1
|
Han H, Zhan T, Guo N, Cui M, Xu Y. Cryopreservation of organoids: Strategies, innovation, and future prospects. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300543. [PMID: 38403430 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Organoid technology has demonstrated unique advantages in multidisciplinary fields such as disease research, tumor drug sensitivity, clinical immunity, drug toxicology, and regenerative medicine. It will become the most promising research tool in translational research. However, the long preparation time of organoids and the lack of high-quality cryopreservation methods limit the further application of organoids. Although the high-quality cryopreservation of small-volume biological samples such as cells and embryos has been successfully achieved, the existing cryopreservation methods for organoids still face many bottlenecks. In recent years, with the development of materials science, cryobiology, and interdisciplinary research, many new materials and methods have been applied to cryopreservation. Several new cryopreservation methods have emerged, such as cryoprotectants (CPAs) of natural origin, ice-controlled biomaterials, and rapid rewarming methods. The introduction of these technologies has expanded the research scope of cryopreservation of organoids, provided new approaches and methods for cryopreservation of organoids, and is expected to break through the current technical bottleneck of cryopreservation of organoids. This paper reviews the progress of cryopreservation of organoids in recent years from three aspects: damage factors of cryopreservation of organoids, new protective agents and loading methods, and new technologies of cryopreservation and rewarming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengxin Han
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai, China
| | - Taijie Zhan
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdong Cui
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Advances in the slow freezing cryopreservation of microencapsulated cells. J Control Release 2018; 281:119-138. [PMID: 29782945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the use of cell microencapsulation technology has been promoted for a wide range of applications as sustained drug delivery systems or as cells containing biosystems for regenerative medicine. However, difficulty in their preservation and storage has limited their availability to healthcare centers. Because the preservation in cryogenic temperatures poses many biological and biophysical challenges and that the technology has not been well understood, the slow cooling cryopreservation, which is the most used technique worldwide, has not given full measure of its full potential application yet. This review will discuss the different steps that should be understood and taken into account to preserve microencapsulated cells by slow freezing in a successful and simple manner. Moreover, it will review the slow freezing preservation of alginate-based microencapsulated cells and discuss some recommendations that the research community may pursue to optimize the preservation of microencapsulated cells, enabling the therapy translate from bench to the clinic.
Collapse
|
3
|
Di Marco E, Gray SP, Kennedy K, Szyndralewiez C, Lyle AN, Lassègue B, Griendling KK, Cooper ME, Schmidt HHHW, Jandeleit-Dahm KAM. NOX4-derived reactive oxygen species limit fibrosis and inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in diabetic atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:556-567. [PMID: 27445103 PMCID: PMC5446082 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and fibrosis contribute to the development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Oxidative stress caused by increased production or unphysiological location of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a known major pathomechanism. However, in atherosclerosis, in particular under hyperglycaemic/diabetic conditions, the hydrogen peroxide-producing NADPH oxidase type 4 (NOX4) is protective. Here we aim to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this paradoxical atheroprotection of vascular smooth muscle NOX4 under conditions of normo- and hyperglycaemia both in vivo and ex vivo. Following 20-weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, Apoe(-/-) mice showed a reduction in SM-alpha-actin and calponin gene expression with concomitant increases in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), osteopontin (OPN) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin when compared to non-diabetic controls. Genetic deletion of Nox4 (Nox4(-/)(-)Apoe(-/-)) exacerbated diabetes-induced expression of PDGF, OPN, collagen I, and proliferation marker Ki67. Aortic SMCs isolated from NOX4-deficient mice exhibited a dedifferentiated phenotype including loss of contractile gene expression, increased proliferation and ECM production as well as elevated levels of NOX1-associated ROS. Mechanistic studies revealed that elevated PDGF signalling in NOX4-deficient SMCs mediated the loss of calponin and increase in fibronectin, while the upregulation of NOX1 was associated with the increased expression of OPN and markers of proliferation. These findings demonstrate that NOX4 actively regulates SMC pathophysiological responses in diabetic Apoe(-/-) mice and in primary mouse SMCs through the activities of PDGF and NOX1.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Becaplermin
