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Wang C, Liu D, Cui Y, Zhao L, Chen Z, Liu F, Zhang R, Zou J. Determination of Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) in Serum by a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- School of Medical Instrument, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daoxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Cui
- School of Medical Instrument, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lizhe Zhao
- Beijing Jianpingjinxing Biotech, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Beijing Jianpingjinxing Biotech, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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The effect of a fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, growth hormone, and Biolaminin 521 LN on the proliferative activity of cat stem cells. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202190010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The wide use of cell technologies in clinical practice requires a large amount of cell material, which has led to improvement in culture conditions, making it possible to obtain more cell material in a shorter period of time. Thus, the purpose of our paper was to study the effects of different concentrations of an insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), a fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2),| a growth hormone (rhGH), and Biolaminin 521 LN (LN 521) on the proliferative activity and genetic stability of stem cell cultures derived from the cat bone marrow, adipose tissue, and myocardium. Cell cultures for the experiment were obtained from the adipose tissue, bone marrow, and myocardium of a cat. Differences were found in the effects of the various growth promoters on the proliferative activity of cells in the culture. The IGF-1 demonstrated a positive effect on the proliferative activity of all cultures. The addition of the rhGH to the bone marrow-derived cell culture increased the size of the cells and decreased the proliferation index relative to the control group. The addition of the growth factors to the culture medium did not significantly increase the number of cells with altered karyotype in any of the cultures relative to the control group.
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Schüler R, Markova M, Osterhoff MA, Arafat A, Pivovarova O, Machann J, Hierholzer J, Hornemann S, Rohn S, Pfeiffer AFH. Similar dietary regulation of IGF-1- and IGF-binding proteins by animal and plant protein in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3499-3504. [PMID: 33686453 PMCID: PMC8354897 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased animal but not plant protein intake has been associated with increased mortality in epidemiological studies in humans and with reduced lifespan in animal species. Protein intake increases the activity of the IGF-1 system which may provide a link to reduced lifespan. We, therefore, compared the effects of animal versus plant protein intake on circulating levels of IGF-1 and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP)-1 and IGFBP-2 over a 6-week period. Thirty seven participants with type 2 diabetes consumed isocaloric diets composed of either 30% energy (EN) animal or plant protein, 30% EN fat and 40% EN carbohydrates for 6 weeks. The participants were clinically phenotyped before and at the end of the study. Both diets induced similar and significant increases of IGF-1 which was unaffected by the different amino acid compositions of plant and animal protein. Despite improvements of insulin sensitivity and major reductions of liver fat, IGFBP2 decreased with both diets while IGFBP-1 was not altered. We conclude that animal and plant protein similarly increase IGF-1 bioavailability while improving metabolic parameters and may be regarded as equivalent in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Schüler
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mariya Markova
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin A Osterhoff
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayman Arafat
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Section of Experimental Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hierholzer
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Academic Teaching Hospital, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Silke Hornemann
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
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Shang Y, Ma C, Zhang J, Wang Z, Ren C, Luo X, Peng R, Liu J, Mao J, Shi Y, Fan G. Bifunctional supramolecular nanofiber inhibits atherosclerosis by enhancing plaque stability and anti-inflammation in apoE -/- mice. Theranostics 2020; 10:10231-10244. [PMID: 32929345 PMCID: PMC7481406 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Atherosclerosis is vascular disease of chronic inflammation and lipid disorder, which is a major cause of coronary heart disease. Foam cell formation is key progress during the atherosclerosis development. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 is a growth hormone that plays a crucial role in growth, metabolism, and homeostasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that increase in circulating IGF-1 can reduce atherosclerotic burden. However, active IGF-1 is characterized with poor tissue retention and is at a very low level in circulation system. Therefore, supplementation of exogenous IGF-1 to restore the physiological level is a promising approach to inhibit atherosclerosis. In this study, we develop a self-assembling, anti-inflammatory drug-modified peptide derived from IGF-1 to mimic IGF-1 bioactivity and simultaneously with an anti-inflammatory property for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Methods: ApoE-/- mice were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected with the different hydrogels or natural IGF-1 protein solution per week and simultaneously fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesion formation and stability were assessed after treatment. Moreover, peritoneal macrophage and serum samples were collected to determine lipid profile and inflammatory cytokines. Concurrently, we determined the effect of bifunctional supramolecular nanofibers/hydrogel on cholesterol efflux, foam cell formation, phenotypic transformation of VSMC to macrophage-like cells, and macrophage polarization in vitro or in vivo. Results: Bifunctional supramolecular nanofibers/hydrogel for the treatment of atherosclerosis was formed by a short peptide consisting of a tetrapeptide SSSR from C-region of growth factor IGF-1, an anti-inflammatory drug naproxen (Npx), and a powerful self-assembling D-peptide DFDF. The resulting hydrogel of Npx-DFDFGSSSR (Hydrogel 1, H1) possessed both the anti-inflammatory and IGF-1 mimicking properties, and it efficiently promoted the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, thereby significantly reducing cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and preventing foam cell formation. Moreover, H1 markedly inhibited the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into macrophage-like cells which also contributed to foam cell formation. In addition, H1 significantly reduced the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, the IGF-1 mimetic peptide showed comparable performance to IGF-1 in vivo and inhibited atherosclerosis by markedly reducing lesion area and enhancing plaque stability. Conclusions: Our study provides a novel supramolecular nanomaterial to inhibit pathological progress of atherosclerosis through regulating cholesterol efflux and inflammation, which may contribute to the development of a promising nanomedicine for the treatment of atherosclerosis in the clinic.
