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Karandikar PV, Suh L, Gerstl JVE, Blitz SE, Qu QR, Won SY, Gessler FA, Arnaout O, Smith TR, Peruzzi PP, Yang W, Friedman GK, Bernstock JD. Positioning SUMO as an immunological facilitator of oncolytic viruses for high-grade glioma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1271575. [PMID: 37860820 PMCID: PMC10582965 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1271575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viral (OV) therapies are promising novel treatment modalities for cancers refractory to conventional treatment, such as glioblastoma, within the central nervous system (CNS). Although OVs have received regulatory approval for use in the CNS, efficacy is hampered by obstacles related to delivery, under-/over-active immune responses, and the "immune-cold" nature of most CNS malignancies. SUMO, the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier, is a family of proteins that serve as a high-level regulator of a large variety of key physiologic processes including the host immune response. The SUMO pathway has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of both wild-type viruses and CNS malignancies. As such, the intersection of OV biology with the SUMO pathway makes SUMOtherapeutics particularly interesting as adjuvant therapies for the enhancement of OV efficacy alone and in concert with other immunotherapeutic agents. Accordingly, the authors herein provide: 1) an overview of the SUMO pathway and its role in CNS malignancies; 2) describe the current state of CNS-targeted OVs; and 3) describe the interplay between the SUMO pathway and the viral lifecycle and host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramesh V. Karandikar
- T. H. Chan School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lyle Suh
- T. H. Chan School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jakob V. E. Gerstl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah E. Blitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qing Rui Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sae-Yeon Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Omar Arnaout
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timothy R. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pier Paolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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2
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Guo ZH, Khattak S, Rauf MA, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Razak S, Yang CY, Wu DD, Ji XY. Role of Nanomedicine-Based Therapeutics in the Treatment of CNS Disorders. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031283. [PMID: 36770950 PMCID: PMC9921752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases, are a public health priority and demand a strong scientific response. Various therapy procedures have been used in the past, but their therapeutic value has been insufficient. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is two of the barriers that protect the central nervous system (CNS), but are the main barriers to medicine delivery into the CNS for treating CNS disorders, such as brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Nanotechnology-based medicinal approaches deliver valuable cargos targeting molecular and cellular processes with greater safety, efficacy, and specificity than traditional approaches. CNS diseases include a wide range of brain ailments connected to short- and long-term disability. They affect millions of people worldwide and are anticipated to become more common in the coming years. Nanotechnology-based brain therapy could solve the BBB problem. This review analyzes nanomedicine's role in medication delivery; immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and gene therapy are combined with nanomedicines to treat CNS disorders. We also evaluated nanotechnology-based approaches for CNS disease amelioration, with the intention of stimulating the immune system by delivering medications across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hua Guo
- Department of Neurology, Kaifeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 54 East Caizhengting St., Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufyan Razak
- Dow Medical College, John Hopkins Medical Center, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chang-Yong Yang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Y.); (D.-D.W.); (X.-Y.J.); Tel.: +86-371-23885066 (C.-Y.Y.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.)
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Y.); (D.-D.W.); (X.-Y.J.); Tel.: +86-371-23885066 (C.-Y.Y.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.)
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Y.); (D.-D.W.); (X.-Y.J.); Tel.: +86-371-23885066 (C.-Y.Y.); +86-371-23880525 (D.-D.W.); +86-371-23880585 (X.-Y.J.)
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3
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Dialogue among Lymphocytes and Microglia in Glioblastoma Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112632. [PMID: 35681612 PMCID: PMC9179556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we summarize in vitro and in vivo studies related to glioblastoma models and human patients to outline the symbiotic bidirectional interaction between microglia, lymphocytes, and tumor cells that develops during tumor progression. Particularly, we highlight the current experimental therapeutic approaches that aim to shape these interplays, such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery and CAR-T and -NK cell infusion, and to modulate the tumor microenvironment in an anti-tumoral way, thus counteracting glioblastoma growth. Abstract Microglia and lymphocytes are fundamental constituents of the glioblastoma microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art knowledge of the microglial role played in promoting the development and aggressive hallmarks of this deadly brain tumor. Particularly, we report in vitro and in vivo studies related to glioblastoma models and human patients to outline the symbiotic bidirectional interaction between microglia, lymphocytes, and tumor cells that develops during tumor progression. Furthermore, we highlight the current experimental therapeutic approaches that aim to shape these interplays, such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery and CAR-T and -NK cell infusion, and to modulate the tumor microenvironment in an anti-tumoral way, thus counteracting glioblastoma growth.
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Multifunctional lipidic nanocarriers for effective therapy of glioblastoma: recent advances in stimuli-responsive, receptor and subcellular targeted approaches. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), remains a fatal cancer type despite the remarkable progress in understanding the genesis and propagation of the tumor. Current treatment modalities, comprising mainly of surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiation, are insufficient for improving patients' survival owing to existing hurdles, including the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In contemporary practice, the prospect of long-term survival or cure continues to be a challenge for patients suffering from GBM. This review provides an insight into the drug delivery strategies and the significant efforts made in lipid-based nanoplatform research to circumvent the challenges in optimal drug delivery in GBM.
Area covered
Owing to the unique properties of lipid-based nanoplatforms and advancements in clinical translation, this article describes the application of various stimuli-responsive lipid nanocarriers and tumor subcellular organelle-targeted therapy to give an idea about the strategies that can be applied to enhance site-specific drug delivery for GBM. Furthermore, active targeting of drugs via surface-modified lipid-based nanostructures and recent findings in alternative therapeutic platforms such as gene therapy, immunotherapy, and multimodal therapy have also been overviewed.
Expert opinion
Lipid-based nanoparticles stand out among the other nanocarriers explored for GBM drug delivery, as they support both passive and active drug targeting by crossing/bypassing the BBB at the same time minimizing toxicity and projects better pharmacological parameters. Although these nanocarriers could be a plausible choice for treating GBM, in-depth research is essential to advance neuro-oncology research and enhance outcomes in patients with brain tumors.