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- NADPH Oxidase 1/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Superoxides/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Di Marco
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen P Gray
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kit Kennedy
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alicia N Lyle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology & Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Karin A M Jandeleit-Dahm
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pirnia A, Parivar K, Hemadi M, Yaghmaei P, Gholami M. Stemness of spermatogonial stem cells encapsulated in alginate hydrogel during cryopreservation. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pirnia
- Department of Biology; Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - K. Parivar
- Department of Biology; Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - M. Hemadi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
| | - P. Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology; Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - M. Gholami
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research center and department of Anatomical sciences; Lorestan University of Medical Sciences; Khorramabad Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu H, Yu L, He Y, Lyu Y, Wang B. Microencapsulated Pig Islet Xenotransplantation as an Alternative Treatment of Diabetes. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:474-89. [PMID: 26028249 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Heart Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmad HF, Sambanis A. Cryopreservation effects on recombinant myoblasts encapsulated in adhesive alginate hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6814-22. [PMID: 23499987 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation in hydrogels is widely used in tissue engineering applications, including encapsulation of islets or other insulin-secreting cells in pancreatic substitutes. Use of adhesive, biofunctionalized hydrogels is receiving increasing attention as cell-matrix interactions in three-dimensional (3-D) environments can be important for various cell processes. With pancreatic substitutes, studies have indicated benefits of 3-D adhesion on the viability and/or function of insulin-secreting cells. As long-term storage of microencapsulated cells is critical for their clinical translation, cryopreservation of cells in hydrogels is being actively investigated. Previous studies have examined the cryopreservation response of cells encapsulated in non-adhesive hydrogels using conventional freezing and/or vitrification (ice-free cryopreservation); however, none have systematically compared the two cryopreservation methods with cells encapsulated within an adhesive 3-D environment. The latter would be significant, as evidence suggests adhesion influences the cellular response to cryopreservation. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the response to conventional freezing and vitrification of insulin-secreting cells encapsulated in an adhesive biomimetic hydrogel. Recombinant insulin-secreting C2C12 myoblasts were encapsulated in oxidized RGD-alginate and cultured for 1 or 4days post-encapsulation, cryopreserved, and assessed up to 3days post-warming for metabolic activity and insulin secretion, and 1day post-warming for cell morphology. Besides certain transient differences in the vitrified group relative to the fresh control, both conventional freezing and vitrification maintained the metabolism, secretory activity, and morphology of the recombinant C2C12 cells. Thus, due to a simpler procedure and slightly superior results, conventional freezing is recommended over vitrification for the cryopreservation of C2C12 cells encapsulated in oxidized, RGD-modified alginate.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahmad HF, Simpson NE, Lawson AN, Sambanis A. Cryopreservation effects on intermediary metabolism in a pancreatic substitute: a (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance study. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2323-31. [PMID: 22697373 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation is important for clinical translation of tissue-engineered constructs. With respect to a pancreatic substitute, encapsulated islets or beta cells have been widely studied for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Besides cell viability loss, cryopreservation may affect the function of the remaining viable cells in a pancreatic substitute by altering fundamental processes in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, such as pathways associated with intermediary metabolism, potentially leading to insulin-secretion defects. In this study, we used (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and isotopomer analysis to determine the effects of conventional freezing and ice-free cryopreservation (vitrification) on carbon flow through tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-associated pathways in encapsulated murine insulinoma βTC-tet cells; the secretory function of the encapsulated cells postpreservation was also evaluated. Specifically, calcium alginate-encapsulated βTC-tet cells were frozen or vitrified with a cryoprotectant cocktail. Beads were warmed and (13)C labeling and extraction were performed. Insulin secretion rates were determined during basal and labeling periods and during small-scale glucose stimulation and K(+)-induced depolarization. Relative metabolic fluxes were determined from (13)C NMR spectra using a modified single pyruvate pool model with the tcaCALC modeling program. Treatments were compared with nonpreserved controls. Results showed that relative carbon flow through TCA-cycle-associated pathways was not affected by conventional freezing or vitrification. However, vitrification, but not freezing, led to impaired insulin secretion on a per viable cell basis. The reduced secretion from the Vitrified group occurred irrespective of scale and was present whether secretion was stimulated by glucose or K(+)-induced depolarization, indicating that it might be due to a defect in late-stage secretion events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajira F Ahmad
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Malpique R, Osório LM, Ferreira DS, Ehrhart F, Brito C, Zimmermann H, Alves PM. Alginate Encapsulation as a Novel Strategy for the Cryopreservation of Neurospheres. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:965-77. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Malpique
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luísa M. Osório
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniela S. Ferreira
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Friederike Ehrhart
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- Kryobiophysik & Kryotechnologie, Fraunhofer-Institut for Biomedical Engineering, Universität des Saarlandes, St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Kryobiophysik & Kryotechnologie, Fraunhofer-Institut for Biomedical Engineering, Universität des Saarlandes, St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Paula M. Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bioartificial pancreas microencapsulation and conformal coating of islet of Langerhans. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:827-40. [PMID: 20138097 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes has been successfully treated by transplanting islets of Langerhans (islets), endocrine tissue releasing insulin. Serious issues, however, still remain. The administration of immunosuppressive drugs is required to prolong graft functioning; however, side effects of their long-term use on recipients are not fully understood, and cell transplantation therapy without the use of immunosuppressive drugs is desired. To resolve these issues, the encapsulation of isles with a semi-permeable membrane, or bioartificial pancreas, has been attempted. Many groups have reported that it functions very well in small animal models. Few of the bioartificial pancreases, however, were applied to human patients and their clinical outcome was not clear. In this review, we address obstacles and overview new techniques to overcome these issues, such as conformal coating and islet enclosure with cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
Malpique R, Ehrhart F, Katsen-Globa A, Zimmermann H, Alves PM. Cryopreservation of adherent cells: strategies to improve cell viability and function after thawing. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2009; 15:373-86. [PMID: 19196129 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The commonly applied cryopreservation protocols routinely used in laboratories worldwide were developed for simple cell suspensions, and their application to complex systems, such as cell monolayers, tissues, or biosynthetic constructs, is not straightforward. In particular for monolayer cultures, cell detachment and membrane damage are often observed after cryopreservation. In this work, combined strategies for the cryopreservation of cells attached to Matrigel-coated well plate's surfaces were investigated based on cell entrapment in clinicalgrade, ultra-high viscosity alginate using two cell lines, neuroblastoma N2a and colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2, with distinct structural and functional characteristics. As the cryopreservation medium, serum-free CryoStor solution was compared with serum-supplemented culture medium, both containing 10% DMSO. Using culture medium, entrapment beneath an alginate layer was needed to improve cell recovery by minimizing membrane damage and cell detachment after thawing; nevertheless, up to 50% cell death still occurred within 24 h after thawing. The use of CryoStor solution represented a considerable improvement of the cryopreservation process for both cell lines, allowing the maintenance of high postthaw membrane integrity as well as full recovery of metabolic activity and differentiation capacity within 24 h postthawing; in this case, entrapment beneath an alginate layer did not confer further protection to cryopreserved Caco-2 cells, but was crucial for maintenance of attachment and integrity of N2a neuronal networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Malpique
