1
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Cowper B, Lyle AN, Vesper HW, Van Uytfanghe K, Burns C. Standardisation and harmonisation of thyroid-stimulating hormone measurements: historical, current, and future perspectives. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:824-829. [PMID: 38295422 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is an important clinical marker in the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease. TSH measurements are reported in milli-International Units per Litre (mIU/L), traceable to a World Health Organisation (WHO) reference material. There is a wide variety of commercial immunoassays for TSH measurements available, which have historically been poorly harmonised due to a lack of commutability of the WHO reference materials with patient samples. This led to the recent development of a serum-based reference panel for TSH, traceable to the WHO reference material, available via the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), aimed at harmonisation of TSH immunoassays. This report describes recent developments in the TSH reference system, including establishment of the 4th WHO International Standard for TSH, and aims to clarify the relationship between the available reference materials and their intended uses. This 4th WHO IS is widely available and defines the unit of TSH activity, therefore its continued existence is of paramount importance, however it continues to show a lack of commutability with patient in many TSH immunoassays. This makes the C-STFT TSH panel, albeit available in restricted numbers, a critical resource to ensure better TSH assay harmonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Cowper
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hubert W Vesper
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Chris Burns
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
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2
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Sandberg S, Fauskanger P, Johansen JV, Keller T, Budd J, Greenberg N, Rej R, Panteghini M, Delatour V, Ceriotti F, Deprez L, Camara JE, MacKenzie F, Lyle AN, van der Hagen E, Burns C, Greg Miller W. Recommendations for Setting a Criterion and Assessing Commutability of Sample Materials Used in External Quality Assessment/Proficiency Testing Schemes. Clin Chem 2023; 69:1227-1237. [PMID: 37725906 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
It is important for external quality assessment materials (EQAMs) to be commutable with clinical samples; i.e., they should behave like clinical samples when measured using end-user clinical laboratory in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD-MDs). Using commutable EQAMs makes it possible to evaluate metrological traceability and/or equivalence of results between IVD-MDs. The criterion for assessing commutability of an EQAM between 2 IVD-MDs is that its result should be within the prediction interval limits based on the statistical distribution of the clinical sample results from the 2 IVD-MDs being compared. The width of the prediction interval is, among other things, dependent on the analytical performance characteristics of the IVD-MDs. A presupposition for using this criterion is that the differences in nonselectivity between the 2 IVD-MDs being compared are acceptable. An acceptable difference in nonselectivity should be small relative to the analytical performance specifications used in the external quality assessment scheme. The acceptable difference in nonselectivity is used to modify the prediction interval criterion for commutability assessment. The present report provides recommendations on how to establish a criterion for acceptable commutability for EQAMS, establish the difference in nonselectivity that can be accepted between IVD-MDs, and perform a commutability assessment. The report also contains examples for performing a commutability assessment of EQAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sverre Sandberg
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Porphyria Centre, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pernille Fauskanger
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Budd
- Jeff Budd Consulting, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Neil Greenberg
- Neil Greenberg Consulting, LLC, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Robert Rej
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Mauro Panteghini
- Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Liesbet Deprez
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate F, Geel, Belgium
| | - Johanna E Camara
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Finlay MacKenzie
- Birmingham Quality/UK NEQAS, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Chris Burns
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the MHRA, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - W Greg Miller
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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3
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Lyle AN, Budd JR, Kennerley VM, Smith BN, Danilenko U, Pfeiffer CM, Vesper HW. Assessment of WHO 07/202 reference material and human serum pools for commutability and for the potential to reduce variability among soluble transferrin receptor assays. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1719-1729. [PMID: 37071928 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical use of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) as an iron status indicator is hindered by a lack of assay standardization and common reference ranges and decision thresholds. In 2009, the WHO and National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls (NIBSC) released a sTfR reference material (RM), 07/202, for assay standardization; however, a comprehensive, formal commutability study was not conducted. METHODS This study evaluated the commutability of WHO 07/202 sTfR RM and human serum pools and the impacts of their use as common calibrators. Commutability was assessed for six different measurement procedures (MPs). Serum pools were prepared according to updated CLSI C37-A procedures (C37) or non-C37 procedures. The study design and analyses were based on Parts 2 and 3 of the 2018 IFCC Commutability in Metrological Traceability Working Group's Recommendations for Commutability Assessment. WHO 07/202 and serum pools were used for instrument/assay and mathematical recalibration, respectively, to determine if their use decreases inter-assay measurement variability for clinical samples. RESULTS The WHO 07/202 RM dilutions were commutable for all 6 MPs assessed and, when used for instrument calibration, decreased inter-assay variability from 208 to 55.7 %. Non-C37 and C37 serum pools were commutable for all 6 MPs assessed and decreased inter-assay variability from 208 to 13.8 % and 4.6 %, respectively, when used for mathematical recalibration. CONCLUSIONS All materials evaluated, when used as common calibrators, substantially decreased inter-assay sTfR measurement variability. MP calibration to non-C37 and C37 serum pools may reduce the sTfR IMPBR to a greater extent than WHO 07/202 RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Lyle
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Victoria M Kennerley
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Uliana Danilenko
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christine M Pfeiffer
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hubert W Vesper
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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4
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Miller WG, Keller T, Budd J, Johansen JV, Panteghini M, Greenberg N, Delatour V, Ceriotti F, Deprez L, Rej R, Camara JE, MacKenzie F, Lyle AN, van der Hagen E, Burns C, Fauskanger P, Sandberg S. Recommendations for Setting a Criterion for Assessing Commutability of Secondary Calibrator Certified Reference Materials. Clin Chem 2023; 69:966-975. [PMID: 37566391 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
A secondary higher-order calibrator is required to be commutable with clinical samples to be suitable for use in the calibration hierarchy of an end-user clinical laboratory in vitro diagnostic medical device (IVD-MD). Commutability is a property of a reference material that means results for a reference material and for clinical samples have the same numeric relationship, within specified limits, across the measurement procedures for which the reference material is intended to be used. Procedures for assessing commutability have been described in the literature. This report provides recommendations for establishing a quantitative criterion to assess the commutability of a certified reference material (CRM). The criterion is the maximum allowable noncommutability bias (MANCB) that allows a CRM to be used as a calibrator in a calibration hierarchy for an IVD-MD without exceeding the maximum allowable combined standard uncertainty for a clinical sample result (umaxCS). Consequently, the MANCB is derived as a fraction of the umaxCS for the measurand. The suitability of an MANCB for practical use in a commutability assessment is determined by estimating the number of measurements of clinical samples and CRMs required based on the precision performance and nonselectivity for the measurand of the measurement procedures in the assessment. Guidance is also provided for evaluating indeterminate commutability conclusions and how to report results of a commutability assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Greg Miller
