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Hyvärinen M, Karvanen J, Karppinen JE, Karavirta L, Juppi HK, Tammelin TH, Kovanen V, Laukkanen J, Aukee P, Sipilä S, Rantalainen T, Laakkonen EK. The role of cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in the association between physical activity and menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2024; 31:828-836. [PMID: 39042026 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to conduct exploratory analyses on the role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition in the association between physical activity and menopausal symptoms. METHODS This was a cross-sectional (N = 298) study of women aged 51-59 years including a subsample of 82 women followed for 4 years. The severity of menopausal symptoms was assessed with the Menopause Rating Scale in total symptoms as well as using the somato-vegetative, psychological, and urogenital subscales. Physical activity was assessed with accelerometers and self-reports, body composition with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and CRF with a custom-made prediction model based on the six-minute walking distance and spiroergometry. The associations of interest were studied using unstandardized regression coefficients derived from multiple linear regression models with the severity of menopausal symptoms as the outcome. RESULTS Higher total body and fat mass (kg) were associated with more severe total symptoms (B = 0.06 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.12] and 0.07 [0.01 to 0.14], respectively) as well as somato-vegetative (0.03 [0.01 to 0.05]; 0.04 [0.01 to 0.06]) and psychological symptoms (0.03 [0.00 to 0.05]; 0.03 [0.00 to 0.06]) in cross-sectional design. Total and lean body mass interacted with physical activity in total and psychological symptoms with stronger indirect associations being observed in participants with lower total and lean body mass. CRF was not associated with menopausal symptoms and did not interact with physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining a healthy weight is associated with less severe menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. The association between physical activity and the severity of menopausal symptoms varied based on the differences in total and lean body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Hyvärinen
- From the Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha Karvanen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari E Karppinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Laura Karavirta
- From the Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanna-Kaarina Juppi
- From the Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Pauliina Aukee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wellbeing services county of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- From the Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- From the Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- From the Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Qian J, Sun S, Wang M, Sun Y, Sun X, Jevitt C, Yu X. The effect of exercise intervention on improving sleep in menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1092294. [PMID: 37181372 PMCID: PMC10167708 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1092294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disturbance is common in menopausal women and negatively affects their quality of life and could cause increased risks of other menopause-related diseases. Objective This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence regarding the effects of exercise interventions on improving sleep in menopausal women. Methods A comprehensive search in seven electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed on June 3, 2022. The systematic review included seventeen trials, ten of which provided data for the meta-analysis. The effects on outcomes were presented as mean differences (MDs) or standard mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used in quality assessment. Results The results suggest that exercise intervention significantly reduces insomnia severity (SMD = -0.91, 95% CI = -1.45 to -0.36, Z = 3.27, P = 0.001) and alleviates sleep problems (MD = -0.09, 95% CI = -0.17 to -0.01, Z = 2.20, P = 0.03). For sleep quality, the results showed that insignificant differences were found between the exercise intervention and the control groups (MD = -0.93, 95% CI = -2.73 to 0.87, Z = 1.01, P = 0.31). The results of the subgroup analysis indicated that more apparent effects of exercise intervention were found among women with sleep disorders than among women without sleep disorders. Which exercise intervention duration was more beneficial to sleep outcomes could not be judged. Overall, there was a moderate risk of bias in the primary studies. Conclusion According to this meta-analysis, exercise interventions can be recommended for menopausal women to improve their sleep. High-quality RCTs applying different types of exercise (e.g., walking, yoga, meditative exercise and so on) with different intervention durations as well as subjective and objective sleep assessment are warranted. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022342277, identifier: CRD42022342277.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Qian
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shiwen Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cecilia Jevitt
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Witkowski S, Evard R, Rickson JJ, White Q, Sievert LL. Physical activity and exercise for hot flashes: trigger or treatment? Menopause 2023; 30:218-224. [PMID: 36696647 PMCID: PMC9886316 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVE Hot flashes (HFs) are a prevalent feature of menopause. Hot flashes can be bothersome and affect quality of life. However, HFs have also been associated with the risk for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, providing current evidence on the effect of therapies to reduce HFs can help patients and providers with decision making. This review provides details on the scientific evidence to date related to the effect of physical activity (PA) and exercise to alter the HF experience in women. METHODS The PubMed database was searched between June 2020 and June 2022 for currently available evidence regarding the relation between PA and exercise and HFs. Our analysis included randomized control trials on exercise training, epidemiological studies, and studies evaluating acute exercise on the self-reported and objectively measured HF experience in addition to systematic reviews on the topic published as of June 2022. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The majority of evidence from randomized control trials indicates that aerobic and resistance exercise training lead to a decrease in subjectively experienced HFs. The limited available studies on acute exercise indicate that a bout of moderate-intensity exercise may decrease objectively measured and self-reported HFs but acute increases in PA intensity above accustomed levels may influence subjective HF experience. Some evidence suggests that for those with depression, habitual PA may be an effective way to reduce HF symptoms. Weighing the available evidence, for people who experience HFs, engaging in regular moderate-intensity PA, including aerobic and resistance exercise, may be an effective therapy to reduce HFs and women should be counseled on the benefits of regular, moderate exercise. However, significant gaps in knowledge remain about the optimal exercise prescription, effectiveness for a diverse population, meaning of differences between objective and subjective experience, and mechanisms that lead to changes in HFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Witkowski
- Department of Exercise & Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA
| | - Rose Evard
- Department of Exercise & Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA
| | | | - Quinn White
- Department of Exercise & Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA
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Liu T, Chen S, Mielke GI, McCarthy AL, Bailey TG. Effects of exercise on vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Climacteric 2022; 25:552-561. [PMID: 35904028 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2097865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The frequency and severity of menopausal vasomotor symptoms negatively impact quality of life. This systematic review evaluates the potential of exercise to relieve the subjective frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms. We searched four databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of structured exercise (e.g. aerobic training) on the severity and/or frequency of vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women. Two reviewers independently screened records for eligibility, extracted data and assessed risks of bias and evidence certainty using the Cochrane tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). When suitable, data were pooled using random-effect meta-analyses. We appraised 21 RCTs involving 2884 participants. Compared to no-treatment control, exercise significantly improved severity of vasomotor symptoms (10 studies, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04 to 0.47, p = 0.02, very low certainty of evidence); the effect size was attenuated when studies with a high risk of bias were excluded (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.26, p = 0.13). No significant changes in vasomotor frequency were found between exercise and control (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.31, p = 0.12, high certainty of evidence). In conclusion, exercise might improve vasomotor symptom severity. Future rigorous RCTs addressing the limitations of current review are warranted to explore the optimal exercise prescription principles to target the severity of vasomotor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liu
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - S Chen
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - G I Mielke
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A L McCarthy
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - T G Bailey
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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D'souza CJ, Haripriya S, Krishna HS. The association between physical activity and menopause-related quality of life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2020.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/aims Menopause can cause drastic changes that trigger severe symptoms in women and, in turn, influence their quality of life. Many women no longer prefer hormone replacement therapy because of its potential adverse effects. Hence, it is crucial to establish alternate interventions to alleviate menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between quality of life and level of physical activity in menopausal women. Methods A total of 260 postmenopausal women were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The Menopause Rating Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form were used to assess quality of life and physical activity respectively. Results Women with higher levels of physical activity had fewer total menopausal, somato-vegetative and psychological symptoms (P<0.001); no differences were found in vasomotor and urogenital symptoms. Conclusions Women with low physical activity levels presented with greater menopausal symptoms. Regular physical activity can be recommended to alleviate symptoms following menopause, thereby improving quality of life.