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Pla I, Sahlin KB, Pawłowski K, Appelqvist R, Marko-Varga G, Sanchez A, Malm J. A pilot proteomic study reveals different protein profiles related to testosterone and gonadotropin changes in a short-term controlled healthy human cohort. J Proteomics 2020; 220:103768. [PMID: 32240812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indira Pla
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - K Barbara Sahlin
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Roger Appelqvist
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; First Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjiku Shinjiku-ku, Japan
| | - Aniel Sanchez
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Johan Malm
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, BMC D13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Tasdighi E, Hekmat M, Beheshti M, Baghaei R, Mirhosseini SM, Torbati P, Pourmotahari F, Foroughi M. Vitamin D Treatment Attenuates Heart Apoptosis After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 25:338-345. [PMID: 32323557 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420920495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D plays an important role in immune system and in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with an extensive inflammatory response. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of vitamin D treatment on the apoptosis and inflammatory changes developed after CABG. METHODS This trial was conducted on 70 patients undergoing CABG with CPB. Patients were randomly administered either in placebo or in the group of orally consuming 150 000 IU vitamin D daily for 3 consecutive days before surgery. The right atrium sample was taken to assess caspases 2, 3, and 7 activity using immunohistochemistry method. The serum level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were compared at intervals. RESULTS The average number of positive cells for caspases 2 and 3 were less in vitamin D group (P = .006 and P < .001, respectively). There was an increase in serum levels of IL-10 after 3 days from vitamin D treatment before surgery (vitamin D group = 4.4 ± 4.9 ng/mL and control group = 1 ± 0.5 ng/mL, P = .001). After operation, IL-10 increased in both groups, higher level in vitamin D group (P < .001). The comparison of serum IGF-1 showed significant difference after 3 days (P = .006) and remained higher in vitamin D group after CPB (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the apoptosis rate after CPB can be reduced by vitamin D. Vitamin D treatment may improve the inflammatory status before and after surgery. Further studies are needed to confirm the antiapoptotic property of vitamin D and clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Tasdighi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Hekmat
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Beheshti
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Baghaei
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Mirhosseini
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Torbati
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pourmotahari
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnoosh Foroughi
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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van Bunderen CC, Meijer RI, Lips P, Kramer MH, Serné EH, Drent ML. Titrating Growth Hormone Dose to High-Normal IGF-1 Levels Has Beneficial Effects on Body Fat Distribution and Microcirculatory Function Despite Causing Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:619173. [PMID: 33633687 PMCID: PMC7899963 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.619173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To clarify the mechanism underlying the described U-shaped relation of both low and high levels of IGF-1 with cardiovascular disease this study explores the effect of decreasing and increasing growth hormone dose in GH deficient adults on (micro)vascular function, body composition and insulin resistance. In this randomized clinical trial, thirty-two subjects receiving GH therapy with an IGF-1 concentration between -1 and 1 SD score (SDS) for at least one year were randomized to receive either a decrease (IGF-1 target level of -2 to -1 SDS) or an increase of their daily GH dose (IGF-1 target level of 1 to 2 SDS) for a period of 24 weeks. Microvascular endothelium (in)dependent vasodilatation and vasomotion, vascular stiffness by pulse wave analysis, and HOMA-IR were measured. At the end of the study 30 subjects (65.6% men, mean age 46.6 (SD 9.9) years) were analyzed. There was a favorable effect of increasing the IGF-1 level on waist circumference compared to decreasing the IGF-1 level (p=0.05), but a detrimental effect on insulin resistance (p=0.03). Decreasing IGF-1 level significantly lowered the endothelial domain of vasomotion (p=0.03), whereas increasing IGF-1 level increased the contribution of the neurogenic domain (p=0.05). This change was related to the favorable change in waist circumference. In conclusion, increasing IGF-1 levels was beneficial for body composition but detrimental with respect to insulin resistance. The contribution of the neurogenic vasomotion domain increased in parallel, and could be explained by the favorable change in waist circumference. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01877512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa C. van Bunderen
- Section of Endocrinology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Christa C. van Bunderen,
| | - Rick I. Meijer
- Section of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Lips
- Section of Endocrinology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark H. Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Serné
- Section of Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Madeleine L. Drent
- Section of Endocrinology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Yılmaz Y, Tanrıverdi F, Duran M, Altay M, Eryol NK. Is IGF-1 level actually lowered in the early stage following an acute myocardial infarction and is IGF-1 associated with the left ventricle dysfunction or cardiac events? JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.504184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zhang G, Zhou J, Huang W, Fang M, Yu L, Wang H, Zhang Y. Prenatal ethanol exposure-induced a low level of foetal blood cholesterol and its mechanism of IGF1-related placental cholesterol transport dysfunction. Toxicology 2019; 424:152237. [PMID: 31226463 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Clinical researches showed that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) foetus had decreased blood cholesterol levels. The present study aimed to confirm that prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) caused decreased blood cholesterol levels in IUGR foetal rats and elucidate its placental mechanism. Pregnant Wistar rats were intragastrically administrated with ethanol (4 g/kg.d) on gestational days 9-20 (GD9-20). in vivo, PEE increased the levels of total cholesterol (TCH), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in maternal serum, whereas decreased them in both female and male foetal serum. Moreover, the expression of cholesterol transport genes, scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1) was reduced in female and male placentas in the PEE group. Meanwhile, the proliferation decreased and the apoptosis increased in female and male placentas, and the insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signal pathway was inhibited. in vitro, after being treated with ethanol (15, 30, 60, 120 mM) for 72 h, the expression of cholesterol transport genes was decreased, the apoptosis was increased, the proliferation was decreased and the IGF1 signal pathway was inhibited in BeWo cells, whereas exogenous IGF1 reversed these changes. In conclusion, by inhibiting the IGF1 signal pathway in placentas, PEE induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, thus decreased the cholesterol transport in placentas, and eventually leading to low blood cholesterol levels in foetal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Man Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Luting Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Muraguchi T, Nanba D, Nishimura EK, Tashiro T. IGF-1R deficiency in human keratinocytes disrupts epidermal homeostasis and stem cell maintenance. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 94:298-305. [PMID: 31122679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) are keratinocytes that reside in the basal layer of the epidermis and mediate epidermal homeostasis. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling through its receptor (IGF-1R) has been identified as an important regulator in rodent skin development and differentiation. However, the role of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in human keratinocytes is not yet well understood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the role of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in human epidermal homeostasis. METHODS IGF-1R specific knockout (KO) HaCaT keratinocytes were generated by CRISPR-Caspase-9-mediated non-homologous end joining frame-shift mutations. Further, the behavior of these keratinocytes in epidermal homeostasis was investigated using reconstructed epidermis and human skin equivalents. RESULTS IGF-1R KO HaCaT keratinocytes were successfully established and produced thin epidermis in three-dimensional culture models. Keratin10-positive cells were frequently found in the basal layer of the reconstructed epidermis. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling was demonstrated to play a key role in maintaining human epidermal homeostasis. This method provides a new framework to investigate gene function in human epidermal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Muraguchi
- Bioscience & Technology Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Kaisei, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Nanba
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tashiro
- Pharmaceutical & Healthcare Research Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Kaisei, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
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Wen HJ, Liu GF, Xiao LZ, Wu YG. Involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in IGF‑1 protects endothelial progenitor cells against injury from oxidized LDLs. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:660-666. [PMID: 30431094 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A high level of oxidized low‑density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether insulin‑like growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1) protected endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from injury caused by ox‑LDLs, and whether the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway was involved in this process. EPCs were isolated from human peripheral blood and characterized. In order to evaluate the effect of IGF‑1 on EPCs, cells were incubated with ox‑LDLs (100 mg/ml) for 24 h to induce a model of EPC dysfunction in vitro, which demonstrated a decrease in the number of EPCs, concomitant with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation rates. IGF‑1 dose‑dependently increased the number of EPCs. Concurrently, IGF‑1 decreased the levels of apoptosis of EPCs and improved EPCs proliferation following ox‑LDLs challenge. In addition, IGF‑1 significantly increased NO levels in ox‑LDLs‑treated EPCs, accompanied by an upregulation in eNOS expression. The protective effects of IGF‑1 on EPCs and NO production were abolished by L‑NAME, a specific eNOS inhibitor. These results suggested that IGF‑1 protects EPCs from dysfunction induced by oxLDLs through a mechanism involving the eNOS/NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jing Wen