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Hanif S, Muhammad P, Chesworth R, Rehman FU, Qian RJ, Zheng M, Shi BY. Nanomedicine-based immunotherapy for central nervous system disorders. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:936-953. [PMID: 32467570 PMCID: PMC7468531 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent a broad spectrum of brain ailments with short- and long-term disabilities, and nanomedicine-based approaches provide a new therapeutic approach to treating CNS disorders. A variety of potential drugs have been discovered to treat several neuronal disorders; however, their therapeutic success can be limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, unique immune functions within the CNS provide novel target mechanisms for the amelioration of CNS diseases. Recently, various therapeutic approaches have been applied to fight brain-related disorders, with moderate outcomes. Among the various therapeutic strategies, nanomedicine-based immunotherapeutic systems represent a new era that can deliver useful cargo with promising pharmacokinetics. These approaches exploit the molecular and cellular targeting of CNS disorders for enhanced safety, efficacy, and specificity. In this review, we focus on the efficacy of nanomedicines that utilize immunotherapy to combat CNS disorders. Furthermore, we detailed summarize nanomedicine-based pathways for CNS ailments that aim to deliver drugs across the BBB by mimicking innate immune actions. Overview of how nanomedicines can utilize multiple immunotherapy pathways to combat CNS disorders. ![]()
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Ho YJ, Li JP, Fan CH, Liu HL, Yeh CK. Ultrasound in tumor immunotherapy: Current status and future developments. J Control Release 2020; 323:12-23. [PMID: 32302759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has considerable potential in eliminating cancers by activating the host's own immune system, while the thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound have various applications in tumor therapy. Hyperthermia, ablation, histotripsy, and microbubble stable/inertial cavitation can alter the tumor microenvironment to enhance immunoactivation to inhibit tumor growth. Microbubble cavitation can increase vessel permeability and thereby improve the delivery of immune cells, cytokines, antigens, and antibodies to tumors. Violent microbubble cavitation can disrupt tumor cells and efficiently expose them to numerous antigens so as to promote the maturity of antigen-presenting cells and subsequent adaptive immune-cell activation. This review provides an overview and compares the mechanisms of ultrasound-induced immune modulation for peripheral and brain tumor therapy, even degenerative brain diseases therapy. The possibility of reversing tumors to an immunoactive microenvironment by utilizing the cavitation of microbubbles loaded with therapeutic gases is also proposed as another potential pathway for immunotherapy. Finally, we disuss the challenges and opportunities of ultrasound in immunotherapy for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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7
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Alban TJ, Alvarado AG, Sorensen MD, Bayik D, Volovetz J, Serbinowski E, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Sinyuk M, Hale JS, Onzi GR, McGraw M, Huang P, Grabowski MM, Wathen CA, Ahluwalia MS, Radivoyevitch T, Kornblum HI, Kristensen BW, Vogelbaum MA, Lathia JD. Global immune fingerprinting in glioblastoma patient peripheral blood reveals immune-suppression signatures associated with prognosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122264. [PMID: 30385717 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains uniformly lethal, and despite a large accumulation of immune cells in the microenvironment, there is limited antitumor immune response. To overcome these challenges, a comprehensive understanding of GBM systemic immune response during disease progression is required. Here, we integrated multiparameter flow cytometry and mass cytometry TOF (CyTOF) analysis of patient blood to determine changes in the immune system among tumor types and over disease progression. Utilizing flow cytometry analysis in a cohort of 259 patients ranging from benign to malignant primary and metastatic brain tumors, we found that GBM patients had a significant elevation in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in peripheral blood but not immunosuppressive Tregs. In GBM patient tissue, we found that increased MDSC levels in recurrent GBM portended poor prognosis. CyTOF analysis of peripheral blood from newly diagnosed GBM patients revealed that reduced MDSCs over time were accompanied by a concomitant increase in DCs. GBM patients with extended survival also had reduced MDSCs, similar to the levels of low-grade glioma (LGG) patients. Our findings provide a rationale for developing strategies to target MDSCs, which are elevated in GBM patients and predict poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Alban
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alvaro G Alvarado
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience, UCLA, USA
| | - Mia D Sorensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Defne Bayik
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Josephine Volovetz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Serbinowski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Maksim Sinyuk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James S Hale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Giovana R Onzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience, UCLA, USA.,Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS-Brazil
| | - Mary McGraw
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center and
| | - Pengjing Huang
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center and
| | - Matthew M Grabowski
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Connor A Wathen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center and
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center and.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience, UCLA, USA
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael A Vogelbaum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center and.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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8
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Díaz LR, Saavedra-López E, Romarate L, Mitxitorena I, Casanova PV, Cribaro GP, Gallego JM, Pérez-Vallés A, Forteza-Vila J, Alfaro-Cervello C, García-Verdugo JM, Barcia C, Barcia C. Imbalance of immunological synapse-kinapse states reflects tumor escape to immunity in glioblastoma. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120757. [PMID: 30232280 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the proper activation of T cells requires the physical interaction with target cells through the formation of immunological synapses (IS), an alteration at this level could be a reason why tumors escape the immune response. As part of their life cycle, it is thought that T cells alternate between a static phase, the IS, and a dynamic phase, the immunological kinapse (IK), depending on high or low antigen sensing. Our investigation performed in tissue samples of human glioma shows that T cells are able to establish synapsing interactions not only with glioma tumorigenic cells, but also with stromal myeloid cells. Particularly, the IS displaying a T cell receptor-rich (TCR-rich) central supramolecular activation cluster (cSMAC) is preferentially established with stromal cells, as opposed to malignant cells. Conversely, T cells in the malignant areas showed distinct morphometric parameters compared with nonneoplastic tissue - the former characterized by an elongated shape, well-suited to kinaptic dynamics. Importantly, high-resolution 3-dimensional analyses demonstrated the existence of bona-fide IK preferentially arranged in malignant areas of the tumor. This imbalance of IS/IK states between these 2 microenvironments reveals the low antigenic sensing of T cells when patrolling tumorigenic cells and reflects the immunoevasive environment of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Saavedra-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Romarate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Izaskun Mitxitorena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola V Casanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - George P Cribaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Pérez-Vallés
