient population. Medications that are commonly used for symptom management in other life-limiting illnesses may have little to no evidence in heart failure, or have undesirable cardiac effects that preclude use. Clinicians must extrapolate available clinical evidence and prescribing considerations relevant to heart failure to palliate symptoms as well as possible. The objectives of this paper are to review the most common and distressing symptoms in heart failure, analyze evidence, or lack thereof, for pharmacologic management of symptoms, and provide prescribing considerations based on side effect profiles and comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Stewart
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
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Shapiro PA. Psychiatric Aspects of Heart Disease (and Cardiac Aspects of Psychiatric Disease) in Critical Care. Crit Care Clin 2017; 33:619-634. [PMID: 28601137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Strong emotional reactions are common in patients admitted to cardiac critical care; only some are pathological. Cardiac critical care and associated technologies are associated with predictable psychiatric problems. Many occur as secondary complications of the medical status of the patient, which must be carefully assessed. Depression is common in patients with coronary disease and also for patients with heart failure; treatment is helpful, but persistent depression is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Preexisting psychiatric disorders may predispose to heart disease, and they and their treatment may affect critical care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Shapiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 622 West 168 Street Box 427, New York, NY 10032, USA; Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service, New York-Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Smolderen KG, Buchanan DM, Gosch K, Whooley M, Chan PS, Vaccarino V, Parashar S, Shah AJ, Ho PM, Spertus JA. Depression Treatment and 1-Year Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the TRIUMPH Registry (Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status). Circulation 2017; 135:1681-1689. [PMID: 28209727 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.025140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is prevalent and associated with an adverse quality of life and prognosis. Despite recommendations from some national organizations to screen for depression, it is unclear whether treatment of depression in patients with AMI is associated with better outcomes. We aimed to determine whether the prognosis of patients with treated versus untreated depression differs. METHODS The TRIUMPH study (Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status) is an observational multicenter cohort study that enrolled 4062 patients aged ≥18 years with AMI between April 11, 2005, and December 31, 2008, from 24 US hospitals. Research coordinators administered the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) during the index AMI admission. Depression was defined by a PHQ-9 score of ≥10. Depression was categorized as treated if there was documentation of a discharge diagnosis, medication prescribed for depression, or referral for counseling, and as untreated if none of these 3 criteria was documented in the medical records despite a PHQ score ≥10. One-year mortality was compared between patients with AMI having: (1) no depression (PHQ-9<10; reference); (2) treated depression; and (3) untreated depression adjusting for demographics, AMI severity, and clinical factors. RESULTS Overall, 759 (18.7%) patients met PHQ-9 criteria for depression and 231 (30.4%) were treated. In comparison with 3303 patients without depression, the 231 patients with treated depression had 1-year mortality rates that were not different (6.1% versus 6.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-1.99). In contrast, the 528 patients with untreated depression had higher 1-year mortality in comparison with patients without depression (10.8% versus 6.1%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-2.62). CONCLUSIONS Although depression in patients with AMI is associated with increased long-term mortality, this association may be confined to patients with untreated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim G Smolderen
- From Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (K.G.S., D.M.B., K.G., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of Missouri, Kansas City (K.G.S., D.M.B., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (M.W.); Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (A.J.S.); and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CO (P.M.H.).
| | - Donna M Buchanan
- From Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (K.G.S., D.M.B., K.G., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of Missouri, Kansas City (K.G.S., D.M.B., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (M.W.); Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (A.J.S.); and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CO (P.M.H.)
| | - Kensey Gosch
- From Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (K.G.S., D.M.B., K.G., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of Missouri, Kansas City (K.G.S., D.M.B., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (M.W.); Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (A.J.S.); and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CO (P.M.H.)
| | - Mary Whooley
- From Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (K.G.S., D.M.B., K.G., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of Missouri, Kansas City (K.G.S., D.M.B., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (M.W.); Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (A.J.S.); and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CO (P.M.H.)
| | - Paul S Chan
- From Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (K.G.S., D.M.B., K.G., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of Missouri, Kansas City (K.G.S., D.M.B., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (M.W.); Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (A.J.S.); and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CO (P.M.H.)