- Positron Emission Tomography‑Computed Tomography Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Feng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Li-Zhi Xiao
- Positron Emission Tomography‑Computed Tomography Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Wu
- Positron Emission Tomography‑Computed Tomography Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Sukhanov S, Higashi Y, Shai SY, Snarski P, Danchuk S, D'Ambra V, Tabony M, Woods TC, Hou X, Li Z, Ozoe A, Chandrasekar B, Takahashi SI, Delafontaine P. SM22α (Smooth Muscle Protein 22-α) Promoter-Driven IGF1R (Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) Deficiency Promotes Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:2306-2317. [PMID: 30354209 PMCID: PMC6287936 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective- IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) is a major autocrine/paracrine growth factor, which promotes cell proliferation, migration, and survival. We have shown previously that IGF-1 reduced atherosclerosis and promoted features of stable atherosclerotic plaque in Apoe-/- mice-an animal model of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess effects of smooth muscle cell (SMC) IGF-1 signaling on the atherosclerotic plaque. Approach and Results- We generated Apoe-/- mice with IGF1R (IGF-1 receptor) deficiency in SMC and fibroblasts (SM22α [smooth muscle protein 22 α]-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice). IGF1R was decreased in the aorta and adventitia of SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice and also in aortic SMC, embryonic, skin, and lung fibroblasts isolated from SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice. IGF1R deficiency downregulated collagen mRNA-binding protein LARP6 (La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 6) and vascular collagen, and mice exhibited growth retardation. The high-fat diet-fed SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice had increased atherosclerotic burden and inflammatory responses. α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin)-positive plaque cells had reduced proliferation and elevated apoptosis. SMC/fibroblast-targeted decline in IGF-1 signaling decreased atherosclerotic plaque SMC, markedly depleted collagen, reduced plaque fibrous cap, and increased plaque necrotic cores. Aortic SMC isolated from SM22α-CreKI/IGF1R-flox mice had decreased cell proliferation, migration, increased sensitivity to apoptosis, and these effects were associated with disruption of IGF-1-induced Akt signaling. Conclusions- IGF-1 signaling in SMC and in fibroblast is a critical determinant of normal vascular wall development and atheroprotection.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/deficiency
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- SS-B Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Sukhanov
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Shaw-Yung Shai
- Heart and Vascular Institute (S.-Y.S., V.D., M.T.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Patricia Snarski
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Svitlana Danchuk
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Veronica D'Ambra
- Heart and Vascular Institute (S.-Y.S., V.D., M.T.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Michael Tabony
- Heart and Vascular Institute (S.-Y.S., V.D., M.T.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - T Cooper Woods
- Department of Physiology (T.C.W.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xuwei Hou
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Zhaohui Li
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
| | - Atsufumi Ozoe
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan (A.O., S.-I.T.)
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
- Harry Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (B.C.)
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan (A.O., S.-I.T.)
| | - Patrice Delafontaine
- From the University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (S.S., Y.H., P.S., S.D., X.H., Z.L., B.C., P.D.)
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13
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Propolis reversed cigarette smoke-induced emphysema through macrophage alternative activation independent of Nrf2. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5557-5568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in cardiac aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1931-1938. [PMID: 28847512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in most developed countries. Aging is associated with enhanced risk of CVD. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) binds to its cognate receptor, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and exerts pleiotropic effects on cell growth, differentiation, development, and tissue repair. Importantly, IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling is implicated in cardiac aging and longevity. Cardiac aging is an intrinsic process that results in cardiac dysfunction, accompanied by molecular and cellular changes. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the link between the IGF-1/IGF-1R system and cardiac aging. The biological effects of IGF-1R and insulin receptor will be discussed and compared. Furthermore, we describe data regarding how deletion of IGF-1R in cardiomyocytes of aged knockout mice may delay the development of senescence-associated myocardial pathologies. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
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15
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Shanmugalingam T, Bosco C, Ridley AJ, Van Hemelrijck M. Is there a role for IGF-1 in the development of second primary cancers? Cancer Med 2016; 5:3353-3367. [PMID: 27734632 PMCID: PMC5119990 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer survival rates are increasing, and as a result, more cancer survivors are exposed to the risk of developing a second primary cancer (SPC). It has been hypothesized that one of the underlying mechanisms for this risk could be mediated by variations in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). This review summarizes the current epidemiological evidence to identify whether IGF-1 plays a role in the development of SPCs. IGF-1 is known to promote cancer development by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating cell proliferation. Epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between circulating IGF-1 levels and various primary cancers, such as breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. The role of IGF-1 in increasing SPC risk has been explored less. Nonetheless, several experimental studies have observed a deregulation of the IGF-1 pathway, which may explain the association between IGF-1 and SPCs. Thus, measuring serum IGF-1 may serve as a useful marker in assessing the risk of SPCs, and therefore, more translational experimental and epidemiological studies are needed to further disentangle the role of IGF-1 in the development of specific SPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thurkaa Shanmugalingam
- Division of Cancer StudiesCancer Epidemiology GroupKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Bosco
- Division of Cancer StudiesCancer Epidemiology GroupKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Division of Cancer StudiesCancer Epidemiology GroupKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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16
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Trosan P, Javorkova E, Zajicova A, Hajkova M, Hermankova B, Kossl J, Krulova M, Holan V. The Supportive Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in the Differentiation of Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Corneal-Like Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:874-81. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Trosan
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Javorkova
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zajicova
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hajkova
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hermankova
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kossl
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Krulova
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Holan
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Gomes-Santos E, Salvatori R, Ferrão TO, Oliveira CRP, Diniz RDCA, Santana JAM, Pereira FA, Barbosa RAA, Souza AHO, Melo EV, Epitácio-Pereira CC, Oliveira-Santos AA, Oliveira IAS, Machado JA, Santana-Júnior FJ, Barreto-Filho JAS, Aguiar-Oliveira MH. Increased visceral adiposity and cortisol to cortisone ratio in adults with congenital lifetime isolated GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:3285-9. [PMID: 24926956 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adult-onset GH deficiency (GHD) increases visceral adiposity and the activity of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts cortisone (E) to cortisol (F), both linked to insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk. Conversely, we reported that adults with congenital isolated GHD (IGHD) have increased insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE To assess the type of fat distribution and the amount of visceral and sc fat and to correlate them to the F/E ratio in adults with untreated IGHD due to a mutation in the GHRH receptor gene. METHODS Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, thickness of sc and visceral fat was measured by sonography, and serum F and E were measured in 23 IGHD subjects and 21 age-matched controls. RESULTS Waist/hip ratio (WHR), trunk fat, and trunk/extremity fat (TR/EXT) ratio were higher in IGHD subjects. Visceral fat index (VFI) (but not sc fat index [SFI]) was higher in IGHD. F and F/E ratio were also higher in IGHD. In all 44 individuals, WHR correlated with TR/EXT ratio, thickness of visceral fat, VFI/SFI ratio, F, and F/E ratio. TR/EXT ratio correlated with visceral fat thickness, VFI/SFI ratio, and F. Age had a significant effect on VFI and on F/E ratio. Body mass index SD score and WHR have a similar significant effect on TR/EXT ratio and on F/E ratio. CONCLUSIONS Lifetime congenital untreated IGHD causes increased visceral adiposity with a high F/E ratio. However, the increased insulin sensitivity suggests that visceral adiposity needs a minimal GH secretion to translate into increased insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenilde Gomes-Santos
- Federal University of Sergipe, Divisions of Endocrinology (E.G.-S., C.R.P.O., R.D.C.A.D., J.A.M.S., F.A.P., R.A.A.B. A.H.O.S., E.V.M., C.C.E.-P., A.A.O.-S., I.A.S.O., J.A.M., F.J.S.-J., J.A.S.B.-F., M.H.A.-O.), and Radiology (T.O.F.), Aracaju, SE, Brazil 49060-100; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.S.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
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18
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Ryu JS, Jung YH, Cho MY, Yeo JE, Choi YJ, Kim YI, Koh YG. Co-culture with human synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibits inflammatory activity and increases cell proliferation of sodium nitroprusside-stimulated chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:715-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Li Y, Shelat H, Wu H, Zhu M, Xu J, Geng YJ. Low circulating level of IGF-1 is a distinct indicator for the development of cardiovascular disease caused by combined hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Int J Cardiol 2014; 171:272-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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20
