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Bonini M, Barbaglia S, Camiciottoli G, Del Giacco S, Di Marco F, Matucci A, Micheletto C, Papi A, Pasqualetti P, Pelaia G, Ricciardolo FLM, Rogliani P, Senna G, Triggiani M, Vancheri C, Canonica GW. Asthma remission one, none and one-hundred thousand: the relevance of the patient's view. J Asthma 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38870405 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2366523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Achieving remission in severe asthma holds paramount importance in elevating patient quality of life and reducing both individual and societal burdens associated with this chronic condition. This study centers on identifying pivotal patient-relevant endpoints through standardized, reproducible methods, while also developing a patient-centric definition of remission, essential for effective disease management. METHODS A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted to assess patients' perceptions on the four primary criteria for defining severe asthma remission, as outlined by the SANI survey. Additionally, it investigated the correlation between these perceptions and improvements in the doctor-patient therapeutic alliance during treatment decision-making. RESULTS 249 patients (70% aged between 31-60, 59% women and 82% without other pathologies requiring corticosteroids) prioritize the use of oral corticosteroids (OCS, 48%) and the Asthma Control Test (ACT, 27%) in defining their condition, ranking these above lung function and exacerbations. This preference for OCS stems from its direct role in treatment, tangible tracking, immediate symptom relief, and being a concrete measure of disease severity compared to the less predictable and quantifiable exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS This study explores severe asthma remission from patients' perspectives using clinician-evaluated parameters. The DCE revealed that most patients highly value OCS and the ACT, prefer moderate improvement, and avoid cortisone cycles. No definitive preference was found for lung function status. Integrating patient-reported information with professional insights is crucial for effective management and future research. Personalized treatment plans focusing on patient preferences, adherence, and alternative therapies aim to achieve remission and enhance quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianna Camiciottoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence - Severe Asthma Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabiano Di Marco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, and Respiratory Disease Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Matucci
- Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Papi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pasqualetti
- Section of Health Statistics and Biometry, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabio Luigi Massimo Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, The University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- Regional Referral Centre for Rare Lung Disease, University Hospital "Policlinico San Marco", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Farinha I, Heaney LG. Barriers to clinical remission in severe asthma. Respir Res 2024; 25:178. [PMID: 38658975 PMCID: PMC11044532 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma is associated with an increased risk for exacerbations, reduced lung function, fixed airflow obstruction, and substantial morbidity and mortality. The concept of remission in severe asthma as a new treatment goal has recently gained attention due to the growing use of monoclonal antibody therapies, which target specific pathologic pathways of inflammation. This review evaluates the current definitions of asthma remission and unveils some of the barriers for achieving this state in the severe asthma population. Although there is no unified definition, the concept of clinical remission in asthma should be based on a sustained period of symptom control, elimination of oral corticosteroid exposure and exacerbations, and stabilization of pulmonary function. The conjugation of these criteria seems a realistic treatment target in a minority of asthmatic patients. Some unmet needs in severe asthma may affect the achievement of clinical remission. Late intervention with targeted therapies in the severe asthma population may increase the risk of corticosteroid exposure and the development of irreversible structural airway changes. Moreover, airway infection is an important component in persistent exacerbations in patients on biologic therapies. Phenotyping exacerbations may be useful to guide therapy decisions and to avoid the liberal use of oral corticosteroids. Another challenge associated with the aim of clinical remission in severe asthma is the multifaceted interaction between the disease and its associated comorbidities. Behavioural factors should be evaluated in case of persistent symptoms despite optimised treatment, and assessing biomarkers and targeting treatable traits may allow for a more objective way of reaching remission. The concept of clinical remission will benefit from an international consensus to establish unifying criteria for its assessment, and it should be addressed in the future management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Farinha
- Pulmonology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Beasley R, Noble J, Weatherall M. Clinical remission with biologic therapies in severe asthma: a matter of definition. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2301844. [PMID: 38097202 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01844-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Noble
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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4
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Cohn L. Can asthma biologics change the course of disease and induce drug-free remission? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:59-61. [PMID: 35447228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Cohn
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208057, New Haven, CT 06520-8057 and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516.