- Department of Pathology, Valencia General Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Forteza-Vila
- Unidad Mixta CIPF/UCV de Investigación Oncológica, Instituto Valenciano de Patología, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Alfaro-Cervello
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, Universitat de València, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, Universitat de València, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Barcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang X, Xiong Z, Liu Z, Huang X, Jiang X. Angiopep-2/IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv modified nanoparticles and CTL synergistically inhibit malignant glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12827. [PMID: 30150691 PMCID: PMC6110710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparation of agents that can successfully traverse the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is a key challenge in brain cancer therapeutics. In this study, angiopep-2 was used as a brain-targeting peptide for preparing multifunctional Angiopep-2-modified poly nanoparticles, angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles. In vitro experiments showed a greater uptake of Angiopep-2 modified nanoparticles, also angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles by bEnd.3 cells versus nanoparticles and nanoparticles modified by IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv. Angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles accumulated in brain tissue after intravenous injection and recruited activated CD8+ T lymphocytes to location of glioblastoma cells. In vivo experiments to assess anti-glioblastoma effect of angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles showed significantly reduced tumor volume in angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles+ CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes group versus in NPs modified by IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv+ CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Angiopep-2 modified nanoparticles+ CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles and PBS groups. Leukocytes infiltrated in brain tissues showed strong anti-glioblastoma activity in angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles+ CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes treated mice. Thus, angiopep-2 and IP10-EGFRvIIIscFv fusion protein modified nanoparticles may be useful for brain-targeted delivery and recruitment of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes to glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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10
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Interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2-targeted glioblastoma immunotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:952128. [PMID: 25247196 PMCID: PMC4163479 DOI: 10.1155/2014/952128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor, and despite several refinements in its multimodal management, generally has very poor prognosis. Targeted immunotherapy is an emerging field of research that shows great promise in the treatment of GBM. One of the most extensively studied targets is the interleukin-13 receptor alpha chain variant 2 (IL13Rα2). Its selective expression on GBM, discovered almost two decades ago, has been a target for therapy ever since. Immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed targeting IL13Rα2, including monoclonal antibodies as well as cell-based strategies such as IL13Rα2-pulsed dendritic cells and IL13Rα2-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cells. Advanced therapeutic development has led to the completion of several clinical trials with promising outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in the IL13Rα2-targeted immunotherapy and evaluate the most promising strategy for targeted GBM immunotherapy.
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11
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Ljujic B, Milovanovic M, Volarevic V, Murray B, Bugarski D, Przyborski S, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Stojkovic M. Human mesenchymal stem cells creating an immunosuppressive environment and promote breast cancer in mice. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2298. [PMID: 23892388 PMCID: PMC3725512 DOI: 10.1038/srep02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) can home to tumor sites and promote tumor growth. The effects of hMSC on tumor growth are controversial and involvement of hMSC in tumor immunology has not been adequately addressed. Therefore, we investigated whether injection of hMSC affects tumor appearance, growth and metastasis, and anti-tumor immunity in an experimental animal model of metastatic breast cancer. Injection of hMSC in BALB/c mice bearing mammary carcinoma promoted tumor growth and metastasis, which was accompanied by lower cytotoxic activity of splenocytes, NK cells and CD8+ T cells in vitro. Tumor-bearing mice that received hMSC had significantly lower percentages of CD3+NKp46+ NKT-like, higher percentages of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells, increased serum levels of Th2 and decreased serum levels of Th1 cytokines, and significantly higher number of CD4+ cells expressing IL-10. These results demonstrate that immunosuppressive environment created by hMSC promoted breast tumor growth and metastasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Ljujic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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12
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Ooi YC, Tran P, Ung N, Thill K, Trang A, Fong BM, Nagasawa DT, Lim M, Yang I. The role of regulatory T-cells in glioma immunology. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2014; 119:125-32. [PMID: 24582432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment, the prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains poor. The lack of response to treatment in GBM patients may be attributed to the immunosuppressed microenvironment that is characteristic of invasive glioma. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are immunosuppressive T-cells that normally prevent autoimmunity when the human immune response is evoked; however, there have been strong correlations between glioma-induced immunosuppression and Tregs. In fact, induction of Treg activity has been correlated with glioma development in both murine models and patients. While the exact mechanisms by which regulatory T-cells function require further elucidation, various cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TFG-β) have been implicated in these processes and are currently under investigation. In addition, hypoxia is characteristic of tumor development and is also correlated with downstream induction of Tregs. Due to the poor prognosis associated with immunosuppression in glioma patients, Tregs remain a promising area for immunotherapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinn Cher Ooi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Patrick Tran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nolan Ung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kimberly Thill
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Andy Trang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Brendan M Fong
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Daniel T Nagasawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
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13