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 opposes the effects of C-reactive protein on endothelial cell activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 385:199-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Huang YL, Qiu RF, Mai WY, Kuang J, Cai XY, Dong YG, Hu YZ, Song YB, Cai AP, Jiang ZG. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the properties of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 13:20-8. [PMID: 22205616 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on migration, proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS MSCs were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats by a combination of gradient centrifugation and cell culture techniques and treated with IGF-1 at concentrations of 5-20 ng/ml. Proliferation of MSCs was determined as the mean doubling time. Expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and migration property were determined by flow cytometry and transwell migration essay, respectively. mRNA expression of GATA-4 and collagen II was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The mean doubling time of MSC proliferation was decreased, and the expression of CXCR4 on MSCs and migration of MSCs were increased by IGF-1, all in a dose-dependent manner, while the optimal concentration of IGF-1 on proliferation and migration was different. IGF-1 did not affect the expression of GATA-4 or collagen II mRNA. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 dose-dependently stimulated the proliferation of MSCs, upregulated the expression of CXCR4, and accelerated migration. There was no apparent differentiation of MSCs to cardiomyocytes or chondrocytes after culturing with IGF-1 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-li Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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22
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Patil AS, Sable RB, Kothari RM. Role of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), their receptors and genetic regulation in the chondrogenesis and growth of the mandibular condylar cartilage. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1796-804. [PMID: 21732349 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growth of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) is reviewed as a function of genetic and epigenetic factors. The growth centers around the differential spatial concentration of the chondrocytes, influence of growth factors like TGF-β and heterogeneity in the number of IGF receptors, control the action of IGF. Besides these factors, growth of the mandibular condyle is influenced by differential response of chondrocytes as a function of their source/ageing, which in turn is regulated by TGF-β, BMPs and IGFs. While IGF-1 promotes proteoglycan synthesis and survival of the chondrocytes to maintain cartilage homeostasis, TGF-β synergistically catalysed the effect of IGF-1, while BMPs catalysed proteolysis as and when physiologically needed. To understand these processes, role of IGF-1 and its six receptors is at the center to a number of physiological processes being regulated by its mode of application for the growth and differentiation. Probing deeper, biological functions of IGFs seemed to depend on their level of free status rather than bound status to respective IGF-binding proteins (IGF-BPs), considered prerequisite to modulate their biological functions. Genetic regulation of their secretion has thrown light on their insulin-like structural homology, level and response in osteo-arthritis (OA), rheumatic arthritis (RA) and diabetes type-II. Biochemistry and spatial distribution of IGF receptors in different domains exerts control on IGF-1 activities. In ultimate analysis, IGF-axis conserved during the evolution to regulate cell growth and proliferation affect nearly every organ in the body as judged from the techniques determining skeletal maturity and decision making dependent on it for orthodontic, orthognathic/orthopedic and dental implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol S Patil
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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Schmidt HD, Shelton RC, Duman RS. Functional biomarkers of depression: diagnosis, treatment, and pathophysiology. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:2375-94. [PMID: 21814182 PMCID: PMC3194084 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous illness for which there are currently no effective methods to objectively assess severity, endophenotypes, or response to treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that circulating levels of peripheral/serum growth factors and cytokines are altered in patients with MDD, and that antidepressant treatments reverse or normalize these effects. Furthermore, there is a large body of literature demonstrating that MDD is associated with changes in endocrine and metabolic factors. Here we provide a brief overview of the evidence that peripheral growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, endocrine factors, and metabolic markers contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD and antidepressant response. Recent preclinical studies demonstrating that peripheral growth factors and cytokines influence brain function and behavior are also discussed along with their implications for diagnosing and treating patients with MDD. Together, these studies highlight the need to develop a biomarker panel for depression that aims to profile diverse peripheral factors that together provide a biological signature of MDD subtypes as well as treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Burchardt P, Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A, Zurawski J, Nowak W, Durzynska J, Link R, Grotowski T, Siminiak T. Are elevated levels of IGF-1 caused by coronary arteriesoclerosis?: Molecular and clinical analysis. Protein J 2011; 29:538-44. [PMID: 21046444 PMCID: PMC2992669 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in coronary artery disease (CAD) due to wide range of its biological effects and its therapeutic potential, has already been described. Our aim was to evaluate possible influence of IGF-1 serum level changes on coronary atherosclerosis. In case of existence of such association our further aim was to verify and explain this phenomenon by examination of promoter P1 of IGF-1gene and receptor gene for IGF-1. The study was performed in 101 consecutive patients undergo for routine coronary angiography. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of coronary atherosclerosis was performed respectively by estimation of the number of culprit lesions in coronary arteries and by Gensini score calculation. IGF-1, IGFBP3 and plasma lipoproteins were measured in all patients. In addition, we evaluated DNA from 101 patients, isolated from blood cells, which was amplified by using PCR with sophisticated primers for P1 promoter of IGF-1 gene and IGF-1 receptor gene, then analyzed utilizing SSCP technique and automatically sequenced. We observed significant increase of serum IGF-1 levels in patients with “3 vessel disease” and with high score in Gensini scale when compared to those without any narrowing lesions in coronary arteries and 0 Gensini score (in group with 3 vessel disease 215.0 ± 71.3 versuss 176.7 ± 34.2 ng/ml p = 0.04 and with high Gensini score 231.4 ± 59.3 versus 181.0 ± 37.8 ng/ml p = 0.01).We found different genotypes for five P1 promoter polymorphisms of IGF-1 gene (RS35767, RS5742612, RS228837, RS11829693, RS17879774). There were no significant associations between the observed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and coronary atherosclerosis nor with levels of circulating IGF-1. We found no structural polymorphism in receptor gene for IGF-1 nor in its extracellular domain(exon 2–4) nor in internal domain (exon 16–21). The effect of increased IGF-1 serum level in our study was probably independent from structural polymorphism in promoter P1 for IGF-1 or in receptor gene for IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Burchardt
- Division of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
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25
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Hingorani P, Kolb EA. Past, present and future of therapies in pediatric sarcomas. Future Oncol 2010; 6:605-18. [PMID: 20373872 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited progress has been made over the past 30 years in improving the outcome of patients with high-risk pediatric sarcomas. The 5-year overall survival rate remains at 20% or less with metastatic sarcomas. Therefore, current and future research is focused on the identification and development of molecular or biological agents targeting the pathogenic pathways in sarcomas, either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. To this end, the most promising activity has been seen with IGF-1 receptor antibodies and mTOR inhibitors. Other agents of interest are oncolytic viruses, epigenetic modulators (e.g., histone deacetylase inhibitors), immune modulators (e.g., muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine) and other biological agents (e.g., trabectedin). In addition to the development of novel drugs, the other major area of recent focus is developing immune therapies, such as dendritic cell vaccines and adoptive immunotherapy for treating pediatric sarcomas. This article discusses the successes, the failures and the future direction of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Hingorani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Phoenix Childrens Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ 85003, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk of heart disease increases significantly in women after menopause mostly because of estrogen deficiency. Soy protein, a good source of isoflavones that are known to bind estrogen receptors, has also been promoted as a dietary means for reducing the risk of heart disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of soy protein consumption on heart disease risk in postmenopausal women. METHODS Moderately hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to consume soy or control foods daily for 1 year. Serum samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein (Apo) A, and Apo B. Sixty-two women completed the study. RESULTS There was a trend for total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to increase after 1 year of soy protein supplementation (230.04 +/- 6.1 vs 242.57 +/- 6.2 mg/dL, P < 0.1, and 56.87 +/- 2.5 vs 60.33 +/- 2.5 mg/dL, P < 0.1, respectively). There were no significant differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglyceride levels; however, a significant increase in Apo B levels (105.5 +/- 5.9 vs 120.21 +/- 5.9 mg/dL; P = 0.002) and a significant decrease in Apo A levels (189.36 +/- 10 vs 173.21 +/- 10 mg/dL; P = 0.009) were seen. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that 1-year soy protein supplementation did not confer cardiovascular benefits, in terms of favorable alterations in the lipid profile, in this cohort of postmenopausal women. These findings, as well as those from other studies, lend credence to the decision of the Food and Drug Administration to reevaluate the soy protein health claim issued a decade ago.