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey Budd
- Jeff Budd Consulting, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | | | - Mauro Panteghini
- Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Neil Greenberg
- Neil Greenberg Consulting, LLC, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Liesbet Deprez
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate F, Geel, Belgium
| | - Robert Rej
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Johanna E Camara
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Finlay MacKenzie
- Birmingham Quality/UK NEQAS, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Chris Burns
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the MHRA, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Pernille Fauskanger
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sverre Sandberg
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Porphyria Centre, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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5
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Dikaios I, Althaus H, Angles-Cano E, Ceglarek U, Coassin S, Cobbaert CM, Delatour V, Dieplinger B, Grimmler M, Hoofnagle AN, Kostner GM, Kronenberg F, Kuklenyik Z, Lyle AN, Prinzing U, Ruhaak LR, Scharnagl H, Vesper HW, Deprez L. Commutability Assessment of Candidate Reference Materials for Lipoprotein(a) by Comparison of a MS-based Candidate Reference Measurement Procedure with Immunoassays. Clin Chem 2023; 69:262-272. [PMID: 36644921 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated concentrations of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are directly related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, making it a relevant biomarker for clinical risk assessment. However, the lack of global standardization of current Lp(a) measurement procedures (MPs) leads to inconsistent patient care. The International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine working group on quantitating apolipoproteins by mass spectrometry (MS) aims to develop a next-generation SI (International system of units)-traceable reference measurement system consisting of a MS-based, peptide-calibrated reference measurement procedure (RMP) and secondary serum-based reference materials (RMs) certified for their apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] content. To reach measurement standardization through this new measurement system, 2 essential requirements need to be fulfilled: a sufficient correlation among the MPs and appropriate commutability of future serum-based RMs. METHODS The correlation among the candidate RMP (cRMP) and immunoassay-based MPs was assessed by measuring a panel of 39 clinical samples (CS). In addition, the commutability of 14 different candidate RMs was investigated. RESULTS Results of the immunoassay-based MPs and the cRMPs demonstrated good linear correlations for the CS but some significant sample-specific differences were also observed. The results of the commutability study show that RMs based on unspiked human serum pools can be commutable with CS, whereas human pools spiked with recombinant apo(a) show different behavior compared to CS. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that unspiked human serum pools are the preferred candidate secondary RMs in the future SI-traceable Lp(a) Reference Measurement System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Dikaios
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Harald Althaus
- Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Angles-Cano
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Division Clinical Mass Spectrometry of the German Society of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christa M Cobbaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Benjamin Dieplinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz and Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Gerhard M Kostner
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zsusanna Kuklenyik
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA
| | | | - L Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert W Vesper
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA
| | - Liesbet Deprez
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
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6
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Lyle AN, Pokuah F, Dietzen DJ, Wong ECC, Pyle-Eilola AL, Fuqua JS, Woodworth A, Jones PM, Akinbami LJ, Garibaldi LR, Vesper HW. Current State of Pediatric Reference Intervals and the Importance of Correctly Describing the Biochemistry of Child Development: A Review. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:699-714. [PMID: 35467725 PMCID: PMC10155856 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Importance Appropriately established pediatric reference intervals are critical to the clinical decision-making process and should reflect the physiologic changes that occur during healthy child development. Reference intervals used in pediatric care today remain highly inconsistent across a broad range of common clinical biomarkers. Observations This narrative review assesses biomarker-specific pediatric reference intervals and their clinical utility with respect to the underlying biological changes occurring during development. Pediatric reference intervals from PubMed-indexed articles published from January 2015 to April 2021, commercial laboratory websites, study cohorts, and pediatric reference interval books were all examined. Although large numbers of pediatric reference intervals are published for some biomarkers, very few are used by clinical and commercial laboratories. The patterns, extent, and timing of biomarker changes are highly variable, particularly during developmental stages with rapid physiologic changes. However, many pediatric reference intervals do not capture these changes and thus do not accurately reflect the underlying biochemistry of development, resulting in significant inconsistencies between reference intervals. Conclusions and Relevance There is a need to correctly describe the biochemistry of child development as well as to identify strategies to develop accurate and consistent pediatric reference intervals for improved pediatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Lyle
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Fidelia Pokuah
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dennis J Dietzen
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Laboratory Services, St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Edward C C Wong
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute and Children's National Hospital, Chantilly, Virginia
| | - Amy L Pyle-Eilola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John S Fuqua
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.,Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alison Woodworth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington
| | - Patricia M Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Lara J Akinbami
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland
| | - Luigi R Garibaldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hubert W Vesper
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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7
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Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are necessary for an acute response to injury and the progressive healing process. However, when this acute response does not resolve and becomes chronic, the same proteins that once promoted healing then contribute to chronic inflammatory pathologies, such as atherosclerosis. OPN (Osteopontin) is a secreted matricellular cytokine that signals through integrin and CD44 receptors, is highly upregulated in acute and chronic inflammatory settings, and has been implicated in physiological and pathophysiologic processes. Evidence from the literature suggests that OPN may fit within the Goldilocks paradigm with respect to cardiovascular disease, where acute increases are protective, attenuate vascular calcification, and promote postischemic neovascularization. In contrast, chronic increases in OPN are clinically associated with an increased risk for a major adverse cardiovascular event, and OPN expression is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease independent of traditional risk factors. With the recent finding that humans express multiple OPN isoforms as the result of alternative splicing and that these isoforms have distinct biologic functions, future studies are required to determine what OPN isoform(s) are expressed in the setting of vascular disease and what role each of these isoforms plays in vascular disease progression. This review aims to discuss our current understanding of the role(s) of OPN in vascular disease pathologies using evidence from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies. Where possible, we discuss what is known about OPN isoform expression and our understanding of OPN isoform contributions to cardiovascular disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Shin Yee Lok
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia (Z.S.Y.L.)