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- From Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (K.G.S., D.M.B., K.G., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of Missouri, Kansas City (K.G.S., D.M.B., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (M.W.); Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (A.J.S.); and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CO (P.M.H.)
| | - Susmita Parashar
- From Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (K.G.S., D.M.B., K.G., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of Missouri, Kansas City (K.G.S., D.M.B., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (M.W.); Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (A.J.S.); and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CO (P.M.H.)
| | - Amit J Shah
- From Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (K.G.S., D.M.B., K.G., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of Missouri, Kansas City (K.G.S., D.M.B., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (M.W.); Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (A.J.S.); and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CO (P.M.H.)
| | - P Michael Ho
- From Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (K.G.S., D.M.B., K.G., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of Missouri, Kansas City (K.G.S., D.M.B., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (M.W.); Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (A.J.S.); and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CO (P.M.H.)
| | - John A Spertus
- From Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (K.G.S., D.M.B., K.G., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of Missouri, Kansas City (K.G.S., D.M.B., P.S.C., J.A.S.); University of California, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco (M.W.); Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.V., A.J.S.); Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (A.J.S.); and Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CO (P.M.H.)
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Ketterer MW, Mahr G. Evidence-Based Treatment of Emotional Distress in Patients with Ischemic Coronary Heart Disease. Psychiatr Ann 2016. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20161026-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Anxiety and its associated disorders are common in patients with cardiovascular disease and may significantly influence cardiac health. Anxiety disorders are associated with the onset and progression of cardiac disease, and in many instances have been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality. Both physiologic (autonomic dysfunction, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, changes in platelet aggregation) and health behavior mechanisms may help to explain the relationships between anxiety disorders and cardiovascular disease. Given the associations between anxiety disorders and poor cardiac health, the timely and accurate identification and treatment of these conditions is of the utmost importance. Fortunately, pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions for the management of anxiety disorders are generally safe and effective. Further study is needed to determine whether interventions to treat anxiety disorders ultimately impact both psychiatric and cardiovascular health.
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Depressive Symptoms, and Cognitive Performance in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Analyses From a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 36:436-44. [PMID: 27529771 PMCID: PMC5017271 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This trial investigated the efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) treatment for improving depressive symptoms and cognitive performance in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) participating in cardiac rehabilitation. Patients with CAD aged 45 to 80 years were randomized to receive either 1.9-g/d n-3 PUFA treatment or placebo for 12 weeks. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D, primary outcome) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria were used to identify a depressive episode at baseline. Cognitive performance was measured using a standardized battery for vascular cognitive impairment. In 92 patients (age, 61.7 ± 8.7 y; 76% male, 40% depressed; HAM-D, 6.9 ± 5.9; BDI-II, 12.3 ± 10.9; n = 45 n-3 PUFA, n = 47 placebo), depression decreased (HAM-D, F3,91 = 2.71 and P = 0.049; BDI-II, F3,91 = 6.24 and P < 0.01), and cognitive performance improved (attention/processing speed, F1,91 = 5.57, P = 0.02; executive function, F1,91 = 14.64, P < 0.01; visuospatial memory, F1,91 = 4.01, P = 0.04) over cardiac rehabilitation. Omega-3 PUFA treatment increased plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (F1,29 = 33.29, P < 0.01) and docosahexaenoic acid (F1,29 = 15.29, P < 0.01) concentrations but did not reduce HAM-D (F3,91 = 1.59, P = 0.20) or BDI-II (F3,91 = 0.46, P = 0.50) scores compared with placebo. Treatment did not improve cognitive performance; however, n-3 PUFAs significantly increased verbal memory compared with placebo in a subgroup of nondepressed patients (F1,54 = 4.16, P = 0.04). This trial suggests that n-3 PUFAs do not improve depressive and associated cognitive symptoms in those with CAD. The possible benefits of n-3 PUFAs for verbal memory may warrant investigation in well-powered studies.