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Peng X, Pentassuglia L, Sawyer DB. Emerging anticancer therapeutic targets and the cardiovascular system: is there cause for concern? Circ Res 2010; 106:1022-34. [PMID: 20360265 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.211276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The race for a cure to cancer continues, fueled by unprecedented discoveries of fundamental biology underlying carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. The expansion of the target list and tools to approach them is moving the oncology community extraordinarily rapidly to clinical trials, bringing new hope for cancer patients. This effort is also propelling biological discoveries in cardiovascular research, because many of the targets being explored in cancer play fundamental roles in the heart and vasculature. The combined efforts of cardiovascular and cancer biologists, along with clinical investigators in these fields, will be needed to understand how to safely exploit these efforts. Here, we discuss a few of the many research foci in oncology where we believe such collaboration will be particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Peng
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, PRB 359B Pierce Ave., Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Family-based association study of IGF1 microsatellites and height, weight, and body mass index. J Hum Genet 2010; 55:255-8. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2010.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barbieri M, Paolisso G, Kimura M, Gardner JP, Boccardi V, Papa M, Hjelmborg JV, Christensen K, Brimacombe M, Nawrot TS, Staessen JA, Pollak MN, Aviv A. Higher circulating levels of IGF-1 are associated with longer leukocyte telomere length in healthy subjects. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 130:771-6. [PMID: 19913048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mutations that inhibit the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) extend the lifespan of worms, flies and mice. However, it appears that relatively low circulating levels of IGF-1 in humans are associated with aging-related diseases and diminished longevity. As leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is ostensibly a biomarker of human aging, we examined the relationship between LTL and blood IGF-1 in a healthy cohort. Our sample comprised 476 healthy, unrelated Caucasians (208 men and 268 women), aged 16-104 years, living in the West Coast of Southern Italy. We measured LTL by Southern blots and IGF-1 by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Both IGF-1 and LTL diminished with age (IGF-1, r=-0.601, P<0.001; LTL, r=-0.706, P<0.001). Age-adjusted LTL was positively associated with IGF-1 level throughout the age range of the cohort (r=0.270, P<0.001). IGF-1 accounted for about 10% of the inter-individual variation in LTL over and above the effect of age. Our findings suggest that both circulating IGF-1 and LTL are indices of healthy aging in humans. Further research will be necessary to establish whether LTL will ultimately be used in clinical settings as an index of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Kerver JM, Gardiner JC, Dorgan JF, Rosen CJ, Velie EM. Dietary predictors of the insulin-like growth factor system in adolescent females: results from the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC). Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:643-50. [PMID: 20089725 PMCID: PMC2824156 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is associated with the adult diet and chronic disease. Childhood diet may influence chronic disease through its effect on the IGF system; however, there is limited information describing the dietary predictors of the IGF system in adolescents. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between dietary food intake [fat, protein (animal and vegetable), carbohydrate, lactose, dietary fiber, calcium, zinc, and sodium] and serum IGF-I, IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and the IGF-I:IGFBP-3 molar ratio in adolescent females. DESIGN One hundred fifty-nine adolescent females in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (age range: 14-18 y; 0.2-6.3 y postmenarche) were included. The dietary intake was assessed via three 24-h dietary recalls. IGF-related biomarkers were determined by using radioimmunoassays. Associations between dietary intakes and biomarkers were assessed with Pearson's correlations and multivariable linear regression. Dietary intakes and biomarkers were logarithmically transformed; thus, beta coefficients represented percentages. RESULTS In analyses adjusted for energy, age, and time since menarche, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were as follows: IGF-I with total protein, lactose, calcium, and sodium; IGFBP-3 with total fat (inverse), lactose, fiber, and calcium; IGF-I/IGFBP-3 with lactose and calcium; and IGFBP-1 with vegetable protein. In multivariable analyses, significant predictors of IGF-I were energy (beta = 0.14, P < 0.05) and calcium (beta = 0.14, P < 0.01), the significant predictor of IGFBP-3 was calcium (beta = 0.07, P < 0.05), and significant predictors of IGFBP-1 were vegetable protein (beta = 0.49, P < 0.05) and body mass index-for-age percentile (beta = -0.01, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that dietary intake affects IGF-related biomarkers-particularly elevated calcium with IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and elevated vegetable protein with IGFBP-1-and, to our knowledge, is novel in reporting these associations in adolescent females. The Dietary Intervention Study in Children was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Kerver
- Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Ma QL, Yang TL, Yin JY, Peng ZY, Yu M, Liu ZQ, Chen FP. Role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in regulating cell cycle progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 389:150-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rajpathak SN, Gunter MJ, Wylie-Rosett J, Ho GYF, Kaplan RC, Muzumdar R, Rohan TE, Strickler HD. The role of insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:3-12. [PMID: 19145587 PMCID: PMC4153414 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the possible role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis in normal glucose homoeostasis and in the etiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. IGF-I, a peptide hormone, shares amino acid sequence homology with insulin and has insulin-like activity; most notably, the promotion of glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. Type 2 diabetes as well as pre-diabetic states, including impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, are associated cross-sectionally with altered circulating levels of IGF-I and its binding proteins (IGFBPs). Administration of recombinant human IGF-I has been reported to improve insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals as well as in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Further, IGF-I may have beneficial effects on systemic inflammation, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and on pancreatic beta-cell mass and function. There is considerable inter-individual heterogeneity in endogenous levels of IGF-I and its binding proteins; however, the relationship between these variations and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes has not been extensively investigated. Large prospective studies are required to evaluate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil N. Rajpathak
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Correspondence to: Swapnil N. Rajpathak, Department of, Epidemiology and Population, Health, Albert Einstein College of, Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Gloria Y. F. Ho
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics and, Medicine, Albert Einstein College of, Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Howard D. Strickler
- Department of Epidemiology and, Population Health, Albert Einstein, College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
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Andreassen M, Raymond I, Kistorp C, Hildebrandt P, Faber J, Kristensen LØ. IGF1 as predictor of all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in an elderly population. Eur J Endocrinol 2009; 160:25-31. [PMID: 18931092 DOI: 10.1530/eje-08-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IGF1 is believed to influence ageing and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through complex mechanisms. Reduced IGF1 levels might be causally associated with conditions accompanying ageing including development of CVD. However, in animal models reduced GH-IGF1 signalling increases lifespan. Reduced IGF1 activity might also be associated with longevity in humans. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate if plasma IGF1 levels were associated with all cause mortality, and the development of chronic heart failure (CHF) and a major CV event. PATIENTS AND DESIGN A population based study of 642 individuals, aged 50-89 years. Development of CHF was evaluated in 576 individuals with normal systolic function assessed by echocardiography and without the history of CHF or myocardial infarction. Development of the first major CV event was evaluated in 504 individuals with normal systolic function and without prevalent CVD. Outcomes were ascertained after 5 years using hospital discharge diagnoses. RESULTS Adjustment for risk factors IGF1 values in the fourth quartile versus values below the fourth quartile was associated with increased mortality (n=103), hazard ratio (HR) 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.28; P=0.044). IGF1 in the fourth quartile was also independently associated with risk of development of CHF (n=19), HR 5.02 (95% CI 2.00-12.64; P=0.001) but showed no association with the overall incidence of major CV events (n=58), HR 1.05 (95% CI 0.59-1.90; P=0.861). CONCLUSIONS High IGF1 levels were independently associated with increased all cause mortality and risk of development of CHF, whereas no relation with the overall incidence of CVD was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Andreassen