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Can walking exercise programs improve health for women in menopause transition and postmenopausal? Findings from a scoping review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:952-963. [PMID: 32404793 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to explore the range and characteristics of published papers on therapeutic walking programs for menopausal women and to identify program features that resulted in successful outcomes including reduced symptoms and improved long-term wellness. METHODS We searched biomedical and exercise-related databases for articles published up to June 1, 2017, using keywords related to menopause and walking. Data were collected into EndNote X8 reference manager to identify and remove duplicates. The final selection included all articles that studied walking as a health intervention for women in menopause transition or postmenopausal. RESULTS A total of 3,244 papers were collected from the six databases. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 96 articles were charted, including 77 different walking programs. Walking interventions ranged from 4 weeks to 3 years with an average weekly frequency of 3.8 ± 1.8 and were applied to a variety of symptoms and their biological markers and risk factors. Overall, 91% of the programs showed a beneficial outcome in at least one menopause-related medical issue. Information on menopause-specific symptoms, especially vasomotor symptoms and sleep problems, was scarce. CONCLUSION The scoping review highlights the growing interest in walking programs as therapies for menopause and related symptoms and provides evidence of their possible benefit as a wellness option for women in menopause and beyond. Further research would be recommended to establish the therapeutic value of walking programs for women with specific focus on typical menopause symptoms at different stages of menopause. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A587.
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Rashidy-Pour A, Bavarsad K, Miladi-Gorji H, Seraj Z, Vafaei AA. Voluntary exercise and estradiol reverse ovariectomy-induced spatial learning and memory deficits and reduction in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 187:172819. [PMID: 31697961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidences have demonstrated the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive functions such as learning and memory. It is well established that female sex hormones have an important role in regulating learning and memory. This study was designed to investigate the effects of voluntary exercise and estrogen replacement on learning and memory deficits and reduction in hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels induced by ovariectomy. Ovariectomized rats were given daily vehicle or 17 β-estradiol (20 μg/kg) and allowed to freely exercise in a running wheel over the course of 2 weeks. After this period, they were trained and tested on a water-maze spatial task for 5 consecutive days, followed by a probe test one day later. At the end of the behavioral tests, all animals were decapitated and their hippocampal levels of BDNF were measured. Ovariectomy impaired spatial learning and memory and reduced hippocampal BDNF levels. Exercise significantly improved performance during both training and the retention of the water-maze task and increased hippocampal BDNF. Exercise, 17 β-estradiol and their combination recovered the impairing effects of ovariectomy on learning and memory performance. The combined treatment did not produce stronger effect than either exercise or 17 β-estradiol alone. Our findings provide an important evidence about positive influences of regular exercise and estrogen treatment against cognitive and BDNF deficits induced in ovariectomized rats, an experimental model of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bavarsad
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Miladi-Gorji
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Seraj
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Asgari P, Bahramnezhad F, Narenji F, Askari M, Shiri M. Comparison of the Effects of Licorice and Aerobic Exercise on the Quality of Life of Postmenopausal Women. JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/hnmj.28.3.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Sedentary lifestyle in middle-aged women is associated with severe menopausal symptoms and obesity. Menopause 2018; 23:488-93. [PMID: 26818013 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between sedentary lifestyle and the severity of menopausal symptoms and obesity in middle-aged women. METHODS The Menopause Rating Scale, the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Athens Insomnia Scale were administered to 6,079 Latin American women aged 40 to 59 years. Sedentary lifestyle was defined as fewer than three weekly, 30-minute periods of physical activity. RESULTS Sedentary women had more severe menopausal symptoms (total Menopause Rating Scale score: 9.57 ± 6.71 vs 8.01 ± 6.27 points, P < 0.0001) and more depressive symptoms (Goldberg), anxiety (Goldberg), and insomnia (Athens Scale) compared with non-sedentary women. They also had greater mean waist circumference (86.2 ± 12.3 vs 84.3 ± 1.8 cm, P < 0.0001) and a higher prevalence of obesity (20.9% vs 14.3%, P < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis showed that both obesity (odds ratio [OR] 1.52; 95% CI, 1.32-1.76) and severe menopausal symptoms (OR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.53), including insomnia and depressive mood, were positively associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Having a stable partner (OR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.96), using hormone therapy (OR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64-0.87) and having a higher educational level (OR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.60-0.74) were negatively related to sedentary lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of sedentary lifestyle in this middle-aged Latin American female sample which was associated with more severe menopausal symptoms and obesity.
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Denlinger CS, Sanft T, Baker KS, Baxi S, Broderick G, Demark-Wahnefried W, Friedman DL, Goldman M, Hudson M, Khakpour N, King A, Koura D, Kvale E, Lally RM, Langbaum TS, Melisko M, Montoya JG, Mooney K, Moslehi JJ, O'Connor T, Overholser L, Paskett ED, Peppercorn J, Rodriguez MA, Ruddy KJ, Silverman P, Smith S, Syrjala KL, Tevaarwerk A, Urba SG, Wakabayashi MT, Zee P, Freedman-Cass DA, McMillian NR. Survivorship, Version 2.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2017; 15:1140-1163. [PMID: 28874599 PMCID: PMC5865602 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2017.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer survivors experience menopausal symptoms, including female survivors taking aromatase inhibitors or with a history of oophorectomy or chemotherapy, and male survivors who received or are receiving androgen-ablative therapies. Sexual dysfunction is also common in cancer survivors. Sexual dysfunction and menopause-related symptoms can increase distress and have a significant negative impact on quality of life. This portion of the NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship provide recommendations for screening, evaluation, and treatment of sexual dysfunction and menopausal symptoms to help healthcare professionals who work with survivors of adult-onset cancer in the posttreatment period.
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Cheon S. Hippocampus-dependent Task Improves the Cognitive Function after Ovariectomy in Rats. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017; 8:227-234. [PMID: 28781946 PMCID: PMC5525566 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Estrogen is an important hormone for cell growth, development, and differentiation by transcriptional regulation and modulation of intracellular signaling via second messengers. The reduction in the estrogen level after ovariectomy may lead to cognitive impairments associated with morphological changes in areas of the brain mediate memory. The aim of the present study was to find out the effect of tasks on the cognitive function after ovariectomy in rats. Methods The animals used in the experiment were 50 Sprague-Dawley female rats. This study applied a hippocampus-independent task (wheel running) and a hippocampus-dependent task (Morris water maze) after ovariectomy in rats and measured the cognitive performance (object-recognition and object-location test) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) expression in the hippocampus, which is an important center for memory and learning. Results There were meaningful differences between the hippocampus-independent and hippocampus-dependent task groups for the object-location test and GAP-43 and NT-3 expression in the hippocampus, but not the object-recognition test. However, the hippocampus-independent task group showed a significant improvement in the object-recognition test, compared to the control group. Conclusion These results suggest that hippocampus-dependent task training after ovariectomy enhances the hippocampus-related memory and cognitive function that are associated with morphological and functional changes in the cells of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhee Cheon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Korea
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12
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Alkadhi KA. Exercise as a Positive Modulator of Brain Function. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3112-3130. [PMID: 28466271 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Various forms of exercise have been shown to prevent, restore, or ameliorate a variety of brain disorders including dementias, Parkinson's disease, chronic stress, thyroid disorders, and sleep deprivation, some of which are discussed here. In this review, the effects on brain function of various forms of exercise and exercise mimetics in humans and animal experiments are compared and discussed. Possible mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise including the role of neurotrophic factors and others are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A Alkadhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Buchanan DT, Landis CA, Hohensee C, Guthrie KA, Otte JL, Paudel M, Anderson GL, Caan B, Freeman EW, Joffe H, LaCroix AZ, Newton KM, Reed SD, Ensrud KE. Effects of Yoga and Aerobic Exercise on Actigraphic Sleep Parameters in Menopausal Women with Hot Flashes. J Clin Sleep Med 2017; 13:11-18. [PMID: 27707450 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine effects of yoga and aerobic exercise compared with usual activity on objective assessments of sleep in midlife women. METHODS Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial in the Menopause Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health (MsFLASH) network conducted among 186 late transition and postmenopausal women aged 40-62 y with hot flashes. Women were randomized to 12 w of yoga, supervised aerobic exercise, or usual activity. The mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of change in actigraph sleep measures from each intervention group were compared to the usual activity group using linear regression models. RESULTS Baseline values of the primary sleep measures for the entire sample were mean total sleep time (TST) = 407.5 ± 56.7 min; mean wake after sleep onset (WASO) = 54.6 ± 21.8 min; mean CV for WASO = 37.7 ± 18.7 and mean CV for number of long awakenings > 5 min = 81.5 ± 46.9. Changes in the actigraphic sleep outcomes from baseline to weeks 11-12 were small, and none differed between groups. In an exploratory analysis, women with baseline Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index higher than 8 had significantly reduced TST-CV following yoga compared with usual activity. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the currently scant literature on objective sleep outcomes from yoga and aerobic exercise interventions for this population. Although small effects on self-reported sleep quality were previously reported, the interventions had no statistically significant effects on actigraph measures, except for potentially improved sleep stability with yoga in women with poor self-reported sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Taibi Buchanan
- Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Carol A Landis
- Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Chancellor Hohensee
- MsFLASH Data Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Katherine A Guthrie
- MsFLASH Data Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Julie L Otte
- Science of Nursing Care, School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Misti Paudel
- National Opinion Research Center, University of Chicago, Health Care Department, Bethesda, MD
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- MsFLASH Data Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Bette Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Program of Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Ellen W Freeman
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hadine Joffe
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Susan D Reed
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kristine E Ensrud
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Department of Medicine, VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
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Sievert LL, Begum K, Sharmeen T, Murphy L, Whitcomb BW, Chowdhury O, Muttukrishna S, Bentley GR. Hot flash report and measurement among Bangladeshi migrants, their London neighbors, and their community of origin. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:620-633. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. L. Sievert
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherst Massachusetts
| | - K. Begum
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity College LondonLondon United Kingdom
| | - T. Sharmeen
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity College LondonLondon United Kingdom
| | - L. Murphy
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherst Massachusetts
| | - B. W. Whitcomb
- School of Public HealthUniversity of MassachusettsAmherst Massachusetts
| | | | - S. Muttukrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity College CorkCork Ireland
| | - G. R. Bentley
- Department of AnthropologyDurham UniversityDurham United Kingdom
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Kai Y, Nagamatsu T, Kitabatake Y, Sensui H. Effects of stretching on menopausal and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2016; 23:827-32. [PMID: 27300113 PMCID: PMC4961267 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise may help alleviate menopausal and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women, but sufficient evidence does not currently exist to fully support this theory. Whereas frequent moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise may be associated with the risk of menopausal hot flashes, light-intensity exercise, such as stretching, is not likely to increase the occurrence of hot flashes. Little is, however, known about the effects of light-intensity exercise on menopausal and depressive symptoms. We examined the effects of a 3-week stretching program on the menopausal and depressive symptoms in middle-aged, Japanese women. METHODS Forty Japanese women, aged 40 to 61 years, were recruited (mean age, 51.1 ± 7.3 y). The participants were randomly assigned to either a stretching or a control group. The stretching group (n = 20) participated in a 3-week intervention program that involved 10 minutes of daily stretching, just before bedtime. The control group (n = 20) was assigned to a waiting list. Menopausal symptoms were evaluated using the Simplified Menopausal Index, which measures vasomotor, psychological, and somatic symptoms. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Self-Rating Depression Scale. RESULTS The compliance rate was 75.8% during the 3-week intervention program. The total Simplified Menopausal Index scores, including the vasomotor, psychological, and somatic symptoms, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale scores significantly decreased in the stretching group compared with that in the control group. No adverse events, including increased hot flashes, were reported by the participants during the study period. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that 10 minutes of stretching before bedtime decreases menopausal and depressive symptoms in middle-aged, Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kai
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nagamatsu
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroomi Sensui
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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17
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Mansikkamäki K, Nygård CH, Raitanen J, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Tomás E, Rutanen R, Luoto R. Hot flushes among aging women: A 4-year follow-up study to a randomised controlled exercise trial. Maturitas 2016; 88:84-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Conti FF, Brito JDO, Bernardes N, Dias DDS, Malfitano C, Morris M, Llesuy SF, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Positive effect of combined exercise training in a model of metabolic syndrome and menopause: autonomic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress evaluations. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1532-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00076.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is now well established that after menopause cardiometabolic disorders become more common. Recently, resistance exercise has been recommended as a complement to aerobic (combined training, CT) for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CT in hypertensive ovariectomized rats undergoing fructose overload in blood pressure variability (BPV), inflammation, and oxidative stress parameters. Female rats were divided into the following groups ( n = 8/group): sedentary normotensive Wistar rats (C), and sedentary (FHO) or trained (FHOT) ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats undergoing and fructose overload. CT was performed on a treadmill and ladder adapted to rats in alternate days (8 wk; 40–60% maximal capacity). Arterial pressure (AP) was directly measured. Oxidative stress and inflammation were measured on cardiac and renal tissues. The association of risk factors (hypertension + ovariectomy + fructose) promoted increase in insulin resistance, mean AP (FHO: 174 ± 4 vs. C: 108 ± 1 mmHg), heart rate (FHO: 403 ± 12 vs. C: 352 ± 11 beats/min), BPV, cardiac inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α-FHO: 65.8 ± 9.9 vs. C: 23.3 ± 4.3 pg/mg protein), and oxidative stress cardiac and renal tissues. However, CT was able to reduce mean AP (FHOT: 158 ± 4 mmHg), heart rate (FHOT: 303 ± 5 beats/min), insulin resistance, and sympathetic modulation. Moreover, the trained rats presented increased nitric oxide bioavailability, reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (FHOT: 33.1 ± 4.9 pg/mg protein), increased IL-10 in cardiac tissue and reduced lipoperoxidation, and increased antioxidant defenses in cardiac and renal tissues. In conclusion, the association of risk factors promoted an additional impairment in metabolic, cardiovascular, autonomic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters and combined exercise training was able to attenuate these dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Fernandes Conti
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalia Bernardes
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane Malfitano
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Morris
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida; and
| | - Susana Francisca Llesuy
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida; and
| | - Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
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Ennour-Idrissi K, Maunsell E, Diorio C. Effect of physical activity on sex hormones in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:139. [PMID: 26541144 PMCID: PMC4635995 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to high levels of endogenous estrogens is a main risk factor for breast cancer in women, and in observational studies was found to be inversely associated with physical activity. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of physical activity interventions on sex hormone levels in healthy women. METHODS Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL), from inception to December 2014, and reference lists of relevant reviews and clinical trials were searched, with no language restrictions applied. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they compared any type of exercise intervention to no intervention or other interventions, and assessed the effects on estrogens, androgens or the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in cancer-free women. Following the method described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, data on populations, interventions, and outcomes were extracted, and combined using the inverse-variance method and a random-effects model. A pre-established protocol was drawn up, in which the primary outcome was the difference in circulating estradiol concentrations between the physical activity (experimental) and the control groups after intervention. Pre-specified subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis according to the risk of bias were conducted. RESULTS Data suitable for quantitative synthesis were available from 18 RCTs (1994 participants) for total estradiol and from 5 RCTs (1245 participants) for free estradiol. The overall effect of physical activity was a statistically significant decrease of both total estradiol (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.12; 95 % confidence interval [CI] -0.20 to -0.03; P = 0.01; I (2) = 0 %) and free estradiol (SMD -0.20; 95 % CI -0.31 to -0.09; P = 0.0005; I (2) = 0 %). Subgroup analyses suggest that this effect is independent of menopausal status and is more noticeable for non-obese women and for high intensity exercise. Meta-analysis for secondary outcomes found that physical activity induces a statistically significant decline of free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and adiposity markers, while a significant increase of SHBG was observed. CONCLUSIONS Although the effect is relatively modest, physical activity induces a decrease in circulating sex hormones and this effect is not entirely explained by weight loss. The findings emphasize the benefits of physical activity for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoutar Ennour-Idrissi
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Loc 2428, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6.
| | - Elizabeth Maunsell
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Loc 2428, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6. .,Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8.
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Loc 2428, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6. .,Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8.