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Determinants and escitalopram treatment effects on suicidal ideation in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Findings from the K-DEPACS and EsDEPACS studies. Int J Cardiol 2016; 219:225-30. [PMID: 27336191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is aimed to investigate the determinants of suicidal ideation as well as to assess escitalopram treatment effects on suicidal ideation in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS A total of 1152 patients were consecutively recruited at baseline, 2 to 14weeks after a confirmed ACS episode. Of 446 baseline participants with comorbid depressive disorders, 300 were randomized to a 24-week double-blind trial of escitalopram or placebo treatment. Suicidal ideation was determined using the "suicidal thoughts" item of the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, cardiovascular risk factors, and current cardiac status, were assessed. RESULTS Suicidal ideation was independently associated with past history of depression, depressive and anxiety disorders, and higher troponin I levels. Escitalopram treatment was significantly more efficacious in reducing and treating suicidal ideation than placebo treatment over a 24-week period. These effects were largely explained by remission status of depressive and anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal ideation is associated with unfavorable psychiatric and ACS status during the acute phase of ACS. Successful treatment of depression and anxiety with escitalopram had significant beneficial effects on suicidal ideation in these patients.
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Abstract
Depression is among the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders in the world. A striking feature of this disorder is that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Research indicates that genetic, biological and environmental factors contribute to the gender differences noted in depression. Women are more likely to suffer a greater number of and more severe stressful life events compared with men, although no gender difference has been found to explain the genetic vulnerability. As individuals with depression most frequently present to general practitioners, healthcare providers should consider screening for depression and using rigorous treatment strategies for depressed patients with comorbid medical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Sloan
- Department of Psychology, Weiss Hall, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA, Tel.: +1 1 215 204 1571; Fax: +1 215 204 5539
| | - Arthur R Sandt
- Department of Psychology, Weiss Hall, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA, Tel.: +1 1 215 204 1571; Fax: +1 215 204 5539
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Abstract
Depression in patients who have had a myocardial infarction is an important clinical problem because it is extremely common and because the comorbidity complicates depression treatment and worsens the cardiovascular prognosis. Studies of psychotherapy, exercise, pharmacotherapy, and collaborative care demonstrate that effective treatment of depression is possible but the strength of the effects seen in most studies is low, and cardiovascular and all-cause morbidity and mortality benefits have not been proven. Recent collaborative care studies have had promising outcomes. For pharmacotherapy, side effects, including bleeding and arrhythmia risks, require special attention. Recovery from depression is associated with better long-term cardiovascular prognosis, while treatment per se is not.
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Page RL, O'Bryant CL, Cheng D, Dow TJ, Ky B, Stein CM, Spencer AP, Trupp RJ, Lindenfeld J. Drugs That May Cause or Exacerbate Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016; 134:e32-69. [PMID: 27400984 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a common, costly, and debilitating syndrome that is associated with a highly complex drug regimen, a large number of comorbidities, and a large and often disparate number of healthcare providers. All of these factors conspire to increase the risk of heart failure exacerbation by direct myocardial toxicity, drug-drug interactions, or both. This scientific statement is designed to serve as a comprehensive and accessible source of drugs that may cause or exacerbate heart failure to assist healthcare providers in improving the quality of care for these patients.
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Abstract
Depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) are leading causes of disability and show a high comorbidity. Furthermore, depression is an independent risk factor for an unfavorable course and increased mortality in patients with CHD. In contrast, successful treatment of depression can reduce the risk of cardiac events. Currently, there are several treatment options for the management of depression in CHD, including self-management strategies, psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and collaborative care models. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology of depression in CHD, the mechanisms of association and the current state of evidence with respect to the different treatment options.