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.N.L.)
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Lyle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA. .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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9
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Okwan-Duodu D, Hansen L, Joseph G, Lyle AN, Weiss D, Archer DR, Taylor WR. Impaired Collateral Vessel Formation in Sickle Cell Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1125-1133. [PMID: 29545241 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The adaptive response to vascular injury is the formation of functional collateral vessels to maintain organ integrity. Many of the clinical complications associated with sickle cell disease can be attributed to repeated bouts of vascular insufficiency, yet the detailed mechanisms of collateral vessel formation after injury are largely unknown in sickle cell disease. Here, we characterize postischemic neovascularization in sickle cell disease and the role of neutrophils in the production of reactive oxygen species. APPROACH AND RESULTS We induced hindlimb ischemia by ligation of the femoral artery in Townes SS (sickle cell) mice compared with AA (wild type) mice. Perfusion recovery, ascertained using LASER (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) Doppler perfusion imaging, showed significant diminution in collateral vessel formation in SS mice after hindlimb ischemia (76±13% AA versus 34±10% in SS by day 28; P<0.001; n=10 per group). The incidence of amputation (25% versus 5%) and foot necrosis (80% versus 15%) after hindlimb ischemia was significantly increased in the SS mice. Motor function recovery evaluation by the running wheel assay was also impaired in SS mice (36% versus 97% at 28 days post-hindlimb ischemia; P<0.001). This phenotype was associated with persistent and excessive production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils. Importantly, neutrophil depletion or treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reduced oxidative stress and improved functional collateral formation in the SS mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest dysfunctional collateral vessel formation in SS mice after vascular injury and provide a mechanistic basis for the multiple vascular complications of sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Okwan-Duodu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.)
| | - Laura Hansen
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.)
| | - Giji Joseph
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.)
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.)
| | - Daiana Weiss
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.)
| | - David R Archer
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, GA (D.R.A.)
| | - W Robert Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (D.-O.D., L.H., G.J., A.N.L., D.W., W.R.T.) .,Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GA (W.R.T.).,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (W.R.T.)
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10
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Abstract
The aorta is a blood vessel that provides a low-resistance path for blood flow directed from the heart to peripheral organs and tissues. However, the aorta has another central hemodynamic function, whereby the elastic nature of the aortic wall provides a significant biomechanical buffering capacity complementing the pulsatile cardiac blood flow, and this is often referred to as Windkessel function. Stiffening of the arterial wall leads to fundamental alterations in central hemodynamics, with widespread detrimental implications for organ function. In this Recent Highlights article, we describe recent contributions in ATVB that have highlighted the novel mechanisms and consequences of arterial stiffness and the clinical conditions in which arterial stiffness occurs, with a focus on advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Lyle
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.N.L.); and Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (U.R.).
| | - Uwe Raaz
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.N.L.); and Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (U.R.)
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11
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Lee GS, Caroti CM, Joseph G, Weiss D, Salazar HF, Shin Yee Lok Z, Taylor WR, Lyle AN. Abstract 627: Human Osteopontin Isoforms Differentially Promote Neovascularization in Response to Ischemia via Macrophage Recruitment and Survival. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.37.suppl_1.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Coronary and peripheral artery diseases result in vessel occlusion and ischemia, initiating neovascularization to restore blood flow and preserve function. We previously established that osteopontin (OPN), a matricellular cytokine, is critical to ischemia-induced neovascularization. Unlike rodents, humans express 3 OPN isoforms (a, b, and c); however, the roles of these isoforms in neovascularization and cell migration remain undefined.
Methods and Results:
Using a murine model of hindlimb ischemia in OPN
-/-
mice and 1.5x10
6
lentivirus particles expressing OPNa, OPNb or OPNc delivered IM, we found that OPN isoforms have different effects on functional perfusion recovery
in vivo
. OPNa increased limb perfusion 30.4%±0.8 and OPNc by 70.9%±6.3, as measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging (d14; p<0.001 vs. LVGFP). Increases in perfusion translated to significant increases in functional limb use in OPNa and OPNc treated animals (61.1%±8.2; 76.2%±9.7; p<0.05), as assessed by voluntary running wheel use, and was not due to isoform expression differences (ELISA, n=6, p=ns). While OPN isoforms did not differentially affect angiogenesis, OPNa and OPNc significantly increased arteriogenesis (enlargement of arterioles), as measured by the increase in SM α-actin positive vessels in the small (200 - 700 μm
2
; 47.2%±6.1; 55.9%±6.7) and large artery (1000 - 2500 μm
2
; 54.2%±6.1; 76.5%±10.9) ranges
in vivo
(n=9; p<0.001 vs. OPNb). We hypothesized that OPN isoform-dependent effects on arteriogenesis are due to differential effects on macrophage function. OPN isoforms did not differentially affect macrophage polarization and all 3 isoforms increased macrophage survival (64.9%±1.1 - 78.6%±1.9 vs. control; p<0.0001). However, OPNa and OPNc both increased macrophage migration, where OPNc was the more potent migratory stimulus (n=4, p<0.001 vs. no trx, OPNa, OPNb).
Conclusion:
In conclusion, human OPN isoforms exert divergent effects on neovascularization through differential effects on arteriogenesis and macrophage migration and survival. Altogether, these data support that human OPN isoforms may represent novel therapeutic targets to improve neovascualrization and preserve tissue function in obstructive artery disease patients.