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Elevated CD3+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating immune cells correlate with prolonged survival in glioblastoma patients despite integrated immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and at the systemic level. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 264:71-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Ginzkey C, Eicker S, Marget M, Krause J, Brecht S, Westphal M, Hugo HH, Mehdorn M, Steinmann J, Hamel W. Incomplete tumour control following DNA vaccination against rat gliomas expressing a model antigen. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013; 155:51-8; discussion 59. [PMID: 23132370 PMCID: PMC3535398 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-012-1526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Vaccination against tumour-associated antigens is one approach to elicit anti-tumour responses. We investigated the effect of polynucleotide (DNA) vaccination using a model antigen (E. coli lacZ) in a syngeneic gliosarcoma model (9L). Methods Fisher 344 rats were vaccinated thrice by intramuscular injection of a lacZ-encoding or a control plasmid in weekly intervals. One week after the last vaccination, lacZ-expressing 9L cells were implanted into the striatum. Results After 3 weeks, in lacZ-vaccinated animals the tumours were significantly smaller than in control-vaccinated animals. In cytotoxic T cell assays lysis rates of >50 % could only be observed in a few of the lacZ-vaccinated animals. This response was directed against lacZ-expressing and parental 9L cells but not against syngeneic MADB 106 adenocarcinoma cells. In Elispot assays interferon-γ production was observed upon stimulation with 9LlacZ and 9L wild-type but not MADB 106 cells. This response was higher for lacZ-immunized animals. All animals revealed dense infiltrates with CD8+ lymphocytes and, to a lesser extent, with NK cells. CD25-staining indicated cells possibly associated with the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. All tumours were densely infiltrated by microglia consisting mostly of ramified cells. Only focal accumulation of macrophage-like cells expressing ED1, a marker for phagocytic activity, was observed. Conclusion Prophylactic DNA vaccination resulted in effective but incomplete suppression of brain tumour formation. Mechanisms other than cytotoxic T cell responses as measured in the generally used in vitro assays appear to play a role in tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ginzkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Julius-Maximilian-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Eicker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Marget
- Institute of Immunology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Krause
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Brecht
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Hermann Hugo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mehdorn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinmann
- Institute of Immunology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hamel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Impact of temozolomide on immune response during malignant glioma chemotherapy. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:831090. [PMID: 23133490 PMCID: PMC3486128 DOI: 10.1155/2012/831090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant glioma, or glioblastoma, is the most common and lethal form of brain tumor with a median survival time of 15 months. The established therapeutic regimen includes a tripartite therapy of surgical resection followed by radiation and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, concurrently with radiation and then as an adjuvant. TMZ, a DNA alkylating agent, is the most successful antiglioma drug and has added several months to the life expectancy of malignant glioma patients. However, TMZ is also responsible for inducing lymphopenia and myelosuppression in malignant glioma patients undergoing chemotherapy. Although TMZ-induced lymphopenia has been attributed to facilitate antitumor vaccination studies by inducing passive immune response, in general lymphopenic conditions have been associated with poor immune surveillance leading to opportunistic infections in glioma patients, as well as disrupting active antiglioma immune response by depleting both T and NK cells. Deletion of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) activity, a DNA repair enzyme, by temozolomide has been determined to be the cause of lymphopenia. Drug-resistant mutation of the MGMT protein has been shown to render chemoprotection against TMZ. The immune modulating role of TMZ during glioma chemotherapy and possible mechanisms to establish a strong TMZ-resistant immune response have been discussed.
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Cord blood stem-cell-derived dendritic cells generate potent antigen-specific immune responses and anti-tumour effects. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 123:347-60. [PMID: 22264240 DOI: 10.1042/cs20110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CBSCs [(umbilical) cord blood stem cells] can be a new source of DCs (dendritic cells), which can generate more potent antigen-specific immune responses and anti-tumour effects. CBSCs and PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were collected, cultured and differentiated into DCs. Surface markers, secreting cytokines, antigen-presentation activity, antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity and cytotoxic killing effects induced by these two DC origins were evaluated and compared. CBSCs were expanded ~17-fold by ex vivo culture. The expression of surface markers in CBSC-derived DCs were higher than those in PBMC-derived DCs treated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide). The CBSC-derived DCs mainly secreted IL (interleukin)-6, IL-10 and TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-α, whereas PBMC-derived DCs mainly secreted IL-5 and IFN (interferon)-γ. The CBSC-derived DCs had better antigen-presentation abilities when stimulated with LPS or TNF-α, induced higher numbers of IFN-γ-secreting antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells, as assessed using an ELISpot (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot) assay, and stimulated more potent antigen-specific CTL (cytotoxic T-cell) activities (P<0.01, one-way ANOVA). CBSC-derived DCs had quicker and greater ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) and Akt phosphorylation, and weaker p38 phosphorylation, than PBMC-derived DCs when stimulated with LPS. In conclusion, CBSC-derived DCs have the ability to induce stronger antigen-specific immunity and more potent anti-tumour effects and therefore could be a good source of DCs for use in DC-based cancer vaccines and immunotherapy.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Penas-Prado
- Department of Neuro-oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Ishikawa E, Takano S, Ohno T, Tsuboi K. Adoptive cell transfer therapy for malignant gliomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 746:109-20. [PMID: 22639163 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3146-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To date, various adoptive immunotherapies have been attempted for treatment of malignant gliomas using nonspecific and/or specific effector cells. Since the late 1980s, with the development of rIL-2, the efficacy of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell therapy with or without rIL-2 for malignant gliomas had been tested with some modifications in therapeutic protocols. With advancements in technology, ex vivo expanded tumor specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) or those lineages were used in clinical trials with higher tumor response rates. In addition, combinations of those adoptive cell transfer using LAK cells, CTLs or natural killer (NK) cells with autologous tumor vaccine (ATV) therapy were attempted. Also, a strategy of high-dose (or lymphodepleting) chemotherapy followed by adoptive cell transfer has been drawing attentions recently. The most important role of these clinical studies using cell therapy was to prove that these ex vivo expanded effector cells could kill tumor cells in vivo. Although recent clinical results could demonstrate radiologic tumor shrinkage in a number of cases, cell transfer therapy alone has been utilized less frequently, because of the high cost of ex vivo cell expansion, the short duration of antitumor activity in vivo, and the recent shift of interest to vaccine immunotherapy. Nevertheless, NK cell therapy using specific feeder cells or allergenic NK cell lines have potentials to be a good choice of treatment because of easy ex vivo expansion and their efficacy especially when combined with vaccine therapy as they are complementary to each other. Also, further studies are expected to clarify the efficacy of the high-dose chemotherapy followed by a large scale cell transfer therapy as a new therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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19