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Tupper OD, Håkansson KEJ, Ulrik CS. Remission and Changes in Severity Over 30 Years in an Adult Asthma Cohort. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 9:1595-1603.e5. [PMID: 33220516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term follow-up studies of adults with well-characterized asthma are sparse. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine long-term remission and change in disease severity over 30 years in adults with asthma. METHODS A total of 125 individuals diagnosed with asthma between 1974 and 1990 at a Danish respiratory and allergy clinic, based on history and objective assessments, were included. At follow-up (2017-2019), participants completed questionnaires and had spirometry, bronchodilator reversibility, airway responsiveness, and blood biomarkers measured. Based on these assessments, participants were classified as having either active asthma, clinical remission (no symptoms or prescribed asthma medication within the last year), or complete remission (fractional exhaled nitric oxide <50 parts per billion, no bronchodilator reversibility, no airway hyperresponsiveness, and no airflow limitation). Changes in severity were determined according to Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines based on symptom control and currently prescribed medication. RESULTS At follow-up, 25% (n = 31) and 15% (n = 19), respectively, had clinical and complete remission. Our analyses showed that a longer duration of symptoms before the initial assessment (odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.98) was associated with a lower chance of asthma remission. At follow-up, 30% had well-controlled asthma compared with none at baseline. Female sex, previous severe exacerbation(s), and older age at baseline were associated with uncontrolled asthma at follow-up. Blood-eosinophil count (≥0.3 × 109/L) and prescribed inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) at baseline were associated with being prescribed medium/high-dose ICS at follow-up. CONCLUSION Despite 30 years of follow-up, asthma rarely remits in adults, especially in individuals with longer duration and presumably more severe disease. Initial signs of pronounced disease activity were associated with uncontrolled asthma at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Djurhuus Tupper
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | | | - Charlotte Suppli Ulrik
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Menzies-Gow A, Bafadhel M, Busse WW, Casale TB, Kocks JWH, Pavord ID, Szefler SJ, Woodruff PG, de Giorgio-Miller A, Trudo F, Fageras M, Ambrose CS. An expert consensus framework for asthma remission as a treatment goal. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:757-765. [PMID: 31866436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With novel therapies in development, there is an opportunity to consider asthma remission as a treatment goal. In this Rostrum, we present a generalized framework for clinical and complete remission in asthma, on and off treatment, developed on the basis of medical literature and expert consensus. A modified Delphi survey approach was used to ascertain expert consensus on core components of asthma remission as a treatment target. Phase 1 identified other chronic inflammatory diseases with remission definitions. Phase 2 evaluated components of those definitions as well as published definitions of spontaneous asthma remission. Phase 3 evaluated a remission framework created using consensus findings. Clinical remission comprised 12 or more months with (1) absence of significant symptoms by validated instrument, (2) lung function optimization/stabilization, (3) patient/provider agreement regarding remission, and (4) no use of systemic corticosteroids. Complete remission was defined as clinical remission plus objective resolution of asthma-related inflammation and, if appropriate, negative bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Remission off treatment required no asthma treatment for 12 or more months. The proposed framework is a first step toward developing asthma remission as a treatment target and should be refined through future research, patient input, and clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William W Busse
- Department of Medicine, Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Thomas B Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
| | - Janwillem W H Kocks
- General Practitioners Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands; Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley J Szefler
- Breathing Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- UCSF, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and CVRI, San Francisco, Calif
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7
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Prognosis of adult asthma: a 7-year follow-up study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015; 114:370-3. [PMID: 25771154 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on adult-onset asthma and the contributing factors for its prognosis are few in the literature. OBJECTIVE To evaluate asthma prognosis, remission rate, and contributing factors in an adult patient population. METHODS Two hundred patients with a diagnosis of adult-onset asthma in 2006 were included in this study. Of these, 160 were contacted in 2013 and participated in the study. Their demographic features, family history, clinical symptoms, pulmonary function test results, and Asthma Control Test scores were re-evaluated. Patients' asthma control status was determined. Patients who had total control and had not used any asthma treatment for at least 2 years were classified as in remission. RESULTS The study group consisted of 160 patients (144 women and 16 men, mean age 52.9 ± 10.3 years). Nearly 70% of patients had adult-onset asthma before 40 years of age. According to asthma control status, 21.9% of patients had uncontrolled asthma, 29.4% had partially controlled asthma, and 48.8% had totally controlled asthma. Remission was observed in 11.3% of the entire study group. The mean age of the remission group was significantly younger. Disease duration was shorter and the proportion of patients with atopy was larger in the totally controlled and remission groups. Except in the remission group, patients showed weight gain from 2006 through 2013. CONCLUSION According to these 7-year follow up data, the remission rate of asthma was 11.3%. Patients with younger age, younger onset, atopy, allergic rhinitis, and few comorbidities seemed to have a greater possibility of remission.