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12
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Di Marco E, Gray SP, Kennedy K, Szyndralewiez C, Lyle AN, Lassègue B, Griendling KK, Cooper ME, Schmidt HHHW, Jandeleit-Dahm KAM. NOX4-derived reactive oxygen species limit fibrosis and inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in diabetic atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:556-567. [PMID: 27445103 PMCID: PMC5446082 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and fibrosis contribute to the development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Oxidative stress caused by increased production or unphysiological location of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a known major pathomechanism. However, in atherosclerosis, in particular under hyperglycaemic/diabetic conditions, the hydrogen peroxide-producing NADPH oxidase type 4 (NOX4) is protective. Here we aim to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this paradoxical atheroprotection of vascular smooth muscle NOX4 under conditions of normo- and hyperglycaemia both in vivo and ex vivo. Following 20-weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, Apoe(-/-) mice showed a reduction in SM-alpha-actin and calponin gene expression with concomitant increases in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), osteopontin (OPN) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin when compared to non-diabetic controls. Genetic deletion of Nox4 (Nox4(-/)(-)Apoe(-/-)) exacerbated diabetes-induced expression of PDGF, OPN, collagen I, and proliferation marker Ki67. Aortic SMCs isolated from NOX4-deficient mice exhibited a dedifferentiated phenotype including loss of contractile gene expression, increased proliferation and ECM production as well as elevated levels of NOX1-associated ROS. Mechanistic studies revealed that elevated PDGF signalling in NOX4-deficient SMCs mediated the loss of calponin and increase in fibronectin, while the upregulation of NOX1 was associated with the increased expression of OPN and markers of proliferation. These findings demonstrate that NOX4 actively regulates SMC pathophysiological responses in diabetic Apoe(-/-) mice and in primary mouse SMCs through the activities of PDGF and NOX1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Becaplermin
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- NADPH Oxidase 1/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Superoxides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Di Marco
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen P Gray
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kit Kennedy
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alicia N Lyle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology & Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Karin A M Jandeleit-Dahm
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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13
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Lyle AN, Caroti CM, Lee GSH, Joseph G, Harirforoosh S, Vereen J, Weiss D, Taylor WR. Abstract 11: The Role of Human Osteopontin Isoforms in Post-Ischemic Neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary and peripheral artery diseases lead to ischemia, initiating processes that promote neovascularization to restore blood flow and preserve tissue function. We demonstrated previously that osteopontin (OPN), a matricellular cytokine, is critical to ischemia-induced neovascularization. Unlike rodents, humans express 3 OPN isoforms (a, b, and c); however, the roles of these isoforms in neovascularization and cell migration remain undefined. To assess how human OPN isoforms affect neovascularization, OPN
-/-
mice underwent hind limb ischemia surgery. At the time of surgery, 1.5x10
6
lentivirus particles expressing human OPNa, OPNb or OPNc were delivered by intramuscular injection. While OPNa improved limb perfusion 30.4%±0.8 in OPN
-/-
mice, OPNc improved perfusion by 70.9%±6.3 (d14; p<0.001 vs. LVGFP), as measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Importantly, both OPNa and OPNc isoforms significantly rescued neovascularization better than OPNb (n=6, p<0.05). Isoform effects on vascular volume, density, connectivity and diameter were further assessed using Micro-CT angiograms. OPNa and OPNc rescued limb function compared to control and OPNb treated animals (61.1%±8.2; 76.2%±9.7; p<0.05), as assessed by voluntary running wheel use. To verify the differences in neovascularization were due to divergent effects on receptor binding and/or signaling and not variations in isoform expression, we confirmed similar OPN isoform expression levels by ELISA (n=6, p=ns) and immunofluorescence. OPN isoforms a and c both increased macrophage infiltration 2.5 fold, as assessed by mRNA (d7; p<0.05) and histology, leading to increases in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) infiltration (d7; p<0.05). Several pro-arteriogenic factors were also significantly increased at the mRNA level. Finally, we confirmed in vitro that OPNa and OPNc significantly increased VSMC migration compared to OPN b and control (49.8%±3.1; 75.2%±6.3; p<0.05). In conclusion, human OPN isoforms may exhert divergent effects on neovascularization through varried effects on macrophage and VSMC recruitment. Human OPN isoforms may represent potential new therapeutic targets to promote neovascularization and preserve function in patients with peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Lyle
- Medicine - Div of Cardiology, Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Giji Joseph
- Medicine - Div of Cardiology, Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Joseph Vereen
- Medicine - Div of Cardiology, Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Medicine - Div of Cardiology, Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA
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14
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Kleinhenz JM, Murphy TC, Pokutta-Paskaleva AP, Gleason RL, Lyle AN, Taylor WR, Blount MA, Cheng J, Yang Q, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Smooth Muscle-Targeted Overexpression of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-γ Disrupts Vascular Wall Structure and Function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139756. [PMID: 26451838 PMCID: PMC4599849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the nuclear hormone receptor, PPARγ, with pharmacological agonists promotes a contractile vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and reduces oxidative stress and cell proliferation, particularly under pathological conditions including vascular injury, restenosis, and atherosclerosis. However, pharmacological agonists activate both PPARγ-dependent and -independent mechanisms in multiple cell types confounding efforts to clarify the precise role of PPARγ in smooth muscle cell structure and function in vivo. We, therefore, designed and characterized a mouse model with smooth muscle cell-targeted PPARγ overexpression (smPPARγOE). Our results demonstrate that smPPARγOE attenuated contractile responses in aortic rings, increased aortic compliance, caused aortic dilatation, and reduced mean arterial pressure. Molecular characterization revealed that compared to littermate control mice, aortas from smPPARγOE mice expressed lower levels of contractile proteins and increased levels of adipocyte-specific transcripts. Morphological analysis demonstrated increased lipid deposition in the vascular media and in smooth muscle of extravascular tissues. In vitro adenoviral-mediated PPARγ overexpression in human aortic smooth muscle cells similarly increased adipocyte markers and lipid uptake. The findings demonstrate that smooth muscle PPARγ overexpression disrupts vascular wall structure and function, emphasizing that balanced PPARγ activity is essential for vascular smooth muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Kleinhenz
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tamara C. Murphy
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - W. Robert Taylor
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Juan Cheng
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Qinglin Yang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Roy L. Sutliff
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - C. Michael Hart