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Jani BD, Purves D, Barry SJE, McCowan C, Cavanagh J, Mair FS. The effects of anti-depressants on depression symptom scores at 12 months follow-up in patients with cardiometabolic disease: Results from a large primary care cohort. J Family Med Prim Care 2015; 4:373-9. [PMID: 26286616 PMCID: PMC4535098 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.161324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence on the long-term usefulness of anti-depressants in managing depression in cardiometabolic disease is limited. Aim: We examined the effects of anti-depressant prescribing on depressive symptoms at 12 months follow-up in patients with cardiometabolic disease and a positive depression screening result at baseline. Design and Setting: We retrospectively reviewed routine UK primary care data for patients with coronary heart disease, diabetes and previous stroke for the year 2008–2009. 35,537 patients with one of the three above diseases underwent depression screening using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Of 7080 patients with a positive screening result (HADS-D ≥ 8), 3933 (55.5%) patients had a repeat HADS-D recorded at 12 months follow-up. Methods: We compared the change in HADS-D at follow-up and remission rate in those who were prescribed anti-depressants (n = 223) against those who were not (n = 3710). Results: The mean change in HADS-D from baseline, for the nonprescribed group was similar to the reduction observed in patients who were continuously prescribed (n = 93) with anti-depressants during follow-up. Patients who were prescribed intermittently (n = 72) or only one (n = 58) prescription during follow-up had a lower reduction in HADS-D compared to the nonprescribed group. There was no difference in remission rates between continuously prescribed and the nonprescribed group, but remission was lower in patients prescribed intermittently and single prescription. Conclusion: Improvement in depressive symptoms in patients with cardiometabolic disease at 12 months was not any better in patients prescribed with anti-depressants compared to the nonprescribed group. The role of anti-depressants in the management of depression in cardiometabolic disease merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhautesh Dinesh Jani
- General Practice and Primary Care, Sackler Institute, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Southern General Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Purves
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Sackler Institute, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Southern General Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J E Barry
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Sackler Institute, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Southern General Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin McCowan
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Sackler Institute, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Southern General Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Sackler Institute, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Southern General Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Frances S Mair
- General Practice and Primary Care, Sackler Institute, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Southern General Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Kim JM, Stewart R, Bae KY, Kang HJ, Kim SW, Shin IS, Hong YJ, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Yoon JS. Correlates and Escitalopram Treatment Effects on Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: K-DEPACS and EsDEPACS. Sleep 2015; 38:1105-11. [PMID: 25581916 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate the correlates of sleep disturbance and to assess escitalopram treatment effects of depression on sleep disturbance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). DESIGN A cross-sectional study in patients with ACS within 2 w post-ACS, and a 24-w double-blind controlled trial of escitalopram against placebo for patients with ACS who have comorbid depressive disorders. SETTING A university hospital in South Korea. PARTICIPANTS There were 1,152 patients with ACS who were consecutively recruited. Of 446 patients with comorbid depressive disorders, 300 were randomized to the trial. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sleep disturbance was evaluated by the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed, including cardiovascular risk factors, current cardiac status, and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were most strongly and consistently associated with sleep disturbance. In addition, older age, female sex, hypertension, and more severe ACS status were associated with certain aspects of sleep disturbance. Escitalopram was significantly superior to placebo for improving sleep disturbance over the 24-w treatment period. These effects were substantially explained by improvement in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Depression screening is indicated in patients with acute coronary syndrome with sleep disturbance. Successful treatment of depression has beneficial effects on sleep outcomes in these patients. CLINICAL TRIALS INFORMATION ClinicalTrial.gov identifier for the 24-w drug trial, NCT00419471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Kim
- Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyung-Yeol Bae
- Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) commonly have syndromal major depression, and depression has been associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of depression is between 17% and 47% in CVD patients. Pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions have long been studied, and in general are safe and somewhat efficacious in decreasing depressive symptoms in patients with CVD. The impact on cardiac outcomes remains unclear. The evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials indicates that antidepressants, especially selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, are overwhelmingly safe, and likely to be effective in the treatment of depression in patients with CVD. This review describes the prevalence of depression in patients with CVD, the physiological links between depression and CVD, the treatment options for affective disorders, and the clinical trials that demonstrate efficacy and safety of antidepressant medications and psychotherapy in this patient population. Great progress has been made in understanding potential mediators between major depressive disorder and CVD—both health behaviors and shared biological risks such as inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mavrides
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center on Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center on Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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