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Brevetti G, Colao A, Schiano V, Pivonello R, Laurenzano E, Di Somma C, Lombardi G, Chiariello M. IGF system and peripheral arterial disease: relationship with disease severity and inflammatory status of the affected limb. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 69:894-900. [PMID: 18410545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES IGF-1 and its binding proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We designed this study to unravel the relationship of the IGF system with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). DESIGN Case-control, cross-sectional study. MEASUREMENTS Serum levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and acid labile subunit (ALS) were measured in 96 PAD patients and 89 controls. In 28 patients who underwent peripheral angiography, C-reactive protein (CRP), IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and ALS were measured in blood from femoral vein of the affected limb and aorta. RESULTS Compared to controls, PAD patients showed lower levels of IGFBP-3 (3569 +/- 115 vs. 3106 +/- 107 microg/l, P < 0.01), and ALS (12.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 8.3 +/- 0.5 mg/l, P < 0.01). In PAD, concentrations of IGFBP-3 and ALS were significantly lower in patients with ankle/brachial index less than median than in those with a less severe PAD. In the affected limb, CRP venous-arterial difference correlated negatively with that of IGF-1 (rho = -0.57, P < 0.01), and positively with that of IGFBP-3 (rho = 0.63, P < 0.01). At multivariate analysis, a high transfemoral gradient of CRP was independently associated with a low transfemoral gradient of IGF-1 (beta coefficient = -0.48, P < 0.01), and a high transfemoral gradient of IGFBP-3 (beta coefficient = 0.22, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that the systemic levels of IGF axis components are associated with the presence and severity of PAD, and that the inflammatory status of the ischaemic limb affects the transfemoral concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. Due to the importance of IGF axis in modulating atherosclerotic plaque progression, our data may contribute to a better understanding of PAD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Brevetti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular and Immunological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Aviv A. The Epidemiology of Human Telomeres: Faults and Promises. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2008; 63:979-83. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/63.9.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Hatzistergos KE, Mitsi AC, Zachariou C, Skyrlas A, Kapatou E, Agelaki MG, Fotopoulos A, Kolettis TM, Malamou-Mitsi V. Randomised comparison of growth hormone versus IGF-1 on early post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodelling in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res 2008; 18:157-165. [PMID: 17889582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 participate in post-myocardial infarction healing, but their relative importance is unclear. We compared the treatment effects of these agents on left ventricular remodelling. DESIGN Wistar rats were randomised into a single dose of either growth hormone (0.5microg, n=29), or insulin-like growth factor-1 (0.5microg, n=27), delivered by direct intramyocardial punctures, and were compared with controls (n=30). Five minutes after treatment, myocardial infarction was generated by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. Twenty-four hours post-ligation, serum levels of catecholamines were measured using radioimmunoassay and infarct size as well as infarct expansion index were calculated. The expression of genes related to extracellular matrix and angiogenesis was measured using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Infarct expansion index was lower in growth hormone-treated rats (0.28+/-0.03, p=0.007) and in insulin-like growth factor-1-treated rats (0.35+/-0.03, p=0.044) compared to controls (0.51+/-0.06). Infarct size was significantly (p=0.0076) lower in growth hormone-treated rats (32.2+/-2.0%) and marginally (p=0.094) lower in insulin-like growth factor-1-treated rats (36.2+/-2.3%) compared to controls (42.0+/-2.7%). Survival rates were comparable in the three groups. Epinephrine was lower in the growth hormone group (2.8+/-0.2microg/l) compared to either controls (5.0+/-0.6microg/l, p=0.007), or to insulin-like growth factor-1-treated rats (6.3+/-0.6microg/l, p=0.0001). Collagen I and III expression in the infarct zone was higher in the growth hormone group compared to either the insulin-like growth factor-1 group or to controls. CONCLUSIONS Both growth hormone and insulin-like-growth factor-1 decrease early infarct expansion, but growth hormone results in more favourable extracellular matrix remodelling and sympathetic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Hatzistergos
- Department of Pathology, University of Ioannina, 1 Stavrou Niarxou Avenue, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Waldo SW, Li Y, Buono C, Zhao B, Billings EM, Chang J, Kruth HS. Heterogeneity of human macrophages in culture and in atherosclerotic plaques. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:1112-26. [PMID: 18321997 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that monocytes differentiate into unique lineage-determined macrophage subpopulations in response to the local cytokine environment. The present study evaluated the atherogenic potential of two divergent lineage-determined human monocyte-derived macrophage subpopulations. Monocytes were differentiated for 7 days in the presence of alternative macrophage development cytokines: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to produce granulocyte-macrophage-CSF macrophages (GM-Mac), or macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to produce M-Mac. Gene chip analyses of three monocyte donors demonstrated differential expression of inflammatory and cholesterol homeostasis genes in the macrophage subpopulations. Quantitative PCR confirmed a fivefold elevation in the expression of genes that promote reverse cholesterol transport (PPAR-gamma, LXR-alpha, and ABCG1) and macrophage emigration from lesions (CCR7) in GM-Mac compared to that in M-Mac. Immunocytochemistry confirmed enhanced expression of the proinflammatory marker CD14 in M-Mac relative to GM-Mac. M-Mac spontaneously accumulated cholesterol when incubated with unmodified low-density lipoprotein whereas GM-Mac only accumulated similar levels of cholesterol after protein kinase C activation. Immunostained human coronary arteries showed that macrophages with similar antigen expression to that of M-Mac (CD68(+)/CD14(+)) were predominant within atherosclerotic lesions whereas macrophages with antigen expression similar to GM-Mac (CD68(+)/CD14(-)) were predominant in areas devoid of disease. The identification of macrophage subpopulations with different gene expression patterns and, thus, different potentials for promoting atherosclerosis has important experimental and clinical implications and could prove to be a valuable finding in developing therapeutic interventions in diseases dependent on macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Waldo
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1422, USA
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Méndez-Sánchez N, Zamora-Valdés D, Flores-Rangel JA, Pérez-Sosa JA, Vásquez-Fernández F, Lezama-Mora JI, Vázquez-Elizondo G, Ponciano-Rodríguez G, Ramos MH, Uribe M. Gallstones are associated with carotid atherosclerosis. Liver Int 2008; 28:402-6. [PMID: 18069975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Gallstone disease (GD) and cardiovascular disease (CD) are common diseases worldwide with considerable economical impact and they are strongly associated. Carotid atherosclerosis is an excellent marker of risk for CD like stroke and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to assess the association between gallstones and carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. We evaluated subjects with ultrasonographical evidence of GD and asymptomatic subjects without such evidence. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical variables were collected. The Metabolic syndrome was evaluated using adult treatment panel III criteria. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) was determined by a standard ultrasound protocol. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) serum levels were measured in all subjects. RESULTS We studied 191 subjects: 62 subjects with GD (53.2% males) and 129 asymptomatic subjects without GD (65.9% males). Subjects with GD exhibited a higher body mass index, body fat percent, insulin serum levels and CIMT (P<0.05 for all). The prevalence of GD was higher in subjects with a CIMT>0.75 independently of other factors [odds ratio (OR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-4.34; P=0.039], and for every 0.1 mm increase in CIMT the independent probability to be a case of GD increased by a factor of 1.25 (95% CI 1.02-1.53; P=0.027). IGF-1 levels did not differ among groups. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with GD exhibit greater carotid atherosclerosis, and therefore have a higher risk for stroke and myocardial infarction.