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Akahori H, Karmali V, Polavarapu R, Lyle AN, Weiss D, Shin E, Husain A, Naqvi N, Van Dam R, Habib A, Choi CU, King AL, Pachura K, Taylor WR, Lefer DJ, Finn AV. CD163 interacts with TWEAK to regulate tissue regeneration after ischaemic injury. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7792. [PMID: 26242746 PMCID: PMC4918310 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are an essential component of the immune response to ischaemic injury and play an important role in promoting inflammation and its resolution, which is necessary for tissue repair. The type I transmembrane glycoprotein CD163 is exclusively expressed on macrophages, where it acts as a receptor for haemoglobin:haptoglobin complexes. An extracellular portion of CD163 circulates in the blood as a soluble protein, for which no physiological function has so far been described. Here we show that during ischaemia, soluble CD163 functions as a decoy receptor for TWEAK, a secreted pro-inflammatory cytokine of the tumour necrosis factor family, to regulate TWEAK-induced activation of canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Notch signalling necessary for myogenic progenitor cell proliferation. Mice with deletion of CD163 have transiently elevated levels of TWEAK, which stimulate muscle satellite cell proliferation and tissue regeneration in their ischaemic and non-ischaemic limbs. These results reveal a role for soluble CD163 in regulating muscle regeneration after ischaemic injury. CD163 is a glycoprotein receptor expressed on the surface of macrophages. Here, the authors demonstrate that a soluble form of CD163 can act as a decoy receptor for the pro inflammatory cytokine TWEAK, thereby revealing a new mechanism for the regulation of tissue repair after ischaemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Akahori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Vinit Karmali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Rohini Polavarapu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Eric Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Nawazish Naqvi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Richard Van Dam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Anwer Habib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Cheol Ung Choi
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA [2] Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Adrienne L King
- Kennesaw State University Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA
| | - Kimberly Pachura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA [2] Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30033, USA [3] Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - David J Lefer
- LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Aloke V Finn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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16
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Remus EW, Sayeed I, Won S, Lyle AN, Stein DG. Progesterone protects endothelial cells after cerebrovascular occlusion by decreasing MCP-1- and CXCL1-mediated macrophage infiltration. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:401-8. [PMID: 26188381 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of progesterone after ischemic stroke have been established, but the role of progesterone in promoting cerebrovascular repair remains under-explored. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 3 days. Progesterone (8 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally at 1h after initial occlusion followed by subcutaneous injections at 6, 24 and 48 h post-occlusion. Rats were euthanized after 72 h and brain endothelial cell density and macrophage infiltration were evaluated within the cerebral cortex. We also assessed progesterone's ability to induce macrophage migration toward hypoxic/reoxygenated cultured endothelial cells. We found that progesterone treatment post-tMCAO protects ischemic endothelial cells from macrophage infiltration. We further demonstrate that infiltration of monocytes/macrophages can be induced by potent chemotactic factors such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), secreted by hypoxic/reoxygenated endothelial cells. Progesterone blunts secretion of MCP-1 and CXCL1 from endothelial cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and decreases leukocyte infiltration. The treatment protects ischemic endothelial cells from macrophage infiltration and thus preserves vascularization after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony Washington Remus
- Department of Emergency Medicine Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Iqbal Sayeed
- Department of Emergency Medicine Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Soonmi Won
- Department of Emergency Medicine Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- Department of Cardiology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donald G Stein
- Department of Emergency Medicine Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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17
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Datla SR, McGrail DJ, Vukelic S, Huff LP, Lyle AN, Pounkova L, Lee M, Seidel-Rogol B, Khalil MK, Hilenski LL, Terada LS, Dawson MR, Lassègue B, Griendling KK. Poldip2 controls vascular smooth muscle cell migration by regulating focal adhesion turnover and force polarization. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H945-57. [PMID: 25063792 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00918.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase-δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) interacts with NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) and regulates migration; however, the precise underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Poldip2 in focal adhesion turnover, as well as traction force generation and polarization. Poldip2 overexpression (AdPoldip2) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) impairs PDGF-induced migration and induces a characteristic phenotype of long cytoplasmic extensions. AdPoldip2 also prevents the decrease in spreading and increased aspect ratio observed in response to PDGF and slightly impairs cell contraction. Moreover, AdPoldip2 blocks focal adhesion dissolution and sustains H2O2 levels in focal adhesions, whereas Poldip2 knockdown (siPoldip2) significantly decreases the number of focal adhesions. RhoA activity is unchanged when focal adhesion dissolution is stimulated in control cells but increases in AdPoldip2-treated cells. Inhibition of RhoA blocks Poldip2-mediated attenuation of focal adhesion dissolution, and overexpression of RhoA or focal adhesion kinase (FAK) reverses the loss of focal adhesions induced by siPoldip2, indicating that RhoA and FAK mediate the effect of Poldip2 on focal adhesions. Nox4 silencing prevents focal adhesion stabilization by AdPoldip2 and induces a phenotype similar to siPoldip2, suggesting a role for Nox4 in Poldip2-induced focal adhesion stability. As a consequence of impaired focal adhesion turnover, PDGF-treated AdPoldip2 cells are unable to reduce and polarize traction forces, a necessary first step in migration. These results implicate Poldip2 in VSMC migration via regulation of focal adhesion turnover and traction force generation in a Nox4/RhoA/FAK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Raju Datla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | | | - Sasa Vukelic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Lauren P Huff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Alicia N Lyle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Lily Pounkova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Bonnie Seidel-Rogol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Mazen K Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Lula L Hilenski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Lance S Terada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michelle R Dawson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta;
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18
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Lyle AN, Remus EW, Fan AE, Lassègue B, Walter GA, Kiyosue A, Griendling KK, Taylor WR. Hydrogen peroxide regulates osteopontin expression through activation of transcriptional and translational pathways. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:275-85. [PMID: 24247243 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.489641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent in vivo studies establish that osteopontin (OPN) expression is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent. However, the mechanisms by which H2O2 increases OPN expression remain poorly defined. OPN protein expression increased in an unusual biphasic pattern in response to H2O2. To investigate whether these increases were mediated through transcriptional and/or translational regulation of OPN, smooth muscle cells stimulated with 50 μM H2O2 were used as an in vitro cell system. Early protein increases at 6 h were not preceded by increased mRNA, whereas later increases (18 h) were, suggesting multiple mechanisms of regulation by H2O2. Polyribosomal fractionation assays established that early increases (6 h) in OPN expression were due to increased translation. This increase in translation occurred through phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at the reactive oxygen species-sensitive Ser-65, which allowed for release and activation of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E and subsequent OPN translation. This early increase (6 h) in OPN was blunted in cells expressing a phospho-deficient 4E-BP1 mutant. H2O2 stimulation increased rat OPN promoter activity at 8 and 18 h, and promoter truncation studies established that promoter region -2284 to -795 is crucial for H2O2-dependent OPN transcription. ChIP studies determined that H2O2-dependent transcription is mediated by the reactive oxygen species-sensitive transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. In conclusion, H2O2 stimulates OPN expression in a unique biphasic pattern, where early increases are translational and late increases are transcriptional.