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20
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The effect of a community-based exercise intervention on symptoms and quality of life. Cancer Nurs 2015; 37:E43-50. [PMID: 23519041 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0b013e318288d40e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-intensity physical activity in women with breast cancer has been reported to improve physical and psychological outcomes. However, initiation and adherence to a routine physical activity program for cancer survivors after therapy may be challenging. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and effect of a community-based exercise intervention on physical and psychological symptoms and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. METHODS A 1-group pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate a thrice weekly, 4- to 6-month supervised exercise intervention on symptoms and quality of life. Data were collected at baseline and end of the intervention, using the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Checklist, the Symptom Distress Scale, the Centers for Epidemiology Scale for Depression, and the Medical Outcomes Short Form. RESULTS There were 26 participants, with a mean (SD) age of 51.3 (6.2) years; most were married, well educated, and employed. The intervention was delivered at 3 community fitness centers, and adherence ranged from 75% to 98%. Vasomotor, musculoskeletal, and cognitive symptoms were common, but only muscle stiffness, fatigue, and depression significantly changed over time (P = .04, .05, and .01, respectively). Quality of life improved significantly in the areas of physical, emotional, and social function; pain; vitality; and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Providing an exercise intervention in the community where women live and work is feasible and improves physical, psychological, and functional well-being. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Exercise is a key component of cancer rehabilitation and needs to be integrated into our standard care.
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Borkoles E, Reynolds N, Ski CF, Stojanovska L, Thompson DR, Polman RCJ. Relationship between Type-D personality, physical activity behaviour and climacteric symptoms. BMC Womens Health 2015; 15:18. [PMID: 25783649 PMCID: PMC4344794 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-015-0176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of factors have been identified which might influence the variation observed in climacteric symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women. We examined the role of the distressed or Type-D personality and mode of physical activity or exercise on the climacteric symptoms experienced by peri- or post-menopausal women. Methods 213 Women (M age 52.2 years, SD = 5.9), 58% classified as peri- and 42% as post-menopausal completed a questionnaire pack consisting of demographic questions, the DS14 (Type-D personality), Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (assessing household care giving, occupational, active living and sport and exercise index) and the Greene Climacteric Scale (Psychological, somatic/physical, vasomotor and sexual symptoms). Results Type-D personality and increased levels of household care-giving physical activity were both associated with increased bothersomness for all four climacteric factors. Increased levels of sport and exercise participation on the other hand resulted in less psychological, somatic/physical and sexual functioning problems whereas the active living index was inversely related to somatic/physical climacteric symptoms. Finally, lower income was associated with more psychological and somatic/physical symptoms and being peri-menopausal resulted in more vasomotor symptoms. Conclusions The results suggest that mode of physical activity is an important moderator in alleviating climacteric symptoms. In addition, our results support previous findings in that Type-D personality is associated with negative health outcomes. In particular menopausal women with Type-D personality would benefit from interventions (coping, mindfulness training) and regular sport and exercise participation to reduce climacteric symptomology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12905-015-0176-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Borkoles
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia,
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that many perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women will experience menopausal symptoms; hot flushes are the most common. Symptoms caused by fluctuating levels of oestrogen may be alleviated by hormone therapy (HT), but a marked global decline in its use has resulted from concerns about the risks and benefits of HT. Consequently, many women are seeking alternatives. As large numbers of women are choosing not to take HT, it is increasingly important to identify evidence-based lifestyle modifications that have the potential to reduce vasomotor menopausal symptoms. OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of any type of exercise intervention in the management of vasomotor symptoms in symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. SEARCH METHODS Searches of the following electronic bibliographic databases were performed to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs): Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Specialised Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Wiley Internet interface), MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), the Science Citation Index and the Social Science Citation Index (Web of Science), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (Ovid) and SPORTDiscus. Searches include findings up to 3 March 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs in which any type of exercise intervention was compared with no treatment/control or other treatments in the management of menopausal vasomotor symptoms in symptomatic perimenopausal/postmenopausal women. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Five studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. Two review authors independently selected the studies, and three review authors independently extracted the data. The primary review outcome was vasomotor symptoms, defined as hot flushes and/or night sweats. We combined data to calculate standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) statistic. We assessed the overall quality of the evidence for main comparisons using GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methods. MAIN RESULTS We included five RCTs (733 women) comparing exercise with no active treatment, exercise with yoga and exercise with HT. The evidence was of low quality: Limitations in study design were noted, along with inconsistency and imprecision. In the comparison of exercise versus no active treatment (three studies, n = 454 women), no evidence was found of a difference between groups in frequency or intensity of vasomotor symptoms (SMD -0.10, 95% CI -0.33 to 0.13, three RCTs, 454 women, I(2) = 30%, low-quality evidence). Nor was any evidence found of a difference between groups in the frequency or intensity of vasomotor symptoms when exercise was compared with yoga (SMD -0.03, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.38, two studies, n = 279 women, I(2) = 61%, low-quality evidence). It was not possible to include one of the trials in the meta-analyses; this trial compared three groups: exercise plus soy milk, soy milk only and control; results favoured exercise relative to the comparators, but study numbers were small. One trial compared exercise with HT, and the HT group reported significantly fewer flushes in 24 hours than the exercise group (mean difference 5.8, 95% CI 3.17 to 8.43, 14 participants). None of the trials found evidence of a difference between groups with respect to adverse effects, but data were very scanty. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence was insufficient to show whether exercise is an effective treatment for vasomotor menopausal symptoms. One small study suggested that HT is more effective than exercise. Evidence was insufficient to show the relative effectiveness of exercise when compared with HT or yoga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Daley
- Primary Care Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK, B15 2TT
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Rutanen R, Luoto R, Raitanen J, Mansikkamäki K, Tomás E, Nygård CH. Short- and Long-term Effects of a Physical Exercise Intervention on Work Ability and Work Strain in Symptomatic Menopausal Women. Saf Health Work 2014; 5:186-90. [PMID: 25516810 PMCID: PMC4266772 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise during leisure time is known to increase physical capacity; however, the long-term effects on work ability and work strain are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-month physical exercise program on work ability and work strain after 6 months and 30 months, among women with menopausal symptoms at baseline. METHODS A questionnaire including questions on work ability and work strain was mailed in the beginning, at 6 months and after 30 months after the intervention to occupationally active women participating in a randomized controlled study on physical exercise and quality of life. The intervention included aerobic exercise training 4 times per week, 50 minutes per session. Work ability was measured with the Work Ability Index (WAI) and with questions about physical and mental work strain. RESULTS Women aged 47-62 years (N = 89) who were occupationally active at baseline were included in the analyses. The increase in WAI from baseline to the end of the exercise intervention (6 months) was statistically significantly greater among the intervention group than among the control group (regression coefficient 2.08; 95% confidence interval 0.71-3.46). The difference between the groups persisted for 30 months. No significant short- or long-term effects on physical and mental work strain were found. CONCLUSION A 6-month physical exercise intervention among symptomatic menopausal women had positive short-term as well as long-term effects on work ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Rutanen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Luoto
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jani Raitanen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland ; UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Eija Tomás
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Hachul H, Monson C, Kozasa EH, Oliveira DS, Goto V, Afonso R, Llanas AC, Tufik S. Complementary and alternative therapies for treatment of insomnia in women in postmenopause. Climacteric 2014; 17:645-53. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.926321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bryant C, Kleinstäuber M, Judd F. Asptects of mental health care in the gynecological setting. WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 10:237-54. [PMID: 24956291 DOI: 10.2217/whe.14.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Psychological disorders are commonly associated with gynecological conditions, but are frequently undetected and untreated, and may influence the presentation and treatment outcomes of the physical condition. A literature search was conducted in order to provide a narrative review of psychological aspects of menopause, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, chronic pelvic pain, incontinence and polycystic ovarian syndrome. All the conditions that have been addressed in this review can be associated with an increased risk of psychological symptoms and disorders. Anxiety and depression are common and are associated with significant morbidity. Gynecological conditions, by their nature, are likely to be accompanied by impairments in social, occupational and personal functioning. Greater emphasis should be placed on the mental health aspects of gynecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bryant