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8
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Brewczyński PZ, Brodziak A. Have recent investigations into remission from childhood asthma helped in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease? Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:570-5. [PMID: 25701655 PMCID: PMC4345915 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies show that a significant proportion of young people suffering from childhood onset asthma later recovered, usually in adolescence. In this article we argue that an understanding of the differences between children who recover from asthma and those who do not would contribute to increased understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and could provide new clues about prevention and treatment. We note that some researchers have recently published results from these kinds of investigations. This paper reports results regarding genetic determinants, distorted mechanisms of inflammation, and mind/body relationships. We also try to integrate findings from these 3 areas to formulate general conclusions about the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Z Brewczyński
- Department of Biohazard and Immunoallergology & Allergological Outpatient Clinics for Adults and Children, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Andrzej Brodziak
- Independent Researcher, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
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9
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Early life exposure to allergen and ozone results in altered development in adolescent rhesus macaque lungs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 283:35-41. [PMID: 25545987 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In rhesus macaques, previous studies have shown that episodic exposure to allergen alone or combined with ozone inhalation during the first 6 months of life results in a condition with many of the hallmarks of asthma. This exposure regimen results in altered development of the distal airways and parenchyma (Avdalovic et al., 2012). We hypothesized that the observed alterations in the lung parenchyma would be permanent following a long-term recovery in filtered air (FA) housing. Forty-eight infant rhesus macaques (30 days old) sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) were treated with two week cycles of FA, house dust mite allergen (HDMA), ozone (O3) or HDMA/ozone (HDMA+O3) for five months. At the end of the five months, six animals from each group were necropsied. The other six animals in each group were allowed to recover in FA for 30 more months at which time they were necropsied. Design-based stereology was used to estimate volumes of lung components, number of alveoli, size of alveoli, distribution of alveolar volumes, interalveolar capillary density. After 30 months of recovery, monkeys exposed to HDMA, in either group, had significantly more alveoli than filtered air. These alveoli also had higher capillary densities as compared with FA controls. These results indicate that early life exposure to HDMA alone or HDMA+O3 alters the development process in the lung alveoli.
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10
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Maslan J, Mims JW. What is asthma? Pathophysiology, demographics, and health care costs. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2013; 47:13-22. [PMID: 24286675 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an obstructive pulmonary disorder with exacerbations characterized by symptoms of shortness of breath, cough, chest tightness, and/or wheezing. Symptoms are caused by chronic airway inflammation. There are multiple cell types and inflammatory mediators involved in its pathophysiology. The airway inflammation is frequently mediated by Th2 lymphocytes, whose cytokine secretion leads to mast cell stimulation, eosinophilia, leukocytosis, and enhanced B-cell IgE production. Although various genes have been identified as likely contributors to asthma development, asthma is largely environmentally triggered and has a multifactorial cause. Asthma is extremely common, especially in poor, urban environments. Asthma is the third most common reason for pediatric hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Maslan
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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11
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Airway function, inflammation and regulatory T cell function in subjects in asthma remission. Can Respir J 2012; 19:19-25. [PMID: 22332127 DOI: 10.1155/2012/347989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors associated with asthma remission need to be determined, particularly when remission occurs in adulthood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate airway responsiveness and inflammation in adult patients in asthma remission compared with adults with mild, persistent symptomatic asthma. METHODS Adenosine monophosphate and methacholine responsiveness were evaluated in 26 patients in complete remission of asthma, 16 patients in symptomatic remission of asthma, 29 mild asthmatic patients and 15 healthy controls. Blood sampling and induced sputum were also obtained to measure inflammatory parameters. RESULTS Perception of breathlessness at 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s was similar among groups. In subjects with symptomatic remission of asthma, responsiveness to adenosine monophosphate and methacholine was intermediate between mild asthma and complete asthma remission, with the latter group similar to controls. Asthma remission was associated with a shorter duration of disease. Blood immunoglobulin E levels were significantly increased in the asthma group, and blood eosinophils were significantly elevated in the complete asthma remission, symptomatic remission and asthma groups compared with controls. The suppressive function of regulatory T cells was lower in asthma and remission groups compared with controls. CONCLUSION A continuum of asthma remission was observed, with patients in complete asthma remission presenting features similar to controls, while patients in symptomatic asthma remission appeared to be in an intermediate state between complete asthma remission and symptomatic asthma. Remission was associated with a shorter disease duration. Despite remission of asthma, a decreased suppressor function of regulatory T cells was observed, which may predispose patients to future recurrence of the disease.