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19
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Levit RD, Landázuri N, Phelps EA, Brown ME, García AJ, Davis ME, Joseph G, Long R, Safley SA, Suever JD, Lyle AN, Weber CJ, Taylor WR. Cellular encapsulation enhances cardiac repair. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000367. [PMID: 24113327 PMCID: PMC3835246 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Stem cells for cardiac repair have shown promise in preclinical trials, but lower than expected retention, viability, and efficacy. Encapsulation is one potential strategy to increase viable cell retention while facilitating paracrine effects. Methods and Results Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were encapsulated in alginate and attached to the heart with a hydrogel patch in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. Cells were tracked using bioluminescence (BLI) and cardiac function measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Microvasculature was quantified using von Willebrand factor staining and scar measured by Masson's Trichrome. Post‐MI ejection fraction by CMR was greatly improved in encapsulated hMSC‐treated animals (MI: 34±3%, MI+Gel: 35±3%, MI+Gel+hMSC: 39±2%, MI+Gel+encapsulated hMSC: 56±1%; n=4 per group; P<0.01). Data represent mean±SEM. By TTE, encapsulated hMSC‐treated animals had improved fractional shortening. Longitudinal BLI showed greatest hMSC retention when the cells were encapsulated (P<0.05). Scar size at 28 days was significantly reduced in encapsulated hMSC‐treated animals (MI: 12±1%, n=8; MI+Gel: 14±2%, n=7; MI+Gel+hMSC: 14±1%, n=7; MI+Gel+encapsulated hMSC: 7±1%, n=6; P<0.05). There was a large increase in microvascular density in the peri‐infarct area (MI: 121±10, n=7; MI+Gel: 153±26, n=5; MI+Gel+hMSC: 198±18, n=7; MI+Gel+encapsulated hMSC: 828±56 vessels/mm2, n=6; P<0.01). Conclusions Alginate encapsulation improved retention of hMSCs and facilitated paracrine effects such as increased peri‐infarct microvasculature and decreased scar. Encapsulation of MSCs improved cardiac function post‐MI and represents a new, translatable strategy for optimization of regenerative therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D. Levit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA (R.D.L., N.L., M.E.B., M.E.D., G.J., A.N.L., R.T.)
| | - Natalia Landázuri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA (R.D.L., N.L., M.E.B., M.E.D., G.J., A.N.L., R.T.)
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, GA (E.A.P., A.G.)
| | - Milton E. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA (R.D.L., N.L., M.E.B., M.E.D., G.J., A.N.L., R.T.)
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, GA (E.A.P., A.G.)
| | - Michael E. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA (R.D.L., N.L., M.E.B., M.E.D., G.J., A.N.L., R.T.)
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, 30332, GA (M.E.D., J.D.S., R.T.)
| | - Giji Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA (R.D.L., N.L., M.E.B., M.E.D., G.J., A.N.L., R.T.)
| | - Robert Long
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, GA (R.L., J.D.S.)
| | - Susan A. Safley
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, GA (S.A.S., C.J.W.)
| | - Jonathan D. Suever
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, 30332, GA (M.E.D., J.D.S., R.T.)
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, GA (R.L., J.D.S.)
| | - Alicia N. Lyle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA (R.D.L., N.L., M.E.B., M.E.D., G.J., A.N.L., R.T.)
| | - Collin J. Weber
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, GA (S.A.S., C.J.W.)
| | - W. Robert Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA (R.D.L., N.L., M.E.B., M.E.D., G.J., A.N.L., R.T.)
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, 30332, GA (M.E.D., J.D.S., R.T.)
- Cardiology Division, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, 30033, GA (R.T.)
- Correspondence to: W. Robert Taylor, MD, PhD, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 319 WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322. E‐mail:
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N. Lyle
- From the Division of Cardiology (A.N.L., W.R.T.), The Atlanta VA Medical Center (W.R.T.), and The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.R.T.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - W. Robert Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiology (A.N.L., W.R.T.), The Atlanta VA Medical Center (W.R.T.), and The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering (W.R.T.), Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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21
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Caesar C, Lyle AN, Taylor WR. Abstract 452: Cyclic Strain Induces Osteopontin Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle via a Hydrogen Peroxide--Dependent Mechanism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.32.suppl_1.a452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Vascular inflammation, a hallmark of hypertension, is associated with increased cyclic strain on the vessel wall. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are known to play an important role in the progression of cardiovascular inflammation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of ROS modulation of vascular inflammation through increased cyclic strain remain largely unknown.
Objective:
In this study, we sought to determine whether cyclical strain induces an increase in osteopontin (OPN), a pro-inflammatory protein, in a hydrogen peroxide dependent manner using an in vitro cell system.
Methods:
Rat aortic smooth muscle cells were seeded on collagen-I coated, flexible bottomed six-well plates and cyclically stretched at 10% elongation in a biaxial stretch bioreactor. Following stretch, cells were harvested and protein, mRNA, and hydrogen peroxide levels were measured via Western Blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and Amplex Red assay, respectively.