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Ducray F, de Reyniès A, Chinot O, Idbaih A, Figarella-Branger D, Colin C, Karayan-Tapon L, Chneiweiss H, Wager M, Vallette F, Marie Y, Rickman D, Thomas E, Delattre JY, Honnorat J, Sanson M, Berger F. An ANOCEF genomic and transcriptomic microarray study of the response to radiotherapy or to alkylating first-line chemotherapy in glioblastoma patients. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:234. [PMID: 20822523 PMCID: PMC2944185 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular characteristics associated with the response to treatment in glioblastomas (GBMs) remain largely unknown. We performed a retrospective study to assess the genomic characteristics associated with the response of GBMs to either first-line chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The gene expression (n = 56) and genomic profiles (n = 67) of responders and non-responders to first-line chemotherapy or radiation therapy alone were compared on Affymetrix Plus 2 gene expression arrays and BAC CGH arrays. RESULTS According to Verhaak et al.'s classification system, mesenchymal GBMs were more likely to respond to radiotherapy than to first-line chemotherapy, whereas classical GBMs were more likely to respond to first-line chemotherapy than to radiotherapy. In patients treated with radiation therapy alone, the response was associated with differential expression of microenvironment-associated genes; the expression of hypoxia-related genes was associated with short-term progression-free survival (< 5 months), whereas the expression of immune genes was associated with prolonged progression-free survival (> 10 months). Consistently, infiltration of the tumor by both CD3 and CD68 cells was significantly more frequent in responders to radiotherapy than in non-responders. In patients treated with first-line chemotherapy, the expression of stem-cell genes was associated with resistance to chemotherapy, and there was a significant association between response to treatment and p16 locus deletions. Consistently, in an independent data set of patients treated with either radiotherapy alone or with both radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, we found that patients with the p16 deletion benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy regardless of their MGMT promoter methylation status, whereas in patients without the p16 deletion, this benefit was only observed in patients with a methylated MGMT promoter. CONCLUSION Differential expression of microenvironment genes and p16 locus deletion are associated with responses to radiation therapy and to first-line chemotherapy, respectively, in GBM. Recently identified transcriptomic subgroups of GBMs seem to respond differently to radiotherapy and to first-line chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Ducray
- INSERM, U842, Lyon, F-69372 France; Université Lyon 1, UMR-S842 Lyon, F-69003 France
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chinot
- Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité de Neuro-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Timone, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- « Equipe Angiogenèse, Invasivité et Microenvironnement tumoral » Faculté Médecine Timone, Université de la Mediterrannée UMR911 CRO2, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, hôpital de la Timone, Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Carole Colin
- « Equipe Angiogenèse, Invasivité et Microenvironnement tumoral » Faculté Médecine Timone, Université de la Mediterrannée UMR911 CRO2, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, hôpital de la Timone, Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Université de Poitiers, EA3805, CHU de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Hervé Chneiweiss
- UMR 894 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Michel Wager
- Université de Poitiers, EA3805, CHU de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - François Vallette
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Centre INSERM U892, Université de Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu 44035 Nantes cedex 01 France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Yannick Marie
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - David Rickman
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- INSERM, U842, Lyon, F-69372 France; Université Lyon 1, UMR-S842 Lyon, F-69003 France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Marc Sanson
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - François Berger
- Inserm U836, Grenoble Institut de Neurosciences, Unité Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
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Söderlund J, Erhardt S, Kast RE. Acyclovir inhibition of IDO to decrease Tregs as a glioblastoma treatment adjunct. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:44. [PMID: 20691089 PMCID: PMC2925358 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells, Tregs, are a subset of lymphocytes that have immunosuppressive attributes. They are elevated in blood of glioblastoma patients and within this tumor's tissue itself. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, IDO, converts tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO activity enhances Treg formation by pathways that are unknown. Experimentally, inhibition of IDO decreases Treg function and number in rodents. The common anti-viral agent acyclovir inhibits IDO. Acyclovir may thereby decrease Treg function in glioblastoma. If it can be confirmed that Treg counts are elevated in glioblastoma patients' tumor tissue, and if we can document acyclovir's lowering of tissue Treg counts by a small trial of acyclovir in pre-operative glioblastoma patients, a trial of acyclovir effect on survival should be done given the current poor prognosis of glioblastoma and the well-established safety and low side effect burden of acyclovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Söderlund
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Ginzkey C, Eicker SO, Marget M, Krause J, Brecht S, Westphal M, Hugo HH, Mehdorn HM, Steinmann J, Hamel W. Increase in tumor size following intratumoral injection of immunostimulatory CpG-containing oligonucleotides in a rat glioma model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:541-51. [PMID: 19798500 PMCID: PMC11029917 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive environment of malignant gliomas is likely to suppress the anti-tumor activity of infiltrating microglial cells and lymphocytes. Macrophages and microglial cells may be activated by oligonucleotides containing unmethylated CpG-motifs, although their value in cancer immunotherapy has remained controversial. Following injection of CpG-containing oligonucleotides (ODN) into normal rat brain, we observed a local inflammatory response with CD8+ T cell infiltration, upregulation of MHC 2, and ED1 expression proving the immunogenic capacity of the CpG-ODN used. This was not observed with a control ODN mutated in the immunostimulatory sequence (m-CpG). To study their effect in a syngeneic tumor model, we implanted rat 9L gliosarcoma cells into the striatum of Fisher 344 rats. After 3 days, immunostimulatory CpG-ODN, control m-CpG-ODN, or saline was injected stereotactically into the tumors (day 3 group). In another group of animals (day 0 group), CpG-ODN were mixed with 9L cells prior to implantation without further treatment on day 3. After 3 weeks, the animals were killed and the brains and spleens were removed. Rather unexpectedly, the tumors in several of the animals treated with CpG-ODN (both day 0 and day 3 group) were larger than in saline or m-CpG-ODN treated control animals. The tumor size in CpG-ODN-treated animals was more variable than in both control groups. This was associated with inflammatory responses and necrosis which was observed in most tumors following CpG treatment. This, however, did not prevent excessive growth of solid tumor masses in the CpG-treated animals similar to the control-treated animals. Dense infiltration with microglial cells resembling ramified microglia was observed within the solid tumor masses of control- and CpG-treated animals. In necrotic areas (phagocytic), activation of microglial cells was suggested by ED1 expression and a more macrophage-like morphology. Dense lymphocytic infiltrates consisting predominantly of CD8+ T cells and fewer NK cells were detected in all tumors including the control-treated animals. Expression of perforin serving as a marker for T cell or NK cell activation was detected only on isolated cells in all treatment groups. Tumors of all treatment groups revealed CD25 expression indicating T cells presumed to maintain peripheral tolerance to self-antigens. Cytotoxic T cell assays with in vitro restimulated lymphocytes ((51)chromium release assay) as well as interferon-gamma production by fresh splenocytes (Elispot assay) revealed specific responses to 9L cells but not another syngeneic cell line (MADB 106 adenocarcinoma). Surprisingly, the lysis rates with lymphocytes from CpG-ODN-treated animals were lower compared to control-treated animals. The tumor size of individual animals did not correlate with the response in both immune assays. Taken together, our data support the immunostimulatory capacity of CpG-ODN in normal brain. However, intratumoral application proved ineffective in a rat glioma model. CpG-ODN treatment may not yield beneficial effects in glioma patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Brain Neoplasms/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Movement