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12
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Cocayne CG, Reinero CR, DeClue AE. Subclinical airway inflammation despite high-dose oral corticosteroid therapy in cats with lower airway disease. J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13:558-63. [PMID: 21640626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Management of feline chronic lower airway disease focuses on controlling clinical signs and decreasing airway inflammation. This retrospective study evaluated the correlation between the resolution of clinical signs in cats with lower airway disease receiving oral glucocorticoids with the resolution of inflammation based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology. Ten cats diagnosed with lower airway disease based on characteristic clinical signs and inflammatory BALF cytology received oral glucocorticoids for at least 3 weeks. They were required to have resolution of clinical signs and BALF collected while asymptomatic and still receiving glucocorticoids. Cats received prednisolone or prednisone (average dose of 1.8±0.2mg/kg daily) for 35.7±5.5 days. Three cats had resolution of clinical signs and lacked inflammatory BALF cytology; seven had persistent inflammatory BALF cytology despite resolution of clinical signs. Given that subclinical inflammation during high-dose glucocorticoid treatment was common, current recommendations to taper therapy based on resolution of clinical signs should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine G Cocayne
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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13
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Roel E, Zetterström O, Trell E, Faresjö T. Why are some children with early onset of asthma getting better over the years?--diagnostic failure or salutogenetic factors. Int J Med Sci 2009; 6:348-57. [PMID: 19946605 PMCID: PMC2781175 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among children earlier having been identified with a hospital or primary care diagnosis of asthma at least once between 0-7 years of age, almost 40 % of their parents reported in the ISAAC-questionnaire as never having had asthma (NA). These are further analysed and compared with the persisting asthma cases (A) in this study. All these children's medical records were scrutinized concerning their asthma diagnose retrospectively.The aim of this study was to analyse possible factors related to the outcome in an Asthma diagnosis reassessment by parental questionnaire at the age of ten of the children earlier having been identified with a hospital or primary health care diagnosis of asthma at least once between 0-7 years of age in a total birth-year cohort in a defined Swedish geographical area.A multiple logistic analysis revealed four significant and independent factors associated to the improvement/non-report of asthma at the age of ten. These factors were; not having any past experiences of allergic symptoms (p<0.0001), only having one or two visits at the hospital for asthma diagnosis in the 0-7 interval (p=0.001), not living in a flat but a villa at the age of ten (p=0.029) and no previous perception of mist or mould damage in the house (p=0.052).In the early postnatal stage, obstructive and bronchospastic symptoms typical of asthma may be unspecific, and those cases not continuing to persisting disease tend to have identifiable salutogenetic factors of constitutional rather than environmental nature, namely, an overall reduced allergic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Roel
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences/Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ramos-Barbón
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Juan Canalejo, Anexo-Hospital Materno-Infantil, A Coruña, España. Departamento de Medicina (Meakins-Christie Laboratories), McGill University, Montreal, Canadá.
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15
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Military service-aggravated asthma improves at two-year follow-up. Respir Med 2009; 103:1926-35. [PMID: 19541470 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During military service young men (age 19-21 years) are exposed to many predisposing factors for asthma. We aimed to study the short-term prognosis of asthma after the military service. METHODS All 216 men with verified asthma in 2004-2005 from the register of the Central Military Hospital were included in the study. A questionnaire was mailed to them in autumn 2007 and the 146 responders (68%) formed the final study population. Asthma severity was evaluated during military service according to the medical records of the subjects and two years later based on the questionnaire using modified GINA guidelines. The results on lung function and allergy tests during military service and asthma history were used as predictors of asthma severity at two-year follow-up. RESULTS Two groups of asthmatics were identified: those who already had asthma when entering the military service (n=71, 48.6%) and those, who had a new onset of asthma during the service (n=75, 51.4%). Overall asthma was less severe at two-year follow-up than during military service (p=0.036). Both during military service and at two-year follow-up, asthma was milder among the men, who had a new onset of asthma during military service. Atopy (p=0.002), number of positive skin-prick tests (p=0.005) and higher total serum IgE (p=0.001) were significant predictors for persistent asthma at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Asthma, which had aggravated or started during military service, was significantly less severe two years later. The degree of atopy was a major determinant of the two-year prognosis of asthma after military service.