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
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Sternfeld B, Guthrie KA, Ensrud KE, LaCroix AZ, Larson JC, Dunn AL, Anderson GL, Seguin RA, Carpenter JS, Newton KM, Reed SD, Freeman EW, Cohen LS, Joffe H, Roberts M, Caan BJ. Efficacy of exercise for menopausal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2014; 21:330-8. [PMID: 23899828 PMCID: PMC3858421 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31829e4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the efficacy of exercise training for alleviating vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms. METHODS Late perimenopausal and postmenopausal sedentary women with frequent vasomotor symptoms (VMS) participated in a randomized controlled trial conducted in three sites: 106 women randomized to exercise and 142 women randomized to usual activity. The exercise intervention consisted of individual facility-based aerobic exercise training three times per week for 12 weeks. VMS frequency and bother were recorded on daily diaries at baseline and on weeks 6 and 12. Intent-to-treat analyses compared between-group differences in changes in VMS frequency and bother, sleep symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and mood (Patient Health Questionnaire-8 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire). RESULTS At the end of week 12, changes in VMS frequency in the exercise group (mean change, -2.4 VMS/d; 95% CI, -3.0 to -1.7) and VMS bother (mean change on a four-point scale, -0.5; 95% CI, -0.6 to -0.4) were not significantly different from those in the control group (-2.6 VMS/d; 95% CI, -3.2 to -2.0; P = 0.43; -0.5 points; 95% CI, -0.6 to -0.4; P = 0.75). The exercise group reported greater improvement in insomnia symptoms (P = 0.03), subjective sleep quality (P = 0.01), and depressive symptoms (P = 0.04), but differences were small and not statistically significant when P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results were similar when considering treatment-adherent women only. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide strong evidence that 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise do not alleviate VMS but may result in small improvements in sleep quality, insomnia, and depression in midlife sedentary women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristine E. Ensrud
- University of Minnesota and Minneapolis VA Health Care System,
Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ellen W. Freeman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lee S. Cohen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston,
MA
| | - Hadine Joffe
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston,
MA
| | | | - Bette J. Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
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Tan MN, Kartal M, Guldal D. The effect of physical activity and body mass index on menopausal symptoms in Turkish women: a cross-sectional study in primary care. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:38. [PMID: 24602392 PMCID: PMC3973860 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Considering the fact that, due to recent evidence, many women no longer prefer hormone replacement therapy, it is especially important to develop intervention options to alleviate menopausal symptoms. Although there is conflicting evidence concerning effectiveness, there is an indication that physical activity and weight control may be useful for alleviating symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity and body mass index on menopausal symptoms among menopausal women in Turkey. Methods 305 women between the ages of 45 and 60 who visited the health center for various reasons were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Menopausal women, who visited one of five family physicians working in the same area, were included in the analyses. The Menopause Rating Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a generic medical and socio-demographic information questionnaire were used. Results Women who were physically active had lower total menopausal (p < 0.001), somato-vegetative (p = 0.004), psychological (p = 0.002), and urogenital (p < 0.001) symptom scores than women who were less active. No differences in vasomotor symptoms were recorded related to physical activity level; significant differences were found for most menopausal symptoms, including sleep (p = 0.009) and sexual (p = 0.043) problems, joint and muscular discomfort (p < 0.001) and vaginal dryness (p = 0.016). BMI was not associated with total menopausal symptoms and with the subscales, excluding depressive mood (p = 0.009). A significant increasing trend in the rate of depressive mood was observed from normal through overweight to obese participants. The mean scores of the total menopausal symptoms were lower among the participants who were well educated, currently working and without chronic diseases. Conclusions Physical activity may play an important role in alleviating menopausal symptoms. As part of preventive medicine, primary care physicians should also stress lifestyle changes, including physical activity, to manage menopausal symptoms.
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Woods NF, Mitchell ES, Schnall JG, Cray L, Ismail R, Taylor-Swanson L, Thomas A. Effects of mind-body therapies on symptom clusters during the menopausal transition. Climacteric 2013; 17:10-22. [PMID: 23937432 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2013.828198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although most women experience symptom clusters during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause, investigators reporting clinical trial effects for hot flushes often omit co-occurring symptoms. Our aim was to review controlled clinical trials of mind-body therapies for hot flushes and at least one other co-occurring symptom from these groups: sleep, cognitive function, mood, and pain. METHODS An experienced reference librarian performed an extensive search of PubMed/Medline, CINAHL Plus, PsycInfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, EMBASE, AMED, and Alt-Health Watch for randomized controlled trials reported in English between 2004 and July 2011. Of 1193 abstracts identified, 58 trials examining effectiveness of therapies for hot flushes and at least one additional co-occurring symptom of interest were identified. RESULTS Eight trials (ten publications) examined relaxation, yoga, or exercise. Physical activity/exercise trials (six) yielded mixed results; only one significantly reduced hot flushes and mood symptoms. Of two relaxation therapy trials, only mindfulness-based stress reduction training reduced sleep and mood symptoms and had within-group treatment effects on hot flushes. Yoga (one trial) significantly reduced hot flushes and improved cognitive symptoms more than exercise, and also had within-group effects on sleep and pain symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Studies of mind-body therapies for hot flushes increasingly measure multiple symptom outcomes, but few report treatment effects in ways that allow clinicians to consider symptom clusters when prescribing therapies. Future studies need to measure and report results for individual symptoms or group like symptoms together into subscales rather than use subscales with mixed dimensions. Trials with larger numbers of participants are essential to allow evaluation of these therapies on multiple co-occurring symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Woods
- * Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Washington
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Fisher WI, Johnson AK, Elkins GR, Otte JL, Burns DS, Yu M, Carpenter JS. Risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of hot flashes in cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63:167-92. [PMID: 23355109 PMCID: PMC3640615 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot flashes are prevalent and severe symptoms that can interfere with mood, sleep, and quality of life for women and men with cancer. The purpose of this article is to review existing literature on the risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of hot flashes in individuals with cancer. Electronic searches were conducted to identify relevant English-language literature published through June 15, 2012. Results indicated that risk factors for hot flashes in cancer include patient-related factors (eg, age, race/ethnicity, educational level, smoking history, cardiovascular risk including body mass index, and genetics) and disease-related factors (eg, cancer diagnosis and dose/type of treatment). In addition, although the pathophysiology of hot flashes has remained elusive, these symptoms are likely attributable to disruptions in thermoregulation and neurochemicals. Therapies that have been offered or tested fall into 4 broad categories: pharmacological, nutraceutical, surgical, and complementary/behavioral strategies. The evidence base for this broad range of therapies varies, with some treatments not yet having been fully tested or showing equivocal results. The evidence base surrounding all therapies is evaluated to enhance hot flash treatment decision-making by clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William I Fisher
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Effects of physical activity on vasomotor symptoms: examination using objective and subjective measures. Menopause 2013; 19:1095-103. [PMID: 22735162 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31824f8fb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity (PA) is essential for successful aging and for the prevention and management of common chronic diseases. The empirical support for the beneficial effects of PA on vasomotor symptoms has, however, been mixed. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of acute aerobic exercise and daily PA on menopausal vasomotor symptoms. METHODS Community-dwelling midlife women (N = 121; age range, 40-60 y) not using hormone therapy were recruited for a 15-day daily diary study. Women completed psychological, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and hormonal status screening followed by a 15-day prospective assessment in a "real-life" setting using a personal digital assistant. Participants also completed a 30-minute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise bout on a treadmill between days 5 and 8. Daily PA was assessed objectively through accelerometry, and all symptomatic women (n = 92) completed two 24-hour Biolog sternal skin conductance recordings of hot flashes (HFs)-one at baseline and one immediately after treadmill exercise. RESULTS Both total objective (P = 0.054) and total subjective (P < 0.05) HFs decreased after the acute exercise bout. At the between-person level, daily PA was not associated with self-reported HFs. However, at the within-person level, performing more moderate physical activity than usual was associated with more self-reported HFs in women with lower fitness levels. CONCLUSIONS Moderate aerobic exercise decreases objective and subjective HFs 24 hours after exercise; however, in women with lower fitness levels, more daily moderate PA leads to more self-reported symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris L Tong
- Department of Medicine; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Women's Medicine Collaborative; 146 West River Avenue; Providence; RI; 02904; USA