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gliosarcoma/immunology
- Gliosarcoma/pathology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Injections, Intralesional
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating
- Male
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ginzkey
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
- Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten der Universität Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven O. Eicker
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Marget
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Joerg Krause
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Brecht
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Neurochirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans H. Hugo
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - H. M. Mehdorn
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Joerg Steinmann
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hamel
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
- Neurochirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Ling X, Marini F, Konopleva M, Schober W, Shi Y, Burks J, Clise-Dwyer K, Wang RY, Zhang W, Yuan X, Lu H, Caldwell L, Andreeff M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing IFN-β Inhibit Breast Cancer Growth and Metastases through Stat3 Signaling in a Syngeneic Tumor Model. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2010; 3:83-95. [PMID: 21209776 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-010-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We previously demonstrated that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are recruited to tumors and that IFN-β produced by MSC inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models. Because of a deficient immune system, murine xenograft models cannot fully recapitulate tumor and immune cell interactions during progression. Therefore we investigated the capacity of MSC to migrate to and engraft into primary breast tumor sites and subsequently explore mechanisms of tumor inhibition by MSC-delivered IFN-β in a syngeneic, immunocompetent murine model. Herein we report that 1) systemically administrated MSC migrate to established 4 T1 breast cancer sites and localize among the tumor-stroma border and throughout the tumor mass; 2) high levels of IFN-β secreted by MSC are detectable in the tumor microenvironment but not in circulation; 3) intratumorally produced IFN-β inactivates constitutive phosphorylation of signal transducer activator transcription factor 3 (Stat3), Src, and Akt and down-regulates cMyc and MMP2 expression in 4 T1 cells, and 4) in mice with established breast cancer IFN-β expressing MSC administered systemically resulted in inhibition of primary cancer growth and in dramatic reduction of pulmonary and hepatic metastases. 5) MSC-IFN-β treated, but not control mice, maintained normal levels of splenic mature dendritic (DC), CD8+ T cells and CD4+/Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Treg). Our findings suggest that MSC are capable of migrating to tumor sites in an immunocompetent environment, that IFN-β produced by MSC suppresses breast cancer growth through inhibition of Stat3 signaling, and dramatically reduces pulmonary and hepatic metastases. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12307-010-0041-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ling
- Molecular Hematology and Therapy Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 448, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
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23
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Abstract
Several immunostimulant approaches have been studied in the treatment of gliomas. The advent of recombinant DNA technology led to a nonspecific immunostimulation via systemic administration of cytokines. Recently, in attempts to more closely mimic their natural activity, cytokines have been delivered by implanting genetically transduced cells or by using in vivo gene transfer techniques. The latest efforts have focused on immunostimulatory agents that act directly on antigen-presenting cells and effector cells of the immune system via pattern recognition receptors. Combining these strategies with more than one mode of immunotherapy may provide better clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, A808, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Van Gool S, Maes W, Ardon H, Verschuere T, Van Cauter S, De Vleeschouwer S. Dendritic cell therapy of high-grade gliomas. Brain Pathol 2009; 19:694-712. [PMID: 19744041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2009.00316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with malignant glioma is poor in spite of multimodal treatment approaches consisting of neurosurgery, radiochemotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy. Among innovative treatment strategies like targeted therapy, antiangiogenesis and gene therapy approaches, immunotherapy emerges as a meaningful and feasible treatment approach for inducing long-term survival in at least a subpopulation of these patients. Setting up immunotherapy for an inherent immunosuppressive tumor located in an immune-privileged environment requires integration of a lot of scientific input and knowledge of both tumor immunology and neuro-oncology. The field of immunotherapy is moving into the direction of active specific immunotherapy using autologous dendritic cells (DCs) as vehicle for immunization. In the translational research program of the authors, the whole cascade from bench to bed to bench of active specific immunotherapy for malignant glioma is covered, including proof of principle experiments to demonstrate immunogenicity of patient-derived mature DCs loaded with autologous tumor lysate, preclinical in vivo experiments in a murine orthotopic glioma model, early phase I/II clinical trials for relapsing patients, a phase II trial for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) for whom immunotherapy is integrated in the current multimodal treatment, and laboratory analyses of patient samples. The strategies and results of this program are discussed in the light of the internationally available scientific literature in this fast-moving field of basic science and translational clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan Van Gool
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, and Department of Child & Woman, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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25