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Chia VM, Newcomb PA, White E, Zheng Y, Potter JD, Lampe JW. Reproducibility of serum leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 measurements. HORMONE RESEARCH 2008; 69:295-300. [PMID: 18259109 DOI: 10.1159/000114861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many epidemiologic studies examine the effects of single measurements of hormones, including those related to obesity such as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) or leptin, on disease associations; however, few studies have determined whether these single values accurately reflect measurements over time. METHODS We examined the reproducibility of hormones associated with obesity, specifically leptin, IGF-I, and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Two fasting blood samples, approximately four months apart, were collected from 38 participants from the Seattle metropolitan area; leptin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 concentrations were measured in previously unthawed serum samples. Unadjusted and adjusted intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess reproducibility. RESULTS Adjusting for age and sex, the ICCs for leptin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 were 0.73, 0.83 and 0.60, respectively. Weighted kappas yielded similar results. CONCLUSION These data suggest that for leptin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3, a single fasting serum measurement can fairly reliably reflect the hormonal milieu over periods of months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Chia
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Wash. 98109, USA
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Akanji AO, Suresh CG, Al-Radwan R, Fatania HR. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 levels in Arab subjects with coronary heart disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2007; 67:553-9. [PMID: 17763192 DOI: 10.1080/00365510601173153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II) and their binding protein (IGFBP-3) may be risk markers for coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to assess the levels and determinants of the serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 in Arab patients with established CHD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two groups of subjects were matched for age, gender, BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR): (i) CHD (n = 105), median age 51.0 (range 40.0-60.0) years; (ii) controls (n = 97) aged 49.0 (range 37.0-60.0) years. We measured fasting serum levels of glucose and lipoproteins (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, apo B), insulin, HOMA-IR, IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 and compared the results between groups. The effects of body mass and the metabolic syndrome (MS) on IGF levels were also examined, and linear correlations were sought between the various parameters. RESULTS The levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 were significantly lower (all p<0.01) for the CHD group than for the control group. These differences were not influenced by BMI or with the presence of MS. In CHD, there were no significant correlations between levels of IGF-I and IGF-II and age, BMI, WHR, lipoprotein concentrations and insulin sensitivity, although IGFBP-3 had weakly significant relationships with some of the lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS Levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP3 are reduced in male Arab patients with CHD, and did not appear influenced by traditional CHD risk factors such as age, BMI, insulin sensitivity and presence of MS. Perturbations in the IGF/IGFBP-3 axis may be potential additional targets for pharmacological manipulation in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Akanji
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
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Sukhanov S, Higashi Y, Shai SY, Vaughn C, Mohler J, Li Y, Song YH, Titterington J, Delafontaine P. IGF-1 reduces inflammatory responses, suppresses oxidative stress, and decreases atherosclerosis progression in ApoE-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:2684-90. [PMID: 17916769 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.156257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whereas growth factors, via their ability to stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, have been thought to play a permissive role in atherosclerosis initiation and progression, the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is unknown. Here we report for the first time that IGF-1 infusion decreased atherosclerotic plaque progression in ApoE-deficient mice on a Western diet. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-null mice (8 weeks) were infused with vehicle or recombinant human IGF-1 and fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Analysis of aortic sinuses revealed that IGF-1 infusion decreased atherosclerotic plaque progression and macrophage infiltration into lesions. Furthermore, IGF-1 decreased vascular expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, reduced aortic superoxide formation and urinary 8-isoprostane levels, and increased aortic pAkt and eNOS expression and circulating endothelial progenitor cells, consistent with an antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and prorepair effect on the vasculature. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that an increase in circulating IGF-1 reduces vascular inflammatory responses, systemic and vascular oxidant stress and decreases atherosclerotic plaque progression. These findings have major implications for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Sukhanov
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, SL-48, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Kaplan RC, McGinn AP, Pollak MN, Kuller LH, Strickler HD, Rohan TE, Cappola AR, Xue X, Psaty BM. Association of total insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 levels with incident coronary events and ischemic stroke. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:1319-25. [PMID: 17264182 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prior observational studies have demonstrated that the GH/IGF axis is associated with cardiovascular disease. However, this association has not been extensively studied among older adults. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the association between levels of total IGF-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3) and risk of incident coronary events and ischemic stroke. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A case-cohort analysis was conducted among adults 65 yr and older in the Cardiovascular Health Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A total of 534 coronary events [316 nonfatal myocardial infarctions (MIs), 48 fatal MIs, and 170 fatal coronary heart disease events] and 370 ischemic strokes were identified on follow-up. Comparison subjects were 1122 randomly selected participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study. RESULTS Mean follow-up time was 6.7 yr for coronary events, 5.6 yr for strokes, and 9.3 yr for comparison subjects. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) associated with baseline levels of total IGF-I and IGFBPs were estimated using multivariate adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Neither IGF-I nor IGFBP-1 levels predicted risk of incident coronary events or stroke. IGFBP-3 had an inverse association with risk of coronary events [adjusted hazard ratio per sd=0.88 (0.78-1.00), P=0.05] but was not associated with stroke. Exploratory analyses suggested that low IGF-I and low IGFBP-3 levels were significantly associated with higher risk of nonfatal MI (P<0.05) but not with risk of fatal MI or fatal coronary heart disease. CONCLUSION Circulating levels of total IGF-I or IGFBP-1 were not associated with risk of total coronary events or ischemic stroke among older adults, whereas low IGFBP-3 level was associated with increased risk of incident coronary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA, and Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Research Institute of Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Norat T, Dossus L, Rinaldi S, Overvad K, Grønbaek H, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Boeing H, Lahmann PH, Linseisen J, Nagel G, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Kalapothaki V, Sieri S, Palli D, Panico S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PHM, van Gils CH, Agudo A, Amiano P, Ardanoz E, Martinez C, Quirós R, Tormo MJ, Bingham S, Key TJ, Allen NE, Ferrari P, Slimani N, Riboli E, Kaaks R. Diet, serum insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in European women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 61:91-8. [PMID: 16900085 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of diet with serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 in women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS The population are 2109 women who were control subjects in a case-control study of breast cancer nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Control subjects were randomly chosen among risk sets consisting of female cohort