- Animal Cell Technology, IBET/ITQB-UNL, 27801-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Whateley TL. Literature Alerts. Drug Deliv 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10717549609029464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
12
|
Stiegler PB, Stadlbauer V, Schaffellner S, Halwachs G, Lackner C, Hauser O, Iberer F, Tscheliessnigg K. Cryopreservation of Insulin-Producing Cells Microencapsulated in Sodium Cellulose Sulfate. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:3026-30. [PMID: 17112890 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus may be treated with pancreatic islet cell transplantation. The use of xenogenic islet cells may overcome the shortage of human donor organs. Microencapsulation seems to be a promising method for immunoprotection. Since isolation, purification, encapsulation, and transplantation of islet cells are labor-intensive, cryopreservation has emerged as an attractive system for islet banking. In this study sodium cellulose sulfate (NaCS), a novel method for microencapsulation of islet cells, was tested for its capability to protect cells during cryopreservation. METHODS HIT-T15 cells were microencapsulated in NaCS. Cells were frozen and thawed using three different media containing varying amounts of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol. Cell viability and cell growth were monitored using 3-(-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide before freezing and 1 week after thawing. RESULTS NaCS did not show any negative impact on the growth rates of encapsulated HIT-T15 cells compared with nonencapsulated controls. Nonencapsulated cells were adequately cryopreserved by both DMSO- and glycerol-containing freezing media. DMSO was not suitable for cryopreservation of encapsulated HIT-T15 cells, whereas glycerol seemed to produce no considerable cell loss during freezing and thawing. DISCUSSION Islet banking of cells encapsulated in NaCS was feasible. Microencapsulation did not harm islet cell recovery. As NaCS is less immunogenic and more biocompatible than other materials used for microencapsulation, it may be a promising method for immunoisolation of islet cells to replace the endocrine pancreas in a physiological way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P B Stiegler
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The term "bioartificial endocrine pancreas" (BEP) was introduced by Anthony Sun in 1980. It was in 1968, however, that Thomas Chang proposed the use of microencapsulated islets as artificial beta-cells. By applying a semipermeable membrane on the top of microcapsules, a system can be produced that is impermeable to viable islet cells and large effector molecules of the immune system, thus providing a protection for transplanted islets against rejection. Since then, the term BEP has not often appeared in papers. Instead, the term "bioartificial pancreas" (BAP) has gained widespread use. In a broader sense, BAP would include an application of suitable endocrine cells and protective polymeric vehicles, but not necessarily providing a filtration barrier of precisely defined properties (e.g., cells injected into a gel of hyaluronate).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Prokop
- Chemical Engineering Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Murakami M, Satou H, Kimura T, Kobayashi T, Yamaguchi A, Nakagawara G, Iwata H. Effects of micro-encapsulation on morphology and endocrine function of cryopreserved neonatal porcine islet-like cell clusters. Transplantation 2000; 70:1143-8. [PMID: 11063331 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200010270-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the success of clinical islets transplantation, the development of a long-term storage method is necessary. However, the structure of digested islets is scanty for culture and cryopreservation. In this study, the effect of micro-encapsulation to cryopreserved porcine islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) was investigated. METHODS The ICCs prepared from neonatal pigs by collagenase digestion and culture technique were cryopreserved and micro-encapsulated in 5% agarose membranes. After cryopreservation, ICC cultured without encapsulation (group A) and cultured with encapsulation (group B) were assessed by comparison with no cryopreserved ICC (control) both in vitro by static incubation test and in vivo in a xenotransplantation study. RESULTS Micro-encapsulation was able to maintain the fine morphology and the number of ICCs of group B after 7 days of culture. There were not significant differences in insulin secretion of group B and control on day 1 and 7 of culture (1 day:11+/-0.99, 7 days: 5.30+/-1.08 microU/ICC/hr NS versus control). On day 7 of culture, the retrieval rate of group B (105.2+/-9.8%) is obviously higher compared with group A (63.0+/-6.3%). In the xenotransplatation model, the ICCs of group B showed long survival time (7.9+/-0.4 weeks) and good transplantation effect. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that micro-encapsulation is one of the useful method for cryopreserved ICC to maintain the fine morphology and effectively recover the endocrine function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Murakami