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Cho DY, Lin SZ, Yang WK, Hsu DM, Lee HC, Lee WY, Liu SP. Recent Advances of Dendritic Cells (DCs)-Based Immunotherapy for Malignant Gliomas. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:977-83. [PMID: 19523342 DOI: 10.3727/096368909x12483162196962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a new light of hope for the treatment of malignant gliomas. The brain is no longer believed to be an immunologically privileged organ. The major advantage of immunotherapy is the tumor-specific cytotoxic effect on the tumor cells with minimal side effects. Autologous dendritic cells (DCs)-based immunotherapy is a promising and feasible method. DCs are the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). DCs prime T lymphocytes by epitopic major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and II for CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and CD4+ T helper cells, respectively. From the tissue specimen examination after DCs-based immunotherapy, CD8+ CTLs have replaced T regulatory cells (Tregs) as the major dominant tissue infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). CD8+ CTLs play a key role in the tumor response, which may also be effective against cancer stem cells. DCs themselves also produce many cytokines including interferon-γ and interleukin (IL-2) to kill the tumor cells. From the preliminary better outcomes in the literature for malignant gliomas, DC-based immunotherapy may improve tumor response by increasing the survival rate and time. It is recommended that DC-based immunotherapy is applied as soon as possible with conjunctive radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Malignant gliomas have heterogeneity of tissue-associated antigens (TAAs). To find universal common antigens through different kinds of tumor culture may be the essential issue for tumor vaccine development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Yang Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuropsychiatric, Cell/Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, China Medical University & Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuropsychiatric, Cell/Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, China Medical University & Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Kuang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuropsychiatric, Cell/Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, China Medical University & Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Den-Mei Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuropsychiatric, Cell/Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, China Medical University & Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Han-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuropsychiatric, Cell/Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, China Medical University & Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yeun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuropsychiatric, Cell/Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, China Medical University & Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuropsychiatric, Cell/Gene Therapy Research Laboratory, China Medical University & Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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26
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Barcia C, Gómez A, Gallego-Sanchez JM, Perez-Vallés A, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR, Barcia C, Herrero MT. Infiltrating CTLs in human glioblastoma establish immunological synapses with tumorigenic cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:786-98. [PMID: 19628762 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The immunological synapse between T cells and tumor cells is believed to be important for effective tumor clearance. However, the immunological synapse has never been imaged or analyzed in detail in human tissue. In this work, intercellular interactions between T cells and tumor cells were analyzed in detail in human glioblastoma. After characterization of the population of infiltrating T cells by multiple immunofluorescence staining and stereological quantification, the microanatomy of T cell-tumor cell intercellular communication was analyzed in detail using confocal microscopy and three-dimensional rendering. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes that infiltrated human glioblastoma underwent rearrangement when in contact with tumor cells, to form a three-dimensional structure in the intercellular contact area; this was characterized by microclusters of the CD3/TCR complex, re-arrangement of the cytoskeleton, and granzyme B polarization. In addition, such T cell-targeted cells show fragmentation of the microtubular system and increased expression levels of cleaved caspase 3, which suggests that cytotoxic T lymphocytes likely provoke changes in tumor cells and subsequently induce cell death. These results show that the formation of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunological synapse occurs in human tissue and may be relevant for the effective immune-mediated clearance of tumorigenic cells, therefore opening up new avenues for glioblastoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Barcia
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, CIBERNED, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain.
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27
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Human glioma cell culture: two FCS-free media could be recommended for clinical use in immunotherapy. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2009; 45:500-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-009-9215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Yu W, Su Z, Wu Z, Mao X, Zheng W, Zeng Y. cDNA clone, prokaryotic expression and purification of human interleukin-13 receptor [alpha]2 chain. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:409-13. [PMID: 18677476 PMCID: PMC11030778 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical technology and radiation therapy, the prognosis in the patients with malignant glioma remains poor. Recent studies show that interleukin-13 receptor [alpha]2 chain (IL-13Ra2), a brain tumor-associated receptor for IL-13, may play a role in immunotherapy for glioblastoma. We thus amplified human IL-13Ra2 gene from the human glioblastoma cell line using RT-PCR and cloned the target gene into the pET-28a, a prokaryotic expressing plasmid. After transformation, the recombinant plasmid expressed a soluble protein induced by IPTG. The purified recombinant protein was shown to be a single band on the SDS-PAGE with a predicated molecular weight of human IL-13Ra2 gene, suggesting that the recombinant protein of human IL-13Ra2 was successfully expressed. Recombinant IL-13Ra2 protein can be used as an anti-tumor vaccine, which may provide a promising new strategy for the treatment of brain malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhebao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiming Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 325000 Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zeng
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Beijing University of Technology, 100022 Beijing, China
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29
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Fujita M, Zhu X, Ueda R, Sasaki K, Kohanbash G, Kastenhuber ER, McDonald HA, Gibson GA, Watkins SC, Muthuswamy R, Kalinski P, Okada H. Effective immunotherapy against murine gliomas using type 1 polarizing dendritic cells--significant roles of CXCL10. Cancer Res 2009; 69:1587-95. [PMID: 19190335 PMCID: PMC5450639 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to develop effective vaccines against central nervous system (CNS) tumors, we evaluated the ability of vaccines with standard dendritic cells (DC) versus type 1 polarizing DCs (DC1) to induce glioma-specific type 1 CTLs with CNS tumor-relevant homing properties and the mechanism of their action. C57BL/6 mouse-derived bone marrow cells were cultured with mouse granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for 6 days, and CD11c(+) cells were subsequently cultured with GM-CSF, rmIFN-gamma, rmIFN-alpha, rmIL-4, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized by lysine and carboxymethylcellulose for 24 hours to generate DC1s. In analogy to their human counterparts, mouse DC1s exhibited surface marker profiles of mature DCs and produced high levels of IL-12 and CXCL10. Importantly for their application as cancer vaccines, such DC1s stably retained their type 1 phenotype even when exposed to type 2-promoting or regulatory T cell (Treg)-promoting environments. Consistently, mouse DC1s induced antigen-specific type 1 CTLs more efficiently than nonpolarized DCs in vitro. DC1s given s.c. migrated into draining lymph nodes, induced antigen-specific CTLs, and suppressed Treg accumulation. In addition, s.c. immunization with DC1s loaded with glioma-associated antigen (GAA)-derived CTL epitope peptides prolonged the survival of CNS GL261 glioma-bearing mice, which was associated with efficient CNS glioma homing of antigen-specific CTLs. Intratumoral injections of GAA peptide-loaded DC1s further enhanced the anti-CNS glioma effects of DC1-based s.c. immunization. Interestingly, the antitumor functions were abrogated with CXCL10(-/-) mouse-derived DC1s. Collectively, these findings show the anti-CNS glioma effects of DC1-based therapy and a novel role of CXCL10 in the immunologic and therapeutic activity of DC-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsugu Fujita