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Barton DL, Loprinzi CL. Using One's Head to Treat Menopausal Symptoms. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:4059-60. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.44.9652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Duijts SF, van Beurden M, Oldenburg HS, Hunter MS, Kieffer JM, Stuiver MM, Gerritsma MA, Menke-Pluymers MB, Plaisier PW, Rijna H, Lopes Cardozo AM, Timmers G, van der Meij S, van der Veen H, Bijker N, de Widt-Levert LM, Geenen MM, Heuff G, van Dulken EJ, Boven E, Aaronson NK. Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Physical Exercise in Alleviating Treatment-Induced Menopausal Symptoms in Patients With Breast Cancer: Results of a Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Trial. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:4124-33. [PMID: 23045575 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.41.8525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), physical exercise (PE), and of these two interventions combined (CBT/PE) on menopausal symptoms (primary outcome), body image, sexual functioning, psychological well-being, and health-related quality of life (secondary outcomes) in patients with breast cancer experiencing treatment-induced menopause. Patients and Methods Patients with breast cancer reporting treatment-induced menopausal symptoms (N = 422) were randomly assigned to CBT (n = 109), PE (n = 104), CBT/PE (n = 106), or to a waiting list control group (n = 103). Self-report questionnaires were completed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 6 months. Multilevel procedures were used to compare the intervention groups with the control group over time. Results Compared with the control group, the intervention groups had a significant decrease in levels of endocrine symptoms (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Endocrine Symptoms; P < .001; effect size, 0.31-0.52) and urinary symptoms (Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Questionnaire; P = .002; effect size, 0.29-0.33), and they showed an improvement in physical functioning (36-Item Short Form Health Survey physical functioning subscale; P = .002; effect size, 0.37-0.46). The groups that included CBT also showed a significant decrease in the perceived burden of hot flashes and night sweats (problem rating scale of the Hot Flush Rating Scale; P < .001; effect size, 0.39-0.56) and an increase in sexual activity (Sexual Activity Questionnaire habit subscale; P = .027; effect size, 0.65). Most of these effects were observed at both the 12-week and 6-month follow-ups. Conclusion CBT and PE can have salutary effects on endocrine symptoms and, to a lesser degree, on sexuality and physical functioning of patients with breast cancer experiencing treatment-induced menopause. Future work is needed to improve the design and the planning of these interventions to improve program adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia F.A. Duijts
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Marc van Beurden
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Hester S.A. Oldenburg
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Myra S. Hunter
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Jacobien M. Kieffer
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Martijn M. Stuiver
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Miranda A. Gerritsma
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Peter W. Plaisier
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Herman Rijna
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Alexander M.F. Lopes Cardozo
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Gertjan Timmers
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Suzan van der Meij
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Henk van der Veen
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Nina Bijker
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Louise M. de Widt-Levert
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Maud M. Geenen
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Gijsbert Heuff
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Eric J. van Dulken
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Epie Boven
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
| | - Neil K. Aaronson
- Saskia F.A. Duijts, Jacobien M. Kieffer, Miranda A. Gerritsma, Neil K. Aaronson, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Marc van Beurden, Hester S.A. Oldenburg, Martijn M. Stuiver, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Nina Bijker, Academic Medical Center; Maud M. Geenen, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital; Eric J. van Dulken, Slotervaart Hospital; Epie Boven, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam; Marian B.E. Menke-Pluymers, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Peter W. Plaisier, Albert Schweitzer Hospital,
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Abstract
The impact of oncologic treatments on fertility and menopausal symptoms is often significant for patients with cancer. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy can all damage the reproductive organs or the hypothalamic pituitary axis that controls them, impairing fertility and causing hormonally mediated symptoms such as hot flashes. Understanding these risks and strategies to mitigate them may substantially improve cancer survivorship care. For both female and male patients who desire a future biologic child, there are a variety of fertility preservation techniques that should be considered. For cancer survivors who experience menopausal symptoms, lifestyle changes may be beneficial, and hormonal and nonhormonal pharmacologic agents are well proven to reduce symptom burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Ruddy
- All authors: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ann H. Partridge
- All authors: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Luoto R, Moilanen J, Heinonen R, Mikkola T, Raitanen J, Tomas E, Ojala K, Mansikkamäki K, Nygård CH. Effect of aerobic training on hot flushes and quality of life--a randomized controlled trial. Ann Med 2012; 44:616-26. [PMID: 21639722 PMCID: PMC3469216 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.583674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To estimate whether aerobic training has an effect on frequency of hot flushes or quality of life. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Symptomatic, sedentary women (n = 176), 43-63 years, no current use of hormone therapy. INTERVENTION Unsupervised aerobic training for 50 minutes four times per week during 6 months. OUTCOMES Hot flushes as measured with Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL, SF-36), daily reported hot flushes on phone-based diary, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and body composition. RESULTS Intervention group had larger decrease in the frequency of night-time hot flushes based on phone diary (P for month × group = 0.012), but not on WHQ scale. Intervention group had less depressed mood (P = 0.01) than control women according to change in WHQ score. Changes in WHQ score in depressed mood (P = 0.03) and menstrual symptoms (P = 0.01) in the intervention group were significantly dependent on frequency of training sessions. HRQoL was improved among the intervention group women in physical functioning (P = 0.049) and physical role limitation (P = 0.017). CRF improved (P = 0.008), and lean muscle mass increased (P = 0.046) significantly in the intervention group as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic training may decrease the frequency of hot flushes and improve quality of life among slightly overweight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Luoto
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
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Yeh SCJ, Chang MY. The effect of Qigong on menopausal symptoms and quality of sleep for perimenopausal women: a preliminary observational study. J Altern Complement Med 2012; 18:567-75. [PMID: 22537466 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study objectives were to examine the effect of a 12-week 30-minute-a-day Ping Shuai Qigong exercise program on climacteric symptoms and sleep quality in perimenopausal women. DESIGN This was a prospective observational study. SETTINGS/LOCATION The subjects (N=70) from two communities were women aged 45 years and above who were experiencing menopausal symptoms. SUBJECTS Thirty-five (35) women from one community were assigned to a Ping Shuai Qigong intervention group, while 35 women from the other community were assigned to the control group. INTERVENTIONS This was a 12-week, 30-minute-a-day Ping Shuai Qigong program. OUTCOME MEASURES The Greene Climacteric Symptom scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were the outcome measures. METHODS Descriptive analysis and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used. RESULTS Pretest scores at baseline found no significant group differences in climacteric symptoms or sleep quality. Significant improvements in climacteric symptoms were found at 6 weeks and 12 weeks (t=4.07, p<0.001 and t=11.83, p<0.001) in the intervention group. They were also found to have significant improvements in sleep quality in those times (t=5.93, p<0.001 and t=10.58, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Ping Shuai Qigong improved climacteric symptoms and sleep quality in perimenopausal women at 6 weeks and 12 weeks. The longer a person practiced this form of meditative exercise, the greater the improvement in sleeping quality and climacteric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chuan Jennifer Yeh
- Department of Business Management, Institute of Health Care Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Sternfeld B, Dugan S. Physical activity and health during the menopausal transition. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2012; 38:537-66. [PMID: 21961719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of regular physical activity are well established, but evidence for a protective effect against the adverse health consequences accompanying the menopausal transition is limited. This article reviews that evidence, concluding that more physical activity is generally associated with fewer somatic and mood symptoms. Physical activity seems to minimize weight gain and changes in body composition and fat distribution experienced at midlife and might attenuate the rapid bone density loss that occurs. Given these benefits, clinicians treating perimenopausal women should encourage their patients to follow guidelines for physical activity (≥150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity activity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sternfeld
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
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Daily physical activity and menopausal hot flashes: applying a novel within-person approach to demonstrate individual differences. Maturitas 2012; 71:287-93. [PMID: 22226629 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) may be a useful tool in the management of menopausal hot flashes (HFs) but findings are generally inconsistent. There are few well-designed and sufficiently powered RCTs. Applying a longitudinal within-person approach offers an alternative way to examine the PA-HFs relationship which enables complete accommodation of inter-individual differences. OBJECTIVES Aprospective daily diary study which applied experience sampling methods and time series modeling techniques investigated, at the within-person level, the relationship between objectively measured daily PA of varying intensities and self-reported menopausal HFs. METHODS Twenty-four symptomatic middle-aged women (M age=50.4; SD=4.9) completed fitness, body composition and hormonal status screening, and reported on daily HFs using an electronic PDA device across one menstrual cycle or for 30 days (if postmenopausal). Daily PA and PA intensity was measured using accelerometry and subjects completed a battery of psychological measures. RESULTS Within person analysis identified significant relations between PA and HFs in 50% of subjects, although the specific PA indicators that predicted HFs varied, both in terms of direction and magnitude. Perceived control over HFs was the variable that most consistently differentiated between women for whom more PA was associated with fewer HFs as compared to those for whom more PA was associated with more HFs, but other individual difference characteristics such as affect, depressive symptoms, and anxiety were identified. CONCLUSIONS There is great individual variation in the way daily PA impacts self-reported HFs. Affective outcomes and perceived control may help potentially explain this variability.