Results:
Preliminary results indicate that cyclic strain promotes a 16% ± 6 increase in hydrogen peroxide levels compared to non-stretched cells at 8 hours. In addition, elevated expression of OPN protein was observed with 24 hours of stretch (195% ± 16). Increased OPN mRNA was also observed with 12 hours of stretch (39% ± 15). Finally, OPN expression was blunted when cells were simultaneously stretched for 24 hours with 200U/mL PEG-Catalase (a H2O2 scavenger) suggesting that the stretch induced increase in OPN expression is mediated by hydrogen peroxide (49%±14 decrease in cells stretched with PEG-Catalase versus non- PEG-Catalase treated but stretched cells)
Conclusion:
These data support that increased cyclical mechanical stretch, as experienced by the vascular wall under hypertensive conditions, increases osteopontin expression, via a hydrogen peroxide-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Caesar
- Dept of Medicine, Emory Univ and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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22
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Lyle AN, Remus EW, Fan AE, Taylor WR. Abstract 202: Hydrogen Peroxide Increases Osteopontin Expression Through Activation of Transcriptional and Translational Pathways. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.32.suppl_1.a202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The occlusion of blood vessels in the setting of cardiovascular disease leads to ischemia, initiating processes that promote neovascularization to restore blood flow and preserve tissue function. Our in vivo studies show that Osteopontin (OPN) is a critical mediator of post-ischemic neovascularization and that ischemia-induced increases in OPN expression are H
2
O
2
-dependent. However, the mechanisms by which H
2
O
2
increases OPN expression are poorly defined. To determine if H
2
O
2
mediates transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and/or translational regulation of OPN expression in vitro, we used rat aortic smooth muscle cells as an in vitro system and stimulated with H
2
O
2
. Dose response studies showed OPN expression increased with 50 μM H
2
O
2
(51.9%±2.2, p<0.05). Using 50 μM H
2
O
2
, we performed time courses and measured OPN mRNA by qRT-PCR and protein by Western blot. OPN mRNA levels significantly increased in response to H
2
O
2
at 8 (70.4%±5.7, p<0.05) and 18 hours (120.2%±5.2, p<0.005). Interestingly, the increases in OPN protein expression in response to H
2
O
2
occurred in an unusual bi-phasic pattern, with significant increases at 6 (96.9%±1.5, p<0.001) and 18 hours (234.0%±3.6, p<0.001), with a return to baseline in between. An increase in OPN mRNA preceded the increase in OPN protein at 18 hours, suggesting transcriptional regulation; however, the acute increase in OPN at 6 hours was not preceded by increased mRNA, suggesting multiple mechanisms of OPN regulation by H
2
O
2
. To determine if the increase in OPN at 6 hours is due to increased mRNA stability or translation, we performed an RNA stability assay. H
2
O
2
stimulation did not alter OPN stability or the rate of OPN RNA degradation, leading us to conclude the increase in OPN expression at 6 hours is due to increased translation. Further studies reveal H
2
O
2
-mediated increases in phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at the redox-sensitive Ser65 site (89.4%±6.1, p<0.05), allowing for the subsequent release of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E and increased phosphorylation at Ser209 (139.2%±3.9, p<0.05), resulting in increased OPN translation. In conclusion, H
2
O
2
enhances OPN expression through acute increases in translation, while long-term increases in OPN occur through increased transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Lyle
- Medicine: Div of Cardiology, Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ebony W Remus
- Medicine: Div of Cardiology, Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA
| | - Aaron E Fan
- Medicine: Div of Cardiology, Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA
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23
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Lyle AN, Joseph G, Fan AE, Weiss D, Landázuri N, Taylor WR. Reactive oxygen species regulate osteopontin expression in a murine model of postischemic neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:1383-91. [PMID: 22492090 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.248922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous findings from our laboratory demonstrated that neovascularization was impaired in osteopontin (OPN) knockout animals. However, the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of OPN expression in the setting of ischemia remain undefined. Therefore, we sought to determine whether OPN is upregulated in response to ischemia and hypothesized that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is a critical component of the signaling mechanism by which OPN expression is upregulated in response to ischemia in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine whether ischemic injury upregulates OPN, we used a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Femoral artery ligation in C57BL/6 mice significantly increased OPN expression and H(2)O(2) production. Infusion of C57BL/6 mice with polyethylene glycol-catalase (10 000 U/kg per day) or the use of transgenic mice with smooth muscle cell-specific catalase overexpression blunted ischemia-induced OPN, suggesting ischemia-induced OPN expression is H(2)O(2)-dependent. Decreased H(2)O(2)-mediated OPN blunted reperfusion and collateral formation in vivo. In contrast, the overexpression of OPN using lentivirus restored neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS Scavenging H(2)O(2) blocks ischemia-induced OPN expression, providing evidence that ischemia-induced OPN expression is H(2)O(2) dependent. Decreased OPN expression impaired neovascularization, whereas overexpression of OPN increased angiogenesis, supporting our hypothesis that OPN is a critical mediator of postischemic neovascularization and a potential novel therapeutic target for inducing new vessel growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Lyle
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Suite 319 WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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24
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Martin-Garrido A, Brown DI, Lyle AN, Dikalova A, Seidel-Rogol B, Lassègue B, San Martín A, Griendling KK. NADPH oxidase 4 mediates TGF-β-induced smooth muscle α-actin via p38MAPK and serum response factor. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:354-62. [PMID: 21074607 PMCID: PMC3032946 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to other cell types, vascular smooth muscle cells modify their phenotype in response to external signals. NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is critical for maintenance of smooth muscle gene expression; however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely characterized. Using smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) as a prototypical smooth muscle gene and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as a differentiating agent, we examined Nox4-dependent signaling. TGF-β increases Nox4 expression and activity in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Transfection of HASMC with siRNA against Nox4 (siNox4) abolishes TGF-β-induced SMA expression and stress fiber formation. siNox4 also significantly inhibits TGF-β-stimulated p38MAPK phosphorylation, as well as that of its substrate, mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2. Moreover, the p38MAPK inhibitor SB-203580 nearly completely blocks the SMA increase induced by TGF-β. Inhibition of either p38MAPK or NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species impairs the TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Ser103 on serum response factor (SRF) and reduces its transcriptional activity. Binding of SRF to myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) is also necessary, because downregulation of MRTF by siRNA abolishes TGF-β-induced SMA expression. Taken together, these data suggest that Nox4 regulates SMA expression via activation of a p38MAPK/SRF/MRTF pathway in response to TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Martin-Garrido