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Brain Tumor Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xinmei Zhu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Brain Tumor Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryo Ueda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Brain Tumor Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kotaro Sasaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Brain Tumor Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward R. Kastenhuber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Brain Tumor Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather A. McDonald
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Brain Tumor Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory A. Gibson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravikumar Muthuswamy
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Brain Tumor Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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30
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Brioschi AM, Calderoni S, Zara GP, Priano L, Gasco MR, Mauro A. Solid lipid nanoparticles for brain tumors therapy. NANONEUROSCIENCE AND NANONEUROPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 180:193-223. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)80011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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31
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Curtin JF, Candolfi M, Fakhouri TM, Liu C, Alden A, Edwards M, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Treg depletion inhibits efficacy of cancer immunotherapy: implications for clinical trials. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1983. [PMID: 18431473 PMCID: PMC2291560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) infiltrate human glioblastoma (GBM); are involved in tumor progression and correlate with tumor grade. Transient elimination of Tregs using CD25 depleting antibodies (PC61) has been found to mediate GBM regression in preclinical models of brain tumors. Clinical trials that combine Treg depletion with tumor vaccination are underway to determine whether transient Treg depletion can enhance anti-tumor immune responses and improve long term survival in cancer patients. Findings Using a syngeneic intracrabial glioblastoma (GBM) mouse model we show that systemic depletion of Tregs 15 days after tumor implantation using PC61 resulted in a decrease in Tregs present in tumors, draining lymph nodes and spleen and improved long-term survival (50% of mice survived >150 days). No improvement in survival was observed when Tregs were depleted 24 days after tumor implantation, suggesting that tumor burden is an important factor for determining efficacy of Treg depletion in clinical trials. In a T cell dependent model of brain tumor regression elicited by intratumoral delivery of adenoviral vectors (Ad) expressing Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) and Herpes Simplex Type 1-Thymidine Kinase (TK) with ganciclovir (GCV), we demonstrate that administration of PC61 24 days after tumor implantation (7 days after treatment) inhibited T cell dependent tumor regression and long term survival. Further, depletion with PC61 completely inhibited clonal expansion of tumor antigen-specific T lymphocytes in response to the treatment. Conclusions Our data demonstrate for the first time, that although Treg depletion inhibits the progression/eliminates GBM tumors, its efficacy is dependent on tumor burden. We conclude that this approach will be useful in a setting of minimal residual disease. Further, we also demonstrate that Treg depletion, using PC61 in combination with immunotherapy, inhibits clonal expansion of tumor antigen-specific T cells, suggesting that new, more specific targets to block Tregs will be necessary when used in combination with therapies that activate anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Curtin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Brain Research Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, The Brain Research Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Brain Research Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, The Brain Research Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tamer M. Fakhouri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Brain Research Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, The Brain Research Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anderson Alden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Brain Research Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, The Brain Research Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Brain Research Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, The Brain Research Institute, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Brioschi A, Zara GP, Calderoni S, Gasco MR, Mauro A. Cholesterylbutyrate solid lipid nanoparticles as a butyric acid prodrug. Molecules 2008; 13:230-54. [PMID: 18305415 PMCID: PMC6245427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterylbutyrate (Chol-but) was chosen as a prodrug of butyric acid. Butyrate is not often used in vivo because its half-life is very short and therefore too large amounts of the drug would be necessary for its efficacy. In the last few years butyric acid's anti-inflammatory properties and its inhibitory activity towards histone deacetylases have been widely studied, mainly in vitro. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs), whose lipid matrix is Chol-but, were prepared to evaluate the delivery system of Chol-but as a prodrug and to test its efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Chol-but SLNs were prepared using the microemulsion method; their average diameter is on the order of 100-150 nm and their shape is spherical. The antineoplastic effects of Chol-but SLNs were assessed in vitro on different cancer cell lines and in vivo on a rat intracerebral glioma model. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on adhesion of polymorphonuclear cells to vascular endothelial cells. In the review we will present data on Chol-but SLNs in vitro and in vivo experiments, discussing the possible utilisation of nanoparticles for the delivery of prodrugs for neoplastic and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brioschi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS - Department of Neurology - Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Piancavallo, PO. Box 1 - 28921 Verbania, Italy.
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Haque A, Banik NL, Ray SK. Emerging Role of Combination of All-trans Retinoic Acid and Interferon-gamma as Chemoimmunotherapy in the Management of Human Glioblastoma. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:2203-9. [PMID: 17676389 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-007-9420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant and common type of brain tumor with devastating outcome. Because current treatment modalities are mostly ineffective in controlling and curing glioblastoma, new and innovative therapeutic strategies must be developed. This article describes recent advances in chemoimmunotherapy, which is combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, against glioblastoma. We provide an overview of available treatment options for glioblastomas, gaps in our knowledge of immune recognition of these malignant tumors, and chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents that need to be further explored for designing novel chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy for the management of human glioblastomas. Our recent study demonstrated that combination of the chemotherapeutic agent all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and the immunotherapeutic agent interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) could concurrently induce differentiation, apoptotic death, and immune components in two different human glioblastoma cell lines. We propose that combination of ATRA and IFN-gamma can become an efficacious chemoimmunotherapy for the treatment of human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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