members alive and free of cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer) at the time of diagnosis of the index case. Matching criteria were age at enrolment, follow-up time, time of the day of blood collection and study centre. Diet was measured through validated questionnaires. Serum hormone concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The relationship between serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and intake of nutrients and foods was explored by linear regression in models adjusted for energy intake, age, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, centre and laboratory batch. RESULTS Serum IGF-I levels were positively related to protein intake (P(trend)<0.001), but not related to energy, fat or carbohydrate intake. Positive relationships were observed with the intake of milk (P(trend)=0.007), calcium (P(trend)<0.001), magnesium (P(trend)=0.003), phosphorus (P(trend)<0.001), potassium (P(trend)=0.002), vitamin B6 (P(trend)=0.03), vitamin B2 (P(trend)=0.001) and inverse relationships with vegetables (P(trend)=0.02) and beta-carotene (P(trend)=0.02). IGFBP-3 was not related with most of the nutrients and foods in this study. CONCLUSIONS In this population, circulating IGF-I is modestly related with the intake of protein and minerals, and with milk and cheese, while IGFBP-3 does not appear to be related with diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Norat
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Harris TG, Strickler HD, Yu H, Pollak MN, Monrad ES, Travin MI, Xue X, Rohan TE, Kaplan RC. Specimen processing time and measurement of total insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), free IGF-I, and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Growth Horm IGF Res 2006; 16:86-92. [PMID: 16530441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2006.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 01/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of epidemiologic studies are investigating the relationship between serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases. However, little is known regarding the effects of blood specimen processing time on measured levels of total and free IGF-I, and on IGFBP-3, the major binding protein. DESIGN Two serum separation tubes were collected from each of 12 subjects. One tube was centrifuged as soon as possible following blood collection (a mean of 47 min; range=30-80 min), and serum aliquots were placed into -70 degrees C storage either shortly after centrifugation, or following 2, 4, 10, or 24 h at ambient temperature (measured from the time of blood draw). The second serum separation tube was maintained at ambient temperature for 24h before centrifugation and freezing. Total IGF-I, free IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 levels were determined using commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) commonly employed in epidemiologic studies. The effects of time until centrifugation and freezing on seroassay results were evaluated using generalized estimating equation (GEE) linear regression models and Spearman correlation. RESULTS Total IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels did not vary significantly with the amount of time at ambient temperature following centrifugation, even up to 24 h, in blood specimens that were centrifuged soon after collection (all pchi2). However, free IGF-I levels increased significantly with increasing time intervals between centrifugation and freezing in these same specimens (ptrend <0.001). Total IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio, a crude measure of free IGF-I levels, showed no clear association. In blood specimens that were not centrifuged for 24h, total IGF-I, free IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 were each significantly elevated (each pchi2) compared with results in blood specimens that were centrifuged and frozen soon after collection, whereas the total IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio was decreased pchi2. Nonetheless, all total IGF-I, free IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and total IGF-I/IGBFBP-3 molar ratio values altered by delays in processing were highly correlated with the values in specimens processed as soon as possible (all Spearman rank correlation coefficients 0.84). CONCLUSIONS Total IGF-I and IGFBP-3 can be fairly stably measured in serum with commonly used commercial assays regardless of the interval between blood collection and freezing, up to at least 24 h, as long as centrifugation and serum aliquoting take place shortly after blood collection. Free IGF-I levels, however, increase steadily with the time interval until freezing, even if serum separation has been completed soon after blood collection. Because the altered serum values are highly correlated with the referent values, analysis of total IGF-I, free IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and total IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio data by quartile might help mitigate concerns regarding the effects of delays in processing time.
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Abstract
Many current drugs increase the average lifespan by preventing fatal diseases or by slowing down the progressive degenerative diseases that increase mortality. The existing strategies and guidelines for the development and regulatory approval of new drugs are designed for such compounds. Rapid advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of aging make it possible to envisage future drugs that extend the lifespan by regulating aging mechanism outside of disease pathways. Strategies for development and regulatory approval of such drugs remain to be defined. Since the drug candidates will be given to healthy, elderly subjects, safety requirements will be extremely high. Clinical studies of many years' duration will be necessary to prove changes in longevity. These time intervals may exceed those of patent protection and thus minimize commercial incentives. Despite these challenges, two broadly defined pathways are feasible. First, it may be possible to obtain public funding for studies with voluntary participation of humans consuming existing drugs or natural compounds in the 'expected to be safe' category. Second, the development of novel drugs may proceed on the basis of well-defined biomarkers of aging that can serve as surrogate end points in clinical studies. The emerging approaches will prompt the regulatory agencies into taking the first steps towards regulatory guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz F Hefti
- Rinat Neuroscience Corporation, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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Everitt AV, Hilmer SN, Brand-Miller JC, Jamieson HA, Truswell AS, Sharma AP, Mason RS, Morris BJ, Le Couteur DG. Dietary approaches that delay age-related diseases. Clin Interv Aging 2006; 1:11-31. [PMID: 18047254 PMCID: PMC2682451 DOI: 10.2147/ciia.2006.1.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing food intake in lower animals such as the rat decreases body weight, retards many aging processes, delays the onset of most diseases of old age, and prolongs life. A number of clinical trials of food restriction in healthy adult human subjects running over 2-15 years show significant reductions in body weight, blood cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure, which are risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Lifestyle interventions that lower energy balance by reducing body weight such as physical exercise can also delay the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In general, clinical trials are suggesting that diets high in calories or fat along with overweight are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and dementia. There is a growing literature indicating that specific dietary constituents are able to influence the development of age-related diseases, including certain fats (trans fatty acids, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats) and cholesterol for cardiovascular disease, glycemic index and fiber for diabetes, fruits and vegetables for cardiovascular disease, and calcium and vitamin D for osteoporosis and bone fracture. In addition, there are dietary compounds from different functional foods, herbs, and neutraceuticals such as ginseng, nuts, grains, and polyphenols that may affect the development of age-related diseases. Long-term prospective clinical trials will be needed to confirm these diet-disease relationships. On the basis of current research, the best diet to delay age-related disease onset is one low in calories and saturated fat and high in wholegrain cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables, and which maintains a lean body weight. Such a diet should become a key component of healthy aging, delaying age-related diseases and perhaps intervening in the aging process itself. Furthermore, there are studies suggesting that nutrition in childhood and even in the fetus may influence the later development of aging diseases and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur V Everitt
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and Anzac Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.
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