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Morrow PKH, Mattair DN, Hortobagyi GN. Hot flashes: a review of pathophysiology and treatment modalities. Oncologist 2011; 16:1658-64. [PMID: 22042786 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many therapies are being studied for the treatment of hot flashes for individuals with cancer, yet few studies have demonstrated safe and effective clinical benefit for those who suffer from this distressing symptom. The purpose of this paper is to assess the current options for the management of hot flashes, examining key endpoints from recent clinical trials and reviewing future directions. Hot flashes are a common stressful symptom for individuals with cancer, particularly women with a history of breast cancer and men with prostate cancer. Lifestyle modifications are proposed as the first step in the management of less severe hot flashes. Several publications have addressed nonhormonal agents as a treatment option for hot flashes. Newer antidepressant and anticonvulsant agents have been studied and show potential in treating vasomotor symptoms. Although many complementary and alternative therapies, including herbal medications and phytoestrogens, have been studied for the treatment of hot flashes, none are clinically recommended at this time. Additionally, further evidence is needed for supportive exercise such as yoga and relaxation techniques. Acupuncture may warrant further investigation in the reduction and severity of hot flashes in both men and women. Hormonal therapies, including estrogens and progestogens, are the most well-known and efficient agents in alleviating hot flashes; however, the safety of these agents is disputable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Khanh H Morrow
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that many perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women will experience menopause symptoms, hot flushes being the most common. Symptoms caused by fluctuating levels of oestrogen may be alleviated by HRT but there has been a marked global decline in its use due to concerns about the risks and benefits of HRT; consequently many women are now seeking alternatives. As large numbers of women are choosing not to take HRT, it is increasingly important to identify evidence based lifestyle modification interventions that have potential to reduce vasomotor menopausal symptoms. OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of any type of exercise intervention in the management of vasomotor menopausal symptoms (hot flushes and night sweats) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. SEARCH STRATEGY Searches of the following electronic bibliographic databases were performed to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs): Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Specialised trials register; Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) (Wiley Internet interface), MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index (Web of Science), CINAHL (Ovid) and SPORT Discus. Searches included dates up until 16-24 March 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs in which any type of exercise intervention were compared no treatment/control or other treatments in the management of menopausal vasomotor symptoms in symptomatic perimenopausal/postmenopausal women. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Six studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. Three authors independently extracted data from eligible studies. Three meta-analyses according to comparator the group were performed. MAIN RESULTS In the comparison of exercise versus no treatment/control (three studies), the non-significant effect size Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) for vasomotor symptoms was -0.14 (95% CI: -0.54 to 0.26); SMD was -0.04, -0.25, -0.38. For the analysis of exercise versus HRT (three studies), the non-significant SMD was 0.49 (95% CI: -0.27 to 1.26); SMD across studies was 0.13, 0.19 and 1.52, with all studies favouring HRT. In the comparison of exercise versus yoga (two studies), the non-significant SMD was -0.09 (95%CI:-0.64 to 0.45); SMD was -0.37 and 0.19. All comparisons were based on small samples. One small study reported data that could not be included in the meta-analysis; in this study hot flush scores were significantly lower in the exercise plus soy milk group (83%) than soy milk only group (72%). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The existing studies provided insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of exercise as a treatment for vasomotor menopausal symptoms, or whether exercise is more effective than HRT or yoga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Daley
- Primary Care Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Learning Centre Building, Universitiy of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK, B15 2TT
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Tairova OS, De Lorenzi DRS. Influência do exercício físico na qualidade de vida de mulheres na pós-menopausa: um estudo caso-controle. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-98232011000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência de atividade física na qualidade de vida e sintomas referidos por um grupo de mulheres pós-menopáusicas. METODOLOGIA: estudo caso-controle envolvendo de 197 mulheres na pós- menopausa com idade entre 50-65 anos: 132 sedentárias e 65 praticantes de exercícios físicos aeróbicos de intensidade leve a moderada. A qualidade de vida e a sintomatologia climatérica foram avaliadas pela Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Na análise estatística, procedeu-se à análise multivariada por regressão linear múltipla. RESULTADOS: O grupo fisicamente apresentou índices de qualidade de vida significativamente melhores em todos os domínios do instrumento MRS: sintomas sômato-vegetativos (p<0,01), sintomas psicológicos (p<0,01) e geniturinários e sexuais (p<0,01); 63,6% do grupo sedentário e 33,4% do fisicamente ativo referiram sintomas de intensidade moderada a severa. A capacidade cardiorrespiratória se mostrou também significativamente maior entre as mulheres fisicamente ativas (26,5±7,0 ml/Kg/min and 20,2±7,8 ml/kg/min, respectivamente). Através da análise multivariada, mostraram-se fatores preditores da qualidade de vida no presente estudo, a confirmação de atividade física regular (p<0,01) e a renda familiar per capita (p<0,01), de modo que as mulheres fisicamente ativas ou com melhor renda tenderam a referir menor sintomatologia climatérica e melhor qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÕES: No presente estudo, a atividade física regular de intensidade leve a moderada e a renda familiar per capita influenciaram positivamente a qualidade de vida e a intensidade da sintomatologia climatérica.
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Sideras K, Loprinzi CL. Nonhormonal management of hot flashes for women on risk reduction therapy. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2010; 8:1171-9. [PMID: 20971841 PMCID: PMC3922061 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2010.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hot flashes are very common in women in menopause and can have a detrimental effect on quality of life. Women on risk reduction therapy are particularly prone because treatments, such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, or oophorectomy, have the potential to exacerbate these symptoms. Hormonal treatments, despite the fact that they represent the most effective therapies, are not used for the treatment of hot flashes in these women because of concerns that they may increase the risk for breast cancer. As a result, several nonhormonal therapies have been tested in randomized placebo-controlled trials and shown to be effective, such as paroxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, fluoxetine, citalopram, gabapentin, and pregabalin. In addition, several nonpharmacologic therapies have been tested with various successes. An additional consideration is how some of those drugs, especially fluoxetine and paroxetine, interact with the metabolism of tamoxifen. This article discusses these issues, and provides some recommendations regarding use of nonhormonal therapies for treating hot flashes in women on risk reduction therapy, with an emphasis on pharmacogenomic considerations.
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Prevalence of menopause symptoms and their association with lifestyle among Finnish middle-aged women. Maturitas 2010; 67:368-74. [PMID: 20869181 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to report the prevalence of menopausal symptoms by severity among the Finnish female population and the association of their symptoms with lifestyle (smoking, use of alcohol, physical activity) and body mass index (BMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Health 2000 is a nationally representative population-based study of Finnish adults. Data were collected by home interview, three self-administered questionnaires and a clinical examination by a physician. This study included women aged 45-64 years (n=1427). All symptoms included menopause-specific symptoms. Both univariate analysis and a factor analysis based on symptom factors were performed by menopausal group. Multiple regression analysis included each symptom factor as a dependent variable and confounding and lifestyle factors (age, education, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, BMI, use of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and chronic disease status). RESULTS Over one-third (38%) of the premenopausal, half of the perimenopausal, and 54% of both postmenopausal and hysterectomized women reported bothersome symptoms. The difference between pre- and perimenopausal women was largest and statistically most significant in the case of back pain and hot flushes. Physically active women reported fewer somatic symptoms than did women with a sedentary lifestyle. Smoking was not related to vasomotor symptoms. CONCLUSION Bothersome symptoms are common in midlife, regardless of menopausal status. Inverse association between physical activity and menopausal symptoms needs to be confirmed in randomized trials.