- First Department of Surgery, Fukui Medical University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hardikar AA, Risbud MV, Bhonde RR. Improved post-cryopreservation recovery following encapsulation of islets in chitosan-alginate microcapsules. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:824-5. [PMID: 10856598 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)00995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Hardikar
- the National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Woods EJ, Liu J, Zieger MA, Lakey JR, Critser JK. The effects of microencapsulation on pancreatic islet osmotically induced volumetric response. Cell Transplant 1999; 8:699-708. [PMID: 10701498 DOI: 10.1177/096368979900800615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulation of pancreatic islets has been proposed as a means to prevent allograft rejection and to protect islets during cryopreservation. The aim of this study was to investigate: 1) the effects of the cryoprotectants (CPAs) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) on the volume of Ca2+ alginate microcapsules, and 2) the effects of microencapsulation on the volumetric response of human and canine pancreatic islets during CPA equilibration. Stock sodium alginate with a high mannuronic acid content (HM) or a high guluronic acid content (HG) was used to generate empty capsules (mean diameter 200 microm) with an electrostatic generator. The capsules were held in place by a holding pipette system and videotaped during the addition of 2 or 3 M CPA at 22 degrees C. Islets (isolated from human cadaveric donors and mongrel dogs and then cultured overnight at 37 degrees C) were encapsulated in alginate (HM), loaded into a microperfusion chamber, and the change in islet volume was videotaped after exposure to the same CPAs and concentrations. These were compared to the volume responses of nonencapsulated islets. Images were analyzed using a computerized image analysis system and the data were analyzed using ANOVA. HG microcapsules showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in volume following exposure to EG but not to DMSO. HM microcapsule volume did not change significantly following exposure to either EG or DMSO and was therefore chosen as the substrate for islet encapsulation. Free, nonencapsulated canine and human islets responded to the osmotic challenge of the 2 M DMSO by shrinking to 70.00 +/- 1.04% (mean +/- SEM) and 70.11 +/- 1.05%, and in 2 M EG to 72.89 +/- 1.93% and 69.33 +/- 1.38%, respectively, of the isotonic volume before returning to the original cell volume. Exposure to 3 M DMSO or EG resulted in a further dehydration to 65.89 +/- 0.91% and 67.67 +/- 1.91% for canine and 62.22 +/- 0.66.% or 65.89 +/- 1.30% for human islets. Minimum volumes were reached within 30-40 s after exposure to the cryoprotectant. Encapsulated human islets reached 86.88 +/- 1.47% of their original volume in 2 M and 80.33 +/- 0.89% in 3 M DMSO, and 87.33 +/- 1.86% in 2 M and 82.80 +/- 1.57% in 3 M EG. This volume change was significantly less (p < 0.01) than that observed in corresponding free islets. Encapsulated canine islets reached 83.67 +/- 2.13% of their original volume in 2 M and 78.22 +/- 0.95% in 3 M DMSO, and 85.44 +/- 1.92% in 2 M and 78.11 +/- 2.01% in 3 M EG. As with human islets, this was significantly different than free islets (p < 0.01). These minimal volumes were reached within 30-50 s. These results demonstrate that there are cryoprotectant and alginate-specific interactions and that microencapsulation modulates the degree of osmotically induced shrinkage of islets. The development or modification of existing cryopreservation protocols to improve postcryopreservation recovery or function must account for these factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Woods
- Cryobiology Research Institute, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bartkowiak A, Canaple L, Ceausoglu I, Nurdin N, Renken A, Rindisbacher L, Wandrey C, Desvergne B, Hunkeler D. New multicomponent capsules for immunoisolation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 875:135-45. [PMID: 10415563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new generation of microcapsules based on the use of oligomers which participate in polyelectrolyte complexation reactions has been developed. These freeze-thaw stable capsules have been applied as a bioartificial pancreas and have resulted in normoglycemia for periods of six months in concordant xenotransplantations. The new chemistry permits the control of permeability and mechanical properties over a wide range and can be adapted both to microcapsule and hollow fiber geometries rendering it a robust tool for encapsulation in general. Methods, and metrics, for the characterization of the mechanical properties and permeability of microcapsules are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bartkowiak