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Halken S, Lau S, Valovirta E. New visions in specific immunotherapy in children: an iPAC summary and future trends. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008; 19 Suppl 19:60-70. [PMID: 18665964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2008.00768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Specific immunotherapy is indicated for confirmed immunoglobulin E-mediated airway diseases using standardized allergen products with documented clinical efficacy and safety. For decades the subcutaneous route of administration (SCIT) has been the gold standard. Recently, the sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has also been investigated in children. SCIT, especially with grass and birch pollens but also house dust mites, is an effective treatment in children with allergic rhinitis and asthma when a significant part of their symptoms are caused by these allergens. A long-term effect up to 12 yr after discontinuation of SCIT with timothy allergen has been shown. Efficacy and safety of SLIT in pollen allergic rhinoconjunctivitis have been demonstrated in adults. The evidence in children is a little less convincing, and more data is needed. The clinical relevance, long-term results and the size of the effect, as well as the dose, the treatment regimen and duration has not been sufficiently elaborated. It is demonstrated that SCIT has the potential for preventing the development of asthma in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Also one randomized study indicates a preventive effect of SLIT in children on the development of asthma. At present, there are no studies who clearly demonstrates either a long-term effect or a preventive effect on the development of asthma of SLIT in children. The areas with lack of evidence should be addressed in well performed prospective, randomized long-term studies both with SCIT and SLIT. This review was initiated by iPAC (international Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Consortium) and aims to review current knowledge related to specific immunotherapy in childhood, and to identify needs for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Halken
- HC Andersen Childrens Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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17
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Wong WSF, Zhao J. Proteome analysis of chronically inflamed lungs in a mouse chronic asthma model. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 147:179-89. [PMID: 18594147 DOI: 10.1159/000142040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by airway wall remodeling. The mechanisms underlying airway remodeling in asthma are not fully understood. There is an urgent need to investigate global protein profiling of chronically inflamed lungs to identify novel pathogenic molecules and biomarkers for chronic asthma. In this study, we described the first differentially expressed proteome of lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a mouse chronic asthma model. METHODS BALB/c mice sensitized to ovalbumin were challenged with ovalbumin aerosol 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The lung tissue and lavage fluid proteins were resolved by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Airway goblet cell hyperplasia, smooth muscle hyperplasia, subepithelial fibrosis, airway hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration and elevated serum ovalbumin-specific IgE level were observed in our chronic asthma model. We have identified at least 100 protein spots that were differentially expressed in chronically inflamed lungs, and the identity of 66 protein spots was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Many of these proteins, including cytoskeleton-related proteins, Ca2+-binding proteins and anti-oxidant proteins, may be related to the development of airway remodeling, and they should be evaluated further as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Center for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Abstract
Epigenetics is a new development in complex non-Mendelian disease, which may not only uncover etiologic and pathogenic mechanisms but may also provide the basis for the development of medications that would target the primary epigenetic causes of such diseases. Such epigenetic drugs would be novel, potentially possessing substantially higher therapeutic potential and a much lower rate of adverse effects in comparison to current symptomatic treatments. A collection of epigenetic drugs already exist at various stages of development and, although their effectiveness has yet to be maximized, they show great promise in the treatment of cancer, psychiatric disorders, and other complex diseases. Here we present a review of the epigenetic theory of complex disease and an evaluation of current epigenetic therapies, as well as predictions of the future directions in this expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Ptak
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, The Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hayashi T, Gong X, Rossetto C, Shen C, Takabayashi K, Redecke V, Spiegelberg H, Broide D, Raz E. Induction and inhibition of the Th2 phenotype spread: implications for childhood asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:5864-73. [PMID: 15843591 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between genetic and environmental factors play a major role in the development of childhood asthma. We hypothesized that a pre-existing Th2/asthmatic response can promote Th2 responses to newly encountered Ags (i.e., phenotype spread). To test this hypothesis, we developed a mouse model in which the requirements for the induction and inhibition of phenotype spread to a clinically relevant neo-allergen (i.e., ragweed) were investigated. Our results indicate that 1) phenotype spread to the neo-allergen can be induced only within the first 8 h after a bronchial challenge with the first Ag (OVA); 2) Th2 differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells occurs in bronchial lymph nodes; 3) trafficking of naive CD4(+) T cells to local lymph nodes and IL-4 produced by OVA-activated Th2 cells play essential roles in the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells to Th2 cells; and 4) suppression of the production of chemokines involved in the homing of naive CD4(+) T and Th2 cells to bronchial lymph nodes by a TLR9 agonist inhibited phenotype spread and abrogated the consequent development of experimental asthma. These findings provide a mechanistic insight into Th2 phenotype spread and offer an animal model for testing relevant immunomodulatory interventions.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Adoptive Transfer
- Ambrosia/immunology
- Animals
- Asthma/immunology
- Asthma/pathology
- Asthma/prevention & control
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Child
- Growth Inhibitors/physiology
- Growth Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/therapeutic use
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/genetics
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/immunology
- Th2 Cells/cytology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Pham Thi TN, Le Bourgeois M, Scheinmann P, de Blic J. Airway inflammation and asthma treatment modalities. Pediatr Pulmonol Suppl 2004; 26:229-33. [PMID: 15029659 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.70114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thuong Nhân Pham Thi
- Pediatric Allergology and Pneumology Dpt, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris, France
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