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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25
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Lyle AN, Deshpande NN, Taniyama Y, Seidel-Rogol B, Pounkova L, Du P, Papaharalambus C, Lassègue B, Griendling KK. Poldip2, a novel regulator of Nox4 and cytoskeletal integrity in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 2009; 105:249-59. [PMID: 19574552 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.193722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE NADPH oxidases (Noxes) regulate vascular physiology and contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular disease. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the interactions of individual Nox homologs with regulatory proteins are poorly defined. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify novel NADPH oxidase regulatory proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a yeast 2-hybrid screen, we identified a novel p22phox binding partner, Poldip2, and demonstrated that it associates with p22phox, NADPH oxidase (Nox)1, and Nox4 and colocalizes with p22phox at sites of Nox4 localization. Poldip2 increases Nox4 enzymatic activity by 3-fold and positively regulates basal reactive oxygen species production in VSMCs (O2(.-): 86.3+/-15.6% increase; H2O2: 40.7+/-4.5% increase). Overexpression of Poldip2 activates Rho (180.2+/-24.8% increase), strengthens focal adhesions, and increases stress fiber formation. These phenotypic changes are blocked by dominant negative Rho. In contrast, depletion of either Poldip2 or Nox4 results in a loss of these structures, which is rescued by adding back active Rho. Cell migration, which requires dynamic cytoskeletal remodeling, is impaired by either excess (70.1+/-14.7% decrease) or insufficient Poldip2 (63.5+/-5.9% decrease). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Poldip2 associates with p22phox to activate Nox4, leading to regulation of focal adhesion turnover and VSMC migration, thus linking reactive oxygen species production and cytoskeletal remodeling. Poldip2 may be a novel therapeutic target for vascular pathologies with a significant VSMC migratory component, such as restenosis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Lyle
- Emory University, Division of Cardiology, 319 WMB, 1639 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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26
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Bush CF, Jones SV, Lyle AN, Minneman KP, Ressler KJ, Hall RA. Specificity of Olfactory Receptor Interactions with Other G Protein-coupled Receptors. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:19042-51. [PMID: 17472961 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610781200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on olfactory receptor (OR) pharmacology have been hindered by the poor plasma membrane localization of most ORs in heterologous cells. We previously reported that association with the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)-AR) facilitates functional expression of the OR M71 at the plasma membrane of HEK-293 cells. In the present study, we examined the specificity of M71 interactions with other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). M71 was co-expressed in HEK-293 cells with 42 distinct GPCRs, and the vast majority of these receptors had no significant effect on M71 surface expression. However, co-expression with three subtypes of purinergic receptor (P2Y(1)R, P2Y(2)R, and A(2A)R) resulted in markedly enhanced plasma membrane localization of M71. Agonist stimulation of M71 co-expressed with P2Y(1)R and P2Y(2)R activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway via coupling of M71 to Galpha(o). We also examined the ability of beta(2)-AR, P2Y(1)R, P2Y(2)R, and A(2A)Rto interact with and regulate ORs beyond M71. We found that co-expression of beta(2)-AR or the purinergic receptors enhanced the surface expression for an M71 subfamily member but not for several other ORs from different subfamilies. In addition, through chimeric receptor studies, we determined that the second transmembrane domain of beta(2)-AR is necessary for beta(2)-AR facilitation of M71 plasma membrane localization. These studies shed light on the specificity of OR interactions with other GPCRs and the mechanisms governing olfactory receptor trafficking.
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MESH Headings
- Acetophenones/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney/cytology
- Lac Operon
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology
- Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Rats
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Odorant/agonists
- Receptors, Odorant/genetics
- Receptors, Odorant/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina F Bush
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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27
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Abstract
Modulation of signaling in vascular cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS) affects many aspects of cellular function, including growth, migration, and contraction. NADPH oxidases, important sources of ROS, regulate many growth-specific and migration-related signaling pathways. Identifying the precise intracellular targets of ROS enhances understanding of their role in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Lyle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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28
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Weber DS, Rocic P, Mellis AM, Laude K, Lyle AN, Harrison DG, Griendling KK. Angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy is potentiated in mice overexpressing p22phox in vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 288:H37-42. [PMID: 15345488 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00638.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in several vascular pathologies associated with vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy. In the current studies, we utilized transgenic (Tg) mice (Tg p22smc) that overexpress the p22 phox subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase selectively in smooth muscle. These mice have a twofold increase in aortic p22 phox expression and H2O2 production and thus provide an excellent in vivo model in which to assess the effects of increased ROS generation on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function. We tested the hypothesis that overexpression of VSMC p22 phox potentiates angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced vascular hypertrophy. Male Tg p22smc mice and negative littermate controls were infused with either ANG II or saline for 13 days. Baseline blood pressure was not different between control and Tg p22smc mice. ANG II significantly increased blood pressure in both groups, with this increase being slightly exacerbated in the Tg p22smc mice. Baseline aortic wall thickness and cross-sectional wall area were not different between control and Tg p22smc mice. Importantly, the ANG II-induced increase in both parameters was significantly greater in the Tg p22smc mice compared with control mice. To confirm that this potentiation of vascular hypertrophy was due to increased ROS levels, additional groups of mice were coinfused with ebselen. This treatment prevented the exacerbation of hypertrophy in Tg p22smc mice receiving ANG II. These data suggest that although increased availability of NAD(P)H oxidase-derived ROS is not a sufficient stimulus for hypertrophy, it does potentiate ANG II-induced vascular hypertrophy, making ROS an excellent target for intervention aimed at reducing medial thickening in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Weber
- Division of cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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