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hsu BR, Chang FH, Juang JH, Huang YY, Fu SH. The rescue effect of 15-deoxyspergualin on intraperitoneal microencapsulated xenoislets. Cell Transplant 1999; 8:307-15. [PMID: 10442743 DOI: 10.1177/096368979900800311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the development of surface neogrowth composed mainly of macrophages and fibroblasts precedes the recurrence of hyperglycemia in treated diabetic animals, the pericapsular macrophages may adversely affect the graft function of i.p. alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate (A-P-A) microencapsulated islets. In order to clarify the role of pericapsular macrophages on late islet xenograft dysfunction, we investigated whether 15-deoxyspergualin (15-DSG), a macrophage inhibitor, has a rescue effect on the recurrent hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice that had been treated with i.p. transplantation of A-P-A microencapsulated rat islets. The mean duration of normoglycemia (whole blood glucose level below 8.3 mmol/l) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice treated with implantation of about 2200-2400 of A-P-A microencapsulated rat islets was 75 days. When the blood glucose levels were higher than 11.1 mmol/l for two consecutive determinations, 15-DSG at a dose of 0.625 mg/kg body weight or isotonic sodium chloride solution (control group) was given daily s.c.. The blood glucose levels decreased significantly from 13.9 +/- 0.5 mmol/l to 11.0 +/- 1.3 mmol/l (n = 18, p < 0.05) at the fourth day and to 7.6 +/- 1.0 mmol/l (n = 18) at the 14th day of 15-DSG administration. That was not significantly different from the mean glycemic level during the normoglycemic period (7.6 +/- 1.0 vs. 7.0 +/- 1.7 mmol/l, n = 18, p = NS). Isotonic sodium chloride solution injections did not reduce glycemic levels of mice in the control group. As another control, 10 streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were given the same daily doses of 15-DSG for 14 days. 15-DSG did not decrease the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice in the control group. We further studied the effect of 15-DSG on the expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in peritoneal exudate mononuclear cells (PEMCs) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. It was found that the mRNA of IL-1beta was undetectable in PEMCs of 15-DSG-treated diabetic mice even after those cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides in vitro. Administration of 15-DSG at a daily dose of 0.625 mg/kg body weight from the 22nd to the 28th day after transplantation and 7 consecutive days every 3 weeks thereafter did not prolong graft survival of i.p. microencapsulated rat islets. Our data suggest that 15-DSG has a rescue effect when A-P-A microencapsulated islets have induced cellular overgrowth that threatens the survival of the graft. It is possible that the surface overgrowth composed of macrophages is involved in the pathophysiology of late failure of A-P-A microencapsulated xenogeneic islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan Hsien, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou D, Vacek I, Sun AM. Cryopreservation of microencapsulated porcine pancreatic islets: in vitro and in vivo studies. Transplantation 1997; 64:1112-6. [PMID: 9355825 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199710270-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND If the transplantation of immunoisolated porcine islets into human diabetics is to become reality, the development of a long-term storage method represents an important prerequisite. However, information on cryogenic storage of porcine islets is scanty and fragmentary. METHODS Porcine pancreatic islets microencapsulated in alginate-polylysine-alginate membranes were cryopreserved and assessed both in vitro by static glucose challenge and in vivo in a transplantation study. Two separate methods of islet cryopreservation were compared: method A, using the Bio Cool III freezing machine, and method B, which uses the Nalgene isopropyl alcohol insulated cooler. RESULTS Method A was found to have better preserved the ability of the microencapsulated cryopreserved islets to respond to high-glucose static challenge (7 out of 10 lots) compared with method B (1 out of 10 lots). Upon exposure to high glucose, the islet batches that did retain the ability to respond to glucose were shown to have secreted an average of 1220+/-73 pM/24 hr/islet of insulin as compared with 1528+/-118 pM/24 hr/islet for fresh islets. The presence of isobutyl methylxanthine further potentiated insulin secretion to 1805+/-81 pM/24 hr/islet and to 2410+/-104 pM/24 hr/islet for cryopreserved and free islets, respectively. Intraperitoneal transplantation of 2000 cryopreserved microencapsulated porcine islets into streptozotocin-diabetic mice resulted in the reversal of hyperglycemia in 6 out of 10 recipients for the duration of the 90-day study. CONCLUSIONS The effective protection of the delicate porcine endocrine tissue during the cryopreservation process and the subsequent long-term storage were demonstrated with considerable success in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Auchincloss H. Xenotransplantation literature update. Xenotransplantation 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.1997.tb00167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 1996. [DOI: 10.3109/02652049609026056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|