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Huang AJ, Subak LL, Wing R, West DS, Hernandez AL, Macer J, Grady D. An intensive behavioral weight loss intervention and hot flushes in women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 170:1161-7. [PMID: 20625026 DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher body mass index is associated with worse hot flushes during menopause but the effect of weight loss on flushing is unclear. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess bothersome hot flushes in a 6-month randomized controlled trial of an intensive behavioral weight loss program (intervention) vs a structured health education program (control) in 338 women who were overweight or obese and had urinary incontinence. Weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, physical activity, calorie intake, blood pressure, and physical and mental functioning were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. Repeated-measures proportional odds models examined intervention effects on bothersome hot flushes and potential mediating factors. RESULTS Approximately half of participants (n = 154) were at least slightly bothered by hot flushes at baseline. Among these women, the intervention was associated with greater improvement in bothersome flushes vs control (odds ratio [OR] for improvement by 1 Likert category, 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-4.21). Reductions in weight (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08-1.61; per 5-kg decrease), body mass index (1.17; 1.05-1.30; per 1-point decrease), and abdominal circumference (1.32; 1.07-1.64; per 5-cm decrease) were each associated with improvement in flushing, but changes in physical activity, calorie intake, blood pressure, and physical and mental functioning were not related. The effect of the intervention on flushing was modestly diminished after adjustment for multiple potential mediators (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.95-3.89). CONCLUSION Among women who were overweight or obese and had bothersome hot flushes, an intensive behavioral weight loss intervention resulted in improvement in flushing relative to control. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00091988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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McAndrew LM, Napolitano MA, Albrecht A, Farrell NC, Marcus BH, Whiteley JA. When, why and for whom there is a relationship between physical activity and menopause symptoms. Maturitas 2009; 64:119-25. [PMID: 19781877 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between enhanced physical activity and decreased menopause symptoms is equivocal. In this study we sought to better understand this relationship by examining the association of physical activity to different symptom domains and by examining mediating and moderating variables. STUDY DESIGN Women participating in a randomized control trial on physical activity were given a menopause symptom measure (MENQOL) at follow-up. Of the 280 women participating, 113 (mean age=52) reported having symptoms they attributed to menopause. Regression analyses were run to examine if change in physical activity predicted fewer symptoms. Exercise self-efficacy was examined as a mediator and depressive symptoms as a moderator. RESULTS An increase in physical activity from baseline was found to be related to reporting fewer total menopause symptoms (beta=-0.22, p=.02). When the total menopause symptoms score was examined by domain, increased physical activity was found to be related to reporting fewer general symptoms attributed to menopause (psychosocial (beta=-0.18, p=.05) and physical (beta=-0.23, p=.01)), but had no effect on specific symptoms of menopause (vasomotor and sexual). Exercise self-efficacy was found to mediate the relationship between increased physical activity and total, physical and psychosocial menopause symptoms. Finally, for individuals with high depressive symptoms, those who increased physical activity the most reported fewer sexual symptoms of menopause. CONCLUSION This study suggests that physical activity participation is associated with lower general symptom reporting as opposed to specifically impacting menopause symptoms. Further, exercise self-efficacy mediates the relationship between physical activity and general menopause symptoms, suggesting a psychological pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M McAndrew
- Dept. of Veterans Affairs NJ Healthcare System, War Related Illness and Injury Center, 385 Tremont Ave #129, East Orange, NJ 07018, United States.
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Exercise to reduce vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms: A review. Maturitas 2009; 63:176-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pinkerton JV, Stovall DW, Kightlinger RS. Advances in the Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms. WOMENS HEALTH 2009; 5:361-384; quiz 383-4. [DOI: 10.2217/whe.09.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy are both common menopausal symptoms. Hormone therapy is currently the only FDA-approved treatment for hot flashes. Current recommendations are to use the lowest dose of hormone therapy for the shortest period that will allow treatment goals to be met. Although the reanalysis of the WHI in 2007 by Roussow et al. provided evidence of coronary heart safety for users of hormone therapy under the age of 60 years and within 10 years of the onset of menopause, not all women desire or are candidates for hormone therapy. In this review we present an evidence-based discussion considering the effectiveness of hormonal and nonhormonal therapies for the relief of vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy. Concern exists regarding systemic absorption of vaginal estrogen and possible adverse effects on the breast and uterus. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and estrogen agonists offer benefits through targeted estrogen agonist/antagonistic effects and are being evaluated with and without estrogen for symptomatic menopausal women. Centrally acting nonhormonal therapies that are effective for the relief of vasomotor symptoms include various antidepressants, gabapentin and clonidine. A limited number of clinical trials have been conducted with nonprescription remedies, including paced respiration, yoga, acupuncture, exercise, homeopathy and magnet therapy, and some, but not all of these, have been found to be more effective than placebo. Dietary herbal supplements, such as soy and black cohosh, have demonstrated mixed and inconclusive results in placebo-controlled trials. Potential therapies for vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy require randomized, placebo-controlled trials of sufficient duration to establish efficacy and safety. Agents under investigation for vasomotor symptoms relief include neuroactive agents, such as gabapentin and desvenlafaxine; an estrogen receptor-β-targeted herbal therapy, MF-101; and the selective estrogen receptor modulator, bazedoxifene, paired with estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnn V Pinkerton
- JoAnn V Pinkerton, MD, Box 801104, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA, Tel.: +1 434 243 4727, Fax: +1 434 243 4706,
| | - Dale W Stovall
- Dale Stovall, MD, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Divisions of Midlife Health & Reproductive Endocrinology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA, Tel.: +1 434 243 4570,
| | - Rebecca S Kightlinger
- Rebecca Kightlinger, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Divisions of Midlife Health & Reproductive Endocrinology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA, Tel.: +1 434 243 4727,
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Duijts SFA, Oldenburg HSA, van Beurden M, Aaronson NK. Cognitive behavioral therapy and physical exercise for climacteric symptoms in breast cancer patients experiencing treatment-induced menopause: design of a multicenter trial. BMC Womens Health 2009; 9:15. [PMID: 19500403 PMCID: PMC2706817 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature menopause is a major concern of younger women undergoing adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. Hormone replacement therapy is contraindicated in women with a history of breast cancer. Non-hormonal medications show a range of bothersome side-effects. There is growing evidence that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and physical exercise can have a positive impact on symptoms in naturally occurring menopause. The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of these interventions among women with breast cancer experiencing treatment-induced menopause. METHODS/DESIGN In a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial, we are evaluating the effectiveness of CBT/relaxation, of physical exercise and of these two program elements combined, in reducing menopausal symptoms, improving sexual functioning, reducing emotional distress, and in improving the health-related quality of life of younger breast cancer patients who experience treatment-induced menopause. 325 breast cancer patients (aged < 50) are being recruited from hospitals in the Amsterdam region, and randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups or a 'waiting list' control group. Self-administered questionnaires are completed by the patients at baseline, and at 12 weeks (T1) and 6 months (T2) post-study entry. Upon completion of the study, women assigned to the control group will be given the choice of undergoing either the CBT or physical exercise program. DISCUSSION Cognitive behavioral therapy and physical exercise are potentially useful treatments among women with breast cancer undergoing treatment-induced, premature menopause. For these patients, hormonal and non-hormonal therapies are contraindicated or have a range of bothersome side-effects. Hence, research into these interventions is needed, before dissemination and implementation in the current health care system can take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia FA Duijts
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hester SA Oldenburg
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc van Beurden
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Gynecology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neil K Aaronson
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Luoto R. Hot flushes and quality of life during menopause. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2009; 9:13. [PMID: 19450250 PMCID: PMC2689180 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Menopausal health is important since this stage of life is not to be avoided. A recent article in BMC Women's Health from the Estonian Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy trial has concluded that quality of life is not related to hormonal therapy use. The commentary article discusses this finding and considers other factors related to symptoms and quality of life during menopause. Important factors known to affect hot flushes and quality of life are smoking and high body weight. Since both these factors are modifiable, menopause is a suitable area for health promotion. However, evidence concerning lifestyle changes in symptom relief or increase of quality of life is weak. More trials in this area are needed before women may consider non-pharmacological treatment of symptoms as a reliable option for menopausal symptom cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Luoto
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion, Tampere, Finland.
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